Design of Water and Wastewater treatment for

Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh

CLE 1006 Environmental Engineering
J component
Review -2

Name: Shahukari Chetan S. Parimala Renganayaki

Reg No: 19BEC0858 Associate Professor
B.Tech, Electronics and Communication Civil Engineering Dept.

Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT)

Vellore, Tamil Nadu
CONTENTS:
❑POPULATION DATA OF VISAKHAPATNAM
❑FUTURE POPULATION FOR DESIGN
PERIOD
❑Water Demand Calculation
❑Design of Screen
❑Design of Sedimentation Tank
❑Design of Sand Filtration
 POPULATION DATA OF VISAKHAPATNAM

YEAR POPULATION GROWTH

RATE
1999 1,290,000 2.54%
2009 1,658,000 2.54%
2019 2,125,000 2.36%
https://www.macrotrends.net/cities/21436/visakhapatnam/population
•The metro area population of Visakhapatnam in 1999 was 1,290,000, a 2.54% increase from 1998.
•The metro area population of Visakhapatnam in 2009 was 1,658,000, a 2.54% increase from 2008.
•The metro area population of Visakhapatnam in 2019 was 2,125,000, a 2.36% increase from 2018.

Hence VISAKAPATNAM is a old city, and the rate of change of population with time remains almost constant.
So ,we using Arithmetic increase method.
 FUTURE POPULATION FOR DESIGN PERIOD
YEAR POPULATION Arithmetic increase
method.

1999 1,290,000 -
2009 1,658,000 368000
2019 2,125,000 467000
Mean (x) = 835000
Population Forecast Calculation:-
We know that , Pn =[Po+nx] (Arithmetic increase method)
Po = 2,125,000
n( Design period) = 30 years= 3 Decades
x= 8,35,000
Therfore , Pn = [Po+nx]
P2049 =[ 2,125,000+3(8,35,000)]
P2049 = 46,30,000
Therefore the Future Population (after 30 year) for this design period is 46,30,000.
 Water Demand Calculation
Average daily demand = Per capita demand x Population
= 135× 46,30,000 (Because, Visakhapatnam is Urban Area and
old city)
= 625050000/1000
= 625050 m3/day

Maximum daily demand = 1.8 x average daily demand

= 1.8× 625050
= 11,25,090 m3/day
 Design of Screen
Screen is the first unit operation in Waste Water Treatment Plant. These devises
remove the coarse debris like rags, solids, dead animals, lumber, tree, branches, roots,
bushes, paper, plastics, and metals to prevent damage and clogging of down stream
equipment, piping, and appurtenances.
Screens we use are classified as:
1.Opening size
Coarse screen: 50-150 mm opening
Medium screen: 25-50 mm opening
Fine screen: less than 20 mm opening
2.Cleaning Operation
Manual cleaned
Mechanically cleaned
Coarse screen
➢ Coarse screens remove large solids, rags, and debris from
wastewater.
➢ Coarse screens have a clear openings ranging from 6 to 150
mm (0.25 t0 6 in). Coarse screen consist of parallel bars, rods
or wires, wire mesh or a perforated plates
with openings generally of circular or rectangular shapes.
➢ Used primarily as protective device and hence used as first
treatment unit.
Fine screen
➢ Fine screening is the second mechanical pre-treatment process
allowing finer separation than coarse screens of the solid waste
contained in the raw water.
➢ Filtration is carried out by a 6 mm to 0.25 mm opening using
perforated sheet or wedge wire mesh (also called johnson mesh)
➢ Typical opening sizes for fine screens are 1.5 to 6 mm (0.06 to
0.25 in). Very fine screens with openings of 0.2 to 1.5 mm (0.01
to 0.06 in) placed after coarse or fine screens can reduce
suspended solids to levels near those achieved by primary
clarification.
 Design of Sedimentation Tank
The basin in which the flow of water is retarded to settle down the impurities present in it.
This basin is called settling tank or sedimentation tank or clarifier.
DATA :-
Maximum daily demand = 11,25,090 m3/day
Specifications
• Detention time = 4 to 6 hr
• Velocity of flow: Should not be greater than 30 cm/min
• Tank dimensions: L:B = 3 to 5:1. Generally L= 40m - 100 m. Breadth= 6 m - 10 m.
• Depth of the sedimentation tank = 3 to 5 m
Assumptions
• Detention time : assumed as 4hr
• Depth(assumed) = 4m
• Velocity of flow(assumed) = 30m/min
Maximum daily demand = 11,25,090 m3/day
Since, Q is too big, more number of tanks are needed to accommodate such high volume. So, 100 tanks in total are needed.
Therefore, Q for single tank = 11250.9m^3/day
• Detention period(assumed)= 4hr =0.16666day
• Velocity of flow(assumed) = 30m/min = 18m/hr
• Detention Time = Volume/Q
Volume = 0.16666 x11250.9 = 1875.07m^3
• Detention Time = L/Velocity
4 = L/18
L = 72m
• Cross section area of tank = volume of tank/length of tank
Cross section area of tank = 1875.07 /72 = 26.042m^2
• Depth(assumed) = 4m
Width of tank(B) = Cross section area/depth
= 26.042/4
= 6.5105m
Therefore, the dimensions of sedimentation tank are 72m x 6.5105m x 4m
 Design of Sand Filtration

DATA :-
Maximum daily demand = 11,25,090 m3/day
Specifications
• Flow rate: 0.1 – 0.4 m/hr
• Sand Depth: 0.9 – 1m
• Depth of filter sand: initial 0.8 – 0.9m, and for max 0.5 – 0.6m
Assumptions
• Flow rate: 0.3m/hr
• Out of 5 units, one is kept as standby
• L = 2B
• Height of the tank = 2m
Maximum daily demand = 11,25,090 m3/day
Since, Q is too big, more number of tanks are needed to accommodate such high volume. So, 100 tanks in total are needed.
Therefore, Q for single tank = 11250.9m^3/day
= 468.7875m^3/hr
Rate of filtration(v)assumed = 0.3m/hr
So,
Total surface area requirement to filter= Maximum daily demand/ Rate of filtration
A = 468.7875 /0.3 = 1,562.625m^2

Assuming out of 5 units, one is kept as standby while others are under repair.
Hence, Surface area of each unit = 1,562.625 /4 = 390.656m^2

Taking tank height as 2m and L=2b

A=2b x b = 2b^2= 390.656
This implies, b=13.975m and L=27.95m

Therefore, dimensions of single unit are 27.95m x 13.975m x 2m