HISTORY OF

PAKISTAN
B.Ed. Hons. Special Education
Course Code: HIST4113
Resource Person: Shazia Maqsood Psychologist

Govt. Training College for the Teachers of Blind, Lahore

(Affiliated University of Education)

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GROUP MEMBERS:-

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Assalam o Alaikum !
I am Hamza.. Student of B.Ed
3rd semester and with me
Miss Esha.
We are here to present the
topic 1st constituent assembly
of Pakistan.
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First Constituent Assembly
Of Pakistan

August 10, 1947 To October 24, 1954

First Constituent Assembly of Pakistan (1947-1954)

v The State of Pakistan was created under the Independence Act of 1947. The Act made
the existing Constituent Assemblies, the dominion legislatures.

v The First Constituent Assembly of Pakistan came into existence under Indian
Independence Act 1947, at the time of independence.

v At that time, a notification was issued in the Gazette of India, published on 26th July
1947 in which the first Constituent Assembly of Pakistan was given shape with 69
Members (later on the membership was increased to 79), including one female Member.

v Pakistan's first Constituent Assembly came into being on July 26, 1947 and its inaugural
session was held on August 10, 1947.

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First Constituent Assembly of Pakistan CONT..

v The first session of the first Constituent Assembly of Pakistan was held on 10th August
1947 at Sindh Assembly Building Karachi.

v Mr. J.N. Mandal was elected as temporary chairman of Constituent Assembly of Pakistan.

v On 11th August 1947 Quaid-i-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah was elected unanimously as
the President of the Constituent Assembly of Pakistan and Maulvi Tamizuddin Khan as
its Deputy President.

v And the National Flag was formally approved by the Assembly.

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First Constituent Assembly of Pakistan CONT..

Major Parties OF Assembly:-

The Constituent Assembly of Pakistan functioned from 1947 to 1954 and involved major parties like..
v The Muslim League representing all Muslims
v The Congress Party representing the twelve million Hindus in Pakistan.
v Azad Group

MEMBERS OF ASSEMBLY:-
vThere were 69 members in the constituent assembly; this number was increased to 79 later in order to give
representation to princely states and refugees.
vThere was a clear majority of Muslim League in the Constituent Assembly of Pakistan, with 60 members out of the
total 79.
vThe second major party was Pakistan National Congress with 11 members Azad Group with 3 members.

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 First Constituent Assembly of Pakistan CONT..

v On 12th August 1947, a resolution was approved regarding officially addressing Mr.
Muhammad Ali Jinnah as "Quaid-i-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah".
v On the same day, a special committee called the "Committee on Fundamental Rights
of Citizens and Minorities of Pakistan'' was created.
v On 14th August 1947, the Transfer of Power took place. Lord Mountbatten,
Governor General of India, addressed the Constituent Assembly of Pakistan.
v On 15th August 1947, Quaid-i-Azam was sworn in as the first Governor General of
Pakistan. Mian Sir Abdur Rashid, Chief Justice of Pakistan, administered oath of
office from him. The Quaid remained in this position till his death i.e.11th September
1948.

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 First Constituent Assembly of Pakistan CONT..

Tasks Before The First Assembly:-

The foremost task before the first Constituent Assembly is of framing the Constitution for the nation.

v Objective Resolution :- Presented On March 7, 1949

The Objectives Resolution was a resolution adopted on March 12, 1949 by the Constituent Assembly of Pakistan. •
The resolution, proposed by the Prime Minister, Liaquat Ali Khan, proclaimed that the future constitution of Pakistan would not
be modeled entirely on a European pattern, but on the ideology and democratic faith of Islam.

vPROVISION OF Abjective Resolution:-

1. Sovereignty of the entire Universe belongs to Allah alone.
2.Constitution of Pakistan should be framed by the Constituent Assembly.
3.State should exercise its powers through the chosen representatives.
4.Muslims shall live their lives according the teaching of Quran and Sunnah.
5.Minorities can freely profess and practice their religion.
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 PROVISION OF Abjective Resolution:- CONT..
▪ 6.• Fundamental rights shall be guaranteed.
▪ 7.The judiciary shall be independent.

▪ Basic Principles Committee (BPC)

▪ The Basic Principles Committee (BPC) consisting of 24 members was made to work for the constitution.

▪ The various sub-committees on Federal and provincial duties, Franchise, Judiciary, and Fundamental
Rights started working.

▪ The Board of Talimat-e-Islamia was also set to look for advice on religious matters.

our office

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 Basic Principles Committee (Ist Draft)

o Presented ON :- 28th September 1950

ü The Objectives Resolution to be built-in in the Constitution as the order principles.
ü Legislature:- Bicameral Legislature
• Upper: (House of Units) Equal representation for the units 100 members.
• Lower House (House of People) on the basis of Population-400 members.
• Both Houses will enjoy Equal powers.
ü The Head of State elected by joint session would be for five years (Two times only).
§ President had power of emergency proclamation.
§ Appointment and other powers.
§ He was not responsible to give answers to anyone.
§ Head Of State can be a Muslim or non-Muslim.

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 Basic Principles Committee (Ist Draft) CONT..
§ He would be assisted by the Prime Minister (PM) and Cabinet .
§ Parliament can charge him by 2/3 majority.
§ He was given the power to break the constitution.
§ Cabinet was responsible to both the Houses.
§ Urdu will be the national language.

Criticism:-
§This report was severely criticized.
§The religious group objects that the report contained nothing about Islamisation.
§This report was criticized strongly by S.C. Chattopadyaya and East Pakistan.
§The crux of criticism was related to underrepresentation in the central legislature and the proposal for a strong
center with vast powers on financial matters.

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 Criticism:- CONT..
§ East Pakistan was given an equal number of seats in the Upper House, the same as West Pakistan.
§ Thus it reduced the principle of majority and turned East Pakistan into a minority.
§ Moreover, the interim report was preposterous for East Pakistan since it Urdu as the national language and
Bengali was nowhere in the constitutional arena.

Basic Principle Committee Report, July 1952 (2nd Draft)

§ Head of State would be Muslim and no change in powers.
§ Equal representation to East and West wings:
• UH (Upper House-House of Units) 60, 60.
• LH (House of People) 200, 200
§ More powers were given to the Lower House.
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 Basic Principle Committee Report, July 1952 (2nd Draft) CONT..
§ The Cabinet was made responsible to the Lower House.
§ It was promised that law making would be in accordance with ISLAM.
§ No law would be made in disobedience of Islamic principles.
§ An Advisory Board of five Islamic scholars was founded.
§ Quiet on national language again.

Criticism:-
§Like the first report this was also criticized but this time criticism arose from Punjab which considered the
federal formula to be defective.
§They demanded equal representation for various units in the lower house and equal power for both Houses.

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 Criticism:- CONT..
§ The Punjab members in the Basic Principles Committee and the Federal Cabinet disliked the formula because
they felt East Pakistan would easily dominate West Pakistan which had been divided into nine units.
§ The political crisis removed Prime Minister Nazimuddin (October 07, 1953), and attention unfocused from the
main issue.

Bogra Formula
§ Bogra Formula While taking charge as Prime Minister, Muhammad Ali Bogra declared that formulation of the
Constitution was his primary target. He worked hard on this project and within six months of assuming power,
came out with a constitutional formula.
§ His constitutional proposal, known as the Bogra Formula, was presented before the Constituent Assembly of
Pakistan on October 7, 1953.

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 Bogra Formula CONT..

Features Of Bogra Formula

▪ The federal legislature would comprise of two houses;
1. House of Unit ( Upper House)
2. House of People (Lower House)
§ The total strength of the House of Units would be 50, which was to be equally divided among five units
namely, East Bengal, Punjab, NWFP, Frontier States, Sindh and Khairpur, Balochistan.
§ The House of People was to have a total number of three hundred members, to be divided among the five
units in this manner – East Bengal 165 members, Punjab 75, NWFP 13, Sindh 19, State of Khairpur 1,
Balochistan 3, and Bahawalpur State 7.
§ Both Houses were to have equal powers in all matters.
§ In case of a difference of opinion between the two Houses, a joint session of the two Houses would be called and the matter
would be decided by a majority vote, provided that the majority included thirty percent of the members from each zone.

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 Bogra Formula CONT..
§ It maintained the principle of parity between East and West Pakistan in combined Houses, with 175 seats for
each zone. So in total, both the wings were to have 175 seats each in the two Houses of the Legislative
Assembly.
§ In place of the Board of Ulama, the Supreme Court was given the power to decide if a law was in accordance
with the basic teachings of the Holy Quran and Sunnah.
§ The two houses of the Legislative Assembly formed the Electoral College for the Presidential elections and
the President was to be elected for a term of 5 years.
This proposal was received with great enthusiasm however, there were some points of criticism as well.The issue
of equal powers to both Houses attracted a lot of criticism and some people maintained that since the lower
house represented the people it should have more power. But generally this proposal was accepted although the
parliament was divided on the response to the formula.In 1954 the Constituent Assembly of Pakistan decided that
the Bengali and Urdu would be the national languages of Pakistan.

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 Constituent Assembly Dissolution:-

▪ On 24th October 1954, Governor General Ghulam Muhammad dissolved the Constituent Assembly that was
challenged in the Sindh court by Maulvi Tamizuddin.

▪ Sindh High court declared the dissolution illegal but the Federal Court upheld the Governor General action
and asked for setting up an elected Constituent Assembly .

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THANKS!
ANY QUESTIONS?????

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