Haemophilus influenzae infection

I. Pathogenesis
The pathogenesis of H influenzae infections is not completely understood, but the presence of the type b
polysaccharide capsule is a major factor in virulence. Encapsulated organisms can penetrate the epithelium of
the nasopharynx and invade blood capillaries directly. Nontypable strains are less invasive, but they, as well as
typable strains, induce an inflammatory response that causes disease; production of exotoxins is not thought to
play a role in pathogenicity. Nontypable H influenzae strains colonize the nasopharynx of most normal
individuals, but type b H influenzae strains are found in only 1 to 2 percent of normal children. Outbreaks of type
b infection occur, especially in nurseries and child care centers; prophylactic administration of antibiotics may be
used. Vaccination with type b polysaccharide appears to be effective in preventing infection, and vaccines are
now available for routine use.

II. Laboratory Diagnosis: Serological and/or Molecular Techniques

III. Management

IV. Prevention

References