The 5 Stages of Knowing 2 Forms of Procedural Knowledge

 Silence
 Received Knowledge
 Subjective Knowledge
 Procedural Knowledge
 Connecting Knowing
 Separate Knowing
 Constructed Knowledge
What is meant by Silence?

 Words are weapons

 Life is viewed in polarities – good or bad, sad or What is meant by Constructed Knowledge?
happy
 Blind obedience to authority  Integrated position that contains ability for both
 Often spokes of voice and silence in describing their subjective and objective perspectives on how knowledge
lives is created
 But rarely spokes of themselves as separate beings  Individual develops a narrative sense of self
 High tolerance for internal contradiction and ambiguity
What is meant by Received Knowledge?  Does not want to compartmentalize reality
 Active constructor of knowledge
 Intolerant of ambiguity
 Worried that to develop their own powers was at the
expense of others
 Concrete and dualistic thinking
 Looked to others to provide self-knowledge
 Little confidence in their own voice: think that their
friends share the same thoughts and experiences
 Fell confused and incapable when asked to do
independent work
What is meant by Subjective Knowledge?

 Distrust logic, analysis, abstract thinking

 Lack of a secure, integrated, self-concept
 Fear that supporting her opinions will jeopardize
connections with others
 Truth is an intuitive reaction, experienced but not
thought out
 Still a conviction that there are right answers
 Truth comes from within the person
 First hand experience is the source of knowledge
What is meant by Procedural Knowledge?
 Belief that knowing requires careful observation and
analysis
 “Separate knowing” is an orientation towards
“impersonal rules” and has impersonal procedures for
establishing truth
 “Connected knowing” depends upon a relational
orientation asserts that truth emerges in connection
with others.