Dr Vince Grade 10 Physics Detailed Revisions 1

C03-Q02-A: Fill in the blanks.

1. __________ force causes bodies which are above the earth's surface to fall onto the earth's surface.
Gravitational
2. The ________ force enables the moon to go round the earth. gravitational
3. The __________ force enables the earth to go round the sun. gravitational
4. Unit vector is a vector that has the magnitude _________. 1
5. In vector equation of the force between two bodies, minus sign indicates the force is _________.
attractive
6. In vector equation of the force between two bodies, plus sign indicates the force is _________.
repulsive
7. The value of G in SI system is ___________. 6.67  10-11 N m2 kg-2
8. The value of G in MKS system __________. 6.67  10-11 m3 kg-1 s-2
9. The value of G in CGS system __________. 6.67  10-8 cm3 g-1 s-2
10. The attraction of the moon and the sun upon water of the earth causes ______. tides
11. Satellites are kept in their circular orbit by the gravitational attraction of the _______.earth

C03-Q02-B: Say True (or) False.

1. All bodies in the universe are attracting one another. True
2. The gravitational constant G is the same for all bodies in the universe. True
3. There is no gravitational force between proton and electron. False
4. The gravitational force between two object is greater in air than in vacuum. False
5. Two bodies can repel because of the gravitational force. False
6. There is no gravitational force on the moon. False

C03-Q02-C: Short Questions.

1. State Newton’s Gravitational Law in words and in symbols. Give illustration.
Newton’s Gravitational Law: Every body attracts every other body in the universe. The gravitational
force between the two bodies is directly proportional to the product of the masses and inversely
proportional to the square of the distance between them.
m1m2 mm
In symbols, F 2
(OR) F  G 1 2 2
r r
where F = the gravitational force between the two masses,
m1, m2 = masses of the two bodies, r = distance between the two bodies.

F21 F12

r21 m2
m1
r

F12 = the gravitational force exerted by the first body on the second body
2 Grade 10 Physics Detailed Notes Dr Vince

F21 = the gravitational force exerted by the second body on the first body
2. Express Newton’s Gravitational Law in vector form. Explain the meaning of the sign in it.
 Gm1m2
F21   r̂21
r212

where F21 = the gravitational force exerted by the second body on the first body,
m1, m2 = masses of the two bodies, r21 = distance between the two bodies.

r21
rˆ21  = the unit vector directed from the second body to the first body
r21
Minus sign indicates the force is attractive.
3. The sun contains some gases. Which force holds the gases in the sun?
Gravitational force
4. If you throw up a ball in air, the ball comes down again. Which force causes this effect?
Gravitational force
5. The distance between two bodies is doubled. Predict what will happen to the gravitational force between them.
m1m2
By Newton’s gravitational law, F  G
r2
m1m2 1
F  G  F
2r 
2 4
The force will decrease to ¼ of the original value.
6. Is there gravitational force between the Sun and the Earth? Explain.
Yes. They have masses and there is a certain distance between them.
7. Explain the effects of gravitational force.
The gravitational force causes bodies which are above the earth's surface to fall onto the earth's surface.
The gravitational force enables the moon to go round the earth.
The gravitational force enables the earth to go round the sun.
8. Explain some applications of gravitational force.
Tides: The attraction of the moon and the sun upon water of the earth causes tides.
Orbits of satellites round the earth: Satellites are kept in their circular orbit by the gravitational
attraction of the earth.
9. Does gravitational force enable a body to go circular motion?
Yes.
The gravitational force enables the earth to go round the sun.

C03-Q02-D: Calculations.
1. Express the value of G in the CGS units.
G = 6.67  10-8 cm3 g-1 s-2
Dr Vince Grade 10 Physics Detailed Revisions 3
2. Calculate the gravitational force between: (i) the Earth and the Moon (ii) the Sun and Jupiter
[mearth = 6  1024 kg, mmoon = 7.4  1022 kg, msun = 1.988  1030 kg, mjupiter = 1.9  1027 kg,
dearth-moon = 3.8  108 m, dsun-jupiter = 7.78  1011 m]
By Newton’s gravitational law,

mearth mmoon 6  1024  7.4  10 22

Fearth  moon  G  6.67  1011  = 2.05  1020 N
rearth  moon  2
3.8 10 
8 2

The force is attractive.

msun m jupiter 1.988  1030  1.9  1027
Fsun  jupiter  G  6.67  10 11  = 4.16  1023 N
rsun  jupiter 
2
7.78 10 11 2

The force is attractive.

3. Find the gravitational force between 10 kg body and 20 kg body at 10 m apart.
By Newton’s gravitational law,
m1m2 10  20
F G  6.67  1011  = 1.334  10-10 N
r 
2
102
The force is attractive.