Lesson – 5

Factors and multiples

Factors :
Factors of a given number are the numbers which
divide the given number without leaving any remainder.
Eg :
24
24 ÷ 1 = 24 ; 24 ÷ 6 = 4 1 x 24 = 24
24 ÷ 2 = 12 ; 24 ÷ 8 = 3 (or) 2 x 12 =24
24 ÷ 3 = 8 ; 24 ÷ 12= 2 3 x 8 = 24
24 ÷4 = 6 ; 24 ÷24 = 1 4 x 6 = 24
Thus 1, 2,3,4,6,8,12 and 24 are the factors of 24.

Fill in the blanks :

1. 36
36 = 1 x 36
36 = 2 x 18
36 = 3 x 12
36 = 4 x 9
36 = 6 x 6
Factors of 36 are 1,2,3,4,6,9,12,18 and 36.
 2. 54
54 = 1 x 54
54 = 2 x 27
54 = 3 x 18
54 = 6 x 9
Factors of 54 are 1,2,3,6,9,18,27 and 54.

Factorisation :
Every number has 1 and itself as its factors. We
can find the factors of a number by multiplication or
division.
1. Find the factors of 45 by the method of division .
Solution :
45 ÷ 1 = 45 ⇨ no remainder
∴ 1 and 45 are the factors of 45.
45 ÷ 2 will leave a remainder
∴ 2 is not a factor of 45.
45 ÷ 3 = 15 ⇨ no remainder
∴ 3 and 15 are the factors of 45.
45 ÷ 4 leaves 1 as remainder
∴ 4 is not a factor of 45.
 45 ÷5 = 9 ⇨ no remainder
∴ 5 and 9 are the factors of 45 .
The factors of 45 are 1, 3, 5, 9,15 and 45.
2. Check if,
i) 3 is a factor of 41
ii) 5 is a factor of 35

i)3 is a factor of 41
13
3 41
- 3
1 1
- 9
2

41 ÷ 3 leaves a remainder 2.
3 is not a factor of 41.
ii) 5 is a factor of 35
7
5 35
 - 35
0
35 ÷ 5 leaves no remainder.
∴ 5 is a factor of 35.