The Liberal Min d By William F. Buckley, Jr .
William F. Buckley, Jr ., author of God and Man at Yale, co-authored with
L . Brent Bozell the widely-discussed book McCarthy and His Enemies.
Buckley, a 1950 Yale graduate, is a lecturer and regular panelist on Fact s
Forum's ANSWERS FOR AMERICANS . Buckley has projected a new maga-
zine, National Weekly, which, according to Newsweek, is slated to begin
publication in September .
recent years, a number of importan t
N nists, and they, quite evidently, do no t
I books and articles have been written ,
and important things thought and sai d
understand the Communists . I believe
that our most immediate challenge is t o
about the Communist . What is he like ? understand our leaders ; and having
understood them we must either dis- stream of contemporary political an d
What goes on in his mind? What is h e philosophical thought. the swollen an d
afraid of? How can we move him? Ho w possess them of power, or make them
understand, or prepare to die . For ou r irrepressible stream fed for so man y
does he operate? What is he likely to d o years by the waters of rationalism, posi-
in this situation, or that one? How ca n leaders, call them what you will—socia l
democrats, Fabians, progressive moder- tivism, Marxism, and utopianism .
we vanquish him here, contain him
there, coexist with him over there? W e ates ; I call them Liberals, and I spel l As regards contemporary American
haven't mastered the Communist tem- that word with a capital "L"—are the controversies, the Liberal is likely to feel
perament, or the Communist mind, true ; unknown in the great equation . that Owen Lattimore has been unjustly
much of the Communist remains in- I think it is easy to demonstrate tha t persecuted and that our loyalty progra m
scrutable . But the progress we hav e we know more about the workings o f has become an instrument of right-win g
made is vast . We have learned so muc h the mind of Nikolai Bulganin than we conformity . He tends to believe that th e
about this man, and about his movemen t know about the workings of the mind o f Bricker Amendment is a reactionary plot
that, I think it is safe to say, the Com- Dwight Eisenhower . For, while com- to immobilize the executive branch o f
munist emerges as the most predictabl e pared to one another with reference t o government . He is easily persuaded that
political animal alive and active today . almost any acceptable standard, one i s Senator McCarthy represents today th e
One would think that, in this case, a scoundrel and one relatively a saint— same kind of threat that Adolf Hitler
knowing the enemy is nine-tenths of th e the life of Bulganin makes sense in a held out to the Germans twenty year s
battle . After all, we are physicall y way that the life of Eisenhower does not . ago . And whatever little disagreement s
stronger than the Communists, and w e A reviewer of my last book charged they have in- their own ranks, the Lib-
firmly believe that our values are inher- that in using the word Liberal I coul d erals unite to honor their heroes . In la w
ently superior to theirs . only have in mind the' clientele o f it is Oliver Wendell Holmes ; in educa-
Yet year in and year out we not only Nation magazine . I have been carefu l tion and philosophy it is John Dewey ;
come in second in every lap of ou r in the past, and will continue to be, t o in politics it is Franklin Roosevelt .
mortal race with the Communists, we ar e be precise enough to defend mysel f The picture I have drawn of the Lib-
made to look as though we had electe d easily against such a charge ; so tha t eral is, of course, fragmentary and in -
to race with balls and chains tied to ou r when I talk about Liberals it is clea r conclusive . It has only the purpose o f
ankles, and blindfolds over our eyes . that I am not referring only to thos e giving a general idea of just who it i s
Could it be that we have funda- frenzied malcontents who support th e I am talking about, of dispelling th e
mentally misunderstood the Communists , Nation, I have in mind the pleasant an d notion that when I talk about a Liberal
with the result that, like the man wit h pensive man who owns your local book - I could only be referring to menta l
the shell game, they are able to fool u s store and fills his window full of th e spastics such as Nye Bevan or Agne s
every time? Did we lose North Kore a collected complaints of E . B . White, Meyer .
because the Communists upset all ou r James Wechsler, and Elmer Davis, tha t
careful calculations by acting atypi- good and lovable lady who regularly de- PERILS OF THE LIBERAL MIN D
cally? Did we lose Indochina becaus e serts her housewifely duties in the sprin g
the Communists pulled something out o f to help raise money for the Unite d Then we cannot survive unless we
the bag that no reasonable Westerne r World Federalists, and the ambitiou s understand our own leaders—the rul-
could possibly have anticipated? Do th e and orderly young man who works fo r ing elite of the Western world—th e
Communists continue to have suet . a Wall Street broker and maps program s Liberals .
strength in Italy and France because o f and draws up manifestoes for the Youn g I urge therefore that those who are
an inventiveness so diabolically ingeni- Republican Club lamenting our age o f competent to do so set out, as a matter
ous as to incapacitate the Western strat- suspicion . I don' t mean to imply tha t of urgent concern to us all, to explore the
egist? I believe not . As I say. I believ e there is no such thing as the sinister, the Liberal mind . I myself have neither th e
the Communist is a highly predictabl e guileful, or the treacherous Liberal ; patience, the skills, nor the trepidation
creature . I believe that as the result o f there are many ; but the majority are i n to embark upon so frightening an ad -
our tortuous journey into the recesse s most respects good and amiable and venture . As of this moment I am merel y
of the Communist mind, we have com e talented people . reporting on what I can see from here .
close to understanding him . So I am not talking about an unrul y aware that the distance that separate s
But we do not understand the people little eddy . When I talk about moder n me and my target may result in illu -
charged with coping with the Commu- Liberalism I am talking about the main-. (Continued on Page 52)
The Liberal Min d
is not only what comes out of him, bu t
what he puts up with from others . Has
anyone here ever heard any stentoria n
voice from Liberaldom register disma y
(Continued from Page 6) at this or ahyy,other of the intellectua l
sions and distortions and oversimpli- you defended your right to shake hand s monstrosities mothered by this woman ?
fications . with Mr. Vishinsky, and Senator Mc - No : Mrs . Roosevelt is a certified Lib-
Aware of these limitations then, I Carthy . Would you also have felt it wa s eral,and I know of no one who refuse s
nevertheless venture upon a short,canaly- right to shake hands with Adolf Hitler? " to acknowledge her license as a , spokes-
sis of the Liberal mind . And I shal l Replied Mrs . Roosevelt (not, I think , man for ,,American Liberalism . In quot-
argue that it is indispensable to a knowl- after anything but the intensest intellec- ing her I do not pretend to be quotin g
edge of that mind to recognize tha t tual effort to solve that one), "In Adolf from a first-ranking Liberal scholar o r
there is an enormous area in which the Hitler ' s early days I might have "consid- philosopher ; but I do ask why first -
Liberal does not know how to think . ered it, but after he had begun his mas s ranking Liberal scholars and philoso-
More specifically : he is illogical, he i s killings I don' t think I could have born e phers and thoughtful laymen counten-
inconsistent, and he cannot assess evi- it . „ ance her . It must be either because (a )
dence . I suggest that any effort to under - they are aware that Mrs . Roosevelt' s
Several years ago, I wrote a critiqu e stand Mrs . Roosevelt ' s code on when i t close personal and political associatio n
of modern education—specifically, o f is permissible to shake someone ' s hand with her husband invested her with a
Yale education—for which I now fee l is very difficult if one has reference t o glamor which is highly utilitarian, or
I must, in part, apologize . I apologize these statements . If we were to set up a (b), (and this is both more plausibl e
not so much for the irrelevance of th e syllogism, here is how it would look : and more charitable), not knowin g
indictment as for its incompleteness . Proposition s A : E . R. will not shak e themselves how to think, they are in -
Almost all of my critics intoned tha t hands with those who are guilty of mass competent to recognize that Mrs . Roose-
killings . velt does not know how to think .
Yale—that Liberal education—attempt s Proposition B : E. R . will shake hands
to teach students not what to think, bu t with Vishinsky . However farfetched this explanatio n
how to think . And I used to answer the m Conclusion : Vishinsky is not guilty o f may appear, ,how else do you accoun t
with some such observation as that m y mass killings . for it? The Liberal community neve r
ignorant but decent delivery man is a But even Mrs . Roosevelt knows tha t seems to have enough of her . Colleges
far better citizen of the world, to use a he is — or was, rather . So what was sh e stand in line to award her honorar y
term that engages the rapt and respect- degrees ; she is forever speaking to an y
ful attention of all Liberals, than th e group on the subject of anything, an d
chairman of the department of philoso- her annual books are snuggled close t o
phy of Moscow University who—mak e the Liberal bosom . Only very, very sel-
no mistake about it—is not ignorant . I dom do they meet up with condig n
still maintain that this is a sufficient an- punishment. This happened with Mrs .
swer, but I shall never forgive myself fo r Roosevelt's last book, which was unfor-
being so easily duped as to accept un- tunate enough to fall into the hands o f
critically the premise that the Liberal s a man who does know how to think ,
Wide World Phoro s
are, indeed, successfully teaching Ameri- Professor James Burnham .
Andrei Vishinsky, Mrs. Eleanor Roosevelt ,
can students how to think . I should hav e and Adolf Hitler . Wrote Mr . Burnham :
come back at my critics—it would hav e In India and the Awakening East, Mrs.
been easy by demonstrating that no t trying to say? Was she trying to say tha t Roosevelt was able to complete her flower -
only does modern education tend t o there are significant differences betwee n strewn march unpricked by the thorns o f
teach you to think what you ought no t Hitler and Vishinsky? If so, with refer- reason . . . .
to think, it also fails to teach you how to ence to what system of ethics, or wha t Like all her writing, the contents an d
prose of this book avoid excessive de-
think . system of logic, do these differences mands on her readers . In crossing from
There isn't space for many example s emerge? The only explanation Mrs . the Arab lands into Israel she has in on e
of the Liberal mind'at work on a logical Roosevelt attempts is that "after Hitler striking way a curious experience : the
had begun his mass killings," then sh e population, she finds, is predominantl y
problem . so let me attempt just one o r Jewish . . . .
two . couldn't bear it . But not only has sh e In another passage she tells us about
Some months ago, I suggested on a been able to bear to shake hands an d Mr . Sudhir Ghosh, whose enthusiasm in -
television program that symbolic of the drink cocktails with the first-rankin g spires one with confidence! What is a
butcher of the Soviet Union, she ha s rational being to make of such a phrase ?
sluggishness of the collective Liberal Enthusiasm inspires one with confidence ?
anti-Communist effort is the fact tha t found it bearable to talk with him, as a By the record, Hitler was the most en-
should Eleanor Roosevelt meet Senato r co-aspirant, about drafting a mutuall y thusiastic man of our time, and Fathe r
McCarthy at a cocktail party she woul d satisfactory declaration of human rights ! Coughlin, Mao, Huey Long, and Leni n
are not far behind . So therefore? But the
probably refuse to shake hands wit h It is much too easy to accept„on th e phrase is of (course not rational, nor the
him, whereas she would almost as sure- basis of this performance, the explana- expression of reason . . . .
ly shake Vishinsky's hand at the sam e tion that Eleanor Roosevelt is anti-Naz i This furious energy, to which a gigan-
party. A day or two later ,a reporte r but pro-Communist . But that is not th e tic ego frantically clings . . . is like a great
asked her, How about it? Indignantl y answer. Eleanor Roosevelt is not pro - tank with a drunken driver, loose in the
crowded streets of a city. It is the onrus h
she,answered that she would shake hand s Communist . She just doesn't know ho w of sentiment, unguided and unrestraine d
with both Vishinsky and McCarthy a t to think . Not even potentially, I shoul d by intelligence, reason, or principle . Ove r
any future social affair, that in the; pas t say . She is one of the people to who m whatever subject, problem, plan, or issue
she had once shaken McCarthy 's han d Pythagoras could not have explained Mrs. Roosevelt touches, she spreads a
about his triangle . squidlike ink of directionless feeling . All
(this was evidently a vivid memory) , distinctions are blurred, all analysi s
and that was that . It may be objected that generaliza- fouled, and in that murk clear thought i s
Not quite, however ; for a month o r tions about the Liberal mind based o n forever impossible .
two later she was asked in her regula r anything that comes out of Mrs . Roose- Still — Mrs . Roosevelt is one woman ,
question-and-answer column in Ladies velt are invalid . I disagree . The inde x and there are many Liberals, so, prop-
Home Journal, "In a recent column to the intellectual sensitivity of a person erly, we must move on .
BIT OF AMERICANA ! sional committee to get either indict- understand, seem to be saying that m y
ments or convictions . Frequently, commit - activities and those of our committee ar e
Rather than to quote, at this point , tee work does lead down the path to th e not justified unless we produce a dail y
a single Liberal spokesman, let me quote Justice Department . But convictions mos t quota of traitors who have already stabbed
virtually all of them . Let me quote th e often result from the activities of thos e this nation in the back . It is not enough ,
president of the League of Wome n committees that address themselves t o it seems, that we are devoting ourselves to
out-and-out lawbreaking — to graft, cor- insuring, as best we can, that she shal l
Voters of Middletown, Indiana, the boo k ruption, income tax evasion, etc . not be stabbed in the back at some fu-
reviewer of the country weekly, th e In the field of security, an indictmen t ture moment.
minister of the local church, the profes- or a conviction is extremely hard to ge t There is more depth, more attentio n
sor of politics at Harvard University , —not because there are, say, fewer Com- to logical process, and a greater respec t
and the editor of the New York Times : munists in this country than there ar e
income tax evaders. [But] a successfu l for intelligence in these few paragraph s
QUOTE : The /act remains that not on e Communist is precisely that person wh o than in volumes on the subject by th e
is skilled in throwing you and me off hi s most expensive Liberal educators, edi-
conviction has resulted from the activ- tracks . In self-defense, then, it becam e
ities of Senator McCarthy . It follows the policy,-of the federal government t o tors, and publicists .
that his career has been useless . weed out-of government all persons abou t I have given just a few illustrations o f
whose loyalty there is a reasonable doub t representative Liberal logic, and mov e
I submit that this bit of Americana is —not just those persons who can defi-
as representative a Liberal statement as nitely he established to be agents of th e now to an examination of another cate-
any in our history—and that it tells u s Soviet Union . gory of Liberal thinking, still under th e
rather a lot about the Liberals' capa- The government does not go on to broad heading of irrationality .
prosecute, nor should it—nor could it un-
city for logical and meaningful thought . der the Constitution—the federal employe e HOBGOBLIN OF LITTLE MINDS !
Allow me to analyze it by quoting Sen- about whose loyalty there is merely a
ator McCarthy himself . Let me quote a reasonable doubt : it is satisfied to dis- I have on several occasions heard Lib-
few paragraphs from his testimony las t miss him from federal service . It ha s erals patronizingly dismiss any com-
been my principal concern, over the past plaint about their inconsistencies b y
summer before the Jenner Committee o n years, to rout security risks out of gov-
congressional investigating procedures . ernment and defense industries . quoting Ralph Waldo Emerson, I thin k
I quote now from a man who above al l it was, who remarked that "a foolis h
My chief concern has not been, in othe r
others, the Liberals assure us, know s words, to bring to trial those responsibl e consistency is , the hobgoblin of littl e
neither how to think, nor what to think . for espionage and policy sabotage tha t minds . " Emerson was right ; but not s o
has already been committed, but rathe r the Liberals who lean on him so heavily .
Bearing this in mind, compare the qual- to prevent future espionage and polic y
ity of thought in the ensuing words wit h sabotage. Every time a security risk i s If today we write a check on insufficien t
that embodied in the daily anti-McCar- ejected from a sensitive agency of govern- funds, it would be foolish indeed if i n
thy editorial or speech we all read o r ment or a defense plant, a step has bee n the future we were to bemoan the "in -
taken to guard against the possibility o f consistency" involved in writing check s
hear ; future espionage . It is not as glamorou s
or as spectacular to prevent a future Alger on existing deposits . Nor can any rea-
Let me, at this point, [said Senator Mc-
Carthy to the Jenner Committee] addres s Hiss from changing the course of histor y sonable member of this community crit-
myself to another prominent misappre- at a future Yalta as it is to detect a n icize a regenerated Louis Budenz for th e
hension, the effects of which beat dow n Alger Hiss who did change th; course o f inconsistency of opposing, in 1954, th e
upon me and our committee as regularl y history at a past Yalta .
as the sun rises . That is the eternal wa r same dictatorship of the proletariat h e
But I am more interested in preventin g supported so ardently in 1944 .
whoop : How many convictions have yo u future Yaltas than in punishing thos e
gotten? Not many? Then it follows that to blame for past ones—even if thi s Just the same, consistency is not a
you; work has been either unnecessary means that I am not in a position to dan- supernumerary virtue . For basically ,
or Incompetent . gle a welter of scalps in the faces of m y
It is not the function of a congres - critics who, for a reason I cannot hope to consistency is justice, and therefore the
inconsistent man, or the man who toler-
ates or supports inconsistency, is an un-
just man . The law, for example, seekin g
justice, metes out the same penalty fo r
the same offense . The society that sen-
tences one drunkard to twenty-fou r
hours in jail and another to the electri c
chair is unjust and could expect n o
quarter from Mr. Emerson ; but this i s
the kind of inconsistency that, due to th e
curious workings of his mind, time an d
time again the Liberal is guilty of .
An example or two : Senator Ralp h
Flanders gets up on the floor of th e
Senate and asks whether or not an un-
natural relationship between Roy Coh n
and David Schine and Senator McCarth y
doesn't satisfactorily explain their be-
havior throughout the Army episode .
Good show, the Liberals seem to say, i n
unison ; and immediately the wheels
turn, the sabres flash, and before yo u
know it our publicists have ground ou t
a new folk hero—the granite-faced, jut -
jawed, tough-talking New England dra-
gon-killer ; Edward Marrow ' s taut fac e
momentarily relaxes as he smiling con -
templates the essential goodness of man
—Wide World Photo
and democracy, and the sophisticate d
Senator Ralph Flanders (right) hands Sen . Joe McCarthy written notice that he will attac k
-him on the Senate floor. The presentation was made during Senate probe of the McCarthy- and calloused National Press Club i n
Army dispute . Washington breaks precedent to giv e
Senator Flanders a standing ovation . out where I come from we have a sayin g emotion nor to opportunism — bu t
that if a man double-crosses you once , rather to his fundamental incapacity t o
One reporter was so uncouth as t o that is his fault ; if he double-crosses yo u
press the matter, asking Senator Flan- twice, that is your fault . I just want you think objectively . What I am saying i s
ders to crystallize his charges : Are you , to know you won' t get the second oppor - most of the time the Liberal doesn't kno w
said the reporter, are you saying tha t tunity. he's being inconsistent, doesn't kno w
Reece : . . . there is no livin g man can he's being unjust . He is so built that h e
these men are perverts? Certainly not , justifiably say that . . . (I) have ever
said the Senator : I am merely askin g double-crossed anybody or . . .failed t o cannot in a controversy in which he i s
questions . keep . . . (my) word . committed, see the parallels in two sit-
Let us take a hypothetical situation . Hays : I am saying both . . .is that clear uations ; he moves not by reason but b y
enough? There is no inference there, i s instinct ; he is the man who is trul y
Tomorrow, President Eisenhower au- there ? prejudiced ; for he consistently pre -
thorizes our ambassador in Japan t o Reece : That does not disturb me a
consent to limited trade between Japan judges men and situations . The certifie d
particle . Liberal — the Eleanor Roosevelt, th e
and Red China . Senator McCarthy get s Hays : I know . You are pretty hard t o
up on the floor and suggests that the disturb . I thought they had more guts in Wayne Hays — cannot err ; in goin g
action of the President is satisfactoril y Tennessee. after Roy Cohn and Joseph McCarth y
explained if one assumes he is a mem- As far as I know, there has not bee n and Carroll Reece they cannot stumble ,
ber of the Communist party . To those a single editorial in the New York Times therefore they do not stumble, therefor e
who immediately roar out their indig- urging that Congressman Hays be cen- the decent, the well disposed and the in-
nation he says, simply : I'm not accus- sured, not one manifesto from the com- dustrious of the community can giv e
ing the President of being a Communist . mittee for an effective Congress, no r them their unthinking support ; which is
an extra million dollars appropriate d the type of support the Liberal charac-
I 'm just asking questions . . .
by the Fund for the Republic to look teristically extends .
It is as simple as that . Flanders ca n
get away with something McCarthy, o r into the threat of "Haysism ." In fact , Lack of objectivity leads to incon-
Jenner, or Taft, or Knowland coul d I know of not one Liberal, prominent o r sistency, but it betrays, also, an incapa-
never get away with . The Liberal com- not, who has suggested censure or even city to assess evidence ; and this is th e
munity deals differently with the sam e a mild reprimand . The best I could ge t third aspect of the Liberal's irrationality .
offense, depending on who commits it out of Liberal publicist George Hamil- The first illristration that comes t o
and against whom it is committed . ton Combs—whose fulminations over the mind here is the most obvious, perhap s
A year ago Senator McCarthy said t o Zwicker incident shattered steel an d even the most written about . I mean, o f
a general in the United States Army , concrete — and that only after suasion . course, our putative reign of terror. I
"Anv general who says `I will protect cajolery, and threats, was that "perhap s haven ' t the energy to catalogue, once
another general who protected Commun- Mr . Hays' conduct was a little undisci- again, sample Liberal statements abou t
ists' is not fit to wear that uniform . " plined ." And this, of course, is why : I n our reign of terror, not even the mor e
The Liberal community fairly explode d the one case it was an outsider who wa s hilarious ones about how we go to jai l
with outrage. For General Zwicker ha d being abusive ; in the other it was a fel- if we read Thomas Jefferson . or ge t
been decorated for bravery. (Anyon e low Liberal who, what is more, was en - starved out by the American Legion i f
decorated for bravery, the Liberal seem s gaged in obstructing an inquiry into th e
to he saying, cannot, no matter what h e ideological bases of the great founda-
subsequently does, be considered as un- tions, which, because they are virtually
fit to wear a uniform . But it is not th e all run by Liberals, are by definitio n
irrelevance of this defense of Genera l not investigable .
Zwicker that concerns us, here in a dis- I submit that if McCarthy were to use
cussion of Liberal inconsistency. ) such language as Hays used on the chair -
A Senate committee recommende d man of any committee of which he is a
McCarthy be censured for that one, an d member, or were to employ such tactics ,
the Senate came mighty close to actin g he would be run out of Washingto n
on the committee's recommendations . I t with wet towels . Certainly he would ac-
didn't, finally ; but its refusal to do s o tivate the otherwise listless editorial
enraged the Liberals, one and all ; we are writers of the New York Times .
guilty of letting down a man who ha s
fought valiantly for his country, the y NOT A WASHABLE EXPLANATION !
said ; so in their own minds, they cen-
sured McCarthy for this outrage . It is possible to maintain that suc h
A month or so after McCarthy ha d inconsistencies as these, and a thousan d
thus spoken to Zwicker, another legis- others that could readily be enumerated ,
lator paid his respects, face to face, to reflect not on the Liberal mind, but o n
another man with a distinguished back - the Liberal temperament . Everyone lose s
ground of military service . a fellow leg- control of himself, after all ; and in the
islator . This congressman was decorate d heat of the occasion we are all likely t o
during the first world war with the Dis- apply one set of standards to those w e
tinguished Service Cross, the Disting- approve of and another to those we d o
uished Service Medal. and the Purpl e not .
Heart ; he was awarded the Croix d e I believe that such an explanatio n
Guerre with palm . he was cited fo r does not wash . For one thing, no huma n
bravery by Marshal Petain . by General being loses his temper as often as a
Edward, by General Hale, and by Gen- Liberal is inconsistent . And anyway,
eral Lewis . His name is B . Carroll Reece. most Liberals are icy men who think i n
and the assault upon him was made b y refrigerated offices, where passion i s —Wide World Photo s
Congressman Wayne Hays during a not admitted . Who ever heard of Walte r Congressmen Wayne L. Hays (D-Ohio) ,
committee hearing over which Reece wa s Lippmann being carried away? No, I above, and B . Carroll Reece (R-Tenn.) were
central figures in a heated exchange durin g
presiding : submit that the inconsistency of th e a House committee hearing which Reece
Hays : I will say this to (you) . . . that Liberal is traceable neither to unbridled headed.
we buy an English car . What I am get- laughter . I expected, and I am quit e
ting at is neatly and simply synthesize d serious, that the social significance o f
in just one magazine piece by on e the slogan, "Remember J . B . Matthews, "
author—Robert Maynard Hutchins , would far outweigh in history, the mili-
writing for Look magazine last spring . tary significance of the war-cry, "Re -
It was an orthodox reign-of-terror piece , member the Alamo . "
climaxed by the assertion that it was The mistake I made is obvious, an d
no longer safe to give money to Harvar d will probably strike most of my reader s
University. as childish . I had assumed that the Lib-
Now here is a man who at the age o f erals would recognize that they ha d
twenty-eight was appointed Dean of th e sinned ; and that having done so, the y
Yale Law School, and who by the tim e would repent and reform . How innocen t
he was thirty was recognized as suc h I was . For the most part, they do no t
an articulate and important critic o f know—to this day—the meaning of wha t
American education that he was handed they did . And the balance, those wh o
a whole university to experiment with , know, don't care . To say " Remembe r
which he did, for twenty years or so . H e J . B . Matthews!" to a Liberal audience
ripped the curriculum to pieces ; he communicates about as much as " Di g
swept away academic cobwebs ; he insti- that crazy mixed-up square" would to a
tuted new courses, wiped out others ; he group of Oxford dons .
—Wide World Phot o
brought in new professors and fired Robert M . Hutchins A final word about the Liberal an d
football coaches, and resurrected grea t objective evidence . The research of the
books ; and throughout it all he swor e past ten years has made it literally im-
by all the gods that he meant to do on e mediately of the J . B . Matthews episode . possible to uphold, rationally, the posi-
thing : He meant to educate . He mean t In an article of a series which de - tion that an attack by the Japanese, i n
to teach his students how to think . scribed the Communist penetration o f one form or another, came in 1941 as a
And thirty years later, while still up - our institutions, Mr. Matthews came, i n complete surprise to President Roosevel t
holding his educational theories agains t due course, to our churches . And he and his close associates . But no evidenc e
all corners, he writes this kind of fool- began his article on them by making a —of any kind—will alter the Libera l
ishness about the world we live in . purely statistical observation which h e version of Pearl Harbor. Neither clef t
Knowing of his respect for Plato, I backed up in the body of the article itself mountains, separated seas, nor signs i n
wonder if Plato's dictum that the edu- by listing the names of many of th e the sky testifying to the truth will shak e
cated man is one who can "see things a s unfortunate clergymen who had assoc- the Liberals' faith in Mr . Roosevelt a s
they are" doesn't make him fidgety . O r iated themselves, for the most part dur- a " first principle. " or their belief in hi s
whether, given his respect for Descartes , ing a period of moral and irtellectua l infallibility and omniscience as it s
who said, I think therefore I am, Mr . blackout, with one or more Communis t corollaries . Not even a Liberal himself ,
Hutchins can even be sure he exists . enterprises. not even an illustrious-one, can do any -
After finishing that article in Look, bear- The article in question was written fo r thing about this intellectual commit-
ing in mind Mr . Hutchins' pretensions, I a conservative magazine, thus quite a ment . Charles Beard tried it, and the y
could imagine anything—could imagin e while elapsed before anyone read it . Bu t hounded hind out of public life . Wha t
Lucky Luciano writing a book about then someone did, and there was hell t o goes on, I asked a shrewd man, afte r
how to live one's life at peace with one' s pay for this assault on Christianit y reading a bitter excoriation of Beard
God and one's neighbor, or a 250-poun d which, incredibly, is what it grew to b e by one of the court historians over a t
lady lecturing on her patented formul a after the Liberals were through with it . Columbia University in 1947 . "It's a s
for keeping thin . Surely to bring i n A senator of the United States said, pub- simple as this," he told me, "The great-
Mr. Hutchins to head a university whic h licly, "When someone makes charges s o est historian of our time has tackled th e
proposes to teach students how to thin k foul, he ought to have the courage t o greatest politician of our time . There' s
is like bringing in as chief pilot fo r name names ." Our Liberal leaders fel l no doubt about who is going to win . "
Pan American Airways a man with St . all over each other making public pro- To sum up . When the Liberal thinks ,
Vitus ' dance . tests, and demanding J . B . Matthews ' he tends to think illogically . He tends ,
I exaggerate, you feel . I oversimplify . scalp . Inevitably, it was delivered unt o moreover, to he inconsistent, and t o
But I don 't. I maintain that there isn' t them . Only then did the Liberals feel ignore any evidence that fails to har-
a dialectical magician in this country-- that the crisis was past, that they coul d monize with the verdict he proposes a t
or even one in England—who can prov e go back and preach about how ye shal l all cost to support.
I am wrong in concluding that the ma n know the truth, and the truth shall mak e Such are the qualifications of our in-
who points to that ceiling and says "Tha t you free . tellectual elite .
is a cumulus cloud" is blind ; and I sa y The afternoon that I heard that J .
that the man who reports that there is B . Matthews was fired—without a hear- THE "ARMCHAIR" LIBERA L
a reign of terror on in this country can - ing, without any specific challenge t o Another fundamental charcteristic o f
not assess evidence, cannot, for all in - any of the data on the basis of which h e the Liberal mind, related to and perhap s
tents and purposes, think ; and that's made his generalization—that afternoo n responsible for some of its inconsist-
the shoe that fits Robert Hutchins, wh o I felt the Liberals were through . The encies, is intolerance . The storied Lib-
has been given fifteen million dollars by meaning of the J . B . Matthews episod e eral who reposes in his armchair an d
the Ford Foundation to prove that wa r would suddenly dawn upon the com- reviews, conscientiously, kindly . un-
is peace, slavery is freedom, hysteria i s munity, and never again, no never, no t grudgingly, the parade of ideas tha t
sanity. even at college commencements, coul d differ from his own, bears very littl e
any of these people talk about—how resemblance to the dogmatic, trigger-
PUBLIC PROTESTS DEMANDED A SCAL P does it go? "We shall seek the truth an d happy Liberal of today . The Liberal to -
One or two other illustrations of th e endure the consequences?" —or abou t day makes of intolerance a way of life .
incapacity of the Liberal to assess evi- the presumption of innocence, or abou t Having prescribed the limits withi n
dence, and I must move on to other char- a fair hearing, or about hysteria—with- which political discussion may safely g o
acteristics of his mind . One thinks im- out sending the audience into gales of forward, he enforces those limits by
ruthless and unscrupulous persecutio n and urbane exteriors that these worldl y J . William Fulbright, the loftiest Libera l
of noncomformity . men exhibit in public and in private in the Senate, the idol of the Liberal
Certain ideas, the Liberal seems to b e there are storms raging that rock an y community, who through a vast progra m
saying, cannot reasonably or morally b e attempt at seasoned and calm and open - of international scholarships has struc k
held by men who live in the twentiet h minded thought in any area in whic h mighty blows in behalf of World Under -
century . No one. for example, may hold they are deeply committed . standing and Tolerance . It's the Rober t
that a federal system of social security Let me quote from the Congressional Hutchins story all over again . Get your -
is unwarranted or unwise. No one may Record of May 14 of last year . A Sena- self educated so you'll learn to kno w
question the value of a progressive in - tor got up and addressed the chair as we ' re living under a reign of terror . Ge t
come tax either as an instrument o f follows : " Mr . President," he said, " I yourself educated so that when you gro w
money-raising, or as a social equalizer . wish, for the record, to correct a li e up you ' ll be tolerant like Senator Ful-
No one can oppose a Federal Fair Em- printed in the Washington Post of thi s bright and know enough to recogniz e
ployment Practices Act ; no one can morning . The lie is carried in th e a pathological and perverted liar lik e
question the right of labor unions t o column of the unsavory characte r George Sokolsky when you see one .
bargain on an industry-wide basis ; and called" —but let's not identify the col- Note, too, Senator Fulbright's call fo r
no one, without losing his chastity, ma y umnist at this moment . (a) an investigation of George Sokolsk y
inquire into the validity of the institu- (how ironic from a man who has, i n
tion known as "academic freedom ." The Senator then went on to quote effect, so diligently opposed investiga-
These are just a few of the taboos, o f the statement to which he objected— a tions of men and groups which, som e
course- and they are mentioned only statement which spoke of a political alli- people think, pose rather a greater threa t
ance in the Senator's home state . Sai d
for illustration . than does George Sokolsky') ; and not e
the Senator : "The writer, of course.
Largely . I suppose, because by th e how Senator Fulbright is (b) callin g
knew when he wrote this falsehood tha t on the Washington Post to drop George
time his mind has developed it is con- it was false, for he originated it . . . I
ditioned to overlook evidence which sup - Sokolsky's column from its pages . Fo r
should like to suggest to the Washingto n years the Post has run the outpouring s
ports conclusions different from his own , Post that it should not permit its pages
the Liberal fights hard and wantonl y of a man who indeed is—and can b e
to be used for the continuing dissemi- demonstrated to be—a practiced liar . I
against those who hold such views . And nation of lies manufactured by this man .
the weapons he feels entitled to use, i n mean Drew Pearson, of course . Bu t
Furthermore, I think it owes it to it s Drew Pearson generally lies in behal f
behalf of Liberalism, are those whos e readers to make a thorough investiga-
use by others shocks and enrages him . A of Liberals, and against conservatives ;
tion of the past record of this man an d he doesn't, therefore, excite the opposi-
few weeks ago I saw a copy of the fol- to publish it, so that all who are sub-
lowing letter, which I quote in its en- tion of Senator Fulbright . But George
jected to his propaganda may know th e Sokolsky does—because he is a con-
tirety : character and reliability of its source . , . servative, and because some of his view s
Dear Ken : it is impossible" to discover the trut h
I thought I wrote you once before ask - fall outside the limits of tolerable opin-
ing you to take me off the mailing lis t "when the pages of the press are per- ion . That, and only that—nothing mor e
of your disgusting communication . It does meated with deliberate lies . " —can explain the character of thi s
not give me any pleasure to find in my frenzied outbreak of the former presi-
mail a copy of a letter to Senator Jen - Well, well . Who do you suppose thi s
ner, who is so obviously disloyal to every- columnist is? This brazen liar, this un- dent of the University of Arkansas .
thing that America stands for, and a letter, scrupulous troublemaker? Several name s
moreover, which so clearly indicates th e A CHOICE EXERCISE IN BOOK BURNIN G
come to mind . Was it Ilya Ehrenburg o r
same kind of disloyalty in its writer. As revealing an illustration as any I
Sincerely , Gerald L . K . Smith? It wasn't, of
JOSEPH ALSO P course ; it wasn't Drew Pearson, either. know of the determination of the Libera l
It was George Sokolsky—perhaps the to translate his intolerance into bindin g
Notice that Senator Jenner is no t
most sober, and reliable, and certainl y social rules which would have the effect
" mistaken, " he is not " stupid, " he is no t of reading out of the community al l
"ignorant ." he is "disloyal ." More dis- the most courteous political columnist i n
the United States today . And who d o dissent from the Liberal position—is
loyal than John Carter Vincent, Joh n
you suppose made such a savage attack contained in a recent column in the Ne w
Paton Davies, John Stewart Service , York Herald Tribune by radio and TV -
J . Robert Oppenheimer, and heave n on Sokolsky? It was none other tha n
man John Crosby.
only knows how many security risk s
Alsop has written tear-drenched an d One day last May he devoted hi s
venomous columns in defense of . column to the television program ,
Author Meets the Critics . He started ou t
Let me put it this way . I don ' t thin k by denouncing Admiral Theobald, whos e
either John Carter Vincent or Willia m book, The Final Secret of Pearl Harbor,
E . Jenner ought to be spoken of as dis- had been discussed on that program th e
loyal even in the diluted sense in whic h night before . Admiral Theohald' s
(let us by all means assume) Alsop wa s charges were—I quote Crosby—"fan-
using that word in his nasty letter to hi s tastic ." "The Pearl Harbor attack ha s
cousin (Ken ' s his cousin) . And I kno w been the object of eight separate in-
that Mr . Alsop agrees with me, for h e vestigations," said Mr . Crosby, "whic h
has often . over the years . expressed hi s produced literally tons of testimony .
contempt and anger for those who us e evidence and opinion . There are no ne w
that word lightly . What I should like to facts in the Theobald book—how could
know is why he feels free to refer t o there be— " (you see here a first-rat e
Senator Jenner as disloyal? But we wil l illustration of what I mean when I sa y
never know . We will never know, I fear, that the Liberal postulates the correct-
what it is that makes Liberals that way ; ness of his position and then—at thi s
but we must know that they are that point quite logically—goes on to deduc e
way ; we must know that the hatred that that all factual data, known or unknown ,
they feel for anyone who disagrees with must by definition support his posi-
them twists their minds and poison s —Wide World Phot o tion) ; there are no new facts, there ar e
their hearts, and that beneath the suave J. B . Matthews " only new and, according to all reliable
Liberal-controlled foundations has in th e ance of the two-party system .
past and, predictably, will in the futur e I first caught on to the Liberal politi-
be used in pursuit of Liberal goals, an d cal game many years, I am certain, afte r
that these goals are definable . most of you did . It happened to m e
Suppose I were to set up a foundation , rather suddenly, in the spring of 1950 ,
and that I named as president of tha t after reading an article in the New York
foundation John T . Flynn, as secretar y Times Magazine called "The Need fo r
George Sokolsky, as treasurer Fulto n an Intelligent Opposition . " The articl e
Lewis, Jr ., and as corresponding secre- was written by Arthur Schlesinger, Jr .
—Wide World Photo s tary Westbrook Pegler . Suppose some - He was reading not only the Republica n
George Sokolsky (left) and Sen . J . one referred to my foundation a s party and its leaders, but all conserva-
William Fulbright. conservative . If I objected to this de- tives as well, a little lecture, the gis t
historians, absolutely unwarranted con- scription, wouldn't I be considered a of which was this : We Liberals, said
clusions as to the motives of the Presi- lunatic? "Of course that's a conservative Schlesinger, think it's important for yo u
dent of the United States ." Note, again , foundation, " all reasonable men woul d conservatives to be around . It gets stag-
" according to all reliable historians . " agree . And since dollars don't spen d nant otherwise ; it keeps us on our toes
If this means anything, it means, ver y themselves, checks don't write themselve s to have to cope with you . We' re all fo r
simply, that no one who differs from th e out, and grants are not made to thos e you .
Liberals—from Mr . Crosby if you like — who pick the winner of the Irish Sweep - There's only one thing, though, h e
is reliable . It means literally nothin g stakes, somebody will have to spen d added . And that is, you must be in-
else, because surely there are no othe r those dollars, somebody will have t o telligent . Otherwise you're of no use t o
grounds for calling, say, Charles Tan - write out those checks, and somebody us, to yourselves, or to anyone .
sill, Harry Elmer Barnes, or Charle s will have to select the recipients of tha t Mr . Schlesinger then proceeded to tel l
Beard "unreliable" historians . grant . And that somebody will bring hi s us how to be intelligent . What i t
And then Mr . Crosby came to th e values along when he makes these deci- amounted to, was for us to desert ou r
heart of the matter . He certainly wasn't sions, and, inevitably, the foundatio n principles and embrace his . At tha t
going to waste one whole column simpl y will take on the political and philoso- point we would qualify as an "intelligen t
denouncing Admiral Theobald . Tha t phical flavor of the men who run it . opposition ."
would be just destructive criticism . Now I maintain that all reasonabl e A few months later Mr . Herber t
Crosby wanted to be constructive . H e men must by the same token agree that Agar, writing in Harper' s Magazine,
wanted to see to it that Admiral Theo - any organization whose central figure s came through with an article on almos t
bolds didn't happen again . So he comes are Robert Hutchins, Paul Hoffman , precisely the same question, and sug-
out and says it—"But what is such a Clifford Case, and Elmer Davis is a s gesting exactly the same road for con-
book doing on Author Meets the Critic s demonstrably Liberal as my hypothetica l servative salvation .
? The program is on the air onl y foundation would be, demonstrably, con- Now one would think that Mr .
once a week and consequently it ca n servative . It follows that all those wh o Schlesinger and Mr . Agar, and thei r
take on, at most, only fifty-two book s refuse to acknowledge this are un- disingenuous crusade for a renaissanc e
a year . . . . reasonable men as, indeed, I have bee n of conservatism, would have been laugh-
"You would think that Author Meets contending, Liberals by and large are . ed off by our intelligent conservatives .
the Critics would tackle only those books But not only do the Liberals refuse t o Far from it . Perhaps there weren ' t
which a consensus of the critics agree d concede any such thing about any o f enough intelligent conservatives who
were the best to come along . . . " these foundations, they viciously an d saw through this thinly disguised appeal
A consensus of the critics . Reliabl e ruthlessly harass and boycott any foun- for a two-party, one-platform political
critics, that is . Liberals . dation that devotes as much as half system . Either that, or there wer e
Not only has Mr . Crosby in just s o of its time to presenting the conservativ e enough intelligent men who saw throug h
many words completed one of th e view . This, basically, is at the heart o f it, but they were not conservative . I n
choicest exercises in contemporary boo k Liberal opposition to Facts Forum . Facts any case, it is a matter of fact that th e
burning, he probably doesn ' t, to thi s Forum, which is staffed to a recogniz- Liberals now control both the Demo-
day, know, and I doubt if he will kno w able degree by conservatives, neverthe- cratic and the Republican parties, an d
it on the day he dies, he doesn't kno w less devotes half of its resources to put- mean to continue to do so, as, presum-
what he did . Because, for the most part , ting forward the Liberal view . But the ably, they mean also to continue to op -
the Liberals know not what they do . other half of the time it presents th e pose each other " intelligently" on such
Let me give a final illustration of thi s conservative view—and this is not per- questions as whether we ought to giv e
sort of thing . Everybody has been doin g missible, as any Liberal will tell you, i n away six billion dollars or only five an d
rather a lot of talking lately about th e his sleep . one-half billion, or whether federal so-
great foundations, due largely to th e This intolerance takes on, inevitably , cial security ought to cover fifty millio n
filing of the report of Carroll Reece 's in- a most serious shape . It becomes, as people or only forty-eight million, o r
vestigating committee . we have seen, the agent of book burning , whether the minimum wage ought to b e
It has been proved that there has been of the suppression of free speech an d one dollar or eighty-five cents .
a measure of Communist infiltration o f research . It becomes also the agent o f The clearest exhibition I have seen —
the foundations, true, but very little o f political authoritarianism . I have often and at that one written by a right-win g
it . as the Reece report indicates. Wha t followed the lead of Mr . Eugene Lyon s Liberal—of the Liberal-political though t
there has been, demonstrably, is whole - in using the descriptive adjectiv e process appeared in the New York
sale infiltration of the foundations b y totalitarian immediately in front of th e Times in an article by Mr . Arthu r
American Liberals, so much of it that, i t word Liberal, and I was not just name - Krock in September, 1952, in th e
is fair to say, the Liberals today domi- calling . I have meant that the Liberal middle of the presidential election cam -
nate the major foundations in America . movement has totalitarian tendencies , paign . The night before, in Portland ,
Now for some reason, a statement a s and I mean it now when I contend tha t Oregon, Adlai Stevenson had made a
straightforward as the one I have jus t the Liberal is basically undemocratic . H e speech in which he chided editors an d
made outrages the Liberals . Particularl y is basically against coexistence—with columnists throughout the country fo r
if one goes on from here to point ou t anyone on his right . And the triumph o f committing themselves to supportin g
that much of the money spent by these his intolerance is the virtual disappear . (Continued on Page 60)
The Liberal Mind
advent to power . The motive for this i s
not hatred or punishment, but the col d
logic of the scientific necessity of thei r
program to artificially control the evolu- (Continued from Page 57)
tion of the human species . When the y
come for you to give you the treatment . Dwight Eisenhower " long before." sai d One attitude we night take, a highl y
with your family, of course . that they Stevenson, " they knew what this can- tempting one as a matter of fact, i s
have so graciously given to millions o n didate stood for, or what his party plat- suggested by the answer made by a
the face of the earth . you can comfort form would he. or who his opponen t middle western farmer to an insuranc e
yourself with the thought that you ' r e was, or what would be the issues o f man investigating a train wreck . Th e
dying in the interest of the scientifi c the campaign . " farmer was the sole witness, and he wa s
perfection of the human race . You may So Arthur Krock sat down to explai n asked to report exactly what he ha d
find that some comfort, but personall y a few realities to Mr . Adlai Stevenson . seen .
I find it none whatever . and he did this by reminding him o f "Well," he said, "I was plowing m y
Communism is the literal fulfillment the nine calculations made by the aver- field here when I saw the Twentiet h
of Psalm 14 . The fool that said in hi s age Liberal editor the previous spring . Century Limited, over there on m y
heart, "there is no God, " and emergin g L Last spring, it had become clear t o right, moving along toward New Yor k
from the tainted source of godlessnes s everyone that the Republican party woul d at about 80 miles an hour . Then I
nominate either Eisenhower or Taft . More -
and scientific materialism, the exter- over, it was clear that Taft opposed Tru- looked around and saw the Merchant s
minating avalanche of communism i s man 's foreign policy . Express going toward Chicago, at abou t
sweeping the earth . 2. On the other hand, it was clear tha t 75 miles an hour . Then all of a sud-
General Eisenhower went along with Tru- den I realized they were on the same
In the last analysis, communism orig- man's foreign policy .
inates in three things : (1) materialisti c 3. If Truman wanted to, he could ge t
track . "
philosophy ; (2) scientific technique ; himself nominated by the Democrati c "Well, what did you do about it, "
party . He might be facing Taft, the can-
and (3) religious fanatacism . It mus t didate of the Republican party . And, t o
the insurance agent said excitedly . "Di d
quote Mr . Krock, `signs were numerous you try to flag one of them down, or to
that in a Taft-Truman contest the Sena - get the attention of the engineers in an y
tor would have an excellent chance o f way? What' did you do! "
"Communism does not arise wher e election .'
there is poverty . Communism arises ou t 4. I quote ` To those who . . . believe d "I didn't do anything," said the
of a disease of modern capitalist society , (in Truman 's foreign policy) the prospec t farmer, "I just sat there and though t
particularly in the intelligentsia . . . . Th e of Taft as President was calamitous : an d to myself, this is a hell of a way to ru n
Communists are always concerned wit h obviously the first and effective means o f
winning over the intellectuals, th e preventing this was the nomination o f
a railroad! "
opinion makers of society . Why is it so Eisenhower, the only other Republican In twenty years we have fought tw o
important to win over these people, eve n who had a chance to be chosen by th e wars and, in the larger sense, lost the m
more important than to win over th e party convention .'
trade unionists? . . .In a country lik e 5. But `newspapers and individuals wh o both . As the direct result of our foreig n
ours, where it is impossible, given th e held this opinion would hove had smal l policy we now face, at point blan k
social structure, to have a mass Commu- influence with the Republican Nationa l range, the most formidable enemy civil-
nist movement, the intellectual become s Convention unless they indicated the y ization has ever faced . In the meantim e
extremely important as a means o f were prepared to back Eisenhower in th e
spreading the party line . . . . What i t campaign if nominated .' a revolution has taken place in th e
comes down to is the need to set up echo 6. Other Democratic contenders wer e United States . We are losing our free-
chambers around the country, so tha t also weak, and, (7), Stevenson was say- dom ; we are trading it, recklessly, fo r
certain notions can enter general cur- ing he was not a contender for the nomi-
an illusory security in behalf of whic h
rency. " nation .
—Daniel Bell in Jewish Labor Com- Therefore, (8), ` To those newspaper s we continue, wantonly, to turn over t o
mittee Outlook (Autumn 1954) . and citizens that wanted ' Truman 's for- the central government year in and yea r
Quoted from J . B . Matthews i n eign policy to he championed . . .th e out more and more of the power with -
American Mercury, June 1955, plain procedure was to attempt to assure
this at the Republican convention (whic h out which we cannot long remain free .
p . 81 .
came first) through the nomination of Perhaps it is true that, as Whittake r
Eisenhower .' Chambers wrote me recently, " it is idl e
And furthermore, (9), Stevenson ough t
to know this, as he too, surely, agrees to talk about preventing the wreck o f
be met in all phases of . its advance . T o that it would have been calamitous i f Western civilization . It is already a
meet it there is necessary, firstly, a vas t Taft had got in . wreck from within . That is why we ca n
educational campaign of the very nature This, in microcosm, is the Libera l hope to do little more now than snatch a
and being of this deadly and malignan t primer on how to get your way n o fingernail of a saint from the rac k
enemy, that a real understanding of the matter who wins . It's the political wa y or a handful of ashes from the faggots ,
danger may penetrate the consciousness . of saying, heads I win, tails you lose . and bury them secretly in a flowerpo t
not of the isolated few, hut of the grea t It is also a primer on how to end the against . the day, ages hence, when a fe w
majority of the freedom-loving peopl e two-party system in America . It is curi- men begin again to dare to believe tha t
whose very existence is so desperatel y ous how much more successful the Lib- there was once something else, tha t
threatened . Out of this understanding . erals have been in their struggle agains t something else is thinkable, and nee d
a scientific program, not merely to con- conservatives than in their struggle some evidence of what it was, and th e
tain, but to defeat this enemy must h e against Communists . fortifying knowledge that there wer e
formed . If what I say about the Liberal min d those who, at the great nightfall, too k
And, lastly, any such program is is true, what is in store for us? We kno w loving thought to preserve the tokens
doomed to failure unless it rests upo n that politically the Liberals are to o of hope and truth ." It's a hell of a
a devoted people, dedicated to th e powerful for us to unseat, or at leas t way to run a country, all right . Bu t
spiritual values of our Christian civiliza- I think they are . It follows that th e perhaps we will gain strength fro m
tion . Faith can only be matched by Liberals will continue to preside ove r adversity ; perhaps the knowledge o f
faith, passion by passion . and sacrific e our war against communism . here an d what we are responsible for will som e
by sacrifice . And communism present s abroad . And, on the other hand, w e day confront us, and frighten us . an d
a challenge to intelligent sacrificial de- know there is no chance whatever o f reform us and make us wise ; perhaps .
votion as the very cornerstone of libert y changing the character of communism ; even . God will take pity on us . Let us
and survival . so what is there left for us to do? hope so .