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The device “AcuVision” represents the high-voltage pulse generator
  with the microprocessor management, intended for visualization of
points with the least electric resistance by means of their
  luminescence in high voltage corona discharge.

  AcuVision – a unique invention, which ultimately made it possible to

visualize acupuncture points and meridians in living systems, as well
 
as enhance and balance energy flow in them.
 
 
 
 Controllable  flow of positive and  negative  airo-iones for
  diagnostic and therapy. It is equipped with two active
electrodes.
 
 High-frequency modulated electromagnetic field.
 
 
 
 
   

  1. DIAGNOSTIC  USE  OF  ACUVISION  DEVICE

             

  1.1. The main blocks of AcuVision device.

   

  The device “AcuVision-04” represents the high-voltage pulse

generator with the microprocessor management, intended for
  visualization of points with the least electric resistance by means of
  their luminescence in high voltage corona discharge, and also, for
realization of electro puncture and air-ions therapy.
 
The device includes a power and control unit, positive and negative
  active electrodes and two grounding electrodes: one for the patient
and another for operator (fig. 1).
 
 
 

‫الشركة تقوم بتدريب‬

‫األطباء المستخدمين‬
‫واألخصائيين على‬
‫استخدام الجهاز وتركيبه‬
‫وتجهيزه للعمل‬

 
 

Figure 1. The main blocks of AcuVision device.

1.2. The Corona discharge – the directed movement of aero-ions.

If between two electrodes which are taking place in air space, the
voltage achieves the certain level arises corona discharge, which
represents the directed movement of the ionized molecules of air.

Positive aero-ions fly towards a negative electrode, and negative aero-

ions and electrons fly towards a positive electrode (fig. 2).

 
 

Figure 2.  Ior-ions and their movement towards electrodes.

Dielectric medium located between electrodes, blocks movement of

aero-ions. However if there are sites of the decreased resistance, for
example pores or defects the maximal concentration of ions, is
observed in the field of these highly conducting sites (fig 3). 

 
 

Figure 3.  Air-ions are moving via low resistance sites of dielectric
medium.

1.3. «AcuVision» - is a device for visualization of acupoints and skin

zones, which have the electrical resistance.

The earthed biological object covered with a thin dielectric medium (a

paper, cotton fabric, polyester film, etc), is located in an electrostatic
field of the high-voltage corona discharge.

Power lines of the field are concentrated in the points of minimal

electrical resistance on a surface of bioobject. On border air – dielectric
occurs transformation of the corona discharge into the spark discharge,
thus there is a luminescence as a bluish light, and the patient feels
weak pricking. The greatest brightness of a luminescence is observed in
the field of the maximal concentration of an electrostatic field, i.e.
above points of the minimal electric resistance. Diagnostic criteria are
brightness of a luminescence and time of a relaxation (fig. 4).

 
 

Figure 4. The “AcuVision” device and physical principle of low

resistance points visualization.

Figure 4. The “AcuVision” device and physical principle of low

resistance points visualization.

1.4. Structure and electrical characteristics of the skin.

           

The skin of the person and animals consists from epidermis and derma.
Epidermis is submitted by the stratified flat keratinized epithelium in
which constantly there is cell updating and specific cell differentiation -
keratinization (fig 5).

Derma consists from papillary layer formed by a friable fibrous

connecting tissue and the reticular layer formed by a dense no
formalized connecting tissue.

            In the majority of sites of the skin sweat and sebaceous glands,
roots of hair are settled down in the reticular layer of the skin. Collagen
fascicles of the reticular layer of derma proceed in the fat hypodermic
tissue layer [Histology, 2001].

Electric conductivity of living tissues is determined by concentration of

ions and their mobility. In an intercellular liquid with the maximal
contents of ions specific electroconductivity is high enough and makes
1 Sm · m 1 (Simens on meter). Specific electroconductivity of the cell
membrane and endocellular membranes is about (1 – 3)  · 10-5 Sm · m-1.

           
   

 
 

Figure 5. Structure of the skin (schema by E.Kotovsky).

Electroconductivity of the skin depends on its thickness, a condition of

derivatives and the contents of water. Thickness of epidermis in the
majority of sites of a body makes 0,07 - 0,12 mm, and on palm and sole
surfaces achieves 0,8 - 1,4 mm. The contents of water in a superficial
layer makes only 10 % of weight of cells, whereas in underlying layers
up to 70 %. The area of sweat glands and sebaceous glands, hair
follicles on different sites of a body is non equal and also makes 0,5 %
of a surface of integuments. In view of these features specific
electroconductivity of separate sites of the skin essentially differs and
achieves 10–3 –  2 ·10–2 Sm · m–1 [V.Bogolubov et al., 1999].

 
 

Figure 6. Diffuse (a) and local (b) electroconductivity of the skin.

The researches which have been carried out in Russia and abroad, have
shown, that conductivity of the skin varies on a functional condition of
various organs and an organism as a whole. Changes of conductivity
can be observed on any standard sites of the skin or on the sites of skin
known from traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) as acupoints and
reflexogenic zones [R.Voll, 1960; J.Niboet, 1955; Y.Nakatany et al.,
1977; F.Portnov, 1974, etc.] (fig. 6).

1.5. The main aspects of traditional Chinese medicine: acupoints,

channels and Qi.

1.5.1. Acupoints.

The skin of the human and animal body is characterized by

morphological and functional heterogeneity (fig. 1.1). The same
heterogeneity can be found in the bodies of plants and insects
[A.Zhirmunsky et al., 1981; D.Madoli, 1984].

Several days after death electrical heterogeneity of the skin can be

detected yet [A.Zhirmunsky et al., 1981; T.Croley, 1986; V.Goidenko et
al., 1984]. Gradually the physic parameters of the skin become equal,
and electrical heterogeneity disappears, because of autolisis process,
which takes place in the cell after death.

 In terms of TCM, the heterogeneity of skin is described as “Skin

regions”, “Acupoints”, “Channels” and “Collaterals”.

The basis of the acupoint is formed by the loose connective tissue with
a large number of nervous receptors, free nervous endings, a
developed vascular system, cell elements containing biologically active
substances, and a lot of gap connections [N.Verzhbitskaya, 1980;
V.Mashansky, 1983] (fig. 6-7)

Electroconductivity of the skin varies from 1 to 2 MOm, but at the site

of acupoints entrance decreases till 20-60 KOm [A.Podshibiakin, 1960;
F.Portnov, 1987; J.Niboyet, 1963; J.Bossy, 1973].

 
Figure 7.  The structure of an acupuncture point.

1.5.2. System of the “Channels” or “Meridians”.

In accordance with the TOM theory Qi (energy) and Blood circulates in

the human body along the special pathways known as “Channels” and
“Collaterals”.

            What do terms “channel” or “meridian” mean?

            The modern scientific methodology of study, supposes

correlation between a specific function and structure of any biologic
object. Yet no specific structures have been revealed to confirm
“channel” up to now. That is why some authors consider, that the
“channel” is an imaginary line, which links points having similar
functions. They consider, that the real connection between these
points is provided by the various structures of the nervous system. In
this case one may apply a term “meridian” [R.Durinian, 1981 et all].

But, sometimes, to the contrary, absence of the structure can support

a new function. For example, “the door or window aperture”, “a gap”
etc. We could imagine the ”channels” to be a system of “gaps”, which
are stretched out along the well know anatomical structures. The
surface of the muscles, bones, tendons, vessels and others form the
“external walls” of the “channels”. These “gaps” or “channels” are
filled by fibrous connective tissue, electrolytes and structured
molecules of water [A.Umanskaya, 1984]. We suppose that it is enough
to provide “a function to conduct Qi”.

This explanation is confirmed by the results obtained by a Korean

doctor, Kim Bon Khan [Kim Bon Khan, 1963] and correlated to the
description given in the book of famous ancient Chinese doctor Li Shi
Zhen “… there are tunnels in the inside space of the body and a person
who looks inside mentally can light up them…» [Wu Jing, 2000].

                                               

It was revealed, on experiment, that informational interchange

between cells is carried out by the electromagnetic fields, at the range
of 1011 – 1014 Hz [V.Kaznacheev et al., 1985; H.Frölich, 1988]. Yet it is
known from physic that these high frequency waves can only be
conducted by wave-guide “coreless dielectric wave-guide”.

Impulses of relatively low frequency can be conducted by the nervous

system, but high frequency signals can be conducted by the “gaps” or
wave-guides. Thus, the “channel” system is solo candidate to transmit
the high frequency impulses produced by cells.    
Theoretical and experimental study have proved, that “channels” can
be wave-guides, which conduct electromagnetic waves of various
ranges [V.Kaznacheev et al., 1985; E.Andreev et al., 1985; T.Croley,
1986].

The independent and oldest regulatory system of the human and

animal body is probably the system of “channels” [A.Zhyrmunsky et al.,
1979; L.Savina et al., 1983; Zhao Jianguo et al., 1986].

The morphological and functional simplicity of the “channels” is the

reason, why they have failed to verify them, because “… it is too
primitive from the modern biology point of view…” [E.Stiefvater, 1956].
Yet being a basic system, it unifies all other, more complex regulation
systems and provides the organism’s interaction with the environment.

1.5.3. “Energy” or “Qi”.

It is very difficult to translate the term “Qi” and many different ones
may have been proposed, none of which approximates the essence of
Qi exactly. It can assume different manifestations and be different
things in various situations. One and the same Qi can be named by a
different manner and has various functions.Usually it is impossible to
understand the meaning exactly, without the text where the word Qi is
applied.

Sometimes Qi is translated as “air”, “energy”, and “living force” or

functional activity is described by means of Qi. At the same time it is
both material and nonmaterial. It can be associated with either
“energy” or “form”,

In 1964 an English cybernetic S.Beer proposed an idea by which the

complex system can be managed by the “sole managing parameter”.
He described its properties: “the parameter must function at any
elements of the system, and change of a parameter at any place in a
system, has to be accompanied by changing the functional status of the
whole system”.

We may suppose then that when we speak about living systems, Qi is a

“solo managing parameter” and thinking it over further, we can
suggest that the electrical potential of the cell membranes can be
accepted as a real or “material” realization of Qi [G.Ovchinnikova,
1985].

By means of Qi one may compare any “non-compared” signs and

phenomenon, for example, height, weight, heat, colour, time,
conditions of health and disease and various therapeutic methods. One
may value and compare the body resistance, its function and kind of
disease and also prescribe necessary treatment. Comparison and value
is done, not in the figures, but in comparative categories: more, much
more, less, much less or equal.

By means of the value of Qi one may recognise or define a problem.

For example, if there is a cough or dyspnoea it means that there is a
Lung disorder. If the cough is aggravated by inspiration it means that
there is a Deficiency condition of Lung, if cough is aggravated by
expiration; it means that there is an Excess condition of the Lung. It
does not matter, what nosologic diagnosis the patient has or what the
results of any modern examination (laboratory, x-ray, etc.) In the case
of Excess one should sedate points of the Lung channel and at the case
of Deficiency one should reinforce points of the Lung channel.

Thus, Qi is a “sole managing parameter” as well as a “universal

measuring unit”, which is used to describe and compare any
phenomena or processes. The authors consider that it is difficult to find
a good modern equivalent word for the term Qi. There are various
version of translation but non of them can be accepted as universal,
which could contain all sense of Qi. So, one can’t translate this term
without knowing the context in which it was applied.

Application of Qi in every day practice.

Wei Qi (defensive Qi) circulates more superficially and prevents the

penetration of any diseases to the body’s depth. This Qi correlates to
the body resistance, immunity and adaptive capacity.

Ying Qi (nutrient Qi) circulates in Regular Channels mainly, making 50

cycles per day. In modern terms it can be correlated to the body
metabolic activity.

Yuan Qi (hereditary or congenital Qi) is stored in the kidney, and in

modern terms can be described as genetic information.

1.6.  Electroconductivity of the channels.

According to the reflex theory, between skin and internal organs there
are the interrelations known as cutaneous-visceral and
viscerocutaneous reflexes. The theory of functional systems describes
more complex mechanisms of interaction between various parts of
reflex arches [P.Anokhin, 1985]. Besides the interrelation between
organs and tissues of a body is realized by means of various biologically
active substances, cellular elements, products of a metabolism, electric
signals, etc.

In the theory of TCM and modern pathophysiology they allocate

cutaneous reflexogenic zones on the legs, arms, chest, abdomen and a
back. These zones become active in case of disease of internal organs.
They can be used in the diagnostic and therapeutic purposes (fig. 8 and
11/d).

 
Figure 8.  Reflexogenic zones on the arms and legs as well as on the
trunk.

In accordance with the TCM all mechanisms of interrelations between

cells, tissues and organs are described by the theory of “channels and
collaterals”. The same theory allows to define the disorders and
prescribe therapeutic plan (fig. 9).

Figure 9. Skin heterogeneity and connections between skin and

viscera:

                                                                a) Zones of high functional activity;

                                                                b) Zones of lower functional

activity;

                                                                c) Zones of non-stable functional

activity;
                                                                d) «Indifferent» or «healthy»
regions of skin.

Channels and collaterals belong to the independent regulatory system:

various components of this system are differ by the pathways, depth of
the way, function, pathology and therapy.

The channels have acupoints which provide estimation of the channel

and organ condition as well as therapeutic action on the sick organ (fig.
10).

Figure 10.  Regular channel, secondary vessels and acupoints which

have specific functions.
 

1.7. Measuring and visualization of “AURA” or Wei Qi.

Taking into account TCM theory (chapter 1.5.3), it is possible to

assume, that diffuse conductivity of the skin caused by conducting
properties of intercellular intervals of the skin epithelium, reflects a
condition defensive energy or Wei Qi. This kind of conductivity also
should depend on humidity of a skin and, accordingly, activity of the
sveating glands (fig. 11/b).

In case of development of disease from outside to inside, the so-called

syndrome of Excess of the Tendino-muscular channel or reflexogenic
zones in the beginning is formed.

This syndrome is characterized by the basic signs of an acute

inflammation, i.e. superficial pain, worsened by pressure, local high
sensitivity of skin, hyperaemia (flushing of the skin), local high
temperature in the affected area, local swelling and dysfunction in an
arm or leg (fig 11/a).

A deficiency state of the Tendino – muscular channel or skin zone

develop once an external pathogen has penetrated inside the body, or
because of the development of internal states.

The location of these damaged zones will be as before, but the clinical
manifestations are those characteristic of chronic inflammation or
degenerative symptoms: superficial pain, reduced by pressure, locally
reduced skin sensitivity, paleness of the skin, local low temperature in
the affected area, local reduction in skin turgor, and dysfunction in arm
or leg (fig 11/c).

The syndrome of Excess corresponds with hyperfunctional condition of

reflexogenic zones described by G.Zahar'in and G.Head, [G.Zakhar’in,
1894; G.Head, 1898], and the syndrome of Deficiency corresponds with
hypofunctional condition of reflexogenic zones described by
B.Williamovsky [B.Williamovsky, 1909]. Skin electroconductivity is
increased in site of hyperfunctional zone and is decreased at site of
hypofunctional zones.

The mechanism of change of conductivity at increase or decrease of

functional activity skin reflexogenic zones is schematically submitted on
the figure (fig. 11).

Resistance of a cellular membrane is great enough (especially in

keratose cells) and many times over exceeds conductivity in the
microgaps available between cells. Therefore, it is possible to assume,
that the basic contribution to conductivity of the skin (outside of
acupoints) is brought with conductivity of intercellular gaps. The
balanced interaction between structural and liquid substance of derma
provides an optimum level of electric conductivity (fig. 11/b).

At a syndrome of Excess (the inflammation in a phase of alteration and

exudation) takes place a hypostasis, allocation of inflammatory
transmitters and amplification of microcirculation that is accompanied
by expansion of intercellular intervals and reduction of skin resistance
(fig. 11/a).

At a syndrome of Deficiency processes of an atrophy, replacement of a

normal tissue of derma by connetive tissue components prevail, there
is an infringement of microcirculation and increase of skin resistance
(fig. 11/c).

 
 

Figure 11. Changing the diffuse (intercellular) electroconductivity

in case of various skin reflexogenic zone condition.

S.Kirlian and V.Kirlian (1961) were the first who realized measuring
and visualization of the “AURA” or diffuse electroconductivity.

Later equipment based on Kirlian’s effect were carry out by V.Inushin,

K.Korotkov, Liu Xianzhe, etc. (fig. 12).

 
 

Figure 12. The general scheme of Gas Discharge Visualization (a)

and example of AURA visualization on the finger tips (b) [K.Korotkov,

1998].

            Usually for the diagnostic purposes they investigate a

luminescence (diffuse conductivity) in finger tip area, and then, with
the help of the software the virtual picture of the AURA environmental
persons is formed.

The picture of diffuse skin conductivity can be received and visualized

with the help of AcuVision device too. For this purpose it is necessary
to use rather thin dielectric medium, which does not change the total
conductivity (skin + dielectric) significantly nevertheless providing
effect of a luminescence (fig. 13).

 
  

 
 

Figure 13. Scheme of diffuse luminescence forming on dielectric

medium.

                                                a) skin area which has high conductivity

and bright luminescence,

                                                b) skin area which has norm conductivity

and moderate luminescence,

    c) skin area which has low conductivity and no luminescence,

                                                d) example of the diffuse luminescence at

the site after trauma.

1.8. Measuring and visualization of nutrient Qi or Ying Qi.

It is supposed, that at increase of amount of nutrient energy (Ying Qi)

in the Regular channel there is an increase of its conductivity. Activity
of this deep part of the point is reflected on the conductivity of the
point “channel”, as well as conductivity of the point entrance/exit on
the skin surface (fig. 14).

  
 

  

Figure 14. Diagram of acupoints and Regular channel structure:

correlation between channel and point conductivity and Qi amount.

Measuring the local (point) conductivity usually is carried out by

contact methods. Authors measure different group of the points and
apply various voltage [Y.Nakatani, 1950; R.Voll, 1960; A.Nechushkin,
1974; M.Hyodo, 1975; C.Ionescu-Tirgoviste et al, 1984]. The main
principle of the methods is shown at the picture 15.

 
 

Figure 15. The main scheme of the local (point) conductivity

measuring.

Attempts of visualization of the minimal electric resistance point were

undertaken from the middle of 80th years of the twentieth century
[Lin Xianzhe et al., 1984; G.Abramyan, etc].

Device «AcuVision» is a modern variant of the method which provide

visualization of low electric resistance points [R.Avagyan et al., 1997].

For visualization of the points with local decreased resistance it is

necessary to use rather thick dielectric medium (in comparison with
the dielectric, used for visualization of diffuse intercellular
conductivity), which considerably increases the total resistance which
consists of resistance of the skin as well as dielectric medium.

Above a low electric resistance points of the skin on the dielectric

arises disruption where the highest intensity of the corona discharge is
observed. In the same place on the dielectric the phenomenon of a
luminescence as a bright stain is formed (fig. 16).
  

Figure 16. Scheme of the local luminescence forming on the dielectric

medium.
 

1.9. Diagnostic application of AcuVision device.

On the picture 1 there is a picture of AcuVision-04 device and there is a

front panel of the device on the picture 17.

At realization of diagnostic session of visualization of the low electric

resistance points it is necessary to make the following actions:

1) Both the patient and the operator must be grounded with the help
special electrodes: the grounding electrode of the patient is inserted in
the special jack which is taking place on the front panel of the device,
and the grounding electrode of the operator is inserted in the special
jack which is taking place on the handle of an active electrode.

2) Cover the researched area with a thin dielectric medium, for

example polythene, a cotton fabric (it is better than white color) or a
paper napkin (fig. 18/a).

3) After preparation of the device for work (according to the

instruction) the operator should take an active electrode (diagnostic
terminal) and to switch on the device; thus diodes «READY», «LEVEL»
(two extreme sectors on green indicators of an electrostatic field
intensity) and «PATIENT CURRENT» (a current of the patient) light up.

 
 

Figure 17. Front panel of the AcuVision device.

           

3) The handle «MODULATION» is necessary to turn right in the

extreme position that corresponds to frequency of modulation 80 Hz.

4) Switch off illumination in a room where investigation will be done.

Take an active electrode (diagostic terminal) to researched area of the
patient on distance 100 + 50 mm, press the red button on the terminal
and, adjusting the handle «LEVEL» to achieve occurrence of luminous
points.

5) Scan a researched site of the patient’s body, in regular intervals

moving diagostic terminal on identical distance from a researched
surface. Acupoints taking place in a condition of Excess will have the
maximal brightness of a luminescence and largest diameter (fig. 16 and
18).

6) After end of research release the red button on diagostic terminal

(deenergizing of the high-voltage discharge) and switch off a power of
the device.

 
 

Figure 18. Method of the point vizualization (a) and example of

vizualization (b).

1.10. The diagnostic criteria used at visualization of points.

After realization of the acupoint visualization session it is necessary to

estimate the received results correctly. For a tentative estimation it is
recommended to use the following criteria:

(1) localization of acupoints and their connection with the certain

channels and organs,

(2) functional condition: brightness and duration of a luminescence.

1) Localization of the visualized points.

For the doctor who has some experience in acupuncture it is easy

enough to define visualised acupoints. Using the special atlas, one may
specify the name of luminous points and their conformity to any
channel or organ (fig. 19).

In connection with that the device visualises any points having lowered
resistance for identification of these points it is necessary to use atlases
of channel, extrachannel, new and auricular points as well as the points
described by doctors R.Voll, Park Jae Woo (Su Jok) and other authors.

Figure 19. An example of the point visualization: lymphatic point (by

R.Voll).

2) Brightness and duration of a luminescence.

As it was already marked above, diagnostic criterion at visualization of

points are brightness (and the size) a luminous point, and also time of
its luminescence. These recommendations are based on the
experimental data showing, that the size of conducting site of the skin
in acupoint area depends on a Qi level: at a phenomenon of Excess the
size conducting window is increased, and at lack of energy (Deficiency)
it decreases [A.Podshibiakin, 1960; Ionescu-Tirgoviste, 1984].

When a size of electroconducting stain increases conductivity of the

point accordingly brightness and duration of a luminescence raises
simultaneously (fig. 16).

3) The additional criterion, allowing to estimate a functional condition

of points (Excess or Deficiency), is comparison of results of visualization
at use of positive and negative electrodes.
 

Presumably, diagnostic terminal of red color (positive) allows

visualization of the points which are taking place in a condition of
Excess, and diagnostic terminal of dark blue color (negative) allows
visualization of the points which are taking place in a condition of
Deficiency (fig. 20). This assumption is based on results of experiments
in which it was shown, that in the field of a acupoint the semi-
conductor effect takes place [D.Parmenkov, 1970].

Figure 20. Scheme of the point visualization by means of positive and

negative electrodes.

The points which are in Excess condition conduct an electric current

(electrons) from outside to inside, that promotes reduction of their
activity and effect of sedation.

The points which are in Deficiency condition conduct an electric

current (electrons) from inside to outside, that promotes increasing
their activity and effect of stimulation.
           

This statement will be coordinated to results of the majority of the

authors using electrotherapy or electropuncture. It is established, that
in a place of the negative electrode the effect of increase of excitability
of cells is marked, and in a place of the positive electrode the effect of
sedation of cells is marked [G.Portnov, 1987].

Thus, on a condition of points and channels, there is a change of an

orientation of the least electric resistance and the size of conducting
site of a skin in the field of an exit of a point on a surface of a body.

The quick version of an estimation assumes simple revealing the

channel along which a lot of points (Excess) or the least (Deficiency)
amount of luminous points are observed.

The revealed points may be used both in diagnostic, and in the

therapeutic purposes. Thus on them it is possible to apply tonic
method in case of Deficiency or sedation method in case of Excess:
they may use massage, needles, moxibustion as well as various
apparatus methods such as air-ion, electrotherapy, laser, EHF-therapy,
etc.

*                              *                              *

 
 

 
 

Figure 21. Typical examples of acupoints visualization:

  a) Ear of the living man d) Ear of the corpse

  b) Back of the living man hand e) AcuPoints on the banana

  c) Back of the living man foot f) AcuPoints on the leaf.

  

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