Table 1.

Hardening Soil parameters

Model in Plaxis 2D
Clay
Layer 1&4 Layer 2
Parameter Unit
Dr=65% Dr=45%
ref 3000
E ( pref =100 kPa)
50 kN/m2 33000 23000
ref 9000
E ( pref =100 kPa) kN/m2
ur 104000 72000
ref 3000
E ( pref =100 kPa) kN/m2
oed 33000 23000
c’ kN/m2 0 0 10
' 27
φ ° 36 33
ψ ° 7 3 1
ur - 0.2 0.2 0.2
m - 0.5 0.5 1
K0nc - 0.41 0.46 0.55
R f [-] - 0.9 0.9 0.9

Table 2. HSsmall soil model parameters for sands

Equation Layer 1&4 Layer 2 Clay

Dr=65% Dr=45%

Eref 2
50 =60000 Dr /100 [kN/m ]
36000 25000 3000
(adopted)
ref 36000 25000 3000
E =60000 Dr /100 [kN/m 2]
oed
(adopted)
ref 108000 75000 9000
E =180000 Dr /100 [kN/m 2]
ur
(adopted)
ref 100000 90000 64000
G =60000+ 68000 Dr /100 [kN/
0

m 2]
(adopted)
m=0.7−Dr /320 [-] 0.5 0.56 1
γ 0.7 =( 2−Dr /100 ) ∙ 10−4 [-] 1.35E-4 1.55E-4 5.00E-4

φ ' =28+12.5 Dr / 100 [°] 36 33 27

(adopted)
ψ=−2+12.5 Dr /100 [°] 7 3 1
(adopted)
R f =1−Dr /800 [-] 0.92 0.94 0.90

Table 3. Hardening Soil parameters

Model in Plaxis 2D
Clay
Layer 1&4 Layer 2
Parameter Unit
Dr=65% Dr=45%
 Eref
50 ( pref =100 kPa) kN/m
2
33000 23000 3000

Eref
ur ( pref =100 kPa) kN/m
2
104000 72000 9000

Eref
oed ( pref =100 kPa) kN/m
2
33000 23000 3000
2
c’ kN/m 0 0 10
' 27
φ ° 36 33
ψ ° 7 3 1
ur - 0.2 0.2 0.2
m - 0.5 0.5 1
K0nc - 0.41 0.46 0.55
R f [-] - 0.9 0.9 0.9

Table 4. HSsmall soil model parameters for sands

Equation Layer 1&4 Layer 2 Clay

Dr=65% Dr=45%

Eref 2
50 =60000 Dr /100 [kN/m ]
36000 25000 3000
(adopted)
ref 36000 25000 3000
E =60000 Dr /100 [kN/m 2]
oed
(adopted)
ref 108000 75000 9000
E =180000 Dr /100 [kN/m 2]
ur
(adopted)
ref 100000 90000 64000
G =60000+ 68000 Dr /100 [kN/
0

m 2]
(adopted)
m=0.7−Dr /320 [-] 0.5 0.56 1
γ 0.7 =( 2−Dr /100 ) ∙ 10−4 [-] 1.35E-4 1.55E-4 5.00E-4

φ ' =28+12.5 Dr / 100 [°] 36 33 27

(adopted)
ψ=−2+12.5 Dr /100 [°] 7 3 1
(adopted)
R f =1−Dr /800 [-] 0.92 0.94 0.90

Table 5. Hardening Soil parameters

Model in Plaxis 2D
Clay
Layer 1&4 Layer 2
Parameter Unit
Dr=65% Dr=45%
ref 3000
E ( pref =100 kPa) kN/m
50
2
33000 23000
ref 9000
E ( pref =100 kPa) kN/m2
ur 104000 72000
ref 3000
E ( pref =100 kPa) kN/m2
oed 33000 23000
2
c’ kN/m 0 0 10
' 27
φ ° 36 33
 ψ ° 7 3 1
ur - 0.2 0.2 0.2
m - 0.5 0.5 1
K0nc - 0.41 0.46 0.55
R f [-] - 0.9 0.9 0.9

Table 6. HSsmall soil model parameters for sands

Equation Layer 1&4 Layer 2 Clay

Dr=65% Dr=45%

Eref 2
50 =60000 Dr /100 [kN/m ]
36000 25000 3000
(adopted)
Eref 2
oed =60000 Dr /100 [kN/m ]
36000 25000 3000
(adopted)
Eref 2
ur =180000 Dr /100 [kN/m ]
108000 75000 9000
(adopted)
ref 100000 90000 64000
G =60000+ 68000 Dr /100 [kN/
0

m 2]
(adopted)
m=0.7−Dr /320 [-] 0.5 0.56 1
γ 0.7 =( 2−Dr /100 ) ∙ 10−4 [-] 1.35E-4 1.55E-4 5.00E-4

φ ' =28+12.5 Dr / 100 [°] 36 33 27

(adopted)
ψ=−2+12.5 Dr /100 [°] 7 3 1
(adopted)
R f =1−Dr /800 [-] 0.92 0.94 0.90

Table 7. Hardening Soil parameters

Model in Plaxis 2D
Clay
Layer 1&4 Layer 2
Parameter Unit
Dr=65% Dr=45%
ref 3000
E ( pref =100 kPa) kN/m
50
2
33000 23000
ref 9000
E ( pref =100 kPa) kN/m2
ur 104000 72000
ref 3000
E ( pref =100 kPa) kN/m2
oed 33000 23000
2
c’ kN/m 0 0 10
' 27
φ ° 36 33
ψ ° 7 3 1
ur - 0.2 0.2 0.2
m - 0.5 0.5 1
K0nc - 0.41 0.46 0.55
R f [-] - 0.9 0.9 0.9
 Table 8. HSsmall soil model parameters for sands

Equation Layer 1&4 Layer 2 Clay

Dr=65% Dr=45%
ref 36000 25000 3000
E =60000 Dr /100 [kN/m2]
50
(adopted)
ref 36000 25000 3000
E =60000 Dr /100 [kN/m 2]
oed
(adopted)
ref 108000 75000 9000
E =180000 Dr /100 [kN/m 2]
ur
(adopted)
ref 100000 90000 64000
G =60000+ 68000 Dr /100 [kN/
0

m 2]
(adopted)
m=0.7−Dr /320 [-] 0.5 0.56 1
γ 0.7 =( 2−Dr /100 ) ∙ 10−4 [-] 1.35E-4 1.55E-4 5.00E-4

φ ' =28+12.5 Dr / 100 [°] 36 33 27

(adopted)
ψ=−2+12.5 Dr /100 [°] 7 3 1
(adopted)
R f =1−Dr /800 [-] 0.92 0.94 0.90

Table 9. Hardening Soil parameters

Model in Plaxis 2D
Clay
Layer 1&4 Layer 2
Parameter Unit
Dr=65% Dr=45%
ref 3000
E ( pref =100 kPa) kN/m
50
2
33000 23000
ref 9000
E ( pref =100 kPa) kN/m2
ur 104000 72000
ref 3000
E ( pref =100 kPa) kN/m2
oed 33000 23000
2
c’ kN/m 0 0 10
' 27
φ ° 36 33
ψ ° 7 3 1
ur - 0.2 0.2 0.2
m - 0.5 0.5 1
K0nc - 0.41 0.46 0.55
R f [-] - 0.9 0.9 0.9

Table 10. HSsmall soil model parameters for sands

Equation Layer 1&4 Layer 2 Clay

Dr=65% Dr=45%

Eref 2
50 =60000 Dr /100 [kN/m ]
36000 25000 3000
 (adopted)
ref 36000 25000 3000
E =60000 Dr /100 [kN/m 2]
oed
(adopted)
Eref 2
ur =180000 Dr /100 [kN/m ]
108000 75000 9000
(adopted)
Gref
0 =60000+ 68000 Dr /100 [kN/
100000 90000 64000

m 2]
(adopted)
m=0.7−Dr /320 [-] 0.5 0.56 1
γ 0.7 =( 2−Dr /100 ) ∙ 10−4 [-] 1.35E-4 1.55E-4 5.00E-4

φ ' =28+12.5 Dr / 100 [°] 36 33 27

(adopted)
ψ=−2+12.5 Dr /100 [°] 7 3 1
(adopted)
R f =1−Dr /800 [-] 0.92 0.94 0.90

Table 11. Hardening Soil parameters

Model in Plaxis 2D
Clay
Layer 1&4 Layer 2
Parameter Unit
Dr=65% Dr=45%
ref 3000
E ( pref =100 kPa)
50 kN/m2 33000 23000
ref 9000
E ( pref =100 kPa) kN/m2
ur 104000 72000
ref 3000
E ( pref =100 kPa) kN/m2
oed 33000 23000
c’ kN/m2 0 0 10
' 27
φ ° 36 33
ψ ° 7 3 1
ur - 0.2 0.2 0.2
m - 0.5 0.5 1
K0nc - 0.41 0.46 0.55
R f [-] - 0.9 0.9 0.9

Table 12. HSsmall soil model parameters for sands

Equation Layer 1&4 Layer 2 Clay

Dr=65% Dr=45%

Eref 2
50 =60000 Dr /100 [kN/m ]
36000 25000 3000
(adopted)
ref 36000 25000 3000
E =60000 Dr /100 [kN/m 2]
oed
(adopted)
ref 108000 75000 9000
E =180000 Dr /100 [kN/m 2]
ur
(adopted)
ref 100000 90000 64000
G =60000+ 68000 Dr /100 [kN/
0
 m 2]
(adopted)
m=0.7−Dr /320 [-] 0.5 0.56 1
γ 0.7 =( 2−Dr /100 ) ∙ 10−4 [-] 1.35E-4 1.55E-4 5.00E-4

φ ' =28+12.5 Dr / 100 [°] 36 33 27

(adopted)
ψ=−2+12.5 Dr /100 [°] 7 3 1
(adopted)
R f =1−Dr /800 [-] 0.92 0.94 0.90

Table 13. Hardening Soil parameters

Model in Plaxis 2D
Clay
Layer 1&4 Layer 2
Parameter Unit
Dr=65% Dr=45%
ref 3000
E ( pref =100 kPa)
50 kN/m2 33000 23000
ref 9000
E ( pref =100 kPa) kN/m2
ur 104000 72000
ref 3000
E ( pref =100 kPa) kN/m2
oed 33000 23000
c’ kN/m2 0 0 10
' 27
φ ° 36 33
ψ ° 7 3 1
ur - 0.2 0.2 0.2
m - 0.5 0.5 1
K0nc - 0.41 0.46 0.55
R f [-] - 0.9 0.9 0.9

Table 14. HSsmall soil model parameters for sands

Equation Layer 1&4 Layer 2 Clay

Dr=65% Dr=45%

Eref 2
50 =60000 Dr /100 [kN/m ]
36000 25000 3000
(adopted)
ref 36000 25000 3000
E =60000 Dr /100 [kN/m 2]
oed
(adopted)
ref 108000 75000 9000
E =180000 Dr /100 [kN/m 2]
ur
(adopted)
ref 100000 90000 64000
G =60000+ 68000 Dr /100 [kN/
0
m 2]
(adopted)
m=0.7−Dr /320 [-] 0.5 0.56 1
γ 0.7 =( 2−Dr /100 ) ∙ 10−4 [-] 1.35E-4 1.55E-4 5.00E-4
 φ ' =28+12.5 Dr / 100 [°] 36 33 27
(adopted)
ψ=−2+12.5 Dr /100 [°] 7 3 1
(adopted)
R f =1−Dr /800 [-] 0.92 0.94 0.90

Table 15. Hardening Soil parameters

Model in Plaxis 2D
Clay
Layer 1&4 Layer 2
Parameter Unit
Dr=65% Dr=45%
ref 3000
E ( pref =100 kPa) kN/m
50
2
33000 23000
ref 9000
E ( pref =100 kPa) kN/m2
ur 104000 72000
ref 3000
E ( pref =100 kPa) kN/m2
oed 33000 23000
2
c’ kN/m 0 0 10
' 27
φ ° 36 33
ψ ° 7 3 1
ur - 0.2 0.2 0.2
m - 0.5 0.5 1
K0nc - 0.41 0.46 0.55
R f [-] - 0.9 0.9 0.9

Table 16. HSsmall soil model parameters for sands

Equation Layer 1&4 Layer 2 Clay

Dr=65% Dr=45%

Eref 2
50 =60000 Dr /100 [kN/m ]
36000 25000 3000
(adopted)
Eref 2
oed =60000 Dr /100 [kN/m ]
36000 25000 3000
(adopted)
Eref 2
ur =180000 Dr /100 [kN/m ]
108000 75000 9000
(adopted)
G ref
0 =60000+ 68000 Dr /100 [kN/
100000 90000 64000

m 2]
(adopted)
m=0.7−Dr /320 [-] 0.5 0.56 1
γ 0.7 =( 2−Dr /100 ) ∙ 10−4 [-] 1.35E-4 1.55E-4 5.00E-4

φ ' =28+12.5 Dr / 100 [°] 36 33 27

(adopted)
ψ=−2+12.5 Dr /100 [°] 7 3 1
(adopted)
R f =1−Dr /800 [-] 0.92 0.94 0.90
 Table 17. Hardening Soil parameters
Model in Plaxis 2D
Clay
Layer 1&4 Layer 2
Parameter Unit
Dr=65% Dr=45%
ref 3000
E ( pref =100 kPa) kN/m
50
2
33000 23000
ref 9000
E ( pref =100 kPa) kN/m2
ur 104000 72000
ref 3000
E ( pref =100 kPa) kN/m2
oed 33000 23000
2
c’ kN/m 0 0 10
' 27
φ ° 36 33
ψ ° 7 3 1
ur - 0.2 0.2 0.2
m - 0.5 0.5 1
K0nc - 0.41 0.46 0.55
R f [-] - 0.9 0.9 0.9

Table 18. HSsmall soil model parameters for sands

Equation Layer 1&4 Layer 2 Clay

Dr=65% Dr=45%

Eref 2
50 =60000 Dr /100 [kN/m ]
36000 25000 3000
(adopted)
Eref 2
oed =60000 Dr /100 [kN/m ]
36000 25000 3000
(adopted)
ref 108000 75000 9000
E =180000 Dr /100 [kN/m 2]
ur
(adopted)
ref 100000 90000 64000
G =60000+ 68000 Dr /100 [kN/
0

m 2]
(adopted)
m=0.7−Dr /320 [-] 0.5 0.56 1
γ 0.7 =( 2−Dr /100 ) ∙ 10−4 [-] 1.35E-4 1.55E-4 5.00E-4

φ ' =28+12.5 Dr / 100 [°] 36 33 27

(adopted)
ψ=−2+12.5 Dr /100 [°] 7 3 1
(adopted)
R f =1−Dr /800 [-] 0.92 0.94 0.90

Table 19. Hardening Soil parameters

Model in Plaxis 2D
Clay
Layer 1&4 Layer 2
Parameter Unit
Dr=65% Dr=45%
Eref
50 ( pref =100 kPa) kN/m
2
33000 23000 3000
 Eref
ur ( pref =100 kPa) kN/m
2
104000 72000 9000

Eref
oed ( pref =100 kPa) kN/m
2
33000 23000 3000
c’ kN/m2 0 0 10
' 27
φ ° 36 33
ψ ° 7 3 1
ur - 0.2 0.2 0.2
m - 0.5 0.5 1
K0nc - 0.41 0.46 0.55
R f [-] - 0.9 0.9 0.9

Table 20. HSsmall soil model parameters for sands

Equation Layer 1&4 Layer 2 Clay

Dr=65% Dr=45%

Eref 2
50 =60000 Dr /100 [kN/m ]
36000 25000 3000
(adopted)
ref 36000 25000 3000
E =60000 Dr /100 [kN/m 2]
oed
(adopted)
ref 108000 75000 9000
E =180000 Dr /100 [kN/m 2]
ur
(adopted)
ref 100000 90000 64000
G =60000+ 68000 Dr /100 [kN/
0

m 2]
(adopted)
m=0.7−Dr /320 [-] 0.5 0.56 1
γ 0.7 =( 2−Dr /100 ) ∙ 10−4 [-] 1.35E-4 1.55E-4 5.00E-4

φ ' =28+12.5 Dr / 100 [°] 36 33 27

(adopted)
ψ=−2+12.5 Dr /100 [°] 7 3 1
(adopted)
R f =1−Dr /800 [-] 0.92 0.94 0.90

Table 21. Hardening Soil parameters

Model in Plaxis 2D
Clay
Layer 1&4 Layer 2
Parameter Unit
Dr=65% Dr=45%
ref 3000
E ( pref =100 kPa) kN/m
50
2
33000 23000
ref 9000
E ( pref =100 kPa) kN/m2
ur 104000 72000
ref 3000
E ( pref =100 kPa) kN/m2
oed 33000 23000
2
c’ kN/m 0 0 10
' 27
φ ° 36 33
ψ ° 7 3 1
 ur - 0.2 0.2 0.2
m - 0.5 0.5 1
K0nc - 0.41 0.46 0.55
R f [-] - 0.9 0.9 0.9

Table 22. HSsmall soil model parameters for sands

Equation Layer 1&4 Layer 2 Clay

Dr=65% Dr=45%

Eref 2
50 =60000 Dr /100 [kN/m ]
36000 25000 3000
(adopted)
ref 36000 25000 3000
E =60000 Dr /100 [kN/m 2]
oed
(adopted)
ref 108000 75000 9000
E =180000 Dr /100 [kN/m 2]
ur
(adopted)
ref 100000 90000 64000
G =60000+ 68000 Dr /100 [kN/
0

m 2]
(adopted)
m=0.7−Dr /320 [-] 0.5 0.56 1
γ 0.7 =( 2−Dr /100 ) ∙ 10−4 [-] 1.35E-4 1.55E-4 5.00E-4

φ ' =28+12.5 Dr / 100 [°] 36 33 27

(adopted)
ψ=−2+12.5 Dr /100 [°] 7 3 1
(adopted)
R f =1−Dr /800 [-] 0.92 0.94 0.90

Table 23. Hardening Soil parameters

Model in Plaxis 2D
Clay
Layer 1&4 Layer 2
Parameter Unit
Dr=65% Dr=45%
Eref
50 ( pref =100 kPa) kN/m
2
33000 23000 3000

Eref
ur ( pref =100 kPa) kN/m
2
104000 72000 9000

Eref
oed ( pref =100 kPa) kN/m
2
33000 23000 3000
c’ kN/m2 0 0 10
' 27
φ ° 36 33
ψ ° 7 3 1
ur - 0.2 0.2 0.2
m - 0.5 0.5 1
K0nc - 0.41 0.46 0.55
R f [-] - 0.9 0.9 0.9
 Table 24. HSsmall soil model parameters for sands

Equation Layer 1&4 Layer 2 Clay

Dr=65% Dr=45%
ref 36000 25000 3000
E =60000 Dr /100 [kN/m2]
50
(adopted)
ref 36000 25000 3000
E =60000 Dr /100 [kN/m 2]
oed
(adopted)
ref 108000 75000 9000
E =180000 Dr /100 [kN/m 2]
ur
(adopted)
ref 100000 90000 64000
G =60000+ 68000 Dr /100 [kN/
0

m 2]
(adopted)
m=0.7−Dr /320 [-] 0.5 0.56 1
γ 0.7 =( 2−Dr /100 ) ∙ 10−4 [-] 1.35E-4 1.55E-4 5.00E-4

φ ' =28+12.5 Dr / 100 [°] 36 33 27

(adopted)
ψ=−2+12.5 Dr /100 [°] 7 3 1
(adopted)
R f =1−Dr /800 [-] 0.92 0.94 0.90

Table 25. Hardening Soil parameters

Model in Plaxis 2D
Clay
Layer 1&4 Layer 2
Parameter Unit
Dr=65% Dr=45%
ref 3000
E ( pref =100 kPa) kN/m
50
2
33000 23000
ref 9000
E ( pref =100 kPa) kN/m2
ur 104000 72000
ref 3000
E ( pref =100 kPa) kN/m2
oed 33000 23000
2
c’ kN/m 0 0 10
' 27
φ ° 36 33
ψ ° 7 3 1
ur - 0.2 0.2 0.2
m - 0.5 0.5 1
K0nc - 0.41 0.46 0.55
R f [-] - 0.9 0.9 0.9

Table 26. HSsmall soil model parameters for sands

Equation Layer 1&4 Layer 2 Clay

Dr=65% Dr=45%

Eref 2
50 =60000 Dr /100 [kN/m ]
36000 25000 3000
 (adopted)
ref 36000 25000 3000
E =60000 Dr /100 [kN/m 2]
oed
(adopted)
Eref 2
ur =180000 Dr /100 [kN/m ]
108000 75000 9000
(adopted)
Gref
0 =60000+ 68000 Dr /100 [kN/
100000 90000 64000

m 2]
(adopted)
m=0.7−Dr /320 [-] 0.5 0.56 1
γ 0.7 =( 2−Dr /100 ) ∙ 10−4 [-] 1.35E-4 1.55E-4 5.00E-4

φ ' =28+12.5 Dr / 100 [°] 36 33 27

(adopted)
ψ=−2+12.5 Dr /100 [°] 7 3 1
(adopted)
R f =1−Dr /800 [-] 0.92 0.94 0.90

Table 27. Hardening Soil parameters

Model in Plaxis 2D
Clay
Layer 1&4 Layer 2
Parameter Unit
Dr=65% Dr=45%
ref 3000
E ( pref =100 kPa)
50 kN/m2 33000 23000
ref 9000
E ( pref =100 kPa) kN/m2
ur 104000 72000
ref 3000
E ( pref =100 kPa) kN/m2
oed 33000 23000
c’ kN/m2 0 0 10
' 27
φ ° 36 33
ψ ° 7 3 1
ur - 0.2 0.2 0.2
m - 0.5 0.5 1
K0nc - 0.41 0.46 0.55
R f [-] - 0.9 0.9 0.9

Table 28. HSsmall soil model parameters for sands

Equation Layer 1&4 Layer 2 Clay

Dr=65% Dr=45%

Eref 2
50 =60000 Dr /100 [kN/m ]
36000 25000 3000
(adopted)
ref 36000 25000 3000
E =60000 Dr /100 [kN/m 2]
oed
(adopted)
ref 108000 75000 9000
E =180000 Dr /100 [kN/m 2]
ur
(adopted)
ref 100000 90000 64000
G =60000+ 68000 Dr /100 [kN/
0
 m 2]
(adopted)
m=0.7−Dr /320 [-] 0.5 0.56 1
γ 0.7 =( 2−Dr /100 ) ∙ 10−4 [-] 1.35E-4 1.55E-4 5.00E-4

φ ' =28+12.5 Dr / 100 [°] 36 33 27

(adopted)
ψ=−2+12.5 Dr /100 [°] 7 3 1
(adopted)
R f =1−Dr /800 [-] 0.92 0.94 0.90