A) The Haitian Revolution took place in the France’s most lucrative

colony of Saint Domingue. There were 3 main social classes

that made up the colony. The upper class was made up of

wealthy planters, known as grand blancs. The middle class

was made up of a small population of free people of African

heritage called gen de couleur and a group of white French

professionals called the petits blancs. The lower class was the

largest class and was made up of the enslaved Africans that

worked in the colony. Acrobatiq. (2017)

When ideas from the Enlightenment thinkers came from

revolutionary France, many people in Saint Domingue

embraced them. The petits blancs and gens de couleur

together began to agitate for political rights and equalities after

the calling of the Estates-General in 1789 France. When the

French National Assembly granted political rights to the gens

de couleur, the grand blancs were joined by the white middle

class in opposing this transformation. Acrobatiq. (2017)

In 1791 the focus of the revolution shifted to the slaves that

began to demand rights. They began to organize themselves

into groups and by the end of 1791 about half of the enslaved
 Africans on the island had freed themselves. In 1794 the

National Convention, voted to outlaw slavery in the French

colonies and claimed all men to be fully equal under the law.

After having resisted Spanish and British armies followed by

defeating Napoleon the victors declared the new Republic of

Haiti. After the Haitian Revolution, slave societies such as the

United States didn’t like hearing the stories of the black armies

defeating the white armies in battle because it undermined the

myth of white superiority that they depended on to justify their

power. Acrobatiq. (2017)

B) Early industrialization made working conditions very harsh.

Workers were forced to work about 50 % more hours that

previous workers had to. They worked in places of harsh

punishments and dangerous practices. Children often were

forced to work and many workers died from injuries suffered on

the job. Socialism was one of the key responses to the low

wages and poor work conditions for workers. Acrobatiq. (2017)

Socialism is based on the idea they the workers should own

and have control of the factories and means of production.

 Some factory owners reformed their factories to reduce hours,

build good housing and provide better working conditions for

their workers. Acrobatiq. (2017)

Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels came up with the most

significant strand of socialism, the theory of Marxism. They

believed that the working classes were made valuable through

their labor, yet they remained powerless. All while the class of

owners with capital controlled all the resources. Marx called for

the laborers to seize the power and revolt against the upper

and middle classes. Acrobatiq. (2017)

C) With industrialization came lots of changes both good and bad.

Power machines were created which created many new jobs

and opportunities. The use of water-powered machines and a

coal-powered steam engine provided an increase in the

production speed of good and provided new ways to transport

raw materials. Acrobatiq. (2017)

With these changes also came urbanization. People wanted to

move closer to the factories they worked at. Many people

moved from rural areas to urban cities. This however caused

problems with there being overpopulation in cities. Living

conditions were dirty and unhealthy because of the

overcrowding and there not being any kind of sanitation codes.

As a result many people got very sick and died because of the

conditions. Acrobatiq. (2017)

The family dynamic changed quite a bit as well. Many women

and children went to work in factories because they paid more

than other women’s jobs and because the wages of the men

couldn’t cover the needs of the family. Because of this the

large, extended family broke up, and the small nuclear family

became more important economically and socially. Acrobatiq.

(2017)
Acrobatiq. (2017). Survey of world history. Retrieved

from https://wgunx.acrobatiq.com/courseware/contents/wh_apr14