A.

PHONOLOGY

I. Choose the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from the others.

1. A. concealment B. economic C. Connecticut D. calamitously

2. A. austerity B. auction C. August D. cork

3. A. coyote B. leitmotif C. mycology D. niche

II. Choose the word whose the stress partern is placed differently from the others.

1. A. demonstrative B. eligible C. curriculum D. reciprocal

2. A. melancholy B. mercurial C. megapixel D. memorable

3. A. rhetoric B. rheumatic C. revertible D. religious

B. GUIDED CLOZE
Even though alcohol kills millions of people every year, humans have been (1) _______ for
millennia. In the last few decades, wine, in particular, has gained a reputation for being good for our
health. Red wine even has been linked with longevity and lower risk of heart disease.
But could wine really be good for us?
The first question, of course, is what we mean by “good for us”. Many people think of heart
health when we think of the potential (2) _______ of wine. What is less well-known is that research has
found strong links between alcohol and cancer. One bottle of wine per week is associated with an
increased absolute lifetime cancer risk for non-smokers of 1% for men and 1.4% for women. This (3)
_______ one bottle of wine per week to five cigarettes for men, or 10 for women.
“While a lot of work has been done to (4) _______ the link between smoking and cancer, this is
less so for alcohol because public health officials control messaging for smoking, whereas with alcohol,
it’s largely been up to the alcohol industry to do so itself,” says Mark Bellis, director of policy, research
and international development at Public Health Wales.
The idea that research shows a tipple can be beneficial dates back to the 1970s, when scientists
found that French people were less likely to have heart disease than other (5) _______, despite eating
more saturated fat. There was a clear relationship between lower levels of heart disease and wine
consumption. This came to be known as the ‘French paradox’ – a (6) _______ which scientists are still
untangling today.
We have since been (7) _______ to believe that moderate wine-drinking can reduce our risk of
heart disease, high blood pressure, diabetes, and weight gain.
“Early research found that moderate levels of wine consumption had a ‘J’-shaped curve effect,”
says Helena Conibear, co-director of The International Scientific Forum on Alcohol Research. “Small,
regular amounts of wine seem to lead to longer life, better health and less cognitive decline. Since then,
more than 1,000 papers have been published (8) _______ that.”
As a result, for a long time, the (9) _______ was that abstaining from alcohol is unhealthier than
consuming moderate amounts of alcohol (equivalent to one or two drinks a day).
But that “J”-shaped relationship between alcohol consumption, and death and disease, has come
under criticism. It’s now widely understood that a lot of this data could be (10) _______: people
abstaining from alcohol may be doing so because they’re (11) _______:, rather than becoming ill because
they’re abstaining. (This challenge in sorting out cause from effect is the issue with many (12) _______
studies, which most nutrition studies are).
1. A. imbibing B. guzzling C. approbating D. relishing
2. A. downsides B. upsides C. insides D. outsides
3. A. paralles B. equates C. broaches D. calls
 4. A. talk B. speak C. communicate D. chat
5. A. peoples B. populations C. residents D. natives
6. A. conundrum B. dispute C. predicament D. quandary
7. A. persuaded B. pointed C. thought D. led
8. A. echoing B. reiterating C. denigrating D. pleading
9. A. consensus B. accord C. unison D. unanimity
10. A. mistaken B. flawed C. wrong D. unethical
11. A. bad B. not good C. unwell D. incompletely
12. A. observatory B. observable C. observative D. observational
C. SENTENCE TRANSFORMATION
1. They agreed unanimously to share the bill. (DUTCH)
-> With one ________________________________________________________.
With one accord, they went Dutch.
2. The construction had to indemnify approximately $1000 for the destruction. (VICINITY)
-> The construction ________________________________________________________.
The construction had to indemnify in the vicinity of $1000 for the destruction.
3. Nobody never can do something that had been done before like him. (TRAIL)
-> At no ________________________________________________________.
At no time can anyone/anybody blaze the trail like him.
4. She played a very minor part in the team. (FIDDLE)
-> She ________________________________________________________.
She played a second fiddle to the team.
5. As a result of your assult on Tim, you will get grounded for 3 weeks. (LASHING)
-> In the ________________________________________________________.
In the light of your lashing out at Tim, you will get grounded for 3 weeks.