Technical English II Booklet 2020.docx 2nd Year 1

IES 9-008 INSTITUTO
SUPERIOR MANUEL BELGRANO
Tecnicatura Superior
En
Desarrollo De Software
Res-501-DGE-19-TS
Sede Rodeo del Medio
TECHNICAL ENGLISH II
Prof. Analía Gutierrez
Name: Báccaro Maximiliano

Desarrollo de Software Inglés Técnico I
INDEX
UNIT 1
Parts of speech 3
Regular Nouns: Rules and Examples 8
Irregular nouns 9
Imperatives 11
UNIT 2
Simple present: Verb to be 15
Have got and has got 16
Simple present: action verbs 17
Positive form 17
Negative form 18
Interrogative form 18
Present continuous 25
Simple present vs present continuous. 31
UNIT 3
Simple past 34
Simple past: verb to be 34
Simple past: regular verbs 35
Simple past: irregular verbs 36
Simple past: negative and interrogative forms 38
Past continuous 45
UNIT 4
Simple future 48
Future going to 51
UNIT 5
Present Perfect 56
Adverbs 59
Bibliography 61
Prof. Analía S. Gutierrez Sede Rodeo del Medio 2

UNIT 1
Parts of speech
There are 8 main parts known as parts of speech in English.
They are:
1. Noun
2. Pronoun
3. Verb
4. Adjective
5. Adverb
6. Preposition
7. Conjunction
8. Interjection
1. NOUN
• Definition: it names a person, place, thing, or idea
• Examples: Notebook, Computer, Belgrano institute, Andrea
2. PRONOUN
• Definition: it is a word used in place of a noun. It replaces a noun.
• Examples:
3. VERB
 Definition: it is a word that tells what someone or something does. It is also an
action word or word of being

• Examples: Search, Print, Listen
4. ADJECTIVE
• Definition: it is a word used to modify (describe) a noun
• Examples: happy – short, heavy – light, red – new
5. ADVERB
• Definition: it can be added to a verb to modify its meaning; it can also modify
adjectives and other adverbs. It tells you when, where, how, in what manner or to what
extent an action is performed. Many of them end in “ly” , but not always!
• Examples: – cheerfully, – briskly, – wickedly, – Delicately, – fast,– never, now
6. PREPOSITION
• Definition: it is a word placed BEFORE a noun or pronoun to show its location or
direction. It may also show a noun or pronoun’s relationship to some other word in the
sentence
• Examples:
7. CONJUNCTION
• Definition: it is a word used to connect other words, phrases, and clauses
• Examples: – and, – but, – or, – because
8. INTERJECTION

• Definition: it is a set of words or a word that expresses strong or sudden emotion. It is
used as an exclamation (!) by itself or with a comma following it if used at the
beginning of a sentence. It is capable of standing by itself
• Examples: – Oh dear! – My goodness! – Wow! – Ouch! – Yes, – No,
1. Read the text. Identify different parts of speech.

Computers
A computer is a programmable machine designed to automatically carry out a sequence of
arithmetic or logical operations. The first use of the word "computer" was recorded in
1613, referring to a person who carried out calculations, or computations, and the word
continued with the same meaning until the middle of the 20th century. From the end of
the 19th century the word began to take on its more familiar meaning, a machine that
carries out computations
In the beginning, computers were as big as a large room. It is only later that they have
become smaller and smaller, accessible to anyone. This has given way to personal
computers. Later developers created new applications to help users perform many things
from word processing to image editing. A large scale of programs, some free and others
costly, have opened new horizons in information technology.
Adjectives
Programmable machine, big, large, smaller, free.
Verbs
Carry, carries, use, recorded, began, were, was, created, opened, have, has, is.
Pronouns
Is, they, its.

Prepositions
To, of, from, in.
Conjunctions
And, or.
2. Classify them into the different parts of speech:
a) animatronics (n)
b) Apple (n)
c) technology (n)
d) bleeding edge (n)
e) cleantech (
f) next to (pre)
g) in (pre)
h) cybernetics (n)
i) fifth-generation (adj)
j) Lenovo (n)
k) high tech (adj)
l) under (adv)
m) intermediate (adj)
n) mobile (n)
o) nanotechnology (n)
p) Toshiba (n)
q) native (adj)
r) tech (n)
s) technical (adj)
t) technically (adv)
u) wearable (adj)
3. Please identify the correct part of speech for each word in the following
sentences. Use the correct letter(s) neatly above each word:
 N-Noun
 Adv-Adverb

 P-Pronoun
 Prep-Preposition
 V-Verb
 C-Conjunction
 Adj-Adjective
 I-Interjection
 We are using the new printer at college.
a) Apple launched the top-ten mobile phone.

(n) (v) (adj) (adj) (n)
b) It is a new language of programming.

(p) (v) (adj) (n) (prep) (n)
c) The teacher is with the students in the computer lab.

(n) (v) (prep) (n) (prep) (n)
d) She! The class is working well.

(in) (n) (v) (adj) (adj)
Regular Nouns: Rules and Examples

Most singular nouns are made plural by simply putting an -s at the end. There are many
different rules regarding pluralization depending on what letter a noun ends in.
1. To make regular nouns plural, add -s to the end.
Desk – desks
Program – programs
2. If the singular noun ends in -s, -ss, -sh, -ch, -x, -o or -z, add -es to the end to
make it plural.

bus – buses
box – boxes
3. If the noun ends with -f or -fe, the f is often changed to -ve before adding the
-s to form the plural version.
Knife – knives
Leaf – leaves
Exceptions:
roof – roofs
belief – beliefs
chef – chefs
chief – chiefs
4. If a singular noun ends in -y and the letter before the -y is a consonant, change
the ending to -ies to make the noun plural.
city – cities
secretary – secretaries
5. If the singular noun ends in -y and the letter before the -y is a vowel, simply
add an -s to make it plural.
ray – rays
boy – boys
6. Some nouns don’t change at all when they’re pluralized.
sheep – sheep
series – series
species – species
deer –deer
Irregular nouns
They follow no specific rules, so it is best to memorize these or look up the proper
pluralization in the dictionary.
Child – children
Man – men

Woman – women
Tooth – teeth
Foot – feet
Mouse – mice
Person – people
1. Find the following words in the word search:
2. Write their plural form

a) Microphone - microphones
b) Mouse - mouses
c) mp3 player - mp3 players
d) Webcam - webcams
e) hard drive - hard drives
a) microphone - microphones
b) mouse - mice

c) mp3 player – mp3 players
d) webcam - webcams
e) hard drive - hard drives
f) digital camera - digital cameras
g) Headphone - headphones
h) memory stick - memory sticks
i) floppy disk - floppy disks
j) Router - routers
k) Computer - computers
l) Laptop - laptops
m) memory card - memory cards
n) Printer - printers
Imperatives
To give instructions, we use imperative form of the verb and sequence words such as:
first, next, then, after that and finally, etc.
Examples:
First, use the mouse to select the text.
Then, choose the cut command from the edit menu.
Next, choose the paste command from the edit menu.
Finally, check that the text is in the right place.
You can also use the present simple with you.

You type in the computer.
You choose the command from the edit menu.
1. Complete the following imperatives. Use the verbs given:

Save – sit – cut – open – close – open - be
a. ______________down!

b. ______________quiet!
c. ______________the books!
d. ______________the door!
e. ______________the door!
f. ______________and paste.
g. ______________the document.
2. Complete these instructions for how to Copy and Paste in Word with the
verbs from the box.
Click x 2 select position right-click drag
Copy and paste
______________the text you wish to copy. To select the text, ______________ the
mouse over the portion of the text that you want to copy. This part then should be
highlighted.
______________on the Copy icon on the standard toolbar. This copies the selected text
to an invisible clipboard.
______________the cursor where you want the text to appear.
______________the Paste icon. This inserts the content of the clipboard at the insertion
point. As well as the icons on the toolbar, you can use the keys Ctrl + C for copy and
Ctrl + V for paste. These options also come up if you ______________the selected
text.
3. Use positive or negative imperatives to rewrite the following sentences.
Example:
a) You can take my umbrella.
…………………Take my umbrella……………….
b) You mustn't use your dictionary.
…………………Don't use your dictionary……….
c) You must study first.
...........................................................................
d) You mustn't do such things.
...........................................................................
e) You can't go this way.

...........................................................................
f) No problem if you get a taxi.
...........................................................................
g) You can go home earlier today.
...........................................................................
h) You must take this material with you.
..........................................................................
i) You'll be in trouble if you come late.
...........................................................................
j) It isn't a good idea to use phones in English lessons.
...........................................................................
4. Choose words from the box to complete these imperative sentences.
don’t begin – don’t keep – put
a) ......................... the books on the shelf.
b) ......................... us waiting.
c) ......................... the lesson before 10.45.
Help- talk - turn
d) ......................... your teacher with her bags.
e) ......................... to you teacher first.
f) ......................... the radio on now.
Run – play – don’t move – don’t show
g) ......................... the present to Jill.
h) ......................... the second song from the list.
i) ......................... away from college.
j) ......................... the computer again and again.

UNIT 2
Simple present: Verb to be
It is a main verb that shows the existence of someone or something. It has got 3
conjugations.
Positive Negative Interrogative
I am ‘m am not ‘m not Are you…?
You are ‘re are not aren’t Are you…?
He is ‘s is not isn’t Is he …?
She is ‘s is not isn’t Is she…?
It is ‘s is not isn’t Is it…?
We are ‘re are not aren’t Are we…?
You are ‘re are not aren’t Are you …?
They are ‘re are not aren’t Are they …?
1. Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verb to be.
a) The class __________ in the lab.
b) The students __________ with the English teacher.
c) The booklet __________cheap.
d) The pencils __________close to the computer.
e) The mouse __________new but the pad __________old.
f) The printer__________broken.
2. Choose 3 sentences and turn them into negative and interrogative forms

______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
3. Re-write using pronouns and contractions.
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
Have got and has got

It is used to talk about possessions.
I you we they Have got Have not got
‘ve got Haven’t got
He she it Has got Has not got
‘s got Hasn’t got
Simple present: action verbs

Positive form:
The simple present tense in English is used to describe an action that is regular, true or
normal.
We use the present tense:

1. For repeated or regular actions in the present time period.
 We go to college at Belgrano Institute every day.
2. For facts.
 The class starts at 7 o’ clock.
3. For habits.
 I use the computer for programming at college.
4. For things that are always / generally true.
 It snows in winter.
Structure
I you we they Verb We use the mouse.

He she it Verb with -s, -es, or -ies She uses the mouse.
The spelling for the verb in the third person differs depending on the ending of that
verb:
1. For verbs that end in -O, -CH, -SH, -SS, -X, or -Z we add -ES in the third person.
 go – goes
 catch – catches
 wash – washes
 kiss – kisses
 fix – fixes
 buzz – buzzes
2. For verbs that end in a consonant + Y, we remove the Y and add -IES.
 marry – marries
 study – studies
 carry – carries
 worry – worries
NOTE: For verbs that end in a vowel + Y, we just add -S.
 play – plays
 enjoy – enjoys
 say – says

Negative form:
Don't = Do not
Doesn't = Does not
I you we they Don’t verb We don’t use the mouse.
He she it Doesn’t verb She doesn’t use the mouse.
Interrogative form:
Do I you we they Verb Do we use the mouse?
Does He she it Verb Does she use the mouse?
1. Add –s, -es or –ies to the following verbs.

a) Go …………….. n) Cool……………..
b) Turn …………….. o) Play……………..
c) Speak…………….. p) Place……………..
d) Click………….. q) Fix……………..
e) Cut…………… r) Miss……………..
f) Paste………… s) Match……………..
g) Install………… t) Watch……………..
h) Need…………. u) Make ……………..
i) Read …………….. v) get ……………..
j) Search…………….. w) Push……………..
k) Look…………….. x) Pull……………..
l) Check…………….. y) Start ……………..
m) Pull…………….. z) stop……………..
2. What do we use computers for? Look at the pictures as a guide and write.

………………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………
3. Complete the following definitions:
Type texts – surf the internet – store data – send emails – visit websites – create blogs
a) I usually ……………………………………………….when I need information
about a topic.
b) I ……………………………………………….when I am tired of handwriting.
c) I ……………………………………………….to my friends every day.
d) You can ……………………………………………….about what you like and
people can read them.
e) I type www to ……………………………………………….
f) I ……………………………………………….to save it.
4. Write true sentences about you using the following expressions.
Play computer games

……………………………………………….
……………………………………………….
……………………………………………….………………………………………..
Listen to music
……………………………………………….
……………………………………………….
……………………………………………….………………………………………..
Watch YouTube videos
……………………………………………….
……………………………………………….
……………………………………………….………………………………………..
Read about computer
……………………………………………….
……………………………………………….
……………………………………………….………………………………………..
Text friends
……………………………………………….
……………………………………………….
……………………………………………….………………………………………..
5. Complete with the correct subject. Use the words given:

Networks – English – Computer Maintenance – Operating System – Professional
Training – Office Software – Office Work

Jim studies IT. Look at his timetable. Discuss:

Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday

8.30 – Networks English Computer Professional Networks
9.25 maintenance training
9.25 – Networks Operating Computer Operating Networks
10.20 system maintenance system
10.20 – Networks Operating Computer Operating Office software
11.00 system maintenance system
Break
11.30 Office work Computer Networks Office Office software
-12.20 maintenance software
12.20 – Office work Computer Networks Office Computer
1.10 maintenance software maintenance
1.10- Office work Professional Office Computer
2.00 training software maintenance
6. Look at Jim’s table and describe his week.

………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
7. Complete your own timetable and then write about it.
Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
8. Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs in brackets. Use
simple present.
a. We ……………………………(use) a laptop in class.
b. David ……………………………(read) books in a reader device.
c. My sister ……………………………(scan) documents.
d. They ……………………………(type) information into a computer.
e. My friend Sarah……………………………(take) pictures.
9. Turn 3 sentences from exercise 8 into negative and interrogative forms.

………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
10. Look at this timetable comparing the activities for different people.
Complete the column about you.
11. Write sentences using the present simple and the adverbs of frequency
about these people.
Brad __________________________________________________________
Brad __________________________________________________________
Brad __________________________________________________________
Miss Parker _______________________________________________________
Miss Parker _______________________________________________________
Miss Parker _______________________________________________________

My friends and I ____________________________________________________
My friends and I ____________________________________________________
My friends and I ____________________________________________________
Tom ___________________________________________________________
Tom ___________________________________________________________
Tom ___________________________________________________________
I ___________________________________________________________
I ___________________________________________________________
I ___________________________________________________________
Present continuous:
The present continuous tense in English is used to express the idea that something is
happening now, at this very moment. It can also be used to show that something is not
happening now.
In English, "now" can mean: this second, today, this month, this year, this century, and
so on. Sometimes, we use the present continuous to say that we are in the process of
doing a longer action which is in progress; however, we might not be doing it at this
exact second.
I am ‘m Verb –ing am not ‘m not Verb –ing Are you…?
You are ‘re are not aren’t Are you…?
He Is ‘s Is not isn’t Is he …?
She Is she…?
It Is it…?
We Are ‘re Are not Aren’t Are we…?
You Are you …?
They Are they …?
Rules for adding –ing

The following is a guide to the correct spelling of –ing forms of verbs and gerunds.
The general rule when changing a verb into its -ING form is just to add -ING to the end
of the verb.
Infinitive ING form

to feel feeling

to go going
to work working
to sleep sleeping
 She wasn't feeling very well.
 He is working on a new project.
 The children are sleeping so be quiet.
Spelling exceptions
The following exceptions exist when spelling words ending in ING:
1). If the verb ends in an E we remove the E and add ING.
Infinitive ING form

to live Living
to have Having
to make Making
to take Taking
 People are living longer now than they were 100 years ago.
 We are making a chocolate cake.
 He was taking his time to get ready.
2). If the verb ends in a consonant + vowel + consonant, we double the final consonant
and add ING.
Infinitive ING form

to stop Stopping
to sit Sitting
to plan Planning
to get Getting
to swim swimming
 The policeman is stopping the traffic.
 We are planning a surprise party for our teacher.
 I think I am getting a cold.
3). If a two-syllable verb ends in a consonant + vowel + consonant, we do not double
the final consonant when the stress is on the first syllable.
Infinitive ING form

to happen happening
to enter entering
to offer offering
to suffer suffering
 What is happening?
 They are offering a discount.
 Many people are suffering from a lack of food and water.
4). But, we do not double the final consonant when the verb ends in W, X or Y or when
the final syllable is not emphasized.
Infinitive ING form

to fix Fixing
to enjoy Enjoying
to snow Snowing
 He fixing his bike.
 We are enjoying this great weather.
 It's snowing outside.
1. Add-ing to the following verbs.

a) Go………………………….. k) Look…………………………..
b) Turn ………………………….. l) Check…………………………
c) Speak………………………… m) Pull…………………………..
d) Click………………………….. n) Cool…………………………..
e) Cut………………………….. o) Play…………………………..
f) Paste………………………….. p) Place………………………….
g) Install…………………………. q) Fix…………………………..
h) Need…………………………. r) Miss…………………………..
i) Read ………………………… s) Match…………………………
j) Search…………………… t) Watch…………………………

u) Make ………………………. x) Pull…………………………..
v) get ………………………….. y) Start …………………………..
w) Push………………………….. z) stop…………………………..
2. Complete the sentences using present continuous.
a) We __________________________(learn) English at the moment.
b) I __________________________(work) for an American company.
c) The teacher __________________________(explain) a new topic.
d) The printer __________________________(work) well.
e) The man __________________________(clean) the computer lab.
f) Tomas __________________________(speak) in front of the class.
3. Turn these sentences into negative and interrogative forms.
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
4. What are they doing? Look and write sentences. Use the verbs given:
work in teams – read in group – use the computer – write at night – study
together in the library – listen to music
_______________________________________________

____________________________________________
___________________________________________
_________________________________________________
________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
5. Complete the sentences below. Use ‘ing’ verb forms.
a. I am (watch) _____________________ TV with my family.
b. Why are you (stop) _____________________ the car?
c. Julia is (have) _____________________ lunch in the cafeteria.

d. My friend and I are (plan) _____________________ to travel next
summer.
e. Richard is (pay) _____________________ his telephone bill.
f. I am (talk) _____________________ to my friend on the phone.
g. She is (show) _____________________ the report to her boss.
h. My friends are (meet) _____________________ each other in New
York.
i. I am (fill) _____________________ the information form.
j. The boy is (cut) _____________________ the paper.
k. Are you (eat) _____________________ breakfast now?
l. I think our team is (win) _____________________ the game!
Simple present vs present continuous.

PRESENT TENSES CONTRATS
PRESENT SIMPLE PRESENT CONTINUOUS
Uses For everyday actions For actions taking place now or
For our routines around now.
Adverbs Every day, every week, etc. Now
At 3.00, at 7.30, etc. Right now
On Monday, on Tuesday, etc. At this moment
Frequency adverbs: always, In this moment
usually, often, sometimes, rarely, Today
hardly ever, never Tonight
These days
Examples I never go to school by car. I am doing a test now.
We start classes at 7.40 every day. They are cleaning the school right
She studies English on Monday now.
and Wednesday. She is talking on the phone now. 1
Tomas goes to hockey practice at
the weekend.

6. Put the verb in the sentences in the correct tense. Present Simple or Present
Continuous.
a) Ms Davis ________________________(teach)Maths every Wednesday.
b) Classes ________________________ (start) at nine o'clock.
c) AIec ________________________ (take) an HND course at the moment.
d) He ________________________ (study) at Telford College this year.
e) On Tuesdays, he ________________________ (study) in the library.
f) He ________________________ (want)to be a Civil Engineer.
g) He ________________________ (work) on a project about a new program now.
h) A lot of local people ________________________ (not / Iike) the proposal.
i) They________________________ (think) it will increase the amount of traffic
near their homes.
j) The old bridge ________________________ (carry) ten times the traffic at the
moment. It was designed to carry.
7. Answer these questions about yourself with complete sentences.
a) What are you studying?
_______________________________________________________________
b) Where are you studying?
___________________________________________________________________
c) How long is your course?
___________________________________________________________________
d) Is it part-time or full-time?
___________________________________________________________________
e) What are the main subjects?
________________________________________________________________
f) Which subject do you find most difficult?

________________________________________________________________
g) Why do you find it difficult?
________________________________________________________________
h) Which subject do you enjoy most?
________________________________________________________________
i) How many classes do you have each week?
________________________________________________________________
j) When do your classes start each day?
________________________________________________________________
k) When do they finish?
________________________________________________________________
l) Do you have any self-study time?
________________________________________________________________
m) What do you hope to do when you finish your course?
________________________________________________________________
UNIT 3
Simple past:
We use the past tense to talk about:
 something that happened once in the past:
I met my wife in 1983.
We went to Spain for our holidays.
They got home very late last night.
 something that was true for some time in the past:

I lived abroad for ten years.
He enjoyed being a student.
She played a lot of tennis when she was younger.
 we often use phrases with ago with the past tense:
I met my wife a long time ago.
Simple past: verb to be
I Was Wasn’t Were you…?
You were Weren’t Were you…?
He was Wasn’t Was he …?
She Was she…?
It Was it…?
We were Weren’t Were we…?
You Were you …?
They Were they …?
Simple past: regular verbs

1. Write their past form:

a) Turn …………………………. m) Pull ………………………….
b) Chat …………………………. n) Add………………………….
c) Start…………………………… o) Need………………………
d) Stop…………………………… p) Text ………………….
e) Clean…………………………. q) Play ………………………….
f) Listen ……………………. r) Share……………………….
g) Look…………………………. s) Want ………………………….
h) Watch………………………. t) Change…………………….
i) Show……………………… u) Use ……………………….
j) Help…………………………… v) Like………………………….
k) Touch………………………… w) Close………………………….
l) Open ……………………… x) Push ……………………
2. Place the verbs according to their endings:

-d -ed -ied Double consonant
+ -ed

Simple past: irregular verbs

Infinitive Simple Past Past Participle Spanish
Be Was-were Been Ser-estar
become became become convertirse
begin began begun comenzar
bite Bit bitten morder
break broke broken romper
bring brought brought traer
build built built construir
buy bought bought comprar
catch caught caught atrapar
choose chose chosen elegir
come came come venir
Cost cost cost costar
Cut cut cut cortar
Deal dealt dealt dar, repartir
Do did done hacer
Draw drew drawn dibujar
Dream dreamt/dreamed dreamt/dreamed soñar
Drink drank drunk beber
Drive drove driven conducir
Eat ate eaten comer
fall fell fallen caer
feel felt felt sentir
fight fought fought pelear
find found found encontrar
fly flew flown volar
forget forgot forgotten olvidar
forgive forgave forgiven perdonar
freeze froze frozen congelar
get got got tener, obtener
give gave given dar
go went gone ir
grow grew grown crecer

have had had tener
hear heard heard oír
hide hid hidden esconderse
hit hit hit golpear
hold held held tener, mantener
hurt hurt hurt herir, doler
keep kept kept guardar
know knew known saber
lead led led encabezar
learn learnt/learned learnt/learned aprender
leave left left dejar
lend lent lent prestar
let let let dejar
lose lost lost perder
make made made hacer
mean meant meant significar
meet met met conocer,
encontrar
pay paid paid pagar
put put put poner
quit quit/quitted quit/quitted abandonar
read read read leer
ride rode ridden montar, ir
ring rang rung llamar por
teléfono
rise rose risen elevar
run ran run correr
say said said decir
see Saw seen ver
sell Sold sold vender
send Sent sent enviar
set Set set fijar
shake shook shaken sacudir
show showed shown/showed mostrar
shut shut shut cerrar
sing sang sung cantar
sit Sat sat sentarse
sleep slept slept dormir
slide Slid slid deslizar
speak spoke spoken hablar
spell spelt/spelled spelt/spelled deletrear
spend spent spent gastar
split split split partir
spoil spoilt/spoiled spoilt/spoiled estropear
spread spread spread extenderse

stand stood stood estar de pie
steal stole stolen robar
swim swam swum nadar
take took taken tomar
teach taught taught enseñar
tell told told decir
think thought thought pensar
understand understood understood entender
wake woke woken despertarse
wear wore worn llevar puesto
win won won ganar
wring wrung wrung retorcer
write wrote written escribir
Simple past: negative and interrogative forms

We use did to make questions with the past tense:
When did you meet your wife?
Where did you go for your holidays?
Did she play tennis when she was younger?
Did you live abroad?
But look at these questions:
Who discovered penicillin?
Who wrote Don Quixote?
We use didn’t (did not) to make negatives with the past tense:
They didn’t go to Spain this year.
We didn’t get home until very late last night.
I didn’t see you yesterday.
3. Crossword time!

4. Read the text and answer:

Old Inventions
A. Music Cassette

Music cassettes which inside have a ribbon of magnetic tape were mostly used in cars
up until the mid-1990s, and before that in the 1980’s with Walkmans and at home. You
could buy them with music on them, or buy ones and record your own music onto them.
These have been replaced by MP3s and CDs.
B. Black and white TV
Early TVs could not show color, and it was not until 1954 that the first
color TVs were introduced. They were very expensive, so most people
really did not have color TVs until the 1970s. We now have large LCD
TVs which are much larger and have a clearer picture.
C. Floppy Disk
The floppy disk was a way of storing and moving computer data. They were
very unreliable and could not hold much data. These days they have been
replaced with USB sticks and DVDs.
D. Telegraph and Morse code
This technology was developed in about 1837 and was used from the
1850s for at least one hundred years. This technology has been replaced
by email and the internet, and before that by the FAX machine.
E. Film camera
The film camera was also developed in the 1830s, from ideas that had
been around for hundreds of years before. These days we use digital
cameras and smart phones to take pictures, but some people still think
film looks better and use film cameras today.
F. Sony Walkman
In the 1980s many people had a Walkman. You could listen to a store
bought cassette on it or make your own cassette ‘mix’ from the radio or
from another cassette. These days we use MP3 players or smart phones. 30
years ago people were very excited when they could first walk along and
listen to their favorite music.
G. VHS cassette
Similar to Music cassettes in how they worked, but much bigger,
VHS cassettes were used for watching movies on your TV with a
VHS player called a VCR. There were many rental shops to rent
movies, or you could record your favorite TV shows from the
TV. These days DVD players have replaced them.

H. Typewriter
Typewriters were invented in the 1830s and were used up until the
1980s, when they were replaced by computers. Many journalists and
writers used them, but they are not as convenient as computers.
I. Vinyl record
Dating from around 1890 Vinyl records have tiny
grooves and a needle on the record player reads the music. Vinyl
records are still used today. Many DJs and music lovers still prefer
their sound to a CD or a MP3. Vinyl records come in three common
sizes and have three possible speeds.
a) Which four items were invented in the 1800s?
_________________________________________________________________
b) Which two items use a Magnetic ribbon tape?
_________________________________________________________________
c) Which two items are still popular today?
________________________________________________________________
d) Which item was very unreliable?
_________________________________________________________________
e) Which two items are used together?
_________________________________________________________________
f) Which item was mostly used in cars?
_________________________________________________________________
g) On which item could you write a book?
_________________________________________________________________
h) Which item has the longest history?

_________________________________________________________________
i) Which item helped people to walk and listen to their favorite music at the same
time?
_________________________________________________________________
j) What item comes in three possible sizes?
_________________________________________________________________
5. Read the text and circle TRUE or FALSE:

a) Early computers were very big and could do maths. true false
b) Microchips are very small and store lots of information. true false
c) Alan Turing invented the microchip in 1958. true false
d) People started to buy computers to use at home in the 1970s. true false
e) The World Wide Web was created in 1979. true false
f) The first computer mouse was made of plastic. true false
6. Complete the text. Write the verbs in the simple past.

Personal Life
 Timothy John Berners-Lee ……………………(be born) on June 8, 1955, in

London, England. He is one of four children of Mary Lee Woods and Conway
Berners-Lee. Tim’s parents both ……………………(work) in building Ferranti
Mark I, the first commercially-produced computer.
 Young Tim ……………………(attend) Sheen Mount Primary School. In
1969 to 1973, he ……………………(enter) Emanuel School. After, he
……………………(enroll) at The Queen’s College, Oxford, and
……………………(graduate) in 1976 with a B.A. degree in physics.
 Upon graduation, Berners-Lee ……………………(work) at Plessy
Company, a telecommunications firm in Dorset. By 1978, he ……………………
(help) D.G. Nash in creating typesetting software for printers.
 In 1990, he ……………………(marry) Nancy Carlson, with whom he
……………………(have) two children. The couple…………………… (divorce) in
2001 and Berners-Lee ……………………(marry) Rosemary Leith in 2014.
Berners-Lee’s Career
 Later in 1980, while at CERN, he ……………………(facilitate) a program

for sharing and updating information using hypertext. Initially, his prototype
……………………(be called) Enquire and ……………………(aim) to connect
researchers and projects around the world. Berners-Lee ……………………
(think) that a database where researchers from different places can share
information would save energy, time and money.
 By 1989, he ……………………(begin) working on his information sharing
system through an application protocol called HTTP. This Hypertext Transfer
Protocol ……………………(become) the venue to transfer and share
information over the Internet using an address known as URL or Uniform
Resource Locator.
 Technically, Berners-Lee ……………………(create) a web of servers
connecting all computers around the world. In addition, he also
……………………(develop) the first browser and first web server.
 He ……………………(start) talking with computer enthusiasts as his
work at CERN became recognized. He ……………………(begin) developing
web browser software for computers like Mac and PC. Since then, other
enthusiasts…………………… (continue) to develop his idea of information
sharing.

 In 1994, he …………………… (form) W3C at the Massachusetts Institute
of Technology. W3C is a consortium known as World Wide Web Consortium
that ……………………(be) meant to improve the web.
 Berners-Lee ……………………(assure) that the web is a royalty-free
technology that anyone could adopt easily.
Legacy and Recognitions
 By 2004, he ……………………(become) chair of Computer Science at the

University of Southampton. During the New Year Honours of 2004, Queen
Elizabeth II ……………………(knight) Berners-Lee for his global development
of the Internet. Furthermore, he ……………………(be) appointed to the Order
of Merit.
 In 2009, together with Professor Nigel Shadbolt, he ……………………
(help) with the development of data.gov.uk, making official information
accessible to the public. That same year, he ……………………(be) elected as a
foreign associate of the National Academy of Science. Moreover, Berners-Lee
……………………(join) the Alliance for Affordable Internet together with
Google, Intel, Facebook and Microsoft in October 2013.
7. Choose 5 sentences and turn into negative form.

a. _________________________________________________________
b. _________________________________________________________
c. _________________________________________________________
d. _________________________________________________________
e. _________________________________________________________
8. Choose 5 sentences and make yes no questions.
a. _________________________________________________________
b. _________________________________________________________
c. _________________________________________________________
d. _________________________________________________________
e. _________________________________________________________

Past continuous:
It is used to describe what we were doing at a particular moment in the past or an action
was taking place at a specific moment in the past.
I Was Verb –ing Wasn´t Verb –ing Were you…?
You were Weren’t Were you…?
He was Wasn’t Was he …?
She Was she…?
It Was it…?
We were Weren’t Were we…?
You Were you …?
They Were they …?
1. Look at Jane's diary. What was she doing at these times?

My diary
Monday 4.30 - 5.30 p.m have an appointment at the dentist's
Tuesday 7 - 8 p.m meet her study group
Wednesday 8 - 10 p.m. watch the Black Widows
Thursday 8.30 - 9.30 p.m. revise for an English test
Friday 5 - 7 p.m. do the shopping with Carrol
Saturday 11.30 - 12.30 a.m. cook lunch
Sunday 9 - 10 a.m. tidy the house with mum
a. On Monday at 5 p.m. she ...................................... an appointment at the
dentist's.
b. On Tuesday between 7 - 8 p.m. she ...................................... study group.
c. On Wednesday at 9 o'clock she ...................................... the Black Widows.
d. On Thursday from 8.30 to 9.30 she ...................................... for an English test.
e. On Friday at 6 o'clock Jane and Carrol ...................................... the shopping.
f. On Saturday between 11.30 and 12.30 she ...................................... lunch.
g. On Sunday at 9.30 Jane and her mum ...................................... the house.

h. But I don't know what she ...................................... at 12 p.m. on Sunday. Was
she sleeping?
2. Look at the table and write sentences. What were they doing at 8 o’clock
yesterday?
I - play video games
You - not watch TV
He - not read
she – study maths and English
it - not snow
we - have programming classes
They - chat online
Emma - study with Leo
Luke- not work
a. ……………………………………………………………………………………
b. ……………………………………………………………………………………
c. ……………………………………………………………………………………
d. ……………………………………………………………………………………
e. ……………………………………………………………………………………
f. ……………………………………………………………………………………
g. ……………………………………………………………………………………
h. ……………………………………………………………………………………
UNIT 4
Simple future:
We use the future simple with 'will' to predict the future. We can use it for future facts
and for things that are less certain.
The sun will rise at 7am.
I think the Conservatives will win the next election.
Promises / requests / refusals / offers.
I'll help you with your homework.
Will you give me a hand?
I won't go!

In a similar way, we often use 'will' when we're talking about a decision at the moment
of speaking. We are usually making an offer or promise or talking about something that
we want to do.
A: I'm cold.
B: I'll close the window.
1. Complete the sentences with will (‘ll) in positive form:

a. If I arrive late, I (call) __________ you.
b. They (help) __________ you.
c. Maybe he (stay) __________ at home tonight.
d. My friends (go/probably) __________ to the English class.
e. Peter (buy) __________ the photocopies for maths.
f. I hope that my friend (bring) __________ the book tonight.
g. I’m sure my boss (understand) __________ my problem.
h. I (get) __________ you a drink. Do you like coffee?
i. Maybe my sister (do) __________ a language course in London.
j. Perhaps Mary (do) __________ that for her sister.
k. It’s late. I think I (go) __________ to the break now.
2. Complete the sentences with will in negative form:
a. I (answer) __________ the question.
b. My brother (lock) __________ the door.
c. The boy (catch) __________ the teacher’s ideas.
d. I (read) __________ that magazine.
e. We (send) __________ that present to my friend.
f. She (open) __________ the door.
g. He (listen) __________ to the radio.
h. It (rain) __________.
i. You (ask) __________ him.

j. The teacher (test) __________ our English.
3. Complete the sentences with will in interrogative form:
a. (you / go / to the party) ________________________________ ?
b. (James / open / the window) ________________________________ ?
c. (she / get /an excellent mark) ________________________________ ?
d. (you / help / me / with my homework) ________________________________ ?
e. (What / we / do) ________________________________ ?
f. (When / Megan / be / famous) ________________________________ ?
g. (they/ visit/ their grandparents) ________________________________ ?
h. (we / meet /the teacher) ________________________________ ?
i. (I / earn/ lots of money) ________________________________ ?
j. (Who / drive / us / into town) ________________________________ ?
k. (you / meet / your friends) ________________________________ ?
4. Read the text about our future world:

Imagine this…You wake up in the morning. A
soft light turns on in your room. You go into the
bathroom and the shower starts. The water is
the perfect temperature. After your shower, you
go into the kitchen. Your favorite breakfast is
already cooked, and it’s on the table, ready to
eat. Now it’s time to go to work. It’s a rainy day.
You live alone, but you find that your umbrella
and hat are already by the door. How is all this
possible? Welcome to your future life!
Appliances That Talk
Technology will allow homes in the future to be “smart.” Appliances will communicate with
each other—and with you. Your stove, for instance, will tell you when your food is cooked
and ready to eat. Refrigerators will suggest recipes based on food items you already have.
The technology is possible because of tiny information-storing devices called RFID1 chips.
People already use them to keep track of pets and farm animals. Future RFID chips will store
information about all the items in your cabinets.2 For example, they will record the date that

you bought each item. Other devices will “read” this information using radio waves. When
you need more food, your cabinets will tell you to buy it.
Houses That Think
Are you tired of the color or pattern of your walls? In a smart home, you won’t have to
repaint them. The walls will actually be digital screens, like computer or TV screens. The
technology is called OLED,3 and it’s here already. OLEDs are tiny devices that use electricity
to light things. You can find the same technology in today’s thin TV screens. OLED walls will
become clear, like windows, or display colors and patterns, like walls. A computer network
will link these walls with everything else in your house. Called “ambient4 intelligence,” this
computer “brain” will control your entire house. It will also adapt to your preferences. Your
house will learn about your likes and dislikes. It will then use that knowledge to control the
environment. For example, it will set the heat in the house to your favorite temperature. It
will turn on the shower at the right temperature. It will also darken the windows at night
and lighten them when it’s time to wake up.
Robots That Feel?
But how about your cooked breakfast, and the umbrella and hat you found by the door?
For those, you can thank your robot helper. Futurologists predict that many homes will have
robots in the future. Robots already do many things such as building cars and vacuuming
floors. But scientists today are starting to build friendlier, more intelligent robots—ones that
people will feel more comfortable having around in the house. Sociable5 robots will be able
to show feelings with their faces, just like humans. They will smile and frown, make eye
contact, and speak. These robots will do work around the house such as cooking and
cleaning. They will even take care of children and the elderly. How soon will this smart
home be a reality? There’s a good chance it will be a part of your life in 25 or 30 years,
perhaps sooner. Much of the technology is already here.
5. Read each statement below. Then circle T for true and F for
false, according to the reading. Correct the false statements.
Appliances That Talk
a. Someday, kitchen cabinets will tell you it’s time to buy more food. T F
………………………………………………………………………………………
b. RFID chips are already used today for keeping track of children. T F
………………………………………………………………………………………
Houses That Think
c. People will change their wall patterns using RFID technology. T F
………………………………………………………………………………………
d. Darkening windows at night is an example of ambient intelligence. T F
………………………………………………………………………………………
Robots That Feel?
e. Scientists are building robots that can help take care of elderly people. T F

………………………………………………………………………………………
f. Robots will soon be more intelligent and sociable than humans. T F
………………………………………………………………………………………
Future going to:

We often use 'be going to' to talk about our future intentions and plans. We have usually
made our plans before the moment of speaking.
A: We've run out of milk. B: I know, I'm going to buy some.
We can also use 'be going to' to make a prediction about the future. Often it's possible to
use both 'be going to' and 'will' but it's more common to use 'be going to' if we can see
evidence in the present.
Look at those boys playing football! They're going to break the window.
The sky is getting darker and darker. It's going to rain.
What are Jim, Susan and Eve going to do after school? And what aren't they
going to do?
1. Look and make sentences using future going to.

Example:
Jim
+ watch a film
- eat lunch
Jim is going to watch a film.
He isn't going to eat lunch.

2. What are you going to do tonight? And what aren't you going to do? Write
true answers.
 read a book
 have a party
 go to bed early
 talk to my family
 hang out with friends
 study English
......................................................................................................................... ...................
...................................................................................................... ......................................
................................................................................... .........................................................
................................................................ ............................................................................
............................................. ...............................................................................................
..........................
3. Use the following sentences to respond to situations in 1 - 8.
 He is going to win.
 You are going to fail.
 I'm going to be ill.
 It isn't going to rain.
 I'm not going to be ill.
 You aren't going to fail.
 It's going to rain.
 He isn't going to win.

1 Look at the
clouds. .........................................................................................................................
2 Why don't you learn for the
test? ..............................................................................................................
3 I'm so
tired. .........................................................................................................................
4 The sun is
shining. .........................................................................................................................
5 You are learning so
hard. .........................................................................................................................
6 I'm OK. .........................................................................................................................
7 He is playing so
well. .........................................................................................................................
8 He is the worst tennis player of
all. .........................................................................................................................
4. Use the words in brackets and "going to" to do the following:
1. Complete the question. 2. Correct the wrong information.
3. Write the correct answer.


UNIT 5
Present Perfect
Practice
1. Read the following Web article. Pay special attention to the present perfect
tense. Underline present perfect verbs.
Since its start in 1998, Google has become one of

the most popular search engines. It has grown from
a research project in the dormitory room of two
college students to a business that now employs
approximately 20,000 people.
Google’s founders, Larry Page and Sergey Brin, met in 1995 when they
were in their twenties and graduate students in computer science at Stanford University
in California. They realized that Internet search was a very important field and began
working together to make searching easier. Both Page and Brin left their studies at
Stanford to work on their project.

Interestingly, they have never returned to finish their degrees. Brin was born in Russia,
but he has lived in the U.S. since he was five years old. His father was a mathematician
in Russia. Page, whose parents were computer experts, has been interested in computers
since he was
six years old.
When Google started in 1998, it did 10,000 searches a day. Today it does 235 million
searches a day in 40 languages. It indexes 1 trillion Web pages.
How is Google different from other search engines? Have you ever
noticed how many ads and banners there are on other search engines?
News, sports scores, stock prices, links for shopping, mortgage rates, and
more fill other search engines. Brin and Page wanted a clean home page.
They believed that people come to the Internet to search for specific
information, not to be hit with a lot of unwanted data. The success of Google over its
rivals has proved that this is true.
Over the years, Google has added new features to its Web site: Google
Images, where you can type in a word and get thousands of pictures; Google News,
which takes you to today’s news; Google Maps; and more. But one thing hasn’t
changed: the clean opening page that Google offers its users.
In 2009, Forbes.com listed Page and Brin as having net worths of $12 billion each at 36
and 35 years old.
2. Are the sentences true or false?
a. Google has become a very popular search engine.
b. Google has grown over the years.
c. Sergey Brin has lived in the U.S. all his life.
d. Larry Page and Sergey Brin have known each other since they were children.
e. Larry Page has been interested in computers since he was a child.
f. Brin and Page have returned to college to finish their degrees.
g. Brin and Page have become rich.
h. The noun “Google” has become a verb.
3. Write their past participle form:

4. Fill in the blanks to form the present perfect. Use a contraction.

a. You ________________(buy) a new computer.
b. I ________________(learn) a lot about computers.
c. We________________ (read) the story about Google.
d. Larry________________ (know) Sergey since they were at Stanford
University.
e. They ________________ (not know) each other since they were
children.
f. It ________________(be) easy for me to learn about computers.
g. You ________________(use) the Internet many times.
h. Larry and Sergey ________________ (not finish) their degrees.

Adverbs
5. Add the word in parentheses ( ) to the sentence.

You have gotten an e-mail account. (probably)
You have probably go en an e-mail account.
a. The teacher has given a test on Lesson 8. (already)
_____________________________________________________
b. We have heard of Page and Brin. (never)
_____________________________________________________
c. They have been interested in search technology. (always)
_____________________________________________________
d. You have used Google. (probably)
_____________________________________________________
e. Brin hasn’t finished his degree. (even)
_____________________________________________________
f. Brin and Page have become billionaires. (already)
_____________________________________________________
6. Write four sentences telling about things you’ve always done (or been).
a. ______________________________________________________
b. ______________________________________________________
c. ______________________________________________________
d. ______________________________________________________

7. Write four sentences telling about things you’ve never done (or been) but
would like to.
a. ______________________________________________________
b. ______________________________________________________
c. ______________________________________________________
d. ______________________________________________________

BIBLIOGRAPHY
 Evans, V., Dooley, J. & Wright, S. (2011), Information Technology, England,

Express Publishing.
 Evans, V., Dooley, J. & Wright, S. (2011), Information Technology Workbook,
England, Express Publishing.
 Hill, D. (2013), English for information technology 2, United States, Pearson
Education.
 Olejniczak, M. (2011), English for information technology 1, England, Pearson
Education.
 Remacha Esteras, S. (2009) Infotech English for computer users 4 th edition,
England, Cambridge Univeristy Press.
 www.ego4u.com
 https://linguapress.com/technical-texts.htm
 https://www.perfect-english-grammar.com/tenses.html
 http://englishonlineclub.com/pdf/Technical%20English%20-%20Vocabulary
%20and%20Grammar%20[EnglishOnlineClub.com].pdf
 https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/grammar/who_which.htm
 https://www.thoughtco.com/english-for-information-technology-1210344
 www.englishforskills.com
 www.english4it.com

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IES 9-008 INSTITUTO

SUPERIOR MANUEL BELGRANO

Name: Báccaro Maximiliano

Prof. Analía S. Gutierrez Sede Rodeo del Medio 2

Prof. Analía S. Gutierrez Sede Rodeo del Medio 3

Prof. Analía S. Gutierrez Sede Rodeo del Medio 4

1. Read the text. Identify different parts of speech.

A computer is a programmable machine designed to automatically carry out a sequence of

carries out computations

costly, have opened new horizons in information technology.

Prof. Analía S. Gutierrez Sede Rodeo del Medio 5

Prof. Analía S. Gutierrez Sede Rodeo del Medio 6

a) Apple launched the top-ten mobile phone.

b) It is a new language of programming.

c) The teacher is with the students in the computer lab.

d) She! The class is working well.

Regular Nouns: Rules and Examples

Prof. Analía S. Gutierrez Sede Rodeo del Medio 7

Prof. Analía S. Gutierrez Sede Rodeo del Medio 8

1. Find the following words in the word search:

2. Write their plural form

Prof. Analía S. Gutierrez Sede Rodeo del Medio 9

You can also use the present simple with you.

1. Complete the following imperatives. Use the verbs given:

Prof. Analía S. Gutierrez Sede Rodeo del Medio 10

Prof. Analía S. Gutierrez Sede Rodeo del Medio 11

Prof. Analía S. Gutierrez Sede Rodeo del Medio 12

Prof. Analía S. Gutierrez Sede Rodeo del Medio 13

Have got and has got

Simple present: action verbs

Prof. Analía S. Gutierrez Sede Rodeo del Medio 14

I you we they Verb We use the mouse.

Prof. Analía S. Gutierrez Sede Rodeo del Medio 15

1. Add –s, -es or –ies to the following verbs.

Prof. Analía S. Gutierrez Sede Rodeo del Medio 16

Prof. Analía S. Gutierrez Sede Rodeo del Medio 17

5. Complete with the correct subject. Use the words given:

Prof. Analía S. Gutierrez Sede Rodeo del Medio 18

Jim studies IT. Look at his timetable. Discuss:

Prof. Analía S. Gutierrez Sede Rodeo del Medio 19

Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday

6. Look at Jim’s table and describe his week.

Prof. Analía S. Gutierrez Sede Rodeo del Medio 20

Prof. Analía S. Gutierrez Sede Rodeo del Medio 21

Prof. Analía S. Gutierrez Sede Rodeo del Medio 22

Rules for adding –ing

Infinitive ING form

Prof. Analía S. Gutierrez Sede Rodeo del Medio 23

Infinitive ING form

Infinitive ING form

Infinitive ING form

Prof. Analía S. Gutierrez Sede Rodeo del Medio 24

Infinitive ING form

1. Add-ing to the following verbs.

Prof. Analía S. Gutierrez Sede Rodeo del Medio 25

Prof. Analía S. Gutierrez Sede Rodeo del Medio 26

Prof. Analía S. Gutierrez Sede Rodeo del Medio 27

Simple present vs present continuous.

Prof. Analía S. Gutierrez Sede Rodeo del Medio 28

Prof. Analía S. Gutierrez Sede Rodeo del Medio 29

Prof. Analía S. Gutierrez Sede Rodeo del Medio 30

Simple past: regular verbs

Prof. Analía S. Gutierrez Sede Rodeo del Medio 31