GHULAM MOHAMMAD (1951 – 1955)

MIAN SAAD AHMED

GHULAM MOHAMMAD – OCTOBER 1951

 After death of Liaquat Ali Khan, Ghulam Mohammad became the 3rd
Governor General of Pakistan
 He was first the Finance Minister
 Khwaja Nizamudin became the Prime Minister
GHULAM MOHAMMAD

 WORK
- Positive
- Negative
POSITIVE WORK:

 In 1950 a planning commission was set up for the development in Pakistan

 In 1951 a Six year plan was announced (agriculture, fuel, power, industry, mining,
transport and social uplift etc)
 In 1953 a planning board was set up to review development in the country and draft a
five year plan in 1956
 In 1952 a major jute plant was set up (East Pakistan)
 Sui gas exploration- Balochistan
NEGATIVE WORK:

 From 1951-1953 a severe drought occurred in Pakistan

 Affected food production
 Food shortages
 Rioting in cities
 International demand for Jute also declined (after Korean war)
 Meaning less money when more was needed
 People were protesting against Ahmedis (wanted dismissal of all Ahmedis from the
office)
CONSTITUTIONAL MATTERS

 The basic principles committee revised its unpopular clauses ( Issued first in Sept 1950) after two
years.
 Report issued on December 22, 1952
Its proposals included:
- Muslim head of the state
- House of Units (6o members from each wing)
- House of People (200 members from each wing)
- Representation for minorities at National / Provincial level
- Cabinet is to be responsible to NA and not the Head of the State
- An Islamic committee to be formed to ensure Islamic laws (by the head of the state)
- Matter of Official language to be resolved by the Assembly
CRITICISM TO THE PROPOSALS

 The criticism to the proposals of basic principles committee:

 A lot of criticism
 Bengalis were unsatisfied
 Matter of official language was still undecided
 Food shortages
DISMISSAL OF KHWAJA NAZIMUDDIN

 On 17 April 1953 Ghulam Mohammad dismissed Khwaja Nazimuddin (reason being no

control of economy)
 Khwwaja Nazimuddin did not resist (did not want further unrest and problems in
country)
 New Cabinet and New Prime Minister, Mohammad Ali Bogra (previously was the
ambassador to USA)
MOHAMMAD ALI BOGRA (PRIME MINISTER OF PAKISTAN – APRIL 1953)

 Foreign Aid from USA (To boost economy)

 Wheat was donated by US, Canada and Australia to solve famine problem
 Set up the planning board to produce 5 year plan to avoid further food shortages
 Regional agreement Central Treaty Organization (CENTO)
 Cento would give Pakistan both money and supplies to develop its industry and economy
THE CONSTITUTIONAL CRISIS OF 1954/1955

 Ghulam Mohammad still wanted to keep his position as the Governor General of
Pakistan
 Still no constitution in Pakistan
 Wanted to dominate Bogra but Bogra was not willing to be as simple as he had thought
 Bogra limited the powers of the Governor General in the assembly while he was out of
country (September 21 1954) and increased his own powers
 Made changes to PRODA
 All this was done in 15 minutes
THE CONSTITUTIONAL CRISIS OF 1954/1955

 Ghulam Mohammad took his revenge the following week when Bogra was out of
Pakistan
 Declared emergency and dissolved the assembly
 Made a new cabinet and then reappointed Bogra as the prime minister
 With assembly members of his own choice including Ayub Khan (commander in chief of
army)
 Maulvi Tamizudin (speaker of the dissolved assembly) appealed in court because
members of cabinet must be members of assembly) but eventually court gave Ghulam
Mohammad the rights to do so.
 On 21 June elections were held for a new constituent assembly and met on 7 July 1955
 Ghulam Mohammad resigned due to Illness and was replaced by Major General Iskandar
Mirza