NON-EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH

 Non-experimental research design is one of the broad categories of research designs, in

which the researcher observes the phenomena as they occur naturally, and no external
variables are introduced.
 It is a research design in which variables are not deliberately manipulated, nor is the
setting controlled.
 In non-experimental research, researchers collect data without making changes or
introducing treatments.

DESCRIPTIVE RESEARCH DESIGN

 Descriptive designs are used to observe, document, and describe a phenomenon

occurring in its natural setting without any manipulation or control.
 The descriptive studies are designed to gain more information about characteristics
within a particular field in the real world.
 Descriptive studies provide an impression of a situation as it occurs in natural settings.
 Descriptive studies do not involve the manipulation of variables, and variables are
studies as they exist in the real world.

SURVEY RESEARCH DESIGN

 Survey research designs are procedures in quantitative research in which investigators

administer a survey to a sample or to the entire population of people to describe the
attitudes, opinions, behaviors, or characteristics of the population.
 In this procedure, survey researchers collect quantitative, numbered data using
questionnaires (e.g., mailed questionnaires) or interviews (e.g., one-on-one interviews)
and statistically analyze the data to describe trends about responses to questions and to
test research questions or hypotheses.