IGCSE PAKISTAN STUDIES

PAPER PATTERN QUESTIONS

SECTION A
(a) Who was the Congress Party president who attended the Simla Conference in 1945?

(a) Which district of the Punjab contained the canal headworks that controlled water coming into
Pakistan in 1947?

(a) Identify a recommendation of the Basic Principles Committee (1950).

(a) Which princely state of Balochistan agreed to accede to Pakistan in 1947?

(a) Which organisation did Pakistan wish to legally settle the Canal Water Dispute?

(a) Who became the first Pakistani commander-in-chief of the army in 1951?

(a) Which government post did Malik Ghulam Muhammad hold when he persuaded Khwaja
Nazimuddin to become Prime Minister after the death of Liaqat Ali Khan?

(a) Which politician survived only six weeks as Prime Minister of Pakistan in 1957?

(a) Name the British Prime Minister who in 1947 announced Britain’s withdrawal from the sub-
continent.

(a) Where did Chaudhri Rehmat Ali study law in 1930?

(a) Who was the ruler of Kashmir in 1947?

(a) What did the abbreviation ‘RCD’ stand for?

(a) Who became Governor-General of Pakistan in September 1948?

(a) Who became Chief Martial Law Administrator in 1969?

(a) What was the name of the opposition party formed in 1977 to fight the general election?

(b) State two actions that offended many Muslims during the rule of Congress (1937–39).

(c) Explain why the Round Table Conferences (1930–32) were not successful.

(c) Why were the three Round Table Conferences held?

(c) Why was the Cripps Mission of 1942 unsuccessful?

(c) Why did Jinnah produce his 14 Points in 1929?

(c) Why was the Government of India Act of 1935 so important to the future of the sub-continent?

(c) Why did the Gandhi-Jinnah Talks fail in 1944?

(c) Why did the Cripps Mission of 1942 fail?

(c) Why was Pakistan faced with a refugee problem in 1947?

(c) Explain why the Cripps Mission had limited success in 1942.

(c) Why did Muslims object to the rule of the Congress Party between 1937 and 1939?

(c) Why were three Round Table Conferences held between 1930 and 1932?

(c) Why did Jinnah produce his 14 Points in 1929?

(c) Why was the Second Round Table Conference of 1931 unsuccessful?

(c) Explain why there were three Round Table Conferences between 1930 and 1932

(c) Explain why the Muslim community objected to the rule of the Congress party between 1937 and
1939.

(c) Why did the Cripps Mission of 1942 fail?

(c) Explain why there was a constitutional crisis in 1958.

(c) Explain why there were many governments between 1951 and 1958.

(c) How successful were the three Round Table Conferences of 1930-1932? Explain your answer.

(c) Explain why there was opposition to the Government of India Act of 1935.

(c) Explain why Ayub Khan came to power in 1958.

(c) Explain why Muhammad Ali Jinnah produced his 14 Points in 1929.

(c) Explain why Muhammad Ali Jinnah chose Urdu as the national language of Pakistan.

(c) Explain why Congress and the Muslim League opposed the Cripps Mission of 1942

(d) ‘Ayub Khan’s agricultural policies were the most effective of the domestic reforms that took
place between 1958 and 1969.’ How far do you agree with this statement? Explain your answer.

(d) Was the work of Allama Iqbal more important to the Pakistan Movement than that of Rehmat Ali?
Explain your answer.

(d) To what extent was Direct Action Day more significant in the creation of Pakistan than other key
events of the 1940s? Explain your answer.

(d) ‘The main reason why Congress rule (1937–1939) was so hated was because of the introduction
of the Wardha Scheme.’ Do you agree? Give reasons for your answer.

(d) ‘The First Round Table Conference of 1930 was the most successful one of all three.’ Do you
agree or disagree? Give reasons for your answer.

(d) Assess the significance of the contributions of Allama Iqbal and Rahmat Ali to the Pakistan
Movement. Explain your answer.

(d) ‘Disagreement over the future role of central government in the subcontinent was the main
reason for the breakdown of the Gandhi–Jinnah talks in 1944.’ How far do you agree with this
statement? Explain your answer.

(d) Were the economic reforms of Ayub Khan the most important of his domestic policies in the
‘Decade of Progress’ between 1958 and 1969? Explain your answer.

(d) ‘The number of refugees entering Pakistan was the main problem that the new state faced in
1947.’ Discuss how far you agree with this statement.

You may use the following in your answer:

• shortage of accommodation

• The Canal Water Dispute.

You must also use information of your own.

(d) ‘The main reason why Congress rule (1937–39) was hated so much by many Muslims was
because of the introduction of Bande Matram.’ Do you agree? Explain your answer.

(d) ‘The low rate of literacy was the most important social problem facing Pakistan between 1947
and 1988.’ Do you agree? Give reasons for your answer.

(d) ‘The 14 Points were Muhammad Ali Jinnah’s greatest achievement in the years 1929 to 1947.’ Do
you agree? Explain your answer.

(d) How successful was Pakistan in solving the problems of Partition during 1947 and 1948?
Explain your answer.

(d) ‘The main reason why Congress rule (1937–1939) was so hated was because of the introduction
of the Wardha Scheme.’ Do you agree? Explain your answer.

(d) ‘The government of Pakistan was totally successful in solving the problems of Partition during
1947 and 1948.’ Do you agree? Explain your answer.

(d) ‘Constitutional reforms were the most important of Ayub Khan’s domestic policies during the
‘Decade of Progress’ between 1958 and 1969.’ Do you agree? Give reasons for your answer

(d) Was anything achieved by the Round Table Conferences of 1930 to 1932? Explain your answer.

(d) ‘Constitutional reforms were the most important of Ayub Khan’s domestic policies during the
“Decade of Progress” between 1958 and 1969.’ Do you agree? Give reasons for your answer.

(d) Who of the following contributed the most to Pakistan’s domestic policies between 1948 and
1958:

(i) Liaquat Ali Khan;

(ii) Malik Ghulam Muhammad;

(iii) Iskander Mirza?

Explain your answer with reference to all three of the above.

(d) Which of the following contributed the most to Pakistan’s domestic policies between 1948 and
1958?

(i) Khwaja Nazimuddin

(ii) Malik Ghulam Muhammad

(iii) Iskander Mirza

Explain your answer with reference to all three of the above.

(d) Which of the following was the most important in the development of the Pakistan Movement?:

(i) the Simon Commission 1927

(ii) Jinnah’s 14 Points 1929

(iii) the Government of India Act 1935

Explain your answer with reference to all three of the above.

(d) ‘During the Second World War (1939–1945), negotiations aimed at Indian Independence achieved
little.’ Give reasons why you might agree and disagree with this statement.

(d) Was the First Round Table Conference of 1930 more successful than the two that followed in
1931 and 1932? Explain your answer.
(d) Were the Gandhi–Jinnah talks the most important factor during the 1940s that led to the partition
of the subcontinent in 1947? Give reasons for your answer.

(d) Was the introduction of Jinnah’s 14 Points in 1929 the most important factor in the development
of the Pakistan Movement between 1928 and 1935? Give reasons for your answer

SECTION B
(a) Where did the East India Company land in 1608?

(a) Identify the town where, in 1857, Nana Sahib is said to have killed 300 British women and
children.

(a) Who was appointed the first governor general of India in 1782?

(a) Who introduced the Doctrine of Lapse in 1852?

(a) Which Indian leader did the British kill in June 1858 during the War of Independence?

(a) What happened to Bahadur Shah Zafar II after the War of Independence?

(a) Who did Shah Wali Ullah study under when he went to Saudi Arabia in 1724?

(a) Where was Syed Ahmad Shaheed Barailvi born in 1786?

(a) In which year did Shah Wali Ullah return to Delhi from his pilgrimage to Arabia?

(a) Who led the Pathan military force that Syed Ahmad Shaheed Barailvi joined following his
graduation from the Madrassa in Delhi?

(a) Who wrote Athar-ul-Sanadeed in 1846?

(a) To where was Bahadur Shah II exiled in 1857?

(a) Which Indian general assisted the Rani of Jhansi during the War of Independence?

(a) Name the Act of Parliament passed in 1878 that placed strict controls on some Indian
newspapers.

(a) Which position was added to that of Governor-General after the War of Independence?

(b) State two achievements of Shah Wali Ullah in reviving Islam.

(b) State two achievements of Haji Shariat Ullah in reviving Islam.

(b) State two ways that Shah Wali Ullah promoted Islam.

(c) Explain why Sir Syed Ahmad Khan tried to improve relations between the Muslim community
and the British.

(c) Explain why the Doctrine of Lapse (1852) was unpopular in India.

(c) Why did Sir Syed Ahmad Khan wish to develop a better understanding with the British following
the War of Independence (1857–58)?
(c) Explain why Haji Shariatullah was an important figure in the revival of Islam during the
eighteenth century

(c) Explain why Britain was so successful in extending its control of the sub-continent between
1750 and 1850.

(c) Why did Shah Wali Ullah have such a major influence on the revival of Islam in the
subcontinent?

(c) Why was Britain successful in increasing its control of some parts of the sub-continent in the
years 1750 to 1850?

(c) Explain why the East India Company got involved in the sub-continent during the seventeenth
century.

(c) Why did Sir Syed Ahmad Khan found the Aligarh Movement?

(c) Why did the War of Independence of 1857 not succeed?

(c) Why was Britain successful in maintaining its control of the sub-continent in the years 1750 to
1850?

(c) Why were the British able to take control of India by 1850?

(c) Explain why Britain was able to expand into the subcontinent between 1750 and 1850.

(c) Explain why Shah Waliullah was an important figure for the Muslim community during the
eighteenth century.

(d) ‘Indian resistance to British attempts to take control of lands in the sub-continent in the hundred
years before 1850 was totally unsuccessful.’ Do you agree? Give reasons for your answer.

(d) Was the greased cartridge incident the most important cause of the War of Independence of
1857? Explain your answer.

(d) ‘The “Two-Nation” Theory was Sir Syed Ahmad Khan’s main contribution to the development of
the Pakistan Movement during the nineteenth century.’ How far do you agree with this statement?
Explain your answer.

(d) To what extent were military factors the main cause of the War of Independence in 1857? Explain
your answer.

(d) ‘The strength of the British army was the main reason why the War of Independence (1857)
failed.’ Discuss how far you agree with this statement.

You may use the following in your answer:

• the Industrial Revolution in Britain

• Indian leadership.

You must also use information of your own.

(d) Were Sir Syed Ahmad Khan’s religious views his most important contribution to the Muslim
cause after 1857? Explain your answer.

(d) To what extent were the different aims of Indian groups in 1857 the main reason why the War of
Independence was short-lived? Explain your answer.
(d) Was the work of the Christian missionaries the most important reason why the Indians opposed
British attempts to westernize them between 1750 and 1850? Explain your answer.

(d) Did Syed Ahmad Barelvi contribute more to the spread of Islam than anyone else in the
subcontinent before 1840? Explain your answer.

(d) ‘The work of Shah Waliullah was the main factor contributing to the spread of Islam between
1700 and 1850.’ How far do you agree with this statement? Explain your answer.

(d) To what extent were the outcomes of the War of Independence beneficial for India? Explain your
answer.

(d) To what extent were economic reforms the main cause of the War of Independence in 1857?
Explain your answer.

(d) Was the introduction of the ‘Doctrine of Lapse’ in 1852 the most important reason for the War of
Independence in 1857? Explain your answer.

(d) Was religion the most important reason for the War of Independence in 1857? Give reasons for
your answer.

(d) Was the Two Nation Theory the most important contribution of Sir Syed Ahmad Khan? Explain
your answer.

(d) Was a lack of unity amongst the Indians the main reason for the failure of the War of
Independence 1857-1858? Explain your answer.

(d) Was the work of Syed Ahmad Shaheed Barailvi the most important factor in the revival of Islam
in the sub-continent during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries? Give reasons for your
answer.

(d) Was the attempt to achieve a better understanding with the British the most important
contribution that Sir Syed Ahmad Khan made to the Muslim cause during the nineteenth century?
Explain your answer.

(d) Was the development of a western education system the most important contribution of Sir
Syed Ahmad Khan in developing the cause of Muslims during the nineteenth century? Explain your
answer.

(d) Was the greased cartridge incident the most important cause of the War of Independence of
1857? Give reasons for your answer.

(d) Did Shah Waliullah contribute more to the spread of Islam than anyone else in the subcontinent
before 1850? Explain your answer.

(d) Who of the following was the most important in the spread of Islam during the seventeenth and
eighteenth centuries:

(i) Shah Wali Ullah;

(ii) Syed Ahmad Shaheed Barailvi;

(iii) Hajji Shariat Ullah?

Explain your answer with reference to all three of the above.

(d) Was an absence of leadership the main reason why the War of Independence in 1857 failed?
Explain your answer.
 SECTION C
(a) Who was the Prime Minister of Bengal in 1940?

(a) Identify the country that Liaquat Ali Khan visited in 1950.

(a) In which desert did the Indians hold military exercises in 1987 that Pakistan found threatening?

(a) What was the title given to Liaquat Ali Khan after his assassination in 1951?

(a) Where did the explosion at an army weapons dump take place in 1988?

(a) Which international organisation did Pakistan leave in 1972?

(b) State two international organisations that Pakistan joined in the years 1947–1955.

(c) Explain why Ayub Khan called the years 1958 to 1969 the ‘Decade of Progress’.

(c) Why did Pakistan join the United Nations in 1947?

(c) Explain why relations between Pakistan and Britain improved in 1979.

(c) Why were the years 1958 to 1969 called the ‘Decade of Progress’?

(c) Why was India successful in the 1965 and 1971 wars against Pakistan?

(c) Why did Pakistan seek membership of the United Nations in 1947?

(c) Why was Islamabad chosen as the new capital of Pakistan?

(c) Explain why Pakistan becoming a nuclear power was significant.

(c) Explain why Ayub Khan introduced Martial Law in 1958.

(c) Why did Pakistan join the United Nations in 1947?

(c) Why did being a nuclear power create difficulties for Pakistan in the 1980s and 1990s?

(d) To what extent was the relationship between Pakistan and its neighbour Afghanistan successful
from 1947 to 1999?

(d) How successful was Pakistan in its relationship with the USA between 1947 and 1988? Explain
your answer.

(d) How successful was Pakistan in its relationship with Afghanistan between 1947 and 1999?

(d) How successful was Pakistan in its relationship with Great Britain and the Commonwealth
between 1947 and 1999? Explain your answer.

(d) How successful has Pakistan been as a member of world organisations between 1947 and
1999? Explain your answer.

(d) Were the social reforms of Ayub Khan the most important of his domestic policies during the
‘Decade of Progress’ between 1958 and 1969? Explain your answer.

(d) How successful was Pakistan in its relationship with the U.S.A. between 1947 and 1999? Explain
your answer.

(d) ) Pakistan’s relations with the United States were very successful in the years 1947–1989.’
Discuss how far you agree with this statement.
You may use the following in your answer:

• the US and anti-communism

• the nuclear issue.

You must also use information of your own.

(d) How successful have relations between Pakistan and Bangladesh been from 1971 to 1999?
Explain your answer.

(d) ‘Pakistan has had good relations with the United Kingdom and the Commonwealth since 1947.’
How far do you agree with this statement? Explain your answer.

(d) ‘Pakistan has had good relations with the United States since 1947.’ How far do you agree with
this statement? Explain your answer.

(d) ‘Pakistan has built good relations with Bangladesh since 1971.’ How far do you agree with this
statement? Explain your answer.