1 x 1000MW MANJUNG Coral Field

Power Plant Project

Method Statement for Soil Improvement Work

by Mass Stabilisation (WILL Method)

 1 x 1000MW MANJUNG Coral Field
Power Plant Project
MS for Soil Improvement by WILL Method

1. INTRODUCTION

(1) OBJECTIVE
The purpose of Mass Stablisation (WILL method hereinafter is called WILL) is to form stabilized soil
block to strengthen soft soils and to provide a stable foundation for embankments and footings.
Especially, WILL is effective to make uniformly Cut-off Wall up to about eight meter deep.
This document presents the method of construction, sequence of works, materials and equipment to be
used for WILL.

(2) GENERAL
WILL is one of the mass stabilisation methods that can treat the subsurface up to about 8m deep and
can use conventional excavator. And WILL have the following advantages;
1) The mixing device has mixing –effective rotating blade with three dimensional moving of mixed
soil.

Image of Mixing

Conventional Mixing WILL Mixing

Rotating

Rotating

3 Dimensional

Mixing
Rocking
 1 x 1000MW MANJUNG Coral Field
Power Plant Project
MS for Soil Improvement by WILL Method
2) The specialised control system easily provides essential information for mixing like depth, flow rate
and rotating times.

3) Mixing device has effective torque even to drill stiff soil up to about 8 m deep.

4) The conventional excavator can be used for base machine.

Nominative soil parameter is summarised below.

Capacity of Soil Parameter

Treatment depth
Excavator Clay and Silt Sand and Gravel
1.4m3 class 8.0m SPT-N<15 SPT-N<40
Note; the soil parameter indicates one at the treatment toe.

(3) WORK SCOPE

The scope of the WILL works includes the following sequence of the mass stabilisation.
 Soil Sampling and Laboratory Mixing
 Mobilisation of Equipment and Setup of Plant
 Soil mixing and Installation of Cut-off Wall
 Core sampling and Permeability tests and Crushing testsSoil investigation and sampling
 WORK SCOPE

(4) P ERFORMANCE
 Permeability: 10-8 to 10-9 m/sec
Namely, not more than 9.99 x 10-8 m/sec
 Unconfined Compressive Strength: 100 to 300 kN/m2
 Strain Property: more than 5% without failure
 1 x 1000MW MANJUNG Coral Field
Power Plant Project
MS for Soil Improvement by WILL Method
(5) REFERENCES
As relevant referenced documents:
 Main Contractor’s Quality,
 Safety & Environmental Management System Standard Procedures,
 Interfacing Method Statements and
 General / Particular Specification

(6) AREA/LOCATION
WILL work is done at Ash Pond A and B as shown Appendix 00.

(7) QUANTITIES OF WORKS

Tentative quantities of the works shall be shown below.

Item Quantity Remark

Cut-Off Wall 2,500m T=1.0m
 1 x 1000MW MANJUNG Coral Field
Power Plant Project
MS for Soil Improvement by WILL Method

2. CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURE

(1) WORK FLOW OF WILL WORKS

The work sequence of WILL is as following flow-chart.

1. Soil Investigation Probe test and soil sampling

2. Mixing test at laboratory Estimation of binder content by

UCS test

3. CPT investigation and

finalization for work quantity

Levelling of working platform

4. Preparation of the site

5. Assembling of all equipments

& machinery
on

6. Surveying of the WILL location

Trial operation for checking

Checking of mixing parameter

7. Penetration of the mixing device

8. Installation of WILL Mixing Site supervision & quality control

Move to the
next position
9. Core sampling and Field Permeability test and
compression test

10. Finishing of WILL Works

Report submission
 1 x 1000MW MANJUNG Coral Field
Power Plant Project
MS for Soil Improvement by WILL Method

The basic flow chart of WILL is as follows.

Confirmation of location
Dividing mixing unit

Position, area, depth and

binder quantity, mixing
parameter

Check of operation

Setting up of
mixing machine

Positioning of mixing Loading binder and

blade water to mixer

Mixing

Supply to grout
pump

Mixing procedure

Double Check
 Treatment depth
 Slurry quantity
 Mixing parameters

Completion of
mixing

Shift to next location

 1 x 1000MW MANJUNG Coral Field
Power Plant Project
MS for Soil Improvement by WILL Method

(2) WORK PROCEDURES OF WILL MIXING

The work procedure is described as follows.

① Surveying of the location of WILL

The location of WILL shall be surveyed and marked by using marking splay, lime liner, marking
tape, or steel rod, and the offset marking shall be prepared at least in two directions. In addition
to this surveillance, the elevation shall be surveyed.
If dimension of the area is more than about 3m, the location shall be divided to appropriate
mixing unit.
Injection rate of slurry, mixing duration and mixing blade rotation number are specified by
cement dosage, slurry proportion, dimension of the mixing unit.

② Penetration and withdrawing of the mixing blade

The penetration and withdrawing process usually shall be carried out with slurry injection on
bottom of mixing device. The penetration and withdrawing contribute the mixing of soil. The
injection rate of slurry is specified by cement dosage and mixing proportion. The specified
mixing unit shall be mixed with slurry injection to meet the designated mixing duration and
blade mixing rotation number.
Mixing depth displayed on the monitor shall be double checked by the indicator marked on the
mixing device.

③ Termination of injection
The injection of slurry is terminated when the cumulative slurry quantity displayed on the
monitor or the flow meter meets the designated quantity.

④ Remixing and finishing

In order to make the treated soil uniform vertically and horizontally, the mixing device is
penetrated and withdrawn with mixing rotation.
 1 x 1000MW MANJUNG Coral Field
Power Plant Project
MS for Soil Improvement by WILL Method

(3) CALIBRATION OF MIXING EQUIPMENT AND INSTRUMENT

The relevant equipments & machinery shall be mobilized to the site and assembled. The
movement and its accuracy which are outlined below will be double-checked before the
commencement work.

a) The dimension of mixing device is confirmed by scale measuring.

b) The depth indicator on display is double checked by marking on mixing device.
c) The flow rate indicator on display is double checked by measuring flow quantity per unit time.

The details of calibration are shown in appendix.

 1 x 1000MW MANJUNG Coral Field
Power Plant Project
MS for Soil Improvement by WILL Method

(4) SOIL INVESTIGATION AND LABORATORY MIXING TEST

Prior to commencement of WILL work, some soil investigation shall be carried out on the site
and test laboratory. The procedure and detail are described in appendix with laboratory mixing
test procedure.

①Mixing test in laboratory

The samples shall be mixed with the cement for estimating cement content by UCS test. The test
reports and the binder contents shall be submitted to the Engineer for approval.

②Mix proportion
The mix proportion of slurry will covered the suitable injection ratio. The experiences of WILL
method support that the injection ratio shall be around 20% of soil volume. Then, recommended
binder content in this laboratory test is as follows;

OPC content (kg/m3-soil) 100 140 180

Water/Binder ratio 1.7 1.0 1.0
Remark: mixing proportion is only for reference and shall be confirmed on mixing condition

③Binder content and its mix proportion for main work

The result of laboratory mixing test shall be submitted with the proposed binder content and its mix
proportion. Applicable proportion shall be determined by permeability test and crush test result.

(5) MEASUREMENT OF WORK QUANTITY

①Plan dimension of the treatment
a) Marking of designated dimension of treatment
b)Double-checking of mixing parameter Dimension Marking
Cement slurry injection rate, mixing speed
c) Setting of mixing machine and mixing device.
d)Input of both location into the control system (No
Designated Treatment
1 as start location and No 2 as end location)
e) Input of zero depth after putting the mixing tips on 1 2

the ground.
f) Start of mixing
g)Mixing of first sub-mixing unit then move next
sub-mixing unit.

②Depth of the treatment

a) Setting of zero depth
 1 x 1000MW MANJUNG Coral Field
Power Plant Project
MS for Soil Improvement by WILL Method

・ The zero depth is placed at the tip of mixing device on the ground elevation.
・ Then zero depth is input in the control system.

b) Confirmation of mixing depth

・ The control system displays the mixing depth
・ The marking on mixing device can demonstrate the mixing depth.
 1 x 1000MW MANJUNG Coral Field
Power Plant Project
MS for Soil Improvement by WILL Method

3. OPERATING PARAMETER
WILL method has been established in Japan and follow parameter indicated the technical
manual.
The proposed operating parameters are shown as follows. These proposed parameters are subject
to change in accordance to the actual site condition.

(1) Installation accuracy

The treatment location is based on the baselines which are surveyed by stations. In the treated area by
WILL, some reference stakes are set up in order to install the location easily. The steel bars or wood
sticks joined ribbon will be used as marker for WILL.
The position of mixing blade will be adjusted looking at from a different direction (x, y direction).
The deviation of mixing blade from the planned location will be less than 250mm.

(2) Mixing speed

The mixing speed is complied with the following range based on the technical manual;
The mixing speed shall be ranged at 1.0 to 1.5 m3/min

(3) Rotation speed

The rotation speed is in following range based on the technical manual
Low speed rotation: 25 ~ 35 rpm

4. CONTIGENCY PLAN
(1) Obstructions in ground
Following obstruction in ground will make trouble in WILL installation and will make pure quality.
 The roots more than 20cm wide.
 The wood more than 5cm diameter
 Bricks more than 20cm wide
 Other artificial deposit like PVC sheet something.
If WILL installation meet any obstacle like above, the mixing procedure shall be interrupted and
those obstacles shall be removed. However, if those obstacles exist more than 3m deep or removal
work damage the existing treated soil, suitable measure shall be discussed with Main Contractor and
Client.
 1 x 1000MW MANJUNG Coral Field
Power Plant Project
MS for Soil Improvement by WILL Method

5. RESOURCES TO WILL WORK

(1) EQUIPMENT
The main equipment for one set of WILL is listed below.

No. Item Specfication Weight Quantity Remarks

Including control
1 Mixing device MAR-700 1unit
system
2 Excavator 1.4m3 class capacity 1unit
3 Excavator 0.7m3 class capacity 1unit
4 Generator 125KVA 1unit
5 Grout mixer TMP-1500 equivalent 1unit
6 Grout pump SG-30 equivalent 1unit
7 Water silo 40m3 1 unit
8 High pressure washer 1unit
Depending on
9 Cement silo 30 ton capacity 2unit
delivery status
Others 1unit

(2) WATER
Water for the work is delivered from cement batching plant.
For cement slurry and cleaning plant, suitable river water of 40 m3 shall be provided daily.
The chemical property shall be checked before mixing. The laboratory test shall use the water
delivered on the site.

(3) CEMENT
Cement for the work is delivered by cement lorry from supplier.
The material approval request shall be submitted to Main Contractor for approval.
 1 x 1000MW MANJUNG Coral Field
Power Plant Project
MS for Soil Improvement by WILL Method

6. CONSTRUCTION SCHEDULE
Schedule of WILL Works is indicated in the attachment based on day-shift with about 9 hour working
on site.

1st month 2nd month 3rd month 4th month 5th month 6th month 7th month 8th month

Soil Sampling

Laboratory Mixing

Permeability test and Crushing Test

Mobilisation

Assembly and Set up

Field Trial

Cut-Off Wall Installation

Plant Shifting

Core Sampling

Permeability Test

Disassembly and Mobilisation

 1 x 1000MW MANJUNG Coral Field
Power Plant Project
MS for Soil Improvement by WILL Method

7. QUALITY CONTROL
(1) Core boring and Permeability Test
During the WILL work, core boring combined with field permeability test shall be carried out to
demonstrate the continuity of mixed soil and to assess their strength and cut-off prorperty.
Detail for core sampling and tests are shown below.

Core sampling location and field 8 location (#1)

permeability test
Boring depth Treatment length
Sampling program 20 days after installation
Core boring method Washing core by double tube sampler (OD=86mm)
Permeabilty test Re-drilling inside temporary casing sealed by
bentonite/cement
Test depth: 0.50m
Test diamter: 41 to 50mm
Falling Head Permeablity Test
Remediation after boring Filling by cement slurry
Inspection for core Visual inspection for continuity and uniformity
Specimen preparation 6 specimens per a location
Test to specimen Unconfined compression strength test
Test detail 6 samples for 28 days age (#2)
Note (#1)
It is common that core sampling is done in every 2000m3 treatment. Considering planned treatment
volume of about 16,000 to 17,000m3, core sampling on 8 locations is adequate.
Note (#2)
The number of specimen depends on the treatment length.

(2) Assessment of treatment strength

Based on the result of compression test on the specimens, the strength of treatment is assessed as
follows;
Every specimen shall be demonstrated strength more than 85% of the required strength.

Average strength on a test shall not be less than the required strength.

(3) Cement dosage

All cement delivered on site are inspected the delivery sheet by supplier.
Cement dosage is calculated by batching record and quantity of cement slurry daily.
The balance of cement is double checked by delivered cement and cement dosage.

(4) Cement quality

The certification from cement supplier can demonstrate its quality.
The specific gravity of slurry made on constant proportion also can estimate the cement quality.
 1 x 1000MW MANJUNG Coral Field
Power Plant Project
MS for Soil Improvement by WILL Method

(5) Slurry quality

The mix proportion shall be shown at mixing plant.
The specific gravity of slurry is inspected by the slurry balancer daily.

(6) Protection of surveyed points

Every marking points showing the treatment dimension shall be referred by the reference point,
which is located within distance from the marking point. The steel rod or other indicator is firmly
installed on the reference point and kept properly in order to avoid missing during treatment work.
Reference survey point
by steel rod ect

Dimension Marking

Designated Treatment

(7) Inspection and test plan

Inspection and test plan is summarized in appendix.

(8) Certification of equipment

Certification of equipment and detecting device are shown in appendix.

8. SITE ORGANIZATION

Site organization for mass stabilization is shown in Appendix 00.

 1 x 1000MW MANJUNG Coral Field
Power Plant Project
MS for Soil Improvement by WILL Method

9. SAFETY, HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENT

(1) Safety and Health; general
a) Site safety training and meeting
All workers shall attend a safety training and meeting prior to start work.
The necessary requirements given from Client and/or Main contractor shall be explained to all worker
and supervisors.

b) General site safety

All workers must go through a briefing by the site agent or site engineer before commencement of
any work.
Minimum requirement for this project is follows;
Wearing safety helmet, safety shoes, safety glass, long-sleeve shirt

c) Toolbox Talks
A toolbox talk will be arranged before commencement of work daily, in order to talk on safety,
health and loss prevention for all staff and workers.

(2) Safety and Security; specific

a) Prevention to insure by mixing machine and excavator
Visual monitoring and inspection of the ground
Keeping the verticality of mixing device
Visual inspecting and alerting during machine driving
Suitable wire for loading and unloading
Preventing to close to mixing device during mixing

b)Prevention to insure by electric incident

Daily inspection for all electric devices, especially earth installation and connection of
electric wires

c) Prevention to enter to area just after mixing

The mixed area is so soft just after mixing, that barricades and/or alerting tape with poles
shall be installed until next day. The mixed surface will become so stiff to walk next day.

d)Working under heavy rain

When heavy rain with thunder lighting will be close, all work shall be interrupted after
suitable preparation for interruption.
 1 x 1000MW MANJUNG Coral Field
Power Plant Project
MS for Soil Improvement by WILL Method

(3) Health
The suitable rest time shall be given to all workers to prevent any accident due to hard work.
Rest house and/or liaison shall be installed.
Site agent or site engineer shall check the health condition all workers with interview if necessary.

(4) Environment
a) Dust and construction refuse
The working area shall be kept tidy at all times, construction refuse will be collected on a
regular basis.
Cement loading from silo to bathing plant shall be prevented during cement lorry is charging
cement to the silo in order prevent dust spreading.
All joint of delivery hoses shall be inspect in order to prevent any leakage and opening.
All delivery hoses shall be inspected and protected by workers in order to prevent any
damage during mixing machine moving.

b)Water
Water for cleaning of plant equipment and mixing device after work shall be recycled for use
of minimise amount of waste water discharge.

c) Spent Oil
Any spent oil will be placed temporally in designated storage point on site.