Colegio de Montalban

Kasiglahan Village San Jose, Rodriguez, Rizal

PHYSICAL EDUCATION DEPARTMENT

P. E. 2 (RHYTHMIC ACTIVITIES)

OBJECTIVES:
Identify the fundamentals of folk dance
 Dance Terms
 Dance Steps
 Historical and Sociological Context

Part I - Content Update

A. Basic Concept of Folk Dance

 Folk dancing is the oldest form of dance probably one of the earliest forms of communication. It is this
self – expression that separates folk dancing from the functional aspects of game and gymnastics in the
physical education program.
 Dance is the expression of oneself through rhythmic movement. Folk dance, which is also the expression
of oneself, is an expression through patterned movements. It is this patterning that traditionally
separates folk dance forms from other dance forms. It is probably this characteristic of folk dance that
has turned many youngsters off to dance – their inability to perform a set of patterned movements.
 Folk dance may be defined as the traditional dance of a given country which evolved naturally and
spontaneously with everyday activities, e.g. occupations, customs, festivals, rituals, and innumerable
themes common to all people everywhere. Genuine folk dances are handed down from generation to
generation and are danced by everyday folk of all ages. There are more or less fixed in their pattern, but
may differ in various areas of provinces.

B. PHILIPPINE FOLK AND ETHNIC DANCES

FIVE MAJOR CLASSIFICATIONS OF PHILLIPPINE FOLK DANCES

The Dances of the Cordillera Groups

 The ethnic dances in the Philippines are found in the different regions from the northern part to southern part
of the country. The Cordillera groups composed of the Bontocs, Ifugao, Benguet, Apayao, Kalinga, Itneg, Ilonggot
and Gaddang (BIBAKIIG) has its own unique customs and traditions reflected in their dance.
 Most of the dances are reflections of daily living.
 They used metal gongs called ganza and other percussive instruments to accompany their dances during rituals,
festivities and other social gatherings.

Example of Dances among the Cordillera Groups

Ethnolinguistic Group Title of Dance Dance Description

 Bontoc 1. Pattong - A war dance depicting a mockfight of two

warriors
2. Balangbang
- A victory dance performed afterhead hunting.
3. Takik /
dongadong - A courtship and wedding dance.

4. Palakis - A courtship dance from westernbontoc usually

performed at weddingcelebrations and during
festivals like thecanao and begnas.
  Ifugao 1. Talip - A courtship dance of the Ifugaos, where a
manlures a women with a blanket to be
placedon the women’s shoulder.
2. Intaneg - A wedding dance among the Ifugao.

3. Bumayah - A festival dance among the Ifugao for

thanksgiving in their Gods.
4. Monghimong - A festival dance among the Ifugaos where men
turn up in a mass at the burial of a murdered
5. Dinuya tribal member.
- A festival from Lagawe, Ifugao performed by
men and women during major feast.

 Benguet 1. Bendean - A festival and victory dance

2. Tarektek - A court dance where two female tarektek

(woodpeckers) try to get the attention of the
male tarektek by brandishing their blankets over
each other to show their affections.

3. Chumnu - A female dance performed during celebrations

of tribal victory and bountiful harvest.

 Apayao 1. Turayen - An Apayao dance initiating the high flying bird.

2. Say - Yam - A major feast held to celebrate the taking of a

head of an enemy.

 Kalinga 1. Pattong - A dance of revenge vowed for the death of the

slain warrior.
2. Salip - A courtship dance where the rooster – like males
swoops around the maiden.
3. Ragnagsakan - A work – dance of Kalinga women where they
carry basket on their heads.
4. Takiling - A victory dance after successful head hunting.
5. Tadjok - Kalinga’s most famous village dance.
6. Idaw - A mock battle dance ensues between two tribes.
7. Lumagen - A dance performed at Kalinga festival to
celebrate thanksgiving.
8. Patok - A festival dance performed by Kalingas in any
social gathering.

 Itneg 1. Idudu - a dance where the men full their babies to sleep
while the women till the fields and process the
harvest.

 Gaddang 1. Bumbuwak - In this dance, the gaddang imitate the birds

attracted to the tobacco trees.

Western Influenced Dances

When the Spaniards came to the Philippines in the 18 th century, they brought with them the Spanish religion and
European arts and culture. The native religion and culture slowly gave way to Christianity and Western civilization. The
native started to lose most of their ancient traditions in the literary, visual and performing arts. In no time, dances from
Spain, France and other European countries, such as the jota, balse, pandanggo, habanera, escotis, mazurka, paseo,
marcha and pasodoble, where adopted and adapted to the tastes and needs of a colonial society and the conditions of a
tropical archipelago.
Examples of Dances with Western Influenced
Types of Dance Title of Dance Dance Description

 Quadrille 1. Rigodon Honor - A quadrille dance commonly performed in

Dances formal gatherings in a quadrille formation.
2. Lanceros de Tayabas - A quadrille dance from Tayabas Quezon
performed by old folks during the early days.
- A quadrille form of dance of the Americans, the
3. Birginia “Virginia Reel” inspired the Cagayanos to
develop a Filipino version called Birginia.
- A quadrille dance from Sta. Rosa, Laguna.

4. Pasakat - A quadrille dance from Tarlac.

5. Los Bailes de Ayer or

Maharlika - A version of lanceros from Pangasinan.

6. Lanceros de Lingayen - A dance from Silay, Negros Occidental which

was not in quadrille formation but in linear.
7. Lanceros de Negros

 Jota 1. La Jota Mocadeña - A festive dance from Moncada, Tarlac which

was originally danced during funeral procession
in the early times.
2. Jota Gumaqueña - A jota version from Gumaca, Quezon.
3. Jota Cabangan - A courtship dance from Zambales.
4. Jota Cagayana - A lovely dance which is an adaptation from the
Spanish Jota performed by the early Spanish
settlers in Cagayan valley.
5. Jota de Manila - Manila’s version of the famous jota with its
typical Spanish stampas, cobrados, and clicking
of bamboo castanets bearing Hispanic culture.
- A version of the Jota which bears Spanish
6. Jota de Paragua stampas and cobrados from piragua the old
name of Palawan.
- A Jota version from Bicol region performed
7. Jota Bicolana during social gathering.
- A jota version from Batangas popular during the
8. Jota Rizal time of Dr. Jose Rizal.
- A festival dance originated in Camohaguin,
9. Jotabal Gumaca, Quezon which derived from the word
Jota and Balse.
 Pandanggo 1. PandanggoRinconada - A festival dance from the province of Bicol
depicting the happy and contented life of the
people.

1. PandanggosaIlaw - A dance from Mindoro using tinghoy or oil

lamps placed on the top of the head and one of
each hand.
2. PandanggosaSambalilo - A pandanggo dance from CamilingTarlac.
3. PandanggoIvatan - A wedding dance from Batanes.
4. Pandang – pandang - is an exciting and extraordinary wedding dance
from Antique.
Balse 1. ValseVieja - a festival dance from Pangasinan meaning old
waltz.
2. ValseYbanag - A dance from Camalaniugan, Cagayan meaning
waltz of the Ybanag people.
3. Balse Marikina - A dance performed after the Lutrina, a religious
procession.
4. Cariñosa - The famous national dance of the Philippines
depicting the character of Filipina maiden’s
modesty and humility.
5. Sayaw Sta. Isabel - A dance performed during thanksgiving feasts
after a good harvest, during balaihan, wedding
and religious occasions.

Habanera 1. Habanera Narcisena - a habanera named after San Narciso town in

Zambales.
2. Habanera Botolena - A dance which was supposedly performed in the
earlier days in honor of departing priest. Later
on it became a dance performed during social
gatherings in BotolanZambales.
- A dance performed by betrothed couple during
3. Habanera de Soltera one of the ceremonies before the wedding.
- From the word “haba” in habanera and “sinan”
from Pangasinan is a courtship dance.
4. Habasinan
Mazurka 1. Mazurka de Cuyo - A social dance in Cuyo Island, and early Spanish
settlement in Palawan.
2. Mazurka de Jagna - A mazurka named after Jagna town.
3. Mazurka Mindoreña - A premier dance of the elite in Mindoro, and
don Antonio Luna, who consider best dancer his
time popularized it.
4. Mazurka Boholana - A tradition dance from Bohol which was
originally performed by couples informally
gathered in the ballroom with no definite
sequence steps.
5. Mazurka Val - A combination of two dances, mazurka and
balse, where in one of the figures the skill of
coordination of movement of both dancers
while the boy carries the girl on his feet while
dancing.

Polka 1. Polkabal - A dance which acquired its named from two

well – known steps polka and valse, corrupted
into one word as polkabal, by the people of
Atimonan Quezon.
2. Polka Tagala - A dance from Bataan,where one of the
figures,the ladies pick their voluminous skirts
forward and backward to show – off their
beautiful lace petticoats.
3. Maliket – A – Polka - A dance from Pangasinan which means happy
polka.
4. Sileleddaang - A dance which means laden with sorrow in
Ilocos Norte.
5. Polka saNayon - A polka dance version from Batangas.
6. Polka Sala - A polka dance version from Mindoro.
Dance of the Muslim Group
- Down in the southern part of the country are the muslim groups. The ethnic groups are the Maranao,
Maguindanao, tausug ,Yakan, Samal, Java Mapun and Badjao.
- The dances performed by these groups describe the everyday living of the people.
- Common to their dances are the use of fingers to express feelings and emotions.
- Some believe that muslim dances are influence by Malay and Indonesian due to its geographical setting.

Example of Muslim Dances

Maranao 1. Singkil - A Maranao dance derived from the sounds of

the bell anklets worn by the Princess as she
leaps in and out of the criss – crossed bamboo
poles.
2. Kakulangan - Maranao women walk nobly with their
distinctive movements particularly their
graceful sway.
3. Pig – apir - A fan dance of Maranao maidens showcasing
their simplicity and character.
4. Sagayan - A warrior dance that depicts the hero –
warrior prince Bantugan’s preparation for the
war, the actual combat and the victory.
5. Karatong - A dance in memory of Bantugan’s fighting wvil
spirits whom he can hear but can’t see.
6. Kappa - Also called SambisaMalong, this Maranao
MalongMalong dance shows the many ways of donning the
malong, a tabular circle of cloth used as skirt,
shawl or mantle.
7. KapiilsaMunsala - A handkerchief dance from Lanao commonly
performed by girls.
Maguindanao 1. Asik - A doll dance for girls
Badjao 1. Tauti - a dance of fishing scenario.
Yakan 1. Paunjalay - A pre – nuptial dance of the Yakan tribe of
Basilan performed by the bride.
2. Pindulas - A dance depicting the movements of fish at it
wade in the water.
Tausug 1. Pangaalay ha - A dance imitating the graceful movement of
Patong the swift vinta as well as of the birds and fish
of the Tausug world.
2. Janggay - A Tausug female dance using extended
fingernails.
3. Sua – ku – Sua - A dance from Jolo Sulu with an influence of
Chinese movements meaning “my pomelo
tree.”
Samal 1. Maglanka - A Samal dance class of girls and women. This
dance depicts the training of Samal girls and
women of the languid and flexible movements
of the arms which signifies good breeding.

Dance of the Tribal/Ethnic or Lesser Known Groups

- Also known as the lesser – known – groups living in the different locations in the country that are untouched
and never been influenced by the westerners.
- These are tribal groups are the Bukidnons, Bagobo, Manobo, Tiboli or Tagabili,Tagbanua, Mansaka,
Mandaya, B’laan, Tagakaolo and Tiruray.
- These tribal group believe in “shamans” or spirits which primarily reflected in most of their dances.
Example of Ethnic/Tribal Dances
Group Title of Dance Dance Description
Bukidnons 1. Dugso - A dance by women commonly wearing a bell
anklets done during thanksgiving of driving away
of bad spirits.
2. Hinaklaran - A festival and ritual dance of three
KaamulanDatus, where chanting and dancing
around an altar.
Manobo 1. Binabua – bua - Fertility dance and courtship dance among the
and Pangaliyag Manobos.
2. Binanog - Version of a hawk dance.

3. Kinugsikkugsik - A dance imitating the movements of the squirrel.

Bagobo 1. Todak - A Bagobo dance of the rice planting and

harvesting cycle.
2. Baliti - A Bagobo dance representing the quivering of the
leave as of baliti tree.
Tiboli 1. Kadal Tajo - a mimic dance of the beautiful birds performed by
young T’boli girls.
2. KadalIwas - A dance imitating the movements of the monkey.
Tagbanua 1. Pagdiwata - A ceremonial rite performed bilug {full moon} for
the purpose of healing the sick, imploring or in
thanksgiving for a good and in bountiful harvest.
Mansaka 1. Gapakaungod - a wedding dance among the mansaka.
2. InamosaSayaw - A monkey dance for two.
Mandaya 1. Kinabua - A dance imitating the movements of the hawk.
Talaandig 1. Pig – Agawan - Young women of Talaandig tribe try to outdo each
other in attracting an eligible man with the use of
colorful scarves.
Higaonon 1. Binaylan – banog - A typical dance of Higaononsdepcting a mother
hen and her chicks being attacked by a ferocious
hawk, three hunters save the hen from the
clutches of the “banog” or hawk.
Subanon Sohten - An all made dance that dramatizes the strength
and stoic character of the Subanon male. The
Subanon warriors calls the attention of the
diwatas with the sound of leaves.

Dance of the Countryside

- Dances that typically characterize the nature and kind of work of the people.
- Commonly performed by ordinary group of the people depicting daily activities.
- Dances were light and more informal.
Some Examples of the Countryside Dances and its Description:
- Binasuan – a dance which requires a skill in balancing glasses of wine, on the top of the head and one of
each hand.
- Bulaklakan – a dance using arches festooned with flowers.
- Karatong – bamboo noisemakers played by Cuyunen men to accompany gaily dressed ladies in a boisterous
street parade.
- Maglalatik – a playful dance of young men beating coconut shells, reflective of a mock battle over the “latik”
or coconut residue.
- PandanggosaIlaw – a dance which requires a skill in balancing glasses of Tinghoy lamps, one of top of the
head and one of each hand.
- Oasiwas – a dance using a lighted glasses wrapped in scarves and swayed like beacons for the home coming
of the fisherman.
 - Pasikat sa Baso – a Pangasinan dances that requires skill in balancing glasses of wine on the head and hand
while on top of a bench.
- Salakot – a wide brimmed hat used to protect Filipinos from the heat and rain.

- Subli – a dance from the province of Batangas that reveals the reverence given by the performers to a
wooden cross.
- Tinikling – derived from the long - legged Philippine bird called “tikling” trapped from the bamboo poles.
- Bati –a dance performed during Eastern Sunday.
- Gayong – gayong – a game dance.
- Binislakan – which means sticks, is a Pangasinan dance that bears the Chinese influence.
- Pabirik – depicts the stage of gold panning.
- Kalapati – depicts the movement of doves.
- Inalisan- a lively festival dance fromNangalisan, Laoag, Ilocos Norte. Innalis means to transfer from one
place to another.
- Pantomina – a very popular wedding dance in the Bicol regions.
- Sinalampati – a dance from Tanjay, Negros Oriental which depicts the actions of mother doves ponding,
caressing, and feeding their young.
- Katsutsa – a very interesting courtship dance from San Pablo, Laguna.
- SayawedTapewnaBangko – a dance which means “dance of a Bench” a lively and skillful dance from the
barrio of Pangapisan, Lingayen, Pangasinan.
- Biniganbigat– a courtship dance from bengued, Abra portraying a story of a boy who is very much in love
with a girl.

CHARACTERISTICS OF PHILIPPINE FOLK DANCES

1. As rule, dances begin and end with a saludo. A saludo is a three - step – turn in place and a bow to either partner
or audience.
2. In general, dancers are far apart. A distance of about 6- 8 feet from each other is normal.
3. There is very little, if any, body contact although holding hands is common.
4. Most of the dances are done in pairs. Hand movements play a very important role.
5. Most of our dances are done in long formation.
6. Our dances are performed by both young and old and by both sexes.

CLASSIFICATION OF PHILIPPINE FOLK DANCES

1. Geography
1.1 National Dances – these are the traditional dances throughout the Philippines with a common basic
movement or pattern but with light variation. Example are: Cariñosa, Kuratsa, Balitaw, Rigodon, Pandanggo
and Surtido.
1.2 Local and Regional Dances – these are dances found in certain localities or regions only. Examples are:
Esperanza {NabuaCamarines Sur} Alcampor (leyte} Rogelia (La Union) Maglalatik (San Pablo, Quezon) and
Biniganbigat (Abra).
2. Nature
2.1 Occupational Dances – depicting action of certain occupation, industry or human labor. Examples: Planting,
Harvesting, Pounding, Winnowing, Pabirik, Mananguete , etc.
2.2 Religious or Ceremonial Dances – performed in connection with religious vows and ceremonies. Examples:
Dugsu, Sua – ku – sua, Putong, Sta Clara Pinong – pino.
2.3 Comic Dances – depicting funny movements for entertainment. Examples: Makonggo, Kinoton.
2.4 Game Dances – with play elements (dance mixers). Examples: Pabo, Sineñalan and Lubi – lubi.
2.5 Courtship Dances – depicting love making. Examples: Hele – hele, Bago Quire, Maramion, Tadek, Daling –
daling, Rogelia, Lulay.
2.6 Wedding Dances – performed during wedding feast. Examples: Pandang – pandang, Soriano, Pantomina.
2.7 Festival dances -suitable for special occasion or any social gathering. Examples: Kuratsa, La Jota, Pandanggo,
Surtido.
2.8 War Dances – showing imaginary combat or duel. Examples: Sagayan, Palu – palo.
3. Movements
3.1 Fast or Active – with fast energetic movement. Examples: Tinikling, Maglalatik, Polkabal, Sakuting, etc.
3.2 Moderate – Examples: Cariñosa, Tagala, Habanera, Purputi, etc.
3.3 Slow – Examples: Pasakat, Kundiman.
3.4 Slow and Fast – Examples: Putritos, Ba Ingles, Habanera Botolena, Alcampor.
4. Formation
4.1 Square or Quadrille – Examples: Rigodon, Los Bailes de Ayer etc.
 4.2 Long Formation – (two or more parallel lines) Examples: Lulay, Sakuting
4.3 Set – consisting two or more pairs as a unit, partners facing each other or standing side by side. Examples:
Binadyong, Haplik, Kakawati, etc.

SPECIAL CLASSIFICATION
1. Dances with Song – Examples: Abaruray, ManangBiday, Lulay, Rogelia, LawiswisKawayan, etc.
2. Old ballroom Dances – Examples: Polka, Mazurka, Choits, Valse, etc.
3. Dances with Implements – Examples: Maglalatik, Sakuting, Jota Mocadeña, Tinikling, Salakot.
4. Dances with Combined Rhythm – Examples: Surtido, Pantomina, Los Bailes de Ayer, etc.
COMMON DANCE TERMS
1. Arm in Lateral Position – both arms are at one side, either right or left at shoulder, chest or waist level.
2. Brush – weight on one foot, hit the floor with the ball or heel of the other foot, and lift that foot from the floor
to any direction.
3. Bilao – to turn palms of the hands up and down alternately, hands at waist level in front, elbows close to waist.
4. Cabeceras - the couples occupying the width of the hall when the dancers are in square formation (head
couple).
5. Clockwise – like the motion of the hand of the clock, R shoulder is towards the center of an imaginary circle.
6. Counterclockwise – the reverse direction of the clockwise. L shoulder toward the center. Movement is toward
right when facing center of the circle.
7. Costados – the couple occupying the length of the hall when dancers are in square formation (side pairs).
8. Crossed Arms – partners facing each other or standing side by side joined their L hand together and the R hand
together, either R over L or L over R.
9. Cut – to displace quickly one foot with another.
10. Do – si – Do (Dos - a – Dos) – Partners advance forward, pass each other’s Right (or Left) side, step across to the
right (or Left) move backwards without turning around, pass each other Left (or Right) side to proper places.
11. Free Foot – the foot not bearing the weight of the body.
12. Free Hand – the hands not placing anywhere or not doing anything.
13. Hayon –hayon – to place one forearm in front and the other at the back of the waist.
14. Hop – a spring from one foot landing on the same foot in place in any direction.
15. Inside foot – The foot nearer the partner when partners stand side by side.
16. Jaleo – Partners turn around clockwise (with R elbows almost touching) or counterclockwise (with L elbow
touching) using walking or any kinds of dance steps.
17. Jump – a spring on one foot or both feet landing on both feet in any direction.
18. Kumintang – moving the hand from the wrist either in clockwise or counterclockwise direction.
19. Leap – a spring from one foot, landing in the other foot in any direction.
20. Outside foot -the foot away from one’s partner when partners stand side by side.
21. Outside Hand – the hands away from one’s partner when partners stand side by side.
22. Place – to put foot to a certain position without putting weight on it, the sole of the foot rests on the floor.
23. Pivot – to turn with the ball, heel or whole foot, on fixed place or point.
24. Point – touch the floor lightly with the toes of one foot, weight of the body on the other foot.
25. Salok – Swinging the arm downward – upward passing in front of the body as if scooping; the trunk is bent
forward following the movement of the arm doing the salok.
26. Saludo – partners with feet together bow to each other, to the audience, opposite dancers or the neighbors.
27. Sarok – cross the R (or L) foot in front of the L (or R) bend the body slightly forward and cross the hands down in
front with the R (or L) hand over the L (or R).
28. Set – a dance formation like a square or a unit of formation composed of two or more pairs.
29. Slide – to glide foot smoothly along the floor.
30. Stamp – to bring the foot forcibly and noisily on the floor.
31. Step – to advance or recede by moving one foot to another resting place with a complete transfer of weight
from one foot to another.
32. Supporting foot – the foot that bears the weight of the body.
33. Tap – to rap slightly with the ball or toe of the free foot keeping weight of the body on the other foot. There is
no transfer of weight.
34. Whirl – to make fast turns by executing small steps in place, to right, or left.
 Regional Classification of Published Filipino Dance Terms
Region Dance Terms
Tagalog Bilao
Hapay
Jaleo
Panadyak
Salok
Visayan Hayon – Hayon
Sarok
Ilocano Patay
Kumintang
Ibanag Masiwak

COMMON DANCE STEPS

Dance Steps / Time Counting Step Pattern No. of
Signature Measures
Polka Series – 2/4
 Plain Polka 1&2& Step, close step (pause) 1
 Hop Polka Ah, 1 & 2 & Hop, step, close step pause 1
 Heel and Toe Polka 1, 2, & 2 & Heel – place, toe point; step, close step( pause) 2
 Slide Polka 1 & 2 &, 1 & 2 & Step, close step (pause) 2
Waltz Series – ¾
 Native waltz 1, 2, 3, Step close, step 1
 Waltz balance 1, 2, 3, Step, close and raise heels up, down 1
 Cross waltz 1, 2, 3, Cross step, close, step 1
Sway Balance Series – ¾
 With a point 1, 2, 3 1 2, 3 Step, cross - step / Step point 2
 With a waltz 1, 2 3 1 2 3 Step, cross - step / Step, close. step 2
 With a hop 1, 2 3 1 2 3 Step, cross - step / Step, raise, hop 2
 With a brush 1, 2 3 1 2, 3 Step, cross – step / Step, brush 2
 With a raise 1, 2 3 1 2, 3 Step, cross – step / Step raise 2
 With a close 1, 2 3 1 2, 3 Step, cross – step / Step close 2
 Double sway balance 1, 2 3 1 2, 3 1, 2 3 Step, cross – step / Step, close step, cross – step
1, 2, 3 / Step point / cross – step, step/point 4
 Bacui – 3/4 1,2 3 1, 2 3 1, 2 3 Cross – point step / Cross – step(rear) step / 4
1, 2, 3 Cross – step(front) Step / Close (pause)
 Bleking 2/ 4 or 12 Heel – place, close 1
3/4 1,2 3 Heel – place, close 1
 Change Step – 2/4 1&2 Step, Close, Step 1
 Cross Change Step – 1&2 Cross – step, close, step 1
2/4
 Contra – ganza – 2/4 1&2 Leap (sideward), cross – step, step 1
 Habanera – 2/4 12& Step, close, step 1
 Haplik - 2/4 12121&2121 Step, step, hop, hop, step, step, step(turning)
& 2 1 2 1 2 1, 2 hop, hop, step, step, step (turning) hop, hop, 8
step, step, close (pause)
 Kuradang – ¾ 1 & 2 3 1& 2 3 Step, close, step, cross – step, step, close, 2
Step,
 Mazurka – ¾ 123 Slide, cut, hop 1
 Mudansa – ¾ 1 2 3 (4X) R & L Step, heel – brush, heel – step(3X to the right)
 Alternately Repeat same to the left 16
123123 Step, close, step, step, close, step
1 2 3 1 2 3(turning) Step, close, step, step, close, step (turning)
 Redoba – 2/4 123 Slide, cut, cut 1
  Sagamantica 1 2, 3 1 2, 3 1 2, 3 Step, close, step, close, step, 4
1 Close, raise, heel – place
2, 3
Engano Series – ¾
 With a waltz 1, 2 3 1 2 3 Step, (sideward) cross, step, close, step 2
 With a close 1, 2 3 1 2, 3 Step, (sideward); step, close 2
 Paso Espanol – ¾ 123123 Step, close heels up, (forward) down; step,
123123 close, and heels up, down (backward); step, 4
brush – swing hop, step, brush – swing hop
 Papuri – ¾ 1, 2 3 1, 2, 3 1, 2 3 Step, cross – step, cross – point, 4
1, 2, 3 Step, cross – step, cross – step
 Sangig – ¾ 123 Step, close, circle in air 1
 Escotis – 4/4 1234 Step, close, step, hop 1