Netiquette

 Short for “Network Etiquette”

 Set of rules and guidelines about proper online behaviour
 Netiquette can be informal and formal

Formal Netiquette
 A strict set of rules that are imposed by online groups like message boards, chat rooms and
social media sites.

 Foul language
 Spamming
 Bullying
 Trolling
 Sock Puppets
 Flame Wars
Plagiarism
 Using someone else`s work
 Considered as a fraudulent act
 Can be punishable by law

Piracy
 Reproducing and distributing materials without the owner`s consent.

Most Common types of Piracy:

(UNESECO`S WORL ANTI-PIRACY OBSERVARTORY)
 Books
o Book, school manual, journal article etc.
 Music
o Bootlegging is the unauthorized recoding and distribution of a live or broadcast
performance.
o Counterfeiting is the unauthorized copying of the material support, labels, artwork and
packaging.
 Film
 Software

Copyright
 The legal right to own an original work
 REPUBLICT ACT NO. 8293
o Intellectual Property Code of the Philippines (IP Code)
o 15 Types of works that are cover by copyright protection
o Ipophil.gov.ph

Informal Netiquette
 A lot like real-world etiquette
 Expected to be followed by everyone
 Make social interaction pleasant for everyone involved.
  The Golden Rule
o Do unto others as you would have them do unto you.
 Acts as you would in the real life.
 Know where you are and act accordingly.
 Respect people`s privacy.
 Respect other people`s properties.

Mobile Device Etiquette

 Talking too loudly on your phone.
 Making long phone calls
 Putting the other party on load speaker
 Using loud or annoying ring tones
 Playing music, videos and games too loudly
 Taking pictures or videos of live performance
 Using your phone on cinemas
 Taking pictures and videos without asking permission
 Using your mobile device while waiting in line
 Using your mobile device while driving
 Using your mobile device while walking
 Wearing earphones/headphones while walking
 Using your mobile device in social gatherings and important event.

Web Search Engines

 Single program or a system of programs designed to look for information in the internet
 Examples are Google, Bing and Yahoo.

Basic Search
 Common way of making a web search
 By using keywords
Browser`s search feature
 Type keywords in the address bar or search bar

 You will have to go to your browser`s setting in order to choose which

search engine your browser connects to.

Tips on concluding online search

 Have a question in mind
 Narrow it down
 Use advance search
o https://www.google.com/advanced_search
 Look for a credible source.
o The author
o The article`s purpose
o Publication date
o Top-level domain
 Give credit
Top-level domain
  .com – commercial
 .net – network
 .org – organization
 .gov – government
 .info – information
 .edu – education

Giving credit to your source

 To avoid plagiarism
 It gives credibility to the information
 It is a sign of respect to the author

= The name of the author or owner

= The title of the article
= The article`s address or URL
= Date when you last viewed the article
Example:
“Goldfish Care: How to take care of goldfish.” The Goldfish Tank. http://the goldfish.com/how-to-take-
care-of-goldfish. Viewed on June 10, 2016.
(UNDERSTANDING CULTURE AND SOCIETY)
Definition of Culture

Culture is everything that is made, learned or shared by the members of a society, including
values, beliefs, behaviours and material objects.

Two parts of Culture

1. Material culture – is the visible part. It may the food we eat, your cars, your houses or
anything that members of society make use and share.
2. Non-material culture – is intangible but this influences our behaviour like our language,
beliefs, and values, rules of behaviour, family patterns and political system.
Five Components of culture
1. Technology is the one component that makes our life easier. We can have volume production of
goods that can be used by us through this component.
2. Symbols are cultural representation of reality. They give meaning to events and thins like a
statue, handshake, college ring, flag etc.
3. Language is the most powerful of all human symbols as it allows us to communicate with one
another. It also conveys our beliefs and culture.
4. Values are ideas. They determine our character. They are the standards by which we assess
goodness, acceptability, beauty or desirability.
5. The fifth component in norm. Norm is a rule that guides our behaviour. It gives concrete terms
how we should behave – what we should do and what we should not do.

Classification of Norms:
1. Mores distinguish right from wrong.
2. Folkways distinguish between right and rude. They are referred as customs. They are
measurements of behaviour but not approved by society.
3. Laws are written rules of conduct enacted and enforced by government.
4. Taboo is an activity that is forbidden or sacred based on religious beliefs or morals. Breaking a
taboo is extremely objectionable in society as a whole. Around the world, an act may be taboo
in one culture and not in another.
Examples are:
o Mores Laws: Child Abuse, Rape, Car-napping etc.
o Folkway laws: jaywalking, counter-flowing, etc.
o Law: Driving while drunk, theft, murder, and trespassing are all examples of laws. If
violating the law could get reprimanded, pay a fine or go to jail.
o Taboos: abortion, addiction, cannibalism, offensive languages, slavery etc.

Difference between culture and Society.

Society- consist of people who interact to share common culture.

Culture- consist of beliefs behaviours, objects and other characteristics common to a particular
group or society.
Where did culture originate? Biological or Societal? Nature or nurture?
Nature refers to your innate qualities or nativism while nurture is your personal determined by
your genes which stays with you whoever you were born or raised.
Nurture refers to your childhood or how you were brought up.
 Nature is built from your biological and family factors while nurture from your societal or
environment factor.

Cultural Change

We can say that culture is learned – from our families, peers, institutions and media. As we
absorb other`s culture, we change ours.
It is shared as we share it with our group members.
It is based on symbols because these symbols give meaning to people either to agree or not on
their use.

Culture is integrated because if we learn culture, we should be ready to relate all of the aspects,
not only a part or a few.

It is also dynamic because of interaction and change. These changes maybe in the form of
discoveries, inventions or cultural borrowings.
However, cultural diversity is also present in society. Because of the existence of multiple
cultures, it creates differences within the society.

Sub-cultures

You must also be informed about subcultures. Subcultures exist in small cultural groups but
differ in some way. Examples of subcultures include: “heavy metal” music devotees, tattoo
enthusiasts, gangs, skinheads, etc.

When you oppose to the norms and values of a dominant culture, you possess a counterculture.
Examples of this are: protests, groups, hippies, etc.

When your culture is dominant, and it absorbs subcultural and countercultural groups, the
process is call assimilation.

If culture respects cultural variations, we call this multiculturalism.

To end this session we add ethnocentrism which involves judging other culture against the
standards of one`s culture: and cultural relativism which say that a culture should be
sociologically evaluated according to its standards and not those of any other culture.

Social Groups and Organization

This lesson deals with how man needs other members of society to survive and enjoy life. The
issue here is how to organize ourselves for alliance into groups and organizations.

Classification of People
“No man is an island” goes the saying. Man cannot thrive without the presence of other men.
There is a natural tendency for a man to live with others in a group, to look for a companion or
group of companions in order to fulfil the need to belong and experience some form of comfort.
 People are usually classified based on the group he or she is an aggregate of. This group may be
something’s he consciously chose for himself or something he was born into.
Group
A group serves many functions like giving an individual a sense of identity as well as emotional
intimacy.

It consists of two or more people who are distinct in the following three ways:
a. Interact overtime
b. Have a sense of identity or belonging
c. Have norms that non-members don`t have.

Aggregate
An aggregate is a collection of people who happen to be at the same place at the same time but
have no other connection to one another.

Category
3rd classification is category, which is a collection of people who share a particular
characteristics. They do not necessarily interact with one another and having nothing else in
common.

Social Group
Those who interact with one another and share similar characteristics and possess a sense of
unity is called a social group. These groups’ maybe families, companies, circle of friends,
fraternities, and sororities and local religious congregations.

Nature of Social Group

 The group provides specific form as to the nature of interactions in the society.
 Members should develop a structure where each member assumes a specific status and adopts
a particular role.
 Certain orderly procedures and values are agreed upon.
 The members of the group feel a sense of identity.

Types of Social Group

1. Social groups according to Ties (Primary group)
2. Social Group according to ties (Secondary Group)
3. Social Group according to Form of Organization (Informal)
4. Social Group according to Form of Organization (Formal)
5. Social Group according to Self-identification (In-Group)
6. Social Group according to Self-identification (Out-group)
7. Social Group according to Purpose (Special Interest Group)
8. Social Group according to Purpose (Task Force)
9. Social Group according to Geographical Location and degree of relationship (Gemeinschaft)
10. Social Group according to Geographical Location and degree of relationship (Gesselschaft)
 Social Organization
a. Political Organization: State (Government)
b. Economic Organization : Factory
c. Religious organization : church
d. Financial organization: bank
e. Educational organization: school and colleges.

Definition of society

Society is group of people living together in a particular place or at a particular time and having
many things in common.

What does society look like?

 Society looks like an object itself (sui generis or unique)

Vision of Society that account for Social Change and Societal Evolution

Four diverse Perspectives:

Karl Marx
Marx`s model of society
 alienation – the experience of isolation and misery resulting from powerlessness
 capitalism alienate workers in 4 specific ways:
o Form the act of working
 Workers have no say in production, work is tedious and repetitive
o Form the products of work
 Workers have no ownership in the product that is merely sod for profit
o Form other workers
 Work has become competitive rather that cooperative
o Form human potential
 Workers deny, not fulfil themselves in their work.

Max Weber

- Rationalize of society. This is the historical change from tradition – sentiments and beliefs
passed from one generation to another to rationality – deliberated, matter–of–fact
calculation of the cost effective means to accomplish a task as dominant mode of the human
thought.

- Weber also believes in the predestination and God`s favour, religious ethic and transformed
to work ethic.

Weber`s Rational Social Organization. It has seven characteristics.

 Distinctive Social Institutions

  Large scale organization
 Specialize scale organization
 Personalize discipline
 Awareness of time
 Technical competence
 Impersonality
 They expressed in bureaucracy and capitalism.

Emile Durkheim
- He describe society as more than individuals. Society gas a life of its own – beyond our
personal experiences
- He also said that social facts, any patterns rooted in society rather than the experience of
individuals.
o Society has an “objective reality” beyond our own subjective perception of the
world. Examples are norms, values, religious belief and rituals.
o Society has the power to guide our thoughts and actions.
o Warned the society creates anomie – a condition in which society provides little
moral guidance to individuals

Gerhard Lenski

- He said that sociocultural evolution is the change that occurs as a society acquires new
technology.
- More complex societies reveal striking cultural diversity.

Socio-Cultural Evolution

 It is the change that occurs as a society acquires new technology

 Technology shapes other cultural patterns and that simple technology can only support small
numbers of people who live simple lives
 The greater amount of technology a society has within its grasp, the faster cultural change will
take place.
 High-tech societies are capable of sustaining large numbers of people who are engaged in a
diverse division of labour.

Type of Society

The society we live in did not spring up overnight. Human societies have evolved slowly over
millions of years. However, throughout history, technology developments have sometimes
brought about dramatic change that has boosted human society into its next age.

Hunting and Gathering Stage

o During this stage, man used simple tools to hunt animals and vegetation. The society
characteristics:
a. The primary institution is the family, which decide how food is to be
shared and how children are to be socialize and which provides for
the protection of its members.
 b. Number of families in this society tend to be small with fewer that
fifty members.
c. They were nomadic in searching of food.
d. Society members have very high level of independence
e. Division of labour is based on sex: men hunt, women gather

Horticultural and Pastoral Societies

o Horticultural societies use hand tools to raise crops. People starts to stay in one place to
grow their own food.
o Pastoral societies started the domestication and breeding of animals for food.

Agricultural Societies

The invention of the plow led the establishment of agricultural societies. Members of
these societies tend crops with an animal harnessed to a plow. The use of animals to
pull plow eventually led to creation of cities and formed the basic structures of modern
society.

The development of agricultural societies followed this general sequence.

a. Animals are used to pull plow

b. Larger areas of land can then be cultivated.
c. More crops were yielded for longer periods of time
d. Productivity increased and people did not move to another place with abundant supply of
food for them
e. Towns and the cities
f. When yields increased, members engaged in some other forms of farming, thus developing
other skills. Job specialization increased
g. When fewer people directly involved with production of food, the economy became more
complex

Industrial Societies

Use advance sources of energy rather than human and animals, to run large machinery.
Industrialization started in the mid-1700s, when the steam engine was first used in
Great Britain as means of running other machines. In the 20 th century, industrialized
societies had change dramatically.
o People and goods traversed much longer distances because of
innovation in transportation such as train and steamship
o Rural areas lost population because people move to the cities as
factory workers
o Societies became urbanized, which means that the majority of
population lived within commuting distance of a major city
o Suburbs grew up around cities to provide city-dwellers with
alternative place to live.
Post-industrial Societies

This type of society that has developed over the past few decades, features as economy
based on services and technology, not production. There are three major characteristics
of post-industrial economy:

o These societies focus on ideas as tangible goods no longer drive

the economy
o There has been a need for higher education for post-industrial
societies because the new focus on information and technology
means that people must pursue higher education.
o There was a shift in working place from cities to homes because
new communications technology allows work to be performed
from a variety of locations.