Professional Documents
Culture Documents
ENGINEERING PROCESS
Unit processes are also referred to as chemical conversions. In simple terms, the
process which involves chemical changes are known as Unit Processes. Together with unit
operations (physical conversions), unit processes (chemical conversions) form the basic
building blocks of a chemical manufacturing process. Most chemical processes consist of a
combination of various unit operations and unit processes.
1. Raw Material Processes / Preparation
2. Main Reaction Processess
3. Separation
4. Purification
UNIT OPERATIONS
Unit operation follows the same physical laws and may be used in all chemical
industries. The unit operations thus became the fundamental principles of chemical
engineering. Unit operations method was then being used to tackle the fundamental
problems of the quantitative control of large masses of material in reaction and to design
cost-effective industrial-scale processes for chemical reactions. The knowledge is that
industrial chemical-manufacturing processes can be resolved into a relatively few units,
each of which has a definite function and each of which is used repeatedly in different
kinds of processes.
Pulverization : Pembubukan
Sieving : Pengayakan
MASS BALANCE
Mass Balance also known as Material Balance is an application of conservation of mass.
The law of conservation of mass or principle of mass conservation states that for
any system closed to all transfers of matter and energy, Mass can neither be produced nor
destroyed---that is, mass is conserved. Mass balance will determined the amount of raw
materials needed and the products produced.
Tidak adanya pembentukan zat ataupun reaksi kimia yang menggunakan zat
tersebut sehingga tidak ada Generation dan Consumption.
JENIS-JENIS PROSES
Most industrial processes under normal conditions are not really steady-state
because the values of the variables involved when measured fluctuate
continuously due to low-level disturbances to the process and the action of the
control systems to counteract these disturbances. Yet the operation of such
processes is frequently referred to “steady-state behavior”. That should properly
be called pseudo steady-state (meaning that it is not truly steady-state but for
convenience is treated as steady-state) or perhaps quasi steady-state (meaning
effectively behaving as though it were steady-state).
b) Proses Unsteady State (Transient)
Terjadi perubahan dalam sistem terhadap waktu. Baik berupa perubahan
laju, komposisi, massa maupun suhu. Karena adanya perubahan laju maka
terdapat perubahan akumulasi di dalam sistem sehingga akumulasi massa harus
diperhitungkan.
Berdasarkan kejadiannya proses terbagi menjadi tiga, yaitu Batch, Semi-Batch dan
Continuous
a) Batch Process
b) Continuous Process
Pemasukan bahan dan pengeluaran produk dilakukan secara terus menerus/
berkesinambungan dengan laju tertentu. Dari segi ekonomi, lebih
menguntungkan Continuous Process. Ex : Distillation purge, pool filter.
c) Semi-Batch Process
Bukan proses Batch ataupun Continuous atau gabungan keduanya.
Merupakan proses terbuka, material memasuki proses selama operasinya tetapi
tidak ada yang keluar.