COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

DEPARTMENT: Architectural and Interior Design Engineering

COURSE TITLE: Structural and Form Design

COURSE CODE: ENGI272

LABORATORY: Structural Lab

EXPERIMENT TITLE: Deflection of beams and cantilevers experiment

DATE: 21/ 12 /2020

STUDENT ID: 180206114425

STUDENT NAME: Hadeel Al-Kurdi

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1. INTRODUCTION:

A beam is a primary component that principally opposes loads applied

horizontally to the beam's pivot or axis. Its method of deflection is basically by
bowing or bending. Beams are set apart by their way of assist, balance state,
material, length and profile (condition of cross-segment).

In this report, the apparatus, and the procedures to conduct the experiment on a
beam and cantilever will be shown. The deflection of a beam is basically the
angle of the deflected beam linking with the beam itself. Deflection is
characterized as the vertical movement of a point on a stacked beam. There are
numerous techniques to discover the slope and deflection at a part in a stacked
beam or loaded beam.

2. OBJECTIVES:

The target of the examination is to realize how to set up and accomplish the test
on the deflection conduct of beams and cantilevers, and to know the different
strength of each material.

3. TEST MACHINE/APPARATUS:

Digital dial test indicator on

Specimen beam sliding bracket
Securing thumbscrews

98mm

Clamp (2 off)
Moveable Clamp
Hanger and masses
knife-edge mounting
(2 off) holes

Figure (1): deflection of beams and cantilever experiment in the structure frame

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 Beam deflection implies the condition of twisting of a beam from its unique
shape under crafted by a power or burden or weight. One of the main utilizations of
beam deflection is to acquire conditions with which we can decide the exact
estimations of beam deflections in numerous functional cases. On various chances that
more than one point load as well as uniform burden are following up on a cantilever
beam.

The experiment of the deflection of beam and cantilevers can be software or

manual, this experiment consists of many components and each one of them does it’s
different job or has a specific act that differs it from the other components. The
specimen beam is to decide the textural conduct of the new composite and led to
contemplate the flexural conduct or behavior and flexural strength of the composite,
while the digital dial test indicator on sliding bracket permits it to navigate precisely to
any situation along the test beam, the securing thumbscrews job is to stabilize the
backboard. The backboard holds everything together as the clamp mounting holes is
connected to the backboard; to support the beam on any location. The movable knife-
edge is placed on the specimen beam for support and to affix along the beam, while the
hanger and masses are basically applied on the specimen beam as it acts as a load of
the beam.

Figure (2): deflection of beam and

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cantilever in software and manual
4. SPECIMENS:

The specimens used in the experiment are the different types of loads used for
the aim of measuring the deformation. We start with a load of 100 grams and
adding more 100 grams in each experiment until we reach a load of 500 grams
which is equivalent to 5 experiments.

Figure (3): load specimens

5. THEORY:

The Young's Modulus of a material is a critical property of every material that

can't be changed. It depends on temperature and pressure. The Young's Modulus
(or Elastic Modulus) is the hardness of a material. Using another structure, it is
the manner by which easily the material is twisted or stretched.

To ascertain its worth, we partition the stress over the strain thus we acquire its
value: Young's Modulus = Stress/Strain
At the point when a material arrives a specific stress, the material starts to
change its shape and twist. It is to a limited extent where the materials structure
is stretching and not disfiguring. Notwithstanding, on the off chance that we are
adding more stress to the material, at that point, the molecules or atoms inside
will start to distort and forever change the material. The Young's Modulus is
essential to physicians and engineers as this worth can uncover to them when a
structural body will change its shape. So, that they realize how to design a piece
precisely for use.

The Young's modulus (E) is a property of the material that tells us how easily it
can stretch and twist and is characterized as the proportion of tensile stress (σ) to
tensile strain (ε). Where stress is the measure of power applied per unit region (σ

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 = F/A) and strain is extension per unit length (ε = dl/l). The Young's modulus of
a material is a useful property to know to foresee the conduct of the material
when subjected to a power. This is significant for almost everything around us,
from buildings, to bridges to vehicles and much more.

6. PROCEDURES:

The following points must be implemented with the beam supplied.

 Clip the beam in the holder

 A ways off 400mm or 40cm from the free end place a hanger and a dial
measure close to the hanger. Measure the viable length of the beam. Set
the dial check to zero.
 Place a light mass on the hanger and measure the deflection of the beam.
 Increment or add more of the mass on the hanger and measure the
avoidance or deflection of the beam.
 Move the hanger and the dial gauge to the center of the beam; rehash the
trial yet each time measure the redirection at the middle just as the free
end.
 Arrange the outcomes for each examination.
 Utilize the aftereffects of the beam stacked toward the end and draw a
chart of greatest twisting second against load.

7. RESULTS:

load Dimension Measured Simulation

deformation deformation
0 0.01 0 0
100 0.01 0 0.37
200 0.25 0.24 0.74
300 0.38 0.37 1.11
400 0.5 0.49 1.49
500 0.63 0.62 1.86

Table (1): readings

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8. DISCUSSIONS:

Figure (4): graph that contains the results of the readings

This graph shows that there is a noticeable difference between the measured
deformation and simulated deformation when illustrated, after getting the
readings of this experiment. This big difference can be caused by some defaults
done by apparatus or human, whether the machine is not accurate or got some
defects and needs to be maintained, or the human misread the readings or placed
the loads or dial gauge wrongly.

9. CONCLUSIONS:

Point of contemplating and understanding the various kinds of beams and

impact of various elements in deflection of beam has been finished effectively.
From this investigation, it very well may be inferred that the deflection in a
beam under a steady power relies upon its sort, shape, material and purpose of
utilization of power. It can likewise be reasoned that the trial versatile modulus
of same material is distinctive for each situation and truly relies upon the beam
type, shape and stacking place.

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10. REFERENCES:

- https://gradeup.co/deflection-of-beams-i-ae206f65-bea5-11e5-b01a-53c804be557a
- https://civiltoday.com/structural-engineering/197-beam-deflection
- https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/engineering/beam-specimen
- https://www.google.com/imgres?
imgurl=http://www.tsingso.com/uploads/allimg/170407/1-
1F40G333245C.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.tsingso.com/html/products/Structural_mecha
nics/88.html&tbnid=2DTmCIwkKkKZWM&vet=1&docid=D5Qf-p0x-
5R3yM&w=792&h=546&hl=en&source=sh/x/im
- https://www.green-mechanic.com/2017/01/Deflection-of-Beam-Lab-Report-pdf.html
- https://www.birmingham.ac.uk/teachers/study-resources/stem/Physics/youngs-
modulus.aspx
- https://www.chegg.com/homework-help/questions-and-answers/experiment-1-cantilever-
beam-1-aim-determine-deflections-cantilever-subjected-point-load-m-q39797546