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RUNNING HEAD: ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY

Annotated Bibliography

Nicole Galvez

Chamberlain University

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ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAHY
Health Belief Model
Jones, C., Jensen, J., Scherr, C., Brown, N., Christy, K., & Weaver, J. (2014). The Health Belief

Model as an Explanatory Framework in Communication Research: Exploring Parallel,

Serial, and Moderated Mediation. Health Communication, 30(6), 566-576. doi:

10.1080/10410236.2013.873363

In this article, the researches discusses the application of the Health Belief Model. The

Health belief Model suggests that six concepts predict health behavior: risk susceptibility,

risk severity, benefits to action, barriers to action, self-efficacy, and cues to action.

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Researchers focused on behavior and used this model to analyze vaccination behavior

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after an eight-month flu vaccine campaign. The assessment team tracked H1N1

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vaccination behavior and programmed exposure such as commercial and radio ads. An
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estimated that 23.3% of adults 18 years and older received the H1N1 flu vaccine during

2009–2010 just slightly above the national average during that time.
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This model theorizes that people will act to avert diseases if they favor themselves as
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vulnerable to an illness or that there will be little or slight negative outcomes to receiving

the healthcare procedure necessary to stop the perceived illness. This model is especially
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useful when it comes to clinical application as a nurse practitioner. Communicating with

patients and identify barrier to their healthcare is necessary in creating better healthcare
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outcomes. Immunizations, such as the flu vaccine often have misconceptions like I’ll get
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sick if I get the flu vaccine after is a common barrier when it comes to vaccinations.

Educating patients on these misconceptions will aid them in making the appropriate
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healthcare choice.

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ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAHY
Praxis Theory of Suffering
Morse, J. (2015). Using qualitative methods to access the pain experience. British Journal Of

Pain, 9(1), 26-31. doi: 10.1177/2049463714550507

This article provides an in-depth look on qualitative measures and the assessment of pain

and patient experience. The author used three strategies and the application of qualitative

researching to conduct this study. She used evaluations of the way’s participants speak

about agonizing pain using narrative review, parallels of childbirth pain in two cultural

groups using ethnography and the Praxis Theory of Suffering. This theory provides a

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theoretical explanation for behaviors that currently baffle the comprehension of anguish

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using the Distress Thermometer pain scale. The researcher found, a lack of understanding

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about the Distress Thermometer worked, and why valid, interpretable results were not
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being obtained is clear when one understands suffering behavior as two stages: enduring

and emotional suffering.

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Pain is subjective and everyone handles pain differently. This is why pain threshold varies
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person to person. This model is extremely relevant to nurse practitioners as pain is often

considered the sixth vital sign. The Praxis Theory of Suffering enables nurses to
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recognize and respond according to the behaviors of suffering, and to endure with

healthy, adaptive, and normalizing behaviors that enable preserving self. Helping patients
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effectively manage and cope with pain will be important in those patients with chronic
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pain or illness. This would foster better mental health outlooks for these types of patients.

Family Assessment and Intervention Model

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Persson, C., & Benzein, E. (2014). Family Health Conversations: How Do They Support

Health?. Nursing Research And Practice, 2014, 1-11. doi: 10.1155/2014/547160

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ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAHY
A brief summary of this article describes the use of the Family Assessment and

Intervention Model. The goal of these interventions is to help family health by

establishing a framework for change. This framework enables interactions between the

participants by assessing their family’s circumstances and intervening by asking

insightful questions focusing on the particular problem. The research found qualitatively

designed outcome studies focusing on families' experiences and found these interventions

to be a therapeutic experience, enhancing family relations, improving experiences of

agony, and mentally empowering. They found the most key aspects of this model were to

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be narrating, listening, and reconsidering in interactions. Knowing these keys aspects are

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important successfully integrating these to family systems interventions when it comes to

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education and clinical practice will be able to meet the needs of overlooked families
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experiencing illness and coping with them.

This model is a fantastic resource for nurse practitioners to have. This model facilitates
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therapeutic communication between families regarding illnesses and care. It also allows
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for education opportunities within family settings. Helping families cope with illnesses

like cancer will provide a better mental health environment of the patient and family
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members. This model allows for active listening, narrating, and behavior modification

that can be addresses within a family unit. The importance of family health is necessary
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when dealing with chronic illnesses because it does not only effect one person, it effects
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the whole family unit.

Family Systems Theory

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Pratt, K., & Skelton, J. (2018). Family Functioning and Childhood Obesity Treatment: A Family

Systems Theory-Informed Approach. Academic Pediatrics, 18(6), 620-627. doi:

10.1016/j.acap.2018.04.001

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ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAHY
This article highlights the application of the Family Systems Theory to target a chronic

issue like childhood obesity. This model is often used to recognize concerns that may

occur when one member of the family develops a chronic illness. This study focused on

providing the background and evidence for use of Family Systems Model and how

families view weight-related manners that impact obesity, and the source of their concern,

which type of treatment may be advantageous, and the use of Family Systems Theory

interventions. They developed a clinical algorithm detailing the use of Family Systems

Theory through assessment, intervention, and follow-up that allows for modification over

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time by providers and researchers viewing obesity in the context of the family and family

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dynamics.

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The use of this model to target a current issue like childhood obesity is a great resource.
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This article provided a framework on how to approach childhood obesity in a family unit

rather than just focusing on the child itself. Addressing these concerns with the family
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unit can only facilitate a healthier outcome for the child. Being able to effectively
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communication and provide interventions that will aid in successful adaptation within the

family unit is key when using this model. This is extremely useful as nurse practitioner
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because you can have patients in all age ranges.

Transtheoretical Model of Behavioral Change

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Rahimi, A., Hashemzadeh, M., Zare-Farashbandi, F., Alavi-Naeini, A., & Daei, A.
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(2019).Transtheoretical model of health behavioral change: A systematic review. Iranian

Journal Of Nursing And Midwifery Research, 24(2), 83. doi: 10.4103/ijnmr.ijnmr_94_17

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The authors of this article used the Transtheoretical model of behavioral change

emphasizing on intervention with patients dealing with chronic illnesses. Transtheoretical

model of behavioral change focuses on changing a behavior is not a correlation but

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ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAHY
instead is a process and various people are in separate stages of change and willingness.

During this behavioral process change, people experience five stages: precontemplation,

contemplation, preparation, action, and maintenance. The researchers decided to research

studies that have already been done to see if behavioral change using this model was

successful. They complied a list of over 100 research articles that used the

Transtheoretical Model of Behavioral change with interventions to manage patients with

chronic illnesses. They found the majority of studies focused on the effectiveness of

Transtheoretical Model of Behavioral Change on the behavioral change management. In

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addition, they also concluded the use of this model could be applied successfully in

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preventing chronic illnesses.

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As a nurse practitioner I will be managing several patients with chronic illnesses like
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cardiac disease. Being able to apply this model to patients creating effective behavioral

change is necessary in their overall healthcare outcomes. If they don’t modify their eating
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habits, exercise habits, or medication compliance habits their health outlook will not go
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in their favor. Facilitating effective behavioral change in patients with chronic illnesses is

extremely important. In addition, preventing chronic illnesses in at risk patients using this
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model will aid greatly in the care of these patients.

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