H EXERCISE 8: Complete the sentences. Use the plural form of the words in the lists.

Use
each word only one time.
LIST A:
cowboy
dictionary party

country

1. Mr. and Mrs. Parker have one daughter and two sons. They have one girl and two

bovs
2. The students in my class come from many

3. Women give birth to

4. My money and my are in my pocket.

5. I know the names of many in the United States anu

Canada.

6. I like to go to because I like to meet and talk to people.

7. People carry their food on at a cafeteria.

8. We always use our when we write compositions

9. Good evening, and gentlemen.

, '

10. ride horses. . ,

NOUNS AND PRONOUNS 8 1s

 7 1
LIST B: .I
c; '*i.

knife wife
thief

11. Please put the

on the table.
. forks, and spoons

12. Sue and Ann are married. They are

They have husbands.
Ab I . I

13. We all have some problems in our

14. Police offkers catch

15. It is fall. The are falling from the trees.

., ,; ,
LIST C: .~>

.,
match
...Li S..J
sandwich
.;2c,>*j 8 , *,( I :

16. Bob drink, ,.it of water every day.

17. There are two : male and female.

18. Please put the and the silverware on the table.

19. All citizens pay money to the government every year. They pay their

20. I can see trees and outside the window.

21. I want to light the candles. I need some

22. When I make a salad, I use lettuce and

23. Sometimes Sue has a hamburger and French-fried for dinner.

24. Some animals live all of their lives in

25. Mehmet is a student. He likes his
. ,.>
, .
'..
26. We often eat for lunch.
 4-5 NOUNS: IRREGULAR PLURAL FORMS

SINGULAR PLURAL

(a) child chiZdren Mr. Smith has one child. Mr. Cook has two children.
(b) foot feet I have a rightfoot and a left foot. I have two feet.
(c) man men I see a man on the street. I see two maz on the street.
(d) mouse mice My cat sees a mouse. Cats like to catch mice.
(e) tooth teeth My tooth hurts. My teeth are white.
( f ) woman women There's one woman in ow class. There are ten w m in your class.

(9) fish Fph Bob has an aquarium. He has onefish.

Sue has an aquarium. She has sevenfish.

(h) (none)' PWJh There are fifteen@eoplo in this mom.

(Notice: people does not have a final -8.)

*People is always plural. It has no singular form

EIWClSE 1 1-ORAL (BOOKS CLOSED): Use two and the plural form of the NOUN
Example: one child
Response: two children
1. one child 7. one fish 13. one sentence 19, one girl
2. one woman 8. one page 14. oneman 20. one exercise
3. one tooth 9. one place 15. one orange 21 . one tooth
4. one foot 10. one banana 16. one foot 22. one woman
5. oneman 11. one child 17. one knife 23. one boy and
6. one mouse 12. one desk 18. one sex one woman

EXERCISE 12: T h e object of the game on the following page is to fill in each list with NOUNS.
Write one noun that begins with each letter of the alphabet if possible. T h e nouns
must belong to the category of the list. When you f i s h one kt, count the number of
nouns in your list. T h a t is your score.
 List 1 List 2 List 3 List 4
Things in na
m Things you eat Animals and Things for
. .--* and drink insects sale at (nume ofa
local store)
A air
B b u S h e S

E earth
F fish

Score: 13 Score: Score: Score:

 UNS: COUNT AND NONCOUh I
SINGULAR PLURAL

COUNT a book books A COUNT NOUN

NOUN one book two books
soma books
a lot of books
maw books one + noun
a few books

NONCOUNT m 0 ~ y A NONCOUNT NOUN

NOUN some money
a lot sfmoney (none)
much money Do not use a. A noncount noun does
a little money

COMMON NONCOUNT N O W S
advlce mail bread PWr
furniture money cheese rice
help
homework
informarion
music
Pew
tWFc
. wffe
fwd
hit
salt
soup
sugar
jewelv weather meat tea
luck work
' a milk warn

EXERCISE 13: Look at the italicized words. Underline the noun. Is the noun c o w
or NONCOUNT?
I.@ NONCOUNT He sits on a chpr.
2. COUNT He sits on-furnikure.
3. COUNT NONCOUNT She has a win.
4. COUNT NONCOUNT She has some money.
5 . COUNT NONCOUNT She has some letters.
6. COUNT NONCOUNT She has some mail.
7. COUNT NONCOUNT The street is full of @a&.
8. COUNT NONCOUNT There are a lot of cars in the street.
9. COUNT NONCOUNT I know a fact about bees.
10. COUNT NONCoUNT I have some information about bees.
11. COUNT NONCOUNT The teacher gives us homework.
 12. COUNT NONCOUNT We have an assignment.

13. COUNT NONCOUNT I like music.

14. COUNT NONCOUNT Would you like some coffee?

15. COUNT NONCOUNT Our school has a library.

16. COUNT NONCOUNT People want peace in the world.

17. COUNT NONCOUNT I need some advice.

18. COUNT NONCOUNT Tom has a good job.

19. COUNT NONCOUNT He likes his work. ' ,-7 .

20. COUNT NONCOUNT Would you like some water with your food?

- 21.coUNT NONCOUNT Maria wears a lot ofjewelry

22. COUNT NONCOUNT She wears earrings, rings, n e c k h s , and bracelets.

\

EXERCISE 14-ORAL: Most nouns are COUNT NOUNS. Complete the following by naming
things you see in the classroom.

1. Iseea . I see a
I see a and a

2. Iseetwo

3. I see three I four / five / six I etc.

4. I see some

5. Isee a lot of

6. I seemany
 20, fruit I'm hungry. I would like some
21. weather We're having some hot right now.

22, picture I have some of my family in my wallet.

23. ria, bean I usually have some and

for dinner.

EXERCISE 2 1 : Change the italicized noun to its PLURAL FORM if possible, changing a to
aome. Make other changes in the sentence as necessary.

1. T h a e is a chair in this room. PLURAL FORM + There are some chairs in this mom.

There is some furniture in this room. PLURAL FORM + (none)

I have a coin in my pocket.

I have some monqy in my wallet.

There is some mail in my mailbox.

There is a letter in my mailbox.

There's a lot o f m & on Main Street.

There's a car on Main Street.

. ,
Our teacher assigns a lot of homewrk.
; sx.4; , > L ~ , :;*'
,A> ' . :,-\- ,. \
I like rock music. -' .. . . +?tr
II '.
+..I
,. ::,
. '.
) I

' ,
4)
,.
,
i ' "~ ~

Hong Kong has hot weather. &, ' '

4
:: !.
I need some information and some advice from you.

$4 3 '

I hope you do well on your exam. Good luck,

148 W CHAPTER 4
 EXERCISE 22-ORAL (BOOKS CLOSED): Use a, an, or some with the given word.
Example: book Example: books Example: money
Rarpanse: a book Response: some books Response: some money
1. desk 14. apple 27. window 40. bread
2. desks 15. man 28. horse 41. office
3. animal 16, oldman 29. hour 42. food
4. animals 17. men 30. dishes 43. table
5. chair 18. bananas 31. women 44. cheese
6. chairs 19. banana 32. oranges 45. matches
7. furniture 20. fruit 33. orange 46. adjective
8. child 21. island 34. place 47. advice
9. children 22. jewelry 35. places 48. house
10. music 23. university 36. water 49. people
1 1. homework 24. uncle 37. mail 50. potatoes
12. flower 25. rice 38. letter 51. potato
13. information 26, boys 39. letters 52. sugar

\
EXERCISE 23: Make the nouns PLURALwhere necessary..; .. ,& $. .
p:J.iu,.
,ds. . .:

.s
*' *
\
1. Toronto and Bangkok are big -e+ + cities

2. I need some information. + (no change)

3. Horse are large animals.

4. I like to listen to music when I study.

5. I have two small child.

6. I like to tell them story.

7. There are sixty minute in an hour.

8. Korea and Japan are counay in Asia.

9. Children like to play with toy.

"-..
/---

1 n. Our teacher gives us a lot of homework

1 1. My bookcase has three shelf.

- 7

12. There are five woman and seven man in this class.

13. Bangkok has a lot of hot weather.

NOUNS AND PRONOUNS 149

 14. Are you hungry? Could I get you some food?

15. Taiwan and Cuba are island.

16. I drink eight glass of water every day.

17. Tomato are red when they are ripe.

18. There is a lot of traffic at five o'clock.

19. Before dinner, I put dish, spoon, fork, knife, and napkin on the table.

20. I have many friend. I don't have many enemy.

( a ) I'd like s o m e water. Units of measure are used with noncount nouns to express a
(b) I'd l i e a g l a s s o f water. specific quantity, for example: a glass of, a cup of, a piece of.
( c ) I'd like a c u p o f coffee. In (a): some water = an unspecific quantity.
(d) I'd like a piece offiuit. In @): a glass of water = a specific quantity.

COMMON EXPRESSIONS OF MEASURE

a bag of rice a bunch of b a n a m a jar of pickles
a bar of soap a can of corn* a loaf of bread
a bottle of beer a carton of milk a piece of cheese
a bowl of cereal a glass of water a sheet of paper
a box of candy a head of lettuce a tube of toothpaste

*In British English: a tin of corn.

baa bar bottle box

can carton jar tube bunch

EXERCISE 24: Complete the following. Use a piece of,a cup of,a glass of,or a bowl of.
You are hungry and thirsty. What would you like?
I. a cup of / a _alassof tea
2. bread
3. water
4. coffee
5. cheese
6. soup
7. meat
8. wine
9. fruit
10. rice

EXERCISE 25: Complete the sentences with NOUNS.

1. ~t the store, I bought a carton of orange juice / milk / etc.
2. I also bought a tube of and two bars of

3. I got a can of and a jar of

4. I also got a loaf of and,a box of
5. I wanted to get a head of ,but none of it looked fresh.
6. I got a couple of bottles of and a jar of

EXERCISE 26-ORAL (BOOKS CLOSED): Use I would like. Use alan or some.
Example: coffee
Response: I would like some coffee. OR: I would like a cup of coffee.
Example: new pen . / ; i l
,.1

Response: I'd like a new pen.

1. coffee 9. apple 17. sandwich 25. new shirtblouse
2. money 10. oranges 18. meat 26. new shoes
3. dollar 1 1. water 19. roast beef 27. tea
4. paper 12. new pencil 20. soup 28. cheese
5. new book 13. information 21. salt 29. rice
6. new books 14. help 22. sugar 30. bread

.
7. fruit 15. advice 23. fish 31. chicken
8. banana 16. food 24. new car 32. new furniture

NOUNS AND PRONOUNS 151

EXERCISE 31: Use these words in the sentences. If necessary, use the plural form. Use each
word only once.

bush foot information page

child fiuit knife paper
&J furniture (/ match piece
country help mow sex
edge homework monkey traffzc

1. 1want to light a candle. I need some matches

2. I have a lot of in my wallet. I'm rich.

3. There are two : male and female.

4. I would like to visit many in the United States. I'd like to

visit Chicago, Los Angeles, Dallas, Miami, and some others.

5. There are some ,forks, and spoons on the table.

6 . I want to take the bus downtown, but I don't know the bus schedule. I need some

about the bus schedule. ..\

7. I want to write a letter. I have a pen, but I need some

8. There are three in North America: Canada, the

United States, and Mexico.

9. There are a lot of trees and in the park.

10. Bob is studying. He has a lot of to do.

11. I like to go to the zoo. I like to watch animals. I like to watch elephants, tigers, and

12. There is a lot of on the street during rush hour.

13. My dictionary has 437

14. This puzzle has 200

 Barbara has four suitcases. She can't carry all of them. She ,

needs some 4
/
Susie and Bobby are seven years old. They aren't adults.

They're

A piece of paper has four

We need a new bed, a new sofa, and some new chairs.

We need some new

People wear shoes on their

20. I like apples, oranges, and bananas. I eat a lot of

EXERCISE 32: Use these words in the sentences. Use the plural form if necessary.
advice i?hs potato tmy
centimeter horse sentence valley
dish inch size weather
fish leaf stmwberry woman
foot man thief work

.. fall from the trees in autumn.

2. Sometimes I have a steak, a salad, and French-fried

for dinner.

3. When the temperature is around 3 5 ' ~( 7 7 O J 3 , I'm comfortable. But I don't like

very hot

4. Cowboys ride

5. Plates and bowls are called

6. Married are called wives.

7. steal things: money, jewelry, cars, etc.

8. are small, red, sweet, and delicious.

9. People carry their food on at a cafeteria.

10. I'm not busy today. I don't have much to do.

11. Sweaters in a store often have four : small, medium,

large, and extra large.

NOUNS AND PRONOUNS W 155

 12. 1have a problem. I need your help. I need some from you.

13. Some have mustaches.

,l4. Mountains are high, and are low.

v

I.
15. Annhas five in her aquarium.
,"1
n; - 716. In some countries, people use cups for their tea. In other countries, they usually use

for their tea.

17. There are 100 in a meter.

18. There are 12 in a foot.*

. -
19. There are 3 in a yard.* .,:

20. There are twenty-five in this exercise. ,.. - , . . A

4-10 USING THE

( a ) A: Whm's David? A speaker uses tho when the speaker and the listener
B: He's in the kitchen. have the same thing or person in mind. The shows that
a noun is specific.
(b) A: I have two pieces of fruit for us, In (a): Both A and B have the same kitchen in mind.
an apple and a banana. Which do In (b): When B says "the apple," both A and B have the
you want? same apple in mind.
B: I'd like the apple, thank you.

(c) A: It's a nice summer day today. In (c): Both A and B are thinking of the same sky (there
The sky is blue. l k sun is hot. is only one sky for them to think of) and the same sun
B: Yes, I really like summer. (there is only one sun for them to think of).

(d) Mike has a pen and a pencil, The is used with:

The pen is blue. singular count nouns, as in (d).
The pendl is yellow. plural count nouns, as in (e).
noncount nouns, as in (f).
( e) Mike has soma pens and p d . In other words, the is used with each of the three kinds of
The pens are blue. nouns.
The pencils are yellow.

( f ) Mike has 80?m rice and some cheese. Notice in the examples: the speaker is using the for the
The rics is white. second mention of a noun. When the speaker mentions
The cheese is yellow. a noun for a second time, both the speaker and listener
are now thinking about the same thing.
First mention: I have a pen.
Second mention: The pen is blue.

*1 inch = 2.54 centimetern. 1 foot = 30.49 ccntimcters. 1 yard = 0.91 mems.