Autonomous Vehicle with Obstacle Detection using

Ultrasonic Detectors

AIM:

The main aim of this project is to design Obstacle Detecting Autonomous

Robot using Ultrasonic Detectors.
PURPOSE:

The purpose of the project is to detect an obstacle in the path of the robot
using Ultrasonic Detectors and to avoid the collision of the obstacles.

METHODOLOGY:

BLOCK DIAGRAM

Battery Buzzer

MOTORDRIVER

MICRO
CONTROLLER
ULTASONIC
DETECTOR MOTOR

Head office: 2nd floor, Solitaire plaza, beside Image Hospital, Ameerpet, Hyderabad
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DESCRIPTION:

Now a day's every system is automated in order to face new challenges.

In the present days Automated systems have less manual operations, flexibility,
reliability and accurate. Due to this demand every field prefers automated control
systems. Especially in the field of electronics automated systems are giving good
performance. In the present scenario of war situations, unmanned systems plays very
important role to minimize human losses. So this robot is very useful to do operations
like obstacle Evidence.
Here is an automated unmanned system being designed around a
microcontroller which selects by changing its path whenever any obstacle is detected.
According to this project, a robot is designed which is made to move all the
time. Apart from this, the system also embedded with ULTRASONIC detectors used
to detect the obstacle during which the direction of the robot is changed. All the
devices such as ULTRASONIC detectors, motor by which robot is made to move are
being interfaced to microcontroller which forms the control unit of the project.
In the standby mode the robot is moved here and there. Whenever any obstacle
is being detected by the ULTRASONIC detectors, the same is sensed and is intimated
to the microcontroller. Now the micro controller changes the direction of the robot
by driving the motors in a respective direction.
This project finds its place in places where one wants to make the unmanned
system with some intelligence.
ULTRASONIC DETECTORS:-
Ultrasonic detectors (also known as transceivers when they both send and
receive) work on a principle similar to radar or sonar which evaluate attributes of a
target by interpreting the echoes from radio or sound waves respectively. Ultrasonic
detectors generate high frequency sound waves and evaluate the echo which is
received back by the detectors. Detectors calculate the time interval between sending
the signal and receiving the echo to determine the distance to an object.

This technology can be used for measuring: wind speed and direction (anemometer),
fullness of a tank and speed through air or water. For measuring speed or direction a
device uses multiple detectors and calculates the speed from the relative distances to
Head office: 2nd floor, Solitaire plaza, beside Image Hospital, Ameerpet, Hyderabad
www.kresttechnology.com, E-Mail : krestinfo@gmail.com , Ph: 9885112363 / 040
44433434
2
particulates in the air or water. To measure the amount of liquid in a tank, the detector
measures the distance to the surface of the fluid. Further applications include
humidifiers, sonar, medical ultrasonography burglar alarms and non-destructive
testing

Systems typically use a transducer which generates sound waves in the ultrasonic
range, above 18,000 hertz, by turning electrical energy into sound, then upon
receiving the echo turn the sound waves into electrical energy which can be measured
and displayed.

Hardware involved:

 Microcontroller
 Ultrasonic detector
 Motor driver
 Motor
 Battery
 buzzer

Software used:

 Keil
 Embedded ‘C’
 Express PCB
 Express schematic

Applications:

 Used in Military applications

 Used in Industrial applications.

RESULT:

According to this project we can implement a robot, which detect the obstacles
on its way and collision with other obstacles.

Head office: 2nd floor, Solitaire plaza, beside Image Hospital, Ameerpet, Hyderabad
www.kresttechnology.com, E-Mail : krestinfo@gmail.com , Ph: 9885112363 / 040
44433434
3