COLUMBAN COLLEGE, INC.

#1 Mt. Apo St., New Asinan, Olongapo City, Philippines 2200

Tel. Nos. (047) 222-3329, 224-1581-82; Fax No.Manual
Student (047) 222-7782
is to give awareness and to understand
JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL BASIC the
EDUCATION DEPARTMENT
rules and regulations in order to have a discipline
practices, to guide in acceptable behavior, for the
JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS’ AWARENESS OF THE
school`s safety PROVISIONS
environment IN learning
and productive THE
STUDENT MANUAL AS BASIS FOR THE EFFECTIVE IMPLEMENTATION OF RULES
AND REGULATIONS
Ysabelle Anonat, Arahbella Baylon, Jomel Paguio, Hannah Nieto, Archiel Quisay
Columban College, Inc., Olongapo City, Philippines

Abstract

Molding a child’s upbringing is one of the essentials in

education which requires serious attention in order for
them to acquire high standards of respect towards
other people regardless of age, profession and culture;
to have a better understanding in the laws of the school
and to apply in one’s daily life with pure integrity and
courage. This research provides accurate data on how
conscious are the students in the rules and regulations
of the school corresponding to the student manual. The
data was gathered through survey questionnaires that
was disseminated into selected respondents from
Grade 7 to Grade 10. The data was conducted to know
the level of awareness of the respondents in regards to
the school policies. The findings of this study indicate
that the students' awareness towards the institutional
guidelines are somewhat aware, leaving them oblivious
of the consequences they will encounter conceding that
they commit the said violations repeatedly. In this case,
those who are authorized personnels inside the school
should take responsibility in correcting mishaps in the
student's socialization etiquette.
Keywords:
child, rules and regulations, institution, school,
awareness, authorized personnel, student/s
environment of the students. According to Kamau and
Njenga (2009), indiscipline blocks the effectiveness of
the implementation of the school rules.
The lack of discipline of the students in schools is a
global issue of great concern, traversing political,
economic, geographical, racial and even gender
boundaries (Kajubi, 2007). One of the articles written
by Dalumpines (2011) entitled ‘Classroom Discipline:
Causes of Disciplinary Problems’ stated that if school
polices and the other institutional practices are not
properly observed and followed, it is possible for a
student to develop bad behavior that leads them to
become careless about the school policies and
regulations. As of Gottfredson (1989), Students don’t
follow the school policies because the teachers and the
admin themselves neglect the law. They lack of
enforcing the rules that leads the students to
misbehave. Teaching methods in schools within the
United Arab Emirates were blamed because children
lack of discipline (Mukharjee, 2005). The approach of
the teachers to the students also affects the discipline of
the students. Lewis et. al (2005) reveals that students’
misbehavior and the aggressive strategy of the teachers
have a connection to each other.

The relationship with student academic performance

INTRODUCTION and school discipline is getting worse by the day for all
societies (Mwangi, 2003). Ehiane (2014) stated that the
behavior of the students had some effects to their
Discipline is an integral part in education. The academic performance. The survey conducted by
acquisition of learning depends on how proper McGregory (2006) points out that the indiscipline of the
discipline is being developed in school. Sheets and Gay, students caused deterioration in academic
(1996) stated that discipline, as one of the most performance. Together with academic performance,
important concerns in school requires through school discipline ranks as one of the major concerns by
consideration and attention. Students’ discipline is the public about schools and the school system in
essential to almost everything a school has to offer countries worldwide.
students (McGregory, 2006). The purpose of the

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 The conflict about misbehavior continually implementation of rules and regulations. In countries
grows as the teachers struggles to maintain order and like Nigeria and Kenya, students’ perception regarding
the authorities cannot maintain the safety of the student manual has an effect to their behavior. There
students (Mutua, 2004). Njoku (2000) argued that the are also studies that states the connection between the
issue about wanton destruction of properties and lives approach of the teachers to the students affects their
lost increases because of a wave of indiscipline. perception to rules and regulations. On the whole,
Because of the rising incidents of indiscipline and knowing the reason behind the misbehavior of the
violence in schools, the parents were getting frustrated students is essential however, it is needed to
as they complain about the issue. Temitayo, et al. strengthen the enforcement of school rules.
(2013) emphasized that school institutions are The significance of this study is to help schools
preparatory grounds that promote and assure the understand and determine the factors affecting the
necessities for the development of individuals. In order student’s disciplinary management and to find an
to achieve the productive functioning of the school, the alternative method in cultivating students without
administration should have the authority to direct the afflicting one’s mental or emotional health.
conduct of the students, specifically the erring ones,
through acceptable rules and regulations. Once these
rules and regulations are made, they must be
implemented to solve the problems.
Framework of the Study
This study aims to find out the connection
between awareness to student manual and committing
violations against rules and regulations. Based on an
article that was being made by Delta Highschool, the
policies and procedures contained in the student
manual are the result of a concerted effort on the part
of the staff and administration of the school. A study
conducted by Duckworth and Seligman (2005) implies The figure above shows the independent variable as
that a major reason for students falling short of their
the perceptions of the students in regards to school
intellectual potential is because of their failure to
exercise self-discipline. An information has been rules and regulations. The dependent variable shows
carefully prepared and presented so that it will be of the offenses committed by the students. This study
great value in helping a student. It also aims to establish therefore investigates the relationship between the
the importance of the student in resolving concerns on independent variable and the dependent one. It enables
discipline. to analyze the interconnection between the awareness
of the students about the school policies and the
There had been many studies conducted about
offenses that have been carried out. It also tackles
student behavior and discipline. Some studies
concluded that the aggressive strategy of the teachers about the consequences of the offenses may lead the
have a connection to the misbehavior of the students. students to be aware regarding the rules and
Others say that if school polices are not well being regulations.
practiced, this could lead carelessness in regards the
rules and regulations. There was also a study conducted
that states the significant relationship between Research Questions
indiscipline and failure in academic performance of
students. However, this study only focuses between In order to find out the relationship between school
ignorance to school policies and student behavior. The
policies and offenses committed by the students, this
destruction that could be done due to indiscipline of
students alarms the parents. This issue therefore study posits and answers the following research
remains to be uncleared. questions:
1. How many offenses did the respondents
The lack of enforcing discipline to the students committed in the past 8 months?
will affect their professional efficiency. Due to the 2. To what extent is the awareness of the
alarming state of the behavior of the students students to the school discipline and, rules and
nowadays, school institutions seek awareness in the
regulations provided by the student manual?
student manual as basis for the effective

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 3. Is there a significant relationship between other respondents violated in the past 8 months. We
awareness to school rules and regulations and divided the questionnaire into two parts. The first part
violations committed by the respondents? investigates about the kinds of offenses committed by
the respondents. The second part recognizes the level
of awareness of the respondents regarding the school
rules and regulations that is clearly stated in the
METHODOLOGY student manual.

A. Research Design D. Data Gathering Procedure

This study used a quantitative non- This study was anticipated to lubricate the
experimental correlational research in order to process of gathering data by the use of survey
examine the relationship between awareness into the questionnaires. Survey is an attempt to gather
rules and regulations and the offenses committed by information from a group or set of a population in order
the students. Correlational research is used to relate to to identify the current status with respect to one or
the opposing relative; without manipulation, control more variables (Gall, Borg & Gall, 2003). According to
groups and random assignments between and among Kajubi (2007), this kind of design was suitable for this
variables at the present point in time. Quantitative non- study because it is expected to gather exact data
experimental was used to quantify and examine the collection by using questionnaires. The use
relationship between offenses committed (dependent questionnaires give accurate and reliable data to a
variable) and the student manual awareness complicated problem therefore it is the most effective
(independent variable). It enabled to establish link way to gather data.
between the students’ behavior, discipline and their
perception towards the school policies. E. Data Analysis Procedure

B. Context and Participants The collected data was analyzed using quantitative
data analysis approaches. Correlative analysis such as
The subject of this research is forty (40) Junior High frequencies and percentages were used to present
School students who were selected using stratified quantitative data collected from the students using
sampling. Stratified sampling involves dividing the questionnaires.
target population into sub-units or strata. Using this The researchers asked permission for the JHS
method, it is easy to conduct, achieves high probability Principal to allow them conduct the research and
of representative sample and also meets the exploit questionnaires to the 10 respondents each
assumption of statistical procedure. It also avoids any grade level.
form of bias. One section from each grade level were After being approved, the researchers identified the
selected. From each level, we selected 10 respondents 10 respondents and performed a survey.
to represent the whole grade level. We prefer the Junior Informed consent was discussed and signed by each
High school students as the respondents since they are respondent prior the start of the study. Respondents
more engaged to the rules and regulations of this were assured that the confidentiality, truthfulness and
institution and proposes better factor in answering objectivity of the data were considered.
research questions.

C. Instrument
RESULTS and DISCUSSION
We stated some offenses and consequences from the
student manual in order to know if the students are I. Characteristics of the respondents
aware about the rules and regulation. We also included
some offenses to verify what kind of offenses did the

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 The characteristics of the respondents were were female while 18 (45%) were male which make
separated into two sub-units: Their age and their female respondents dominant.
gender.
According to Duncan, When trying to explain
ution of crime statistics showing that men commit many more
criminal acts than women, some sociologists suggest
that these statistics do not reflect reality. Rather mostly
male law enforcement officers tend to attempt to
Age Frequency Percentage protect women from the criminal justice system out of
gentlemanliness. In addition,
12 7 17.5%

13 14 35%
II. Most Violated Offenses
14 7 17.5%

15 9 22.5% Table 3: Frequency and Percentage Distribution of

Respondents according to the most violated
16 3 7.5%
offenses

Table 1 shows the frequency and percentage

distribution of respondents when grouped according to Most Frequency Percentage
age. From 40 respondents, 17.5% of the population Committed
were 12 years old, 35% were 13 years old, 17.5% were Offenses
14 years old, 22.5% were 15 years old while 7.5% of Eating, giggling, 22 55%
the respondents were 16 years old. This entails that 13 or screaming
years old respondents dominate the study while 16 during class
years old respondents were the least populated. hours or
assemblies (No.
According to Secure Teen (2017) teens are 12)
still immature and do not think like adults. Therefore
they are prone to making mistakes or committing Had some 18 45%
crimes that are not fully in their control. Teens can quarrels among
break laws for various reason and there are a number classmates (No.
of factors that can lead them to juvenile delinquency. 2)
Table 2: Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Uses vulgar, 15 37.5%
Respondents according to Sex abusive, or
disrespectful
Sex Frequency Percentage language (No.
14)
F 22 55%
Cheating or 14 35%
M 18 45% other forms of
dishonesty (No.
N = 40 8)
Table 2 presents shows the frequency and
percentage distribution of respondents when grouped Have been late 12 30%
according to sex. From the 40 respondents, 22 (55%) for more than 5
times (No. 1)

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 teasing my
classmate/s.
Table 3 shows the frequency and percentage
distribution of respondents when grouped according to If I wear 3.68 MA
the most violated offenses. From the 40 respondents, incomplete
uniform, I’ll get
22 (55%) committed offense no. 12, 18 (45%)
oral warning.
committed offense no. 2, 15 (37.5%) committed offense
no. 14, 14 (35%) committed offense no. 8, while 12 I’ll be 3.65 MA
(30%) committed offense no. 1. This entails that no. 12 suspended if I
is the most committed offense. continue to
miss classes.
According to Ministry of Education, being the I will be 3.35 SA
center of attention is a common desire for students, suspended if I
some more than others. Acting out by making fun of falsify the
others, swearing, talking out of turn or simply being signature of
the school
uncooperative are a few ways students looking for
authorities,
more of the spotlight may misbehave. Danielson teachers,
(2002) also said thatthe decisions that a school makes parents or
regarding established policies and practices affect guardians.
students enormously. Teachers' instructional decisions
If I cheat, I will 3.15 SA
influence students' feelings about (and success with)
get suspended.
the curriculum, but the policies and practices in both
classrooms and in the entire school provide the context I will be 4.03 MA
for teacher-student interactions around instruction. suspended if I
drink alcohol
or liquor
III. Awareness Level of the Respondents inside of
school
Table 4: Mean Average and Interpretation of
Respondents’ Awareness I will be 3.93 MA
rejected if I
take cigarettes
and vapes in
school.
MEAN INTERPRETATION
AVERAGE I will be put off 3.7 SA
if I use school
If I commit 3.55 MA name in such
more than 3 situation.
tardiness, I
will receive I’ll get warning 3.53 MA
warning with for dyeing my
written hair.
contract.
I’ll be 3.0 SA
I will receive 3.2 SA suspended if
warning with someone
written caught me
contract if I doing
have been vandalism.
shouting,
taunting or If someone 3.95 MA
caught me/ us

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 gambling I’ll get warning 3.33 SA
inside the with written
school, we/I’ll contract if I
be suspended. scream, laugh
disrespectfully
I will be 3.83 MA during class
expelled if I hours or class
commit acts assembly.
that lead to
public AVERAGE 3.4 Somewhat aware
scandals.

I will be 3.55 MA 1.00-1.79 = Not at all aware (NA)

suspended
when I cause 1.60-2.59 = Slightly aware (SLA)
harm or injury
to others (that 2.60-3.39 = Somewhat aware (SA)
may bleed)
3.40-4.19 = Moderately Aware (MA)
If I wear 3.18 SA
makeup, 4.20-5.00 = Extremely aware (EA)
lipstick, it’s
either I get Table 4 illustrates the mean rating of the Junior
oral warning
High School Students’ Awareness of the Provisions in
or warning
with written The Student Manual as Basis for The Effective
contract. Implementation of rules and Regulations with the mean
average of 3.4 perceived as Somewhat aware. Item 1, “If
If I use vulgar 3.35 SA I commit more than 3 tardiness, I will receive warning
or
with written contract” received the mean average of
disrespectful
language, it’s 3.55. Item 2, “I will receive warning with written
either get contract if I have been shouting, taunting or teasing my
suspended or classmate/s” received the mean average of 3.2. Item 3,
warning with “If I wear incomplete uniform, I’ll get oral warning”
written received the mean average of 3.68. Item 4, “I’ll be
contract. suspended if I continue to miss classes” received the
I’ll get oral 3.6 SA mean average of 3.65. Item 5, “I will be suspended if I
warning if I falsify the signature of the school authorities, teachers,
bring parents or guardians” received the mean average of
unnecessary 3.35. Item 6, “If I cheat, I will get suspended” received
items not the mean average of 3.15. Item 7, “I will be suspended if
needed for
I drink alcohol or liquor inside of school” received the
learning.
mean average of 4.03, the highest mean average for this
It’s either I get 3.6 SA area perceived as Moderately aware. Item 8, “I will be
suspended or rejected if I take cigarettes and vapes in school” received
warning with the mean average of 3.93. Item 9, “I will be put off if I
written
use school name in such situation” received the mean
contract if I’m
using or selling average of 3.7. Item 10, “I’ll get warning for dyeing my
prohibited hair” received the mean average of 3.53. Item 11, “I’ll be
drugs in suspended if someone caught me doing vandalism”
school. received the mean average 3.0. Item 12, “If someone
caught me/ us gambling inside the school, we/I’ll be

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suspended” received the mean average of 3.95. Item 13,
“I will be expelled if I commit acts that lead to public
scandals” received the mean average of 3.83. Item 14, “I
will be suspended when I cause harm or injury to others
(that may bleed)” received the mean average of 3.55.
Item 15, “If I wear makeup, lipstick, it’s either I get oral
warning or warning with written contract” received the
mean average of 3.18. Item 16, “If I use vulgar or
disrespectful language, it’s either get suspended or
warning with written contract” received the mean
average of 3.35. Item 17, “I’ll get oral warning if I bring
unnecessary items not needed for learning.” received the
mean average of 3.6. Item 18, “It’s either I get suspended
or warning with written contract if I’m using or selling
prohibited drugs in school” received the mean average
of 3.6. Item 19, “I’ll get warning with written contract if I
scream, laugh disrespectfully during class hours or class
assembly” received the mean average of 3.33. Having an
average of 3.4, this means that the respondents are
somewhat aware about the schools and regulations of
the school.
According to
IV. Relationship between Student Manual
Awareness and the offenses committed
Table 4: Pearson’s R Results on Student Manual
Awareness and offenses committed
Table 4 presents that the Pearson’s R results
yielded a p-value of 0.563, therefore the null hypothesis
is not rejected. Thus, there is no significant relationship
between Student Manual Awareness and the offenses
committed.
According to
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
The data that has been gathered shows that the
respondents are somewhat aware regarding the rules
and regulations but still admit to committing such
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offenses. Therefore, the ignorance regarding the rules
and regulations is not the cause of indiscipline of the
students., which implies that there could be other
factors that affects the decision of the students to
commit offenses.
In the process of conducting this research, the
student’s level of awareness have been exposed that
they are indeed aware of the rules and regulations
however they still choose to commit for there are no
immediate punishments being done by the staffs.
Juveniles who are born with intrinsic values should be
maintained and developed; the environment should be
a concern as well for this is where they will adopt
habits without knowing the disadvantages of a situation
because of young age.
There were issues that have been encountered
during research. The respondents were somewhat
preoccupied by the time the researches exploit
questionnaires. For future researches, make sure that
the respondents are willing to participate on the survey
without any distraction. The approach of the teachers
to the students also affects the discipline of the
students. This study reveals that students’ misbehavior
and the aggressive strategy of the teachers have a
connection to each other. Peer-pressure and academic
reputation may also affect the students’ perception
about the school policies. Students that are involved in
the formulation of school rules and regulations may be
more aware rather than other students.
In addendum, the researchers have acquired
data only in the Junior High School Department. The
Senior High School and College Department have not
been given priority for this study for the researchers
believe that they are grown and mature, and have
adequate knowledge in distinguishing the rights and
wrongs in formulating life decisions. Although the
school have been trying to enforce the school rules and
regulations, it is clear that the negative influence from
the surrounding community, wrong role models,
indiscipline teachers and lack of support from parents
contributed to the students’ misbehavior.
7
 Temitayo, et. al (2013). Management of Disciplinary
Problems in Secondary Schools: Jalingo Metropolis
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