CONNECTIVE TISSUE

Triani Hastuti Hatta

Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine

Hasanuddin University
Makassar 2013
Connective tissue 1

Responsible  provide & maintain the form of organs

throughout the body
Provide matrix  connects & binds others tissue & cells
Metabolic support  medium for diffusion of nutrients
Biological functions  reservoir of factor controlling cell
growth & differentiation
3 component :
cells
fibers (collagen, reticular, elastic)
ground substance (GAG, proteoglycan)
extracellular matrix >>>
Types of Connective tissue 2

Common Specialized

Loose (areolar) Reticular

Adipose
Dense
Hematopoietic

Regular Irregular
- Collagen - Gelatinous
- Elastic - Embryonal
Loose Connective Tissue 3

Very common type of connective tissue

Forms a layer around small blood & lymphatic
vessels.
Fills the spaces between muscle & nerve fibers.
Functions:
- Support many structures  normally under
pressure & low friction
- medium of nutrition for others tissue
- Has role in body immunity
Loose Connective Tissue 4

Characterized by:
– Cells far from intercellular
substances
– Amorf substance as main
intercellular substance.
Its component :
– Cells : fibroblast, mast cells,
macrophag, leucocyte
– Fibers : collagen, elastis,
reticular
– Ground substances:
proteinglycans, glycoprotein
Loose Connective Tissue 5
Gelatinous tissue 6

Gel forms of areolar tissue.

There is intermollecular space,
contain fluid tissue diffusion
oxygen & nutrition from tissue
capillary to cells
Found at umbilicalis cord.
Embryonal tissue 7

Areolar tissue in embryo.

Composed of fibroblast with
abundant of amorf substance.
Dense Connective Tissue 8

Adapted to offer resistance &

protection
Same component with areolar
tissue, but fewer cells &
predominant of fibers over ground
substances.
Based on orientation of fibers,
divided as :
Dense irregular connective tissue
Dense regular connective tissue
- Collagen
- Elastis
Collagen dense connective tissue 9

Collagen fibers arranged according to definite pattern

Collagen fibers aligned with linear orientation of fibroblast
Found in : tendon, aponeurosis, ligament
Elastic Dense Connective Tissue 10

 Thick elastic fibers arranged in linear orientation

 Found in:
 Penis suspensorium ligament
 Yellow ligament of columna vertebra
Reticular Connective Tissue 11

Reticular tissue :
 Lien, lymph nodes
 Bone matrix
 Heart vessels
Morphologic of reticular
cells:
 Cells with long
cytoplasm
 Nucleus: big, oval
 Fine chromatine
 One or two nucleolus
 Fat tissue (Adipose tissue) 12

Specialized type of connective tissue

which adipocytes predominant
– Fat cells (adipocytes)
differentiated from mesenchym
cell
– Stained by Sudan staining
– Characteristic of adipocyte :
• Cuboid cells
• Cytoplasm: fat drops altered
into bigger drops
• Nucleus: squamous
• HE stainingempty space
 White Adipose Tissue 13

 Unilokuler adipocyte (1 big

vacuole fat)
 Found in subcutaneous of
abdomen, gluteus and hip
 Vacuole consist of fat acid from:
 Chylomicron
 Triglyseride
 Product of glucose synthesis
 Free fat acid
 Influenced by hormone:
 Sex hormone, Insuline,
epinephrine &
norepinephrine
Brown Adipose Tissue 14

 Characterized by brown colour

 high cytochrome in
mitochondria
 Limited in subcutaneus of
inerscapula, mediastinum &
along of aorta
 Characteristic:
 Multilokuler ( multiple
drops)
 Small than white adipocyte
 Termogenic  thermal body
Component of connective tissue 15

Extracellular matrix Cells

Collagen Fibroblast

Elastin Macrophag
Reticullar Mast cells

Fibronektin Plasma cells

Proteoglican &
Glikosaminoglican
 16
Collagen
 Distributed 70% in tendon & dermis
 Strong protein without branching, distributed & spread in
whole body area.
 Collagen fiber is stained by :
 Mallory
 Von Gieson
 Mansson trikrom
Collagen fibers 17

Type I  Located: bone, tendon, skin, cornea

 Synthesized: fibroblast , osteoblast,
smooth muscles, some epithelial

 Located: cartilages, cornea, vitreus

Type II corpus
 Synthesized: condroblast & condrocyte,
nerves in retina, notochord
 Located: fetus skin, vessels
Type III
 Synthesized : fibroblast, myoblast

Type IV  Synthesized : fibroblast, epithelial cells

 Located: vessels, smooth muscles

Type V
 Synthesized : condrocyte
Elastic fibers 18

 Characterized:
 Thinner than collagen fiber, recoil (stretching),
 Located in skin, vessels, nose, outer of ears, GIT,
lungs
 Synthesized by reticullum endoplasm
 Stained with Weigert
Reticullar fibers 19

 Characterized :
 Extremely thin

 Consist mainly of
collagen type III
 Distributed : lymph
node, lymph duct,
bone, endocrine
glands, liver & ren
 Pewarnaan khusus :
 Silver impregnation
Argyrophilic
 PAS (+)
 Fibronectin 20

Characterized :
 Glicoprotein surrounding
collagen fibers
 In extracellular, looks like fibril
 Consist of 3 type (I,II,III)
 Connection between cytoskleton
& extracellular matrix

Functions :
 As connective protein between
intercellular with other
component of extracellular
matrix & adhesive cell to cell
 Attach the cells, collagen fibers,
aktin, heparin & fibrin
Glycosaminoglycan 21

Called as mucopolysaccharides  formed by repeating

disaccharides units (urocanic acid & hexosamine)
Ada 5 variasi glikosaminoglikan
Proteoglycans 22

Composed of core protein that attached various

numbers & combinations of sulfated GAGs.
Acting as structural component of ECM, bind
signaling protein, eg fibroblast growth factor.
Degradation of proteoglycans  release growth
factor
Bacteria  hyaluroniadse  reduced
viscosityof connective tissue ground substance
Cells component 23
Mononuclear Phagocyte system 24
Thank
you
 References
 Diktat Histologi I Bagian Histologi Fak. Kedokteran
Universitas Hasanuddin.
 Mescher AL. “Junqueira’s Basic Histology: Text and
Atlas”, 12th ed.
 Ross MH & Pawlina W. “ Histology: a Text and Atlas
with Correlated Cell and Molecular Biology”, 5th ed.
 Eroschenko VP. Atlas Histologi diFiore, dengan
korelasi fungsional. Ed. 11
 Young B, Lowe JS, Stevens A, Heath JW. Wheater’s
Functional Histology, A Text and Colour Atlas. 5th ed

 Please, read that reference more..