Effect of alcohol use on the adolescent brain and behavior

Morales Torres Santiago Yael - 653A

Overview of the Global prevalence of Adolescent alcohol effects Cognitive and Adolescent alcohol
adolescent brain adolescent alcohol use on the human brain Functional neural functioning effects in animals
neuroimaging studies following alcohol
have identified
remittance
Alcohol-induced deficits are potential effects of
The brain undergoes significant Alcohol is the most alcohol use on
arguably more impactful for
neurodevelopment during frequently used
adolescents than adults, given that adolescent brain
substance, as it is Neuro-psychological consequences of alcohol use One functional Adolescent alcohol
adolescence, with maturation educational attainment, learning, activation during
generally the easiest Functional brain consequences neuroimaging study use in male rodents
continuing until around age 25. and ongoing neural development tasks of working
for adolescents to memory, inhibitory reported that, after has also been
are the most critical developmental
access Globally, one month of associated with
tasks of adolescence control, and reward
Brain gray matter, which includes mostly 22% of males and sensitivity abstinence, poorer inhibition,
nerve cell bodies and dendrites, tends to 5% of females binge adolescents who reflecting heightened
decrease during normal adolescent brain drink during Alcohol use behaviors at ages 12 to previously drank impulsivity and risk
development via removal of weak adolescence. 14 predict lower educational Binge drinking may heavily no longer taking in adulthood
synaptic connections and changes in the achievement in later years affect the emotional exhibited alterations
extracellular matrix. component of reward in reward activation to
Globally, 22% of processing and
Adolescent binge drinking was alcohol cues,
males and 5% of decision making, as
White matter volume and white matter associated with an overall cognitive highlighting the
females binge drink damage to the
integrity increase over this period with deficit and specific impairments in potential for Similar to human
during adolescence. posterior cerebellum
continued myelination of axons, allowing decision-making and inhibition adolescents to benefit studies, moderate
When focusing on has been associated
for more efficient communication from early alcohol use and binge
country-specific with cognitive and
between brain regions. intervention and drinking in male and
adolescent binge emotional deficits
Some cognitive domains show recover from the
drinking, rates are female rodents
dose-dependent relationships short-term effects of
reported as 36% of predicts alterations in
Neurotransmitter systems, which where greater alcohol use is alcohol
males and 12% of Neuropsychological learning and memory
transmit chemical signals across associated with poorer cognitive
females in Europe; studies demonstrate during adolescence
synapses, also undergo significant functioning Neurobiological
30% of males and a consequences
possible dose- Long-term cessation
change in adolescence Structural brain consequences
6% of females in the dependent response of binge drinking (two
Americas and of alcohol use on to four years) was
Binge and heavy drinking appears
Inhibitory control is generally lower in Western Pacific executive functioning associated with
to affect the normal
adolescence than adulthood, reflecting Regions; and ability improvements in
developmental trajectories of gray
greater excitatory synapses approximately 17– and white matter maturation immediate recall that
21% of adolescent during adolescence, particularly in coincided with control
Heavy drinkers may
males and 3–4% of the frontal and temporal lobes, performance of not
Neurotoxin exposure, particularly alcohol require more
adolescent females and interconnecting networks, drinking and
use, during adolescence can affect executive cognitive
binge drink in Africa which suggests alcohol use is improvements in
healthy brain development (cognitive, control to perform at
and South East Asia. associated with accelerated brain long-term memory
emotional, and social functioning). the same level as
aging and working memory
non-users.

Leesa, B., Meredithb, L.R., Kirklandc, A.E., Bryantd, B.E. & Squeglia, L.M. (2020). “Effect of alcohol use on the adolescent brain and behavior”. University of Sydney, University of California, American
University & Medical University of South Carolina. Retrieved on December 8th, 2020, of https://www-sciencedirect-com.pbidi.unam.mx:2443/science/article/pii/S0091305719306021?via%3Dihub