CSC-101 Numerical EHV Transmission Line Protection Equipment Manual (F0SF.451.086ER) - V1.1

CSC-101 Numerical EHV Transmission Line
Protection Equipment Manual
BD2012005
CSC-101 Numerical EHV Transmission Line
Protection Equipment Manual
Compiled：Houchangsong
Checked：Cuichenfan
Standardized：Lilianchang
Inspected：Niejuanhong
Version：V1.1
Doc.Code：F0SF.451.086 (ER)
Issued Date：2012-8-14
CAUTION
1) This manual applies only to CSC-101.
2) Please read the manual carefully and with the specification of the
installation, adjustment, testing, operation and maintenance.
3) To prevent damage to equipment, don‘t plug-hot-plug any unit of the
equipment, touching the chips and components in printed circuit board.
4) Please use the testing equipment and devices which comply with the
relevant standards for test and detection.
5) If any abnormity occurred in the equipment or unusual maintenance needed,
promptly contact with the agents or our service hotline.
6) The operation password is：8888.
WARNING
1）During operation of electrical equipment ,certain parts of this equipment are
under high voltage. Severe personal injury or significant equipment damage could
result from improper behavior.
2）Only qualified personnel should work on this equipment or in vicinity of the
equipment. These persons must be familiar with warning & service procedure
described in this manual, as well as with safety regulations.
3）Prerequisites to proper & safety operation of the equipment are proper
storage, setup, installation, operation & maintenance of the equipment.
4）In particularly cases, the general rules & safety regulations according to
relating standards(e.g. IEC, National standards or other International standards) for
work with high voltage equipment must be observed.
COPYRIGHT
All rights reserved.
Registered trademark
® are registered trademark of Beijing sifang automation co., ltd.
CONTENTS
1. Introduction ................................................................................................................. 1
1.1 Application .................................................................................................................. 1
1.2 Features ....................................................................................................................... 1
1.3 Functions ..................................................................................................................... 2
2. Design .......................................................................................................................... 6
2.1 Mechanical structure .................................................................................................. 6
2.2 Dimensions.................................................................................................................. 6
3. Technical data ............................................................................................................. 8
3.1 General data ................................................................................................................ 8
3.2 Function data............................................................................................................. 12
3.2.1 Pilot protection.......................................................................................................... 12
3.2.2 Distance relay ............................................................................................................ 12
3.2.3 Zero-sequence element............................................................................................ 13
3.2.4 Directional overcurrent relay ................................................................................... 13
3.2.5 Overvoltage relay ...................................................................................................... 13
3.2.6 Undervoltage relay.................................................................................................... 13
3.2.7 Auto-reclosure .......................................................................................................... 13
3.2.8 Time element ............................................................................................................. 13
4. Hardware functions .................................................................................................. 14
4.1 Hardware arrangements ........................................................................................... 14
4.2 Operations of complete units .................................................................................. 14
5. Protection functions ................................................................................................. 17
5.1 Whole structure of protection program ................................................................. 17
5.2 The protection basic elements ................................................................................ 17
5.3 Monitoring function .................................................................................................. 26
5.4 Other logic of protection .......................................................................................... 31
5.5 Pilot protection.......................................................................................................... 33
5.6 FIVE zones distance protection .............................................................................. 39
5.7 Zero-sequencs current protection .......................................................................... 44
5.8 Direction over current protection ........................................................................... 48
5.9 Over voltage protection ........................................................................................... 50
5.10 Under voltage protection ......................................................................................... 50
5.11 Breaker failure protection ........................................................................................ 51
5.12 Autoreclose ............................................................................................................... 53
5.13 Switch-on-to-fault protection (SOTF) ..................................................................... 58
6. Installation and commissioning .............................................................................. 61
6.1 Unpacking & repacking ............................................................................................ 61
6.2 Mounting .................................................................................................................... 61
6.3 Check before power on ............................................................................................ 61
7. Operation ................................................................................................................... 62
7.1 Safety precautions .................................................................................................... 62
7.2 Dialog with the equipment ....................................................................................... 62
7.3 Setting the functional parameters........................................................................... 68
7.4 Annunciations ........................................................................................................... 82
7.5 Testing and commissioning .................................................................................... 86
7.6 Commissioning using primary tests ...................................................................... 95
7.7 Putting the equipment into operation..................................................................... 97
8. Maintenance .............................................................................................................. 99
8.1 Routine checks ......................................................................................................... 99
8.2 Replacing the back-up battery ................................................................................ 99
8.3 Fault tracing............................................................................................................... 99
8.4 Repairs ....................................................................................................................... 99
8.5 The notices during operation .................................................................................. 99
8.6 Manipulation after replacing software or CPU..................................................... 100
8.7 Manipulation after replacing software or MASTER module ............................... 100
8.8 Manipulation after replacing input or output module ......................................... 100
8.9 Manipulation after replacing AC module .............................................................. 100
8.10 Several illuminations .............................................................................................. 100
9. Storage ..................................................................................................................... 102
10. Ordering ................................................................................................................... 103
10.1 Selection and ordering data................................................................................... 103
10.2 Ordering data........................................................................................................... 103
11. Appendix .................................................................................................................. 104
A Terminal diagram ............................................................................................................... 104
B Connection to system diagram ..................................................................................... 105
C Introduction of analog .................................................................................................... 106
D Communication Protocol Tables ................................................................................... 108
CSC-101 EHV Transmission Line Protection Equipment Manual
1. Introduction
1.1 Application
CSC-101 EHV line protection applies to 220kV and higher voltage transmission
lines. The product consists of primary protection namely pilot protection using
distance relay, 5 zones distance protection, 4 stages zero sequence current
protection, overcurrent protection, overvoltage protection, undervoltage protection,
Circuit breaker failure protection and auto-reclosure etc.
Table 1 Main function and arrangement
Main function and arrangement

5 zones 4 stages
phases and Auto-
Type Distance Over Over Breaker
and inverse reclosur
pilot voltage current failure
ground time zero e
distance current
CSC-101/B ● ● ● ● ● ● ●
1.2 Features
The equipment have characteristics as follows：
• The microprocessor combined 32 bits DSP with MCU, high performance

hardware systems ensures the parallel real-time calculation in all components of
the equipment.
• Protective functions, man-machine interface and also communications functions

are completely separated in equipment. This improves the reliability and makes
debugging installation, maintenance and use easier.
• Internal module was intelligent designed so that a comprehensive real-time

self-inspection can be carried out.
• Double A/D sampling in analog circuit Acquisition, performing real time self-testing
for each other.
• New checking methods used for the relay detection can detect coil performance in
energized circuit of the relay, so detection and abnormal alarm for the relay have
-1-
been achieved.
• The equipment provides convenient automatic testing scheme in field, it can

achieve a comprehensive, perfect test.
• Fault wave recorder with great capacity, memory up to 4M bytes, can record full
process of any fault, and can save no less than 24 records. Optional data format or
wave format is provided when the records need to be printed, and also fault wave
recorder can be exported to serial port or Ethernet port by COMTRADE format.
• Event recorder can store operating reports, alarm reports, start reports and
general operation records, every kind of record isn‘t less than 2000 events, and is
memorized when power is off.
• The product can record protection operating process, logic flow and varied
calculation values that can be analyzed in whole process by analyzing software
CSPC developed by us. PC which installed this fault analyzing software, can
manipulate the protection system via series ports RS-232 on faceplate in front of
the equipment, and get various information such as recorded fault data and wave to
analyze.
• 2-channel high speed reliable electric Ethernet ports (optional optical fiber
Ethernet ports), 2-channel LonWorks ports, RS-485 port and series printing port are
provided; the user can select any of these according to the requirements. The
protocol supports IEC60870-5-103, IEC61850 or CSC-2000 of Sifang Company,
easy to interface with substation automatization system and protection
management information system.
• Liquid crystal display with backlight: Application to display various messages such
as current, voltage, power, frequency, strip state, setting zones etc. The menu is
easy to operate, and four shortcut keys are set to finish operation with one key for
local operator.
1.3 Functions
Pilot distance protection
Pilot distance protection is the primary protection for EHV line. It is applicable to
three kinds of channel pattern: blocking mode, permissive under reach mode and
permissive over reach mode. It consists of pilot directional distance element, pilot
directional zero- and negative-sequence element. Pilot directional distance element
is composed of directional phase to earth distance element and phase-phase
-2-
distance element.
Distance protection
Both phase to phase distance protection and phase to earth distance protection
are provided in CSC-101. This fast short-circuit protection protects the transmission
line and is a backup protection for the power system. This protection has four
settable zones; in addition, every zone can be switched over via binary settings.
In order to avoiding the maloperation of the distance protection, it is blocked when
VT is loss. The distance characteristic is polygonal.
● Power swing blocking
In 150ms after the sudden-change current startup element operates, or when
power swing startup element or Zero-sequencs current startup element operates,
the executing program will directly go into the logic part of power swing blocking.
For asymmetric faults detection element, Zero- and negative-sequence current can
distinguish fault from swing. The criterion is described as below.
|I0|>m1|I1| or I2>m2|I1|
For three-phase fault detection element, the method distinguishing fault from power
swing:
① Within time  , if R  K  Rmin（180 ，TZMAX ， ) is satisfied, it is determined that

fault occurs in power system.
② Within time  , if R  K  Rmin（180 ，TZMAX ， ) is satisfied, it is determined that

swing occurs in power system.
Zero-sequences current protection
This protection function is a backup protection for the transmission line and the
power system. The protection comprises 4 stages 3I0>. The Zero-sequences
current protection function can be applied to via binary settings. Every stage
direction can be enabled to via binary settings.
Inverse time zero current protection
Inverse time zero current protection can be on or off via binary settings. The
directional element can be enabled to via binary settings.Its characteristic is written
as below：
T _ factor
T  T_INV
Id
( )N 1
3I 0 _ INV
Id - fault current.
T_factor - Time factor of inverse time Zero-sequences current.
N - Index of inverse time Zero-sequences current.
3I0_INV - current setting of inverse time zero current.
T_ INV - delay time setting of inverse time zero current which can meet the
-3-
requirement that inverse time zero current co-operates with different protection.
Inverse curves can be obtained according to the following setting：
N=0.02 and T_factor=0.14 ─ Standard inverse (IEC Standard)；
N=1 and T_factor=13.5 ─ Very inverse；
N=2 and T_factor=80 ─ Extremity inverse.
Direction overcurrent protection
power system The overcurrent protection Function can be applied to via binary
settings. The overcurrent direction can be enabled to via binary settings.
Inverse time over current protection

Inverse time over current protection can be on or off via binary settings. The
directional element can be enabled to via binary settings. Its characteristic is written
as below：
Toc _ factor
Toc   Toc_INV
Id
( ) 1
Noc
Ioc _ INV
Id - fault current.
Toc_factor - Time factor of inverse time over-current.
N oc- Index of inverse time over -current.
Ioc_INV - current setting of inverse time over current.
Toc_ INV - delay time setting of inverse time over current which can meet the
requirement that inverse time over current co-operates with different protection.
N=0.02 and T_factor=0.14 ─ Standard inverse (IEC Standard)；
N=1 and T_factor=13.5 ─ Very inverse；
N=2 and T_factor=80 ─ Extremity inverse.
Overvoltage protection Uph-e>

The protection comprises 2 stages Uph-e >. The phase voltage is measured
directly at the VT. The overvoltage protection function can be applied to via binary
settings.
undervoltage protection Uph-e<
The protection comprises 2 stages Uph-e <. The phase voltage is measured
directly at the VT. The undervoltage protection Function can be applied to via binary
settings.
Breaker failure protection
In the event of a fault on the transmission line, the transmission line can remain
on line if the circuit –breaker is defective and could suffer substantial damage.
-4-
Breaker failure protection evaluates current component. Current component

include a maximum current I>.It can be started by internal protective tripping or
external via binary input.
Autoreclose
CSC-101 protection system is provided with autoreclose whose performance is
only to close the circuit breaker but not to select faulted phase and trip.
Four types of autoreclose mode are provided:
Single-phase autoclose：The faulted phase is tripped and then reclosed when
single-phase fault occurs, in the case of a multi-phase fault, three phases are
tripped, but reclosure is not performed.
Three-phase autoclose ： Three phases are tripped, and then reclosed
regardless of the fault types, whether single-phase fault or multi-phase fault.
Single- and three-phase autoclose：Single-phase tripping and reclosure are
performed if a single-phase fault occurs, while three-phase tripping and reclosure
are performed if a multi-phase fault occurs.
Autoclose exit：Autoreclose function is out of service, three phases are tripped
regardless of the fault types, but reclosure is disenabled. This mode must be set
when autoreclose is not used for a long time.
Fault and event recorder
In a protection unit, depending on the parameterization, the instantaneous
values are used. The maximum period of a disturbance recording depends on the
memory and sampling frequency. Within the buffer several disturbance records (up
to 8) can be stored consecutively. The number is dependent on the
parameterization and nature of the fault event data record.
A pre- and post trigger time and the triggering event (disturbance recording
start with activation or trip) is fixed.
The disturbance record data can be transferred to the substation automation
system or to a PC.
On-load measurement
The on-load measured values generated in the unit such as current, voltage,
phase angle, etc. can be displayed at the LCD or by means of a PC.
-5-
2. Design
2.1 Mechanical structure
The enclosure for equipment is 19 inches in width and 4U in height
according to IEC 60297-3.
● The equipment is flush mounting with panel cutout and cabinet.
● Connection terminals to other system on the rear.
● The front panel of equipment is aluminium alloy by founding in integer and

overturn downwards. LCD, LED and setting keys are mounted on the panel.
There is a serial interface on the panel suitable for connecting a PC.
● Draw-out modules for serviceability are fixed by lock component.
● The modules can be combined through the bus on the rear board. Both
the equipment and the other system can be combined through the rear interfaces.
Fig.1 CSC-101 protection equipment view
2.2 Dimensions
Dimension drawings for CSC-101 are shown in Fig 2.
-6-
Fig. 2 flush-mounted enclosure of CSC-101 with panel cutout

(dimensions in mm)
-7-
3. Technical data
3.1 General data
3.1.1 Analog input and output
Nominal Frequency 50 Hz
Current Inputs
Rated current IN 1 A or 5 A
Current Overload Capability per Current Input
-thermal (rms) 2IN－continuously；
10I N－10s；
40IN－1s；
Voltage Inputs
Rated Voltage uN 110/√3
Voltage Overload Capability in Voltage Path per Input
-thermal (rms) 1.2UN－continuously；
1.4UN－10s
3.1.2 Power supply
Voltage Supply
Rated auxiliary voltage 110V DC 220V DC
UDC
Permissible voltage 88V~121V 176V~242V
ranges
3.1.3 Binary inputs and outputs

Binary inputs
Variant Quantity
CSC-101 17(expand to 24)
Rated voltage range 24V/ 110V/ 220V DC
Binary outputs
Variant Trip contacts Quantity Alarm contacts Quantity
CSC-101 32 NO contacts 32NO contacts
Rated voltage range 24V/ 110V/ 220V DC
3.1.4 Communications interfaces
Operator Interface
local Connection type RS-232 Ethernet RS-485
-8-
Medium of connection electric electric electric

Type of connector DB25 RJ45 twisted-pair
Type of data transfer serial serial serial
Speed of communication 9600bps 10/100Mbps 9600bps~38400bps
Dielectric level III III III
Maximum cable length 10m 110m 1.2km
RS-232:Print see setting, see setting, fault
Functions supported by setting, fault fault report, report, waveform
this port report, waveform report
waveform report report
Rear port for 3 Ethernet 2 RS-485 2 Lonworks

substation automation
CSC2000 or CSC2000 or IEC CSC2000
IEC 60870-5-103 or IEC
Communication protocol
60870-5-103 or 61850
IEC 61850
Medium of connection optics/electric electric electric
Type of connector RJ45 twisted-pair twisted-pair
Speed of 10/100Mbps 9600bps~38400bps 78kbps
communication
Dielectric level III III III
Maximum cable length 110m 1.2km 1.3km
3.1.5 Other general data

Other General data of the equipments see table 3.
Table 3 General data of the equipments
No. Item Class/rated According Note
to standards
1 Environment conditions
1.1 Ambient temperature -10ºC~+55ºC
1.2 Extreme range of -25ºC~+70ºC
ambient temperature IEC 60255-6 ：
1.3 Atmospheric pressure 80～110kPa 1988 (GB/T
1.4 Operative ranges of 80％～110％UN 14047-1993
auxiliary energizing ，IDT )
quantities
1.5 Relative humidity ≤75%
1.6 Storage temperature -10℃～＋40℃
-9-
2 Rated parameters
2.1 Rated value of voltage 110V or 220V
2.2 Rated value of current 1A or 5A
2.3 Rated value of frequency 50Hz
3 Burden
3.1 rated burden • AC current DL/T 478-2001
circuit：≤ 1VA
• AC voltage circuit：
≤0.5A Specific
•DC power supply rating
circuit:：≤50W defined by
4 Thermal property Manufacturer
4.1 Thermal of short and • AC current DL/T 478-2001 in IEC
long time circuit： 60255-6
2IN－continuously；：1988
10I N－10s；
40IN－1s；
• AC voltage
circuit：
1.2UN －
continuously；
1.4UN－10s
5 Electrical insulation
5.1 Insulation resistance 100MΩ IEC 60255-5 ：
2000
(GB/T 14598.3
-2006,IDT)
5.2 Insulation resistance in 1.5MΩ DL/T 478-2001 No defined in
dry heat IEC60255-5
5.3 Dielectric voltage AC 2kV（Ui≥63V） IEC 60255-5 ： 500V was

/1kV（Ui<63V） 2000 defined for
(GB/T 14598.3 less then
-2006 63V in IEC
,IDT） 60255-5
5.4 Impulse voltage 5kV（Ui≥63V）/1kV
（Ui<63V）
6 Mechanical property
6.1 Vibration 1 class IEC60255-21-1
-10-
(GB/T
11287-2000
,IDT)
6.2 Shock 1 class IEC60255-21-2
6.3 Bump 1 class (GB/T
14537-1993
,IDT)
7 EMC
7.1 Burst disturbance 3 class： IEC 60255-22-1 Add
• common mode (GB/T 100kHz ，
2.5kV, 14598.13- harsh more
• differential mode 1998,IDT) IEC60255-2
1.0kV IEC 61000-4-12 2-1
7.2 ESD disturbance 4 class ： contact IEC 60255-22-2 Harsh more
-8kV (GB/T 14598.14 3 class of
-1998,IDT) IEC
IEC 61000-4-2 60255-22-2
7.3 Radiated 3 class：10V/m IEC 62505-22-3
electromagnetic (GB/T 14598.9
disturbance -2002,IDT)
IEC 61000-4-3
7.4 Fast burst disturbance 4 class： IEC60255-22-4 Harsh more
•communication (GB/T14598.10 3 class of
port --2kV； -1996,IDT) IEC
• others IEC 61000-4-4 60255-22-4
ports--4kV
7.5 Surge disturbance 4 class ： IEC 60255-22-5, Harsh more
•communication IEC 61000-4-5 3
port Class of IEC
--2kV； 60255-22 -5
• others ports --4kV
7.6 Conducted disturbance 3 class：10V IEC 60255-22-6
of RF IEC 61000-4-6
7.7 Power frequency 5 class ：100A/m IEC 61000-4-8 No defined in
magnetic field IEC60255-2
disturbance 2
7.8 Pulse frequency 5 class：1000A/m IEC 61000-4-9 No defined in
magnetic field IEC60255-2
disturbance 2
-11-
7.9 Damped oscillatory 5 class：100A/m IEC 61000-4-10 Actual up to

magnetic disturbance 120A/m ，
No defined
in IEC 60255
-22
7.10 interruptions in auxiliary 50ms GB/T
energizing quantities 8367-1987
(eqv
IEC60255-11）
IEC 61000-4-11
7.11 Electromagnetic IEC 60255-25
emission (GB/T14598.16
limits -2002,IDT)
8 safety
8.1 IP rating IP20 IEC 60529,
GB 16836-1997
8.2 Insulation cooperation Clearance IEC
and creepage 60255-5:2000
distance GB 16836-1997
8.3 Maximum temperature of According with the GB 16836-1997

material standard
8.4 Flammability of V 0 class IEC 60950
insulation materials GB 16836-1997
8.5 Protection against I class IEC 60536

Electric shock GB 16836-1997
9 Trip relay contact
9.1 Capacity of contact cut 50W
out
9.2 Current of long time 5A
3.2 Function data

3.2.1 Pilot protection
Operating time: permission mode ≤40ms. blocking mode ≤50ms.
3.2.2 Distance relay
a) Resistance setting range： 0.01Ω～40Ω(5A), 0.05Ω～200Ω(1A).
Reactance setting range： 0.01Ω～60Ω(5A), 0.05Ω～300Ω(1A).
b) Transient overreaching of zone 1 of distance relay：≤±5%
-12-
c) Operating time of zone 1 of distance relay:≤30ms when fault occurs within 0.7
times setting value
d) Measuring tolerance of fault locator (not including errors caused by factors
outside product): ≤+3% when fault current is greater than 0.01 In at metal fault,
error will become bigger when fault occurs with greater path fault resistance.
3.2.3 Zero-sequence element
a) Setting range：0.1In ～20In.
b) Forward direction operating stage of zero-sequence power directional element:
18°≤ arg(3I0/3U0) ≤180°
3.2.4 Directional overcurrent relay
a) Setting range：0.1In ～20In.
b) Measuring tolerance：≤±3%。
c) Forward direction operating stage of overcurrent power directional element:
-90°≤ arg（U/I） ≤30°
3.2.5 Overvoltage relay

a) Setting range：1V ～120V.
3.2.6 Undervoltage relay
a) Setting range：1V ～60V.
3.2.7 Auto-reclosure
a) Angle error of synchronization check：≤±3º
b) Voltage error of synchronization check：0.7 Un±3%；
c) Measuring tolerance of low voltage detector：0.3 Un±3%。
3.2.8 Time element
a) Setting range：0s～10s，error grade: 0.01s
b) Measuring tolerance of Setting ：≤±1.5% or 20ms
-13-
4. Hardware functions
4.1 Hardware arrangements
1 2 3 4 5 7 8 9 10 11
AC CPU CPU MASTER I O O O O POWER
relay
relay
manage
input1
output1
output2
output3
output4
Alternating
Current
45 20 20 40 20 40 20 20 20 35
Fig.4 Arrangement diagram of the CSC-101 system modules
4.2 Operations of complete units
CSC-101 is configured with 11 modules as shown in Fig.4 ， including AC

transformer module, protection CPU module, startup CPU module, master，input
module, output module 1，output module 2，output module 3，output module 4，
power supply module.
4.1.1 AC transformer module
The AC transformer module functions are to transform the secondary signals of

voltage and current transformers in power system into electric weak signals, and
perform isolation and anti-interference. The AC modules of CSC-101 are the
same, the wiring terminal at rear panel is X1. The principle outline of AC module
is shown in attached Fig.1. There are 9 analog signal transformers in CSC-101,
used respectively to transform UA、UB、UC、UX、IA、IB、IC 3I0 and IN. There are
two types of current transformer: Rated current 5A with linearity range 500mA～
150A and rated current 1A with linearity range 100mA～30A (please indicate
clearly when order the product). Please pay attention that IN‘ is the polarity
terminal while IN is not. Rated phase value of voltage transformer is fixed to
110/ 3 V.
-14-
4.2.2 CPU module
The Simplified principle diagram of CPU module is shown in Attached Fig.2.

Combined DSP with MCU, the 32-bit microprocessor with 1M bytes flash memory
and 64 bytes RAM is employed to run programs in chip completely, and keep the
data bus in a chip. There are two CPU modules in the CSC-101 system, where
CPU1 and CPU2, with the same software and hardware, can be distinguished by
different address. There are four groups slip stitches named AD3, AD2, AD1 and
AD0 at CPU handle side, and the symbols ―H‖ and ―L‖ marked at the side of slip
stitches represent high electric level and low electric level respectively and are
used to setup address. CPU1, which is named protection CPU module, mostly
performs sampling, A/D transform, transmission analog data and input
information, judgment of the protection theory, fault recorder and software and
hardware self-testing etc. CPU2, which is called startup CPU module, performs
the protection startup and block etc.
In order to backup data and test A/D by the protection itself, every AC analog
circuit is divided to two channels to be sampled two analog quantities such as Ia
and IaR for the current of phase A, Ib and IbR for the current of phase B. The
analog quantities with postfix –R such as IaR and IbR etc. are used to backup.
4.2.3 Management module
The simplified principle diagram is shown in Attached Fig.3. This module is a

management and communication module, and its wiring terminal is X3 at rear
panel. It carries out communication and information exchange between the
protection system and external equipments such as MMI, a PC, monitor and
control system, engineer station, RTU and printer etc, and transmits remote
metering, remote signaling, SOE, event reports and record data. According to
requirement, double LON net ports, three electric Ethernet ports (optional optical
Ethernet interface) and double RS485 ports can be set in master module to meet
different substation automation system and RTU. In addition, time
synchronization by GPS function can be also set to meet time regulation with
network mode or impulse mode. A series printer port is also reserved.
Note: Two groups of optical Ethernet can be selected according the user
requirement.
4.2.4 Input module
The input module 1 for CSC-101 is shown in Attached Fig.4，whose wring

terminal at rear panel is X4. It is used to connect the input signals and alarm
signals such as the auxiliary contacts of the circuit breaker (CB) etc.
-15-
The power supply of 24V energizing input module can be input directly,
another group input need to be connected, 220V or 110V power can be used.
4.2.5 Output module
CSC-101 is developed 4 output modules whose principle diagrams are

shown in Attached Fig.5. The wiring terminal of output module 1 at rear panel is
X7，that of module 2,3 and 4 are X8,X9 and X10 respectively. Output modules
mainly provide tripping contacts, pickup breaker failure protection, pickup auto
reclosure and alarm contacts etc, which can be output directly from modules with
great performance against interference.
4.2.6 Power supply module
The power supply module with DC inverters module wiring terminal at rear
panel is X11 as shown in Attached Fig.6. Its input power is DC 220V or 110V
(indication when ordered), and its outputs are five groups power supplies.
（1）＋24V two groups provided: Power for inputs and outputs module
（2）±12V: Power for A/D
（3）+ 5V: Power for all CPU
-16-
5. Protection functions
5.1 Whole structure of protection program
Software of CPU protection includes main program, sampling interruption service
routine and fault dealt routine.
Main program is running under normal operation to perform hardware self-testing,
setting solidified and transmission reports upward etc. Sampling interruption service
program is active in a sampling interval time to implement data sampled, wave record
and fault detected by sudden-change current etc. Whenever the fault detector
elements operate, fault dealt program is executed to run all protection logic and judge
CT circuit open or not etc. If any abnormal element is detected, a relevant alarm
signal and report will be given.
For the general alarm signals (Alarm II), only the signal is sent out to clue the
operator to examine and repair. For the serious alarm signal threatening the
protection security and reliability (Alarm I), once the signal is sent out, the protection
output circuit is blocked.
When fault occurs in power system, fault dealt program does not return to the main
program until it has finished all relevant protection functions to reach to meet the
conditions of the whole reset.
5.2 The protection basic elements
5.2.1 Startup element
Startup element mainly implements to detect fault, start the protection relay and
energize positive power supply for the output relay. Once startup element operates, it
does not reset until the all of action conditions entirely return.
Startup element includes current sudden-change startup, zero-sequence current
startup, over current startup, the loss of static stability startup, low-voltage startup
element in weak-source and autoreclose startup element. The fault dealt program is
picked up and the positive power supply for the output relay is energized when any
startup element operate.
5.2.1.1 Sudden-change current of phase-phase element — ΔIφφ
Sudden-change current phase-phase element is the main startup element that
can sensitively detect most of faults. Its criterion is as follows：
△ i> I_abrupt
or △ 3i0> I_abrupt
where △ i= || iK- iK-T|-| i K-T - iK-2T ||， means AB,BC or CA, K is the
current sampling timing，T＝24 samples per cycle，（K-T）is the sampling
timing before one cycle from timing K,（K-2T）the sampling timing before
two cycles from timing K,
Δ3i0 is sudden-change zero-sequence current value,
I_abrupt is the setting value of sudden-change current.
The sudden-change current element operates when any phase-to-phase
sudden-change current △ i or zero-sequence sudden-change current △ 3i0
continuously exceed the setting I_abrupt.
-17-
5.2.1.2 Zero-sequence current startup element

Besides sudden-change current startup element, zero-sequence current element
is also settled to solve the inadequate sensitive problem of sudden-change current
startup element at faults with high resistance (up to 100Ω for 220kV, up to 300Ω for
500kV). As an auxiliary startup element, it operates with 30ms delay. Its criterion is as
follows:
3I0 > 0.9*I0dz
Where：3I0 is three times zero-sequence current,
I0dz is the minimal value of the following values：
(1) the setting value of the fourth stage zero-sequence current,
(2) the setting value of inverse time zero current,
5.2.1.3 Overcurrent startup element
If overcurrent function is enabled, over current element is also settled to solve the
inadequate sensitive problem of sudden-change current startup element. As an
auxiliary startup element, it operates with 30ms delay. Its criterion is as follows:
Ia(b,c) > 0.9*Ioc
Where：Ia(b,c) is A(B,C)phase current,
Ioc is the minimal value of the following values：
(1) The setting value of the first stage overcurrent,
(2)The setting value of the second stage overcurrent,
5.2.1.4 The static stability breakage detector
To ensure the protection right operation in the loss of static stability state, the static
stability breakage detector is settled.
Its operating conditions are described as below.
(1) All currents of phase A, B and C are bigger than the current setting of ‖I_PS‖，
and the sudden-change current elements have not operated.
(2) All impedances of phase-to-phase AB, BC and CA enter into zone Ⅳof distance
relay, and the sudden-change current elements have not operated.
Any of the above conditions has been validated for 30ms, power system is regard
as the loss of static stability state, then, the startup element operates, the protection
program is switched to power swing blocking module, at the same time, ―Z STARTUP‖
or ―I_PS STARTUP‖ and ―RELAY STARTUP‖ are reported.
5.2.1.5 Lower voltage startup element (detailed in weak-source part)
When one end of the protected line is weak-source system, lower voltage can be
used to startup protection for permission mode. Its criterion: Single-phase voltage is
less than 30V or phase-to-phase voltage is less than 50V and the relay receives
signal.
5.2.1.6 Autoreclose startup element
Protection tripping and the contacts of CB can cause autoreclose. Detailed in
autoreclose part 5.16.
5.2.2 Phase selector
Using integrated phase selector detect various fault types, phase selector can pick
out fault phase for select-phase tripping.
-18-
Sudden-change-current phase selector is used at the beginning of fault after

sudden-change current startup, later, sequence fault components phase selector is
used. Both sudden-change-current phase selector and sequence fault components
phase selector are not applicable to weak-source system and feeder terminal line
where low voltage phase selector is employed.
5.2.2.1 Sudden-change-current phase selector
Sudden-change current phase selector employs phase-to-phase differential current
IAB, IBC and ICA to gain the fault phase by comparing the value of these currents.
The amplitude of phase-to-phase differential current IAB, IBC and ICA at different
faults are shown in Tab.5-1 below.（Where ―＋‖ means the bigger one，―＋＋‖ the
biggest one，―—‖ means the smaller one）
Table 5-1
Phase
A B C AB BC CA ABC
Slected
I
IAB ＋＋ — ＋＋＋＋＋＋
IBC — ＋＋＋＋＋＋＋＋
ICA ＋ — ＋＋＋＋＋＋＋
IAB, IBC and ICA can be sorted into the biggest, the bigger and the smaller,
then the fault selection result can be implemented according to Tab.5-1.
5.2.2.2 Sequence current phase selector
Steady state sequence current phase selector mainly uses the angle relation of
zero- and negative- sequence current to detect the fault phase with an additional
method based on phase-to-phase impedance debar.
Theoretical analysis have demonstrated that, compared with phasor I0a, I2a
locates at area of -30°～+30°when A-phase earth fault occurs or BC-phase earth
fault does with a smaller resistance, furthermore, I2a lags behind I0a close to 90°
with the resistance increasing. Six phasor areas can be divided according to the
angle relation of I2a/I0a as shown in Fig.5-1.
I0a
0 0
+30 AN,BCN -30
ABN BCN
0 0
+90 -90
CN,ABN BN,CAN
0 0
+150 CAN -150
Fig.5-1 Phasor areas of steady state sequence phase selector

（1）+30°～ -30° conforms to AN or BCN
-19-
（2）+90°～ +30° conforms to ABN

（3）+150°～ +90° conforms to CN or ABN
（4）-150°～ +150° conforms to CAN
（5）-90°～ -150° conforms to BN or CAN
（6）-30°～ -90° conforms to BCN
Corresponding phase-to-phase faults are affirmed directly in the above areas of
(2), (4) and (6). On the other hand, in phasor areas of (1), (3) and (5), there are
single-phase and phase-to-phase both fault types which are always independent to
each other and can be differentiated by phase-to-phase impedance calculation. If
phase-to-phase impedance is bigger than its setting, then phase-to-phase fault is
impossible, single-phase-ground fault can be confirmed, otherwise phase-to-phase
fault will be done.
5.2.2.3 Low voltage phase selector
Low voltage phase selector mainly meets phase selection of the relay fixed at
weak-source end where both of the above phase selectors can not select faulted
phase. If VT circuit does not open，low voltage phase selector can be put into
operation. Its criterion is as below.
a) Any one of phase voltage is less than 30V，and other two phases voltage are
larger than 50V，then the single phase with lower voltage is decided.
b) If phase-to-phase voltage is less than 30V，phase-to-phase fault is decided.
5.2.3 Distance element
Distance protection consists of measuring unit and directional unit.

5.2.3.1 Operating characteristics of distance element
Every zone of the distance element is of the polygonal characteristics as shown in
Fig.5-2. For 5 zones phase-to-phase distance relay, RDZ and XDZ of zone Ⅰ,
Ⅱ,Ⅲ,Ⅳ and Ⅴ is respectively set to R1_pp , R2_pp , R3_pp , R4_pp ,
R5_pp ,X1_pp、X2_pp , X3_pp, X4_pp and X5_pp. For 5 zones phase-to-ground
distance relay, RDZ and XDZ of zone Ⅰ, Ⅱ,Ⅲ,Ⅳ andⅤ is respectively set to R1_pe ,
R2_pe , R3_pe , R4_pe , R5_pe , X1_pe、X2_pe , X3_pe , X4_peand X5_pe ,.
Where XDZ is set according to the protected range and RDZ is set according to
avoiding load impedance (under general instance), which meets different
requirements to enhance the resistive tolerance to high path fault resistance for short
line and to improve the ability of avoiding load impedance for long line. The reactance
line of polygon is inclined to an obliquities‘ angle 7°
（as shown in Fig.5-2） to enhance
the ability to prevent the relay from overreaching at forward external faults.
When fault occurs after reclose or manual close, based on the characteristics
shown in Fig.5-2, the impedance operating characteristics is added a small rectangle
area including center of coordinates as shown in Fig.5-3. This is called
impedance-offset characteristics that can ensure that faults near the bus can be
reliably cleared. Zone 3 of distance element has offset characteristics when
three-phase fault occurs.
-20-
Fig.5-2 Fig.5-3
Fig.5 Operating characteristics of polygonal distance protection
The values in the small rectangle operation area are shown in Tab.5-2.
Tab.5-2
Setting X Minimum { XDZ/2, 0.5（In=5A）or 2.5（In=1A）}
Setting R Minimum {Maximum{ minimum （among 8 times
the abover X and RDZ/4）, 2 times the abover
X },RDZ}
Where XDZ is the reactance setting of relevant elements, RDZ is the resistance
setting of relevant elements.
5.2.3.2 Measuring unit of distance element

Based on differential equation arithmetic, measuring element calculates relevant
circuit impedance value with real-time voltage and current.
For single-phase-to-ground impedance：
d ( I  K X 3I 0 )
U＝L * +R *(I+Kr3I0)，= A, B, C.
dt
dI
For phase-to-phase impedance: U＝L + RI，=AB, BC, CA.
dt
Where Kx=(X0-X1)/ (3X1)，Kr=(R0-R1)/ ( 3R1).
Measuring resistance R and reactance X (X =ωL=2πfL) at relay location can be
obtained by means of calculating the above differential equations.
5.2.3.3 Directional unit of distance element
Special directional elements are set to resolve dead zone for distance protection
when fault occurs near the bus. For symmetric fault, the memory voltage that is the
pre-fault voltage is used to compare phasor with post-fault current to detect direction.
For asymmetric fault near the bus, negative-sequence directional element is taken as
directional element of distance relay. The operating conditions for distance relay are
as below: The forward directional element operates, and measuring impedance lies
within the setting polygon area.
5.2.4 Zero-sequence current directional unit
Zero-sequence current directional unit is composed of forward and reverse
-21-
directional elements whose operation areas are shown in Fig.5-4. The threshold of
forward directional element can be set while that of reverse directional element can
not, whose sensitivity is automatically higher than forward element, and threshold is
0.625 times that of the forward element.
. .
Area of forward directional element is 18°≤arg（3 I 0/3 U 0）≤180°
. .
Area of reverse directional element is -162°≤arg（3 I 0/3 U 0）≤0°
Фlm
forward
81° 81°
18°
3U0
reverse
Fig.5-4 Operation area of zero-sequence current directional element

a） Criterion of forward directional element is as below.
Directional element lies in the forward directional operation area and
3I0>3I0DZ.
Where 3I0DZ is the setting of inverse time zero-sequence current, and the setting
values of stage I～IV of zero-sequence current 3I01, 3I02, 3I03 and 3I04.
b) Criterion of reverse directional element is as below.
Directional element lies in the reverse directional operation area and
3I0>0.625*3I0DZ.
The zero-sequence directional element employs the 3U0 that is obtained by
software summing three-phase voltage, minimum value 3u0 is 1V.
5.2.5 Negative-sequence directional element
Negative-sequence directional element is taken as condition of enabling

impedance directional element for asymmetric faults. Operation area is shown in
Fig.5-5.
. .
Area of forward directional element is 18°≤arg （3 I 2/3 U 2）≤180°,
. .
Area of reverse directional element is -162°≤arg（3 I 2/3 U 2）≤0°.
-22-
Фlm
forward
81° 81°
18°
3U2
reverse
Fig.5-5 Operation area of negative-sequence directional element
5.2.6 Opening element of power swing blocking
Power system is impossible to begin swing within 150ms after sudden-charge

current startup element operating, therefore, during this time, all distance relays are
settled to take on action, and power swing block need not be enabled. After the
setting of ―T_PS NO BLOCKING‖, all distance relays are settled to take on action, and
power swing block need not be enabled. After 150ms or the protection startup by loss
of static stability or zero-sequence current, the distance relay must be enabled by fault
detector to prevent mistake trip during power swing.
Fault detectors of power swing blocking are different for asymmetric faults and
three-phase fault.
5.2.6.1 Asymmetric faults detection element
Zero- and negative-sequence current can distinguish fault from swing. The criterion
is described as below.
|I0|>m1|I1| or I 2>m2|I 1|
Where m1 and m2 ensure that, during power swing, the mal-operation of the
distance protection is not caused when external fault occurs under the most
disadvantageous conditions of power system but asymmetric faults detection element
can be operates when internal asymmetric fault occurs.
When power swing happens, I0 and I 2 are close to zero, it is impossible for the
above formula to come into being. When power swing and external fault occur, the
smaller fault component current at the relay location can‘t meet the above formula.
When power swing and internal fault occur, I0 and I 2 will be big enough to meet the
above formula. To keep the protection from mistake trip caused by the imbalance
output of zero- and negative-sequence current when the external fault is removed, the
protection has to operate in a certain short time delay.
5.2.6.2 Three phase fault detection element
a) During power swing, measuring resistance or measuring impedance at the
relay location is continuously changing with time, and sometimes the change is
slow, sometimes the change is intensive, the change rate is decided by swing
-23-
period and the machine angle  . Curve 1 and curve 2 in Fig.5-6-(a) are the
trajectories of measuring resistance changing with time, where Rf is load
resistance component and Tz is swing period. Whether the trajectory of
measuring impedance is a line or a circular arc on R-X plane during power swing,
is decided by electromotive force of both terminals equivalent system, as shown
in Fig.5-6-(b).
Rm(t)
1 2 jX
Rf
t Zm
0
R
0
Tz
（a）（b）
(a) measuring resistance Rm changing with time （b）the track of measuring

impedance on R-X plane
Fig.5-6 The trajectory of measuring impedance during power swing
Rm(t)
Rf
Rk
O t
t1 t2 t3
Fig.5-7 The trajectory of pre- and post-fault measuring resistance changing with
time
b) When fault occurs on the protected line, resistance component of measuring
impedance maybe changes due to electric arc elongated, but analysis and
calculation show that changing rate of arc resistance is far less than that of
resistance corresponding to the possibly biggest swing period noted up to the
present. After short circuit, measuring resistance is resistance RK of short circuit,
whose value hardly changes or almost keeps invariability, as shown in Fig.5-7.
The rule of measuring impedance is also similar.
Contrasting Fig.5-6 with Fig.5-7, it can be seen that power system is determined
to be in the swing state if measuring resistance is always changing and exceeds a
threshold value in a period of time. Therefore, the least change of resistance is looked
-24-
over during power swing. It can be known from analyzing Fig.5-6 that the instance of
the least change of measuring resistance occurs in the following conditions.
（1）near  ＝180°
（2）the digest swing period TZMAX.
And then, enlarge this part track of resistance change to be shown in Fig.11.
Rm
TZMAX swing curve
 ＝180°
Rmin
t
 /2

Fig.5-8The instance of the least change of measuring resistance

It can be known from Fig.5-8 that a minimum changing resistance Rmin（180 ，TZMAX ， ) is
obtained corresponding to a time  , in this way, for any swing period and any time period  , all
exist: R  Rmin（180 ，TZMAX ， ) . Therefore, consider error and protection margin, take the
following formula as criterion detecting swing.
R  K  Rmin（180 ，TZMAX ， )
（1）
Reliable coefficient K is a less than 1. Surely, also consider equivalent system impedance Z S 
for (1). And, for a different regulated time , the corresponding Rmin（180 ，TZMAX， ) can be
calculated.
Concluding the above analysis, we can reason the method distinguishing fault from power
swing:
① Within time  , if R  K  Rmin（180 ，TZMAX ， ) is satisfied, it is determined that fault
occurs in power system.
② Within time  , if R  K  Rmin（180 ，TZMAX ， ) is satisfied, it is determined that swing
occurs in power system.
When fault occurs, it is possible that formula (1) is satisfied due to time  too small, however,
 can be increased to relax the restrained condition R  K  Rmin（180 ，TZMAX ， ) , and to
make use of it to identify fault gradually.
c) When fault suddenly occurs on the protected line, if the angles between two
sources do not reach 180°, or three-phase fault occurs outside the swing center, the
magnitude and angle of pre- or post-fault impedance must have great sudden change.
Based on this character, distance element can be enabled quickly when three-phase
fault occurs in power system without serious swing or under the conditions that swing
does not occur after protection pickup for 150ms.
-25-
5.3 Monitoring function
5.3.1 Software monitoring
5.3.1.1 Loss of measure voltage detection
Interruptions in the secondary circuits of voltage transformers is detected and delay

reported by the device. Two criteria are set to detect VT circuit opened and both of
them have delay time. Only under normal operation and without any element startup,
they are put into operating. Hardly does the circuit-opened detector stop operating
when any startup element operates, and it is not enabled until all system reset.
Criterion a ： The sum of three phase voltages is not equal to
. . .
zero, U a  U b  U c >7V（r.m.s）.
This is used to detect one phase or two phases‘ circuit opened.
Criterion b：When VT is connected to bus, if any phase voltage Ua, Ub or Uc is
less than 8V，VT circuit has been broken confirmedly.
When VT is connected to line, if any phase voltage Ua, Ub or Uc is less than
8V, and any phase current is larger than 0.04In or circuit breaker(CB) is in the closed
state，VT circuit can be also confirmed to be broken.
The additional current condition of criterion b is to avoid undesired alarms before
CB is switched on when VT is on the line side. The additional condition which CB is in
the closed state is to avoid that the system can be unable to give an alarm in case of
loss of voltage for three phases when the line current is too small (for example, CB
lying at another terminal of the line is off).
When VT circuit is opened, and all distance units, negative sequence directional
unit, sudden-change directional element, directional over current unit and zero current
units with direction are forbidden to operate. ―VT Fail‖ is reported after delaying
―T_VT fail alarm‖, Measure voltage will be continuously supervised in order that
each element can be automatically put into the operation again as soon as the voltage
returns to the normal.
-26-
Relay startup
Binary of
“VT Fail”
3U0 >7V &

AND2 T_VT fail VT FAIL
&
AND1
NO DI“CB
OPEN”
≥1
OR1
≥1
VT_bus OR2
& &
Relay test AND3 AND5
Ia(b,c) >
0.04In
&
AND4
Ua(b,c) < 8V
Figure - Logic of VT Fail
5.3.1.2 CT failure/current unbalance
To prevent the relay from wrong trip, interruptions in the secondary circuits of
current transformers is detected and reported by the device. When the zero-sequence
current is always larger than the setting value of I04 for 12s, ―CT Fail‖ will be reported
and each zone of zero-sequence current protection will be blocked.
5.3.1.3 Double A/D redundancy check
To efficiently prevent the system from mal-operation in the condition of damaged

hardware, double A/D redundancy design is implemented. By means of comparing
double A/D circuit with each other to supervise sampling circuit in a good or bad
condition on real time, damaged hardware can be detected and the protection can be
blocked in time.
-27-
5.3.1.4 Check Phase-sequence for voltage and current
In normal condition of power system, whether AC circuits of three phases are

connected in right sequence or not can be distinguished by phasor comparison of
three phases current and voltage. If they are in abnormal sequence, ―3-PH SEQ Err‖
will be reported.
5.3.1.5 Check 3I0 polarity
By comparing value and phasor of calculational 3I0 ( I A  IB  IC ) with that of 3I0
external connected, whether the polarity of external 3I0 is connected in reverse or not
can be differentiated, if it is in reverse, ―3I0 Reverse‖ will be reported.
5.3.1.6 Check the third harmonic of voltage
If the third harmonic voltage exceeds 4V, ―Harmonic Alarm‖ will be reported with
10s delay time, but the protection is not blocked.
5.3.1.7 Line reference voltage check
Under the automatic reclosure condition of three-phase mode or a single and

three-phase mode, if there is current through line or not input of auxiliary tripping
contact of CB, which indicates CB is in the close state. The following methods can
check the line voltage in good condition.
When ―AR_check Syn‖ or ―AR_check low U‖ is set for automatic reclosure
modes ， if the voltages between both sides of CB can not meet the setting
synchronism condition, which is confirmed with 14s delay time, ―SYN Voltage Err‖ is
reported. The system supervises extractive voltage on real time.
5.3.1.8 Check auxiliary contact of circuit breaker(CB)
If there is input signal of auxiliary contact of CB, and corresponding phase has
current, which is confirmed with 2s delay time, ―CB OpenA(B or C) Err ‖ is reported.
5.3.1.9 Overload alarm
The system supervises load flow on real time. If all three phase current are always
greater than the setting of ―I_OverLoad‖ for the setting of ―T_OverLoad‖, ―Overload‖ is
reported.
5.3.1.10 Broken conductor
The system supervises load flow on real time. If negative current is greater than the
setting of ―3I2_BROKEN COND‖ for ―T_BROKEN COND‖, ―BROKEN CONDUCTOR‖
is reported. The following is BROKEN CONDUCTOR Logic figure.
-28-
DI “CB
OPEN A-
PHASE”
DI “CB
=1
OPEN B- OR1
PHASE”
DI “CB
OPEN B-
PHASE”
3I2>3I2_BR &
AND1
OKEN COND
Broken
BROKEN &
AND2 T_ BROKEN COND Conductor
COND_Alarm
Alarm
BROKEN & Broken

AND3
T_Tirp_ BROKEN
COND_Trip Conductor Trip
Figure - Logic of broken conductor
5.3.1.11 Polar disaccord protection
The polar disaccord protection checks the state of the breaker. If the state of the
breaker is inconsistent, polar disaccord protection will permanent trip. The following
figure shows the logic of polar disaccord protection.
POL DIS
ENABLE
CB OPEN A
CB OPEN B ≥ & Permenent

T_PD
OR-1 AND-2 trip
CB OPEN C
CB OPEN A
CB OPEN B &
AND-1
CB OPEN C
Fig. CSC-101 polar disaccord protection logic
-29-
5.3.1.12 Check for the illogicality of setting
a) In function of pilot protection such as < Blocking mode>, < POR mode > and < PUR
mode >, if any two kinds of these three modes are put into operation at the same time,
―Pilot FUNC Alarm‖ is alarmed.
b) In function of automatic recolsure of equipment, if any two kinds of modes are put
into operation at the same time among < AR_No check >, < AR_check low U > and <
AR_check Syn >, ―AR FUNC ALARM‖ is alarmed. In function of automatic recolsure
of equipment, if any two kinds of modes are put into operation at the same time
among < AR_1p mode >, < AR_3p mode >, <AR_exit mode> and < AR_1p_3p
mode >, ―AR FUNC ALARM‖ is alarmed.
c) Choose VT mode, If two kinds of modes are put into operation at the same time <
VT_line >and < VT_bus>, ―VT CHOICE Alarm‖ is alarmed. If for < VT_line >and <
VT_bus> is not put into operation, relay is put into operation for < VT_bus>.
d) In function of distance protection, Z4 put into operation , if two kinds of modes are
put into operation at the same time < Reverse_Z4 >and < Forward_Z4 >, ―Z4 Chioce
Alarm‖ is alarmed.
e) In function of distance protection, Z5 put into operation , if two kinds of modes are
put into operation at the same time < Reverse_Z5>and < Forward_Z5 >, ―Z5 Chioce
Alarm‖ is alarmed.
f) In function of distance protection, Z5 put into operation , at the same time if< Z1
EXTN_FUNC >are put into operation, ―Z1 Extn Err‖ is alarmed.
5.3.1.13 Check of the CSC-101 relay system
a) CPU module check. CPU module performs self-testing to its memories, analog
channels and program during power on, parts of the above are checked by itself in
real time during the system running. If any of them is confirmed to be incorrect,
alarm will be given, and the protection will be blocked.
b) The sampled data can be checked with each other in real time due to the
redundancy of double A/D channel for one analog quality. If the difference between
two channels exceeds the setting limit, one of the double channels is regarded as
fault one.
c) Each I/O plug-in module performs self-testing during power-up and real-time
self-tests. Self-testing checks input channel, output channel, memories and code
areas etc. Self-testing of input channel is performed by bit changing simulation.
Self-testing of output channel includes coil tests and outer circuit tests. The tests
are very thorough with wide range, if any failure is confirmed, alarm is given.
d) Real-time self-testing of communication ports. CPU module and MASTER
module perform real-time self-tests of communication among all kinds of function
modules. When interrupt communication is detected, alarm is given.
e) MASTER plug-in module performs self-testing at power-up and real-time
self-testing that check memories, program areas and relevant communication
with the outside. If any abnormal event is detected, alarm will be given. The
setting and strap messages stored in this module are checked with each other.
f) Real-time supervision for DC power supply.
g) CRC checks for the setting etc.
-30-
5.3.2 The conditions of relay reset
When all the following conditions have been meet for 5s, the whole relay resets
from fault dealt program.
a) Six kinds of impedance are outside the 5 zone of impedance.
b) Zero-sequencs current is less than the setting of Zero-sequencs current startup
value.
c) All three-phase currents are less than the setting ―I_PS‖ of loss of static
stability.
5.4 Other logic of protection
5.4.1 Logic after tripping
After tripping commands sent out, the current of tripping phase is in the supervision.
When tripping phase has not current, the protection system considers that CB has
been opened. If tripping phase always has current, the system output three-phase trip
signal with 150ms delay. That is to say, if tripping phase always has current during
150ms after single-phase trip signal output, which indicates CB not tripping, then,
three-phase trip signal is output. After this, if any phase current lasts 150ms,
three-phase final tripping command is issued. Later, if CB still in close state lasts 5s,
three-phase final tripping failure alarm will be sent out, and the whole relay will reset.
Trip command will be withdrawal as soon as fault is cleared. To ensure that CB trips
reliably, withdrawal command is impossible to be considered within 40ms after trip
command sent out.
When there is no current flowing for the setting of ―Relay reset‖ after the output of
trip command, the program routine jumps to the whole relay reset.
After tripping command output, the sending signal command (for permissive mode)
does not return until tripping command has been withdrawal for 120ms in order to
ensure the pilot protection of both terminals to operate reliably.
5.4.2 Protection logic after one phase trip
Element DI2, which calculates phase-phase sudden-change current of the

operation phases, is taken as startup element after one phase trip. The criteria of
forward and reverse directional element of pilot distance relay for developing faults
are different with that of full phase operation.
The criteria of forward directional element are:
a) Sudden-change directional element of operation phases detects forward fault.
b) Any one of the operation phase-to-ground impedance or operation
phase-to-phase impedance locates in the forward operating area of distance
relay.
If forward element has acted, pilot protection sends out permissive signal, and if
permissive signal from the remote terminal, tripping command will be sent.
The criteria of reverse directional element are:
a) Sudden-change directional element of operation phases detects reverse fault.
b) Any one of the operation phase-to-ground impedance or operation
-31-
phase-to-phase impedance locates in the reverse operating area of distance

relay.
If reverse element operates, pilot protection sends out blocking signal,
therefore, after one phase trip, it is impossible for this protection to trip three
phases mistakenly when faults occurs on adjacent line.
5.4.3 Reverse directional elements
Impedance directional element is set forward directional element. The threshold of

forward directional element can be set while that of reverse directional element need
not whose sensitivity is automatically higher than forward element.
Notice that the settings of impedance of two terminals of a line must be same when
the relay is set to blocking mode.
The usage of the reverse directional element is as follows.
a) Pilot protection send signal with 40ms delay time when the directional elements
change from reverse direction to forward direction. It prevents relay wrong tripping
when zero- or negative- sequence power reversing flow during external faults
cleared.
b) In the protection logic for weak-source system, only all the forward and reverse
directional elements do not operate, the send signal element using low-voltage
could be put into operation.
5.4.4 Protection schemes for feeder
If one side of the line is feeder, when forward fault for the relay at feeder side occurs,
the fault characters are no longer same as that of two side source system. To perform
selective tripping function for a line with feeder, feeder tripping of pilot protection must
be put into operation.
If feeder function is enabled, CSC-101 can fit the following conditions.
When internal faults occur, the local relay sends out permissive signal (permissive
mode) in order that the relay at power source side trips quickly. The relay at
weak-source side can correctly perform selective trip.
Phase selector of the relay at weak-source end can meet the phase-selection
requirements for line faults, and the relay can correctly perform selective trip. Even if
faults occur on load terminal line, the relay can either send out tripping command
quickly and exactly or select fault phase correctly.
5.4.4.1 Logic of low-voltage pickup
When sudden-change current startup element does not pick up, if feeder function is
enabled, relay starts up under the following conditions.
a) Voltage is lower than 30V.
b) Receiving signal.
After pickup, the feeder relay will send signal (for permissive mode) quickly and
extend the signal 120ms to ensure the relay at power source side to trip quickly.
-32-
5.4.4.2 The relay trip logic at feeder
At feeder side, if the relay have picked up and the following conditions are satisfied,
the relay of permissive mode sends permissive signal. If the setting of the relay at
feeder is enabled, the relay can trip after confirming permissive signal.
a) At least one phase voltage or phase-phase voltage is less than 30V.
b) Both the forward and reverse directional elements do not operate.
c) Pickup time is less than 200ms.
d) Not receiving blocking signal for 25ms or receiving permissive signal for 5ms.
Relay will give the event report of ―weak send signal‖ for permissive mode,
5.4.5 Reversing power flow
Directional elements of pilot protection stop signal with 40ms delay time and
confirms to trip when the directional elements change from reverse direction to
forward direction to prevent wrong tripping caused by zero- or negative- sequence
power reversing flow during external faults cleared.
5.5 Pilot protection

It is applicable to three kinds of channel pattern: blocking mode, permissive under
reach mode and permissive over reach mode.
5.5.1Blocking mode
The reverse directional element controlled sending signal for blocking mode.
Every side device is only to receive the command signal from the remote.
Fig.5-9 is the logic diagram for the protection with blocking mode.
5.5.1.1 Fault logic
a) Internal fault
<Startup element>operates, relay trip for meeting following condition.
1)、Instantaneous trip if Zone 1 Operation
2)、Zone 2 + No blocking Signal from Remote end for 25ms.
b) External Fault
Operation of Zone 4 sends blocking signal to remote end, although the remote
relay detects forward direction, it receives blocking signal, therefore, both end does
not trip breaker.
c) Power flow reversing for external fault
The method to resolve this problem for the relay is that the relay stop
sending blocking signal with 40ms delay time when the directional element
operates from the reverse to the forward. Both sides of Relay trip that relays
haven‘t receiving blocking signal after confirming with 25ms.
-33-
Relay
startup
&
AND-1
Relay reset & CARR Send

AND-4 signal
Zone 4
(reverse )
operation &
AND-5
Zone 2 &
operation AND-2
CARR &
Received Trip single
& AND-6
AND-3
Delay time
25ms
Single
fault
& Trip three
Multiphase
AND-7 phase
fault
Three phase & Permenent
fault AND-8 trip
Fig.5-9 CSC-101 pilot protection for blocking mode logic
5.5.2 Pilot protection logic for permissive mode
5.5.2.1 Overreach permissive
CSC-101 pilot distance protection logic for overreach permissive mode is shown in
Fig.5-10-a. CSC-101 pilot zero sequence current protection logic is shown in
Fig.5-10-b.
When internal fault occurs, the startup elements and zone 2 can operate,
permissive signal is sent out to the remote to permit the remote trip. If it is external
fault that occurs on line, the forward directional element of one end of the line
operates and does not receive permissive signal while that of another end of the line
does not operate and receive permissive signal, therefore, both ends can‘t trip.
a) Internal fault
2)、Zone 2 + permission Signal from Remote end for 5ms.
Zone 2 operates that permissive signal is sent out to the remote.
b) External Fault
Because the directional element near fault detects reverse direction, it does not
-34-
send permissive signal to the remote. Although the remote relay can send signal, it
cannot receive the remote permissive signal, therefore, both of two sides do not trip.
The method to resolve this problem for the relay is that the relay sends signal with
40ms delay time when the directional element operates from the reverse to the
forward to avoid the period in which both sides are forward direction, and then both
sides trip after sending signal is confirmed with 15ms delay when internal fault occurs
again.
d) Protection schemes for feeder
The binary setting ―Feeder_FUNC‖ is enabled.
（1）For feeder end, sudden-change current startup element cannot operates, the
logic of the low voltage is startup:
If the relay at feeder end receives the remote permissive signal and <low
voltage element> operates, relay startup.
（ 2 ） For feeder end, sudden-change current startup element operates, the
operating logic of the relay is as below.
Within 200ms after protection pickup, if <low voltage element> operates, both the
forward and reverse directional element at feeder end do not operate, and the
permissive signal has been received for 5ms, 《sending signal》 lasted for 120ms to
ensure the relay at power source end trips quickly. feeder end can also trip.
e) The protection is not picked up, receives the remote signal < CARR
RECIEVED > and there are < CB OPEN A(B,C)-PHASE >, 《send signal》 can be
done for 200ms to ensure the remote pilot protection operates reliably.
-35-
Relay
startup
&
AND-1
Relay reset & ≥ CARR Send

AND-4 OR-2 signal
Zone 2
operation
&
Delay time AND-5
5ms &
& AND-2
CARR AND-3
Received & Trip single
AND-6
Single fault
& Trip three
Multiphase AND-7 phase
fault
Three & Permenent
phase fault AND-8 trip
& |0 120|
AND-9
Low voltage
CB OPEN A- ≥
PHASE OR-1
&
CB OPEN B- & AND- |0 200|
AND- 11
PHASE 10
CB OPEN C-
PHASE
Fig.5-10 -aCSC-101 pilot distance protection for overreach permission mode logic
When internal fault occurs, the startup elements and stage 1 of zero sequence
current can operate, permissive signal is sent out to the remote to permit the remote
trip. If it is external fault that occurs on line, the forward directional element of one end
of the line operates and does not receive permissive signal while that of another end
of the line does not operate and receive permissive signal, therefore, both ends can‘t
trip.
a) Internal fault
1)、send signal if stage 1 of zero current Operation
2)、Stage 1 of zero current Operation + permission Signal from Remote end for the
setting of ―T01‖.
b) External Fault
-36-
Relay
startup
&
AND-1
Relay reset
& CARR (DEF)
Stage 1 AND-3 Send
operation
POR Enabled ≥1
OR-1 & |0 Permenent
PUR Enabled AND-4 T01| trip
CARR (DEF) &
AND-2
Received
Fig.5-10-b CSC-101 pilot zero sequence current protection logic
5.5.2.2 Under reach permissive
CSC-101 pilot protection logic for under reach permissive mode is shown in
Fig.5-11.
When internal fault occurs, the startup elements and zone 1 can operate,
permissive signal is sent out to the remote to permit the remote trip. If it is external
fault that occurs on line, the forward directional element of one end of the line
operates and does not receive permissive signal while that of another end of the line
does not operate and receive permissive signal, therefore, both ends can‘t trip.
a) Internal fault
2)、Zone 2 + permission Signal from Remote end for 5ms.
Zone 1 operates that permissive signal is sent out to the remote.
b) External Fault
The method to resolve this problem for the relay is that the relay sends signal with
40ms delay time when the directional element operates from the reverse to the
forward to avoid the period in which both sides are forward direction, and then both
sides trip after sending signal is confirmed with 15ms delay when internal fault occurs
again.
d) Protection schemes for feeder
The binary setting ―Feeder_FUNC‖ is enabled.
（1）For feeder end, sudden-change current startup element cannot operates, the
logic of the low voltage is startup:
If the relay at feeder end receives the remote permissive signal and <low
-37-
voltage element> operates, relay startup.

（ 2 ） For feeder end, sudden-change current startup element operates, the
operating logic of the relay is as below.
Within 200ms after protection pickup, if <low voltage element> operates, both the
forward and reverse directional element at feeder end do not operate, and the
permissive signal has been received for 5ms, 《sending signal》 lasted for 120ms to
ensure the relay at power source end trips quickly. Feeder end can also trip.
e) The protection is not picked up, receives the remote signal < CARR
RECIEVED > and there are < CB OPEN A(B,C)-PHASE >, 《send signal》 can be
done for 200ms to ensure the remote pilot protection operates reliably.
Relay
startup
&
AND-1
Relay reset & ≥ CARR Send

AND-4 OR-2 signal
Zone 1
operation
Zone 2 &
operation AND-5
Delay time &

5ms & AND-2
AND-3
CARR & Trip single
AND-6
Received
Single fault
& Trip three
Multiphase AND-7 phase
fault
Three & Permenent
phase fault AND-8 trip
& |0 120|
AND-9
Low voltage
CB OPEN A- ≥
PHASE OR-1
&
CB OPEN B- & AND- |0 200|
AND- 11
PHASE 10
CB OPEN C-
PHASE
Fig.5-11 CSC-101 pilot protection for under reach permission mode logic
Pilot direct trip function
The pilot protection has input of ―B B/CBF OPTD‖ or CBF operation, it will give output
―Direct trip send‖ for 200ms. If it has input of ―Direct trip RECV‖, it will give output
-38-
―Direct trip RECV‖.

Input Output
BB/CBF OPTD
≥ Direct trip
OR-1 send
CBF OPTD
Direct trip Direct trip

RECV RECV
5.6 FIVE zones distance protection

The distance relay consists of 5 zones phase-to-phase and 5 zones
phase-to-earth distance elements, which is applied to remove phase-to-phase fault
and single phase-to-earth fault.
Zone 1, zone 2, zone 3, zone 4 and zone 5 of distance relay are controlled
respectively to be on or off by the binary setting. Zone 4 and Zone 5 of distance relay
can be set to operate in forward or reverse direction.
5.6.1 Some introductions of the program logic of the distance protection
5.6.1.1 Power swing blocking
After the sudden-change current startup element operates, the protection

switches the executing program to the fault processed part, the distance
measurement element is instantaneously opened for 150ms. Within 150ms, zone
1, zone 2, zone 3, zone 4 and zone 5 of distance relay are fixedly put into
operation. The sudden-change current startup element operates after 150ms, or
when the loss of static stability startup element or Zero-sequencs current startup
element operates, before the setting of ―T_PS NOBLOCKING‖, the executing
program will directly go into the logic part of power swing blocking. In this period,
four zones of distance relay must be enabled by fault detector of power swing
blocking, that is, asymmetry faults are detected by asymmetry fault detector,
three phase fault is detected by the impedance change rate detector（dR/dt）.
Five zones of distance relay are controlled by the setting to be selected
whether they are blocked during power swing. If the setting is set ―off‖, five zones
of distance relay are put into operation without blocking all the time during power
swing.
During power swing, there is a special program module to detect whether
power swing quiets down or not, that is, if all Zero-sequencs current elements,
Power swing current detection element and six impedances of five zones of
distance relay don‘t operate, after the setting of ‖Relay reset‖, the whole system
resets.
-39-
5.6.1.2 Logic after one phase trip
In the logic of after one phase trip, if the following conditions are satisfied, zone 1
of distance relay will trip：
(1)Sudden-change current element ΔI2 (it is change that phase-phase current of
operation two phases)based on operation phases starts.
(2)ΔI2 directional element detects forward fault.
(3)Any of impedance of operation phase-to-earth or operation phase-to-phase is
located within the protected range of zone 1 of distance relay.
5.6.1.3 STUB PROT logic
The distance relay exits after loss of measure voltage, and at the same time, the
measure voltage of VT is monitored continually. Once the voltage comes to the
normal, the distance relay will be automatically put into operation again. After loss
of measure voltage, phase over current and zero-sequence current protection
can be used. Their setting can be set independently, but they use a common time
delay setting.
Ia(b,c)>Ioc_
T_VT fail
VT Fail
“OC_VT fail”
3I0>3I0_VT ≥
T_VT fail OR-1
Fail Permenent
&
AND-1 trip
VT fail
≥
OR-2
STUB PROT
ENABLE
5.6.1.4 Fault location
Relay give Fault location after relay trip. Fault location is calculated according to
fault phase. If relay select three phase fault or select phase failure, relay will calculate
AB phase impedance.
5.6.1.5 Fault location about mutual compensation
For the double line, relay need consider mutual inductance, so relay fetches in the
zero sequence current of the other line. It is ―IN(mutual)‖ of AC module of
equipment.
For single phase fault, the following is formula that impedance calculates.
-40-
U A ( B ,C )
Z=
I A( B ,C )  ( K R  jK X ) * 3I 0  jK m * IN
For single line : Km＝0；
For double line : Km＝X0m/3X1, it only consider reactance. X0m is reactance of
mutual inductance, 3X1 is reactance of this line.
5.6.2 Function of the distance relay as shown in Tab.5-4
Tab. 5-4
Item
binary setting
Trip mode trip control
―Z_PS blocking‖
Zone
Blocked / the setting
Zone 1 Select phase trip
unblocked of― Z1_FUNC‖
Zone 2 Trip_no AR
Zone 3 Trip_no AR
Zone 4 Trip_no AR
Zone 5 Trip_no AR
Blocked / the setting of―Z1
Zone 1 EXTN. Select phase trip
unblocked EXTN_FUNC‖
Over current after loss the setting
Trip_no AR
of measure voltage of― OC_VT fail‖
5.6.3The scheme logic of distance protection
The scheme logic of distance protection is shown in Fig.5-12.

a) The measure element is enabled to operate for 150ms after sudden-change
current startup, if the calculated impedance lies in zone 1 of the distance
relay：
Whether zone 1 of the relay is blocked during power swing or not is controlled
by the setting ―Z1_PS blocking‖. If the setting ―Z1_PS blocking‖ is set to ―off‖,
power swing blocking is disabled,. If the setting ―Z1_PS blocking‖ is set to
―on‖, power swing blocking is enabled, distance relay are opened through
detecting fault. Relay startup reclose after Zone 1 trip.
b) If the calculated impedance lie in the operating area of zone 2：
Whether zone 2 is blocked during power swing or not is controlled by the
setting ―Z2_PS blocking‖. If the setting ―Z2_PS blocking‖ is set to ―off‖, power
swing blocking is disabled. If the setting ―Z2_PS blocking‖ is set to ―on‖, power
-41-
swing blocking is enabled. Relay don‘t startup reclose after Zone 2 trip with
delay time.
c) Fault occurs in the range of zone 3:
delay time.
d) Fault occurs in the range of zone 4:
delay time. Zone 4 can be select ―Reverse_Z4‖ or ―Forward_Z4‖,
―Reverse_Z4‖ mainly apply to blocking mode.
e) Fault occurs in the range of zone 5:
delay time. Zone 5 can be select ―Reverse_Z5‖ or ―Forward_Z5‖.
f) Fault occurs in the range of zone 1 extern:
zone 1 extern function is used that DI of ―carr fail(DIST)‖ is high and the
setting ―Z1 EXTN_FUNC‖ is set to ―on‖. Whether zone 1 EXTN is blocked
during power swing or not is controlled by the setting ―Z1_PS blocking‖. If the
setting ―Z1_PS blocking‖ is set to ―off‖, power swing blocking is disabled. If the
setting ―Z1_PS blocking‖ is set to ―on‖, power swing blocking is enabled.
distance relay are opened through detecting fault. Relay startup reclose after
Zone 1EXTN trip.
Five zones distance relay don‘t consider power swing blocking after
sudden-change current startup for the setting ―T_PS NOBLOCKING‖.
e) Permanent trip for three-phase fault：
Relay will permanent trip for three-phase fault.
f) Under the condition of loss of measure voltage, every zone of the distance
relay exits working. The over current protections of loss of measure voltage
are put into operation if the setting ―OC_VT fail‖ is enabled. Phase over
current and zero-sequence over current of loss of measure voltage will
permanent trip.
g) Switch-on-to- fault： If any impedance lies in the area of zone 1, zone 2, zone
3, relay permanent trip immediately.
-42-
“I_PS”start
up
Zero-
sequence ≥
current OR-1
startup &
Current AND-4
change |150 0|
startup
& ≥
Fault detect AND-1 OR-3
swing
unblocking
& ≥
Z1(2,3,4,5)_P AND-2 OR-2
S blocking &
AND-5
Forward
direction &
AND-3 & Trip single
AND-6
VT fail
OC_VT fail & |T_VT-FAIL 0| ≥

AND-7 OR-5
SOTF & &

AND-
I > “I_SOTF” AND-8
12
≥
OR-4
Zone 1 -pe ≥
|T1pe 0| OR-8
& Trip three
Zone 1 -pp |T1pp 0| AND-9 phase
Zone 1 EXTN- |T1EXTpe 0| ≥

pe OR-9
Zone 1 EXTN- |T1EXTpp 0|
pp
&
PP NO AR AND-
13
Three &
AND-
phase fault 10
Zone 2 |T2 0| ≥ Permenent

OR-7 trip
&
Zone 3 |T3 0|
≥ AND-
11
OR-6
Zone 4 |T4 0|
Zone 5 |T5 0|
Fig.5-12 Distance protection logic
-43-
5.6.4 Distance Element Operating Time Curves at Nominal Frequency
Figure 5.13 and Figure5.14 show operating times for the distance elements. The
diagrams show operating times at each test point. Operating times include output
contact closure time. For the distance element test, a fault was applied at a location
representing a percentage of the Zone 1 relay reach setting. Tests were performed for
source impedance ratios (SIR) of 0.1, 1.0, 10.0, and 30.0. No pre-fault load current or
fault resistance was included.
Fig.5-13.Single phase to groud faults
Fig.5-14.phase to phase faults
5.7 Zero-sequencs current protection
5.7.1 Configuration and principle
Four stages zero current and inverse time zero current protection are set during
three-phase operation. Directional element of four stages zero current protection
besides stage 1st can be selected. Stage 1 of zero current is controlled to be on or off
by the setting of ―3I01_FUNC‖,it only send permission signal, the others by the setting
-44-
of ―3I02_FUNC‖, ―3I03_FUNC‖ and ―3I04_FUNC‖, and inverse time zero current

protection is controlled to be on or off by the setting of ―3I0_INV FUNC‖.
During discordance or evolving fault, stage 4 protection of zero current with delay
time(T04－500ms)(without directional element when line VT is connected, or with
directional element when bus VT is connected ) and inverse time zero current are
also set.
The executing program is switched to fault-processed route when
sudden-change current startup or zero current assistant startup operates. During
three phases operation, stage 1-4 protection and inverse time zero current are put
into operation and stage 2-4 protection and inverse time zero current send permanent
trip. For discordance or evolving fault, stage 1-4 protection are blocked, short time
limited stage 4th protection and inverse time zero current are put into operation,
Permanent tripping command will be output after they trip.
Within a definite time, every stage protection of zero current can not act, the
whole protection will reset.
5.7.2 Inverse time zero current protection
The directional element of inverse time zero current protection can be on or off
via the setting of ―3I0_INV FUNC‖. Its characteristic is written as below：
T_factor
T  T_INV
Id
( ) 1
N
3I0_INV
Where：Id ─ fault current.
T_factor ─ time coefficient of inverse time zero current.
N ─ Index setting of inverse time zero current.
3I0_INV ─ current setting of inverse time zero current.
T_INV ─ delay time setting of inverse time zero current which can meet the
requirement that inverse time zero current co-operates with different protection.
N =0.02 and T_factor =0.14 ─ Standard inverse (IEC Standard)；
N =1 and T_factor =13.5 ─ Very inverse；
N =2 and T_factor =80 ─ Extremity inverse.
5.7.3 Some explain about the program of zero current protection
a) The polarity of 3U0

The protection system employs the self-count 3U0 which is obtained by the sum
of three phase voltages by means of software for the zero-sequence directional
element to detect direction. If VT circuit is open, zero protection with directional
element exits automatically.
b) CT circuit open
To prevent sensitive stage 3 or stage 4 protection of zero current from
maloperation caused by CT circuit open, the character that the zero-sequence
-45-
voltage is zero in case of CT open can be employed to block Zero-sequencs

current directional protection which may maloperate by zero- sequence
directional element. Zero current will last for a long time as CT circuit is open, if
zero current is larger than the setting of 3I04 continuously for 12s, ―CT Fail‖ will
be reported, and every stage of zero protection will be blocked.
c) Logic after one phase trip
After one phase trip, stage 4 of zero current(delay time is T04—500ms) are
employed to clear any more faults.
Notice that zero voltage is not actual fault component of zero voltage when fault
occurs during open-phase operation when VT is located at line side, so stage 4
protection of zero current with delay time(T04－500ms, must be larger than the
delay time of single-pole reclose) are fixed to without directional element.
d) Switch-on-to- fault
Stage 2-4 protection of zero current are put into operation when zero-sequence
protection detects that the circuit breaker is closed manually. Stage 2~4 have
100ms delay time, all of them send permanent tripping command after they
operate.
No directional element is employed at manual close.
Stage 2~4 protection of zero current are put into operation when
zero-sequence protection detects that the circuit breaker is reclosed
automatically. The delay time of stage 2~4 zero current is fixed to 100ms, all of
them permanent tripping command after they trip.
It is to avoid the three-phase asynchrony of the circuit breaker that zero current
protection operate with 100ms delay during manual close and auroreclose.
5.7.4 Function of zero current protection as shown in Tab.5-5
Tab.5-5
Directional element
Item Tripping mode Output
controlled by
stage controlled by setting control
setting
stage 1 of zero the setting of
with direction Only send signal
current ―3I01_FUNC‖
stage 2 of zero the setting―3I02 the setting of
permanent trip
current DIR‖ is ―on‖ or ―off‖ ―3I02_FUNC‖
permanent trip
permanent trip
-46-
pole discordance
or evolving
operation:
no directional for
VT at line side.
the the setting of
Inverse time of
setting―3I0_INV permanent trip ―3I0_INV
zero current
DIR‖ is ―on‖ or ―off‖ FUNC‖
5.7.5The scheme logic of Zero-sequencs current protection
The scheme logic of Zero-sequencs current protection is shown in Fig.5-15.

After the sudden-change current startup element or zero current assistant startup
element operate, the protection system goes into the executing program to the fault
processed. stage 2-4 protection of zero current（3I02～3I04） and inverse time zero
current are put into operation under three-phase operation. Inverse time zero current
and short delay zero current IN4 are put into operation while stage 2-4 of zero current
is blocked under Pole discordance or evolving.
-47-
SOTF &
AND-8
≥ Permenent
|100 0|
≥ OR-4 trip
OR-4
|100 0|
|100 0|
Stage 2
|T02 0|
≥
OR-6
Stage 3
|T03 0|
&
Stage 4 AND-2
|T04 0|
3I0_Inverse ≥ |T0INV 0|
OR-6
“3I0_INV &
DIR” AND-2
I02（3,4）
_DIR disable
≥
I02（3,4）_DI OR-7
R enable
Forward
direction
& &
AND-1 AND-2
VT fail
CT fail |12" 0| “CT fail”

(3I0>3I04) ALARM
Fig.5-15 zero current protection logic
5.8 Direction over current protection

power system. The protection comprises 2 stages over current. The over current
protection function can be applied to via binary settings.
Each phase current is compared with the setting value ―Ioc_pe‖ after numerical
filtering. Currents above the associated pickup value are detected and signaled. If
-48-
the binary setting of ―OC_DIR‖ is enabled, the protection is blocked by directional

element. Directional element is 90° connection mode. Current of each phase is
controlled by corresponding directional component. Following figure (Fig.5-16) is
over current directional element (current lags and angle of voltage is positive).
directional element I U
A IA UBC
B IB UCA
C IC UAB
Forward－90°≤arg（U/I）≤30°。
forward
U
30°
Fig.5-16 over current directional

After expiry of the associated time delays ―Toc_pe‖a trip command is issued. The
following figure (Fig.5-17) shows the logic diagram for first stage over current. The
stages can be operation via a binary setting ―OC_FUNC‖. The over current is
permanent trip.
5.8.1 Inverse time over current protection
The directional element of inverse time over current protection can be on or off
via the setting of ―OC _INV_ FUNC‖. Its characteristic is written as below：
Toc_factor
Toc   Toc_INV
Id
( ) 1
N0c
Ioc_INV
Where：Id ─ fault current.
Toc_factor ─ time coefficient of inverse time over current.
Noc ─ Index setting of inverse time over current.
Ioc_INV ─ current setting of inverse time over current.
Toc_INV ─ delay time setting of inverse time over current which can meet the
requirement that inverse time over current co-operates with different protection.
N =0.02 and T_factor =0.14 ─ Standard inverse (IEC Standard)；
N =1 and T_factor =13.5 ─ Very inverse；
N =2 and T_factor =80 ─ Extremity inverse.
-49-
“OC_FUNC”
Iφ>Ioc_pe
&
AND-2
OC_DIR ≥ Toc_pe
OR-1
≥ permanent
Forward OR-1 trip
direction
≥
“OC_INV DIR” OR-2
Toc
Iφ>Ioc_INV “OC_INV _FUNC” &

_pe AND-3
Fig.5-17 Over current logic
5.9 Over voltage protection

The protection comprises 2 stages over voltage. The phase voltage is measured
directly at the VT. The over voltage protection trip or alarm Function can be applied
to via binary settings.
Each phase voltage is compared with the setting value ―OV1_pe‖ after numerical
filtering. Voltages above the associated pickup value are detected and signaled.
After expiry of the associated time delays ―Tov1_pe‖a trip command or a alarm
command is issued. The following figure (Fig.5-18) shows the logic diagram for first
stage over voltage. The stage can be operation via a binary setting
―OV1_TRIP_FUNC‖ or ―OV1_ALARM_FUNC‖ . Two stages over voltage is permanent
trip.
“OV1_TRIP_FUNC”
Uφ>OV1_pe Tov1_pe
≥ Permenent
“OV2_TRIP_FUNC” OR-1 trip
Uφ>OV2_pe Tov2_pe
“OV1_ALARM_FUNC”
Uφ>OV1_pe Tov1_pe O/V1 Alarm
“OV2_ALARM_FUNC”
Uφ>OV2_pe Tov2_pe O/V2 Alarm
Fig.5-18 Over voltage logic

5.10 Under voltage protection
The protection comprises 2 stages under voltage. The phase voltage is
-50-
measured directly at the VT. The under voltage protection Function can be applied to
via binary settings.
Each phase voltage is compared with the setting value ―UV1_pe‖ after numerical
filtering. Voltages under the associated pickup value are detected and signalled.
After expiry of the associated time delays ―Tuv1_pe‖a trip command or a alarm
command is issued. The following figure (Fig.5-19) shows the logic diagram for first
stage under voltage. The stage can be operation via a binary setting
―UV1_TRIP_FUNC‖ or ―UV1_ALARM_FUNC‖ . Two stages under voltage is permanent
trip.
“UV1_TRIP_FUNC”
Uφ<UV1_pe
Iφ>0.1In
& Tuv1_pe
AND-2
VT fail &
AND-1
≥ Permenent
Initiate AR
OR-1 trip
“UV2_TRIP_FUNC”
Uφ<UV2_pe & Tuv2_pe
AND-3
“UV1_ALARM_FUNC”
& Tov1_pe
U/V1 Alarm
Uφ<UV1_pe AND-4
&
“UV2_ALARM_FUNC” AND-5
Tov2_pe U/V2 Alarm
Uφ<UV2_pe
Fig.5-19 Under voltage logic
5.11 Breaker failure protection

In the event of a fault on the transmission line, the transmission line can
remain on line if the circuit –breaker is defective and could suffer substantial damage.
The breaker failure protection Function can be applied to via binary settings of ―CBF_
FUNC‖.
If the breaker failure protection is intended to be initiated by internal protective
tripping or external via binary input, to connect binary inputs of ―START CBF
A(B,C,3)-PH‖ to the device. Fig.5-20 shows the operating principle. When the trip
signal appears from any internal or external protection and at least one current is
larger than ―I_CBF‖, the breaker failure protection is initiated and the corresponding
delay time ―T_CBF‖ is ―START A (B,C,3)-PH CBF‖. When three phase circuit breaker
failure start up, single phase circuit breaker failure will be started up.
-51-
“ CBF _ FUNC”
IA>I_CBF
& T_ CBF
A phase trip AND1
≥1
Start CBF OR1

A -PH
“ CBF _ FUNC”
IB>I_CBF
& ≥1
B phase trip AND2 T_ CBF CBF startup

≥1 OR6
OR2
Start CBF
B-PH
“ CBF _ FUNC”
IC>I_CBF
&
AND3 T_CBF
C phase trip ≥1
OR3
Start CBF
C-PH
three phase trip ≥1
OR4
Start CBF
3-PH
&
IA>I_CBF “ CBF _ FUNC” AND4 T_CBF
≥1
IB>I_CBF
OR5
IC>I_CBF
3I0>3I0_CBF
CBF startup
≥1 DIRECT
TRIP SEND
BB/CBF OR1
(OUTPUT)
OPERATED
&
AND3
POR
&
AND1
Z2 Enabled ≥1
OR1
PUR
&
AND2
Z1 Enabled
Fig.5-20 Breaker failure Protection logic Figure
-52-
5.12 Autoreclose
5.12.1 Autoreclose mode
CSC-101 protection system is provided with autoreclose whose performance is

only to close the circuit breaker but not to select faulted phase and trip.
Four types of autoreclose mode are provided:
AR_1pmode：The faulted phase is tripped and then reclosed when single-phase
fault occurs, in the case of a multi-phase fault, three phases are tripped, but reclosure
is not performed.
AR_3p mode：Three phases are tripped, and then reclosed regardless of the
fault types, whether single-phase fault or multi-phase fault.
AR_1p(3p) mode ：Single-phase tripping and reclosure are performed if a
single-phase fault occurs, while three-phase tripping and reclosure are performed if a
multi-phase fault occurs.
AR_exit mode：Autoreclose function is out of service, three phases are tripped
regardless of the fault types, and means the reclosure is disabled. This mode must be
set when autoreclose is not used for a long time.
If over two kinds of mode are choice at the same time, ―AR FUNC Alarm‖ is
reported.
5.12.2 Voltage and synchronism check
When all three phases of the circuit breaker are open, three kinds of check mode
are provided as below.
a）Synchronism check：If the line voltages and bus bar voltages are larger than the
value of have voltage value, and meet the synchronous conditions, synchronizing
reclose can be performed.
b）Low voltage check：If the line voltages are checked to be less than17V, reclose
can be performed. If the line voltages and bus bar voltages are all larger than 40V
the check mode is automatically turned to synchronism check to reclose.
c）No check：Whatever the line voltage and bus bar voltage are, autoreclose is
performed.
Note ：（1）The threshold of low voltage check is 17V of rated voltage and that of
voltage check is 40V of rated voltage, the angle of synchronism check can
be set.
（2）The voltage phases of synchronism check or low voltage check need
not be set, as the protection system can automatically identify, that is to say,
if autoreclose mode is selected to AR_3p mode or AR_1p(3p) mode,
autoreclose check mode is set to synchronism check or no-voltage check,
the voltage phases is identified according to the voltage from the bus and
line. When CB is closed, if the voltage phases whose voltage can be
satisfied with synchronism check can‘t be found, < SYN Voltage Err > is
alarmed, and A-phase voltage is regarded as the synchronism voltage.
The voltages provided for the relays are always from the bus VT, so the
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reference voltage is referred to the voltage at terminal Ux for low voltage

check or synchronism check.
（3）When three check modes of autoreclose are all disabled, the faceplate
of LCD displays: <check mode：No check>.
Voltage and synchronism check need not be performed for AR_1p mode.
5.12.3 Charge and discharge of autoreclose
To avoid repetitious autoreclose, a special timer with charging interval for the
setting ―T_Reclaim‖ is set to perform the function of charge and discharge. Only after
charge has been finished, autoreclose is enabled and LED for monitoring charge on
the faceplate is lightened while charge is not finished, autoreclose is disenabled and
the LED is off.
a) The charge time counter starts when the following conditions are satisfied.
(1) There is no input of ―CB OPEN A (B,C)-PHASE‖.
(2) AR_exit mode is not selected.
(3) The startup elements of autoreclose do not operate.
(4) No input of blocking autoreclose.
b) The charge time counter is reset when the following conditions are satisfied.
(1) AR_exit mode is selected.
(2) Under AR_1p mode, the protection trips three phases, or three-pole of CB is
opened.
(3) External signals of blocking reclose are received.
(4) Discharge is performed when the reclosure command is output.
(5) There is no input of ―CB OPEN A (B,C)-PHASE‖ or ―INITIATE 1(3)PH A/R‖ when
charge is not finished.
(6)During autoreclose startup, the opened phase has current.
5.12.4 Autoreclosure pickup
Two kinds of pickup mode are set by relay internal trip, input of other relay trip or
the auxiliary contacts of CB.
a) Autoreclose startup caused by other relay trip
Two input terminals include < INITIATE 3PH A/R > and < INITIATE 1PH A/R >. The
relay must return immediately after a successful tripping and reclosure is started after
the contacts return from the close position.
When a single-phase fault occurs, the time counter for single-phase reclose will
stop immediately if the digital input of autoreclose pickup caused by three-pole trip
has received, and the counter for three-phase reclose will start after the contacts of
autoreclose pickup caused by three-pole trip return. Although there are two inputs of <
INITIATE 3PH A/R > and < INITIATE 1PH A/R > for autoreclose shot caused by relay
operation to distinguish single- or three-phase tripping, three inputs of ―CB OPEN A
(B,C)-PHASE‖ are also detected to prevent three-phase tripping from single-phase
reclose.
b) Internal tripping signals have pick up autoreclose, therefore, the two input
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terminals for< INITIATE 3PH A/R > and < INITIATE 1PH A/R > which need not be
connected again from external contacts. Only distance zone 1 and pilot relay operate
to startup reclose. Other relays operate to block AR.
c) Autoreclose shot caused by the auxiliary contacts of CB
Autoreclose shot caused by the auxiliary contacts of CB is mainly considered for
CB occasional mal-open. Only three contacts of trip relays are employed to
distinguish single-phase tripping from three-phase tripping for autoreclose shot
caused by the discrepancy of switch position and CB state, so autoreclose discharge
has to be performed according to the input of blocking reclose for manual tripping.
The CB occasional mal-open of single-phase and that of three-phase can be set
respectively by the setting to decide whether to pick up reclose or not.
In addition, no accelerated contacts are given after successful reclose caused by
the auxiliary contacts of CB.
5.12.5 Reclose
When autoreclose is picked up, the following functions are performed before
reclose signal output.
a) Continue to detect the input of ―A/R BLOCK‖. If it is received, time counter of
charging will be cleared, and the program of autoreclose will be reset.
b) Under the condition of AR_3p mode or AR_1(3)p mode, when autoreclose is
picked up by single-phase trip or single-phase occasional mal-open, the digital
input of autoreclose startup caused by three-phase tripping or that of auxiliary
contacts of three-pole trip of CB are continuously detected. If the input is received,
autoreclose is performed according to AR_3p mode.
c) Voltage check is performed according to the setting of voltage and synchronism
check, if voltage condition is not satisfied, the counter of time delay of
autoreclose is cleared.
d) If reclose command is sent out, autoreclose module is reset in 4s.
When autoreclose is picked up, the discharging conditions are satisfied,
autoreclose module is reset immediately and reclose is disabled.
If it is caused by unsatisfied synchronism conditions or the others that reclose can
not be performed successfully, autoreclose model will be reset with a certain time
delay. Under single-phase autoreclose mode, this delay time is the setting delay
of single-phase autoreclose+12s. Under three-phase autoreclose mode, it is the
setting delay of three-phase autoreclose +12s‖.
The voltages provided for the CSC-101 protection system are always from the bus
VT, so the reference voltage is referred to the voltage at terminal Ux for no-voltage
check or synchronism check. If the line voltages and bus voltages are all larger
than the value of voltage setting, the check mode is automatically turned to
synchronism check.
5.12.6 Blocking AR condition
Relay will block reclose when any conditions occur, at the same time, it gives
output of ―AR Lockout Alarm‖.
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a) Multiphase faults occur for AR_1p mode.

b) Distance zone 1 operates when equipment has input of ―CARRIER FAIL‖.
c) Distance zone 1 or pilot operates when the fault occur again after reclosing .
d) Distance zone 1 or pilot operates when equipment has input of ―A/R BLOCK ‖.
e) Distance zone 1 or pilot operates trip permanently,
5.12.7 Enabling three-pole trip
When AR_3p mode, AR_exit mode(and no input of ―1PH_TRIP_ENABLE‖) or

charging counter unsatisfied, relay will three phase trip whatever fault occur.
5.12.8 Both series of autoreclose operating at the same time
The CB closed state are detected according to trip and current, when two series of
autoreclose are set for one breaker and both of them are put into operation, it is
impossible for the second autoreclose to take place.
5.12.9 Reclose failure
When relay had sent command of ―reclose‖, but the breaker don‘t reclose, the input
of ―CB OPEN A（B,C）-PHASE‖ is ―1‖. Relay think reclose fail, and give the event
report of ―AR fail‖.
5.12.10The scheme logic of autoreclose
The scheme logic of autoreclose is shown in Fig.5-21.

a) Single-phase autoreclose
Under <AR_1p mode>, if single-phase is tripped for a single-phase fault, or input of
<―INITIATE 1PH A/R‖ > is from ―1‖ to ―0‖, CB is reclosed with delay.
Under < AR_1(3)p mode >, for single-phase faults, if three-phase tripping command
is received before sending the command of reclosure pulse, then the single-phase
reclosure timer stops and the three-phase reclosure timer starts, that is, or input of <
INITIATE 3PH A/R > is from ―1‖ to ―0‖, three-phase reclose is picked up. To prevent
the three-phase tripping is regarded as a single-phase reclosure, three auxiliary
contacts of CB will be used to further judge.
b) Three-phase autoreclose
For <AR_1p mode> or < AR_1(3)p mode >, <no check> is enabled, reclosed with
delay. <low voltage > is satisfied and enabled, via the setting ―AR_check low U‖
reclosed with delay.
<Syn meet> is satisfied and enabled, via the setting ―AR_check Syn‖ reclosed with
delay.
d) CB occasional mal-tripping
If the single-phase occasional mal-tripping occurs, whether starting the reclosure or
-56-
not is determined by the setting, that is the setting ―AR_CB(1)‖. Under AR_1(3)p
mode, CB can be still reclosed for the single-phase occasional mal-tripping.
Under AR_3p mode or AR_1(3)p mode, if the three-phase occasional mal-tripping
occurs, whether starting the reclosure or not is determined by the setting, that is the
setting ―AR_CB(3)‖,the setting ―AR_CB(3)‖ is set to ―1‖ to enable autoreclose. The
setting ―AR_CB(3)‖ is set to ―off‖ to disenable autoreclose. Under AR_1p mode, CB
can‘t be reclosed for the three-phase occasional mal-tripping.
CB OPEN A-
PHASE
CB OPEN B- ≥
PHASE “AR_CB(1)”
OR-1 &
AND-2
CB OPEN C-
PHASE
&
AND-1
“INITIATE
1PH A/R ”from ≥ T1p_AR
OR-4
“1” to “0”
≥ &
Distance single OR-2 AND-3
≥
trip Reclose
OR-6
“INITIATE
“AR_CB(3)”
3PH A/R”from
“1” to “0”
≥
Distance three OR-3
≥
OR-5
trip
AR_1p mode
& T3p_AR
AND-4
AR_3p mode
≥
OR-7
AR_1(3)p mode
No check
“AR_check Syn”
Syn meet
≥
OR-8
Low voltage
“AR_check low U”
A/R BLOCK
Fig.5-21 CSC-101 automatic recloseure logic
-57-
5.12.11 DI Trigger Record

DI can trigger DR, we can enable a DI trigger record by equipment
parameter , we can select the record mode ,DI up to trigger record or DI down to
trigger record, so below we give a example for DI “A/R BLOCK”, the same with
other DIs
Equipment parameter
A/R BLOCK
enabled
DI & Trigger
A/R BLOCK AND3 Record
From “1”to”0” &
AND1
Equipment parameter
A/R BLOCK DOWN
enabled ≥1
OR1
Equipment parameter
A/R BLOCK DOWN
unenabled &
AND2
DI
A/R BLOCK
From “0”to”1”
Fig DI ―A/R BLOCK‖ to trigger record logic (example)

5.13 Switch-on-to-fault protection (SOTF)
5.13.1 Function description
The switch onto fault protection (hereinafter is referred as SOTF) is based on

internal distance protection element, zero sequence current protection element of
the relay and own overcurrent element. Once the current circuit breaker (hereinafter
is referred as CB) is switched onto the fault, the SOTF can operate instantaneously,
except to operate with 100ms time delay when initiated by zero sequence current
element only.
The SOTF function can be enabled by binary input of ―CB Open‖ or ―CLOSE
SWITCH‖, if the corresponding binary setting is enabled.
The conditions of ―CB Open‖ can be active based on three-phase CB Open state
or single phase CB Open state selected by binary setting. Three auxiliary contacts of
CB are required as binary inputs to indicate the open position of each CB pole. For
3/2 breaker scheme, The two same pole auxiliary contacts of two breakers must be
connected in series at first, and then the series of contacts of each pole are used as
binary inputs of the equipment.
The CB Open state confirming time can be set. If the CB open state lasting more
than the time setting, SOTF is enabled. If no fault occurs, after the time of ―Relay
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Reset‖ elapsing, the whole system resets. If the internal fault occurs during the time
of SOTF enable, the tripping command will be issued.
The condition of ―CLOSE SWITCH‖ can be active if the binary input of ―CLOSE
SWITCH‖ is on, the precondition for this condition is that the startup element do not
operate. If this binary input is active more than 10s, the alarm will be issued and
SOTF protection function based on this condition will be blocked.
When the CB is closed on faulty line manually or by auto-reclosing function, if
distance protection element zone1, zone2 and zone3 are enabled, the zone 1, zone 2,
or zone 3 distance protection element will operate instantaneously so long as the
measuring impedances enter into the one of three operating zone, and the phase
current is more than the setting of ―I_SOTF_Dist‖.
When the equipment has detected CB in open position before, and the fault phase
current is larger than 0.1In(single phase reclose mode of auto-reclosing function) or
any one phase current is larger than 0.1In(three phase reclose mode of
auto-reclosing function) or the input of auxiliary CB contact drop out, the equipment
will confirm that the line has been reenergized.
5.13.2 Inrush restraint function
The SOTF function can be blocked by inrush current if the ratio of second
harmonic current component to fundamental current component is higher than the
setting when the binary setting for inrush blocking function is enabled, the inrush
current feature operates based on evaluation of the 2 nd harmonic content which is
present in measured current.
The inrush blocking function is effective for zone 2 and zone 3 distance protection
element, zero sequence current protection element, when is applied for SOTF, and for
SOTF overcurrent element too.
Furthermore, by recognition of the inrush current in one phase, it is possible to set
the protection in a way that not only the phase with the considerable inrush current,
but also the other phases are blocked for a certain time. This is achieved by
cross-blocking feature.
The inrush restraint function has a maximum inrush current setting. Once the
measuring current exceeds the setting, the SOTF protection will not be blocked any
longer.
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SOTF with CB status = 1

(Control Word)
Chk One CB Pole

DI “CB OPEN
A-PHASE”
AND
DI “CB OPEN t 0
OR
B-PHASE”
AND
DI “CB OPEN
C-PHASE” OR
Chk All CB Pole

DI “CB OPEN
A-PHASE”
AND
DI “CB OPEN t 0
AND
B-PHASE”
DI “CB OPEN
C-PHASE” OR 0 1s
SOTF with Close Switch = 1

(Control Word)
AND
DI “Close Switch” = 1 / ON
Pulse Input
No relay startup
Relay startup
SOTF TRIP
SOTF Inrush Block AND
(permanent)
Harmonic Blocking
AND
Distance operation
AND
Ia(or Ib , Ic) >
OR
“I_SOTF_Dist” 0 1s SOTF disable
automatically
SOTF OC
AND
Ia(or Ib , Ic) >
“I_SOTF”
100ms 0
Zero-
sequence
operation
AND
No fault
DI “Close Switch” =
1 / ON
AND 10s 0 DI_SOTF Err
SOTF with Close Switch = 1

(Control Word)
Figure - Logic of SOTF

t: The CB confirming time, setting arrange is 0.1s~10s
-60-
6. Installation and commissioning

6.1 Unpacking & repacking
• When dispatched from the factory, the equipment is packed in accordance with
the guidelines laid down in IEC 60255-21, which specifies the impact
resistance of packaging .This packing shall be removed with care, without force
to the equipment and without the use of inappropriate tools.
• The equipment should be visually checked to ensure that there are no external
traces of damage. Verify that the conformity certificates, matched documents,
accessories are consistent with the order requirements, and ensure that the
type, nameplate, numbers of the equipments are perfect and consistent with
encasement sheet.
• The transport packing can be re-used for further transport when applied in the
same way. The storage packing of the individual equipments is not suited to
transport. If alternative packing is used, this must also provide the same
degree of protection against mechanical shock, as laid down in IEC
60255-21-1 class 2 and IEC 60255-21-2 class 1.
• Before initial energization with supply voltage, the equipment shall be situated in
the operating area for at least two hours in order to ensure temperature
equalization and to avoid humidity influences and condensation.
6.2 Mounting
• The equipment ought to be fixed on panel or cabinet, and every connection bolt
of the equipment must be firmed.
• Using earthing coppery wires connect the equipment ground and panel (cabinet)
ground with bus line and verify the earthing is reliably.
Checking the connection
• The equipment wiring must meet the requirements of wiring scheme.
6.3 Check before power on
• Pull out all the modules, check-up whether the mechanical structure accessory
on the board becomes flexible or there are mechanical damages and whether
the wiring is fastness.
• Check the man-machine interface is connected with faceplate reliable.
• Check the type tag of the equipment on faceplate, the lighting tag, backboard
terminal figure, terminal number tag and nameplate label of the equipment are
intact and right.
• Each module withdrawal and insertion are flexible, space between module and
plug slot are suitable right, and the insertion depth is satisfied. Verify the
lock-up is reliable. The slice of current connecter for short circuit ought to be
opened reliably when module is inserted.
• Test insulation resistance in turn between analog circuits and ground, and the
circuits to each others every resistance must not be less than 100 MΩ.
Check with power on
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▪ Power supply check

Testing of voltage output value and its stability：Every class output voltage
must be maintained stably as shown in Tab.X when the input voltage of DC
power supply is UN.
Tab.× V
Rating voltage Permissive range
5 4.85.2
12 1113
12 1113
+24 2226
▪ Give alarm after power off
Energized DC power supply, the equipment for loss of power alarm ought to be
excited reliably, and its contacts as X11-c16 and X11-a16 must be opened reliably.
Cut off rating DC power supply, the relay for loss of power alarm ought to be lost
magnetism reliably, and its contacts as X11-c16 and X11-a16 must be closed reliably.
7. Operation
7.1 Safety precautions
During the equipment tests and start-up, the general safety regulations applicable to
electrical systems must be complied with. Failure to comply with these regulations
might cause harm to the working staff and damage to property. All the inspections and
tests must only be carried out by specially trained personnel.
• Check the enclosure shell has been grounded reliably and maintain electric
continuity to earth.
• The general safety regulations applicable to equipments must be strictly
complied with.
• Insert or pull out models must be strictly prohibit during the equipment tests and
operation.
• During operation, nobody is allowed to press the keyboard on the panel
optionally.
• During operation, nobody is allowed to operate the following commands:
▪ Test DO;
▪ Modification and write settings;
▪ Set up numbers of running CPU;
▪ Change setting zone;
▪ Change address used communication net.
7.2 Dialog with the equipment
Setting operation and interrogation of digital protection systems can be carried out
via the integrated membrane keyboard and display panel located on the front plate.
All the necessary operating parameters can be entered and all the information can be
read out from here. For example display, main menu, debugging menu. Operation is,
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additionally, possible via interface socket by means of a personal computer or similar.
7.2.1 Front view of the relay
Front panel adopts little arc streamline and beelines sculpt, and function keys for
MMI are reasonably distributed in faceplate. Panel layout is shown in Figure 7-1.
CSC-101
Run RESET
Trip A
Trip B
Trip C
Reclose
Recharge
Chan Err QUIT SET
Alarm
F1 F2 F3 F4 ＋－
SIO
Figure 7-1 Panel layout of CSC-101
7.2.2 Member of keyboard and display panel
The member of keyboard and display panel is externally arranged similar to a

pocked calculator. Figure 7.1 illustrates the front view.
The significance of the keys is explained in detail in the following.
SET
Confirmation key, used to setup or confirm

QUIT
Press this key for loop display. Current screen can be fixed to be displayed
（there is a key mark on the right corner of screen, viz. orientating current screen），
press again to cancel orientating function. Press this key during menu operation to
cancel current operation to return the upper menu. Press this key to return normal
display state to operate other key.
, , , : Selecting key，used to select menu on display panel. Use
and to move cursor， and : to change content.
RESET : Used to reset LED of signal and output , return to loop display state.
Four shortcut keys and two function keys under LCD
《F1》： Press one time, prompt Print the latest event report？
YES NO
If select YES, prompt Format of printed record wave？ Graph Data to select
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graph format or data format to print.

Another function of key 《F1》： Press 《F1》 to turn screen page downward
to view set values.
《F2》
： Press one time, prompt Print set values of current setting zone?
Another function of key 《F2》：Press 《F2》 to turn screen page upward to
view set values.
《F3》
：Press one time, prompt Print sampled data？
《F4》
：Press one time, prompt Print device information and status？
《＋》：Function key —The number of setting group +1.
Press one time, prompt Select setting zone to switch：
Current setting zone：xx；Switch setting zone：xx.
《－》：Function key, The number of setting group -1.
Press one time, prompt Select setting zone to switch：
Current setting zone：xx；Switch setting zone：xx.
SIO jack：9-pin jack to connect external PC is dedicated interface of debugging
program ―CSPC‖.
7.2.3 LED’s Explanation
LED of CSC-101 is fixed.

From the top to down, the left side of LCD of CSC-101 are < Run >, <Trip A >,
<Trip B >, <Trip C >, <Reclose>, < Recharge>, <Chan Err> and <Alarm> light in
turn.
(1) < Run >： Lit green under normal operation, flash when protection startup..
(2)<Trip A >, <Trip B >, <Trip C >： Lit red LED after tripping.
(3)<Reclose>：Only for auto-reclosure of CSC-101 B, lit red after operation
(4)< Recharg>：Only for auto-reclosure of CSC-101 B, lit green LED after
charging finished.
(5) <Chan Err>: Lit red when channel is not connected or interrupted.
(6)<Alarm>：This is not lit under normal operation. When alarm Ⅱ（abnormal
alarm ） is issued ， this light is lit constantly and only the corresponding
protections are out of service, power supply for protection output is not blocked.
When alarm Ⅰ（serious alarm） is issued，this light flash and all protections are
out of service, power supply for protection output is blocked.
-64-
7.2.4 Menu structure
Loop display of screen panel in sequence is：year-month-day, hour: minute:

second, Ia, Ib, Ic, 3I0, Ua, Ub, Uc,Ux, P, Q and phasor angle, enabled, current setting
zone, channel state.
Panel display includes loop display, main menu, debugging menu for leaving factory and
window of initiative transporting report.
Main menu has 10 terms in total as shown in Tab.7.1-1. Press SET to enter into
main menu during loop display. Default operation password is 8888.
Tab.7.1-1
Main Sub-menu 1 Sub-menu 2 Explanation
menu
AI Ia, Ib, Ic, 3I0,IN,Ua, Ub, Uc, Ux, IaR, IbR, IcR, 3I0R Select CPU
OpStatus number at first
Status output voltage Display magnitude
Version Display device type and version of CPU
Equipcod Device type and version, factory，I/O, Master MMI Provide for debug
and CPU worker and
engineer to view
DI RESET, CB OPEN A-PHASE, CB OPEN B-PHASE, Display current
CB OPEN C-PHASE, BB/CBF OPTD, CAR state of inputs，―o‖
RECV(DIST), CAR RECV(DEF), DIRECT TRIP RECV, or ―1‖
CARR FAIL DIST, CARR FAIL DEF,A/R BLOCK,
INITIATE 3PH A/R, INITIATE 1PH A/R, START CBF
A-PH,START CBF B-PH, START CBF C-PH, START
CBF 3-PH, 1PH_TRIP_ENABLE, STUB PROT
ENABLE,REM ACCESS BLK, RELAY TEST,
DI_CONFIG1, DI_CONFIG2, DI_CONFIG3, DI set G3,
Measure Ia,Ib,Ic,3I0,IN,Ua,Ub,Uc,Ux Display magnitude
IaR,IbR,IcR,3I0R ,Uab,Ubc,Uca,3U2,3U1,3I2,3I1,f and phasor
Impen.Z Za ,Zb ,Zc ,Zab ,Zbc ,Zca Complex number,
display magnitude
Settings ProtSet Press SET － select setting zone － press SET to Input password
display all setting firstly
ProtContWd Binary settings can set ―1‖ or ―0‖.
Test Menu Test setting
EquipPara System parameter NOT USED
CommPara BayName: Can input actual line name Setup with ISN or
CSPC
CommAddr Setup address of 485 series ports can not be set to
10H～ABH 0, if connected
with protocol of
Ethernet 1: CSN, extension
Ethernet 2: address of
Ethernet 2 is:
10.10.6.124
Time Made Network mode, pulse Optional network
mode,IRIG-B mode, pulse
based on GPS
BaudR485 9600, 19200, 38400 Use UP or DOWN
to select
-65-
Query EventRpt Latest Rpt Press SET to view

Report Last 6 Rpts Press SET to view
QueryRpt by Date Ditto
AlarmRpt Last 6 Rpts Ditto
StartRpt Latest Rpt Ditto
Last 6 Rpts Ditto
Log Last 6 Rpts Ditto
Setup SOEReset Manual Receive reset command to reset SOE Reset mode can
Reset be selected
Automatic Receive reset command to reset SOE
Reset automatically in 10s
Protocol V1.20 Protocol CSC2000 used,
V1.10 Protocol This option need
not be set if the
relay
communicates
with
IEC60870-5-103
SetPrint RecPrt Setup for record print: Setup for analog ―√‖ to be selected,
Setup quantities print, such as voltage and current. ―×‖ not to be
Setup for I/O print, such as trip and selected
command etc.
Print Print record automatically, print binary
Mode setting, mode of record print ―Data‖ or
―Graph‖
103Type Display current type: B2H Set function
coding of
IEC60870-5-103
ModifyPW Password can be modified Password of
leaving factory:
8888
ProtSet Please select setting zone Connect the
Print EquipPara None printer
Report EventRpt, StartRpt, AlarmRpt ,Log
Setup Print Equipment Setup
Status Analog input, version, digital input, system state,
system code, strap state
AI Analog input
Version CPU version
Equipcode Equipment code
DI Digital input
PrtMeasure Print Measure Data
PrtSample Print Sampling Data, select CPU number at first
ALARMⅠ, ALARMⅡ, A-Phase Trip, B-Phase Trip, Input password at
Test DO C-Phase Trip,3-Phase Trip, Permanent Trip, Initiate first
1PH A/R, Initiate 3PH A/R,
CARR Send CH-1, Direct Trip Send, CARR Fail Alarm,
AR TO Close CB, UV&OV Alarm-1, UV&OV Alarm -2,
Start A-PH CBF, Start B-PH CBF, Start C-PH CBF, Start
3-PH CBF, AR Lockout Alarm, VT Fail, Broken
conductor, SOTF Alarm, CARR Received, Direct Trip
RECV, Weak End Infeed, PSB Alarm
-66-
Set Time Current Year month day hour minute sec Modify with the
Set Year month day hour minute sec key of UP DOWN
LEFT RIGHT
Contrast Test effect Modify contrast with key of UP and DOWN
SimuReSig Simu Alarm, Simu Trip, Simu connt, Simu Use √ or × to
Testing DI,TransRecData, Simu MST Alarm select
SwSetGrp Switch setting zone Input password at
ViewDrift Ia,Ib,Ic,3I0,Ua, In, Ub,Uc,Ux, IaR，IbR，IcR，3I0R first
AdjDrift Ia,Ib,Ic,3I0,Ua, In, Ub,Uc,Ux, IaR，IbR，IcR，3I0R
ViewScale Ia,Ib,Ic,3I0,Ua, In, Ub,Uc,Ux, IaR，IbR，IcR，3I0R
AdjScale Ia,Ib,Ic,3I0,Ua, In, Ub,Uc,Ux, IaR，IbR，IcR，3I0R
PrtSample Print sampled data of nominated CPU
Contrast LCD Contrast Regulation Modify with the
key of UP DOWN
Remarks：
（1） In the menu of Setup－SetPrint－RecPrt Setup－SetPrint AI，analog
quantities provided for selection are ：
Ia , Ib , Ic ,3 I 0 , In , Ua , Ub , Uc , Ux ,IaR,IbR,IcR,3I0R, which means three phase
currents, Zero-sequencs current, three phase voltage, reference voltage and
redundancy currents respectively.
（2） In the menu of Setup－SetPrint－RecPrt Setup－SetPrint Do，digital inputs
provided for selection are: relay startup, trip A, trip B, trip C, trip_No AR, DI_relay
3P trip, CB_A open, CB_B open, CB_C open, reclose, send signal, receiving
signal, AR_P1 trip , AR_P3 trip, AR_Blk ect.
（3） If the input of ―Relay Test‖ is enabled during debugging，operating reports
are neither transported nor saved, just output to be printed or displayed on PC. If
record report need to be printed, PC has to be exited, otherwise only reports can
be printed, nor can wave.
（4）Enter into the menu of measuring quantities and analog quantities, then
perform the relay testing, it is convenient for debugging that this menu need not
return in order to view whether the input analog quantities are consistent with the
values of the relay display or not. Here, if the input of ―Relay Test‖ is enabled, the
displayed values are refurbished more quickly.
（5）Input line name on faceplate of the device, whose method is referenced to the
appendix.
Press QUIT+SET to enter into debugging menu for leaving factory. Input debugging
password, the menu is presented with 8 categories. Select one category to press SET,
more notation is given as shown in Tab.7.1-2.
Tab.7.1-2
Name Function Remarks
Setup CPU CPU1、CPU2…CPU8 Use UP or DOWN
-67-
View memory View CPU：MASETR Press SET

View type：EEPROM
Original address：0000000
View length：32
Clear Prompt Are you sure to clear Press SET to YES, QUIT
configuration configuration？ to NO
Configure Prompt Are you sure to configure？ Press SET to YES, QUIT
system to NO
System option Standard interface mode, display of Confirmed with √ and ×
channel info menu, clear configuration of
setting character, clear configuration of
main arrangements, big liquid crystal
mode, new protocol of CSC2000,
communication with CSN/2, print mode of
LON network, LON2 configured, LON1
configured, 485-1 configured, 485-2
configure, record of state quantity taking
byte as unit, transport event of 101
protocol with ASDV1, prohibit transporting
2000 report for Ethernet 1, prohibit
transporting 2000 report for Ethernet 2
Setup Panel LED 1 run, LED 2…LED 8 LED 2…LED 8, Set
LED holding or not holding
with key of UP or DOWN
Setup Panel Back-light always on Confirmed with √ and ×
back-light Setup delay of back-light 00：05：00 Use UP and DOWN to
change time
7.3 Setting the functional parameters

Settings of All relay‘s function are listed in a same setting list. The printed setting
sheet consists of two parts — setting list and communication parameters.
7.3.1 Setting and calculation
The setting procedure can be ended at any the time by the key ―SET‖ or ―QUIT‖. If
you press the key ―SET‖, the display shows the question ―choose setting zone‖. The
range of setting zone is from 0 to 31. Confirm with the setting zone-key ―SET‖ those
new settings shall be come valid now. If you press the key ―QUIT‖ instead, all
alterations which have been changed since the last. Thus, erroneous alterations can
be made ineffective.
7.3.1.1 Protect setting menu
The following is the settings of CSC-101.

TEST MENU
NO. Abbr. Unit
Meaning
(LCD Display)
Time of Relay startup reset (Setting range is
1. Relay Reset 0.5～10) s
-68-
Calculate zone 1 phase to earth resistance

2. Rrec1_pe of rectangle Ohm
Calculate zone 1 phase to earth reactance of
3. Xrec1_pe rectangle Ohm
Calculate zone 1 phase to phase resistance
12. Rrec1_pp of rectangle Ohm
Calculate zone 1 phase to phase reactance
13. Xrec1_pp of rectangle Ohm
Control word of Test impendance with the
22. Imp. Oper. Zone small quadrangle
a) Setting menu is shown in Tab.7-3.
Tab.7-3
Abbr.
NO. (LCD Meaning Unit Setting range
Display)
1. I_abrupt Abrupt current A 0.2～20(0.04～4)
Through current detect
2. I_PS A 2.5～100(0.5～20)
power swing
Zero-sequence reactance
3. Kx -0.33～8
compensation factor
-69-
Zero-sequence resistance
4. Kr -0.33～8
compensation factor
Zero-sequence reactance
5. Km compensation factor for -0.33～8
double line
Positive reactance of whole
6. X_line Ohm 0.01～80(0.05～400)
line
Positive resistance of whole
7. R_line Ohm 0.01～80(0.05～400)
line
8. Line length Line length km 0.1～999
9. U_PRIMARY Primary rated voltage kV 100～800
CT_PRIMAR 0.05～5
10. Primary rated current kA
Y
CT_SECON 1 or 5
11. Secondary rated current A
DARY
Zone 1 Resistance of earth 0.01～80(0.05～400)
12. R1_pe Ohm
distance
Zone 1 Reactance of earth 0.01～80(0.05～400)
13. X1_pe Ohm
distance relay
Zone1 Extern Resistance of 0.01～80(0.05～400)
14. R1EXT_pe Ohm
earth distance
Zone1 Extern Reactance of 0.01～80(0.05～400)
15. X1 EXT _pe Ohm
earth distance relay
16. R2_pe Ohm
distance
17. X2_pe Ohm
distance relay
18. R3_pe Ohm
distance
19. X3_pe Ohm
distance relay
20. R4_pe Ohm
distance
21. X4_pe Ohm
distance relay
22. R5_pe Ohm
distance
23. X5_pe Ohm
distance relay
Delay time of Z1 ground 0～10
24. T1_pe s
distance relay
Delay time of Z1 Extern 0～10
25. T1EXT_pe s
ground distance relay
26. T2_pe s
distance relay
27. T3_pe s
distance relay
28. T4_pe s
distance relay
29. T5_pe s
distance relay
Zone 1 Resistance of ph-ph 0.01～80(0.05～400)
30. R1_pp Ohm
distance
Reactance of 1st ph-ph 0.01～80(0.05～400)
31. X1_pp Ohm
distance relay
-70-
Zone 1 Extern Resistance of 0.01～80(0.05～400)

32. R1EXT_pp Ohm
ph-ph distance
Reactance of 1st Extern 0.01～80(0.05～400)
33. X1EXT _pp Ohm
ph-ph distance relay
34. R2_pp Ohm
distance
Reactance of 2nd ph-ph 0.01～80(0.05～400)
35. X2_pp Ohm
distance relay
36. R3_pp Ohm
distance
Reactance of 3rd ph-ph 0.01～80(0.05～400)
37. X3_pp Ohm
distance relay
38. R4_pp Ohm
distance
Reactance of 4th ph-ph 0.01～80(0.05～400)
39. X4_pp Ohm
distance relay
40. R5_pp Ohm
distance
Reactance of 5th ph-ph 0.01～80(0.05～400)
41. X5_pp Ohm
distance relay
Delay time of 1st ph-ph 0～10
42. T1_pp s
distance relay
Delay time of 1st Extern 0～10
43. T1EXT_pp s
ph-ph distance relay
Delay time of 2nd ph-ph 0～10
44. T2_pp s
distance relay
Delay time of 3rd ph-ph 0～10
45. T3_pp s
distance relay
Delay time of 4th ph-ph 0～10
46. T4_pp s
distance relay
Delay time of 5th ph-ph 0～10
47. T5_pp s
distance relay
phase over current for 0.5～100(0.1～20)
48. Ioc_VT fail A
voltage FAIL
Zero-sequencs current for 0.5～100(0.1～20)
49. 3Io_VT fail A
voltage FAIL
50. T_VT fail Delay time for voltage FAIL s 0～10
T_PS
Time Power Swing no 0.5～25
51. NOBLOCKIN s
blocking
G
T_VT fail Delay time for voltage FAIL 0～60
52. s
alarm Alarm
53. I_SOTF_Dist phase over current for SOTF A 0.2～20
First stage zero-sequence 0.5～100(0.1～20)

54. 3I01 A
current
Second stage 0.5～100(0.1～20)

55. 3I02 A
zero-sequence current
Third stage zero-sequence 0.5～100(0.1～20)
56. 3I03 A
current
Fourth stage zero-sequence 0.5～100(0.1～20)
57. 3I04 A
current
Delay time of 1st stage 0～10
58. T01 s
-71-
Delay time of 2nd stage 0～10

59. T02 s
Delay time of 3rd stage
60. T03 zero- sequence current s 0～10
relay
Delay time of 4th stage zero- 0～10
61. T04 s
sequence current relay
Current of inverse time zero- 0.5～100(0.05～20)
62. 3I0_INV A
sequence current relay
Time factor of inverse time 0.01～1000
63. T0_factor
Zero-sequencs current
Index of inverse time 0.01～8
64. N0
Delay of inverse time 0～10
65. T0_INV s
delay time of 1-phase 0～10
66. T1p_AR s
reclosure
delay time of 3-phase 0～10
67. T3p_ AR s
reclosure
Phase angle for
Dev_angle Degre 1～80
68. synchronization check (auto
AR e
re-closure)
Reclaim Time (auto 5～25
69. T_Reclaim s
re-closure)
Voltage Diff for synchroni
70. DU_AR zation check (auto V 0～40
re-closure)
Delay time of POL 0.1～10
71. T_PD s
DIS_FUNC
72. OV1_pe 1st stage Over voltage V 1～120
73. OV2_pe 2nd stage Over voltage V 1～120
1st stage Over voltage 0～60
74. Tov1_pe s
Delay time
2nd stage Over voltage 0～60
75. Tov2_pe s
Delay time
76. UV1_pe 1st stage Under voltage V 1～63
77. UV2_pe 2nd stage Under voltage V 1～63
1st stage Under voltage 0～60
78. Tuv1_pe s
Delay time
2nd stage Under voltage 0～60
79. Tuv2_pe s
Delay time
80. Ioc_pe Current of Over current relay A 0.5～100(0.05～20)
81. Toc_pe Time of Over current relay s 0～10
Current of inverse time Over 0.5～100(0.05～20)
82. Ioc_INV A
current relay
Time factor of inverse time 0.01～1000
83. Toc_factor
Over current
Index of inverse time Over 0.01～8
84. Noc
current
Delay of inverse time Over 0～10
85. Toc_INV s
current
Time of SOTF overcurrent 0.05 ~100.0
86. I_SOTF_OC A
relay
-72-
T_SOTF_Ch 0.10 ~10.00

87. Time of CB open checking s
k CB
Imax_2H_Un 0.25 ~100.0
88. Inrush unblocking current A
Blk
Ratio of second harmonic to 0.07 ~0.50
89. Ratio_I2/I1
fundamental current
T2h_Cross_B 0.00~60.00
90. Time of cross-blocking s
lk
Startup Current of Breaker 0.5～100(0.1～20)
91. I_CBF A
FAIL
Startup Zero sequence 0.5～100(0.1～20)
92. 3I0_CBF A
Current of Breaker FAIL
93. T_CBF Delay time of I_BF s 0～2
3I2_BROKE Negative Current of Broken 0.5～10(0.1～2)
94. A
N COND conductor
T_BROKEN Delay time of Broken 0～250
95. s
COND conductor Alarm
T_TRIP_BR Delay time of Broken 0～250
96. s
OKEN conductor Trip
97. I_OverLoad Current of OverLoad relay A 0.2～3(1～15)
98. T_OverLoad Time of OverLoad relay s 1～3600
b) Binary setting Menu

The following Binary setting can be set ―on‖ or ―off‖.
Tab.7-4
NO. Name Setting describe
1. VT_line Connect to line TV
2. VT_bus Connect to bus TV
Report parameter with primary value or secondary
3. Rpt Para in Pri
value
4. VT Fail Check VT
5. CBF_FUNC Operating mode breaker FAIL protection
6. OC_FUNC Operating mode O/C > over current protection
Operating mode O/C _INV>> over current
7. OC_INV _FUNC
protection
8. OC_DIR Directional element of Over current
Directional element of Over current offer fault
9. OC_DIR_FL
location.
10. OC_INV_DIR Directional element of inverse time Over current
Directional element of inverse time Over current
11. OC_ INV_DIR _FL
offer fault location.
12. OV1_TRIP_FUNC Operating mode Vph-e > over voltage protection
13. OV2_TRIP _FUNC Operating mode Vph-e >> over voltage protection
14. UV1_TRIP _FUNC Operating mode Vph-e < Under voltage protection
15. UV2_TRIP _FUNC Operating mode Vph-e << Under voltage protection
16. OV1_ALARM _FUNC Operating mode Vph-e > over voltage protection
17. OV2_ALARM _FUNC Operating mode Vph-e >> over voltage protection
18. UV1_ALARM _FUNC Operating mode Vph-e < Under voltage protection
19. UV2_ALARM _FUNC Operating mode Vph-e << Under voltage protection
20. Weak InFeed_FUNC Weak-source function enabled
-73-

21. Blocking mode blocking mode enabled
22. PUR mode Permissive Under reach mode enabled
23. POR mode Permissive Over reach mode enabled
24. Z1_FUNC Operating mode first zone distance protection
Operating mode first extern zone distance
25. Z1 EXTN_FUNC
protection
26. Z2_FUNC Operating mode second zone distance protection
27. Z3_FUNC Operating mode third zone distance protection
28. Z4_FUNC Operating mode fourth zone distance protection
29. Reverse_Z4 Fourth zone distance relay is settable for reverse
30. Forward_Z4 Fourth zone distance relay is settable for forward
31. Z5_FUNC Operating mode fifth zone distance protection
32. Reverse_Z5 Fifth zone distance relay is settable for reverse
33. Forward_Z5 Fifth zone distance relay is settable for forward
34. OVERLOAD PROT Operating mode overload protection
35. Z1_PS blocking Blocking first zone distance relay when power swing
Blocking second zone distance relay when power
36. Z2_PS blocking
swing
Blocking third zone distance relay when power
37. Z3_PS blocking
swing
Blocking fourth zone distance forward relay when
38. Z4_PS blocking
power swing
Blocking fifth zone distance forward relay when
39. Z5_PS blocking
power swing
40. STUB PROT Over current enabled after loss of measure voltage
41. SOTF Function SOTF
42. SOTF With CB SOTF function with CB open checking
Three phase CB open checking or single phase CB
43. Chk One CB Pole
open checking
44. SOTF With DI SOTF function with DI checking
45. SOTF OC SOTF with overcurrent protection
46. SOTF Inrush Block SOTF with inrush blocking function
47. 3I01_FUNC Operating mode first stage zero current protection.
Operating mode second stage zero current
48. 3I02_FUNC
protection.
49. 3I03_FUNC Operating mode third stage zero current protection.
Operating mode fourth stage zero current
50. 3I04_FUNC
protection.
Operating mode inverse time zero current
51. 3I0_INV FUNC
protection.
52. 3I0_INV DIR Directional element of inverse time zero current
Directional element of inverse time zero current
53. 3I0_INV DIR_FL
54. 3I02_DIR Directional element of second stage zero current
Directional element of second stage zero current
55. 3I02_DIR_FL
56. 3I03_DIR Directional element of third stage zero current
Directional element of third stage zero current offer
57. 3I03_DIR_FL
fault location.
58. 3I04_DIR Directional element of fourth stage zero current
Directional element of fourth stage zero current offer
59. 3I04_DIR_FL
fault location.
60. AR_1p mode Operating mode single-phase reclose protection.
61. AR_3p mode Operating mode three-phase reclose protection.
-74-

Operating mode single and three-phase reclose
62. AR_1p(3p) mode
protection.
63. AR_exit mode Automatic reclosure exit
64. AR_No check Automatic reclosure without checking
65. AR_check low U Automatic reclosure lower voltage check enabled
66. AR_check Syn Automatic reclosure synchronization check enabled
67. PP NO AR NO AR for phase to phase fault
Reclosing caused 1-pole occasional opened
68. AR_CB1
enabled
Reclosing caused 3-pole occasional opened
69. AR_CB3
enabled
70. POL DIS_FUNC Operating mode polar disaccord protection.
BROKEN
71. Broken Conductor Alarm function
COND_Alarm
BROKEN
72. Broken Conductor Trip function
COND_Trip
73. Test Pos. Imp Test impendance
74. DI1 ENABLE DO1 ―DI config1‖ can trigger output
75. DI2 ENABLE DO2 ―DI config2‖ can trigger output
7.3.1.2 Explanation of part settings
1) The setting values are all secondary values if there is no special note.
Impedance setting is set according to positive impedance of line. All
zero-sequence current is 3I0.
2) I_abrupt：0.2In is commonly recommended.
3) In general, the primary value of settings ―I_abrupt, I_PS‖ must be consistent
of both sides of one line. However, for some special instance, if the sensitivity
difference between protections of both sides is too large, the settings of both
sides may also be different.
4) ―I_PS‖：Set by avoiding the maximum load current.
5) reactance compensation factor ： Calculated based on the actual line
parameters, setting value ought to be less than or close to calculation value.
KX = (X0-X1 ) / 3X1
6) resistance compensation factor ： Calculated based on the actual line
parameters, setting value ought to be less than or close to calculation value.
KR = (R0-R1 ) / 3R1
7) mutual inductance factor：Calculated based on the actual line parameters,
setting value ought to be less than or close to calculation value.X0m is zero
sequence mutual inductance reactance with the double lines. 3X1 is positive
reactance that protection equipment locates the line.
Km= X0m/ 3X1
-75-
8) Line positive reactance and resistance： Set according to secondary values of

actual line parameters.
9) Line length：Equal to actual length.
10) Primary rated voltage： Set to be actual rated primary voltage of VT, unit is kV.
Secondary rated voltage need not to be set, which is considered as 110V for
the protection.
11) Primary rated current: Set to be the rated primary current whose unit is kA.
12) Secondary rated current: There are two specifications of rated secondary
current, 1A or 5A.
13) Zone 1 Resistance of earth distance: Set to avoid load impedance.
14) Reactance of 1st ground distance relay： according to 0.8～0.85 times of
positive reactance of full line, it must be lessened properly for lines with
mutual inductance.
15) Zone 2 Resistance of earth distance and Zone 3 Resistance of earth
distance： Set to avoid load impedance.
16) Reactance and delay time of 2nd ground distance relay：Set to be satisfied
with sensitivity and the matched requirements for terminal fault that protect
equipment locate line.
17) Reactance and delay time of 3rd ground distance relay：Set to be satisfied
18) Reactance and delay time of 4th ground distance relay：Set to be satisfied
19) Zone 1 Resistance of earth distance: Set to avoid load impedance.
20) Reactance of 1st ph-ph distance relay: according to 0.8～0.85 times of
positive reactance of full line, it must be lessened properly for lines with
mutual inductance.
21) Reactance and delay time of 2nd ph-ph distance relay: Set to be satisfied with
sensitivity and the matched requirement for terminal fault that protect
22) Reactance and delay time of 3rd ph-ph distance relay: Set to be satisfied with
23) Reactance and delay time of 4th ph-ph distance relay: Set to be satisfied with
-76-
24) Over current setting for VT fail: Only used after VT fail, set by single phase
current to avoid load current and be satisfied with sensitivity for terminal fault.
25) Zero-sequence over current for VT fail: Only used after VT fail, set to be
satisfied with sensitivity for terminal fault.
26) Delay time for VT fail: Delay setting of over current and zero-sequence over
current for VT fail.
27) T_PS NOBLOCKING: Time Power Swing no blocking. Distance trip that it
don‘t need open condition after relay startup for ―T_PS NOBLOCKING‖.
28) Current of the first stage Zero-sequencs current relay：Set to avoid the
maximum Zero-sequencs current at ground fault of current line end.
29) Current and delay time setting of 2nd, 3rd and 4th stage Zero-sequencs current
relay: According to the matched requirements. 4th stage Zero-sequencs
current need not be disenabled during open-phase operation but its delay is
lessened 0.5s than the delay time setting of 4th stage Zero-sequencs current
relay (notice:this delay must be larger than the delay of single-phase
reclosure).
30) Settings of inverse time Zero-sequencs current relay: Standard inverse time
curve is recommended.
31) ―Dev_Angle AR‖：The permissive biggest phase difference between bus
voltage and line angle under synchronization check mode.
32) ―DU_AR‖：The permissive biggest phase difference between bus voltage and
line voltage under synchronization check mode.
33) Current threshold of Zero-sequencs current auxiliary pickup element need not
be set independently, which is created automatically considering sensitivity
coefficient according to the minimum of the settings of fourth stage of
Zero-sequencs current and pilot Zero-sequencs current.
34) ―I_CBF‖: Startup Current of Breaker FAIL, The setting is phase current.
35) 3I2_BROKEN COND: Negative Current of distinguish Broken conductor. The
setting is 3I2.
7.3.1.3 Explain of binary setting
1) Conditions of enable weak-source function (including weak-source trip): If one

terminal is power source while another one is weak-source, weak- source
function of line protection at weak-source terminal must be enabled, but that
at power source should not be enabled. When both terminals are all power
source, one terminal may be changed into weak-source due to operation
mode changed, then, this terminal needs to be enabled the weak-source
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function while the remote should not be enabled that. That is only one of both
terminals is enabled this bit.
2) Blocking mode: If this bit is set to ―on‖, bits ―POR mode‖ and ―PUR mode‖
must be set to ―off‖. Under this mode, if zone4 of distance for reverse direction
act relay need to send blocking signal, close the contacts of send signal to
transmit blocking signal, if need to stop sending blocking signal, open the
contacts of sending signal to stop sending blocking signal.
3) POR mode: If this bit is set to ―on‖, bits ―Blocking mode‖ and ―PUR mode‖
must be set to ―off‖. Under this mode, if zone2 of distance act relay need send
permissive signal, close the contacts of sending signal to send permissive
signal, if need to stop sending permissive signal, open the contacts of sending
signal to stop sending permissive signal.
4) PUR mode: If this bit is set to ―on‖, bits ―Blocking mode‖ and ―POR mode‖
must be set to ―off‖. Under this mode, if zone2 of distance act relay need send
permissive signal, close the contacts of sending signal to send permissive
signal, if need to stop sending permissive signal, open the contacts of sending
signal to stop sending permissive signal.
5) Distance protection function enabled: zone 1, zone 2, zone 3 and zone4 can
separately enabled.
6) Reverse_Z4 and forward_Z4: zone4 of distance can be select act for reverse
direction or forward direction.
7) Power swing Blocking: zone 1, zone 2, zone 3 and zone4 can separately
select to blocking or unblocking during power swing. When the bit is set to
―on‖, distance relay must be enabled by power swing blocking elements after
sudden-change current startup element has been operating for 150ms or loss
of stability detector operates. If the bit is set to ―off‖, zone distance relay is
enabled from startup to whole system reset.
8) Zero protection function enabled: stage 1, stage 2, stage 3, stage 4 and
inverse time zero current can separately enabled.
9) Inverse time Zero-sequencs current direction enabled: If this bit is set to ―on‖,
inverse time Zero-sequencs current trip when fault occur at forward direction.
If this bit is set to ―off‖, inverse time Zero-sequencs current can trip whatever
fault occurs at forward direction or inverse direction.
10) Over current enabled after VT fail: If it is set to ―on‖, over current and
zero-sequence over current for VT fail will be enabled after VT fail. If this bit is
set to ―off‖, only Zero-sequencs current relays set without directional element
are reserved after VT fail, distance relay and the other Zero-sequencs current
relays set with directional element are all disenabled.
-78-
11) Bits of no check enabled, lower voltage check enabled and synchronization
check enabled: All of these three modes are autoreclosure check modes, if
anyone of them is set to ―on‖, the others must be set to ―off‖.
12) Single- or three-phase occasional mal-tripping to pick up autoreclosure: If it is
set to ―off‖, when single- or three-phase occasional mal-tripping occurs,
autoreclosure will not operate. If it is set to ―on‖, when single- or three-phase
occasional mal-tripping occurs, autoreclose is performed with settled mode
and delay time.
7.3.2 Equipment Parameter
Abbr.
NO. Meaning Unit Setting range
(LCD Display)
1. Pre Fault Time of recorder before fault occur s 0.05~0.3
2. Post Fault Time of recorder after fault occur s 1~4.5
NO. Abbr.(LCD
Meaning
Display)
1. CB OPEN A Input of CB OPEN A trigger DR
2. CB OPEN A
Input of CB OPEN A from ‗1‘ to ‗0‘trigger DR
DOWN
3. CB OPEN B Input of CB OPEN B trigger DR
4. CB OPEN B
Input of CB OPEN B from ―1‖to ―0‖ trigger DR
DOWN
5. CB OPEN C Input of CB OPEN C trigger DR
6. CB OPEN C
Input of CB OPEN C from ―1‖to ―0‖ trigger DR
DOWN
7. A/R BLOCK Input of A/R BLOCK trigger DR
8. A/R BLOCK
Input of A/R BLOCK from ―1‖to ―0‖ trigger DR
DOWN
9. INIT 3PH AR Input of INIT 3PH AR trigger DR
10. INIT 3PH AR
Input of INIT 3PH AR from ―1‖to ―0‖ trigger DR
DOWN
11. INIT 1PH AR Input of INIT 1PH AR trigger DR
12. INIT IPH AR
Input of INIT 1PH AR from ―1‖to ―0‖ trigger DR
DOWN
13. BB/CBF OPTD Input of BB/CBF OPTD trigger DR
14. BB/CBF OPTD
Input of BB/CBF OPTD from ―1‖to ―0‖ trigger DR
DOWN
15. CAR
Input of CAR RECV_DIST trigger DR
RECV_DIST
16. CAR
RECV_DIST Input of CAR RECV_DIST from ―1‖to ―0‖ trigger DR
DOWN
17. CAR
Input of CAR RECV_DEF trigger DR
RECV_DEF
18. CAR
Input of CAR RECV_DEF from ―1‖to ―0‖ trigger DR
RECV_DEF
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DOWN
19. DIRECT TRIP
Input of DIRECT TRIP RECV trigger DR
RECV
20. DIRECT TRIP
Input of DIRECT TRIP RECV from ―1‖to ―0‖ trigger DR
RECV DOWN
21. CAR FAIL_DIST Input of CAR FAIL_DIST trigger DR
22. CAR FAIL_DIST
Input of CAR FAIL_DIST from ―1‖to ―0‖ trigger DR
DOWN
23. CAR FAIL_DEF Input of CAR FAIL_DEF trigger DR
24. CAR FAIL_DEF
Input of CAR FAIL_DEF from ―1‖to ―0‖ trigger DR
DOWN
25. INIT CBF A_PH Input of INIT CBF A_PH trigger DR
26. INIT CBF A_PH
Input of INIT CBF A_PH from ―1‖to ―0‖ trigger DR
DOWN
27. INIT CBF B_PH Input of INIT CBF B_PH trigger DR
28. INIT CBF B_PH
Input of INIT CBF B_PH from ―1‖to ―0‖ trigger DR
DOWN
29. INIT CBF C_PH Input of INIT CBF C_PH trigger DR
30. INIT CBF C_PH
Input of INIT CBF C_PH from ―1‖to ―0‖ trigger DR
DOWN
31. INIT CBF 3_PH Input of INIT CBF 3_PH trigger DR
32. INIT CBF 3_PH
Input of INIT CBF 3_PH from ―1‖to ―0‖ trigger DR
DOWN
33. 1PH TRIP
Input of 1PH TRIP ENABLE trigger DR
ENABLE
34. 1PH TRIP
Input of 1PH TRIP ENABLE from ―1‖to ―0‖ trigger DR
DOWN
35. STUB PROT
Input of STUB PROT ENABLE trigger DR
ENABLE
36. STUB PROT
Input of STUB PROT ENABLE from ―1‖to ―0‖ trigger DR
DOWN
37. DI CONFIG1
Input of DI CONFIG1 trigger DR
ENABLE
38. DI CONFIG1
Input of DI CONFIG1 from ―1‖to ―0‖ trigger DR
DOWN
39. DI CONFIG2
ENABLE
40. DI CONFIG2
DOWN
41. DI CONFIG3
ENABLE
42. DI CONFIG3
DOWN
43. VT fail trigger
VT fail trigger DR
DR
7.3.3Communication parameters
The communication parameters of CSC-101 series system are all the same.
Each meaning of them and their setup methods are shown in Tab.7-5.
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Tab.7-5
No Parameter Range Setup method Remark
.
01 Current setting 00～31 Use 《＋》and 《－》 Current number of
zone keys on faceplate to setting zone
modify current setting
zone number
02 Device address 10～ABH Enter into menu system Address range ： 10 ～
setup—communication ABH。
address—Lon network
and 485 address
03 Baud rate of 9600 Means that baud rate of (192000 and 38400
series port RS485 is 9600 can be set)
04 Bay Name Set actual line name by CSPC Character numbers of
program or ISN on panel line name can not be
larger than 30
05 Type of 101 B2H Enter into menu system function code of
setup—101 function CSC-101 is B2H
type to set
IEC60870-5-103
function code
06 Time Mode Network Enter into menu system Optional network
mode, setup—timing mode mode, pulse mode
pulse mode based on GPS
07 Protocol type Communic Enter into menu system CSC-2000 protocol can
ation setup—protocol option be selected for LON
protocol net or Ethernet. This
V1.20 option need not be
Communic disposed when
ation information of
protocol IEC60870-5-103
V1.10 protocol are output
from port 485.
08 SOE reset Manual Enter into menu system Optional manual reset
reset, setup—SOE reset (receive reset
automatic command to reset
reset SOE) or automatic
reset (reset SOE in
10s)
09 Address of ***.***.***. Enter into menu system Set according to local
Ethernet 1 *** setup—communication condition, can not be
(net section address—Ethernet 1 the same as section 2
1.2.3.4) or 3 Ethernet 2
10 Address of ***.***.***.** Enter into menu system Set according to local
Ethernet 2 * setup—communication condition, can not be
(net section address—Ethernet 2 the same as section 2
1.2.3.4) or 3 Ethernet 1. If it is
connected to CSN
protocol switched case
to extend RS-485,
address of Ethernet 2
must be set as:
10.10.6.124
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7.4 Annunciations
7.4.1Event reports
Event reports are shown in Tab.7-6.

Tab.7-6
Abbr.
No. Meaning
(LCD Display)
1 Relay Startup Protection startup
2 Z Startup Impedance element startup
3 3I0 Startup Zero-sequencs current startup
4 PSB Startup current startup for Power swing
5 Z1 Trip Zone I distance relay trip
6 Z2 Trip Zone II distance relay trip
7 Z3 Trip Zone III distance relay trip
8 Z4 Trip Zone IV distance relay trip
9 Z Trip_SOTF distance relay speed up trip after switching on to fault(SOTF)
10 RELAY Trip 3-ph trip for only 2-ph trip
11 RE- Trip NO AR Permanent trip for 3-ph FAIL to trip
12 3P Trip (1T_Fail) 3-ph trip for single-ph FAIL to trip
13 Z1 Trip _Evol distance relay Zone I trip for evolving fault
14 Fault Location Fault location
15 Z Location Impedance of fault location
16 3I01 Trip First stage Zero-sequencs current relay trip
17 3I02 Trip Second stage time-delayed Zero-sequencs current relay trip
18 3I03 Trip Third stage time-delayed Zero-sequencs current relay trip
19 3I04 Trip Fourth stage time-delayed Zero-sequencs current relay trip
20 Zero-sequencs current relay speed up trip after switching on
3I0 SOTF Trip
to fault(SOTF)
21 Reclose Reclosing operation
22 AR fail FAIL to reclose
23 1P Trip Start AR Reclosing caused by 1-phase tripping(1T)
24 3P Trip Start AR Reclosing caused by 3-phase tripping(3T)
25 AR_CB(1) Reclosing caused single-pole occasional opened
26 AR_CB(3) Reclosing caused three-pole occasional opened
27 AR_Blk for 3T 3-phase tripping blocking auto reclosing
28 O/V1 Trip 1st stage Over voltage trip
29 O/V2 Trip 2nd stage Over voltage trip
30 U/V1 Trip 1st stage Over voltage trip
31 U/V2 Trip 2nd stage Over voltage trip
32 OC1 Trip 1st stage Over current trip
33 OC2 Trip 2nd stage Over current trip
34 SYN phase Change Synchronization phase change phase-A(B、C)
35 AR_Blk For 1T 1-phase tripping blocking reclosing
36 OC Trip_VT Fail Over current trip under measure voltage FAIL
37 Start A-PH CBF A phase breaker FAIL startup
38 Start B-PH CBF B phase breaker FAIL startup
39 Start C-PH CBF C phase breaker FAIL startup
40 Start 3-PH CBF Three phase breaker FAIL startup
41 Pilot Trip Pilot protection trip
42 Pilot Trip _EVOL Pilot protection trip for developing fault
43 A/R Block Blocking auto reclose
44 Z Stop Signal Stopping signal by pilot impedance
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45 CBO Stop Signal Stopping signal by current breaker open(CBO)

46 Weak Stop Signal Stopping signal by pilot protection at Weak feeder(WF)
47 Z Send Signal Transmitting signal by pilot impedance
48 CBO Send Signal Transmitting signal by current breaker open(CBO)
49 Weak Send Signal Transmitting signal by pilot protection at Weak feeder (WF)
50 3I0_INV Trip Inverse Zero-sequencs current trip
51 DI AR_BLK Input of block auto-reclose
52 Direct Trip Send Input of ―B/LBB OPTD‖
53 Direct Trip RECV Input of ―Direct Trip RECV‖
54 Sync Fail AR check synchronization fail
55 POL DIS Startup Disaccord Protection startup
56 POL DIS Trip Disaccord Protection trip
57 3I0 Send Signal Send signal by pilot zero sequence
58 Pilot DEF Trip Protection of pilot zero sequence
59 OC Startup Over current Protection startup
60 DICHANGE Digital input change
61 BRKN COND Trip protection of broken conductor Trip
62 Z5 Trip Zone V distance relay trip
63 Z1 Extn Trip Zone I Extern distance relay trip
64 Fault Vol The voltage of fault
65 Fault Curr The current of fault
66 VT Fail VT fail
67 OC Trip_SOTF SOTF with overcurrent protection trip
68 Inrush Blk Inrush blcoking
7.4.2 Alarm report
a) Alarm I is shown in Tab.7-7a.

Tab.7-7a
No. Abbr. Meaning
(LCD Display)
1 Sample Err Sampling data of analog input (AI) are error.
2 EquipPara Err Equipment parameter is error.
3 ROM Verify Err CRC verification to sum of ROM of CPU is error.
4 Setting Err Setting value is error
5 Set Group Err Pointer of setting group is error
6 DO No Response Digital output (DO) has no response.
7 DO Breakdown Digital output (DO) is of breakdown.
8 DO EEPROM Err EEPROM of digital output (DO) is error.
b) Alarm II is shown in Tab.7-7b.

Tab. 7-7b
No. Abbr. Meaning
(LCD Display)
1 DI Comm Fail Communication failure in digital input (DI)
2 DO Comm Fail Communication failure in digital output (DO)
3 Test DO Un-reset Digital output (DO)-test has not been reset.
4 DI Breakdown Digital input (DI) is of breakdown.
5 DI Input Err The input of digital input (DI) is error.
2-position input discordance, i.e. status of NC and NO
6 NO/NC Discord
discord.
7 DI Check Err Self-checking circuit of digital input (DI) is error.
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8 DI EEPROM Err EEPROM of digital input (DI) is error.

9 SRAM Check Err SRAM self-checking is error.
10 FLASH Check Err Flash self-checking is error.
11 DI Config Err Digital input configuration is error.
12 DO Config Err Digital output configuration is error.
13 VT Fail Loss of measure voltage
14 Overload line load current more than the setting of ―I_PS‖
15 CARR Fail Alarm Check input of ―CARRIER FAIL‖
16 CT Fail Loss of measure current
A phase auxiliary contacts of CB is detected, and phase A
17 CB Open A Err
has current, this alarm is sent out.
B phase auxiliary contacts of CB is detected, and phase B
18 CB Open B Err
C phase auxiliary contacts of CB is detected, and phase C
19 CB Open C Err
During system normal operation, under synchronism
check for auto-reclose modes，if the voltages between line
20 SYN Voltage Err
and bus can not meet the setting synchronism condition,
alarms.
If three-phase current or voltage is not positive sequence
21 3-PH SEQ Err
during normal operation, this alarms.
Calibration regulated, input values are not consistent with
22 AI Channel Err
basic value. Regulate calibration again.
23 3I0 Reverse Phasor of external 3I0 and self-calculate 3I0 are reverse.
Current exists in 5s after permanent trip is sent out,
24 Re-Trip Fail
alarms.
If 3rd harmonic of voltage is excessive during normal
25 Harmonic Alarm
operation, alarms.
If any two kinds of blocking mode, PUR mode and POR
26 Pilot FUNC Alarm
mode are enabled at the same time, alarms.
Two kinds of synchronization check, no-voltage check and
27 AR FUNC Alarm
no-synchronization are enabled at the same time, alarms.
28 Config Err Replace corresponding CPU module
If two kinds of VT_line, VT_bus are enabled at the same
29 VT Choice Alarm
time, alarms.
If two kinds of Reverse_Z4, Forward_Z4 are enabled at
30 Z4 Choice Alarm
the same time, alarms.
31 Broken Conductor Check line
Input of ―START CBF A-PH‖, ―START CBF B-PH‖,―START
32 DI_CBF Err
CBF C-PH‖, ―START CBF 3-PH‖ is error.
Over voltage exists in 5s after permanent trip is sent out,
33 OV/UV Trip Fail
alarms.
34 DI_ICON Err
35 ICON Trip Fail Icon exists in 5s after permanent trip is sent out, alarms.
36 3I0 Imbalance Imbalance of Ia,Ib,Ic
If two kinds of Reverse_Z4, Forward_Z4 are enabled at
37 Z5 Choice Alarm the same time, alarms.
If two kinds of Z5_FUNC, Z1 EXTN_FUNC are enabled at
38 Z1 Extn Err the same time, alarms.
39 O/V1 Alarm Phase voltage more than the setting of ―OV1_pe‖
40 O/V2 Alarm Phase voltage more than the setting of ―OV2_pe‖
41 U/V1 Alarm Phase voltage more than the setting of ―UV1_pe‖
42 U/V2 Alarm Phase voltage more than the setting of ―UV2_pe‖
43 SOTF DI Err DI for SOTF function error
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c) Alarm messages of Master module are shown in Tab. 7-8a.
Tab. 7-8a
No. Report Detail Solutions
1 Communication Communication CPU working abnormlity or CAN
Fail failure network communication error. Check
CPU working status, or check CAN
network on backboard.
2 DevPara Discord Device parameter Solidify parameter once more, and
discordance power on again, this alarm should
disappear
3 SetGroup Discord Setting group Switch setting zone once more, and
discordance power on again, this alarm should
disappear
4 Setting Discord Setting Solidify setting once more, and power
(CSPC: Setting discordance on again, this alarm should disappear
Differential)
5 Connector Discord Connector On or off strap once more, and power
discordance on again, this alarm should disappear
LON1 Comm Fail LON1 If LON1 need not be configured ，
6 Communication cancel configuration of LON1 from
failure system option menu of debugging
menu for leaving factory, and power
on again. This alarm should
disappear. If LON1 needs to be
configured， it is necessary to replace
MD3120 chip
7 LON2 Comm Fail LON2 If LON2 need not be configured ，
Communication cancel configuration of LON2 from
failure system option menu of debugging
menu for leaving factory, and power
on again. This alarm should
disappear. If LON2 needs to be
configured， it is necessary to replace
MD3120 chip
8 Write Set Fail Write settingWrite setting again
failure
9 Write DevPara Fail Write device Write device parameter again
parameter failure
No responsion for It is possible that the address of two CPU modules are the
summoning CPU same, one of CPU modules is not inserted or is connected
configuration badly.
Alarm code ×× One of CPU modules is disenabled.
-85-
7.4.3 Operating reports
Operating reports are shown in Tab. 7-8b.

Tab. 7-8b
No. Abbr. Meaning
(LCD Display)
1 SwSetGroup OK Successful to switch setting group.
2 Write Set OK Successful to write setting values.
3 WriteEquipParaOK Successful to write equipment parameter.
4 WriteConfig OK Successful to write configuration.
5 AdjScale OK Successful to adjust scale of analog input (AI).
6 ClrConfig OK Successful to clear configuration.
7 VT OK VT becoming normality
8 Test DO OK Successful to digital output (DO) drive-test.
9 DI Change Status of digital input (DI) has changed.
10 AdjDrift OK Successful to adjust zero drift of analog input (AI).
11 SYN Phase Change Synchronization phase change phase-A(or B、C)
12 A/R Block Blocking reclosing
13 AR_BLK For 3T 3-phase tripping blocking reclosing
14 CBO Stop Signal Stopping signal by circuit breaker open(CBO)
15 CBO Send Signal Transmitting signal by circuit breaker open(CBO)
16 BB/CBF OPTD Stopping signal by input of ―B/LBB OPTD‖
17 Direct Trip RECV input of ―Direct Trip RECV‖
7.5 Testing and commissioning
7.5.1 Analog channel check
This test needs to be performed for CPU1 and CPU2 respectively. If one CPU is
disenabled, ―The selected CPU disenabled or inexistence‖ will be displayed during
menu operation.
Before the device leaves factory, zero drift and calibration have been regulated,
only examination needs in locale. To examine calibration, enter into measuring
quantities or analog quantities menu at first, then enter into analog quantities menu to
do it. If they don‘t meet requirements, regulate them according to the following
methods. Notice to increase the setting value of startup elements.
7.5.1.1 Zero drift check
To regulate zero drift, disconnect the device with testing instrument or standard
source to ensure not any input in AC terminal of the device. Enter into main
menu—testing—AdjDrift, select all, and confirm it, then zero drift regulation can be
performed. If regulation succeeds, report ―AdjDrift OK‖. After this, select main
menu—testing—ViewDrift, current channel must be less than 0.1A (rated value of TA
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5A) or 0.02A (rated value of TA 1A), voltage channel must be less than 0.1V.
7.5.1.2 Regulate calibration
Connect input terminals of voltage UA, UB, UC and UX together, and connect UN
and UX‘ together, employ testing instrument with grade 0.5 and the above whose
outputs UA and UN are connected to protection terminals X1-a10 and b10. Current
outputs of testing instrument are connected to protection terminals X1-a1 and b4, and
current terminals of the protection are in series by polarity terminal. Enter into main
menu—testing—AdjScale, press keys 《up down left right》 and 《SET》 to select all,
set the regulation value to In and 50V, output AC quantities from testing instrument to
the protection system, then confirm these to execute. If fail to operate, LCD displays
analog channel error and the number of error channel. Check whether connection,
standard value and version are right or not.
7.5.1.3 Precision and linearity testing for analog
After finishing calibration and zero drift regulation, measure linear error using
testing instrument with grade 0.5 and the abover, and write down testing result.
Requirements: For secondary rated current 5A of TA, input currents 25A, 10A (the
lasting time of the abover two is unallowed to exceed 10s), 2A, 1A and 0.4A
respectively. For secondary rated current 1A of TA, input currents 5A, 2A, 0.5A, 0.2A
and 0.08A. Supply voltage 60V, 30V, 5V, 1V and 0.4V respectively. Observe LCD
display or enter into main menu—testing—ViewScale, ask that the difference
between LCD display value and external meter is less than 0.1V for 0.4V and 1V of
voltage channel, the others are less than 2.5, and current channel error is less than
0.02In for 0.08In and 0.2In, the others are less than 2.5％.
7.5.2 Configuration of operation and memory functions
Switch on DC power supply, the setting steps are described as follows to initialize
CPU.
Press ―QUIT‖ and ―SET‖ at the same time, enter into debugging menu.
a) Enter into the menu of ―CPU setup‖, enable all CPU1 and CPU2，press the key of
SET to save. And energize the device once again.
b)Enter main menu- Set Time，use square keyboard to set clock to current time. Then
return to the normal display LCD screen, observe whether the running clock is normal
or not. Cut off DC power supply for 5 min, then switch on, check the time and date
displayed in LCD screen to conform that the clock is running and nicety during power
turnoff.
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d) Enter into main menu－testing－SwSetGrp，switch to a zone of the most

common use such as zone 00.
e) Enter into main menu－settings－prot.，write protection setting, the default
written zone is 00.
f) Enter into main menu－setup－CommAddr
Set the address of Lon network and RS-485 port whose range is 10H～ABH
（the address of our device can not be repeated）.
Examine that ―the address of Ethernet 1‖ and ―that of Ethernet 2‖are not set to
be 0.
g) Enter into main menu－setup－BayName，input the actual name and serial
number of line by means of ISN(internal statement number)(as shown at
appendix) on faceplate （or directly input by CSPC program）.
h) Enter into main menu － setup － Protocol to select a kind of time
synchronization mode.
If timing mode of minute pulse or that of second pulse is selected, symbol ―*‖ is
displayed at top right corner of LCD after GPS timing succeeds.
I) Enter into main menu-setup-SetPrint-RecPrt Setup （ setup already when
leaving factory, just examine and confirm it ）， press SET, the following is
displayed.
Select CPU
CSC101 B
Press SET to display the following:
Select record type
Print setup for analog quality（shown
in Tab. 7-9-a）
Print setup for digital input（shown in
Tab. 7-9-b）
Tab. 7-9-a
Analog quality Type B Analog quality Type B Analog quality Type B
Ia √ Ua √ Ia R ×
Ib √ Ub √ Ib R ×
Ic √ Uc √ Ic R ×
3I 0 √ 3U0_COUNT √ 3 I0 R ×
IN √ Ux √
Tab. 7-9-b
Name description CSC101B
Relay Startup Relay startup √
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A_Phase Trip A-phase trip √

B_Phase Trip B-phase trip √
C_Phase Trip C-phase trip √
3_Phase Trip 3-phase trip √
CARR DIST Send Send signal of distance √
CB Open A_Phase A phase auxiliary contacts of CB, √
CB Open B_Phase B phase auxiliary contacts of CB √
CB Open C_Phase C phase auxiliary contacts of CB √
Reclose Relay Reclose √
B/LBB OPTD Input of other relay action √
CARR DIST RECV signal input of diatance √
Direct Trip RECV Input of direct trip √
DI_Init 1PH A/R Input of Reclose picked by one-pole trip √
Input of Reclose picked by other relay √
DI_Init 3PH A/R
three-pole trip
DI_A/R LockOut Blocking reclose √
Start CBF A_PH Input of Start A-PH CBF √
Start CBF B_PH Input of Start B-PH CBF √
Start CBF C_PH Input of Start C-PH CBF √
Start CBF 3_PH Input of Start 3-PH CBF √
CBF OPERATED Output of CBF OPERATED √
U/V&O/V Trip Output of undervoltage or overvoltage √
CARR DEF Send Send signal of zero √
CARR DEF RECV signal input of zero √
CAR Fail DIST Input of diatance Carrier fail √
CAR Fail DEF Input of zero Carrier fail √
STUB PROT Input of STUB PROT enable √
VT Fail Output of VT fail √
SOTF Output of SOTF √
BRKNCOND/POL DIS Output of BRKNCOND/POL DIS √
BRKNCOND/POL DIS Output of BRKNCOND/POL DIS √
Zone1 OPTD Output of Zone1 OPTD √
AIDED TRIP Output of AIDED TRIP √
DEF STG1 OPTD Output of DEF STG1 OPTD √
WK END INFD Output of WK END INFD √
BU OC&EF Output of BU OC&EF √
Initiate 1PH A/R Output of Initiate 1PH A/R √
Initiate 3PH A/R Output of Initiate 3PH A/R √
A/R LockOut Output of A/R LockOut √
1PH TRIP ENABLE Input of 1PH TRIP ENABLE √
STUB PROT ENABLE Input of STUB PROT ENABLE √
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CONFIG_DI1 Input of CONFIG_DI1 √

Note：where ―√‖ means that the corresponding input is selected while ―×‖ is not
selected，blank means none.
Enter into main menu-setup-SetPrint-Print Mode，press SET to display the
following：
Print mode setup
Print record automatically √
Print control word √
Print format of record data wave
If ―Print record automatically‖ is set to ―√‖, record wave will be printed after fault. If it is
set to ―×‖, only fault reports will be printed while record wave will not, and record
wave need to be fetched. If Print control word is set to ―√‖, contents of control word
can be printed, if ―×‖, contents of control word cannot be printed. Print format of record
data can be set to format of ―wave‖ or ―data‖ with 《UP》 and 《DOWN》 keys.
The recommended setup is ―Print record automatically‖, ―Print control word‖ and ―Print
format of record data‖ set to wave. If the protection operating results have some
questions, suggest that set “Print format of record data” to “data” at first, then,
print a record wave again（or use shortcut key F1 to directly print the latest one
of record data）, after that, device testing can be followed. This can avoid losing
data, and causing disadvantage for furthermore analysis.
J) Check version of software
Enter into main menu－OpStatus－EquipCod，write down the device type,
version of each software and code of CRC, check the version consistent with the valid
version.
k) Check print function
1) main menu－Print－ProtSet Enter into this menu, select setting zone to print
setting. The printer ought to print correctly.
2) main menu－Print－Report Enter into this menu, select report or operation
record to print, the printer ought to print correctly.
3) Enter into main menu－Print－Setup, select such as running state, system
parameters and sampled data print etc respectively to print.
4) Testing print function of shortcut key on front panel: Use shortcut key on the
faceplate to print, the printer ought to print normally.
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7.5.3 Configuration of the protective functions
Protection functions of CSC-101 are fixed. It needs not configure.
7.5.4 Check binary inputs, binary outputs and LED indicators
The function of the binary inputs and outputs represented in the general diagrams
relate to the factory settings. The assignment of the inputs and outputs of the internal
functions can be rear ranged and thus adapted to the on-site conditions.
7.5.4.1Check binary inputs
a)Enter into main menu－OpStatus－DI, check the current state of each digital
input.
Connect +110V or +220V for X4:c2~c26 terminals and Connect +24V for
X4:a2~a26 terminals shown in Tab.11 as bellow, the corresponding inputs displayed
on the faceplate are valid. If certain input is error, check the corresponding optical
isolator, resistance etc are false welded, welded in reverse, or damaged.
Tab. 11
Name of input description DC voltage Terminals
RESET Reset signal +24V X4:a8
Input of A phase circuit breaker DC + X4:c4
CB OPEN A-PHASE
open
Input of B phase circuit breaker DC + X4:c6
CB OPEN B-PHASE
open
Input of C phase circuit breaker DC + X4:c8
CB OPEN C-PHASE
open
B/LBB OPTD Input of other relay action DC + X4:c14
CAR RECV(DIST) Input of distance signal DC + X4:c10
CAR RECV(DEF) Input of zero_def signal DC + X4:c24
DIRECT TRIP RECV Input of direct trip DC + X4:c12
CARR FAIL DIST Input of distance carrier fail DC + X4:c20
CARR FAIL DEF Input of zero_def carrier fail DC + X4:c26
A/R BLOCK Blocking auto reclose DC + X4:c22
INITIATE 3PH A/R Initiate three phase reclose DC + X4:a18
INITIATE 1PH A/R Initiate single phase reclose DC + X4:a16
Input of initiate A phase circuit DC + X4:a12
START CBF A-PH
breaker failure
Input of initiate B phase circuit DC + X4:a14
START CBF B-PH
breaker failure
Input of initiate C phase circuit DC + X4:a16
START CBF C-PH
breaker failure
Input of initiate three phase DC + X4:a18
START CBF 3-PH
circuit breaker failure
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1PH_TRIP_ENABLE Single trip when AR exit DC + X4:a20

STUB PROT Input of Stub protect control DC + X4:a22
ENABLE
REM ACCESS BLK Input of blocking remote control +24V X4:a4
RELAY TEST Test relay +24V X4:a6
DI_CONFIG1 Input of name can be configured DC + X4:c30
DI_CONFIG2 Input of name can be configured DC + X4:c32
CLOSE SWITCH Input of name can be configured DC + X4:a24
Input of set can be change the DC + X4:a32
DI set G3
setting group 3.
7.5.4.2Check binary outputs
Enter into main menu－Test Do to perform output test. When output test is made,
the contacts of the corresponding relay ought to operate with lighting signal while
other contacts do not operate. Press button RESET on the faceplate to reset the
drived output. Test results should be consistent with the following table.
The output test of CSC101 B is shown in Tab.13。
Tab. 13
SN Item Contacts for Panel Lights To be displayed Conclusion
connection to be in ON on MMI
status
1. ALARM I X10:c26-a26 Flash of Run Test DO OK
X10:c28-a28 light ALARM I
Flash of
Alarm lamp
2. ALARM ii X10:c30-a30 Flash of Run Test DO OK
X10:c32-a32 light ALARM II
Light-on of
Alarm lamp
3. A_Phase Trip X7:a2-a4 Flash of Run Test DO OK
X7:c2-c4 light A_Phase Trip
X8:a2-a4 X8:c2-c4 Light-on of
X9:a2-a4 Trip A lamp
X9:a10-a12
4. B_Phase Trip X7:a2-a6 Flash of Run Test DO OK
X7:c2-c6 light B_Phase Trip
X8:a2-a6 X8:c2-c6 Light-on of
X9:a2-a4 Trip B lamp
X9:a10-a12
5. C_Phase Trip X7:a2-a8 Flash of Run Test DO OK
X7:c2-c8 light C_Phase Trip
X8:a2-a8 Light-on of
X8:c2-c8 TripC lamp
X9:a2-a4
X9:a10-a12
6. 3_Phase Trip X7:a2-a4 Flash of Run Test DO OK
X7:c2-c4 X7:a2-a6 light 3_Phase Trip
X7:c2-c6 Light-on of
X7:a2-a8 Trip A, B and
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status
X7:c2-c8 C
X7:a10-a10
X7:c12-c12
X8:a2-a4 X8:c2-c4
X8:a2-a6 X8:c2-c6
X8:a2-a8
X8:c2-c8
X9:a2-a4
X9:a10-a12
7. Initiate 1PH AR X8:a10-c10 Flash of Run Test DO OK
X8:a12-c12 light Initiate 1PH AR
8. Initiate 3PH AR X8:a14-c14 Flash of Run Test DO OK
X8:a16-c16 light Initiate 3PH AR
9. CARR X9:c18-a18 Flash of Run Test DO OK
Send(DIST) X9:c20-a20 light CARR
Send(DIST)
10. CARR X9:c22-a22 Flash of Run Test DO OK
Send(DEF) X9:c24-a24 light CARR Send(DEF)
11. Direct Trip Send X9:c26-a26 Flash of Run Test DO OK
X9:c28-a28 light Direct Trip Send
12. CARR Fail X9:c2-c8 Flash of Run Test DO OK
X9:c10-c16 light CARR Fail
13. AR Close CB X7:c14-a14 Flash of Run Test DO OK
X7:c16-a16 light AR Close CB
X9:a2-a8 Light-on of
X9:a10-a16 Reclose
14. UV&OV Alarm X10:c2-c8 Flash of Run Test DO OK
X10:c10-c16 light UV&OV Alarm
Light-on of
Trip A, B and
C
15. CBF OPTD X7:c18-a18 Flash of Run Test DO OK
X7:c20-a20 light CBF OPTD
X9:a2-a6
X9:a10-a14
16. STUB PROT X10:c2-c4 Flash of Run Test DO OK
X10:c10-c12 light STUB PROT
Light-on of
Trip A, B and
C
17. A/R Lockout X9:c2-c4 Flash of Run Test DO OK
X9:c10-c12 light A/R Lockout
18. VT Fail X10:a2-a4 Flash of Run Test DO OK
X10:a10-a12 light VT Fail
19. BRKNCOND/POL X10:a2-a8 Flash of Run Test DO OK
DIS X10:a10-a16 light BRKNCOND/POL
DIS
20. SOTF X9:c2-c6 Flash of Run Test DO OK
X9:c10-c14 light SOTF
Light-on of
Trip A, B and
C
21. AIDED TRIP X7:c26-a26 Flash of Run Test DO OK
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status
X7:c28-a28 light AIDED TRIP
Light-on of
Trip A, B and
C
22. DEF_STG1 X7:c30-a30 Flash of Run Test DO OK
OPTD X7:c32-a32 light DEF_STG1 OPTD
Light-on of
Trip A, B and
C
23. Direct Trip RECV X9:c30-a30 Flash of Run Test DO OK
X9:c32-a32 light Direct Trip RECV
24. Weak End Infeed X10:c2-c6 Flash of Run Test DO OK
X10:c10-c14 light Weak End Infeed
25. PSB X10:a2-a6 Flash of Run Test DO OK
X10:a10-a14 light PSB
26. Zone1 OPTD X8:c18-a18 Flash of Run Test DO OK
X8:c20-a20 light Zone1 OPTD
Light-on of
Trip A, B and
C
Light-on of
Trip A, B and
C
Light-on of
Trip A, B and
C
Light-on of
Trip A, B and
C
30. BU OC&EF X7:c22-a22 Flash of Run Test DO OK
X7:c24-a24 light BU OC&EF
Light-on of
Trip A, B and
C
31. DO_CONFIG1 X10:c18-a18 Flash of Run Test DO OK
10:c20-a20 light DO_CONFIG1
32. DO_CONFIG2 X10:c22-a22 Flash of Run Test DO OK
10:c24-a24 light DO_CONFIG2
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7.6 Commissioning using primary tests
7.6.1Testing operating value and measuring operating time of protection
system
Short b1～b4 of AC module X1, IA, IB, IC and IN outputs of testing instrument are
connected to terminals X1-a1, X1-a2, X1-a3 and X1-a4 of the device, input rated
current and three-phase symmetry voltage 50 via a10, a9, b9 and b10 of X1
respectively, short b7 with b10 and a7 with a10, each phase voltage leads each
phase current phase angle 60°respectively, check LCD loop display or enter into main
menu—OpStatus—Measure to view, phase difference of A-, B-, and C-phase voltage
must be 120°, and phase difference of A-, B-, and C-phase current must be 120°. One
phase current must lag the corresponding phase voltage 60°(angle error ≤ 3°).
Otherwise, check the device of AC module connection.
Input three-phase symmetry voltage 50V, and rated current only to phase A which lags phase A
voltage 60°, observe the display of amplitude and angle of 3I0 which must be the same as IA,
otherwise, check the device of AC module connection.
7.6.2 Test Methods
The test is performed according to the method simulating sudden faults. Before
simulating faults near bus, the rated voltage must be given at first, and fault current is I,
fault lasts 100-150ms.
7.6.3 Protection system test
Input settings according to the setting advice note or typical settings and write them
to certain zone at first. Then make tests according to Tab.14.
Tab.14
Relay Fault type Fault analog quantities Operation Remark
Simulate A, B, C to I=m*I0n Reliable Only enable
Zero-s ground m=0.95 non-operation stage 1 and
equen instantaneous m=1.05 Reliable operation the other
cs fault, the lasting m=1.2 For stage 1 stage
current time of simulated tdz≤30ms. Zero-sequen
directio fault must be For nd, 3rd, and 4th cs current
nal larger than the stage, error between relay. n=1, 2,
relay longest setting tdz and settings 3, 4 means
time among every ≤20ms or ±2% 2nd, 3rd, and
stage 4th stage
Zero-sequencs respectively.
current protection.
U=50V
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Invers Simulate single I=m*Iset, m is a Error between Just enable

e time phase to ground multiple of matched operating time T and inverse zero
zero instantaneous fault setting. the standard value current
current ≤20ms or ±5%
Simulate A, B, C to I=m*I0L Enable
VT Fail ground m=0.95 Reliable ―OC_VT fail‖.
instantaneous fault m=1.05 non-operation I0L:
m=1.2 Reliable operation zero-sequen
tdz=TIL ce
Simulate AB, BC, I=m*IL overcurrent
CA m=0.95 Reliable setting for
phase-to-phase m=1.05 non-operation VT Fail.
instantaneous fault m=1.2 Reliable operation IL:
tdz=TIL overcurrent
setting for
VT Fail..
TIL: delay
time.
Tab.14 (continued)
Relay Fault type Fault analog Operation Remark
quantities
Distan Simulate A, B, C to U=m*I* Xn_pe Note: enable
ce ground (1+KX) Reliable operation zone 1, 2 or 3
relay instantaneous m=0.95 Reliable of distance
fault, check zone m=1.05 non-operation relay
1, 2, and 3 of m=0.7 For zone 1 respectively, in
ground distance (RD=0) tdz≤30ms. For zone the equation,
relay, mentioned in 2 and 3, error n=1, 2, 3, KX
note (d) (I=In) between tdz and the is residual
settings ≤20ms compensation
Simulate AB, BC, U=m*I*Xn_pp coefficient of
CA (RX=0) Reliable operation reactance
phase-to-phase m=0.95 Reliable component.
instantaneous m=1.05 non-operation Xn_pe and RD
fault, check zone m=0.7 For zone 1 are the
1, 2, and 3 of tdz≤30ms. For zone reactance and
ph-to-ph distance 2 and 3, error resistance
relay, (I=In) between tdz and the settings of
settings ≤20ms ground
distance relay.
Xn_pp and RX
are the
reactance and
resistance
settings of
phase-to-phas
e distance
relay.
Note：a）the fault current I for testing must be larger than 0.2In while fault voltage is not less than
threshold value.
U
b) calculation formula for single-phase-to-ground distance relay ： X_ pe 
I  KX  3I 0
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， R _ pe 
（＝90°）
U （＝0°）.
I  KR * 3I 0
c) calculation formula for phase-to-phase distance relay：X  U （＝90°）
，R  U
I I
（＝0°）；
d) For testing ground distance relay, if the employed relay-testing instrument has
compensation coefficient KX and KR, input their values according to the actual settings.
If the relay-testing instrument just provides compensation coefficient KL=（Z0-Z1）/3Z1,
need the testing worker to input the real part and imaginary part of KL which are different
from KR and KX of the relay settings, all the compensation coefficient of the testing
instrument and the relay can be set to ―0‖, or that of the testing instrument is calculated
according to the actual parameters. The following method for testing is just to be referred:
If the relay settings KX≠KR, set the relay setting KX and KR to ―0‖, and set the testing
instrument KL to Re=0 and Im=0. If the relay settings KX=KR, set the testing instrument
KL to Re=KX and Im=0, or set the relay settings KX and KR to ―0‖, the testing instrument
KL to Re=0 and Im=0.
The resoled formula: KX=(X0 -X1 )/3X1，KR=(R0 -R1 )/3R1，Z0=R0 +jX0，Z1= R1 +jX1，
KL=（Z0 -Z1）/3Z1，KL=（Re，Im）.
If the relay-testing instrument does not provide the compensation coefficient, set the
relay settings KX and KR all to ―0‖.
e) The error of operation value is each substancia l measure value－setting value  100％ .
setting value
7.7 Putting the equipment into operation
The following items are only provided to be referred. Users should formulate the
corresponding rules for maintenance and operation according to the actual
situation in locale.
a) Check the setting lists inerrably, and then turn on DC power supply. Now the
green light - LED <Run> on panel is lit, the green light - LED <Recharge> is lit,
other lights are extinguished. Under normal conditions, LCD display on loop
―year-month-day, hour: minute: second, magnitude and phasor angle of analog
quantities, channel state, current setting zone: 00. autoreclose mode,
synchronization check mode, charging finished. Press 《SET》 to display main
menu. Press one or several times 《QUIT》，exit current menu one times or step
by step to return normal state of display. Then re-check the clock by turning off
DC power and then on.
b) Connect currents (load current must be larger than 0.1In) and voltages to the
device, under normal state of loop display, press SET to enter into main menu,
then enter into every sub-menu to check whether the polarity and the phase
sequence of each analog input are correct or not. Verify the sampled data of the
protection in accordance with the actual ones.
c) Check the protection settings. Print each set of settings that are possibly
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employed in the actual operating modes, in order to check them with informed
sheet of setting and backup debugging notes.
d) Note that carrier channel is perfect.
e) Check the digital inputs in accord with the practical state, and make note.
Especially notice that there is not display of ―small hand‖ on the upper right of
LCD under normal conditions (that means test relay).
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8. Maintenance
8.1 Routine checks
• Measure resistance in turn between analog circuits and ground；
• Measure output voltage in every class；
• Check printer；
• Revise zero draft and scale;
• Verify alarm circuit；
• Verify binary input；
• Actual live tripping including circuit breaker；
• Check setting。
8.2 Replacing the back-up battery
• Battery is used to store data, record fault and inner clock in case the power is
off.
• Battery is checked up timing, it will send out alarm after it is invalid or decline.
• The back-up battery should be replaced at the latest after 10 years of
operation or after alarm signal was sent out.
• Recommended battery: Lithium battery CR1/2A, 3V/1Ah.
8.3 Fault tracing
The equipment may test all hardware components itself, including loop out of
the relay coil, Watch can find whether or not the equipment is in fault through
warning lights and warning characters which shows in liquid crystal display and
print reports to tell fault location and kind.
The method of eliminate fault is replacing fault board or eliminate external
fault.
8.4 Repairs
• Users should not change modules circuit or backboard circuit in repair.
• It‘s appropriate to change power board when power supply is fault.
• It‘s suggested that power board should purchased per 4 or 6 years because it
can‘t storage for a long time.
8.5 The notices during operation
a) During operation, nobody is allowed to touch the live parts of the device,
insert or pull out the plug-in unit, press the keyboard on the panel optionally, and
operate the following commands: output driving, modify setting, solidify setting,
setup system and change the device address in the communication network etc.
b) If all the relays of the device are to be quitted from operation, open the
tripping strap at first, and then turn off the DC power. If one of the relays is to be
quitted during operation, only the corresponding strap of the relay needs to be
quitted.
c) When fault occurs during operation, if the protection operates to trip, the
corresponding LED of tripping signal is lit and MMI displays the newest operating
report. If autoreclosing operates to reclose, the ―reclose‖ LED is lit. The operating
report, record report should be printed automatically and the detail notes must be
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written down.
d) If the DC power supply disappears during operation, quit the tripping strap at
first.
e) If alarmⅠ occurs during operation, the corresponding relay should be stop
employing, record the alarm message and inform the operator in charge of the
protection. Here, prohibit pressing the reset button. If alarm Ⅱ occurs, record the
alarm message and inform the operator in charge of the protection to analyze and
handle it.
8.6 Manipulation after replacing software or CPU
the following steps should be conformed after replacing software or CPU：
a) Firstly, check address jumper to be right on CPU board, input and write
setting.
b) Check the software version of CPU and CRC.
c) If ―Setting Err‖ or ―Set Group Err‖, ought to write settings again and switch
setting zone.
d) Check zero drift and calibration one time, and test I/O again.
e) According to the local operating rules, other related tests ought to be made
by operator.
8.7 Manipulation after replacing software or MASTER module
a) Version of the former MASTER module and version of software
b) Communication parameters, protocol option etc.
c) Address of the device.
d) View whether normal display is right or not after the device is electrified;
practically operate report and record print.
8.8 Manipulation after replacing input or output module
If input or output module needs to be replaced, firstly check whether the jumper
about module address is right or not. The replaced module cannot be put into
operation until its input or output is checked normally.
8.9 Manipulation after replacing AC module
When AC module has been replaced, the validity of polarity must be checked.
8.10 Several illuminations
a) If the function of autoreclose is not disenabled, it is treated as ―AR_exit
Mode‖, and LED of charging is extinguished. If autoreclose mode is not set,
―autoreclose mode: No Check‖ is displayed on panel, that is, it is treated as No
Check to reclose.
b) There are testing ports on the top left corner of backboard, and 24V, 5V and
interface of CAN net are connected to be employed by auto-testing.
c) There are three methods to input settings：(1) Use keyboard on panel, (2)
employ software tool of CSPC, (3) by automatical system.
d) Method to select running setting zone：Use the shortcut key on the bottom
left panel ―＋‖, ―－‖ to select or switch setting zone.
e) There are two methods to use printer:
(1) Connect printer directly to the print series ports of the device（use special
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made cable for print）.

(2) Print via automatically system.
f) Except AC terminal, the other backboard terminals all use the
withdrawal/insertion ones. If it is necessary to modify their wires，the terminal must
be uninstalled, then modify the wire of terminals, after finish this, fix the terminal on
the device. Except AC terminal, prohibit inserting or withdrawing terminal wires
without pulling out terminal, in order to prevent connecting wires from bad
connection.
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9. Storage
• Although protection equipments are generally of robust construction, they require
a careful treatment prior to installation on site, since they must be carefully packed
and unpacked, without applying any force to the equipment and using suitable tools.
Once supplied, the equipment must be thoroughly inspected to ensure that they
have not undergone shipping damages. If the equipment are not immediately
installed upon reception, they must be stored in places free from dust and moisture,
causticity in their original packing.
• Storage temperature: -10°C + 40°C.
• the equipment must only be stored and carried in the special antistatic bag.
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10.Ordering
10.1 Selection and ordering data
CSC-101 digital EHV line protection Order No.

equipment CSC-101B W 0 0 2
Rated current
1A
5A 1
5
Rated auxiliary voltage

110V DC 1
220V DC 2
Electric internet interface on Master

module 3
3 2
2 0
0
Fiber internet interface on Master module

2 2
0 0
RS485 interface on Master module
1 1
2 2
10.2 Ordering data

（1） Manufactured type, name, quantities, address and date for delivery.
（2） Rated DC voltage: 220V or 110V, DC voltage for digital input: 24V＋ or 220V
（110V）
（3） Secondary value of the rated AC current: 5A or 1A
（4） Requirements for the communication interface: Network software, printer
interface box, engineer station (PC and the master network station). Consumers
have the option to order.
（5） Requirements of panel color, dimension and appurtenances.
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11.Appendix
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
A Terminal diagram F0SF.391.300(ER)
A A
X4(DI MODULE) X3(MASTER MODULE) X1 (AI MODULE)

c a NOT USED 1 b a
2 DC+ INPUT R24V+ INPUT 232-TRAN 2
1 IA'(CT OUT) IA(CT IN)
4 CB OPEN A-PHASEREM ACCESS BLK 232-RECV 3
4 2 IB'(CT OUT) IB(CT IN)
10/100M BASE-T
B 6 CB OPEN B-PHASE RELAY TEST 232-GND B
100M BASE-FX
8 CB OPEN C-PHASE RESET 485-2B 5 3 IC'(CT OUT) IC(CT IN)
10 CAR RECV(DIST) 485-2A 6
7 4 IN'(CT OUT) IN(CT IN)
12 START CBF A-PH 485-1B
14 BB/CBF OPTD START CBF B-PH 485-1A 8 5 IN'(MUTUAL)IN(MUTUAL)
16 START CBF C-PH GPS 9
10 6
18 START CBF 3-PH GPSGND
C C
20 CARR FAIL(DIST)1PH TRIP ENABLE LON-2A 11 7 UX' UX
22 A/R BLOCK LON-2B 12
13
A
RX 8
24 CAR RECV(DEF) CLOSE SWITCH LONGND A A
26 CARR FAIL(DEF) LON-1A 14 TX 9 UC UB
B
28 DC- INPUT R24V- INPUT LON-1B 15 RX
B
B
TX 10 UN UA
30 DI1 NOT USED 16
D 11 D
32 DI2 DI SET G3
X11(POWER) X10(DO MODULE) X9(DO MODULE) X8(DO MODULE) X7(DO MODULE)

c a c a c a c a c a
2 2 2 2 2
R24V+ OUT
E 4 4 VT FAIL-1 4 4 4 E
6 6 PSB-1 6 SOTF-1 POL DIS-1 6 6
8 8 8 CARR FAIL-1A/R OPTD-1 8 8
10 R24V- OUT 10 10 10 INITIATE 1PH A/R-1 10 3-PHASE TRIP-1
12 12 VT FAIL-2 12 12 INITIATE 1PH A/R-2 12 3-PHASE TRIP-2
14 DC FAILURE 14 PSB-2 14 SOTF-2 POL DIS-2 14 INITIATE 3PH A/R-1 14 AR-1 TO CLOSE CB
F 16 DC FAILURE 16 16 A/R OPTD-2 16 INITIATE 3PH A/R-2 16 AR-2 TO CLOSE CB F
18 18 DO CONFIG DI1-1 18 CARR SEND (DIST)-1 18 ZONE1 OPTD-1 18 CBF OPTD-1
20 20 DO CONFIG DI1-2 20 CARR SEND (DIST)-2 20 ZONE1 OPTD-2 20 CBF OPTD-2
DC + INPUT
22 22 DO CONFIG DI2-1 22 CARR SEND (DEF)-1 22 ZONE2 OPTD-1 22 BU OC & EF-1
24 24 DO CONFIG DI2-2 24 CARR SEND (DEF)-2 24 ZONE2 OPTD-2 24 BU OC & EF-2
媒体编号 26 26 ALARMI-1 26 DIR TRIP SEND-1 26 ZONE3 OPTD-1 26 AIDED TRIP-1
DC - INPUT
28 28 ALARMI-2 28 DIR TRIP SEND-2 28 ZONE3 OPTD-2 28 AIDED TRIP-2
G G
旧底图总号 30 30 ALARMII-1 30 DIR TRIP RECV-1 30 ZONE4 OPTD-1 30 DEF.STG1 OPTD-1
32 32 ALARMII-2 32 DIR TRIP RECV-2 32 ZONE4 OPTD-2 32 DEF.STG1 OPTD-2
底图总号
Note: If input power is employed 220V/110V, connect terminals X4- c2 with input positive power, X4- c28 with negative power.
签字
质量
H 设计校核标准化图样标记 (g)
型号 CSC-101B 背板端子图 F0SF.391.300(ER) H
日期北京四方继保自动化有限公司
标记处数文件号签字日期日期会签审定 O 所属装配 BD2012005 比例第 1 张共 1 张
1 2 3 4 5 -104- 6 7 8 9 10
B Connection to system diagram

Fig.B-1 is illustrates the recommended standard connection for line. The permissible cable
length and the TA design (permissible load) are mutually dependent. Recalculation is advisable
as for lengths of more than 100m.
Typical connection
*
c
UA
*
b UB
*
a UC
*
c
*
b
*
a X1 AC
b a
IA ’ 1 IA
IB ’ 2 IB
*
IC ’ 3 IC
IN ’ 4 IN
5
6
UX ’ 7 UX
8
UC 9 UB
UN 10 UA
11
*
Fig.B-1 Typical connection example for line
-105-
TA1 TV12 ZC
0 0
IA ia UA ua
a1
1* *3 1* *3
b1
c1
a2
b2
c2
a3
b3
IA' 2 4 2 4
c3
uc
a4
ub
b4
ua
c4
a5
b5
TA2 TV11 u0
c5
0 0 ia
IB ib UB ub a6
ib
1* *3 1* *3 b6
ic
c6
in
a7
b7
ux
C Introduction of analog
c7
Note： TV9 has been canceled.
a8
b8
IB' 2 4 2 4 c8
a9
b9
c9
a10
b 10
TA3 TV10 c10
IC 0 ic UC 0 uc
1* *3 1* *3
-106-
XC
IA' IA
b1 a1
IB' IB
b2 a2
CSC-101 EHV Transmission Line Protection Equipment
Attached Fig.C-1 The principle outline of AC module
IC' 2 4 UN 2 4
IC' IC
b3 a3
IN' IN
b4 a4
b5 a5
TA4
TV9 TV6
IN' 0 in 0 b6 a6
U0 u0 UX 0 ux
1* *3
1* *3 1* *3 UX' UX
b7 a7
U0 ' U0
b8 a8
UC UB
b9 a9
UN UA
IN 2 4 b 10 a10
U0 ' 2 4 UX' 2 4
b 11 a11
Manual
Attached Fig.C-2 The simplified principle scheme of CPU
TX
TX
RX
RX
FPGA
FPGA
双CAN
FLASH
SRAM
SCC
CPU
E PROM
2
WATCHDOG
16路AD
Attached Fig.C-3 The simplified principle scheme of MASTER module
-107-
D Communication Protocol Tables

Front port for communication
Connection type electric COM port
Communication Interior communication protocol
protocol
Type of connector DB9 pin connector
Speed of 9600 bps
communication
Rear port for local / only local communication
remote
communication
Connection type RS-232;Ethernet;RS-485
Communication CSC2000
protocol
Medium of connection electric
Type of connector RS-232:DB25 connector;Ethernet:RJ45;RS-485:twisted-pair
Speed of RS-232:9600bps; Ethernet:10/100Mbps adaptable;
communication RS-485:9600bps~38400bps
Isolation yes
Dielectric level III
Maximum cable length RS-232:10m;Ethernet:110m ;RS-485:1.2km
Type of port required Ethernet:RJ45;RS-485:COM port
at PC end
Functions supported RS-232:Print setting, fault report, waveform report
by this port Ethernet&RS-485:see above 12 m)
Rear port for substation automation
Connection type 3 Ethernet port;2 RS-485; 2 Lon works
Communication CSC2000 or IEC 60870-5-103 or IEC 61850 for Ethernet port
protocol or RS-485; CSC2000 for Lon works
Ethernet port:
Medium of connection
optics/electric ;RS-485:electric;Lonworks:electric
Ethernet port:(SC/ST)/RJ45 ; RS-485:twisted-pair;
Type of connector Lonworks:twisted-pair
Speed of Ethernet port:10/100Mbps adaptable ; RS-85:9600bps;
communication Lonworks:78kbps
Ethernet port(optics/electric):110m/2km ; RS-485: 1.2km;
Maximum cable length Lonworks:1.3km
Optical wavelength 850nm;1300nm
Permissible line 15dB
attenuation
Type of port required Ethernet port; COM port
at PC end
Standard IEC 60870-5-103 ;IEC 61850
-108-
Address：Building 9,Fourth Avenue,Shangdi Information Industry Base,Haidian
District, Beijing
Zip：100085
Tel ： +8610-62961515 +8610-62985012 （ Marketing Department ）
+8610-62986668（Technical Support）
Fax：+8610-62981004 +8610-62978952（Marketing Department）
http://www.sf-auto.com E-mail: webinfo@sf-auto.com

CSC-101 Numerical EHV Transmission Line Protection Equipment Manual (F0SF.451.086ER) - V1.1

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CSC-101 Numerical EHV Transmission Line Protection Equipment Manual (F0SF.451.086ER) - V1.1

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CSC-101 Numerical EHV Transmission Line

Protection Equipment Manual

Protection Equipment Manual

Table 1 Main function and arrangement

Main function and arrangement

• The microprocessor combined 32 bits DSP with MCU, high performance

• Protective functions, man-machine interface and also communications functions

• Internal module was intelligent designed so that a comprehensive real-time

• The equipment provides convenient automatic testing scheme in field, it can

① Within time  , if R  K  Rmin（180 ，TZMAX ， ) is satisfied, it is determined that

② Within time  , if R  K  Rmin（180 ，TZMAX ， ) is satisfied, it is determined that

Inverse time over current protection

Overvoltage protection Uph-e>

Breaker failure protection evaluates current component. Current component

● The equipment is flush mounting with panel cutout and cabinet.

● Connection terminals to other system on the rear.

● The front panel of equipment is aluminium alloy by founding in integer and

● Draw-out modules for serviceability are fixed by lock component.

Fig.1 CSC-101 protection equipment view

Fig. 2 flush-mounted enclosure of CSC-101 with panel cutout

3.1.3 Binary inputs and outputs

Rated voltage range 24V/ 110V/ 220V DC

Rated voltage range 24V/ 110V/ 220V DC

3.1.4 Communications interfaces

Medium of connection electric electric electric

Rear port for 3 Ethernet 2 RS-485 2 Lonworks

3.1.5 Other general data

5.3 Dielectric voltage AC 2kV（Ui≥63V） IEC 60255-5 ： 500V was

7.9 Damped oscillatory 5 class：100A/m IEC 61000-4-10 Actual up to

8.3 Maximum temperature of According with the GB 16836-1997

8.5 Protection against I class IEC 60536

3.2 Function data

3.2.5 Overvoltage relay

Fig.4 Arrangement diagram of the CSC-101 system modules

4.2 Operations of complete units

CSC-101 is configured with 11 modules as shown in Fig.4 ， including AC

4.1.1 AC transformer module

The AC transformer module functions are to transform the secondary signals of

4.2.2 CPU module

The Simplified principle diagram of CPU module is shown in Attached Fig.2.

4.2.3 Management module

The simplified principle diagram is shown in Attached Fig.3. This module is a

4.2.4 Input module

The input module 1 for CSC-101 is shown in Attached Fig.4，whose wring

4.2.5 Output module

CSC-101 is developed 4 output modules whose principle diagrams are

4.2.6 Power supply module

5.2.1 Startup element

5.2.1.2 Zero-sequence current startup element

5.2.2 Phase selector

Sudden-change-current phase selector is used at the beginning of fault after

Fig.5-1 Phasor areas of steady state sequence phase selector

（2）+90°～ +30° conforms to ABN

5.2.3 Distance element

Distance protection consists of measuring unit and directional unit.

5.2.3.2 Measuring unit of distance element

5.2.4 Zero-sequence current directional unit

Zero-sequence current directional unit is composed of forward and reverse

Fig.5-4 Operation area of zero-sequence current directional element

5.2.5 Negative-sequence directional element

Negative-sequence directional element is taken as condition of enabling

Fig.5-5 Operation area of negative-sequence directional element

5.2.6 Opening element of power swing blocking