(Free Scores - Com) Champlin John Denison Cyclopedia Music and Musicians Volume Easter Mysteres 57853

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CYCLOPEDIA OF
Music and Musicians
Volume II
EASTER MYSTERES
CYCLOPEDIA OF
MUSIC AND MUSICIANS
EDITED BY
JOHN DENISON CHAMPLIN, JR.
CRITICAL EDITOR
WILLIAM FOSTER APTHORP
ly/TH MOKE THAN ONE THOUSAND ILLUSTRATIONS
VOLUME II
NEW YORK
CHARLES SCRIBNER'S SONS
MDCCCLXXX IX
»j (-W 1-^ . ^
Copyright, i88g, by
Charles Scribner's Sons.

Library
\ o
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
hUI.I.-P/1GH POUTRy/irS
To Face
Page
1. CHARLES GOUNOD
From a photograph by Nadar, Parii, 48
2. GEORGE FRIDERIC HANDEL

h'roin the engrdviiig hv IV. Brotiilrv, after the paiiitiiig bv HiiJsoti, . . 96
3. JOSEF HAYDN
From the engraving bv Skhliiig, after the painting by Roster, . . 144
4. ORLANDO LASSO
From the engraving by lohann Sadeler (16^2), 192
5. FRANZ LISZT
From a contemporary sisetch by Reiioiiarii, 240
6. JEAN BAPTISTE LULLY ^>,^r
From the eiigraviitg by Jt-.iii Louis Roiillct, after the paint iiig by Paul Miguard, 288
7. FELIX MENDELSSOHN-BARTHOLDY
From the engraving by G. Seidel, 18^2 5J6
a GIACOMO MEYERBEER
From the lithograph by Ch. yogi. 1849, S^4
9. WuLhUAiNG AiWADEUS MOZART

From the engraving by Sichling, after the painting by Tiscbbein, . . 432
10. JOHN KNOWLES PAINE

From a photograph by Balt^ly, Cambridge, Mass., ..... 480
11. GIOVANNI PIERLUIGI DA PALESTRINA

From the engraving by Boettcher, after the portrait in the yatiean, . ^28
12. HENRY PURCELL

From the engraving by Zobel, after the painting by CJostermau, . . 576
PORTRAITS OF MUSICIANS.
DRAWN I!Y VAI,P;i!IEK GKIBAY£U0FP.
PAOK
1. Eberlin, Daniel 2 34. Gleason, Frederic Grant 155
2. Eckert, Karl 4 35. Glinka, ^lichail Ivauovitch 156
3. Eilcly, Clarence 5 36. Glover, John William 157
4. Eicliber}^, Julius 8 37. Gluck, Christoph Willibald von. . 158
5. Elvey, Sir George Job 15 38. Goes, Daniiao de 164
6. Ernst, Heinrich Wilhelui 25 39. Goetz, Hermann 164
40. Goldbeck,Robert 165
7. Fasch, Karl Friedricli Christian. . 43 41. Goldmark, Karl 167
8. Faure, Jean Baptists 45 42. Goldschmidt, Otto 167
9. Fesca, Friedricli Ernst 57 43. Gomez, Antonio Carlos 169
10. Fetis, Francois Josepli 5t) 44. Gossec, Frantyois Joseph 172
11. Fiel.l, John 03 4-3. Gottschalk, Louis Moreau 176
12. Fiorillo, Federi^'o 70 46. Gounod, Charles, in 1840 178
13. Floei-slieini, Otto 70 47. Gounod, Charles, in 1886 178
14. Flotow, FriedricL von 78 48. Graben-Hoffmanu, Gustav 180
15. Foggia, Francesco 80 49. Griidener, Karl 181
IG. Foster, Stephen Collins 85 50. Gi-ammann, Carl 183
17. Frederick the Great 06 51. Graun, Karl- Heinrich 186
18. Frost, Charles Joseph 103 52. Gr.'try, Andre 192
53. Grieg, Edvard 194
19. Gade, Niels 109 54. Grisar, .Albert 196
20. Gadsby, Henry Robert Ill 55. GrUnfeld, Alfred 201
21. Garrett, George :Mursell 121 50. Griltzmachei", Friedricli 201
22. Gaul, Alfred 125 57. Guignon, Jean Pierre 205
23. Geniiniani, Francesco 132 58. Gumbert, Ferdinand 208
24. Gerber, Ernst Ludwig 134 59. Gumpeltzliaimer, Adam 208
25. Gericke, Wilhclni 135 60. Gung'l, Joseph 209
26. Gernsheini, Friedricli 137
27. Gibbons, Christopher 143 61. Habeneck, Fran<,ois .rbitoine 211
28. Gibbons, Orlando 144 6-2. Hah'vy, Fromentjil 215
29. Gilbert, Thomas Bennett 146 03. HaUe,' Charles 217
30. Gilbert, Walter Bond 140 64. Hamerik, Asger 218
31. Gilchrist, William Wallace 140 65. Hammcrschmidt, .\jidreas 220
32. Giovanelli, Ruggicro 150 00. Handel, George Frideric 221
33. Gladstone, Francis Edward 154 07. Hartmann, Emil 232
vU
I'oirrh'A/TS OF M ['SIC FANS
G8. Hartinann, Eniil, elder 232 113. Jakabowski, IC.Uiard 324

(!!). Hartinann, Ludwig 2;{3 i
114. Jeep, Johann 329
70. Has.se, Johann Atlolph 234 ;
115. Jekyll, Charles Sherwood 330
71. Ha.s.sler, Hans Leo 23G ;
110. Jensen, Adolf. 330
72. Hassler, Johann AVillielni 237 117. Joachim, Joseph 334
73. Hatton, Jolm Lipliot 237 118. Jommelli, Niccolo 336
7-t. Hanptmann, Sloritz 238 119. Jouciei'es, Victorin dc 339
75. Hauser, IMislca 240 1
120. Joseffy, Rafael 339
70. Hawes, William 241 S121. Joze, Thomas Richard (ionzalvez. 342
77. Haydn, Josef 241 122. Julien, Louis Antoiue 345
78. Haydn, Jlicliael 247
7'.). Heap, Charles Swinnerfon 248 123. Kalkbreimer, Friedrieh 349
HO. Heller, Stephen 252 124. Kalliwoda, Johann Wenzel 350
81. Hellmesbei'ger, Joseph 253 125. Kerl, Johann Kaspar von 3G1
82. Henschel, Gcorg 25G 120. Kcs, Willem 362
83. Hcuselt, Adolf von 257 127. Kiel, Friedrich 364
84. Herbeck, Johann Franz von 259 128. King, Oliver 307
85. Herman, Keinhold Ludwig 200 j
129. Kirchner, Theodor 369
80. H.'rold, Louis 202 i 130. Kirnbergcr, Johann Philiiip 370
87. Hervc 205 131. Kjerulf, Halfdan .371
88. Herz, Henri 200 132. Klein, Bruno Oscar 374

89. Heymann, Karl 209 133. Klughardt, August 378
90. Hiles, Henry 270 134. Kiihler, Louis 381
91. HiUer, Ferdinand 270 135. Kontski, Antoine de 385
92. Hiller,Johaun Adam 273 136. Koibay, Francis Alexander 380
93. Hilton, Jolm 274 137. Krause, Anton 391
94. Himmel, Friedrich Heinrieh 274 138. Krebs, Karl August 392
95. Hoffmann, Ernst 277 139. Kretschmer, Edmund 393
96. Hoffman, Richard 279 140. Kreutzer, Konradin 395
97. Hofmann, Heinrieh 280 141. Kreutzer, Rodolphe 396
98. Holder, Joseph "William 282 142. Kriegcr, Adam 397
99. Holmes, Henry 283 143. Kronnner, Pi'anz 399
100. Holstein, Franz von 284 Wilhelm
144. Kiickeu, Friedrich 401
101. Homiliu.s, Gottfried August 280 ;
Kuhe, Wilhelm 145. 402
102. Hook, James 287 140. Kuhlau, Friedrich 402
103. Hoi)kins, Jerome 288 147. Kullak, Theodor 405
104. Hopkins, Edward John 288 148. Kummer, Friedrich August 405
105. Hornem.an, Einil Christian 290
lOG. Horsley, William 291 149. Labitzky, Joseph 411
107. Hummel, Johann Nepomuk 298 150. Lachner, Franz 411
108. Hyllested, August 303 151. Lahee, Henry 410
152. Lalande, Michel Richard de 417
109. Hiffe, Frederick 306 153. Lalo, fidouard 417
110. Isouard, Nicolo 31G 154. Lalouette, Jean Fran5ois 417
155. Lampe, Johann Friedrich 419
111. Jadassohn, Salomon 321 150. Lang, Benjamin Johnson 420
112. Jaell, Alfred 322 157. Laniere, Nicholas 422
POIiTnAlTS OF .Mf'S/CIANS
PAOB
158. Lanner, Joseph 423 198. Maretzek, Max 518
159. Lassen, E-luard 4-25 199. Marschner, Heinrich 524
160. Lasso, Orlando 42(; 200. Martini, fliovanni Battista 528
161. Lavallce, Culixa 434 201. :^rarx, Adolph Bernhard 530
162. Lawes, Henry 4:?4 202. Marzials, Theophilus 531
163. Leclair, Jean' llario 437 203. ]\Lason, Lowell 532
164. Leeocq, Charles 438 204. JIasse, Victor 534
165. Lefebure-Welj, Louis James Al- 20.5. ^Massenet, Jules 534
fred 440 206. Mattheson, Joliann 539
166. Lejeune, Claude 444 207. Mayer, Charles 540
167. Leo, Leonardo 447 208. Mi'iuil, Etienne Xieolas 547
168. Leschetitzky, Tlieodor 4."j0 20!». Meinardus, Ludwig 549
169. Leslie, Henry 450 210. Mendelssohu-Bartholdj-, Felix, iu
170. Lesueur, Jean Franyois 451 1821 \ 552
171. Leveridpe, Richard 454 211. Mendelssohu-Bartholdy, Felix . . . 553
172. Liehlinn;, Eniil 458 212. Mercadante, Saverio 560
173. Lindpaintner, Peter von 463 213. Merkel, Gustav 562
174. Lii)iuski, Karl Joseph 466 214. Mermet, Auguste 563
175. Liszt, Franz, in 1844 467 215. Methfessel, Albert Gottlhb 568
176. Liszt, Franz, in 18S6 46S 21(;. Metr.a, Olivier 568
177. Litolti; Henry 470 217. Meyerbeer, Giacomo 569
178. Lobe, Joh.-inn Christian 472 2 IS. J[ifler, Edward 573
179. Look, Matthew 474 219. :Millr,eker, Karl 574
180. Loder, Edward James 474 220. Mills, Sebastian Baeh 575
181. Loewe, Karl 476 221. Jlolleuhauer, Edward 580
182. Loftier, Johaini Bernhard 477 222. Moudonville, Jean Joseph Cas-
183. Longlnirst, William Henry 481 sanea de 580
".
184. Lortzing. Albert 484 223. Jlonk, Edwin George 581
185. Lully, Jean Baptiste 492 224. ^lonsigny, Pierre Alexandre 583
186. Lurabye, Hans Christian 495 j
225. Monte, Philippe de 584
187. Luther, :Martin 496 !
226. Morales, Cristofaiio 586
188. Lvoft; Alexis 498 227. ^lorgan, George Washbourn .... 587
228. Moscheles, Ignaz 590
189. Maas, Louis 498 229. ^losel, Ignaz Franz vou 593
190. ]\Iaccunn, Hamish 500 230. Jloszkowski, Moritz 594
191. Macfarren, Sir George Alexan- 231. Mottl, Felix 594
der .501 232. Mozart, Leopold 59G
192. JLicirone, Clara Angela 502 23.3. ^Mozart, Wolfgang Amadeus, in
193. ISIackenzie, Alexander Campbell. . 502 boyhood 596
194. Maelean, Charles Donald 502 234. Mozart, Wolfgang Am.adeus. in
195. Marcello, Benedetto 514 1789 598
196. Mai'chand, Louis 515 235. Mozart, Wolfgang Amadeus, in
197. Marchetti, Filippo 517 1790 598
PORTRAITS OF SINGERS, AUTOGRAPHS, FACSIMILES,
ETC.
1. Autogi-fiph of Ludwig Elilert, 1804 s 20.

2. Persiaui, as Adina 13
3. Portrait of Minna Peschka-Leut- 127.
ner 19!
4. Aiitogi-aph of Heiurich Wilhelin 28.
Ernst, 1843
5. Caroline Dupres;, as Catherine .... 29
G. Battaille, as Pierre
7. Portrait of Henrietta Soutag
8. Portrait of Caffiirelli
9. Autograph of Johann Friedrich
Fasch, 1713
10. Autograph of Jean Baptiste
Faurc
11. Miolan-Carvalho, as Marguerite. . .
12. Rosinc Htolz, as Li'onore

13. Portrait of Jenny Lind
14. Portrait of Alexandrine Brancliu..
15. Autogi-aph of Fran<;ois Josei>h Fe-
tis, 1853
IG. Portrait of Schnklcr-Devrient ....

17. Autograph of John Field, 1815. . .
18. Max Stiigemann, as Der Fliegcndo

Hollrmdcr
19. Autograph of Friedrich von Flotow
20. Autograph of Johann Nieolaus For-
kel, 1804
21. Charles Sautley, as Fra Diavolo. .
22. Autogi-aph of Melehior Franck,

1038
23. Facsimile of the MS. of Robert
Franz
24. Autograph of Robert Franz
25. Portrait of Therese Malteu
PORTRAITS OF SINGERS, AUTOGRAPHS, ETC.
49. Nilsson, as Ophelie 21'J 79. Autograph of Gottfried August

50. Autograph of Andreas Hamiuer- Homilius, 1755 28G
schmidt, lG7u 221 80. Portrait of Giuseppe Mario 295
51. Facsiinile of Handel's MS. : firet 81. Autograph of Johann Nepomuk
page of The Messiah 222 Hummel, 182G 299
52. Birthplace of Handel 223 82. Portrait of Sophie Arnould 311
53. Handel's Harpsichord, South Ken- 83. Portrait of Rosalie Levasseur. 312 . . .
sington Museum 22-1 8-1. Autograph of Heinrich Isaak,

54. Death-:Mask of Handel 224 1497 314
55. Hanilel Statue at Halle 225 ! 85. Autograpli of Nicol" Isouard,
5G. Handbook-Plate, Coninieiuoration, 1807 317
|
1784 22(! 8G. Elleviou, as Jean de I'aris 329

57. Autograph of Handel, 1730 227 87. Autograph of Adolf Jensen 331
58. Autograph of Handel, 1759, after j
88. Portrait of Mathilde Malliuger. . . 332
his bhndness 227 89. Autogr.aph of Niccolo Jonuuelli,
59. Portrait of Eugeu Gura 22S 1752 338
CO. Autograph of Johanii Adolph j
90. Falcon, as Rachel 344
Hasse, 1757 23(5 , 91. Autograph of Friedricli Kalkbreu-
01. Autogi-aph of Hans Leo Hassler, ner, 1828 349
l(i05 23G 92. Autograph of Friodrii-h Kiel,
G2. Autograph of Jacob Hassler, 1G09 237 . 1880 3G4
G3. Autograph of Moritz Haujjtniann, 93. Autograph of Theodor Kirchner,
1842 239 I
1878 3G9
64. Facsimile of Haydn's MS. : from 94. Autograph of Joliaiiu Pliilipp
Divertimenti for String Instru- Kirnberger, 1780 370
ments 242 95. Autograph of Konradin Kreutzer,
05. Silhouette of Haydn 243 !
1819 395
00. Birthplace of Haydn 243 '
9G. Autograph of Johann Philipp

G7. Haydn's Tomb. .'.
244 Krieger, 1077 398
G8. .Vutograph of Josef Haydn 24G ,
97. Autograph of Franz Lacliner,
G9. Autograph of David Hciuichen, 1804 412
1710 250 98. L'Allemand, as Laknu' 41G
70. Autograph of Stephen Heller, 99. Autograph of Eduard Lassen,
1880 253 1871 425
I
71. Autogi-aph of Adolf von Henselt, !

100. Autograph of Orlando Lasso,
1882 258 1.573 430
72. Portrait of Adelaide Borghi-Mamo. 259 101. Autograph of Giovanni Legrenzi,
73. Autograph of Louis Herold, 1814. 204 1GG5 443
74. Autogi-aph of Herve 20(5 102. Autograph of Leonardo Leo,
75. Autogi-aph of Ferdinand Hiller, 1741 448
|
18G3 273 103. Autogi-aph of Jean Fian(,'ois Le-

70. Autograph of Johann Adam Hiller, sueur, 1828 453
j
1775 274 104. Portrait of Annie Louise Gary. 401 . .
77. Autograph of Ernst Hofifmann, 1

105. Autogi-aph of Peter von Lind-
1816 278 paintner, 1836 404
78. Autograph of Franz von Holsteiu, j
106 Facsimile of Liszt's MS. from :
1872 284' Christus 469

POirriiAITS OF SINGERS, AUTOGnAri/S, ETC.
107. Autograph of Franz Liszt, lS:iO.. 470 i:i3. Autograph of .Jakob Meiland,
108. rortniit of Anna Crouch 47ij
j\[aria . . 1570 548
109. Autograph of Karl Loewe, 1829. 477 . i:i4. Eniil Fischer, as Haus Sachs .... 550
110. Autograph of Johanu Bernhanl i:!"). Mendelssohn's Birthplace 553
Logier, 182G 477 i:J(J. Facsiuiile of Meudelssohu's M.S.
111. Emil Goetz, as Lohengrin 478 Wer hat dich, du schimer
112. Albani, a.s Elsa 479 AVald 55G
li;j. Autograph of Albert Lortzing, 137. -Vutograph of Mendelssohn 558
18.^0 484 138. Autograjjh of Saverio ilerca-
114. Autograph of Antonio Lotti, daute, 1838 501
1739 487 139. Portrait of Clara Novello 5G6
115. Portrait of Dolores Nau 490 140. Portrait of Sims Reeves 5GG
11(5. Portrait of Theresa Tietjens 491 141. Autograph of Giaconio Jlever-
117. Portrait of Anna de Lagrange. . . 492 beer, 1820 .".
. . 571
118. Autogi-aph of Jeau Baptiste '
142. Sigrid Arnoldson, as Mignon. 572 . . .
Lulh-, 1072 494 143. Autograph of 'Willielm Beruhard

119. Autograph of /Uexis Lvoft", 18.57 . 498 Molique, 1831 579
120. Portrait of IMarianno Brandt 507 144. Autograph of Pierre Ale.\andre
121. Autograjjh of Benedetto Marcello, Mousigny, 1795 583
1711 515 145. Autograph of Claudio Jloute-
122. Autograph of Friedricli \\'illielm verde, 1017 585
Mari)urg, 1757 523 140. Autograph of Francesco Jlorlac-
123. -Vutograph of Heinrich IMarsch- chi 588
uer 525 147. Tomb of Jloschelcs, Leijjsic 590
124. Portrait of Marzella Scmbrich .. . 52() 148. Autograph of Moschelcs, 184G. . . 591
125. Autograjih of Giovanni Battista 149. Autograph of Êoritz Moszkow-
Martini, 17G5 528 ski 594
120. Autograph of Jules ^lassenet. .. . 535 150. Autograph of Leopold Moziwt,
127. Portrait of Jean Blaise ^lartin. . . 535 1770 59G
128. Portrait of Maria Felicita Mali- 151. Facsimile of ilozart's MS. : Goe-
bran 537 the's " Das Veilchen." 597
129. Autograph of Stanislao :\Iattei, 152. ^[ozart's Birthplace 599
1817 538 153. ]\Iozart's ^Monument, Vienna GOl
130. Pasta, as Medea 544 154. Mozart's Ear and Ordinary Ejir . GOl
131. Portrait of Alwina Valleria 54« 155. Autograph of Mozart, 1770 G04
132. Autograph of Etienne Nicolas 150. Autogi'aph of August Gottlieb
Mehul, 1800 548 Muffat, 1717 I
GOG
TABLE OF ABBREVIATIONS.
A., Alto. jr., Jlonsionr.

B., Bass, Basso, etc. Mile, iMadcmoisclle.
Bar., Baritone. Mnie, JIadame.
B. M v., Boata Jlaria VirRO. MS., ALSS., Manuscript, Manuscripts.
Biog., Bioi^raphj", Biogratia, etc. M. S., Mezzo-soprano.
Cath., Cathedral. Mus. Bac, Bachelor of Music.
Cli., Church. Mus. Doc, Doctor of Music.
Col., Collection. n. d., no date.
do., ditto. op., opus, opera.

etc., et cetera. 11. .V. M., Roj'al Academy of Music.
et seq., et se(inentii'L S., Soprano.
Fr., French. S., Sta., San, Santa.
Ger., German. S. M., Santa Mariix.
ib., ibidem. Sp., Sjianish.
id., idem. St., Saint.
It., Italian. T., Tenor.

L. of Honour Legion of Honour. Voc, Voces.
Lib., Liber. Vol., Volume.
I Con/.-! ill ilalics inilicale the alphabetical place of articles on the snlijects .fpecijieil.
CYCLOPEDIA
Music AND Musicians.
EASTER ORATORIO. See Osler-Ora- peln. Works — Operas : Dcr Schutzgeist,

toriuni. given in Berlin, 17'.)S; Selico und Borissa,
EBDON, TH0:\IA8, born in Dur- ib., 1798 ; Der Deserteur, IMelida, ib., 1799 ;
ham, Englaiul, died there, Sept. 23, I)er Brautigainsspicgol, Breslau, 1800 Das
ill 17:58, ;
1811. Organist of Durham Cathedral from Fest der Liebe, ib., 1801 Die Gaben des ;
17G3 until his death. Works 2 volumes of Genius, ib., 1802 Das Fest im Eichthale,
: ;
cathedral music (1790-1810) ; Collection of ib., 1807 ; Anacreou in Jonien, ib., 1810 ;
six glees (1780) ; 2 sonatas for the harpsi- Der Nachtwilchter, ib., 1812 ; JIusic to the
chord (about 1780) ; Anthems and other tragedy Die XJnsterblichkeit, or-
L.irnassa ;
churcli music in 'MH. — Grove ; Jlendel. atorio ;Wiederselien, cantata Lob der ;
EI5ELING, JOHAXN GEORC}, bora in geselligen Freude, do. 2 funeral cantatas,

;
Liineburg about 1(j20, died in Stettin in and a birthday cantata (1801-3) Preis der ;
1(j7G. He became in 1GG2 nuisical director Tonkunst, cantata .5 symphonies 2 con-; ;
of the Hauptkirche in Berlin and Schulcol- certos for bora 2 polonaises concertantes
;
lege of the St. Nicolaikirchc there, and in for violin and orchestra 4 quartets for ;
1G(!8 professor of music at the Gymnasium violin, viola, and violoncello Ma.ss for two ;
Carolinum of Stettin. Some of his cluirch choruses Instrumental music, and songs
;
melodies are still sung. — Allgem. d. Biogr., for one and several voices. He was also a
V. .')2.'j
; Meudel ; Riemauu ; Schilling ; Fc- distinguished writer on music, and critic.
tis. — Allgem. d. Biogr., v. 525 Allgem. Mus.- ;
EBELL, HEINRICH KARL, bora at Zeitg. Fotis HofTmann, Die Tonktlnstler

; ;
Neu-Ruppin, IMecklenburg, Dee. 30, 1775, Schlesiens (Breslau, 1830) Meudel Schil- ; ;
died at Oppeln, Silesia, IMarch 12, 1824. ling.

Amateur dramatic composer, chiefly self- EBERL, ANTON, born in Vienna. June
taught while a student at the University of 13, 17G(i, died there, March 11, 18117. His
Halle ; then in ]5erlin pupil of Reichardt, father destined him for the law, but he
wlio procured for him in 1801 the appoint- chose iiuisic and became a good i)ianist in
ment his boyhood.
as nuisical director of the theatre at AYlieu sixteen yeai-s old he
]5reslau,which he kept until 1803. He brought out in Vienna two operas, which
entered the government service in 1804, at gained him the friendship of Gluck and
Breslau, and in 1816 as councillor at Op- Mozart. With the latter's widow he made
EBETJJN
fi concert tour in Germany, and in 179G- compositions for their mastery of counter-
1800 he was Kapellmeister in St. Peters- point, and copied thirteen of them, but later
burg. He visited Itussia again in 1803, wrote " They really do not deserve a place :
and played in the chief cities of Germany in between Handel and Bach. All honour to his
1806. As a jiianist his playing was marked four-jiart pieces, but his pianoforte fugues
"
by fire and facility, and his compositions are nothing but long-drawn-out versetti
displayed many beauties, with some con- (Jahn's Mozart, i. -433. iii. 373). Works ; :
fused modulation and striving for effect. IX Toccate e fughe per 1' organo (Augsburg,
Several of his works were published and 1747), several times republished ; Latin
became popular luidcr the name of Mozart. dramas composed for the pujîls of the
—
Works Operas Die Zigeuner, Vicuna, : Benedictines in Salzburg, the words only
1782 La marchande de modes, ib., 1783
; ;
having survived 2 sonatas published by ;
Die Hexe Megara, ib., about 1800 Graf ; Haffner 2 motets published by Schott
; 5 ;
Balduin von Flandern, ib., about 1802 Py- ; pieces contributed to Leopold Mozart's Der
ramus und Tbisbe, melodrama, ib., about Morgen und der Abend (Augsburg, 1759)
1796 Die KOnigin der schwarzeu Inseln,
;
Masses, offertories, and other church mu-
ib., 1801La gloria d' Imeneo, cantata sic in MS., in the libraries of Vienna and
;
;
Symphonies Trios, quartets, a quintet, and Berlin 13 oratorios in the Proske library,
; ;
a sextet Songs Concertos

; Variations
; the best known being the Componimento
; ;
Sonatas, and other pianoforte music. The sacro, performed in Salzburg in 1747.
operas and some other comjjositions have Grove Fetis Mendel Allgem. d. Biogr., — ; ; ;
never been published. — Allgem. d. Biogr., V. 576 ; Schilling.

V. .'572 ; Mendel ; Grove ; Fetis. EBERS, KARL FRffiDRICH, born in
EBERIJX, D.VNIEL, born in Nurem- Cassel, March 25, 1770, died in Berlin,
berg about 1G30, Sept. 9, 1836. He entered the artillery
died in Cassel in school in Berlin while young, but soon
1G91. Violinist turned his attention to music, which he
and composer. He taught was vice-Kajjellmeister at Schwerin ;
had an adventu- in 1799 and later musical director at the ;
rous life was a mu- theatre in Pesth. In 1814 he became di-

;
sical student in rector in a military company, and in 1822

Rome, captain of conducted a musical society in Magdeburg.
Papal troops, later Works Operas Bella und Fernando, — :
librarian in Nu- Pesth, 179G Die Blumeninsel, Pesth, 179G ; ;
remberg, Kapellmeister in Cassel and Eise- Der Eremit von Formentera, 1796; Der
nach, banker in Hamburg and Altona, and Liebes-Compass, Pesth, 1797. Overtures ;
finally captain of militia in Cassek Tele- Sonatas Symphonies Wir sind die Konige ; ;
mann was his son-in-law. Though noted der Welt, and other songs.— Mendel All- ;
in his time, his violin trios, published in gem. d. Biogr., V. 578 Grove Fetis. ; ;
1075, are his only known work-s. Mendel —

EBERWEIN, KARL, born in Weimar, ;
Allgem. d. Biogr., v. 574 Gerber Schil- Nov. 10, 1786, died there, March 2, 1868.
; ;
ling Eiemann Fetis.

; ; Violinist, pupil of his father and of his
EBERLIN, JOHANN ERNST, born at brother, Traugott Maximilian became court ;
Jettenbach, Bavaria, March 27, 1702, died musician in 1803, and later director of the
in Salzburg, June 21, 17G2. He was court court orchestra was a pupil of Zelter in ;
organist to the Archbishop of Salzburg Berlin in 1808-10 and spent the rest of his ;
about 1727, and later his KaiDellmeister and life in Weimar, teaching, singing, and direct-
Truchsess or carver. Mozart studied his ing the church music and the opera. In
EBERWEIX
1849 he was pensioned. He was a contem- was the author of Sehule der Tonselzkunst
poriirj' anil friend of Goetlie, for wliorn lie (Leipsic, 1824) Die hOheren Lehrzweige ;
composed some songs. Works —Operas der Tonkunst (Leipsic, 1830). Mendel
:
— ;
Die HeerscLau, Weimar, about lHi'2 Dcr Schilling Gerber Fetis. ; ; ;
Graf zu Gleiciien, ib., about 184IJ Music ECCAIJD, JOHAXN, born at Mohlhau- ;
for Leonore, and for Preciosa. Overture to sen, Thuringia, 1553, died in Berlin, ICll.
Goethe's ProseqHna Entr'actes Cantatas Organist, pupil of Joachim von Burgk
; ; ;
;
String quartet Songs Music for violin, studied under Orlando La.s.so in Paris and
; ;
and for the flute. Mendel —

Allgem. d. Munich in 1571-74; returned toMiihlhausen,;
Biogr., V. 588 Schilling Fctis, Sujipli- where he lived until 1578, when he became
; ;
ment, i. liOO. director of the private orchestra of Jacob

EBERWEIN, TRAUGOTT JLIXDH- Fugger, of Augsburg. Having entered the
LIAN, born in Weimar, Oct. 27, 1775, died service of Georg Friedrich, Margi-ave of
in Iludolstadt, Dec. 2, 1831. Violinist, pu- Brandenburg-Anspach, lie followed him to
pil of his father, and when only seven j-ears Kijnigsberg in 1583 as assistant Kapellmei-
old played the violin in his father's or- ster, becoming full Kapellmeister in 1599.
chestra. He studied under Schick in Mainz, In 1G08 he went to Berlin as Kapellmeister
and Kunze in Frankfort-on-the-Main be- ; of Joachim Friedrich, and held tliat position
came court musician to the Prince of Rudol- until his death. Works 20 Cantiones :
stadt in 1797 made a concert tour in Ba-

; sacne Helmboldi (Aliihlhausen, 1574) Cre- ;
varia and the Tyrol in 1803, and studied pundia sacra Helmboldi (ib., 1577, 159C ;
counterpoint under Fenaroli in Naples. In 2d ed., Erfurt, 1G08) 24 deutsche Lieder ;
1804 he returned to Eudolstadt in 1817 ; (ib., 1578) Newe deutsche Lieder (KOnigs-
;
became court Kapellmeister, made several berg, 1589) Der erste Tlieil 5-stimmiger ;
concert tours through Germany, and in geistlicher Lieder (ib., 1597) Preussische ;
1818 travelled to Vienna and in Hungary. Festlieder (ib., 1598) O Lamm Gottes, mo- ;
Works — Operas : Claudine von Villabella, tet ; O Freude, chorus ; Hymns ; Chorals.
Rudolstadt, 1815 Pedro und Elvira, ib., ; — ilendel Grove Riemanu Allgem. d. Bi-
; ; ;
1805 Der Jahrmarkt von Pliindersweiler,

; ogr., V. 595 Fctis Naumanu (Ouselej-),
; ;
ib., 1818 Das befreite Jerusalem, Rudol-

; i. 479.
stadt, 1819 Firdusi, ib., 1821
; Das gol- ;
ECCLES, JOHN, born in London about
dene Netz, ib., 1827. The Singspiele: Das the middle of the 17th century, died at
Schlachtturnier; DieFischerin Das Storch- ; Kingston-on-Thames, January, 1735. Dra-
nest Die hohle Eiche. Music for Macbeth
;
;
matic composer, son and pupil of Solomon
Church music, cantatas, hymns, psalms, a Eccles, violin teacher. He was engaged as
Te Deuin, and a mass Symphonies Con- ; ; a composer for the theatre from 1G85 for
cert overtures Songs. He left an unfin-
; nearly a quarter of a century was appointed ;
ished cantata, Der Tod des Alciden. — I\Ien- master of the king's band in 1(J98, and in
del ; Allgem. d. Biogr., v. 589 ; Schilhng ;
1700 gained the second of the four prizes
Gerbcr ; Grove. given for the best settings of Congreve's
EBHARDT, GOTTHH^F FRreDRICH, masque. The Judgment of Paris. In 1701
born Hohenstein in 1771, died ('?). Or-
at he set the ode written by Congreve for the
Tag on the organ and piano-
ganist, p\ipil of celebration of St. Cecilia's Day and in 1710 ;
forte and in composition became organist ; published a collection of nearly one hundred
and teacher at Greiz, and later court or- of his songs, comprising many of those
ganist and director of a singing society at which he had written for forty-six dmmatic
Schleiz. Works Preludes for organ Can- pieces. In the latter part of his life lie
: ;
tatas Chorals, and other church music. He gave up all professional pui-suits except the
;
ECCLESTON
annual production of the royal birtlulaj' and ried for the second time in 1801, and re-
New Year's Works — Ojjeras The moved to Nan(^y. Works G violin concer-
odes. : :
Spanish Friar, 1G81 The Lancashire tos (Ofl'enbacli and Paris)

;
Concerto-sym- ;
Witches, 1GS2 The Chances, 1G82 Justice phony for two violins (Leipsic).
; ;
Mendel — ;
Busj', 1690 The Richmond Heiress, 1G93 lliemann Allgem. d. Biogi\, v G02 Fetis
; ; ; ; ;
Don Qiiixotte (with Purcell), 1G04 ; Love (irove ; Wasielcwski, Die Violine, 191.
for Love, 1G95 ; Europe's llevels for tlie ECKART, JOHANN GOTTFRIED, born
Peace, 1C97 The Sham Doctor, 1G97 The
; ; in Augsburg in 1734, died in Paris, August,
Provoked Wife, 1G97 Kiiialdo and Annida,
; 1809. Pianist, the son of jwor parents, and
1G99 Acis and Galatea, masque, 1701 The
; ;
self-taught. He accompanied the organ-
Mad Lover, 1701 The City Lady The; Georg Andreas Stein, in 1758, to
; builder,
Fair Penitent, 170;5 Semele, 1707. He Paris, where he painted miniatures daj's
;
published a collection of songs for one, two, and studied music nights, until he became
and three voices (London, 1701) Songs in one of the best pianists and teachers of his
;
PiUs to Purge Melancholy, etc. Henry Ec- time. Works G pianoforte sonatas 2 clav- : ;
cles, his brother, a violinist, was a member ecin sonatas Minuet with variations. Men- ; —
of the king's band in Paris. He published del Fetis Schilling. : ; ;
Twelve solos for the violin (Paris, 1720). ECKER, KARL, born at Freiburg, Breis-
—Grove; Fetis; Mendel; Schilling. gau, March 13, 1813, died there, Aug. 31,
ECCLESTON, EDWARD, English com- 1879. Vocal composer, pupil of Sechter in
poser of the 17th century. Nothing is Vienna (1811), returned to Freiburg in 184G,
known of his history. In 1G79 he pub- and soon became popular through his male
lished a curious opera entitled, Noah's choruses and songs. Several orchestral
Flood.— Mendel. works of some merit were produced in his
ECCO IL MONDO. See Mefislofde. native countrj-. Mendel Riemann. — ;
ECCO LA MARCIA. See Nozze di Fi- ECKERSBERG, JOHANN WIL-

garo. HELM, born in Dresden, Aug. 20, 17G2,
ECCO RIDENTE IN CIELO. See A ure- died there, Aug. 20, 1821. Organist, pu-
liano in Palmira Barbiere di Siviglia.
; pil of Homilius, Weinlig, and of his father,
fiCHO ET NARCISSE, opera in three and became organist of the Neustadt Church
acts, text by Baron Tschudi, music by of Dresden in 1789. The music to Schil-
Ghick, represented at the Academie Royale ler's Glocke was his most important pro-
de Musiquo, Paris, Sept. 24, 1779. This duction. Allgem. d. Biogr., v. 614 ; Men- —
was the last work written by Gluck he del Fetis Schilling. ; ; ;
was seized with apoplexy when about to ECIsJiRT, KARL (ANTON FLORIAN),
take up Les Dand'uUs, with which he in- born in Potsdam,
tended to close his career, and transferred Dec. 7, 1820, died in
the libretto to his pupil Salieri. licho et Berlin, Oct. 14, 1879.
Narcisse, though not very successful, was Pianist and violinist,
reproduced in 1780. pupil on the piano-
ECK, JOHANN FRIEDRICH, born in forte of Recheuberg
Mannheim in 17GG, died at Nancy, France, and Greulich, on the
date unknown. Violinist, pupil of Danuer, ^-7- violin of BiJtticher
and studied compo.sition under Winter. In and Hubert Ries,
1778 he went to Munich, where he became i u composition of
court musician in 1780, Conzertmeister in Rungenhagen. He
1788, and soon after dramatic director of was considered a jirodigy when six years
the Court and National Theater. He mar- old, and composed an opera at the age
Eclair
of ten. 1839 he became in Leipsic
Ill by Delibes, represented at the Boufifes Pa-
a pupil of Jleiulelssolin then travelled in
; risiens, Paris, Jan. 10, 180!).The Scotch-
Italy, Holland, Belgium, and France, and in man is a silly bourgeois named Duconiet,
1851 accepted the place of accompanist at who, having heard La Dame blanche, tries
the Theatre Italien in Paris. He accom- to imitate farmer Dickson, and builils at
panied Sontag on her tour in the United Chatou a chalet where be offers open hos-
States, and in 1852 became conductor at pitality to all comers.
the Paris Opi'ra. Li 1853 he went to Vi- EDD.\, grand opera, text by Emil Hopf-
enna, where he became conductor, and later music by Karl Reinthaler, first rf j)-
fer,
technical director, of the Court Opera. He resented at the theatre of Hamburg, Feb.
gave up these places in 18(50 to succeed 22, 187G. The libretto, an adaptation of
Kiicken as Kapellmeister in Stuttgai't re- the drama of the same name by Josef
;
tired to private life in Baden-Baden in Weilcn, is founded on an episode in the

18(J7, b>it in 18()9 was called to Berlin as Thirty Years' War.
first court Kapellmeister in place of Tau- EDDY, CLAUEXCE, born, of .Viuericau
bert and Dorn, suddenly pensioned to make parentage, in Green-
way for him. He was an excellent con- field, Massachusetts,
ductor, but only his minor compositions June 23, 1851, still
have succeeded, and they do not justify living, 1888. Or-
the expectations Mendelssohn and others ganist, pupil of J.
had of him. Works Das Fischermiulchen, G. Wilson in Green-
:
opera, composed in 1880 Wilhelm von field, and of Dudley

;
Oranien, given in Berlin, 1846 ; Kiithchen Buck in Hartford,

von Niirnberg, 1837 Der Laborant Euth,
; ; Conn. In 1871 ho
oratorio, 1833 Judith, oratorio, Berlin,
; went to Europe and
1841 Domine salvum fac regem, and other
; studied the organ,
psalms Concerto for violoncello
; Songs. ; harmony, and couuteiiioint under August
— Mendel Grove Fi'tis Riemaun.
; ; ; Haupt, and the pianoforte under A. Loesch-
ECL.VIR, Ij', lyrical drama in three acts, horn. Returning in 1874, he settled in
text by Saint-Georges and Planard, music Cliicago as organist of the First Congi-ega-
by Halevy, first represented at the Opera tionalChurch, and in 1870 became director
Comique, Paris, Dec. 30, 1835. A young of the Hershev School of Musical Art in
naval officer, struck blind by lightning in Chicago, founded by Îrs. Sara B. Hei-shey,
a tempest, is taken care of by a maiden whom he afterwards married, ilr. Eddy
who lives, with her sister, in a chateau has concert tours in Gennany, Aus-
made
beside the sea. On recovering his sight tria, Switzerland, and America, and in lS7fl
he confounds the object of his love with he gave in Chicago a series of one hundred
her sister, but his heart soon corrects the organ recitiils, in which no programme
eiTor of his eyes. This charming work, number was repeated. Works Organ mu- :
written for two tenors and two sopranos, sic Church and Concert Organist (2 vols.,
;
without chorus, appeared in the same year 1882, 1885) The Organ in Church (1887). :
with La Juive, and established HaK'vy's He has translated August Haupfs Counter-
reputation. It was given with great suc- point, Fugue and Double Counterpoint
cess, in 1881, at the Teatro Manzoni, Mi- (1870).
lan. ED1:l:\IANN, JE.\N FR^DKRIC, bom
I5C0SS.VIS DE CH.VTOU, L' (The Scotch- in Strasburg, May 0, 1740, died there,
man of Chatou), oporotto in one act, text July 17, 1704. Pianist and dramatic com-
by Adricn Jaime and Philippe Gille, music poser, gained distinction in Paris in 1782 ;
EDEN
became a violent adherent of the Revolution, NewYork, in the spring of 1820. He wrote
sent his benefactor, the luairo Baron Die- the popularhymn tunes, Lenox, Bridge-
trich,and otlier friends to tlie scaft'old in water, Greenfield, and others, first published
Strasburg, and tinally was guillotined him- by Simeon Joceliu and A. Doolittle in "The
self. Works :
Companion" (New Haven, 1782).
Esther, oratorio, performed Chorister's
at the Concert Hpirituel, 1780 La bergcre In 1801-17 he was in New York and as-
;
des Alpes, lyric scene for soprano and bass, sisted in the compilation of "The New York
Tuileries, 1781 Le feu (act from the ballet Selection of Sacred Music" (1804-10), by
;
Les I'k'ments), Acadvmie Rojale de Mu- Lewis and Thaddeus Seymour. About 1817
siijue, 1782 Ariane dans I'ile de Naxos, he removed to AVoodstoek, Conn.
;
opera, 1782 Diane et rAinour, opei'a-

ib., ;
EDUAllDO E CRISTINA, Italian opera,
ballet, Theatre des Jcunes Elcves, 1802 3 text by Schmidt, music by Rossini, rep- ;
concertos for pianoforte 9 works of so- resented at the Teatro San Benedetto, Ven-
;
natas for do., with violin obligato Quartets ice, 1819. Prince.ss Christine of Sweden,
;
for pianoforte, op. 15 (Amsterdam) ; Ca- betrothed to Prince James of Scotland,

prices for do. — Gerber, N. Lex. ; Hamburger secretly marries an oificer named Edward.
Correspondent (1791), No. 121 Nodier, ; Both are thrown into prison, but Edward,
Souvenirs de la Revolution, etc. Schilling. ; freed, delivers the king from great danger
EDEN, a mystery in two parts, poem by during the Russian bombardment of Stock-
Mery, music by Felicien David, represented holm, and the monarch pardons him and
at the Opera, Paris, Aug. 25, 1848. A de- recognizes the marriage. This, Rossini's
scriptive work, in the overture to which the twenty-sixth work, is largely a reproduction
compo.ser has attempted to depict musically of two earlier operas, Ricciardo e Zoraide
the revolutions on the globe before the and Ermione. An opera of the same title,
advent of man then succeeds the story of
; music by Pavesi, was given in 1811, in Na-
the Garden of Eden and the fall of man. ples.— Edwards, Life of R., 202.
It was well sung by Poultier, Alizard, Porte- EDVARDO STUART, Italian opera, mu-
hault, and Mile Grimm, but failed to at- sic by Cipriano Pantoglio, reiJi-esented at
tract attention in the political storm of the Teatro Manzoni, ililan, IMay, 1887.
1848. EDWARDS, RICHARD, born in Somer-
EDER, KARL KASPAR, born in Bavaria setshire, England, 1523, died in Loudon, Oct.
in 1751, died (?). Virtuoso on the violon- 31, 1566. Composer and poet, scholar of
cello, pupil of KiJhler and Lang, and after- Corpus Christi College, Oxford, in 1540 ;
wards first violoncellist to the Elector of M.A., Oxford, 1547. He studied music un-
Treves. Upon several concert tours through der George Etheridge, and became, in 1563,
Germany he won much applause. Works Master of the Children of the Chapel Royal. :
2 sj-mphonies for grand orchestra 2 cjuin- The music of the beautifnl madrigal, " In
;
tets. :to my naked bedde," is conjecturally

For violoncello 14 concertos, 20 solos, going
3 duos, and 2 Mendel.
trios. — Futis
assigned to him, as it is certain th.at he wrote
;
EDLING, JOH.YNN, bornatFalken, near the verses. The poem, " The Soul's Knell,"
Eisenach, about 1754, died in 1786. He said to have been written on his death-bed,
was chamber musician at the com-t of Wei- is well known. He wrote also many other
mar, and composed music to Bertuch's poems and two comedies. Grove. —
tragedy of Elfriede, besides symphonies, EEDEN, JOHAN VAN DER, born at
and pieces for the clai-inet. Gerber Schil- — ; Ghent, Dec. 21, 1844, still living, 1888.
ling Mendel Ft'tis.
; ; Pupil at the Conservatoire, Ghent, where
ED80N, LEWIS, born in Bridgewater, he won several first prizes, and of Fetis in
Mass., Jan. 22, 1748, died in Woodstock, Brussels (1863). At the Concours National,
EGERIA
in 1805, he won tlie first prize with his Oden von Cramer (1780) ; 12 Neujalirs
cantata, Le vent, and in 1801) with the can- Lieder (1791); Caiitaten ; 00 geistliche
tata, La dernii're nuit de Faust. After hav- Schweizer Volkslieder (1788) Schweizer ;
ing travelled in France, Italj', and Gerinanj', Freiheitsgesang (1789) Kinderlieder, for ;
he settled at Assisi. Mendel, Ergiinz., 94. —two voices Gellert's gei.stliche Oden und ;
EGERL\, one
Lieder (1789); do. zweiter Theil (1791);
Italian operetta in act, text
In- Metastasio, music by Hasse, represented Lieder der Weisheit und Tugend (1790) ;
iu Vienna, 1704, in honour of the coronation ChristlichesGesangbuch (Zurich, 1798) and ;
of Joseph II., King of the Romans. Scene many others for one and more voices. All- —
at the fountain of Egeria. Characters rep- gem, d. Biogr., V. 078; Fetis Gerber ;
resented Egeria, Venere, Mercurio, Martc, Schilling.

:
Apollo.
I
EGMONT, overture and incidental music
EGGH.IRD, JULIUS (Count von Harde- to Goethe's tragedy of the same title, by
gen), born in Vienna, April died Beethoven, op. 84, composed in 1809 first
24, 1834, ;
there, March 23, 1807. Pianist, pupil of performed, May 24, 1810. The comix)8er'8
Karl Czerny, and in composition of Scchter third work for the stage, written between ;
from his fifteenth year he appeared often the second writing of Leonore, and Fidelio.
successfully before the Viennese public, and The overture depicts in broad, vigorous
was much esteemed as a teacher. In 18.53- traits what may serve for an introduction
55 he was in Paris, and gave several con- to the drama, to wit, the immutability of
certs at the Salle Erard. His tasteful, fate, the pathos in the suppression of lib-
compositions for the pianoforte in charac- ert}-, and the fall of its hero, the plea.sant
teristic style were widely popular. Works existence of the people who are to be sup- :
La campanella, impromptu, op. 2 Variations pressed, and, finally, the joy of triumph, pro-
;
de bravour, op. 4 Nocturne en trilles, op. claiming that the reaction must, at last,
;
6 ; Idylle, op. 7 and 8 Souvenir de Pesth, succumb. ; Besides the overture, the music
op. 9 Reve d'amour, op. 10 Mazurka de consists of two soprano songs, four entr'-
; ;
salon, op. 11 Polka de salon, op. 12 Ro- actes, Cliirchen's death, a melodrama, and a
; ;
mance, op. 13 Les adieux du bcrger, idylle, finale in all, ten numbers.
;
The finale is ;
op. 14 La danse des sylphes, impromptu, identical with the conclusion of the over-
;
op. 15 Je pense a toi, chanson sans paroles, ture, which was apparently written last.
;
op. 17 Chanson eroti(pie, op. 19 Serenade To fit the music for performance exclusive
; ;
italienne, op. 22 Nocturne poetique, op. of the drama, verses connecting the move-
;
23 Fleurettes, etude de salon, op. 20 Sa- ments were written in Germany by Mosen-
; ;
rolta, impromptu de salon, op. 27 etc. geil and Beruays, and in England by Will-
;
— Wurzbach Le Pays (Paris, 1855, No. iam Bartholomew. Published by Breitkopf

;
32) Wiener Couversationsblatt (1855), 212. \- Hiirtel (Leipsic. 1811-12).— :Marx (Berlin,
;
EGLI, JOHANN HEINKICH, born at 1875), ii. 102 Thayer, Vei-zeichuiss, 82 ; ;
Seegreben, Canton of Ziirieh, March 4, Von Lenz, ii. 207.

1742, died at Zilrich, Dec. 19, 1810. Vocal EGMONT, opera-comique, text by Wolff
composer, pupil of Pastor Schmiedli at We- and ^lillaud, music by Salvayre, represented
zikon settled at Zurich, wliere he became at the Opei-a Comique, Paris, Dec. 0, 18S0.
;
a favourite teacher, and greatly iiitluenced A failure.

religious music. popular ECiRESSY, BENJ.VillN. born about
His songs are still 1
in Switzerland. Works Schweizer-Can- 1814, still living (?). He settled in Pesth

:
taten von Lavater, with orchestra (1780) as an actor, and later composed many Hun-
Schweizerlicder von Lavater (1787) Blu- garian melodies, songs, and otlier vocal;
menlese geistlicher Gedichte, etc. (1788) and instrumental music. He .also translate*!
EIIEKXE
plays and and wrote the librettos of
operas, EHRLICH, CHRISTIAN FRIEDRICH,
several Huugariau operas. —
Wurzbacb, iv. born at ilagdeburg, May 7, 1810, still liv-
5 Mendel Fi'tis.
; ; ing, 1888. Pianist, jnipil of Hummel in
EHERNE SCHLAXGE, DIE (The Bra- Weimar, returned to his native city about
zen Serjieut), oratorio for male voices, text 1834, where he is conductor of the Siug-
by Gicsebrecbt, music by Karl Loewe, op. akademie, antl one of the founders, and pres-
40, written in 1S34. ident of the Tonkiinstler-Yerein. He has
EHLERT, LUDWIG, born in KOnigs- conqiosed several operas, of which Die Ro-
bcrg, Jan. 13, 1825, died in Wiesbaden, seumildcheu, and KOnig Georg were suc-
Jan. 4, 1884. Pianist, pupil at the Leipsic cessfully given at various provincial the-
Couservatorium under Jlendelssobn and pianoforte music, and
and atres ; also organ
Schumann ; settled in Berlin as a teacher sacred and secular songs. Mendel. —
in 1850 ; visited Italy several times, direct- EHRNSTEIN, JOH.YNN JACOB STU-
ing the Societfi Cherubini in Florence PAN VON, German comjioser, lived in the
taught iu Tausig's Berlin school in 1869- beginning of the 18th century. He pub-
71 was teacher to the princes in Mcining- lished llosetum musicum and 12 sympho-
;
en and settled in Wiesbaden. Professor nies. Gerber ]\Iendel Fetis.

; — ; ;
in 1875. Works Overtures to Hafiz and EH! VIA,BLTFONE. See Z)o?! Giovanni.
:
AVinter's Tale Sjjring Symphony Sonate

; ; EICHBERG, JULIUS, born, of German
romautique Ilequieni for a child Songs
; ; parentage, iu Diissel-
and pianoforte pieces. He was the author dorf, German}-, June
"
of "Briefe fiber Musik an eine Freundiu 13, 1824, still living,
(I'.erlin, 1859, 18G7, 1879 translated as ; 1888. Violinist and
"Letters on Music to a Lady," Loudon and dramatic composer ;
n Boston, 1877) pujjil on the violin

^
^f2hy^^<f
'. /y>^^"AusderTon-
i^<^-^*^*^
,velt" (Berlin,
and in composition,
at Wiirzburg, Bavaria,
/^ 1877 ; trans- of Joseph Fr(')lich, and
lated as " From the Tone- World," New in counterpoint and
York, 1885). —Riemann ; Mendel ; Grove ;
orchestration of Julius
Fetis, iii. 119 ; do., Supplement, i. 301. Rietz. He went to
EHRENBEKG, died young at Dessau, Brussels iu 1842, studied composition un-
1790. He was chamber musician in Dessau, der Fetis, and the violin under Meerts and
and wrote an opera, ^Vzakia, text by Schwau, De Beriot, and obtained the 1st jDrizes in
Dessau, 1790, besides considerable vocal violin playing and composition iu 1843 at
music. — Gerber ; Fetis ; Schilling ; Men- the Conservatoire. After this he resided
del. several years in Frankfort-on-the-Îain and
EHRHART, LT^:ON, born at IMiilhauseu, in 184G went to Basel and Geneva, Switzer-
Alsace, ^May 11, 1854, died near Florence, land, as director of music, and received the
Oct. 4, 1875. Dramatic composer, pupil in appointment of pi'ofessor of the violin and
his native place of Heyberger, iu Paris of of composition in the Geneva Conservatoire.
Chauvet and at the Conservatoire of Benoist In 185G he removed to America and has
and Reber. The cantata of Acis et Gala- spent the past thirty years in Boston, where
tee secured him the prix de Rome in 1874, he is director of the Boston Conservatory of
and while visiting Rome and Venice he Music, general supervisor of musical instruc-
worked on a comic opera and an oratorio tion in the Boston public schools, and head
until his prematui-e death. —Fetis, Supple- of Eichberg's School for Violin Plavuug. He
ment, i. 301. has a national reputation as a teacher of
EICIIBEKG
the violin, some of the best public perform- ' EICHLER, FRIEDRICH \VIT^HELiI,
ers having been his pupils. Works : The born in Ltipsic in ISO'J. Violinist, pupil
Doctor of Alcantara, comic operetta in two of Spohr in Cassel became Conzertmeister ;
a(;ts, text by Woolf, represented in Boston, at tiic theatre in KiJnigsberg in 1832 from ;
April 7, 18C2 The Hose of Tyrol, ib., 18G.5

; 18-47 lived several years in London, and;
The Two Cadis, ib., 1.S70 A Night in then settled at Baden-Baden. Among his
; !
Rome, ib., about 1870. Studies for the vio- compositions for violin are: Variations on
lin ; Trios and quartets for string instru- a Swiss theme, with orchestra or pianoforte,
ments ; Songs ; Works for the u.se of mu- ' op. 2 (Leipsic, Breitkopf & Hiirtel) ; Songs
sical instruction in schools. Tlic Doctor of without words, op. 4 (ib.). — Schilling; Men*
Alcantara has been porfornicd many times del ; Fi'tis.
in America, one of the few works of

and is EICHNER, ERNST, born in ^lannheim,
the kind, written in America, which has Feb. 'J, 17-10, died in Potsdam in 1777. He
made a permanent reputation. entered the ducal chapel at Zweibrflcken
EICHBERG, OSCAR, born in Berlin, about 1770, and left it clandestinely, be- ]
Jan. 21, 1845, still living, 1888. Pianist, cause his resignation was not accepted ;
pui)il of his father played in public at the then lived in London until 1773, when he
;
age of ten ; then studied tlie pianoforte un- joined the band of the Crown Prince of
der Loschhoru and compo-sition under Kiel. Prussia in Potsdam. !
He formed some ex-
He founded cellent pupils, and composed symphonies,
settled in Berlin as a teacher,
a singing society in 1871, wrote musical ar- concertos, and chamber music— Fetis ;
tides, and began the publication of a mu- Schilling Mendel, ;
sical calendar in 187<J. Has pubhshed pi- EKiHTEEN HUNDRED AND

anoforte music, songs, etc. — Mendel ; Fctis, TWELVE, ouverture solennelle for orches-
Supph'iiiont, i. 302 Riomann.
; tra, by Tschaikowsky, op. 49.
EICHHORN, HERMANN, born in Bres- E IL ILAESTRO 10 FACCIO. See
lau, Oct. 30, 1847, still living, 1888. Virtu- Ilaihii'iY di Siviglia.
oso on the horn and dramatic composer, EILT, IHR STUNDEN, soprano aria iu
pupil of Emil Bohn minor, with accompaniment of violin and
; at first studieil law E
and actpiired the degree of doctor, but .soon continuo, in Johann Sebastian Bach's cau-
"
devoted himself entirely to music. He has ,

tata, " Frriie dich, erl;>ste Schaar.
composed the comic operas and operettas, I

EINERT, K.VRL FRIEDRICH, bom at
Drei auf einen Schlag, Zopf und Krumm- Lommatsch, Saxony, iu 1708, died in War-
stab, Blaue Kinder, and others, besides pi- saw, Dec. 25, 183(i. Organist, studied
anoforte pieces and songs, and has also under Schicht in the Tliomas.schule of Leiiv
published several valuable monographs on ]
sic was a pupil of Friedrich Schneider for
;
the history of instruments and of instru- !

organ and of Wach for double-bass. Became
mental music— Riemann. music teacher in a noble Polish family and
EICHHORN, JOHANN, born about went in 1821 to Wai-saw, wlurc he was or-
17(;(), died after 1815. Lived in
Violinist. ganist of the Lutheran Cliurch and double-
Berlin and at Bruchsal, Baden, and joined bass player of the Court Theatre. His or-
the court orchestra at Mannheim in 1807. gan preludes were well written.— Sowiuski,
Works: Concerto for violin (Berlin, 17!H) ; 1(!5 Fi'tis; Mendel.
:
Solos for do. (ib.) ; 3 quartets for two vio- EIN' FESTE BURG 1ST l^'SER C.OTT
lins, viola, and bass (Darmstadt, 1704) ; 3 (A strong fortress is our (Jod geneniUy reu- ;
duos for violins, op. (Leipsic, Kilhnel) ; dered iu English God is our refuge iu dis-
:
Quintet for two violins, two violas, and tress). Martin Luther's vei-sion of Ps;dm
bass, op. 11 (ib.). — Fetis ; Gerber. [
xlvi. (Deus noster refugium). It was pub-
EIN
lisbed first in " Gcistliehe Lieder melody and set to the first
aiiffs newc tion on Luther'.s
gebessert zu Wittenberg. hymn. The solos are from the
Dr. JIart. Luther, ver.se of his
1529." Several arrangements of it appeared cantata, Alles was von Gott geboren, writ-
duringLuther's lifetime 1. For three voices, ten in 1716.— Spitta, ii. 470 iii. 283 Up-
: ; ;
with melody in the tenor, in "News Gcsang," ton,Standard Cantatas, 38.

etc., by Johann Kngelmann (Augsburg, EINICIvE, GEORG FRIEDRICH, born
1540) ; 2. For four at Hohlstedt, Thuringia, April 16, 1710, died
voices, with melodj- in
the bass, in "Newe
deutschc geistliche in Nordhausen, Feb. 20, 1770. Organist,
Geseuge cssiii, by Georg Khau (Witten- pupil of his father. He went to the Uni-
berg, 1544) 3. For five voices, with mel- versity of Leipsic in 1732, and finished
;
ody in the tenor, by Stephan Mahn, in G. his musical education under Sebastian Bach
Itliau's Hymn Book 4. For four voices, and Scheibe.
; He succeeded his father as
with melody in the bass, by Martin Agri- Cantor and music director went to Frank- ;
cola, in G. Rhau's Hymn Book 5. For four enhausen in a like capacity in 1746 and
;
voices, with melody in the bass, by L. Hel- to Nordhausen in 1757. — Works : Concer-
linek, in G. Rhau's Hymn Book. The tuue tos Symphonies Church music. Allgem.; ; —
as now sung is derived from the form given d. Biogr.,v. 760; Mendel; Schilling; Fetis.
it by Johann Sebastian Bach in several of EIN jMADCHEN ODER WEIBCHEN.
his cantatas, especially in Ein' feste Burg, See Die ZaubcrtlOlc.
which differs somewhat from Luther's ver- EINSAM IN TRUBEN TAGEN. See
sion. has t)een used as a theme by Lohenqrin.
It
various other musicians Mendelssohn, in EINST TRAUMTE
: MEINER SELIGEN
the finale of his Efformation Symphony BASE. See Der FreischiUz.
Otto Nicolai, in his i^t'sÔuverture Joachim U^GEFARBT GEMUTHE, alto
; Em
Rait" in his /'<'.s/-Ouvertui-eWâgner, in his aria in F major, with accompaniment of
;
Kaigermargch ; Meyerbeer, in the Hugue- violins and violas in unison, and continuo,
nots Karl Reinecke, in Variations on Ein' in Johann Sebastian Bach's cantata for
;
feste Burg (given in New York, Nov. 12, Dom. 4 fed. Trinif., of the same title ;
1887). —
Rambach, Ueber Luther's Ver- published separately, with additional ac-
dienst um den Kirchengesang (Hamburg, companiments by Robert Franz, by F.
1813); Wiuterfeld, Luther's deutsche geist- Whistling, Leipsic, 1860.
liche Lieder (Leipsic, 1840) Wackernagel, EISENHOFER, FRANZ XAVER, born
;
do. (Stuttgart, 1848) Koch, Geschichte des at Ilmmiiuster, Upper Bnvaria, Nov. 29,
;
Kirchenlieds (Stuttgart, 1866-1877) Lu- 1783, died in Wiirzburg, Aug. 15, 1855.
;
ther musicien, Revue et Gazette musicale, While attending the University of Munich,
July 13, 1879 Naumann (Ouseley), i. 458 he finished his musical education under
;
;
Grove, ii. 179. Griitz gave up the study of theology, and ;
EIN' FESTE BURG, cantata, text by was school teacher and professor in sev-
Salomo Franck, umsic by Johann Sebastian eral places. He composed cantatas for
Bach, written probably for the Reformation male voices, and many solo and part songs,
Festival of 1730. it was com- of which he wrote also the text.
Bitter thinks Mendel — ;
posed Reformation Fes- Schilling, Supplement, 110 Fetis, iii. 123

for the bicentenary ;
;
tivid of 1717, but Spitta argues that it was do., Supplement, i. 302.
for either the festival of 1730 or for the two EISENHUT

(Eisenuth, Eisenhuet),
huudreth anniversary of Protestantism in THOÎAS, Gei'man composer, whose works
Saxony, May 17, 1739. The cantata has appeared in 1675-1702. He was Kapell-
eight numbers, five solos and three choruses. meister of the Prince Abbot of Kempten
The opening is a fugue based upon a varia- and a regular canon of the Monasterv of
EI8ERT
St. Geoi-g in Augsburg. Among bis publi- organist, and harpist, pupil of bis father,
cations were Harinonia sacra, cliurch music, and afterwards completed Lis studies in
and a theoretical book, " Musikalisches Fun- Italy. For several years he was organist
dament." — Allgem. d. Biogr., v. 767 ; Men- of the Basilica of St. Peter, and in great
del ; Fetis ; Schilling. favour with Pope Clement XIV., especially
EISERT, JOHANNES, born at Dresden as a harp-player in 1780 he enjoyed con-
;
in 1810, died there in 18G4. Organist, siderable reputation in Italy as an organist

music in Vienna, where he ap- and composer, but his works remain in
1
studied
peared successfully in public, until recalled manuscript. —
Fetis Mendel. ;
to Dresden as court organist. Among his ELBEL, VICTOR, bom in Alsace early
{
compositions for the organ, his fugues dein the 19th century. He lived in P:u-is as
serve especial mention for purity of style a teacher brought out in Stra.sburg an
i
;
and melodic beauty. Mendel Schilling. — oratorio, Der Mtinsterbau

; and composed
'
;
EISFELD, THEODOR, German

two descnptive symphonies. Fetia,
born, of
'
also —
jiarentage, in Wolfeubiittel, Bininswick, in Supplement, i. 302.
181G, diod in Wiesbaden, Sept. 16, 1882. ELEGUC ODE, test from President
Conductor, pupil in composition of C. G. Lincoln's Burial Hymn by Walt Whitman,
IJeissiger, Dresden also studied the violin for solos, chorus, and orchestra, by Charles
;
in Bremen under Karl ^liiller. In 1818 Villiers Stanford, composed for and first
he went to New York, and the following given at the Norwich (England) Festival,
year was made conductor of the New Oct. 15, 1881.— Athen»um (1884), ii. 505.
York Philharmonic Society, which he con- ELEGIAC SYMPHONY, in D minor, by
ducted alternatelj' with Carl Bergmann, Charles Villiers Stanford, first produced at
from IHB') to 18C6, when he returned to Cambridge, England, JIarch 7, 1882, and
Europe. He wâs leader also of the Eisfeld at the Gloucester Festival, 1883.
Quiu-tet, which gave its first concert, Feb. I
fiLEGIE, salon-piece for violin solo, with
18, 1851. Eisfeld lield a high position in pianoforte accompaniment, by Heinrich Wil-
New York musical circles. helm Ernst, op. 10. It is extremely effec-
EITXEH, KOBEKT, born at Breslau, tiveand well written, and was long iM>pular.
Oct. 22, 18;i2, still living, 1888. Pianist, Played at Chickering Hall, New York, Nov.
pupil of Moritz Brosig, went in 1853 to 22, 1886. by Michael Banner.
Berlin, where he won success as a virtuoso ELEGIE HARMONIQUE (Harmonic
and composer in concerts, given in 1857- Elegj-), for pianoforte solo, Fsharp
in
59. A school for the pianoforte which he minor, by Johann Ludwig Dussek, op. 61.
founded in Berlin, 1863, is still llourishiug. Written in memory of Prince Louis Ferdi-
Since 1860 he has devoted himself more nand of Prussia, whose premature death on
especially to musical literature, and chiefly thebattlefield of Saalfeld, Oct. 13, 1806, de-
to his agency was duo the organization of' prived Dus.sek of a friend and patix>n. One
the Gesellschaft fiir Musikfoi-schung in 1868, of the composer's best works.
of whose organ, the " ilouatshefte fiir JIu- ]
ELEGISCHER GES.ING (Elegiac Song),
sikgescbiehte," he is the editor. Works and string quar-for four voices, pianoforte,
Judith, biblical opera Pfingstcantate Sta- tet, music by Beethoven, op. 118, composed
; ;
bat Mater for 4 voices a cappella Over- 1814 dedicated to Johann, Freiherr von
; ;
ture to the Cid Pianoforte music, and Pasqualati.

; Text, " Sanft wie du lebtest,
songs. —
Fi'tis, Supplement, i. 302 Men- hast du vollendet," etc., by an unknown
;
del. author. Published by Haslinger after the

EKHART, FRANZ JOSEF, born at Tep-'
I
composer's death. — Thayer, Verzeichniss,

litz, Bohemia, about 1735, died (,?). Pianist, 120 Lenz, ii. 131.
;
ELER
ELER, ANDKli, boiii in Alsace about the summer of 1837, though most of it was
17(J4, died April 21, 1821. He went, wbeu written in 184G. The orchestral parts were
young, to Paris, where he became professor rehearsed by Mendelssohn at Leipsic, Aug.
of counterpoint at the Conservatoire on 5, 18-lG, and the vocal parts at Moscheles's
its reorganization in 181G. His collection, house, London, Aug. 18th, the evening of the
copied in score, of the compositions of IGth day of his arrival there then followed two ;
century masters, is now in the library of full rehearsals in Hanover Square, and on
the Paris Conservatoire. —
Works Ojieras Aug. 24th a full rehearsal at Birmingham
: ;
Apelle et Campaspe, 1798 L'habit du and on Wednesday, Aug. 2Gth, the first pub-
;
chevalier de Grammont, 1800 La forct lic performance was given in the Town Hall,
;
de Brama Interlude, Le chant des ven- Birmingham.

;
After many alterations and
geances, words by Rouget de Lisle, per- additions, it was given in London, April IG,
formed in 1798 Overture ; Symphony 1847, bj' the Sacred Harmonic Society. Its
; ;
Sonatas Trios, and quartets for wind and first performance in German}' was at Ham-
;
string instruments. Fetis —

do.. Supple- burg, October, 1847.
; Published first by
ment, i. 303 Larousse; Mendel Schil- Simrock (Berlin, 1847).
; ; Grove, ii. 275, —
ling. 288 J. Bennet, in Concordia, 497, 523
;
ELI, oratorio, text by William Bartholo- Upton, Standard Oratorio.s, 218.

mew, on the story of Eli and Samuel (Sara., ELIJAH. See Elias.
i.-iv.), music by Michael Costa, first given ELISA, ou le voyage au Mont Bernard,
at the Birmingham (England) Festival, Aug. comedy in two acts, text by Saiut-Cyr, mu-
29, 1855 first time in America, Handel and sic by Cherubiui, rejjresented at the Thea-
;
Haydn Society, Boston, Feb. 15, 1857. At tre Fejaleau, Paris, December, 1794. The
Birmingham the part of Eli was sung by scene is laid among mountains and glaciers,
Sinis Reeves, and tliat of Samuel by Mme and the deno(lment is hastened by an ava-
Viardot. The other parts were by Mme lanche.
Castellan, Carl Formes, and W. H. Weiss. ELISA E CLAUDIO, opera bufifa, text
— Atheniieum (1855), 1008 Upton, Standard by Romanelli, music by Mercadante, repre-
;
Oratorios, 84. sented in Milan in 1822. This oj)era, one

ELI.VS (Elijah), oratorio, in two parts, of Mercadante's best works, was given in
text from the Old Testament, music by Men- Paris, Nov. 22, 1823. The beautiful duet,
delssohn, op. 70, first given in an English "Se un' istante, all' offerta d' un soglio," is
translation at the Birminghanx (England) still a favourite with singers.
Festival, The idea was sug-
Aug. 2G, 184G. ELIS-ABETH, opera in three acts, text
gested, says Hiller, by reading in 1 Kings, by Brunswick and De Leuven, music by
six. 11, "Behold, the Lord passed by," and Donizetti, rej)resented at the Theatre Lj--
the text was compiled mostlj* from the same rique, Paris, Dec. 31, 1853. This is the
book. The libretto was sent to London as French version of Donizetti's Gli esiliati di
soon as the work was completed, and trans- Siberia, text by Gilardoni, first given in
lated into English by William Bartholomew. Naples, 1827. The Italian libretto is from
The scenes treated are Elijah's prophecy of the play by Guilbert de Pixerecourt, enti-
the drought, the raising of the widow's son tled " La fille de Fesile, ou hint mois en
:
at Zarephath, the rival sacrifices on Jit. deux beures," which is an adaptation of

Carrael, the fall of rain, the persecution of Madame Cottin's romance, " Elisabeth, ou
Elijah by Jezebel, his sojourn in the desert, les exiles de Siberie " (1806). It is the
his return, and his translation in the fiery stoiy of a young girl who comes from the
chariot. The score is without date, but depths of Siberia to ask from the Czar her
Mendelssohn probably began the work in father's pardon. Donizetti's music was
ELISABETTA
iiil;iptc(l French version by Fontana, geant urges the latter to enlist. To obtain
to the
his pui)il. the bonus, Nemorino enlists and thus gets
ELISABETTA A KENILWORTH. See another bottle from the quack. Meanwhile
CaHtelhi di Keiiihvortli. Nemorino's uncle has died and left him all
ELISABETTA, BEGINA D' INGHIL- his property, though he does not know it.
TEIJKA, opera, text by Schuiidt, music by The girls crowd around and try to attract
llossiiii, first represented iit tlie Teatro San his attention, which he attributes to the
Carlo, Naples, in 1H15. The libretto is not elixir. Adina's jealousy is aroused, and
from Scott's " Keiiilworth," whicli was not hearing, through Dulcamara, of Nemorino's
publishecl nntil 1821, but is an adaptation devotion, .she repays the sergeant the enlist-
from a French melodrama. The opera was ment fee, changes her mind, and gives lier
Itossini's fifteenth work, and was written hand to the former. The principal num-
when he was twenty-four years old. Mile
Colbran, whom he afterwards married, was
the orifînal Queen Elizabeth. The opera
was Riven at the Italiens, Paris, JIai'cb
10, 1822. It was not successful, excepting
at Naples. The overture, which had pre-
viously belonged to Aureliano in Palinj'ra,
is now the introduction to II Barbiere di
Siviglia.— Stendhal, Vie de It. ; Edwards,
Life of R, 109.
ELISIRE D' AjMOHE, L' (The Elixir of
Love), Italian ojiera bulla in two acts, text
by llomani, music by Donizetti, represented
in Blilan, Jlay 12, 18;i2, in London, at the
Lyceum, Dec. 10, 183(;, in New York, 1838,
and in I'aris, at the Theatre Italien, Jan.
17, 18.'}!). The subject of this graceful and
melodious opera, in some respects one of
Donizetti's best, is identical with that of
Auber's Le by Scribe. Adina,
philtre, text
a country girl, is loved V)y Nemorino, a
young farmer, and by Belcore, a sergeant.
Nemorino applies to Dr. Dulcamara, a
mountebank, for a bottle of the ehxir of
love. Dulcamara gives him a bottle of bers in the first act are the buffo song by
wine, and tells him that if he drinks of Dulcamara, beginning with the recitative,
it he can win the love of anyone. The " Udite, udite, o rustici," .and the duet be-
farmer drinks the whole of it, and, becoming tween Dulcamara and Nemorino, "Obbli-
intoxicated, behaves in such a manner that gato, ah si obbligato."
! In the second act
Adina promises to marry the sergeant. are the chorus " Cantiamo. facciani briu-
:
"
The second act opens with the assemblage disi ;
" the qujii'tet, " Dell' elisir niirabile ;
of the villagers to witnessmarriage the duet between Adina and Dulcamara,

the
" and the
contract. Nemorino, in despair, begs Dul- " Quanto .amore ed io spietata ! ;
camara to give him some charm which will romanza of Nemorino, " Una furtiva lagri-
make .\dina love him. Dulcamara refuses, ma." Among the best impei-sonators of
as the farmer has no nioncv, and the ser- .Vdina were Fanny Pcrsiani (lS12-18(i7) and
ELKAMP
Piccolomiui. Lablache was a noted Dr. 4 concert-overtures 3 quintets for two ;
Diilcainani, aiulNemorino was a favourite violins, viola, and two violoncellos 44 quar- ;
character with IMario. tets for two violins, viola, and violoncello ;
ELKAMP, HEINIUCH, born at Itzehoe, 3 trios for vioUn, viola, and violoncello 8 ;
Holstcin, in 1812, died in Hamburg in do. for pianoforte, violin, and violoncello ;
1868. Clasiug and in 2 sonatas for pianoforte and violin Sonata

Pupil in Hamburg of ;
Berlm of Zeltor then settled in Hamburg for pianoforte and viola do. for pianoforte
; ;
as a teacher in 18J:2-.51 he lived in St. and violoncello

;
9 do. for pianoforte and ;
Petersburg, then returned to Hamburg. flute. He was author also of a poetical

Works : 2 oratorios, Die heilige Zeit, and romance, the Bridal of Salemo (London,
Paulus ; Pianoforte pieces ; Songs. —Men- 1845), and of a poetical legend, The Elixir
del ; Fetis ; Schumann, Gesammelte Schrif- of Youth (ib., 1864).— F6tis Grove. ;
teu, i. 223. ELOY, born about 1400, died

,
ELLE NE CROYAIT PAS. See Mignon. about middle of 15th century (?). Nothing
ELLER, LOUIS, born at Gratz in 1819, of his history is known, but he must have
died at Pan in August, 1862. Violinist, pujnl preceded Dufay, Dunstable, and Binchois.
of Hysel appeared in Vienna in 1836. After
; Tinctoris and Gaforius both quote his mass
concert tours in Hungary, Croatia, Switzer- Dixerunt discipuli, which is preserved
land, and France, i)laying in Paris in 1844, among the MSS. of the Vatican. Kiese-
he returned home, then visited Italj' and wetter published the Kyrie and the Agnus
Southern France, and settled in Pau after in Geschichte der Europ. abendliind. Mu-
travelling over Spain and Portugal with sik. Fetis Mendel Ambros, Geschichte — ; ;
Gottschalk. Works : Valse diabolique ;

der Musik, ii. 462.
Menuet sentimental Rhapsodic hongroise ELSBERGER (Elsperger), JO H
;
;
ANN
Fantasias, and other violin music. Fetis CHRISTOPH ZACHARIAS, born in Ratis- — ;
Wurzbach, iv. 23 Mendel. bon in 1736, died in Sulzbach, Feb. 1, 1790.

;
ELLERTON, JOHN LODGE, born in He was at first cantor of the Latin school in
Cheshire, England, Jan. 11, 1807, died in Sulzbach, and later private secretary there.
London, Jan. 3, 1873. Amateur composer, Works Der Barbier von Sevilla, ojjera, :
graduate of Oxford (1828) where he stud- Sulzbach, 1783 Church and instrumental ;
ied music, chiefly composition, and wrote music. Mendel Fotis Schilling. — ; ;
an English operetta and an Italian opera. ELSBETH, THOMAS, born at Neustadt,

He studied counterpoint for two years in Franconia, and lived in Frankfort-on-the-
Rome under Terriani. In 1835 and 1838 Oder about 1600. He was i^robably also a
he took prizes at the Catch Club for his chorister in Liegnitz. Works 3 collec- :
glees Fayre is my love, and. How beau- tions of Cantioues saerre (Frankfort, 1600,
:
tiful is night. Works— Operas Issipile, Liegnitz, 1590, 1606) Weltliche und geist-
:
;
given in Prussia, about 1825 Annibale in liche Lieder (Frankfort, 1599, Liegnitz,
;
Capua, Andromacca, H Marito a vista Carlo 1607) Zwei Theile Sonntilglicher Evange- ;
;
Rosa, German opera Dominica, The ; Bridal lien (Liegnitz, 1616, 1621); Geistliche Fest-
of Triermain, English operas, ib., about gesiinge auf das gauze Jahr (Breslau, 1624).
1830 ; II Carnovale di Veuezia, ib., about Allgem. d. Biogr., \i. 62; Fetis; Men- —
1832 ; Berenice in Armenia, H Sacrifizio del.
d'Epito, ib., about 1835 Lucinda, English ELSNER, JOSEPH XAVER, born at
;
opera, Baden-Baden, about 1838. Para- Grottkau, Silesia, June 1, 1769, died in
dise Lost, oratorio 6 masses ; 6 anthems Warsaw, April 18, 1854.
; The son of a ;
17 motets 61 glees 83 duets for different maker of musical instruments, he was des-
; ;
voices 5 symiihonies for grand orchestra

; tined for medicine, but became choir-boy ;
KI.STKK
and later violinist ami singer at the Brcslau opera in three acts, text by Adami, given
theatre. He received harmony lessons in Meiuingen, 183.5
Songs ami other vocal ;
from Fdrster in Breslau then read scores music. Allgem. d. Biogr., v. 72; ilendel
; —
and was intimate with musicians in Vienna Fi'tis Bechstein, Fahrten eines Musikan- ; ;
and became first violin of the Brimn theatre ten (1837 2d ed., 1854; .3d ed., 1858). ;
in 171)1, and musical director of the theatre ELVEY, Sir GEORGE JOB, bora at
in Lemberg in 17'J2. In 17'J9 he settled in Canterbury, England,
Warsaw, where he was director of German March 27,' 181G, still
and Polish theatres and in IHlo, with ; living, 1888. Church

I'rincess Zamoiska, founded a music so- composer and organ-
ciety, which was transformed into the "War- ist, brother and pupil
saw Conservatory in 1821, when he left the of Stephen Elvey, hav-

theatre and became first director and pro- ing first been instruct-
fessor of composition in the new institution. ed by Highmort-
He retired in 1830, when political troubles Skeats, oi-ganist ot
closed the Conservatory, but continued com- Canterbury Ca th e-
position. During a visit to Paris some of dral, whose son, High-
• A
his works were performed at the Tuileries more the younger, he succeeded as organ-
and Saint-Cloud. He may be regaixled ist of St. George's Chapel, Windsor, in 1835.
as tlie creator of Polish ojiera. His ojêras Mus. Bac, Oxford, 1838 Mus. Doc, ib., ;
arc light and in the old style of Paer and 1840 knighted, 1871. "ft'orks The Resur-
; :
Mayr his church music is rather dra-

; rection and j\i3cension, oratorio, 1838 Ser- ;
matic ; and his compositions generally vices in F and B-flat Anthems, chorals, ;
sliow and iiurity, though lack of

ease chants, hymns, psalms, etc. Songs Or- ; ;
originality and thorough study. "Works gan music. Grove. —

Osoblievi Bracia, opera, and about 30 other ELYEY, STEPHEN, born in Canterbury,
small dramatic works in Polish Masses, ; June 27, 1805, died in Oxford, Oct. G, 18Gb.
motets, requiems, offertories, and other Organist, brother of Sir George Job Elvey ;
church music Cantatas and many songs

; ;
pupil at Canterbury of Skeats. He became
Symphonies, quartets, concertos, and much organist of New College, Oxford, in 1830 ;
other pianoforte and instrumental music. was made Mus. Bac, Oxford, in 1831, Mus.
The Polish titles of his operas are given in Doc. in 1838 and was choragus of the uni-
;
F<'tis and Sowinski. Sowinski, Musiciens — versity from 1840 until his death. Works :
polonais, IGG ; Fetis ; Allgem. d. Biogr., vi. Services Anthems Psalter and Canticles,
; ;
70 ; ]Mendel ; Grove. pointed for chanting (Loudon, Svo, 6

ELSTER, JOH.VNN DANIEL, born at editions to 18G6) Hymns, etc. Grove
; — ;
Benshauscn, Hennebcrg, Sept. If!, 1790, Brown.

died at "Wettingen, Canton of Aargau, Dec. ELWART, ANTOINE thlE. born in
19, 1857. He entered Leipsic University Paris, Nov. 18, 1808, died there, Oct. 14,
in 1810 gave up theology for medicine
;
1877. Dramatic composer, pupil on the
;
and after several years of adventurous wan- violin of Ponchard the elder, and at the
dering, and military service in the French Conservatoire of iladame de Sainte-Ursule
army and in Greece, he made his way to in harmony, of Fi'tis in composition, and of
Switzerhmd, taught music in Lenzburg and Lesueur. In 1828 he started, with several
Baden, was nuisic director of a travelling fellow pupils, the Concerts d'emulation,
theatrical comjiany, and became music given at the Conservatoire for six years,
teacher in Bremgai'ten and from IS-lfi in to give young composei-s a school of prac-
Wettingen. Works: Bichard und Blonde], tice. In 1831 he won the second prize for
ELZE
composition and in 1834 ber music Songs. Mendel Fetis, Sup-
of the Institut ;
— ;
the grand prix de Home. Having filled plement, i. 304 Schubert!), 125. ;
the position of adjunct professor of com- EMERSON, LUTHER ORLANDO, born,

position for two years, he resumed it on of American parentage, in Parsonsfield,
his return from Italy in 1S3G, became pro- Mass., Aug. 3, 1820, still living, 1888.
fessor of liariuouy in 1840, retiring in 1871. Conductor of many musical conventions
OflRcer of the Academy, 1871 L. of Honour, held throughout the United States, and
;
1872 Order of Charles lU. of Spain church composer.

;
His first work. The ;
Prussian Order of the lied Eagle. Works Romberg Collection (1853), was followed : {
Las Catalans, opera, given at Rouen, The- by a book of Sundaj'-school music, The ;
atre des Arts, 1840 La reine de Saba, Les Golden Wreath (1857), of which more than
;
chercheurs d'or, operas, not iJerformed 300,000 were sold. Among his other col- ;
Choruses and instrumentiil music to Alces- lections are The Golden Harp (1800) The : ;
tis Noe, ou Le deluge universel, oratorio- Sabbath Harmony (18G0)

;
The Harp of ;
symphony in four parts, Paris, 184.5 La Judah (18G3) Merry Chimes (1865) Ju- ; ; ;
uaissance d'Eve, oratorio, ib., 184(5 Les bilate (1866) Chorus Wreath. ; ;
noces de Caua, mystery for soli, chorus, EilERY, STEPHEN ALBERT, born, of
and orchestra Kuth et Booz, vocal sym- American parentage, in Paris, Oxford Co.,
;
phony Le salut imperial, cantata Le pou- Maine, Oct. 4, 1841, stiU living, 1888. Pi-
; ;
voir de I'harmonie, do. Hj'mne a la beaute, anist, pupil on the pianoforte and in har-
;
do. ; Pas d'orchestre, choral operetta ; Pe- mony of Henry S. Edwards, Portland,
nelope, lyrical scene ;
Europe in 1862 and stud-
Bichat, choral scene ;
Maine ; went to
Masses for two, three, four, and five voices, ied the pianoforte imder Louis Plaidy and
with and without organ or orchestra Mo- Robert Papperitz harmony and counter- ; ;
tets Symphonies
; Overtures Quintets, point under Papperitz, E. F. Richter, and
; ;
quartets, and trios for string instruments Moritz Hauptmann in Leipsic, and the ;
Choruses for male voices, etc. He was the pianoforte under Fritz Spindler in Dres-
author of many theoretical and didactic den. He returned to Portland, !Maine, in
works, including " Petit mauuel d'harmo- 1864, removed to Boston in 1866, and was
:
nie, etc." (1839) " Traite du contrejroint et engaged in 1867 by the New England Con-
;
de la fugue (1840) " Essai de transposi- servator}' of Music when that institution
''
;
tion musicale " (1840); " Le Chanteur ac- was opened and on the founding of the ;
compaguateur"(1844) "L'Harinonie musi- College of Music of Boston University, he

;
cale " (18.53), etc. He wrote also Histoire was appointed professor of harmony and
"
des Concerts populaires," and "Histoire de counterpoint, which positions he still holds.
"
la Societe des Concerts du Conservatoire He is assistant editor of the Musical Her-
(1860). Fetis, iii. 135— Supplement, i. ald. Works Songs Part-songs Stiing
; : ; ;
304 Mendel, iii. 355 Ergiinz., 97 Rie- quartets Sonatinas, and other music for
; ; ; ;
mann Grove. ; the pianoforte. He is the author also of

ELZE, CLEMENS THEODOR, born at Foundation Studies in Pianoforte Playing,
Orauieubaum, Auhalt-Dessau, in 1830, still and. Elements of Harmony.
living, 1888. Organist, pupil of his father, EM1L\ DI RESBURGO, Italian opera
of F. Schneider, and at tlie Leipsic Con- seria, music by Meyerbeer, represented in
servatorium of Moscheles, Dreyschock, and Venice, 1819. Produced at a time when
Plaidy for pianoforteof David for violin, ; Rossini was becoming famous, this work
and of Hauptmann for composition. He met with good success in Italy, but it was
became an organist and a teacher in Lay- coolly received in Berlin and led to Meyer-
bach in 1852. Works: Symphonies; Cham- beer's going to Paris. It was, however, after-
EMMERICH
wards translated into German and success- EMPERORS HYMN, THK See Gott
fuUj' played under the title of Emma von erhalte Franz den Kaiser.
Leicester. ENCHANTRES.S, THE, English comic
EMMERICH, KOBERT, Hanau, opera in four acts, text by Alfred Bunn,
born at
Hesse-Nassau, July 23, lii'<iC>, still living,', music by Balfe, represented at Drury Lsine
1888. Dramatic composer, pupil of Tlie- Theatre, London, Sept. 27, 1845. Tlie
odor Staufter and of Albert Dietrich. He character of the pirate queen was sustained
is most favourably known by his songs. by !Madam Anna. ThiUon, who sang it also
Works Der Schwcdeusee, opera, given at in New York, at the Aster Place Opera
:
Weimar, 1874 Van Dyck, do., Stettin, House, Aug. 30, 1852.
;
1875 Symphonies
; Pianoforte pieces EN CHASSE LE JOUR EST LEVfi.
; ; !
Songs and part-songs. Riemann. —

See Le I'ardou de Ploi'nneL
EMMERT, ADAM JOSEPH, bora at ENCKE, HEINRICH, born at Neustadt,
Wiu-zburg, Dec. 24, 17(J5, died in Vienna, Bavaria, in 1811, died at Leipsic, Dec. 31,
April 11, Dramatic compo.ser, son
1812. 1859. Pianist, pupil of Hummel at Wei-
of Joseph Emmert. He held an official posi- mar, then lived at Jena and Leipsic, much
tion in the arcliives of Salzburg and Vienna, esteemed as a teacher. Among bis com-
and, though not a professional musician, positions the instructive works for the pi-
wrote operas and other music. Works : anoforte may claim the greatest merit, and
Don Silvio de Rosalba, opera, given at Aiis- his arrangements for pianoforte (4 hands)
pach, 1801 Der Sturm, do., Salzburg,
; of classical orchestral and chamber music
180(J Cantata for four voices and orchestra,
; are of acknowledged excellence. Fetis — ;
ib., 1799 Te Deum (ib., 1797) IG Ger-

; ; Mendel.
man dances for pianoforte (ib., 1798) ; ENCKHAUSEN, HEINTUCH FRIED-
Pieces for two boms and bassoon ; do. for RICH, born in Celle, Aug. 28, 1799, died
two clarinets, two horns, and two bassoons in Hanover, Jan. 15, 1885. Organist,
(ib., 1799).— Fi'tis Mendel Schilling learned several instruments from his father
; ; ; ;
Wurzbach. entered a military band in 181G, and iu

EMMERT, JO.SEPH, born at Kitzingen, 182G studied under Aloys Schmitt in Ber-
Franconia, Nov. 27, 17;i2, died at Wiirz- lin and Hanover, succeeding his teacher in
burg, Feb. 20, 1809. Dramatic composer, 1829 as court organist and director of the
appointed school rector at Schillingsfiirst Singakademie of Hanover also court pi- ;
in 17G0, and rector of the Latin school of anist. Works Der Savoyard, opera, Han- :
St. Burkhardt and choral director of the over, 1832 Church music Pianoforte mu- ; ;
university in Wiirzburg in 1773. Retired, sic. Mendel Frtis Schilling Schumann, — ; ; ;
with the title of Kapellmeister, in 1790. Gesammelte Schriften, i. 29G.

Works : Semiramis, Tomyris, Eberhardt, ENDTER, CHRISTLiN FRIEDRICH,
operas (in manuscript) ; Esther, Judith, born Hamburg in 1728, died in Buxte-
in
oratorios (do.) ; Several cantatas (do.) : hude. May 26, 1793. Organist, pupil of
Latin and German masses Vespers ; ; Mis- Pfeitfer in Hamburg; became organist in
erere ; Te Deum ; do. (Salzburg, 1797) Buxtehude in 174G and of the Lutheran
Psalmodiavespertina, etc. (Augsburg, 170(5) Church of Altona iu 1756. Works Canta- :
Ciioralbuch (Wiirzburg). — Fetis ; Jlendel tas Songs.

; —
Schilling Mendel Fitia ; ;
Schilling. ENF.VNCE DU CHRIST, L' (The In-

EÎPEROR CONCERTO, THE, a title fancy of Christ\ a sjicred trilogy, for solo
commonly but improperly given to Beet- voices, chorus, and orchestra, by Berlioz,
hoven's tifth i)iauoforte concerto in E-flat, op. 25, first performed in Paris, at the Siille
op. 75. Herz, Dec. 10, 1854, under the composer's
ENFANT
direction. It consists of three parts Le director of music. He was also an able
: I.
songe (I'Herode (Herod's Dream) 11. La writer on his art. Works Priuz Carneval,
;
:
fuite eu £gvpte (The Flight into Egypt) comic opera, given in Berlin, 18G2 Boui-
;
;
ni. L'arrivee a Sais (The Ai'rival at Sais). facius, oratorio many compositions for ;
— Jullieu, Hector Berlioz (1881), li:5 do. organ and pianoforte, psalms, songs, etc.
;
(1888), 221, 378 M. J. d'Ortiguo, La mu-

; Mendel. —
siqiie a I'eglise, 19G. ENGELSBERG, E. S., born at Engels-
ENFANT PRODIGUE, L' (The Prodigal berg, Austrian Silesia, in 1825, died at
Son), ojjera in live acts, text by Scribe, Deutsch-Jasnik, ib., April 28, 1879. Real
music by Auber, represented at the Aca- name Eduard Schon. He was chief of a
dcniie Nationale de Musique, Paris, Dec. de^jartment in the ministry of finances in
6, 1850 in Italian, as II Prodigo, at Her
; Vienna, and under the above pseudonym
Majesty's Theatre, London, June 12, 1851. wrote many popular choruses for male
The author of the libretto has taken so voices, which made his name a household
many liberties with the Bible story that word with German singing societies all
it isscarcely recognizable. Azai'l, the only over the world.
sou of a poor old man, leaves the paternal ENGLERT, ANTON, born at Schwein-
roof and his betrothed Jejjhtele for a life of furt, Bavaria, Nov. 4, 1674, died there after
pleasure in the city of Memphis. He is 1729. Church composer, pupil of Kiihnau,
ruined by gaming, by the courtesan Neishte, Schade, and Strunck at Leipsic, where he
and by the dancer Lia. He iênetrates into studied theology. In 1697 he became can-
the temple of Isis where the mysteries are tor in his native city, about 1717 co-rector
celebrating, and the Egyptians make bim of the Gymnasium, in 1729 rector, and at
exjîate the sacrilege by throwing him into the same time organist of the cathedral.
the Nile. Saved by the leader of a caravan, About 1697 he published several volumes
he is reduced to watching the flocks, but of his compositions, mostly religious, which
eventually finds his way home and is forbear witness to his thorough musical knowl-
given. There are some picturesque scenes edge. Fetis Mendel. — ;
in the opera, such as the passage of the car- ENGLISH SUITES (Ger., Englisehe Sui-
avan and the procession of the bull Apis. ten), 6 large suites for clavier, by Johann
ENFANT TEOLTE, L'. See FiHx. Sebastian Bach. Suite major H. A
I. A ;
ENGEDI. See Chridus am Oelberg. minor ; HI. G minor IV. ;major V. E F ;
ENGEL, DAVID HERil.ANN, born at minor ; \T. D minor. Published by the

Neu-Euppin, Brandenburg, Jan. 22, 1816, Bach-Gesellschaft, Clavierwerke, vol. ii. 1.
died at Merseburg, May 3, 1877. Dramatic ENICELIUS, TOBIAS, born at Leskow,
composer and organist, pupil of Wilke on Bohemia, about 1655, died (?). He was can-
the organ, then at Dessau (1835-37) of tor in Flensburg about 1655, then went to
Friedrich Schneider, and at Breslau of Tonningen in the same capacity, and in
Adolf Hesse. After his return to Neu-Rup- 1660 to Hamburg. He composed a can-
l)in in 1839 he devoted himself to compo- tata and music to Opitz's Epistles. Men- —
sition, but went in 1841 to Berlin, where del Fctis Mattheson, Ehren-Pforte, 59.
; ;
he taught music, and studied singing under ENNELIN, SftBASTEEN, born at or

Teschner. In 1848 he was appointed or- near Saiut-Queutin about 1650 or 1655,
ganist of the cathedral at Merseburg, and died after 1719. Church composer, at first
instructor of singing at the Domgymna- chorister in the maitrise of Saint-Quentin,
sium. For his Choralbuch he received the aud in 1680 succeeded Antoine Gras as
great gold medal for art and science, and choir director of Saint-Louis' chapel. Works
for his merits in general the title of royal —
in manuscript in the library of the col-
ENNO
legiale of Saint-Quontin, vol. i. (1709) : 8 comic Singspiel in three acts, text by Gottlob
Salve Itegina for four ami six voices ; 4 Stephanie, adapted from Bretzner's JM-
Alma Kedemptoris 4 Ave Rcgina
2 In- monte und Constanze, music by Mozart, first
; ;
violata ; 3 Regiua cuAi Maria represented at the Nationaltheater, Vienna,

; Pie Jesu ;
mater gratiic, mass for four voices Do- July 12, 1782. This work, written when ;
mine, (juiiique taleiita, motet for do. Vol. Mozart was twenty-six years old, was the
ii. (1714) Requiem mass for five voices beginning of a form of romantic opera in
:
;
Audi, benigne Christe, qui lux es et dies, which the style and aria of the Italian oj)era
Vexilla regis, Da pacein, Lenten liynins. buffa was united with the style, Lied, and
Vol. iii. (1718): lo O salutaris, for five dialogue of the German Singspiel, a form
voices Four masses for four, and one mass afterwards repeated on a grander scale in
;
for three voices. Fi'tis. — Die Zauberfliite. Its production led to a

ENNO, 8EBASTIAN0, Italian composer, paper war between the librettists Stephanie
living in tbe middle of the 17th century*. and Bretzner, during which Andre, the
He published Arioso caiitate, libi'o primo composer of Belmoute und Constanze,
e secondo (Venice, 1C55). Fetis Mendel — ;
Schilling.
ENRICO, CONTE DI BORGOGNA, Ital-
ian opera, music by Donizetti, represented
at the Teatro San Luca, Venice, 1818.
This, Donizetti's first opera, met with such
success that he was commissioned to write
another one for the same city.
ENRICO, DETTO IL LEONE (Henry
the Lion), Italian opera, text by Hortensio
Mauro, music by Agostiuo Steflani, repre-
sented in Brunswick, l(i89. A German ver-
sion, Heiurich der LOwe, bj' Fiedler, was
given in Hamburg, Ki'Jt!. The subject of
the is Henry the Lion, Duke of
libretto
Saxony and Bavaria and head of the House
of Guelph, Frederick Barbarossa's warlike took the side of Stephanie, notwith-
antagonist in tlic twelftli century standing that he had aided ^lozart in pro-
ENTFESSELTE I'ROIMETHEUS, DER ducing an opera which virtually suj>plauted
(Prometheus Unbound), Choruses to Her- his own. Mozart's work was produced in
der's i)oe)n, by Franz Liszt. Instrumental Paris first, at the Lycee des Arts, Sept. 2fi,
introduction The symphonic poem Prome- 1798
: again in 1801 and 1830 and in ; ;
theus. No. 1. Chor der Oceaniden, for fe- French, as L'enK-vement au serail, text by
male voices No. 2. Ciior der Tritonen, for Prosper Pascal, at the Theatre Lyriijue,
;
mixed voices No. 3. Chor der Dryaden, for May 11, 18.59. It was given in English as
;
female voices No. 4. Chor der Schnitter, The Seraglio, " with additional airs by Mr.
;
for mixed voices No. 5. Chor der Winzer, Kramer," at Coveut Garden, London. Nov.
;
for male voices and soloNo. G. Chor der 24, 1827. The action passes in the harem
;
Unterirdischen, male voices No. 7. of Seliin Pacha, where are a Spanish gill
for ;
Chor derUnsichthareu, do.; No. 8. Schluss- Constanze, her maid Blondchen, and a valet
Chor (Chor der Musen), for mixed voices. Pedrillo, all under the chai-ge of Osniin,
ENTFUHRUN(} AUS DEM SERAIL, guardian of the harem. Belmonte, the lover
DIE (The Elopement from the Harem), of Constjinze, peneti-ates into the haiem in
EN
Lope of efi'eetiug liis mistress's release. Pe- au SupiDlice ; 5. Songe d'une Nuit de Sab-
drillo tries to aid him by drugging Osmin's bat. The monodrama of Lelio, a spoken
wine, but the wily guardian sees througli monologue with incidental music for solo
his design and exposes the plot. The con- voices, chorus, and orchestra, shows us the
spirators are about to suffer the penalty of young comjjoser after awaking from his
their acts when the Pacha discovers in Bel- dream he meditates upon love and art, at
;
monte a citizen of Burgos who once saved length arousing himself to seek consola-
his life, and gives them all their freedom. tion in the exercise of his art. The scene
The original cast in Vienna was as follows changes, and he appears at the head of a
:
chorus and orchestra, conducting the last

Constanze (S.) Mle Cavalieri.
rehearsal of his own Fantaisie dramatique
Bloudchen (S.) lllle Tayber.
sur la Temi)ete de Shakspeare, a cantata
Osmiu (B )
M. Fischer.
for chorus and orchestra with which, and a
Belmonte (T.) M. Adamberger.
last return of the Idee fixe, the work closes.
Pedrillo (T.) M. Dauer.
The entire Episode is but the exjjression of
A favourite Constanze of later times is Mme Berlioz's love for Henrietta Sniithson, whom
Peschka-Leutuer (boi"u in Vienna, 1839), he afterwards married, and Camilla J\Ioke,
—
whose portrait is given. Hanslick, Moderiie afterwards Mme Pleyel. The Fantasie sur
Oper, 51 ; Jahn Navmiann (Ouseley), ii. la Tempete was first given sejiarately at the
;
894. Paris Opera in 1829 the Symphonic Fan- ;
EN V.\IN J'ESPfiRE. See Robert le fastique at the Conservatoire in 1830 and ;
Diable. the entire work, with Bocage in the part of

ENVY, ELDEST BORN OF HELL, Lelio, at the Conservatoii-e on Dec. 11, 1832.
chorus iu E-flat in Handel's Saul, Part H. The score of the Symphonie Fantastique,
;
one of the composer's most famous chor- and a masterly transcription by Liszt for
uses. pianoforte solo are pviblished by Brandus
ICPISODE DE LA VIE D'UN ARTISTE the full and pianoforte scores of
(Paris) ;
(Episode in the Life of an Artist), the by Richault (Paris). Schumann (Rit-

title lielio, —
of Hector Berlioz's opus 14, the first part of ter). Music and Musicians, 1st series, 228 ;
which is the symphouie fantastique, and E. Hippeau, Berlioz Intime, 244 Georges ;
the second, the lyric mouodrama, Lelio, ou Noufflard, Hector Berlioz, 44 Jullien, Ber- ;
le Ketour la Vie (the Return to Life). lioz (1888), 50

ii Atlantic Monthly, xli. 32. ;
The symphonic fantastique, iu C major, the fiPREUVE MLLAGEOISE, L' (The Vil-
composer's first great symj^hony, is a piece lage Test), vaudeville in two acts, text by
of so-called programme-music descriptive of Desforges, music by Gretry, represented at
the dream of a young composer who has the Tla-fiti-e Italien, Paris," June 24, 1784.
tried to poison himself with ojjium iu a fit The subject is an episode of Theodore et
of disappointed love. The beloved object Paulin, an unsuccessful lyric comedy in
appears to him in the gviise of a melody, three acts, by the same authors, given at
which Berlioz calls I'ldee fixe (the fixed the Italiens, March 18, 1784. In its new
idea), and which is treated thematically or form the work proved a dramatic success.
episodicallj', in each one of the five move- It was revived at the OjJera Comique, Paris,
ments of the symphony. This idee fixe is in 1888.
interesting historically, as the
first instance ERBA, Don DIONIGI, Italian composer,
in music of what Wagner afterwards termed end of the 17th century. Lived in Milan ;
the Leitmotiv. The headings of the five was of noble family and took holy orders.
movements are 1. Reveries, Passions 2. Works Arion, opera (with Valtellina), 1694
: ; :
;
Un Bal 3. Scene aux Champs 4. Marche Artemio, opera (with Besozzi and Battes-
; ;
ERBA
tiui), and probably a lla<^nificat for soli, chorus, and orchestra, 1870 Schnee-
1G95 ;
;
two from wbich Handel is thought wittchen, for do., 1873

choirs, Traumkouig und ;
to have borrowed several pieces in the sein Lieb, for soprano, female chorus, and
second part of Israel in P^jjfypt. Grove —
small orchestra ; Des Kaiserheeres Rom- ;
Gerber Chrvsander, G. F. Hiiudel, i. 1(J8.

; fahrt, for male chorus and orchestra Over- ;
ERBA, GIOKGIO, violinist and com- ture to Prinzessin Use, for orchestra do. to ;
poser. Originally from Milan, he was liîug Brachvogel's drama Narciss Trio fur piano- ;
in Komo about 1730. Some of his violin forte and strings Sonata for pianoforte and ;
sonatas have survived. Mendel —

Futis violin Alljumblutter, for do.
; ; 5 choruses
; ;
Gerber. I for male voices, a cappella, op. 2G ; Reise-

ERBACH (Erbaclier), CHRISTIAN, bom I
bilder, for pianoforte ; Nordseebilder, for
at Algesheiiu in the Palatinate about 1560, do. (four hands) Songs.
; — Mus. Wocheublatt
died (?). He was about IGOO, to
organi.st, (187!)), 453, 4G7, 478.
Marcus Fuggcr in Augsburg, later to the EliE LONG DKITH. See rurilans
cathedral there, and in 1G28 a member of the I
Daughter.
city council. His manuscript compositions ERE^HT.^ GILTJO, bora in Fenara
are in the Augsburg Cathedral Library and about 1550, died about 1600. Organist ;•
Berlin Royal Library. Works Cantiones real name Giuho Giusberti, but called Ere-
:
sacra (Augsburg, IGOO, 1603, 1604, 1611) mita, because he belonged to the order of
;
Acht geistliche deutsche Licder (ib.) Songs Camaldolite Eremites. Works Primo libro
; :
in contemporary collections. Allgem. d. —

de' madrigali a 6 voci (Ferrara, 1584; Antwerp
Biogr., vi. 184 Mendel Grove Fetis.
; ; 1600) Madrigali a cinque, lib. i. (Venice,
; ! ;
ERBAltMi: DICH, :MEIN GOTT, aria in 1597) II secondo libro de' madrigali a cin-
;
B minor for the alto of Coro I., with ac- (jue (ib., 1599). His madrigals are also in
companiment of violin solo, strings com- Italian and Flemish collections, such as
plete, and continuo, in Johauu Sebastian Melodia olympica (Pierre Philipps, Ant-
Bach's A/.v-.-i'-d nach ^latthihis, Part H. weq), 1594) Trionfo di Dori (Venice, 1596
j
;
;
ERDM.VNNSDORFER, .MAX, born at Antweri^, 1596, 1601, 1614) ; Paradiso

II
Nuremberg, June 14, 1848, still living, 1888. musicale (Venice, 1595 ; Antwerp, 1596) ;
Pianist and violinist, first instructed by his Madrigali di diversi eccellenti e famosi
father and by August Raab, then at the autori (Antwerp, 1595) and in the collec- ;
Couservatorium. Leipsic (1863-67), pupil of tions of Schad, Bodeusehatz, and Domfri-

Moscheles and Reinecke on the i)iauoforte, dus. Fetis Mendel. — ;
of David and Dreyschock on the violin, and ERFURT, IvARL, bora at Magdeburg in
of Hauptmann, Riehter, and Reinecke in 1807, still living, 1888. Pianist, pupil of
theory; finally in Dresden (1868-60) pupil Miihling at Magdeburg, where for many
of Rietz. In 1871 he became Hof-Kapell- yeai's he hiught music, until called to Hil-
lueister to the Prince of Schwarzburg, at desheim as musical director. He has com-
Sondersliausen, where he actively promoted posed more than fifty works for pianoforte,
the production of the best modern compo- and songs. Fetis ^lendel. — ;
sitions, and raised the already high staud- ER GEHT IND LîSST DICH MEINEM
ai-d of this renowned orchestra. He re- SCHUTZ. See i;i,„zi.
signed his position in 1880, then lived in ERHEBE DICH, GENOSSIN MEINER
Vienna, Leipsic, and Nuremberg, and in SCHMACH. See Lohengrin.
1882 was appointed artistic director of the KRINNYES, LES (The Furies), anticiue
Imperial ^lusic Society, and professor at drama in two parts, text by Leconte de
the Conservatorium in Moscow. Works Lisle, after the "Orestes" of ^scbylus,
Prinzessiu Use, Waldsage (forest legend) for music by Jules Massenet, represented nt the
ERK
Odi'on, Paris, Jan. C, 1873. The incidental Pesth, in 1837, he was appointed its Kapell-
music of this tragedy, as first performed, meister, and afterwards received the title
was composed of an introduction, two inter- of director general of music, having won
kides, and a melodrama. On its reproduc- great distinction as the creator of an ex-
tion at the Opera National, May 15, 187G, cellent orchestra, and as conductor and com-
the music was more developed, with some poser. His numerous songs, in which the
additions and new instrumentation, but character of national melodies is happily
the efifect was not increased. —
Clement et blended with the requirements of the more
Larousse, 845. elevated modern style, but especially his
EEK, LUDWIG CHRISTIAN, born in operas, have made him extremely popular
Wetzlar, Jan. (>, 1807, died in Berlin, Nov. in Hungary. Among the latter, Hunj'udy
25, 188;?. Son and pupil of Adam Wil- Laszlo obtained the greatest success, and
helm Erk (177i)-1820), and pupil of J. B. may jjreeminently be considered the na-
Spiess, L. Eeinwald, and A. Andre. He tional opera of Hungary, although Bank
became a teacher in the seminary of Meurs Bin is probably his master work. In 1808,
in 1829 started musical festivals at Eem- when he conducted the great Hungarian
;
scheid and other towns was called in 1835 music festival at Debreczin, he was made
;
to the Royal Seminary for City Schools in honorary director for lifetime of all the
Berlin, where he led the liturgic choir of singing societies of Hungary. Works
the cathedral in 1836, but gave it up in Operas Bathory Maria, given at Pesth,:
1838 for want of support. In 183G-38 he 1840 Hunyiidy Laszlo, National Theatre,
;
was a teacher in the family of Prince Karl 1844 Erzsebet, ib., 1857 Ki'mok, ib., 1858
; ; ;
of Prussia in 1843 he founded a Miinner- Bank Ban, ib., 18G1

; Sarolta, ib., 1SC2 ;
gesangverein in 1852 a Gesangverein for Dozsa Gyin-gy, ib., 18G7

; Brankovics Gy- ;
mixed chorus in 1857 became musical di- Orgy, ib.," 1874 King Stephen, ib., 1874.
; ;
rector and iu 1877 retired from the Ber-

; Wurzbach. —
lin Seminary. Besides his own compo- ERKENNE MICH, MEIN HUTER,
sitions, he published many collections. choral to the melody " Haujat voll Blut
Works Liederkranz, Siugvogelein, Deut- uud Wunden," in E major, in Johann
:
scher Liedergarteu, IMusikalischer Jugeud- Sebastian Bach's Passion nach Matthiius,

freund, Siingerhaiu, Sioua, Sangesbliithen, Part I.
Volksklimge, Deutscher Liederhort, Deut- ERLANGER, JULES, born at Weissen-

scher Liedcr.schatz, Turnliederbuch, and burg, Alsace, June 25, 1830, still living, 1887.
many other collections of jwjHilar songs, Pupil at the Paris Conservatoire of Hak'-
amounting to about forty, and mentioned vy. After publishing pianoforte music and
more fully by Mendel, some of them in bringing out several operettas in Paris, he
conjunction with his brother, Friedrich devoted himself to business. Works
Albrecht Erk, and his brother-in-law, W. L'Arbre de Robinson, operette in one act,
Greef. — Mendel; Grove; Kiemann; Schil- Boufles Parisiens, Oct. 19, 1857; Mes-
ling, Supplement, 118. dames de coeur volant, ib., April 16, 1859 ;
ERKEL, FERENCZ, born at Gyula, Les musicians de I'orchestre, opera-bouffe

Hungary, Nov. 7, 1810, still living, 1888. in two acts (with Delibes), ib., Jan. 25,
Pianist and dramatic composer, first in- 1861 La servaute a Nicolas, opei-ette in
;
structed by his father, who was an able one act, ib., March 11, 1861 Pianoforte ;
amateur musician. When twenty-four he be- —

music Songs. Fetis, Supplement, i. 305.
;
came musical director of the opera company ERLEBACH, PHILIPP HEINRICH,

at Kaschau, and with it went to Buda at born in Essen, July, 25, 1657, died in Ru-
;
the opening of the National Theatre at dolstadt, April 17, 1714. He received his
ERLKONKi
ami was Kapell- musicians competed.
ninsical education in Paris, His opera-comique,
meister in Kiulolstadt from 1083 until his Le testament, was given in Liege iu 1836,
(Icatli. AVorks Cliamber, organ, and vocal and in Brussels in 1838. Author of " Sol-
:
nuisic. — AUgem. d. liiogr., vi. 223 ; Men- fege chorale transpositeur."

Fi'tis, ii. 152 — ;
del ; Fetis ; Schilling. Mendel. do.. Supplement, i. 30G ;
I'MtLKONKi, DVAi (The Eri King), bal- ERMIONE, Italian opera, music by Ros-
lad by (joethe, music by Schubert, written sini, represented at the Teatro San Carlo,
in 1815 or ISKJ, i)ublished as op. 1 by Naples, in Lent, 1819. Though well sung,
Cappi and Diabelli, Vienna, 1821, with a it was not a succe.s.s. Edwards, Life of R., —
dedication to Count Moriz von Dietricli- 201.
stein. The original sketch, now
in the ERNiVNI, tragic opera in four act.s, text
Royal Library, Berlin, from the by F. Î. Piave, music by Verdi, first repre-
differs
published copy in having the accompani- sented at the Teatro Fenice, Venice, March
ment in groups of four instead of in 9, 1814. The libretto is an adaptation of
triplets for the right hand. The song was Victor Hugo's drama, " Hernani." Before
sung only at private gatherings for several its production in Venice tlie police, refus-
years, Schubert being unable to find a pub- ing to permit the representation on the
lisher, and it was not given in public until stage of a conspiracy, caused the libretto
Jan. 25, 1821, when it was sung at the Mu- and parts of the music to bo changed. It
sikvercin by August von Gymnich, with a was played at Her ilajesty's Theatre, Lon-
success which added materially to the com- don, March 8, 18-15. AVhen about to be
poser's fame. It was published the follow- given in Paris, Victor Hugo objected to the
ing month by private subscription, and after use of his drama, and to please him the
its performance by Vogl at the Kiirnthuer- libretto was rewritten. The titlewas
thor Theater, March 7, 1821, it had a rapid changed to II proscritto, the scene removed
sale. Arranged by Liszt for voice and to Venice, and the bandit Ernani made into
small orchestra published, score and parts,
;
Oldrado, an Italian coi-sair. In this guise
by Forberg (Leipsic). Arranged also by the oi)era was produced at the Theiitre
Berlioz for voice and orchestra. HcUboru — Italien, Jan. G, 1840 ; but the poet was
(Coleridge), i. 59, 307. finally appeased, and it was given later iu
EllLKONIGS TOCHTER (The Erl- its proper form. The scene is laid iu Ara-
king's Daughter), cantata for solo voices, gon, time 1519. Characters represented :
chorus, and orchestra, by Neils AV. Gade, Ernani (T.) Don Carlos, King of Spain
;
op. 30, written in 1852. The story varies (Bar.) Don Ruy Gomez de Silva (B.) El-
; ;
somewhat from Goethe's poem. Sir Oluf, vira (S.) Johanna (M.S.) Don Riccardo
; ;
on the eve of his wedding-day, is enticed (T.) lago (B.). Ernani, son of the Duke
;
away by the Erl King's daughter, and rides of Segovia, but under a ban and chief
homo in the morning to die at the castle of a band of brigands, is in love with
gate. Elvira, a noble lady betrothed to the
ERMEL, LOUIS CONSTANT, born in Duke do Silva, and plans to cany her
Ghent, Dec. 27, 17!)8, died in Paris during ofT. Don Carlos, the King, al.so loves her
the siege of 1870. Pianist, pupil at the and tries to abduct her. Her cries bring
Paris Conservatoire under Zimmerman, to her rescue Ernani, who defies the King,
Eler, and Lesueur. He won the grand prix and Silva, who challenges Lim, but bogs
de Rome, 1823, for his cantata Thisbe the for pardon when he discovei"s Lis iden-
;
gold medal of the Societe des Beaux-Arts, tity. The King finally carries ofl" Elvira
Ghent and the bronze medal in 1848 for and Silva challenges Ernani. The latter
;
a national chorus for which eijrht hundred refuses to light, and induces Silva to aid
ERNANI
him in taking vengeance on tlie King, at Poland, and lived several years in the house
the same time giving him a horn and prom- of Prince Zamoiski, in Warsaw. Then he
ising to take his own life whenever Silva became a teacher in the Warsaw Conserva-
shall wind it. In the third act the conspir- tory resided in Breslau in 1833-3G and ; ;
ators are plotting in the catacombs -when later returned to Warsaw. Works: Piano-
the King appears suddenly among them forte music Songs. Mendel Fetis, iii. ; — ;
and orders the nobles to execution. Er- 1.52 ; do., Supplement, i. 30G ; Sowinski,
nani, as a noble,demands the right to share Musiciens polonais, 183.
their fate, when the King pardons all and ERNST n., Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha,
bestows Elvira upon Ernani. In the fourth born at Coburg, June 21, 1818, still living,
act, in Dramatic composer, pupil of Breid-
the midst of the festivities attending 1888.
horn is heard and eustein at Bonn, and of Reissiger at Dres-
their w-edding, the fatal
Ernani parts from Elvira, and keeps his den, where his musical education was much
word by killing himself. Among the prin- furthered by intercourse with Mendelssohn,
cipal numbers are, in the first act, Elvira's Moscheles, Wagner, Liszt, and others. The
aria, " Ernani, involami ;
" Don Carlos's fact that his operas continue in the reper-
aria, " Bella come un primo araore ;
" the tories not only of Germany, but of other
duet between them, " Eiero sangue d' Ara- countries, seems to prove that their success
gona ;
" and Silva's bass solo, " Infelice ! e is due something more than the com-
to
tu credevi." In the second act, the duets poser's exalted station. Works Operas — :
between Ernani and Elvira, Ah morir " ! Zaire, given at Gotha, 1840 Toni, about ;
potessi adesso," and " La vendetta piti tre- 1850 Santa Chiara, Coburg, 1854, Paris,
;
menda." In the third act the grand septet 1855 Casilda, Brussels, 1855 Diana von
; ;
and chorus "O sommo Carlo," well known Solanges, Coburg, 1858, Dresden and Go-
in its English form as " Crowned with the tha, 1859 Immer Liebe, cantata, with or-
;
Tempest," is one of the composer's best ef- chestra Aller Seelen, do. Fackeltanz, for ; ;
forts. In the last act the duet between Er- full orchestra and brass instruments Die ;
nani and Elvira, " Cessaro i suoni," is full of deutsche Tricolore, hymn for male chorus
—
dramatic feeling. Hanslick, Moderne oper, and brass instruments (prize at Music Fes-
220. tival, Dreux) Fantasia for j)ianoforte, vio- ;
ERNANI, INVOLAM. See Ernani. loncello, and peolodion many other instru- ;
EKNELINDE, PKINCESSE DE NOR- mental works, and several books of songs.

VEOl^, tragic opera in three acts, text by —Mendel.
Poinsinet, music by Philidor, represented ERNST, CHRISTIAN GOTTLOB, born
at the Academie Royale de Musique, Paris, at Silberberg, Silesia, Feb. 2, 1778, died (?).
Nov. 24, 17G7. The text is an adaptation Organist, pupil in Breslau of Neugebauer
of an Italian libretto entitled Ricimero, and Berner, became organist in 1798 at
which was set to music by Pergolesi (Na- Ohlau, where he did much towards the de-
ples, 1731) and by Jomme'lli (Rome, 1740). velopment of musical life. He set to music
Eruclinde, which is Philidor's best work, several psalms, and published sonatas for
was reproduced in Paris, Jan. 21, 1769, the pianoforte and violin, organ music, etc.
under the title of Sandomir, prince de Dane- Fetis Mendel —
Schilling. ; ;
mark and again, Dec. 11, 1773, with the

; ERNST, FRANZ ANTON, born at Geor-
text remodeled bj' Sedaiue. genthal, Bohemia, Dec. 3, 1745, died in Go-
ERNEMANN, 'jIORITZ, born in Eisle- tha, Jan. 13, 1805. Violinist, was choir-boy
ben in 1800, died in Breslau, Aug. 8, 18GG. in Neuzell and later violinist to the Jesuits
Pianist, pupil in Berlin of Ludwig Berger. in Sagan ; after studying law at Prague
He went, in 1820, with Prince Radziwill to Uniyersity, he held an office in his native
ERNST
place, but soon became secretary to Count Fantasia on Rossini's Otello ; Concertino in
von Sabn, and finally, on the advice of Lolli, D Polonaise de Concert
; ; Variations ou
made concert tours. He wa« influenced by Dutch national air ; Pirata, Cappriccio
Stad in Strasburg returned to Prague in
; Rondo Papageno ; Concerto (.\.llegio patbc-
1773 and in 1778 was appointed ducal
; tique) in F-shaq^ Carnaval de Ve- minor ;
Conzertmeister in Gotlia. He devoted some nise, in imitation of Paganini Erl King ;

;
attention to improving the construction of Bolero Variations on Hungarian aire 2

;
;
violins, and was an industrious composer of (juartets ; Etudes. — Allgeni. d. Biogr. vi.
violin music. — Wurzbacli, iv. 72 ; Mendel 325 ; Wurzbacli, iv. 73 ; Grove Mendel ;
Fetis ; Schilling ; Riemann ; Wasielewski, Wasielewski, Die Violine, 345 l-'eti.s, Sup-
;
Die Violine, 214. plement, i. 30fi ; Hart, The Violin, 435.

ERNST, HEINRICH WILHEL:\I, born ERO E LE.LN'DRO (Hero and Leander),
at Briinn, Moravia,
/^^ opera by Arrigo Boito, music by
seria, text
in 1814, died in Giovanni Bottesini, represented at the Royal
Nice, Oct. U, 18G5. Theatre of Turin, Jan. 11, 1879. This work,
Violinist, pujiil at sung by Barbacini, Roveri, and Mme Brus-
the Vienna Conser- chi-Chiatti, had a considerable success.
vatorium und er EROE CINESE, L' (The Chinese Hero),
Biihm for violin, Italian opera, text by Metastasio, first set
and Seyfried for to music by Bonno and represented at
composition i n- ; the Imperial Theatre at Schrmbrunn, 1752.
structed later by Scene near the city of Singana (See-Ngan),
Mayseder. His capital of the province of Chensi (Shen-See),
playing was greatly China. Characters represented : Leaugo,
influenced by Paganini. At the age of six- ruler of China ; Prince Siveno, his suj)posed
teen he made his first concert tour studied ; sou, in love with Lisinga ; Minteo, a man-
several years in Paris under Charles de Bc- darin in command and Lisinga of the armj- ;
riot and in 1834-50 travelled over almost

; and Ulania, Tartar princesses, the one in
all Europe with wonderful success. In Hol- love with Minteo, the other with Siveno.
land alone he gave two hundred concerts. In The been set to music also by
libretto Las
1850 he settled in London, but latterly had Perez, Lisbon, 1753 Hasse, Dresden, 1753 ;
to give up playing in public, and his last Gluck, Schiinbrunn, 1754 Rauzzini, Mu- ;
years were embittered by an incurable spinal nich, 1770 Sacchini, Munich, 1771
; Majo, ;
disease. As a violin virtuoso his playing was Naples, 1771 Cimarosa, Naples, 1783 Por-
; ;
marked by brilliancy, jiassiou, mastery over togallo, Turin, 1788 ; Checchi, Legbom,
all technical difliculties, and great beauty 1810.
of tone. His compositions arc effective EROICA. See S!iiifo)iin Eroica.
EROSTR.VTE (Ero.stratus), opera in two
acts, text bj- Mcry ami Pacini, music by
Ernest Reyer, first rejnescnted at the
theatre of Baden, Aug. 21, 18t;2. Li the
libretto, the story of Ei-ostratus, who is
known to history only as the incendiary of

the temple of Diana, at Ephesus, is mingled
with much fable, in which AthenaYs the

courtesan, Scopas the sculjitor, and the
and extremely diflicidt. Works :Venus of Milo are made to play parts.
2 noc-
turnes; rJliijie for violin and pianoforte; The opera was given in I'aris, at the OpOra,
p:rotikon
Oct. IG, 1871, but was withdrawn after two — Futis ;Mendel Gerber Schilling
; ; ; Win-
representations. terfeld, Der evaiig. Kirchengesang, i. 370.
EROTIKON, Liedercyclus by Adolf Jen- ESCHBORN, KARL, born early in the
sen, op. 44. lOtli century. Dramatic composer, Con-
ERSCHALLET, FEIERKLANGE. See zertmeister in the court theatre orchestra
liieiui. of Mannheim in 1830, music director in
ERSTEHE, HOHE ROIVIA, NEU. See Cologne in 1842, and dramatic director in
JUenzi. Aix-la-Chapelle in 1845. Works : Bastards
ERTEL (Ertclius), SEBASTIAN, German oder das Stiergefecht, opera in three acts,
composer of the early part of the 17th cen- test by Wiedenfeld, given at Amsterdam,
tury. He was a Benedictine monk at Wei- February, 1847 Songs.— Mendel Fctis. ; ;
henstephan, near Freising, and later in the ESCHMANN, JULIUS KARL, born at
Convent of Gersten, Upper Austria. He Winterthur, Switzerland, April, 1826, died
published church music. — Mendel Fotis in Zurich, Oct. 27, 1882.
; ;
Pianist, pupil of
Gerber. Mendelssohn lived in Cassel until 1852,
;
ERSTE WALPURGISNACHT, DIE (The when he settled in Zurich as a teacher.

First Walpurgis Night), ballad for solo He composed chiefly didactic music for
voices, and orchestra, poem by
chorus, pianoforte and violin. —
Mendel Futis, Sup- ;
Goethe, music by Mendelssohn, op. GO. plement, i. 306 Riemann.;
The composition was begun in Ajjril, 1831, ESCI OMAI. See Nuzze di Figaro.
and was nearly finished before May. The ESCOBEDO (Escovedo), B.\RTOLO-
first version was completed in Milan, July ME, born in Spain about 1510, date of
15th, except the overture, called by the death unknown. Church composer and
composer Saxon Overture, which bears the learned contrapuntist ; first studied in Sala-
date, Feb. 13, 1832. This first version was manca, then went to Rome, where he became
brought out in Berlin in Jauuarj', 1833. a member of the Pontifical Choir in 1536.
Ten years later, Mendelssohn returned to He was afterwards (1554) a priest in Segovia,
the work, making several changes, and re- and was one of the judges in the musical
scoring the whole. This second and final dispute between Vicentini and Vincenzo Lu-
version was given with an English transla- sitano. His motets are found in Eslava's
tion by Bartholomew, by the Philharmonic, Lira sacro-hispana, and some of his church
in London, July 8, 1844, and at the Ge- music was preserved in the royal chapel at
wandhaus in Leipsic, March 1, 1845. Ber- Madrid, notably 2 Miserere and a IMagni-
lioz's account of being at the last rehear- ficat, which were considered very fine. Fc- —
sal for this performance (Mcmoires, 203) is tis, iii. 156 Hawkins, Hist., iii. 91
; Schil- ;
j)robabIy wrong, as Berlioz was in Leipsic ling ; Ambros, iii. 569.

ill February, 1843, and in Paris and Vienna ESCOVAR, J0A6 DE, Portuguese com-
in the early part of 1845 but his account
; poser of the beginning of the 17th century.
of the work worth reading. The full and
is His motets were published in Lisbon in
pianoforte scores are iûblished by Kistuer 1620. He was the author of " Arte de mu-
(Leipsic). —
Lampadius, 2d ed., 134 Allgem. sica theorica y jjractica." Fetis Mendel
; — ;
mus. Zeitung, xlviii. 165. Gerber.

ERYTHRAUS, GOTTHARD, born in ESCRIBANO, JUAN, Spanish musician
Strasburg about 15G0, died about 1617. In of the 16tli century. His compositions are
1587 he became Magister in Altdorf, in 1595 found in the Papal Chapel, Rome, where he
Cantor and music teacher of the Gymnasium ofiSciated as singer after having received a
there, and in 1609 rector of the Stadtschule. musical education at Salamanca. Fetis, —
His principal compositions are sacred songs. Suj^plement, i. 307.
ESILIATI
ESILIATI DI SIBERIA, GLI. See Elmi- by Louise Angelique Bertin, Paris, ISSO;
helh. Mazzucato, Mantua, 1838 Dargomyskv, ;
ES LST DIR GESAGT, cantata for Dom. Moscow, 1847 Prince Poniatowski, Leg-
;
viii. jiost Triiiit., by Joliami Sebastian horn, 1847 William Henry Fry, Philadel-
;
Bucli. Piiblishetl by tlie Bach-GescUschaft, phia, 18G4 Wilhelin Wetterhahn, Chem-

;
Church Cantatan (1800), vol. v.. No. 4/) and ; nitz, 18G6 Friedrich Mailer, Laibacli,
;
accompaniments by Robert
witli ailditional 18G7 Campana, St. Petersburg, 18C9.
;
Franz, full and pianoforte scores (F. E. C. — Athen.eum (1883), i. 417.

Lcuckliart, Breslau). ES MUSS DOCH FRUHLING WER-
ES 1ST GENU(} ! ba.ss air of Ellas in DEN, symphony in E minor, op. 67, com-
MeiidelssoUn's AY/a.s-, Part IL monly called the Spring symphony, by Fer-
ESLAVA, Don :MI(iUELHILAHIO, born dinand Hiller, 1840.
at Banlada, near Panipcluna, Spain, Oct. 21, ESPADERO, N. RUIZ, born in Ha-
1807, died in Jladrid, July 23, 1878. Dra- vana, Cuba, in 1835. Pianist, pupil of
matic composer, first instructed in solfeggio Arizti ;
publi.shed brilliant pianoforte mu-
and singing when a choir-boy in the Ca- sic in the style of Gottsehalk. He was
thedral of Pampeluna, then pupil of Julian Gottschalk's musical executor, and edited
Prieto on the pianoforte and the organ, and the posthumous works of that composer,
of Francisco Seccanilla in composition. In published by Oliver Ditson k Co. (Boston
1828 he became maestro de capilla of the and New York). Works Souvenir d'autre- :
cathedral at Ossuna, where he took orders fois, op. 11 Chant de lame, op. 13 Plainte
; ; ;
in 1832 of the Cathedral of Seville, wliere du poOte, op. 14 Partez, ingrate, mulodie, ;
he was consecrated a priest, and in 184-1 op. 15 Barcarolle, op. 18 Cantili-ne, op. ; ;
of the royal chapel at ^Madrid. Order of 19 Ballade, op. 20 Innocence, caprice,

; ;
Charles IH., 1848. Works—Operas II so- op. 23 Tristesse, nocturne, op. 53 Ossian,
: ; ;
litario, given at Cadiz, 1841 La tregua polka de salon Deuxiome ballade, op. 57
; ;
;
di Ptolemaide, ib., 1842 Pietro il crudele, Scherzo, op. 58 Valse ideale, op. 60 Chant
; ; ;
ib., 1843 Spanish operas. Jlore tlian 150 du Guargiro, scene caracteristique cubaine,
; ;
church compositions, comprising masses, op. 61. Fi'tis, Supplement, i. 307 Mendel, — ;
psalms, hymns, motets, etc. He published Ergiinz., 98.

also Lira sacro-hispana, and iluseo organico ESPENT, PIERRE, born in Marseilles,
espanol, collections of church music by old Aug. 28, 1832, stiU living, 1888. Blind or-
and new Spanish masters, and in 18(!2 ganist and composer, pupil at the institu-
wrote, for the Revue de musique sacrce tion for the blind in Paris, and received a
(Paris), an interesting survey of the history composition prize from Adolph Adam. Be-
of church music in Spain. —
Fetis Grove; came a teacher of solfi'ge and of the pi-
;
Mendel. anoforte, director of a music class in a

ES5IERALDA, opera in four acts, text school for the blind, in 1858, at Nancy, and
bj' Marzials and Randegger, after Victor in 1865 at Marseilles, and organist at No-
Hugo's romance " Notre-Dame de Paris," tre Dame de la Garde. He has comix>sed
music by Arthur Goring Thomas, first rep- overtures, masses, cantatas, orchestral mu-
resented at Drury Lane Theatre, London, sic, etc. Fetis, Supplement, i. 307 Men-— ;
March 26, 1883. The work was well re- del, Ergiinz., 98.
ceived and has since been given in Ger- ESPIN Y GUTLLEN, JOAQITN, pianist
many. In 1887 Mr. Thomas rewrote the and organist, born at Velilla, Spain, May
fourth act, and restored the tragic close in 4, 1812, died in Madrid. June 24. 1882.
accordance with the original idea of Victor He wrote popular zai-zuelas, and in 1842
Hugo. The same subject has been treated published "La Iberia musical," the first
ESSER
musical paper published in Spain. He be- ESSEX, TIMOTHY, born at Coventry,
came secoutl organist in the royal chapel Warwickshire, 1780, died (?). Organist ;
in 1855 ;
Mus. Doc, 1812.
professor of solfeggio at the Cou- Mus. Bac, Oxford, 1806 ;
servatorio director of the chorus at the Works

; Rondos G duets for two flutes : ; ;
lioyal Theatre, 1872. —Fetis, Siippk'meut, i. Pianoforte and organ music. Fetis Men- — ;
308 ; :\Iciulel, Ergiinz., 98. del.

ESSER, HEINKICH, born Mannheim, in ESTE (Est, East,
Easte), MICHAEL, born
July 10. 1818, died in Salzburg, June '.i, in England, latter part of 16th century, died
1872. Violinist, pupil of Franz Lachner after 1638. Organist, conjectured to have
and of Sechter in Vienna became Conzert- ; been the son of Thomas Este (died after
meister and theatre conductor in Mannheim, 1624), the most important of the early Lon-
director of the Liedertafel in Mainz in 1842, don music publishers. He first appears in
and Kapellmeister of the theatre there in print as the author of the five-part madrigal.
1846 In 1847 he was called to Vienna as Hence, stars, too dim of light, published in
Kajjellmeister of the Imperial Opera, was "The Triumphes of Oriana " in 1601. Be-
director of the Philharmonic concerts for tween 1610 and 1618 he obtained his degree
some time, and
18G7 was appointed art-
in of Mus. B.ic, Cambridge and he became ;
member of the board of directors of the master of choristers of Lichfield Cathedral.

Opera, but retired in 1869 on a pension. Works First set of Madrigals (London,
:
He was loved as a man, respected as an 1604) Second set (ib., 1606)

; Third set of ;
artist, and some of his songs became very Bookes, wherein are Pastorals, Anthems,
popular. His widow and children were Neapolitanes, Fancies, and Madrigals, to
pensioned by the Emperor. Works— Op- 5 and 6 parts (ib., 1610) Madrigals, An- ;
eras : Silas, given at Mannheim, 1839 thems, etc. (ib., 1618) ; Anthems (ib., 1624)
Ki(|uiqui, Aix-la-Chapelle, Die beiden Duos and Fancies for Viols (ib., 1638).
1843 ;
Prinzeu, Munich, 1844. String quartet 2 Grove Hawkins, History, iv. 25 Bur-
; — ; ;
suites 3 symphonies about 40 books of ney. History, iii. 133 Mendel.

; ; ;
songs 2 sonatas
; Trio with pianoforte,
; ESTELLA. See Les Bluets.
and other music, in all 81 opus numbers. ESTHER, oratorio in three acts, text by
His orchestral trauscrijitions of Bach's C Alexander Pope (?), music by Handel, first
minor Passacaglia, and Toccata in F, have performed at Cannons, the residence of
been much played in Germany and America. the Duke of Chandos, Aug. 20, 1720. The
— Allgem. d. Biogr., vi. 382 Mendel Grove; original work, Handel's first English ora-
; ;
Fetis. iii. 159 Supplement, i. 308 Rie- torio, for which he received £1,000, is in
; ;
manu. one iârt of six scenes, and was probably

ESSER, KARL MICHAEL, Ritter VON, first called Haman and Mordecai. It was
born in Aix-la-Chaiielle about 1736, died sung first in London, Fel). 23, 1732, by the
after 1791. He became first violin of the Children of the Chapel Royal, on Handel's
court orchestra of Cassel about 1756, and in forty-seventh birthday. The success of this
1759 began a concert tour which lasted private performance led to the announce-
many years and covered nearly all Eu- ment of a rival representation by a specu-
rope. The Pope made hitu a knight of the lator, April 20, 1732, and this induced Han-
Order of the Golden Spur in 1772. He del to give a public jierformance at the
travelled in Spain in 1786. Works: Die King's Theatre, May 2, 1732, when the
drei Piichter, opera, given in Gotha, 1791 work was given enlarged to three acts. For ;
Violin music, much unpublished. —

Mendel this new version the text was rearranged
Fetis Schilling Wasielewski, Die Violine, by Samuel Humphreys, and Handel rewrote
; ;
218. much of the original music, composed much

ESTOCART
new music, and borrowed from the freely ! llarcel, in which he eventually loses his
Coronation Anthems. The JI8., in Buck- i
life.
inghiim Palace, wants the overture and the j

ETHERIDGE, GEORGE, English corn-
last page but two complete conducting
; poser of the KUh century, born at Thame,
scores are in the same collection, and an- j
Oxfordshire. He wrote anthems, madri-
other one is at Hamburg. Characters rep- gals, and songs.
resented Ahasuerus, Haman, Habdonah,
; I^TOHÊ DU NORD, L' (The Star of the
pjsther, Jlordecai, Chorus of Persian Sol- |
North), opera in three acts, text by Scribe,
diers, Chorus of Israelites. The overture, music by ^leyerbeer, first represented at
one of the best Handel ever wrote, is also the Opera Comique, Paris, Feb. IG, 18.^4 ;
one of the most pojjular, and the cho- given in Italian as La SteUa del Nord at
ruses are superb. The aii-s were published
by Walsh (1738), and by Arnold (17!M) ;|
text with pianoforte score, edited by J. J.
Maier (Leipsic, 1858) full score, Handel ;
Society (London, 1844^5) original score ;

|
(Haman and Mordecai), and revised score

(Esther), Hiindelgesellschaft (1 vol., Leipsic,
1882).— Rockstro, Handel, lOfi, 169 Reiss- ;
mann, G9 Schailcher, 59, 104

; Chrysan- ;
der, ii. 2(;9.
ESTOCART. See L'Edocart.

j
ESTRf:E, JEAN
French composer of
D',
the IGth century. Duverdier styles him
joueur de hautbois du Roi. His composi-
tions are published in four books entitled :
Livres de daiiseries, contenant le chant des

bransles eommuns, etc., de Champagne, de
Bourgogne, de Poictou," etc. (Nicholas du
Chemin, Paris, 15G4).— F.'tis Mendel. ;
ES WIRD EIN STERN AUS JACOB

AUFGEHN, chorus in Mendelssohn's Chris-
tus.
fiTIENNEMAECEL, gi-and-opi'ra in four 1

Ouprez. IS Cstheri
acts and six tableaux, text by Louis Gallet,

music by Camille Saint-Sai'us, first rep- Covent Garden Theatre, London, July 10,
resented at the Lyons Theatre Feb. 8, 1855. It includes several numbers from an
1879. The characters represented are earher work by Meyerbeer, Das Fddhujer :
fitienne Marcel, provost of the merchants hi Schlesien (The Camp of Silesia), given
;
his daughter Beatrix, and his wife Mar- in Beriin, 1843. The libretto is weak, but
guerite Robert de Loris, equerry to the
; the music is brilliant and stirring, and full
Dauphin, in love with Beatrix Eustache, an ; of singular orchestral eflects. It opens at
adventurer Jean ihiillard. district police
; Viborg. Finl.and, where Piene (Peter the
officer The Daupliin Robert de Clermont,
; ; Great), working in the disguise of a ship-
mar.shal of Normandy Robert Lecocii, Bish-;
caqienter, makes the acquaintance of Da-
op of Laon Pierre, friend of Robert de
; nilowitz, a pastry cook, and of Catlierine, a
Loris. The action turns on the events of cantiuiere. to whom he becomes betrothed,
an insurrection of the populace led by , though she does not know his n\nk. A
£toile
conscription takes place and Catherine, to Pierre Battaille.
save her brother George, who has just mar- Catherine Caroline Duprez.
ried Prascovia, disguises herself as a soldier Danilowitz Hermann-Leon.
and volunteers in his place.In the second Gritzenko Lemercier.
act, which opens in a Eussiau camp, Cath- Nathalie Mile Leocadie.
erine, while doing duty as a sentinel, peeps
into a tent where she sees Pierre and Da- — Edwards, Lyrical Drama, i. 274 ; Hans-
nilowitz drinking and making love to two lick, Moderne Oper, 151.
girls. Shocked at this, she neglects her ETOILE DE SEVILLE, L' (The Star of
duty, insults an officer, and is condemned Seville), opera in four by Hippo-
acts, text
to punishment. A mutiny among the lyte Lucas, music by Balfe, represented at

the Acadomie Koyale de Musique, Paris,
Dec. 17, 184:5. The subject is from "La
Estella de Se villa" of Lo23e de Vega, which
had previously been adapted for the French
stage by Lebrun, under the title of " Le Cid
d'Andalousie." Balfe was commissioned to
write this work, which ran twenty succes-
sive nights, by the director of the Opera,
he being the first English composer who
had been thus honoured. lie received for
it 15,000 francs and 250 francs for each
performance. It was sung by Mme Stoltz,
Mile Nau, Baroilhet, Gardoui, Paullin,
—
Meughis, and Bremond. Barrett, Balfe,
172.
ETT, KASPAR, born at Erling, Bavaria,
Jan. 5, 1788, died in Munich, Nov. 17, 1847.
At the age of nine he sang iu the choir of a
Benedictine monastery, and in Munich was
the pupil of Joseph Schlett and Josejih Griitz.
He was the organist of St. Michael's iu Mu-
nich from 181G until his death, and did ex-
cellent serviceby reviving the sacred music
of the 16th, 17th, and 18th centuries, which
soldiersand news of the coming of the he took as models for his deeply religious
enemy arouses Pierre, who makes himself masses, requiems, and other church music.
known to his men and quells the revolt. His works number about 200, only a small
In the third act, Pierre and Danilowitz ap- portion of which have been published. AII- —
pear in the Czar's palace, but Catherine gem. d. Biogr., -vi. 392 Mendel Fetis Rie-
; ; ;
has disaj^peared and cannot be found. She mann.

is at last discovered by Danilowitz, wander- ETTLING, £:\nLE, born in Germany
ing around bereft of her reason. After about 1820, resident of France, 1888. His
many efforts, Pierre succeeds in arousing operettas, Un jour de noce, 18G4 Le nain, ;
her by playing on his flute familiar airs, 1873 Le tigre, 1873 L'ceil de monsieur
; ;
her senses are restored, and the two are I'expert, 1874 En maraude, 1877, have
;
united. The original cast at the Opera been given at the minor theatres of Paris.
Comique in 1851 was as follows : —
Fetis, Supplement, i. 309.
Etudes
tTVDEH SYm^HONIQUES en forme has survived. He published songs. —Ger-
(le Variations for pianoforte, by Roljert ber ; ^Mendel ; Ft'-tis.
Schumann, op. 13, dedicated to William EULE, C. D., born in Hamburg in 177G,
Sterndalo Bennett, composed in 1834, pub- died there in 1827. The son of an actor, ho
lished in August, 1837. Twelve variations brought out an opera at the age of twenty,
on a theme the melody of which was tle- and became hiter the musical director of
rived from the father of Ernestine von the theatre of his native city. Works Die :
Fricken, the friend of his youth. All tlie vcrliebten Werber, opera, Hamburg, 1790 ;
etudes are in.stiuct wîth originality and Das Amt- und Wirtshaus, opera, ib., about
strength, and are full of fancy. The whole 1800 Gia&ar und Zaide, opera, ib., 1800
;
concludes with a brilliant movement, in Der Unsichtbare, opera, text by Costenobel,

which the theme of the variations appears ib., about 1800 ilusic for pianoforte. Men-
; —
only in a subordinate position, the opening del Schilling; Fi'tis.
;
motive being taken from a song in Marsch- EULENSTEIX, ANTON HEINRICH SI-
ner's opera Tem2)ler und Jiidin, which con- GORA, Edler VON, born in Vienna in
tains the words, Du stolzes England, freue 1772, died there, Nov. 14, 1821. He was a
dich. The adoption of this theme for the government official for a short time took ;
finale was intended by Schumann as a com- lessons of Mozart, and became the leader
pliment to Sterndale Bennett, who had just of an amateur orchestra. Works Der Per- :
come to Leipsic, when the variations were riickenmachei*, opera, given in Vienna, about
composed. In the second edition, pub- 1800 Vetter Damian, opera, ib., about 1800
;
lished 1852, he changed the title to the Die Wander-schaft, ib., about 1800 Der ;
far more appi'opriate one of Etudes en gebesserte Lorenz, opera, ib., about 1810;
—
forme de Variations. Maitland, 53 Rie- Sonatas; Quartets; Songs, etc.
; Mendel; —
mann, 61. Fotis; Schilling.
EUCH LUFTEN, DIE IIEIN KLA- EUMENE (Eumenes), Italian opera, mu-
GEN. See Lohrngrin. sic by Ziaui, rejiresented at Venice in 1G96.
EUGEN (FRIEDRICH KARL PAUL The subject is the same as that of Antigono
LUDWIG), Duke of Wiirtemberg, liorn at (Autigonus). It has been musically treated
Oels, Silesia, Jan. 8, 1788, died at Karlsruhe also by Albiuoni, Rome, 1717 Porpora, ;
Jlanor, ib., Sept. IG, 1857. Amateur dra- Rome, 1721 Jomnielli, Naples, 174G Man-
; ;
matic composer of considerable ability, enna, Turin, 1750 Sacchini, Rome, 17G3
; ;
tered at an early age the service of his uncle, Rorghi, Turin, 1778 Buroni, Stuttgai't,
;
the Czar Paul of Russia, took part in the 1778 Bertoiii, Venice, 1784.
;
campaigns of 180(5-7 in East Prussia, and EUilENIDES, choruses luul incidental

1810 in Turkey, and distingui.shed himself music to the tragedy by JCschylus, by
as a general in the wars of independence, Charles Villiers Stanford, oji. 24, first
and in 1828 against the Turks. After re- given at Cambridge, England, Dec. 1, 1885.
tiring from military service he lived mostly —
Athenanim (1885), ii. 740, 741.
on his estate Karlsruhe, in Silesia. His EUPHROSINE ET CORADIN, ou le
compositions, comprising songs, instru- tyi'an corrige, opi.'nicomiquo in three acta,
mental works, and operas, among which iu verse, text by HofTmanu, music by Miiuil,
especially Die Geisterbraut, were widely fii-st represented at the Theatre It;ilien,
known and popular. Paris, Sept. 4, 1790. Mehul. then twenty-
EUGENIUS, IRAUGOTT, German com- seven yeai-s old, had struggled with fortune
poser of the 15th century. He was cantor until the production of this work, which
at Thom about 1490, and was one of the met with gi-atifying success and insured
oldest German contrapuntists whose name his future. The duet iu the second act.
EURIUICE
" Ganlez-voiis do la jalousie, " is a master- betrothed into the wilderness and leaves
piece of dramatic expression. her to perish. Lysiart gets possession of
EUKIDKJE, musical drama, text by Otta- Adolar's estates and marries Eglantine, but
vio Riiuiccini, music by Jacopo Peri and the latter, tortured by remorse, confesses
Giulio Cacciui, represented at the Palazzo the deceit practised upon Adolar, and is
Pitti, Florence, on the occasion of the mar- stabbed by Lysiart. Adolar challenges the
riage of Henri IV. of France with Slaria de' robber of his inheritance, but the combat is
Medici, December, IGOO. This work, found- prevented by King Ludwig, who declai'es the
ed on the story of Ori)hcus and Eurydice, offender forfeited to the law, and reinstates
was the first opera ever performed in pub- Adolar. Euryanthe, who has been found
lic, Peri's earlier drama, Dafnc, having been in the wilderness by huntsmen, returns and
performed only privately. Both composers brings joy to all. The performance was
wrote music to the whole text, iudeijeu- conducted by the composer in person, who
dently of each other, but at the performance
part of Peri's score and part of Caccini's
were used. Peri's Euridioe was published
in Florence in 1000 and reprinted at Venice
in 1G08 and a new edition was published
;
in Florence in 1863. Caccini's Euridice

was also published separately in Florence
in 16G0. Peri's Euridice was given iu Paris,
at the Petit Bourbon, 16-47,by a company
of Italian singers invited to France by Car-
dinal Mazarin. — Ambros, iv. 253 Naumann ;
(Ouseley), i. 524.
EURYANTHE, gi-and romantic opera iu
Helmiua von Chezy (born
three acts, text by
von Klencke, 1783-1856), music by Carl
Maria von Weber, first i-epresented at the
Court Opera House, Vienna, Oct. 25, 1823.
The cast was as follows :
Euryanthe (S ) Frl. Henrietta Sontag.

Eglantine (M.-S.) Frau Griiubaum. Henrietta Sontag,
Lysiart (B.) Herr Forti.

Adolar (T.) Herr Heitzinger. was received with a storm of applause but ;
Ludwig VI. (B.) Herr Seipelt. enthusiasm soon grew cold, and the opera
was given only seven times. It was given
The libretto is from a French I'omance en- later in Vienna with SehrOder-Devrient in
titled " Histoire de Gerard de Nevers et the chief part, and again, under the admin-
:
de la belle et vertueuse Euryant de Savoy e, istration of Count Gallenberg. It was pro-

sa mie," which both Boccaccio and Shake- duced wdth success in Berlin, Dec. 23,
speare (" Cymbeline ") had previously used. 1825 then in Weimar and Dresden in
; ;
Adolar, Count de Nevers, is betrothed to Paris, at the Opera, Ajjril 6, 1831, with in-
the beautiful Euryanthe de Savoy. Eglan- terpolations from Oberon and generally dis-
tine, her rival, in league with Lysiart, arranged by Castil-Blaze in London, at
;
Count de Forest, succeeds in arousing Covent Garden, .lune 29, 1833 and again
;
Adolar's suspicions in regard to Eglantine's in Paris, at the Theatre Lyrique, Sept. 1,

faith, and Adolar himself conducts his 1857, with a new libretto. The opera was
ErTITIUS
played in New York about 18G3, but tlic Dramatic composer, pupil of Brigode, maitre
first proper representation was at the ^Met- de chapeile of St. Peter's, Louvaiu. He has
ropolitan Opera House, Dec. 2li, 1S87, wlien served as bandma.ster in several Belgian reg-
it was sung in German, witli Lilli Lelunann iments, and became iu 1844 professor of
the
in tlie title-rule. — ^lax M. von Weber, Carl bugle, trumpet, and cornet-a-pistons at the
M. von W. (Leipsie, 1804), ii. :552, 451 Conservatoire, Liege. Works: L' Avalanche,
;
Hellborn (Coleriilge), Life of Schubert, i. opei-a ; Hommage a Gretry, dramatic over-

240 Hanslick, Moderne Oper, 09 Kreh- ture
; ; ; much military and church music pub-
biel. Review (LS87-1SM8), G2. Ushed in Liege. — Fetis, Supplement, i. :«)•).
EUTITIUS, AU(JUSTIN, Polish com- EVERS, KARL, born in Hamburg, April

poser of the ITtli century. A Minorite, at- 8, 181'.), died in Vienna, Dec. 31, 187.5.
tached in l(i43 to the chapel of Ladislaus Pianist, pupil of Jacques Schmitt jjlayed ;
IV., of Poland. He composed church music. in public at tlie age of twelve then made a ;
—Mendel Fetis Sowiuski, 184.

; ; concert tour of Denmark and Sweden. He
EVANS, CHARLES SilART, born in studied theory under Zieger in Hanover,
Loudon and Karl Krebs in Hamburg, and received
in 1778, died there, Jan. 4, 1840.
A chorister in the Chapel Royal under Dr. in 1831) some instruction from Mendelssohn
Ayrton, he was admitted as gentleman of in Leipsie visited Paris, where he was well ;
the Chapel Royal in 1808. The Glee Club received by Chopin and Auber then went ;
awarded him a prize, in 1811, for "Beauties, to Vienna, and settled in Gratz as music-
have you seen a toy?," an<l in 1812 for " Fill dealer in 1858, but returned to Vienna iu
all the glasses." He took the Catch Club 1872. Works 4 pianoforte sonatas Chan- : ;
prize, in 1817, for the best setting of sons d'amour, or 12 songs without words
William Linley's "Ode to the Memory of chiu-acterizing ditVcrent nations ; Fanta.sias
Samuel Webb," the eminent glee composer Fugues Songs in all, more than one hun- ; ; ;
and obtained anotlier jirize in 1821 for his dred works. Mendel, iii. 442 P^rgiinz., 98 — ; ;
glee, " Great Bacchus." He was the com- Fetis, iii. 105 do., Supplement, i. 309 ; ;
poser of anthems, two of which were Wurzbach, iv. 114 Grove Riemann. ; ;
printed and of several motets written for

; EV'RY VALLEY, tenor air in E, in Han-
the choir of the Portuguese Ambassador's del's Jf,:<slah, Part I.
Chapel, some of which are printed in No- EXNER, GU.STAV HEliM.VNN, bom at
vellos Collection of ^lotets. — Grove. Berbisdorf, near Hirschbeig, Silesia, Oct.
EVE, a mystery in three parts, text bj' 28, 1815. Organist, pupil of his father,
Louis Gallet, music by Jules Massenet, first who was a Cantor ; finished his education
given in Paris, JIarcli IS, 1875. iu Hirscliberg, Jena, and Bimzlau. He
f:VE (D.-ve), ALl'HONSE
born near D', was organist and director of musical soci-
Courtrai, France, aljout the middle of the eties in Goldberg in 1841-45, and then in
17th century. Churcli composer, priest, and Sagan. His compositions are mostly vocal
maitre de chapellc of Notre Dame, Antwerp, church music. — !Mendel ; Fi'tis.
from 1718 to 1725 and for jnany years ; EYBLER, JOSEPH, Filler VON, born
leader of the choir of the Church of Saint- at Schwechat, near Vieima, Feb. 8, 1705,
Martin, Courtrai. His motets and other I died in Schimbrunn. July 24. 1840. Pupil
cbui-ch nuisic in JIS. are prcserveil in tlie of Lis father and of .Vlbrechtsberger iu Vi-
Clnu-cli of Sainte-Walhurge, at Audenarde. enna. He adopted law as a profession,

— Fetis ; Vander Stracten, ii. 128 iii. v. but changed to nuisic when his parents be-
; ;
145 ; Biog. nat. de Bclg., vi. 740 ; :\rendel. came poor, and was assisted by the friend-
E\T,R.\ERTS, PIERRE FRANCOIS, ship of Haydn and Jlozart. He attended
born in Louvaiu in 1810, still living, 1888. Mozart in his last illness, and was conimis-
EYKEN
sioned by his widow lo finish the Requiem, 1823, died at Elberfold, Sept. 24, 1868.
but gave up tlie task. In 1792 he became Organist, pupil of his father, Gerard van
choir-niastor of the CarmeHte Cliurch in Eyken, organist subsequently at the Leip- ;
the Vicuna suburb of LcopoLlstadt, in 1793 sic Conservatorium in 1845-46. On Men-

of the Schotten monastery in Vienna, in delssohn's recommendation he finished his
1801 music-teacher to the imperial princes, organ studies under Johann Schneider, in
in 1804 vice-Kajielhaeister 1824, on 8a- Dresden. He gave organ concerts in Hol-
;
lieri's retirement, KapeUmeister to the Em- land in 1847, became organist in the Church
peror of Austria. He was ennobled in 1834. of the Remonstrants, Amsterdam, in 1848,

While conducting Mozart's Requiem in and professor of the organ iu the music
1833, he was struck by aploplexy, which school of Rotterdam in 1853. In 1854 he
compelled him to renounce the active jDrac- went to Elberfeld as organist of the Re-
tice of his jjrofession. He took Mozart's formed Church. He received prizes for
advice in composing mostly church music. the following compositions written for the
His works show a devotional sjsirit, in sjiite Netherlands Society for the Encouragement
of great mobility and occasionally too heavy of Music :Quartet for pianoforte, violin, vi-
instrumentation, and bear some likeness ola, and violoncello 2 organ sonatas music
; ;
to the comjjositions of ^Michael Haydn. for a Dutch drama, Lucifer and songs for
;
Works Das Zauberschwert, opera, 1803

: four male voices. He arranged Goudimel's
(not rejiresented) Die Mutter der Graccheu,; 150 psalms for the Reformed Church for
pantomime Die Hirten bei der Krippe zu
; choir and organ, besides composing church
Bethlehem, cantata, sung in 1794 Die vier ; music and Lieder with pianoforte accompa-
letzteu Dinge, oratorio, performed in 1810 ;
niment, hymns for men's voices, etc. Fi'tis —
32 masses (7 printed) Requiem 7 Te De- ; ; Riemann Mendel.
;
um 30 offertories 35 graduals 7 jâno-

; ; ; EYKENS, JEAN SIMON, born at Ant-
forte sonatas Symphonies Concertos
; ; ;
werp, Oct. 13, 1812, still living, 1889. Dra-
Overtures Chamber music Songs. All-
; ; — matic composer, pupil of Ravets, organist
gem, d. Biogr., vi. 453 Wurzbacb, iv. 120 ;
;
of the chiu'ch of the Augustines, Antwerp,
Fetis Mendel Schilling Riemann Grove.
; ; ; ; and at the Conservatoire, Lii'ge, of Jalheau
EYKEN (Eijkcn), GERRIT JAN VAN, on the pianoforte, and of Daussoigne-Mehul
born at Amersfoort, Netherlands, May 5, in harmony. Returned to Antwerp in 1831,
1832, still living, 1889. Organist, pupil of devoted himself to teaching the iîauoforte,
his father, Gerard van Eyken, organist, of became conductor of the Reunion lyrique
his brother, Jan Albert, and (1851-53) at anversoise iu 1843, and president of the
the Leipsic Conservatorium and at Dres- Reunion des societes lyriques iu 1848.
den of Jobanu Schneider and Magnus of the Societe royale des sciences, Member
Bijhme. After his return to Holland he
Antwerp, and of the Societe d't'mulation,
settled lirst at Amsterdam, and in 1855 at
Liege. Works Le depart de Gretry, op- :
Utrecht, where he became organist of the

eretta, given at Liege, 1829 Le bandit, ;
Waalsche kerk, and Kapelmeester of the opera, Antwerp, 1836 La elc du jardiu, ;
schutterij. Works Het Krooniugsfeest ib., 1837 Cantata for the unveiling of the
:
;
van keizer Karel V. te Bologna, opera, statue of Rubens, ib., 1840 Masses and ;
given at Amsterdam, May 14, 1858, Utrecht, other church music ; Pianoforte pieces ;
Nov. 20, 1859 Sonata for pianoforte and Choruses for male voices, with or without
;
violin 3 sonatinas for pianoforte Songs. orchestra Songs, etc.

; Fetis Viotta. ; ; — ;
— Viotta. EYRE, ALFRED JA:MES, born at Lam-

EYKEN (Eijken), JAN ALBERT VAN, beth, London, Oct. 24, 1853, still living,
born at Amersfoort, Netherlands, Aj^ril 29, 1889. Organist, pupil at the Royal Acad-
EYSEL
emy of JIusic under iÎacfaiTcn, Wesllake, Vicenza, 1790 Mercadante, Turin, 1826 ;
and Smith, and on the organ under Hoytc Celli, Florence, 1830.
and Coojjer. He has served as organist of EZIO, Italian opera in three acts, text by
several metropolitan churches, lastly of St. Metastasio, music Ijy Handel, first rei)-
John Evangelist, 1881 was organist of the resented at the King's Theatre, London,
;
Crystal Palace, 1880. Works : Commun- Jan. 1.5, 1732. The MS., presened in
ion Service in E-flat ; Evening Service for Buckingham Palace, is undated, the last
the Salisbury Diocesan Choral Associa- sheet being missing. The text of Meta.s-
tion ; The 12Gth Psalm for four voices tasio is much abridged and altered. The
String quartet ; Pianoforte music ; Songs, principal characters were sung by Senesino,
etc. Montagnana, and Signora Strada. It was
EYSEL, JOHANN PHILIPP, born at given five times. Published first by Walsh ;
Erfurt, KJiiS, died there, 17()IJ. Amateur full score by Hiindelgesellschaft (Leipsic,
violoncellist, and composer of more than 1880).—Rockstro, Handel, 107 Schoelcher, ;
ordinary ability ;
published several cantatas, 103 ; Chi'ysander, ii. 248.
a great number of motets (Nuremberg,
1738-4G), solos for violin, and flute, with
thorough bass. — Mendel ; Schilling.
FABER, BENEDICT, bom at Hildburg-
EZIO (Êtius), Italian opera in three hausen about the end of the 10th
acts, text by Metastasio, first set to music century, dieil (?). Church composer
by Auletta and represented in the Teatro of distinction, in the sen-ice of the Duke of
dalle Damme, Home, Dec. 20, 1728. The Saxe-Coburg about the first qu.irter of the
libretto, founded on incidents in the career 17th century. Works: The 148th Psalm
of /Etius, the famous general of the Western (in Latin), for 8 voices (Coburg, 1002) Sa- ;
Empire and conqueror of Attila, is one of crre cantiones, 4, 5, 6, 7 et 8 vocibus conci-

Metastasio's best works. Scene in Rome. nendiB (ib., 1605) ; Gratulatio musica ex
Characters represented : Valentiniauo HI., primo capite, etc. 1007) Canticum
(ib., ;
emperor, in love with Fulvia ; Fulvia, daugh- sex vocibus in festivitatem nuptiarum (ib.,
ter of llassimo, betrothed to Ezio ; Ezio, lover 1607) ; The 51st Psalm, Miserere mei Deus,
of Fulvia ; Onoria, sister of Valentiniano, (ib., 1608) .Vdhortatio prima for 8 voices ;
secretly in love with Ezio Massimo, father Christi, etc. (ib., 1609) Cantionuptialis es
; ;
of Fulvia, confidant and secret enemy of psalmo Davidis, etc. (ib., 1009) Cantiones ;
Valentiniano Varo, prefect of pra;'torians sacra?, 4-8 voc. (ib., 1010) Triumphus niu-
; ;
and friend of Ezio. The libretto has been sicalis in victoriam rcsurrectionis Christi, 7
set to music also by Porpora, Venice, 1728 vocibus compositus (ib., 1011) Zwei neue ;
Handel, London, Jan. 1.5, 1732 Lampu- Hochzeits Gesiinge niit 5 Stimnien Gratu- ; ;
gnani, Venice, 1737 Jommelli, Bologna, latorium musicale 6 vocum (ib., 1631). Fi-
; —
17-11, and Naples, 1748 Pescetti, Venice, tis !Mendel.
; ;
1747 Bonno, Vienna, 174!) Traetta, Rome,

; FABRE D'OLIVTT, ANTOINE, bom at
;
|
17.')4 ;Perez, London, 175;j Graun, Ber- Ganges (Herault), Dec. 8, 1768, died in
;
lin, 175.5 Gassmann, Italy, about 17(50 Paris, April, 1825. Dramatic compo.ser; he
; ;
Schwanberg, Brunswick, 17G3 Gluck, Vi- endeavoured to reproduce the old Hellenic- ;
enna, 1703 Felice Alessandri, Verona, system of music in an oratorio written for
;
j
1767 Johann Christian Bach, about 1770

; the coronation of Napoleon Bonaparte. 1804. ;
Pietro Guglielmi, London, 1770 Sacchini, His system was analogous to Blainville's ;
Naples, about 1770 Gazzaniga, Venice, mode mixte, or the mode plagal. Works
;
'
1772 ;Bertoni, Venice, 1777 Mortellari, Le sage de ITndostan, philosophical drama

;
Milan, 1777 Calvi, Pavia, 1784

; Tarehi, with choruses, given in Piu-is, 1790; Ro- ;
FAB III
mances ;
and atro Partenope, 1833 La festa di Carditi-
Quartets for two Antes, viola, ;
bass (1800). — Fi'tis ; ello, ib., Teatro Nuovo, 1833

Laroussc. II Blondello, ;
FAJ3UI, STEFANO, the elder, born latter ib., 1834 La caravana del Cairo, il conte ;
half of the IGth century. He was maestro di Saverna, ib., 1835 L' iuganuo nou dura, ;
di cappella of the Vatican in 1599-1601, ib., 1836 II giorno degli ecjuivoci, ib., 1837
; ;
visited Germany in 1601-2, and was maes- II portator d'acqua, ib., 1840 Lara, o il ca- ;
tro di cappella of S. Giovamii in Laterauo, valiere verde, Cristina di Svezia, Sjioleto,

Rome, in l(i03-7. He wrote two books, 1844.—Fi'tis do., Suppl6ment, i. 310. ;
Duodeciin modi musicales, etc. (Nurem- FABRIZI, VINCENZO, born in Naples

berg, 1602) and Tricinia sacra, etc. (ib., about 1765, time of death not known.
1607), and other church music. Fctis —
Dramatic comjôser, probably pupil at the
;
Mendel. Couservatorio, Naples, where he had his

FABRI, STEFANO, the younger, born in permanent residence, although he spent a
Rome in 1606, died there, Aug. 27, 1058. goodly portion of his life travelling, to
Composer of the Roman school, pupil of bring out his oiDcras, which were very suc-
Nanini. He was maestro di cappella of S. cessful. Works Comic operas I due — :
Luigi de' Francesi, Rome, in 1648, and in castellani burlati, given at Bologna, 1785 ;
1057 of Santa Maria Jlaggiore. Worts La sposa invisibile, Rome, 1786 La neces- ;
Motets for two to live voices (Rome, 1050) sita non ha legge, Dresden, 1786 La con- ;
—
Salmi concertati, five parts (ib., 1060). Ft'- tessa di nova luua, Bologna, 1767 I pun- ;
tis ; Mendel. tigli di gelosia, Florence, 1786 Chi la fa ;
FABRICIUS, WERNER, born at Itzehoe, I'aspetta, Bologna, 1787 La nobilta ^-illana, ;
Holstein, April 10, 1033, died at Leipsic, 1787; Gli amanti trappolieri, Naples, 1787;
Jan. 9, 1679. Organist, first instructed by II cafe di Barcelona, 1788 II Don Gio- ;
his father, who was organist at Fleusburg, vanni, ossia il convitato di pietra, Fano,
and by the cantor Karl Moth then pupil of 1788 L' incontro per accidente, Najsles,
; ;
Heinrich Scheidmann and in composition 1788 La tempesta, ossia da un disordine ;
of Sellius at Hamburg. In 1050 he went to ne uasce uu ordine, Rome, 1788 R Colom- ;
Leipsic to study, and afterwards to i^ractise bo, 1789 La moglie capriccio.sa, Milan, ;
law in 1656 he was made director of mu- 1799.— Fetis Mendel SchiUing.
; ; ;
sic at the Paulinerkirche, and twp years FACCIO, FRANCO, born in Verona,
later organist at St. Nicolai. Works: De- March 8, 1841, still li\ang, 1889. Dramatic
liciiB harmonioB, musikalische Gemiithser- composer, pupil at the Couservatorio, ililan,
gotzung in Paduaneu, Allemanden, Couran- 1855-1801, under Ronchetti and Mazzucato.
ten, Balletten, Sarabandeu, etc. (65), zu 5 He obtained a subsidy from the govern-
Stimmen fiii- Violen und andere lustru- ment which enabled him to travel and
mente (Leipsic, Lieder study. With his friend and co-labourer,
1656) ; Geistliche
(Jena, 1659) Geistliche Arien, Dialogen, Arrigo Boito, he pursues a progressive
;
Concerten, etc., fiu-4-8 Vocalstimmen (Leip- course, deviating from the trodden path of
sic, 1662) ; —
Motets, etc. Allgem. d. Biogr., the Italian operatic style. He was professor
vi. 525 Futis Monatshefte f iir Musikge- of harmony at the Milan Couservatorio,
; ;
schicbte (1875), 180 Winterfeld, ii. 477. ; 1868, and subsequently of counterpoint and
FABRIZI PAOLO, born at fugue, and maestro concertatore and maes-
(Fabrizio),
Spoleto in 1809, died in Naples, March 3, tro di cappella at La Scala, being consid-
1869. Dramatic composer, pupil at the ered the best conductor in Italy since
Naples Couservatorio, and especially of Ziu- Maiiani. Works Concert overture, 1860 : ;
gai-elli in composition. —
Works Operas Le sorelle d' Italia, cantata (with Boito),
:
La vedova d'un vivo, given at Naples, Te- 1862 ; I profughi Fiamminghi, opera, text
FACKELTANZ
Ly Praga, given in ililan, La Scala, Nov. Virtuoso on the flute and guitar, self-taught
10, 18G:5 ;
Anileto, do., text by Boito, Flor- was for years first flute in the orchesti-a of
ence, 1805, Lilian, 1871 ; Cantata fur the the Opera in Vienna, then conductor of an
inauguration of the Turin Exliibition, 188-t orchestra for dance music.
; He has written
Album ineloilico (^lilan, Kicordi) ; Cinque a large number of fantasias, variations, pre-
canzonette veneziane (ib.). —
I'Vtis, Supplu- ludes, transcriptions, etc., for Hute solo, and
nient, i.Mendel, Ergiinz., 99

311 ; Rie- with other instruments, and dance music for
;
niann. orchestra also Methods for oboe (op. 27) ;
FACKELT.VNZ (Torcli Dance Fr., and flute.— Fi'tis do.. Supplement, L 312
; ;
;
Marche aux llanibeaux), a procession with Men<lel Wurzbach. ;
torches and military music, customary at FAHKBACH, PfflLH^P, tbe elder, born
some of the German courts on the occasion in Vienna, Oct. 25, 1815, died there, March
of the marriage of a member of the royal 31, 1885. Dramatic, church, and dance
family. —
Meyerbeer wrote the music a Po- composer, pupil of Lanner conducted for ;
lonaise in march tempo for four 1. For — : years a well-trained orchestra in Vienna,
the wedding of the King of Bavaria, 184G and was afterwards Kapellmeister of a regi-
;
2. For the wedding of the Princess Char- mental band. Works Der Liebe Opfer, :
lotte of Pru.ssia, 1850 li. For the wedding ; opera, given in Vienna, 1844 Das Schwert ;
of the Princess Anne of Prussia, 1853 4. des KiJnigs, do., ib., 1845 Church music,
; ;
For the wedding of the Princess Koyal of and more than 150 works of dance music.
iMigland and the Crown Prince Friedrich of —
Mlgem. wiener Musik-Zeitung (1845),
Prus.sia, Jan. 25, 1858. Spoutiiii, Flotow, 394, 504 Wurzbacli. ;
and others, have also written them. — Men- FAHRB.VCH, PHILH'P, tbe younger,
del ; Grove. born in Vienna in 1843, still living, 1889.
FAGO, MCOLo, called 11 Tarcntino, Dance nnisic composer, son aixd pupil of
born at Taranto in 1G74, died in Naples Philipp Fahrbach, the elder, in whose or-
after 1729. Dramatic composer, pupil of chestra he played first violin, then Bret
Scarlatti at the Conservatorio de' Poveri, flute, and in 1865 shai-ed the conductor-
Naples, and of Provenzale at the Conserva- ship with his father, before organizing an
torio de' Turchini. He succeeded Proven- orchestra of his own, when he rapidly won
zale as maestro,and had as pupils Nicola the reputation of an able conductor. In
Sala, Leonardo Leo, and other celebrated 1870 he became Kapellmeister of a regi-
nuisicians. Of his several operas the name ment, and in 1872 instituted at Pesth well-
of one only, Eustachio, is jn-eserved. As- attended concerts, at which he plays bis
tarte, a lyricaldrama, was produced at Na- own compositions, now numbering more
ples, Teatro San Bartolomeo, in 1709. His than 300, which are almost as much in de-
church music includes masses, motets, lita- mand as those of Strausjf. Mendel, Er- —
nies, Te Deum, two Magnificat, a Benedic- giinz., 99 Fetis, Supplement, i. 312.
;
tus, psalms, etc. Some ai-e in the 5ISS. of FAIDIT (Faydit), CiAFCELM. born at
the National Library, Paris, others in the Fzerche (Correze), France, about 1150, died
archives of the Naples Conservatorio and about 1220. Richard Cieur do Lion called
other musical libraries in Italy. Bassevi's him to his court, and he accompanied that
collection contains an oratorio, Faraone monarch to the Holy Land, and wrote a dirge
soinmerso, for four voices and instruments. at the time of his death (1190). He lived
— Fetis ; do., Suppk'meut, i. 311; Mendel; subsequently at the court of the Marquis de
do., Ergiinz., 99 Kiemann.
;
Montferrat, and at that of Raymond d"A-
FAHKBACH, JOSEF, born in Vienna, goult. About fifty of his songs are pre-
Aug. 25, 1804, died there, June 7, 1883. served.— Fetis ; Liuousse ; Gerber ;
Men-
FAIGNIENT
del ; Brockhaus ; Allgcra. Gounod's Faust, and his own opera,
d. Biogr., vi. Girl,
575 ; Anibros, ii. 22() ;

The organization was subse-
Viotta, i. 496. Valerie.
FAKEMENT, NOK, Dutch contrapuntist quently changed into a choral society. In
of the Kitli centuiy. Ho lived in Antwcrj) 1878-81 he was organist of St. John's
about 1570 his airs, motets, and madrigals C;hurch, Elizabeth, N. J., then of Grace
;
were printed in Paris and Antwerp (15(i7- Church, Jersey City, in 1883 of Ascension
1595). His works, written in the style of Church, New York, and in 1884 of St.
Orlando Lasso, are in the collections of that Ignatius Church in the same city, which
time, some of them in the Antwerp col- position he still retains. He has published
lection of the Brussels library, in the Livre about 150 compositions, of which nearly
septieme des chansons vulgaires. Fetis —
100 are songs and about 40 are sacred ;
Van der Straeten, i. 95 v. 283 Burney, choral works the remainder, jjianoforte
; ; ;
Hist., iii. 2G2 Mendel Walther, 328 pieces. He has written also a gi-aud opera,
; ; ;
Viotta, i. 497. Valerie, in four acts.

FAIRFAX. See Fai/r/ax. FAIR EOSAMOND, English opera in
FAIRLAMB, JAMES EElMIlSiGTON, four acts, text by C. Z. Barnett, music by
born, of American parentage, in Philadel- Jolin Barnett, first represented at Drury
phia, Pennsylvania, Jan. 23, 1837, Lane Theatre, London, Feb. 28, 1837. It
still liv-
ing, 1889. Organist, pupil of his mother, is full of charming music, but owing to a
and of Charles Boyer, then organist of St. poor libretto had indift'erent success.
Stephen's Church, Pluladelphia. Before he FAISST, (GOTTLOB IMMANUEL
was sixteen j-ears old he became organist FRIEDEICH), born at Esslingen, WUrtem-
of the Western Methodist Episcopal Church, berg, Oct. 13, 1823, still living, 1889. Or-
Philadelphia a year later of the Tabernacle ganist, self-tauglit served as organist when
; ;
Baptist Church, and four years afterwards nine years old, went to Berlin in 1844, and
of the Clinton Street Presbyterian Church, was advised by Mendelssohn, to whom he
where he remained two years. In 1858 showed some of his compositions, to pursue
he went to Europe, and studied, at the his studies independentlj-. Having given or-
Paris Conservatoire, singing under Michel gan recitals in several cities, he settled in
Masset and Madame Bockholtz-Falconi, and 1846, at Stuttgart, where he founded in 1847
harmony under Adolphe Danhauser, and the Union for classical church music, in 1849
at Florence, singing under Mabellini. In the Suabiau Siingerbund, and in 1857 with
ISfiO he settled in Washington, D. C, as Lebert the Conservatorium, at which he
organist and choir-director of the Church taught the organ and composition, and of
of the Epiphany, but returned in 1861 to which he assumed the directorship in 1859.
Europe as United States Consul at Ztirich, He is also organist of the Stiftskirche. Tlie
Switzerland, where he remained four years, university of Tubingen conferred on him
during which he received from the King of the degree of doctor, and the King of Wiir-
Wiirtemberg the grand gold Medal of Art temberg the title of professor. His com-
and Science. In 1865 he returned to the positions consist of cantatas, motets, cho-
Church of the Epii^hauy, Washington, but ruses, songs, organ and iîanoforte music.
a year later removed to Philadelphia, and Mendel Riemann. — ;
in 1870, became organist of St. John's FAITHFUTLi SHEPHERD. See Pastor

Episcojial Church, Washington, and later fido.
of the Assembly Presbyterian Church in FALANDRY, ALEXIS GERMAIN, born
the same city. During his residence in at Lavalette (Aude), France, April 28, 1798,
Washington he organized an amateur opera died in 1853. Composer of church and
company, which produced Balfe's Bohemian chamber music, pujiil of Fetis at the Paris
FALCONE
ConseiTatoire, 1824-1827 ; became maitrc FALLANI, DOMENICO, Neapolitiin
(le cliapello in Soutlieni France. Of liis church composer, maestro di cappella at
cliuich music ami romances were published Pozzuoli in the second half of the 18th
in Paris (Canaux) : JIass for three voices, century. He wrote masses, vespers, and
with two violins, viola, and bassMemorare, psalms for three and four voices, witli two
;
motet for four voices, and organ Domine violins, viola, and bass. His Orazione di
;
non secundum, for three voices and organ Geremia, for a .solo voice, with violins, viola, ;
sacrum convivium, do. Ecce panis, do. and organ, suggesting the style of Pergolesi
;
;
Attende Domine, do. Ave vcrum, for two and Leo, is commended as a masteri)iece.
;
voices Hymn to St. Vincent de Paule,

; F.'tis. —
for do.; Organ pieces, and many romances. FALL BABYLONS, DER (The Fall of
— Fctis; Mendel. Babylon), oratorio in two part.s, text by
FALCONE, ACHILLE, Italian contra- Oetker after the English of Edward Taylor,
puntist of the end of the IGth century, died music by Spohr, composed 1840, iii-st per-
at Cosenza, Italy, Nov. 9, ItiOO. He was formed at Cassel, Good Friday, 1841 Mu- ;
maestro di cappella at Caltagirone. His sic Festival, Norwich, 1842 Exeter Hall, ;
name is well known in musical histoiy from London, 1843, conducted by Spohr in per-
the long musical discussion as to the supe- son. Spohr 's Autobiography (English ed.), —
riority of his merits over those of his rival, ii. 247.
Sebastiano llaval ; several of the best musi- FALLN IS THE FOE, chorus in D mi-
cians of the time, including Nanini and So- nor, in Handels Jitda^ Maccabiius, Part II.
riano, were made umpires, liaini accords FALLOUARD, PIERREJEAN 5HCHEL,

him much praise. His madrigals were j)ub- born at Honfleur (Calvados), France, July
lishcd after his early death. Fctis —
Men- 11, 1805, died there, Apiil IG, 18G5. Organ-;
del Schilling Ambros, iii. 591.

; ; ist, pupil of Delaporte, whose successor he
FALCONIO (Falconius), PLACIDUS, became at St. Catharines, Honfleur, in 1825,

Benedictine monk, born at Asola, died in and of Godefroi at Rouen. He then studied
the beginning of the 17th century. Church the works of Haydn, Mozart, and Beethoven,
compose!", entered the convent of his order and formed many able pupils. Works
at Brescia in 1.5-19. "Works : Missno introi- 6 series of marches, pas-redoubK's, etc., for
tus per totuni annum (Venice, 1575) ; Pas- military band ; 6 valses brillantes for piano-
sio, S. Voces bebdomadfc sanctpe (ib., forte ; 2 quadrilles for 4 hands ; Variations
1580) ; Responsoria hebdomadio sanctse, etc. for clarinet ; 3 duos concertauts for 2 clar-
(Brescia, 15St)) ; Turbarum vocis, etc. (ib., inets ;Romances, with pianoforte Organ ;
1580) ; Magnificat octo tonorum (ib., 1588). and and songs. Fetis.
i>ianoforte music, —
—Fetis ; Gerber (1812), ii. 73 ; Mendel FALST.VFF, Italian comic opera in two
Ambros, iv. 79. acts, text by Manfiedo Maggioni, music by
F.VLEGNAilE DI LIVONL\, IL (The Balfe, represented at Her ^lajesty's Thea-
Carpenter of Livonia), Italian comic opera, tre, London, July 19, 1838. The libretto
text by Romani, music by Donizetti, repre- is an adaptation from Shakespeare's "Meiry
sented at the Teatro di San Luca, Venice, Wives of Windsor." The music was en-
1819. The same libretto, set to music by tirely written within two months. Sung by
Giovanni Pacini, was given at Milan in Grisi, Albertazzi, Caremoli, Liiblache, Ru-
1819. and at Bergamo in 1832. it won an unqualified bini, and Tamburini,
FALKNERS (The Fal- success. The trio, " VoiTei parlar,'' ami the
BRAl'T, DES
coner's Bride), German opera, music by melody, " O mia gioia," were very popular
Heinrich Marscliner, given at Leipsic, and are still found in progran)mos.— Bar-
1832. rett, Balfe, 122 Kcuuey, Memoir, 12t;. ;
FAMILLE
FAMELLE SUISSE, LA, optTa-comique FANNA, ANTONIO, born in Venice in
in one by Godart d'Aiicourt (Saint- 1795, died there, March 15, 1845. Pianist,
act, text
Just), music by Boielilieu, repiesonteil at wrote fantasias for pianoforte, caprices, etc.,
the Theatre Feydeau, Paris, Feb. 12, 1797. besides romances and canzonets for the
This, the composer's first work of impor- voice. Fetis Mendel Viotta, i. 499. — ; ;
tance, liad a successful run of tliirty nights, FANTASIE MIT CHOR, for pianoforte,
alternately with Cberubini's Medee. — Pou- with orchestra and chorus, text by Christian
gin, Boieldieu, -48. Kuffner, music by Beethoven, op. 80, iu C
FAMINZIN, ALEXANDER SERGIE- minor, composed 1808, first performed in
YITCH, born at Kaluga, Russia, in 1811, Vienna, Dec. 22, 1808 ; dedicated to King
still living, Dramatic composer, pu-
1888. Maximilian Joseph I. of Bavaria. Pub-
l)il of Jean Vogt in St. Petersburg, of Haupt- lished by Breitkopf & Hiirtel (Leipsic, 1811).
mann, Richter, and Riedel in Leipsic (18G2- — Thayer, Verzeichniss, 77 Leuz, Bee- ;
G5), and of Seifriz at Lowenberg. In 1866 thoven, ii. 188.

he was made j'l'ofessor of musical history FANTASIO, opcra-comique in three acts,
and ffisthetics at the Conservatory of St. text after the comedy of Alfred de Musset,
Petersburg, and in 1870 secretary of the music by Offenbach, i-ejireseuted at the
Russian Music Society. Since 1869 he has Opera Comique, Paris, Jan. 18, 1872. The
edited the Russian periodical Musical Sea- role of the buffoon was played by Mme
son, and he contributes also to other papers. Galli-Marie Elsbeth by Mlle'Priola.
;
Works : Sardanapal, opera, given iu St. FANTASTIC SYMPHONY. See fjpi-

Petersburg, 1875 ; Uriel Acosta, do., ib., sode de la vie d'un artiste.
1883 ;Triumph of Dionysos, symphonic FANTE, ANTONIO DEL, died in Rome,
poem Russian rhapsody for violin and or- March, 1822. He was maestro di capjiella
;
chestra Quintet with pianoforte String of S. M. Maggiore, Rome, from 1817. He

; ;
quartets ; Pianoforte pieces and

church and chamber music in MS.
songs. left
—Mendel, Ergiinz. ; Riemann. Mendel. — Ft'tis ;
FANATICO BURLATO, IL (The Fanatic FANTON, NICOLAS, maitre de musique

Ridiculed), opera bufta, music by Cimarosa, of the Sainte-Chapelle, Paris, 1757. He had
performed at the Teatro del Fondo, NajDles, previously held a similar position at the
1787. It is probably identical with II fa- Cathedral of Blois. He composed motets,
uatico inberlina (The Fanatic in the Pillory), and played at the Concerts Spirituels from
given in Milan, 1792. 1754. His best compositions are in La-
FAlSfCHETTE, ou I'heureuse epreuve, lande's style. They were never published.
opera-comique in three acts, text by Des- Fetis Mendel. — ;
fontaiues, music by Dalayrac, represented FANUCCHI, DOMENICO, born in Lucca,

at the OpLTa Comique, Paris, Sept. 13, Italy, about 1795, died there, June 24, 1862.
1788. An opera-comique of the same title, Organist, pupil of Domeuico Quilici, and of
in one act, text and music by Eugene Do- Domenico Puccini. He became one of the
jazet, was produced at the Theatre Dejazet, best performers of his time was maestro ;
Paris, Feb. 4, 1860. of the Seminario of S. Martino. Works

FANISKA, German opera in three acts, Masses Psalms Motets Hymns, etc. ; ; ;
text by Sounleithner from the French, mu- (1820-1846).— Fetis, Supplement, i. 313;
sic by Cherubini, represented at the Kiirnth- Mendel, Ergiinz., xii. 100.
nerthor Theater, Vienna, Feb. 25, 1806. It rAR.\:\IONDO (Pharamond), Italian op-
had an immense reputation, being consid- era in three acts, text by Apostolo Zeno,
ered at one time superior to Beethoven's but considerably altered, music by Handel,
Fidelio. fii-st performed at the King's Theatre,
FAKEWELL
London, Jan. 7, 1738. The MS., in Buck- offices in the province of Minho. Works :
ingham Palace, is (hited, at tlie bcfjinniiif,', Zarzuelas and vilhancicos, of which he wrote
Nov. 1.5, 1737, anil at the end, Dec. 24, words and music. Fetis, Supplement, i., —
1737. Within tliis time Handel wrote also 313 Mendel, Ergiinz., 100 Vasconcellos.
; ;
the Funeral Anthem for the obsequies of FAPiINA, CARLO, bom in Mantua, Italy,
Queen Caroline. The opera, the principal about 1.580, died (?). He was .solo violinist
parts in which were sung by the famous at the court of Savoy, and one of the earli-
artificial soprano Gaetano Majorano (1703- est to write solo music for his instrument.
1783), called C'afTarelli and by Madame He published at Dresden, in 1(J27, a collec-

Elizabeth Duparc, called La Franccsiua, was tion of galliards, courants, etc., the best
given but five times. Characters rejjre- part of which is appropriately called " Ca-
sented : Faramondo, Clotildo, Rosimonda, priccio Stravagante," wherein the violin is
Gustavo, Adolfo, Gernando, Tcobaldo, made to imitate animal sounds, the tife, and
Childerico. It was first published by the guitar. A copy of this book is iu the
Walsh, 1738 full score, HandelgeseUschaft Dresden Library. Hart, Violin and its
; —
Music, 172.
FARINELLI, GIFSEPPE, bom at Este,
Veuetia,May 7, 17G'J, died at Trieste, Dec.
12, 1836. Real name Finco. Dramatic
composer, pupil in his native city of Do-
menico Lionelli, then in Venice of Marti-
uelli, and in Naples at the Conservatorio
della Pieta de' Turchini (where he changed
his name to Farinelli), of Barbiella in sing-
ing, of Fago in thorough bass, and of Sala
and Tritto in composition. He pureued
under Pieciuni, Feua-
also special studies
roli, In 1808 he brought
and Guglielmi.
out in Venice the cantata U nuovo destino,
lived iu Turin from 1810 to 1817, then for
a time in Venice, and in 1811) was appointed
(Leipsic, 1881). Operas of the same title maestro di cappella of San Ciiusto cathedral
had been given previously by I'ollarolo, and of the Teatro Grande iu Trieste. His
Venice, 1G99 and Porpora, Naples, 171i). operas, mostly comic, are iu the style of
;
— Schoelchcr, Handel, 192 Rockstro, Han- Cimarosa, and obtained great success
;
be ;
del, 208 Chrysander, ii. 417.

; was repeatedly invited to Vienna and Lis-
FAREWELL OF HIAWATHA, THE, bon. As one of the last disciples of the
ballad for baritone solo, male chorus, and masters mentioned, he adhered strictly to
orchestra, by Arthur Foote, op. 11, first the old Neapolitan school, and was averse to
given in the Boston (Mass.) Music Hall by modern Italian music. Works Oiieras — :
the Apollo Club, :May 12, 188G. The text La locaudiera scaltra, Italy, about 17;Ht.
is from Longfellow's jioem. Paris, 180.5 L' amor sincero. about 1790
; ;
FAREWELL SYJIPHONY. Sec Ab- Bandiera d' ogni vento, 1791 ; 11 tinto sordo,
Kchirds sinfonie. 1791 maritata. Venice, 1791

; La Pamela ;
FARIA, LLIZ DA COSTA E, born at 1792 La(tiulietta, 1792

Oroseuzaoro, ib., ; ;
Guarda, Portugal, Oct. 14, l(i79, died (?). La tinta sposa, about 1793 Teresa e Clau- ;
He studied at the Theological Seminary, dio, Venice, 1793 L' amieo dell' uomo, ;
took orders in 1724, and held important about 1793 Uu cfletto naturale, 1793
;
FARIJsELLI
Odoanlo e Carlotta, do. ; H colpevole salvato FAR:\IER, THOILIS, English composer

ilclla culpa, 1793; Auiietta,ossia virtu trionfa, of the 17th century. He was originally
1794: ; L' iudoleute, about 1795 L' incoguita, ; one of the Waits of London, and received
1795 ; La terza lettera ed il terzo iiiartinel- the degree of Mus. Bac, Cambridge, in
lo, Yeiiice, 1795 ; II duello per couiplimento, 1684. He contributed songs to the " The-
1795 ; Idomeiieo, 179G ; Attila, 1797 ; L' atre of Music" (1685-1687) and to D'Urfey's
uomo about 1797
iudoleute, 11 Naples ;
" Third Collection of songs " (1685) pub- ;
Cid delle Spagne, do. La Giuevra degli ;

lished a " Consort of Musick in four parts,
Aluiieri, Turiu, 1798 Lauso e Lidia, about ;
containing 33 Lessons beginning with an
1798 II matrimouio jier concorso, about
; Overture " (1868) and a " Second Consort of
1799 Climeue, 1800 II trioufo d' Emilio,
; ; Musick, in four parts, containing eleven
about 1800 La caritea, 1801 II dotto-
; ; Lessons beginning with a Ground " (1G90).
rato di Pulciuella, 1802 La contadiua di ;
Purcell composed au Elegy, text by Nahum
spirito, 1803 H nuovo savio della Grecia,
; Tate, on his death, from which it is inferred
1804 Kaggiri a sorpresa, 1804 I riti d'
; ; that he died young. —
Grove Fetis Haw- ; ;
Efeso, 1804 L' inganuo uon dura, Naples,

; kins, Hist., V. 18 Mendel. ;
1806 Adriano in Siria, Milan, 1815 Scipi-

; ; FARNABY, GILES, born in Truro,
oue in Cartagiue, Turiu, 1815 Zoraide, ; Cornwall, England, second half of 16th cen-
Venice, 1816 LaCbiarina, Milan, 1816 II; ; tury, died (?). Composer, graduated at
testamento a sei cento mille francbi, Turiu, Oxford as Mus. Bac, July 9, 1592. He was
1816 Ladouua di Bessarabia, Venice, 1819
; ;
one of the comjjosers emjjloyed by Thomas
II nuovo destine, cantata, Venice, 1808. Nu- — Este to harmonize the tunes for the " Whole
volato, Storia di Este e del suo territorio Book of Psalms" Works: Canzonets
(1592).
(Este, 1851), 563 Fetis, iv. 230 Grove ; ; ;
to foure voyces with a song of eight parts
Mendel Scbilliug do., Supplement, 123
; ; ; (Loudon, 1598); Madrigal, "Come, Cha-
Wurzbacb. ron, Come," in MS. Music in Queeu Eliza-
;
EAEINELLI, two serio-comic opera in beth's Virginal Book, preserved in the Fitz-
acts, test by C. Z. Barnett, music by John william Museum, Cambridge. Grove; Fetis; —
Barnett, represented at Drury Lane Thea- Larousse Burney, Hist., iii. 112 Hawkins,
; ;
tre, London, Feb. 8, 1839. The part of Hist., iii. 367 Ritter, Music in England, 129.
;
Farinelli (Carlo Broschi) was sung by FARNACE (Pharnaces), Italian opera,

Balfe. music by Caldara, represented in Venice,
FARMER, JOHN, English composer of 1703. The hero is Pharnaces, son of Mitli-
the 16th century. Nothing is known of his ridates. King of Pontus, whose revolt led to
life. In 1591 he published a tract entitled bis father's death. The same subject has
"Divers and Sundrie waies of two Parts in been treated also by Pollarolo, Venice, 1718 ;
one, to the number of fortie upon one Bononcini, London, 1723 ; Vinci, Venice,
playn Song," etc., and he was one of the ten 1724 Vivaldi, Venice, 1726 Rinaldo da ; ;
composers employed by Este to harmonize Capua, Italy, about 1740 Arena, Rome, ;
"
the tunes for bis " Whole Book of P.salms 1742 Traetta, Najjles, 1750 Perez, Rome, ; ;
(1592). In 1599 he published his "First 1750 Guglielmi, Italy, about 1765 Sarti, ; ;
Set of English Madrigals to Foure Voyces," Venice, 1776 Sterkel, Naples, 1780 Ur- ; ;
and in 1601 contributed to the " Tri- bani, Dublin, 1784.

umphes of Oriana" the six-part madrigal, FARRANT, RICHARD, born in first half
"Faire nimphes I heard one telling." of 16th century, died at Windsor, Nov. 30,
— Grove Fetis Burney, Hist., iii. 134 1580. He was one of the Gentlemen of the
; ;
Hawkins, Hist., iii. 400 Mendel ; Bitter, Chapel Royal up to 1564 Master of the
; ;
Music in England, 40. Children of St. George's Chapel, AVindsor,

FAIiKEXC
aud probably organist, in 1564-09 and Naumburg, for which he composed three ;
again Gentleman of the Chapel lloyal, from operas, then visited Italy, and after his re-
15G9 until his death. Works High Ser- turn to Leipsic went to Darui8ta«U to study
:
vice, in (x minor an<l A minor, in Tudway's harmony and counterpoint under Graupner
Collection, British Museum The anthems, and GrOnewaM. Hiiving occupied different
;
"Call to remembrance," and, "Hide not positions at Gera (1715), Zeitz (1720), and
Thou thy Face, O Lord," preserved in the in the service of Count Morzin in B.jhen)ia
collections of Barnard and Boyce. The (1721), he was appointed Hofkapellmeister
anthem, "Lord, for Thy tender mercies' at Zerbst in 1722. Works: Berenice, op-
sake," assigned to him, is attributed by ear- era, given at Zerbst, 1725 2 sacred canta- ;
lier writers to John Hilton and the anthem, tas, for four voices and orchestra Orato-
; ,
" O Lord Almighty," is questionably assign- rios Masses Motets Passions. la the 1
; ; ;
ed to him by Tudway. Grove Fc- — ;
tis Burney, Hist., iii. 11; Hawkins,

;
Hist., iii. 249 Hitter, Music in Eng-;
land, 39 ; Naumann (Ouscley), i. 079.

FARKENC, JEANNE LOLISE, born Royal Library
' at Dresden are in ilS. : 45
(Dumont) in Paris, May 31, 1804, lied concertos for violin, flute, oboe, bassoon,
there, 15, 1875.
Sept. Pianist, pupU of etc., with accompaniment ; 01 overtures for
Moscheles, Hummel, and Reicha. In 1821 orchestra ; 12 trios, and 13 symphonies for
she manied Aristidc Farrenc (born at Mar- string- and wind-instruments. Allgem. d. —
seilles, April 9, 1794, died in Paris, Feb. 12, Biogr., vi. 570 Fotis Marpurg, Histo-
; ;
1809), tiutist and writer on music, with whom rischkritische Beitriige (Berlin, 1757), iii.
she made She 124 Mendel Schilling,

several professional journeys. ; ;
was professor of the pianoforte at the F.\SCH, KARL FRIEDRICH CHRIS-

Conservatoire, Paris, from 1842 to 1873. TI.YN, born in ^
Works : Etudes, sonatas, etc., for the piano- Zerbst, Nov. 18,
forte ; Sonatas for pianoforte, violin, and 1736, died in Ber-
violoncello ; Duos ; 2 quintets ; a sestet ; a lin, Aug. 3, 1800.
nonet ; and 3 overtures for Son and pupil of
2 symphonies ;
full orchestra. In 1809 she was awarded by Johann Friedrich

the Acadt'mie des Beaux-Arts the prize for Fasch in organ
chamber music. Her Trusor des Pianistes and theory, of
(20 parts, Paris, 18(;i-72) contains master- Hiickh for violin,
pieces of all the classical writers from the and in Strelitz of
10th century downwards. Her daughter, Hertel iu all branches. He became in 1756
Victorine Louise Farrenc (1820-1859), was accompanist to Frederick the Great, his
also a pianist and wrote music for her in- duty being, alternate!}' with C. P. Bach, K
strument. Fetis, iii. 180 —
do. Supplement, to play the harpsichord to the king's llute.
; ,
i. 314 Grove Larousse.

; ; In 1774-70 he directed the Court Opera. In ;
FASCH. JOHANN FRIEDRICH, bom at 1792 a small choral society for which he had
Buttelstiult, 15, 1688, written jneces obtained a hall iu the Acad-
Saxe-Weimar, -Vpril
died at Zerbst, Anhalt, 1758 (1759?). emy building, and became the Berlin Sing-
in
Dramatic composer, pupil of Kuhnau at the akademie, the prototype of many such iusti-
Thomasschule in Leipsic (1702-7), where ho tutions all over Germany. He was its first
became a good pianist, aiul studied comijo- artistic director, and was succeeded by his
sition from the works of Tclemann. In pupil Zelter. Shortly before his death he
1710 ho accejjted a call to the court of caused to be burned sill his comiwsitions
FASCIIINGSSCHWANK
written previous to the mass for 10 voices. Auber. On its production in Paris, the
Works Vasco da Gama, opera, given in
:
same year, a French text was sujiplied by
Vienna, 1792 Mass for IG voices Chorals
; ; ;
A. Delacour and Victor Wilder, in which a
Psalms Ilequiein Funeral cantata Can-
; ; ; woman plays the role of the young Russian
ons Cantatas Harpsichord pieces. Some
; ;
oflicor of Scribe's libretto. Fatinitza was
of his manuscript nmsic is in the Berlin given in London in 1878.
Royal Library'. His principal works were FATTORINI, GABRIELE, born at Fa-
published by the Singakademie in 1839. enza, Roman States, lived in the beginning
— Zelter, K.' F. C. Fasch (Berlin, 1801) ;
of the 17th century. A work by him, in the
Allj,'em. d. Biogr., vi. 57(5 Fetis Mendel. ; ; Lyceo, Bologna, entitled :
" I Sacri Con-
FASCHINGSSCHWANK AUS "WIEN certi a 2 voci col basso generale " (1608),
(Carnival Jest from Vienna), for jiianoforte, is supposed to be a reprint of his Sacri Con-
by Robert Schumann, op. 2G, composed 1839. certi a 2 voci commodi da cantare col or-
It consists of five movements, three of which gano (Venice, 1600). This is interesting
are among the brightest and most attrac- as being one of the first works of the kind
tive creations of the composer. The point ever produced, it marking the origin of the
of the jest lies in the first movement, in new forms of religious music. His masses
which the Marseillaise, at that time inter- are in the Royal Librar}', Munich. Fe- —
dicted in Vienna, is surreptitiously intro- tis Gerber Mendel. ; ;
duced. External influences are easily recog- FAUBEL, JOSEF, born at Ascliaften-
nizable in the other three movements, where burg, June 12, 1801, still living, 1889 (V).
certain moods are represented in the firmly Virtuoso on the clarinet, attached, when only
fixed forms of the Romance, the Scherzino, ten years old, to the orchestra of the Grand
—
and the Finale in rondo form. Maitland, Duke of Frankfort. In 1813, when that
GO Riemann, 72.
; State ceased to exist, he was enrolled in a
FASTRfi, JOSEPH, born at Flushing, regiment of the city of Frankfort, and took
June 22, 1783, died at The Hague, April 13, part in the campaign against France in
1812. Instrumental and vocal composer; 1811. After his return he devoted himself
entered the service of a French regiment to a thorough study of his instrument, and
in 1803, was stationed at Flushing and at in 1816 appeared with great success in
Dunkirk in 1801, went with the regiment Frankfort, and in 1818 in Munich, where he
to Germany in 1805, and took part in the was at once engaged as court musician for
battle of Austerlitz returned home in 1806, the royal orchestra. There Biirmann became
;
and, having afterwards lived at Alkmaar and his great model, and his perseverance in
Middelburg (1807), settled at The Hague, emulating him won him much well-deserved
where he became a member of the royal applause on concert tours in North Ger-
orchestra, and professor at the Conserva- many (182.5), Vienna (1831), Switzerland
toire in 1830. Works 12 songs for 2 (1833), Paris (1837), and Holland (1841).
:
voices ; 12 do. for 3 voices ; 6 do. for 2 so- He has composed solos, variations, duos,
pranos and contralto; Compositions for flute, etc., for his instrument. Fetis —
Mendel. ;
clarinet, and pianoforte. Futis, Supple- — FAUCON, LE, opera-comique in one

ment, i. 316 Mendel, Ergiinz., 101 Viotta.
; ; act, text by Sedaine, music by Monsigny,
FATAL OATH. See Oberon. represented at the Italiens, Paris, March
FATINITZA, operetta in three acts, text 19, 1772. The subject is from Boccaccio.
by Zell and Genee, music by Franz von FAUCONIER, BENOIST CONSTANT,
represented in Vienna, Jan. 5, born at Fontainc-rEveque, April 28, 1816,
Suiipi"', first
1876. The libretto is an adaptation of La died at Thuin, Feb. 16, 1877. Pianist, pu-
Circassienne, o^Jera-comique by Scribe and jnl at the Brussels Conservatoire, under
FAUGUES
Michelot and Fi'tis, and became accom- prize for opcra-comique. He matle his dc--
panist at the Conservatoire in 1839. After but, Oct. 20, 1852, at the Opera Comique
inakiuff a professional tour with liis wife as Pygmalion in Masses Galatee, sang in
and Fi'lix Godefroid, lie settled in Paris London in 18C0, in Berlin in 1861, and in
in 1840, but was in Kome in 18-10-1848. the same year made his first appearance at
"Works : Un
an d'avenir, opc'^ra-oomique, one the Opera, where he soon acquired great
act, given in Brussels about 1850 La i)a- reputation in leading roles, especially in
;
gode, op('ra-couiique, two acts, text bj' Don Giovanni, L'.Vfricaine, Tliomas's Ham-
Saint-Georges, Paris, and Gounod's Faust.
Sept. 2G, He alternated
185!) let,
Masses, op. 88, 89, 90, 91, 117 years between London and Paris, and
;
Quartets many
for violin, pianoforte, etc., with orchestral has sung also in Italy and Russia. He was
aceomiianimcnt Pianoforte music Violin for a time in 1857 professor of singing at
; ;
; —
music Hymn.s, songs, etc. Fetis do.. Sup- the Paris Conservatoire and in 1874 at that
;
plement, i. 317 Mendel do., Ergiinz., 101. of Bru.ssels.

; ; He is a man of wide general
FAUGUES (Fauques, Fagus, La Fage), culture and his compositions are highly
VINCENT, Flemish composer, born about creditable. Works 25 melodies for voice :
1415. He was a disciple of Guillaume Du- and pianoforte ;
fay and a writer of considerable merit. 20 melodies for 0"^

His masses were much used during the do.; Church
pontificate of Nicholas VI. (1447-55). music Piano- ;
Ambros gives part of his "Omme Arme," forte music. Fi'tis do., Snpph'ment, i. — ;
a mass preserved in 5IS. in the Pontifical 318 Larousse Grove, i. 571 Mendel, ; ; ;
Chapel. — Fc'tis ; Kicsewettcr, Gesch. ; Men- Ergiinz., xii. 101.

del Naumann (Ouseley), 317.
; FAUSSE ILVGIE, L.\, opera-comique in
i.
FAUKE, GAP.RIEL," French composer, two acts, in verse, text by Marmontel, mu-
contemporary. Pianist, pupil at the Ecole sic by Grc'try, represented at the Comedie
de Musique Religieusp, Paris, where he won Italiennc, Paris, Feb. 1, 1775. It contains
the first prize for pianoforte, and a prize
duet between two old men, for a famous
liarmony, 18G0, and one for composition in vous qu'elle prefere " which " Quoi ! c'est !
18G1. Works Symphony for orchestra was long popular. La fausse magie was re-
:
Cantique de Racine, chorus Sonata for produced in 1828 and again in 18G3. It
;
violin and pianoforte Duos for 2 female has been rcinstrumented by Eugene Pro-
;
voices Vocal melodies. Futis, Supple- vost.

; —
ment, i. 320 Mendel, Ergiinz., 102.
: FAUST, German opera in two acts, text
FAURI'; JE.VNBAPTISTE, born at JIou- by J. C. Beruhanl, nuisic by Spohr, first
lins (Allier), France, represented at Frankfort-on-the-Main, in
Jan. 15, 1830, living in 1818. The opera was written at Vienna, in
Piu'is, 1889. Baritone 1813, for the Theater an der Wien, but for
singer and composer, some reason was not jiroduoed. The li-
pupil at the Paris Con- bretto has little resemblance to Goethes

servatoire in 1843 in poem, the first part of which h.id been pub-
solfege, then at the lished in 1805, but follows more closely the
Maitrise of the popular legend. It was successful, and was
Ma-
deleine under Tre vaux, soon produced at Cassel, Berlin, and else-
and subsequently of where. It was given in London by a German
Ponchard and Jloreau- company, at the Prince's Theatre. May 21,
Sainti at the Conservatoire. In 1852 he 1840. in 1852, Spohr went to London to
won the 1st prize for singing and the 1st adapt the work for the Italian stage. He
FATTST
composed for it recitatives in place of the Faust M. Barbot.

spoken dialogue, and made other additions Mc'phistophi'K'S M. Balanquo.
and alterations. In this new form it was Marguerite Mme Miolan-Carvalho.
produced with great success, under his own Valentin M. Lsmai'l.
direction, at Covent Garden, July 15, 1852, Siebel Mile Faivre.

with Castellan, Roneoui, Formes, and Tam- Marthe Mme Duclos.
berlik in the principal jârts. The first mu- parts were sung at the Academic,
The same
sical-dramatic representation of the Faust
in 18G9, by Colin, Faure, Nilsson, Devoyod,
legend seems to have been the English pan- and Mauduit. This work at once placed
tomime. The Necromancer or. Harlequin
Gounod in the front rank of living compos-
;
Dr. Faustus, by John Ernest Galliard, pro-

ers. It had even a greater success ou the
duced in London, 1723. Other early ones Continent than in Paris, and it has been per-
are Doktor Fausts Zaubergiirtel (Magic
:
formed ou all the jjrincipal stages of the
Girdle), by Phanty, Vienna, 1790 Harle- ;
world. It was first given in London, at
quin and Faustus, Samuel Arnold, London,
Her Majesty's Theatre, June 11, 1803, and,
1793 Doktor Faust, by Ignaz Walter, Han-
;
over, 1797 ; Fausts Leben und Thaten (Life

and Acts), Josef Strauss, 1815 Fausts ;
Leben, Thaten, und Hiillenfahrt (Descent to

Hell), by Lickl, Vienna, 1815 Faust, by ;
Wenzel Miiller, Vienna, 1818 do., by J. ;
von Seyfried, Vienna, 1820 do., by Beau- ;
court, Paris, 1827 do., by Angelique Ber- ;
tin, ib.,1831 do., by Lindpaintner, Stutt-

;
gart, 1832 do., ballet, by Adolph Adam,

;
Paris, 1832 do., by de Pellaert, Brussels,

;
1834 do., by Rietz, Diisseldorf, 1836

;
Fausto, by Gordigiani, Florence, 1837 ;
Faust and Marguerite, by Wilhelm Meyer-

Lutz, London, 1855 Faust, musical drama ;
in four acts and prelude, by Heinrieh ZoU-

ner, given with success in Munich, Oct. 19,
1887. There have been many burlesques of in an Italian version, as Faust e IMargherita,
the legend, and it has also been a prolific at Covent Garden, July 2, 18G3. An Eng-
theme for a great deal of incidental music, lish version, text by Chorlev', was plaj-ed at
in the form of overtures, symphonies, etc. Her Majesty's Theatre, Jan. 23, 18(34. It
— K. Engel, Bibliotheca Faustiana (Olden- was first performed in Germany at Darm-
burg, 1874) Edwards, Lyrical Drama, i. stadt, 18G1, as Faust, and in Berlin, 1SG3, as
;
149. Margarethe. Its first rejiresentation in New

FAUST, grand opera in five acts, test by York took place at the Academy of Music,
Michel Carre and Jules Barbier, music by Nov. 25, 18G3. The first act, which is in the
Charles Gounod, first represented at the natiu-e of a prelude, introduces Faust in his
Theatre LjTique, Paris, March 19, 1859 study with Mc'phistopheles. In act second is
;
and at the Academic Imperiale de Musique, the Kermesse, in which Marguerite is intro-
March 3, 18G9. The libretto, an adapta- duced. In the third is the garden scene,
tion of Goethe's poem, follows the first part which leads to Marguerite's fall. In the
pretty closely. The original cast in Paris fourth, or cathedral act, occurs the death
was as follows : of Valentin and his malediction upon his
FAUST
sister. The fiftli, or prison
includes Society, in 185(3-7, and in Boston, by tbo
act,
INIarfjuerite's death in prison and her apo- Philharmonic Society, Jan. 3, 1857. Grove, —
theosis. The most popular of the numbers iv. 351.
are the weird drinking song of Mei)histo- FAUST, SCENEN AUS GOETHES
plu'li's, " Veuu d'or " the
ijhrase of the old (Scenes from
; Goethe's Faust), for soli,
man Kermesse, "Aux jours de di-
at the chorus, and orchestra, by Robert Schu-
mauche;"tho cavatina by Faust, "Salut, de- mann, composed in 1844, 1847, 1849, 1850,
meure chaste et pure " the ballad sung by ;
1853, published in 1858 (Breitkopf fc Hiir-
Marguerite at the spinning-wheel, " II I'tait tel). In musical importance, as in extent,
un roi dc Thuli' ;" the lovo scene, "Lais- this is to be regarded as the greatest work
sez-moi contempler ton visage " the pas- ;
of the composer's later years. It is divided
sionate duet between Faust and ^larguerite, as follows : Scene im Garten
Part I. No. 1.
" O nuit d'amour, cicl radieux " and the sol- ; (Garden Scene), 1849 No. 2. Gretchen vor
;
diers' chorus, "Gloire immortelle de nos dem Bild der Mater dolorosa (Margaret
aieux." The n'jle of I\Iarguerite, created by before the picture of the Mater dolorosa),
Mine Carvalho, has been since worthily 1849 No. 3. Scene in Dom (Cathedral
;
tilled by Patti, Lucca, Nilsson, and Valleria. Scene), 1849. Part U. No. 4. Aiiel, Son-
— Edwards, Lyrical Drama, i. 40, 1C5. nenaufgang (Sunrise), 1849 No. 5. Mitter- ;
FAUST, musical portrait, for full orches- nacht (Midnight), 1850; No. 6. Faust's
tra, by Anton liubinstein, op. C8. Pub- Tod (Faust's Death), 1853. Part HL No.
lished by Sicgcl. 7. Faust's Verkhirung (Faust's Transfigura-
FAUST, CAUL, born at Neisso, Silesia, tion), subdivided into seven scenes (April,
Feb. 18, 182.5, still living, 1889. Dance 1847). The third part contains the most
music composer, pupil of Herrling at Anna- valuable numbers, and in it all Schumann's
berg, was bandmaster in two regiments noblest qualities as a composer are seen to
from 1853 to 1805, when he left the mili- the best advantage. His purity of emotion,
tary service to conduct a concert-orchestra his keenness of spiritual insight, here find
at Breslau in 18(50 he was appointed city
; their proper sphere. The airy, incoi"poreal
nui.sic director at Waldeuburg. His com- world of spirits in which this portion takes
positions, consisting exclusively of dances place is most faithfully reproduced in the
and marches, number more than 200, and music. This third part includes the whole
are popular in North Germany, but will last scene of the second part of Goethe's
not bear comparison with those of the Vien- poem Schumann wrote two versions of tbo
;
nese composers. —
Ft'tis, SuppU'ment, i. 321 concluding Chorus Mysticus, one to be used
Mendel. when the whole work was given, the other
FAUST-0FVT3RTUIIE, FINE (A Faust when the third part was j)erformed sepa-
Overture), for orchestra, by Richard Wag- rately. Begun at the height of his maturity
ner, written in Paris, 1830-40 (1844), various iwrtions were finished at dif-
tirst per- ;
formed in This ferent times, and the overture was written

Dresden, July 22, 1844.
work, the first in Wagner"s true style, was in 1853. The first part was performed in
conceived after a rehearsal of Beethovens Leipsic, Dresden, and Weimar, Aug. 29,
Ninth Symphony at the Conservatoire. It 1849, on the 100th annivei-sary of Goethe's
was intended as the first movement of a birth. The first performance of the com-
Faust symphony, but was finally laid aside plete composition took place in Loipsic, at
until 18.').'), when itwas revised, given at a the Gewandhaus, under the direction of
concert in Ziirich, ami published. It is a Carl Reinecke, Dec. 4, 18()2.— JIaitland. 92,
masterpiece of instrumentation. It was Reissmann, 198 ; Ambros, Bunte Bliilter,
given in New York, by the Philharmonic ii. 109 ; S:uuml. mus. Vort., i. 121.
FAUST
FAUST-SYMPHONIE, EINE (A Faust Convent of St. James of Compostella, is
Symphony), in about to take monastic vows when he sees
tlirec character-picture.s, af-
ter Uoetlio, anil a chorus, for orchestra and and loves at siglit a lady worshipping in the
men's voices, by Franz Liszt, deilicated to cloisters. He confesses his love to Baltha-
Hector Berlioz. Part I. Faust; 11. Mar- sar, his superior, renounces monastic life,
garete III. Mephistoijlieles.
;
Published in and goes out into the world. The lady who
score and jjarts also for pianoforte, two lias in.spired his passion is Leonore de Gus-
;
hands (Schuberth). —
Tretbar, Analytical man, the favourite of Alphonse XL, King
Review of A Faust Symphony. of Castile, who has resolved, though threat-
FAUST, Z^YEI EPISODEN AUS LE- ened with excommunication, to repudiate
NAL-'S (Two Episodes from Lenau's Faust,
i.e., Nikolaus Lenau's drama of that title),
for orchestra, by Franz Liszt. I. Der

niichtliche Zug II. Der Tanz in der Dorf-
;
scbenke (Mephisto-Walzer). Published in

score and parts also for pianoforte, two
;
and four hands (Schuberth).

FAUVEL, ANDRE JOSEPH, surnamed
the elder, born in Bordeaux in 1756. Vio-
linist, studied under several masters, jjar-
ticularly Gervais. He had Rode for a pujjil

in 1782,and went with him, in 1787, to Paris,
where was a member of the orcbestra
lie
of the Opera in 1814-34. Published violin

music and a Symphonic Coucertante which
was played at the Lycee des Arts in 1800.
— Fetis.
FAVARGER, RENE, born in France
about 1815, died at Etretat, near Havre,
Aug. 3, 18G8. Pianist, lived for many years
in London, where he was in great demand
as a teacher. He composed many morceaux
de genre, some of which became popular
—
even outside of France. Fetis, Supplement,
i. 321.
FAVORITE, LA, grand opera in four Rosme Stoli, as Uonore.
acts, text by Alphonse Royer and Gustave
Waez (Van Niewenhuysen), music by Doni- his queen and marry Fernand, who
her.
zetti, represented at the Academic Royale does not know her relations with the king,
de Musique, Paris, Dec. 2, 1840. The work seeks her retreat, declares his love, and begs
was written originally in three acts, under her to fly with him. She reciprocates his
the title of L'ange de Nisida, Theatre de la passion but refuses to follow him, and urges
Renaissance, and on the closing of that the- him go to the wars and win honours for
to
atre was transferred to the Academic, where her He performs signal services
sake.
a fourth act was added with the collabora- against the Moors, and returns to demand
tion of Scribe. Tlie subject is an adaptation as a recompense the hand of Leonore. The
of Baculard-Darnaud's tragedy, Le comte king, who has discovered that his mistress
de Comminges. Fernand, a novice in the loves Fernand, gives her to him, and hast-
FAWCETT
ens the marriago, meanwhile intercepting organist of Curzon Chapel in 184.5^0. Mus.
a message sent to Feruaucl by Li'onore to Bac, Oxford, 1852. Works Supplication :
inform him of her relations with the king, and Thanksgiving, cantata (degi-ee exercise)
and begging his forgiveness. Fernaud dis- Anthems Glees Songs, etc. Grove.
; ; —
covers his disliouour when too hite, breaks FAY, ]':tIENNE, bom at Toure (Indre-
his sword, and returns for consolation to et-Loire) in 1770, died at Versailles, Dec.
his convent. Leonore follows him thither, 0, 1845. Dramatic singer and comiwser,
and dies at his feet as he comes from the made his musical studies while a chorister
church where he has pronounced eternal in the Metropolitan Church of his native
vows. The music of La Favorite is dramatic, city. He made debut as a tenor at the
his
passionate, and full of meloily. Among the Theatre de la rue de Louvois, Paris, in
best numbers are the cavatiua, " Un ange, 1790, entered upon an engagement at the
uuo femme inconnue " the duo, " Idole si
;
Theatre Favart hi 1792, and at the Feydeau
douce et si chcre " the aria, " O mou Fer-
;
about 1795 upon the fusion of these two
;
nand " (Ital., O mio Fernando) the chorus, ; euterjn-ises into the Opt'ra
Comique, in 1801,
" Freres, creusons I'asile " and the romanza,
;
he went to Brussels, came back to Paris in
"Ange si pur" (Spirto gentil), the last trans- 1804, to bring out an opera, and again, in
ferred from Donizetti's opera, Le JJtw 1819, to sing at the Opi'ra Comique, having
dAlbe. In the original cast Îme Stolz meanwhile travelled and sung for a Ion"
sustained the part of Li'onore Duprez, Fer- time in the provinces.
; In 1820 he went to
nand Baroilhet, Alphonse and Levasseur, Holland, and the year after was engaged
; ;
lialthasar. Up to 187U it had had 481 rep- at the Tht'atre du Gymnase in Paris, but
resentations in Paris. The opera was i)ro- soon returned to Belgium, and lived there
duced in Italian, as La Favorita, in London, until 185C, when he finally settled in Paris.
at Her IMajesty's Theatre, Feb. 10, 1847. Works Operas Flora, given at the The- — :
— Larousse, viii. 107 ; Liszt, Ges. Schi-., iii. atre Louvois, 1791 ; Le projet extravagant,
110. Le bon pi're, ib., 1793 ; L'interieur d'un me-
FAWCETT, JOHN, born at Bolton-le- nage n'publicaiu, vaudeville, Tht'iitre Favart,
Moors, Lancashire, iu 1789, died there, Oct. 1794 Les rendez-vous espaguols, ib., 1795
; ;
20, 1807. Originally a shoemaker, he be- Emma, ou le soupyon, Clementine, ou la

came a musician iu and belle-mere, Theatre Feydeau, 1795
his native town, La ;
composed three sets and hymn fainille savoyarde, ib., 1800

of psalm La bonne ;
tunes, popular iu Lancashire, entitled, The aventure. Theatre des Jeunes £li-ves, 1802 ;
Voice of Harmony, The Harp of Zion, and Julie, Opera Comique, 1804. Fetis do.. — ;
lliriani's Timbrel. He also arranged the Supplement, i. 321.

accompaniment of a collection of psalm and FAIRFAX (Fairfax), ROBERT, bom at
hymn by Joseph Hart, called
tunes, selected Bayford, Herts, in the latter part of the
" Melodia divina "(1840), and wrote an ora- 15th century, died at St. Alban's. He is
torio. Paradise, which was published in supposed to have been organist, or chanter,
1853.— Grove Ft'tis Mendel.
; ; at St. Alban's Abbey, early in the 10th cen-
FAWCETT, JOHN, born iu Bolton-le- tury. In 1504 he was given the degree of
Moors in 1824, died in Manchester, July 1, JIus. Doc. at Cambridge, and iu 1511 at
1857. Organist, sou and inipil of the pre- Oxford. In the British Museum is a vol-
ceding. He became organist of St. John's, ume of part-songs for two, three, and four
Farnworth, in 1835, and of the parish voices, in MS.,once belonging to Dr. Fayr-
church, Bolton, iu 1842. In 1845 he en- fax,which contains some of his own among
tered the Academy of JIusic, London, other compositions, and which is probably
studied under Sterudale Bennett, and was the oldest collection of English secular part-
FAZZINI
songs in existence. Four Sarti, but was incited, partic-
threc-piirt songs Paisiello, and
by him are jji-eserved in Smith's " Musica ularly by Haydn's symphonies, to the serious
Antiqua," and others in Burney and Haw- study of composition, and went to Italy in
kins. Several of his sacred compositions 1785 to become a pupil of Francesco Bian-
are in MS. in the Music School, Oxford. chi. After another sojourn in London, 1792
— Grove Naumauu (Ouseley), i. GG8 Am- -1802, he returned to Italj', and in 1809 was
; ;
bros, iii. 44-1 ; Fetis. ajjpointed professor of counterpoint at the

FAZZINI, GIOVANNI BATTISTA,
born newly erected Conservatorio, and in 1826
in Eoine. Singer in the Pontifical Chapel in succeeded ]\Iinoja as its censore (director).
17G0. A distinguished composer in the old In 1812 he visited Paris to bring out an
Roman style, he was successively maestro opera. Works Operas Olimpiade, Turin, — :
di cappella of Sta. Cecilia, of Sta. Margarita, 1790 Demofoonte, Zenobia, London, about
;
and of Sta. Apollonia in Trastevere. His 1792 Nitteti, ib., about 1793 Didone ab-
; ;
—
masses were in the Santini collection. F6- bandonata, ib., about 1794 Castore e Pol- ;
tis ; Mendel. luce, II giudizio di Numa, Milan, 1803 ;

FEBURE. See Lrfehure. Oreste in Tauride, ib., 1804 La Sofonisba, ;
FEDE RICONOSCIUTA, LA, Italian Turin, 1805 Idomeneo, Zaira, Milan, 1806 ; ;
ojiera, text and music by Benedetto Mar- La conquista dell' Indie, Turin, 1808 Ifi- ;
cello, rejjresented at Vicenza, 1702 and genia in Aulide, Milan, 1809 Virginia, ;
1729. Rome, 1809 La locandiera scaltra, Paris,;
FEDELE. See Treu. 1812. Teseo, cantata Other cantatas ;
FEDELI, RUGGIERO, born in Italy about Sonatas for pianoforte, and other instru-
1670, died in Cassel in 1722. He was Ka- mental pieces. Frtis Mendel Schilling — ; ; ;
pellmeister of the Landgrave of Hesse-Cas- Wurzbach.

sel in 1700, and was afterwards in the service FEEN, DIE (The Fairies), romantic
of the King of Prussia. He wi'ote operas, opera in three acts, text and music by
even the titles of which are forgotten. His Richard Wagner, written in 1833, first rep-
funeral mass for the death of the queen resented at Munich, June 29,1888. The
was considered his best work (Berlin, 1755). overture alone was played at Magdebiu-g in
— Fetis Mendel.
; 1834. The original score, dedicated to his
FEDERICI, FRANCESCO,
born in patron, King Ludwig H. of Bavaria, was
Rome, lived there in the second half of found among that monarch's effects after his
the 17th century. Priest and composer. death. The libretto is a German version of
Works Santa Chi'istina, oratorio (1G7G) an Italian tale by Gozzi, which deals with
:
;
Santa Catarina di Siena, oratorio (1676). the difficulties attending the love of Arindal,
Burney gives airs from one of these. He a mythical jirince, and Ada, a fairy. Mus. —
—
published also songs. Fetis Burney, Hist., Wochenblatt (1887), 325, 337
; Athenaum ;
iv. 117 Mendel.

; (1888), ii. 41.
FEDERICI, VINCENZO, born at Pesaro FELDLAGER IN SCHLESIEN, DAS
in 1764, died iu Milan, Sept. 26, 182G. (The Camp of Silesia), German opera in
Dramatic composer, pupil of Angelo Gadani three acts, text by Rellstab, music by
at Bologna at the age of sixteen he went Meyerbeer, represented in Berlin at the
;
to England, and thence to America re- opening of the new opera-house, Dec.
; 7,
turned to London, where he taught music, 1844 (the old one was burned, Aug. 18,
and derived inspiration from the works of 1843). In this opera, the subject of which
Handel and the old Italian composers. En- is an episode iu the life of Frederick the
gaged as pianist at the Italian opera, he be- Great, Jenny Lind made a wonderful success
came familiar with the works of Cimarosa, in the character of Vielka, which was writ-
FELICI
ten especially for her. Moscheles, writing Prague with his patron Pliilippe Domi-
(Jan. 10, 184.')) of her performance, says nique de Croy, and published masses there
"Jenny Line! Las fairly enclianteil me she (1588).
; He published also motets, mad-
isunique in her way, and her song with two rigals, etc. Fctis Mendel Walther, 2-12— ; ;
;
concertante flutes is perhaps the most in- Viotta, i. 50.5.

credible feat in the way of bravura singing FELIX, ou I'enfant trouve (The Found-
that can possibly be heard." She achieved ling), comedy in three acts, text by Sedaine,
music by Monsigny, represented at the
Italiens, Paris, Nov. 24, 1777, after a private
performance (Nov. 10th) before the court
atFontainebleau. Although Monsigny was
but forty-eight years old, this was his last
work. He said, on the day when he finished
this score, that music was dead for him.
The subject of the opera, Felix, a found-
ling brought up by an honest villager, loves
Therese, the daughter of his foster-father,
but flies from his house on account of the
hatred of his sou. He saves the life of an
unknown seigneur, who turns out to be his
father and the owner of a considerable sum
ofmoney in the hands of the villager. The
money is restored, Felix marries Therese,
and all ends happily.
FELL, ANTONIO, died at Palermo in
1867. Dramatic composer, pupil of Rai-
mondi ; composed several operas, among
a more extraordinary success
still which are especially commended Eufemia,
in Vienna, :
where she appeared in the same rule, Feb. and La sposa d' Abido also several masses ;
17, 1847, as much as eighty florins being and many other works of various kinds.
paid for seats. The opera lias never been —
Fi'tis, Supplement, i. 3"22.
given out of Gennany, but the composer FELL RAGE -AND BL.ACK DESPAIR,
transferred many of its best numbers to soprano air in A major, of Michal, in Han-
U&oile du Nord. del's Saul, Part L
FELICI, B.mTOLOIMEO (Alessandro ?), FELTON, WILLIAM, born in 1713, died
born in Florence about 1730, died (?). Dec. 6, 1709. Organist, vicar-choi-al of
Dramatic composer. His operas, L' amante Hereford Cathedral in the middle of the
contrastato, 1768 L' amore soldato, 17G9
; ;
18th century. He was an able perfonuer
and La cameriera astuta, 17(i9, were per- alsoon the harpsichord. Works 3 sets of :
formed in many of the Italian theatres. He concertos for organ in imitation of those
wrote quartets for the violin, and psalms of Handel ; also 2 or 3 sets of lessons for
with orchestral accompaniment. His school organ. Felton's Gavot was long populai-,
of composition, opened in Florence in 1770, and his Funeral Chant is still much sung.
—
was celebrated. Fetia do., Supplement, i.
;
—Grove Fi'tis Burney, History, iv. GG4.
; ;
322 Mendel.
;
FELTRE, ALPHONSE CL.\RKE. Comte
FELIS, STEFFANO, born at Bari, Italy, DE, born in Paris, June 27, 180G, died there.
about 1550, composer, canon, and maestro Dec. 3, 1850. Dramatic composer, pupil of
of the cathedral in 1583. He went to Reicha iu 1825 and advised by Boieldieu.
FEMME
He was the third son of the ^Man'clial due trios 3 do. of airs varies (published in ;
de Feltre, and served as an officer in the Paris and Germany). His brother Giu-
army until 18'2'J, when he devoted himself seppe was considered the best violoncellist
entirely- to composition. —
Works Operas in Naples, made concert tours in Italy, and :
Une aventure do Saint-Foix (1830) ; La composed concertos and airs varies for his
garde de nuit, given at the Priucesse de instrument. Fetis Mendel Schilling. — ; ;
Vaudemonfs, 1831 (rewritten in part, 1844, FEO, FRANCESCO, born in Naples

and called Le capitaine Albert) Le fils du about the end of the 17th century. Dra-
;
prince, Opera Comique, 1834 L' inceudio matic composer, pupil of Domenico Gizzi
;
di IJabilouia (1841) Valerie (unfinished) In- in singing and composition, and in Rome
; ;
—
strumental and vocal music. Fetis Mendel. of Pitoni in counterpoint. He succeeded
;
FEMME SENSIBLE, ENTENDS-TU Gizzi in 1740 as director of the singing

LE RA]\Li.GE ? See Ariodant. school of Naples, and had many famous pu-
F£]\IY, FRANgOIS, known as Ferny pils. Gluck is said to have taken the motif
I'aine, born in Ghent, Oct. 4, 1790. Vio- of a chorus in his Telemacco from a Kyrie
linist and dramatic composer, pupil of by Feo, which he afterwards rej^roduced in
Kreutzer at the Paris Conservatoire, where his Iphigenie en Aulide. Some of Feo's
he took the prize for harmony in 180G and church music in MS. is pireserved in the li-
for violin in 1807. For several years he brary of the Conservatoire, Paris. Works
was a member of the orchestra of the The- Operas L' amor tirannico, ossia Zenobia, — :
atre des Varietes, then travelled in France three acts, given in Naples, Jan. 18, 1713 ;
and Germany, and in 1834 settled at Rot- Siface, re di Numidia, three acts, ib., 1723 ;
terdam. Works Les trois Hussards, comic Ijêrmestra, Rome, 1725

: Arianna, ib., ;
opera, given at Antwerp, 1813 Der Rau- 1728 Andromacca, ib., 1730 Ai-sace, ib.,
; ; ;
graf, German opera, Frankfort, 1827 4 1731. Three intermezzi Don Chisciotte ; :
symphonies 3 concertos for violin and or- della Maucia Coriando lo spieziale II ve-
; ; ;
chestra ;
Quartets, duos, romances, varia- dovo. An oratorio : La distruzione dell'
tions, etc., for violin. —Fetis ; morte de Sisera,

do., Suf)ple- esercito de' Canauei con la
ment, i. 323 Mendel Schilling.
; given in Prague, 1739. A requiem Masses
; ;
;
FENAROLI, FEDELE, born at Lanci- Psalms Litanies, etc. Fetis, iii. 20G ; — ;
ano, Abruzzi, in 1752, died in Naples, Jan. do., Supijlement, i. 323 Mendel, iii. 489 ;
1, 1818. Contrapuntist, pupil of Durante do., Ergiinz., 102 Schilling Gerber. ; ;
at the Conservatorio of Loreto, Naples. He FERAMORS, lyric opera in three acts,

became maestro of the Conservatorio de' text by Julius Rodenberg, music by Anton
Turchini, and bad many celebrated pupils. Rubinstein, given in Dresden, 18G3. Sub-
Works 12 motets 4 masses with orches- ject from Thomas Moore's "Lalla Rookh."
: ;
tra ; a Requiem mass 2 Miserere for four Feramors is the young poet who entertains
;
voices Ave Maria for four voices

; Hymns Lalla Rookh with poetical recitations while
;
and psalms for sjjecial occasions. He pub- on her journey from Delhi, to be married to
lished studies in counterpoint and techni- the sultan. She falls in love with the poet
cal works. —
Fetis Larousse Mendel. ; and finds, to her joy, on her wedding-morn,
;
FENZI, \1CT0R, born at Naples, died that the poet and the sultan are one. The
at Moscow, April, 1827. Violoncellist, and ojiera was given in Vienna, April 24, 1872.
composer for his instrument went in 1807 Hanslick, Moderne Oper, 325.
; —
to Paris, where he played at several con- in Ven- FERANDINI, GIOVANNI, born
certs, and after visiting Germany
beginning of the 18tli century, died in
settled in ice,
Russia. Works 4 concei'tos for violon- Munich in 1793. Dramatic comjioser, pu-
:
cello Several pot-pourris

; 2 books of pil of Antonio BiflB, maestro di capiêlla of
;
FERNAND
San Marco. Ho went to ^lunicb as court published by Hofmeister of Leipsic. The
oboist, and became director of cliamber mu- full score was published in Paris in 1882.
sic, and subsequently councillor and Ka- Cortez was produced in Stockholm in 182G
pellmei.ster. ^Vorks —
Operas: Berenice, and again in 1838 in Vienna, 1854
; and ;
given at the Court Theatre in Munich, 1780 ; in New York, in German, at the Metrojjol-
Adriano in Siria, Dcmofoonte, ib., 1737 ;
itan Opera House, Jan. C, 1888. Tlie plot,
Artaserse, ib., 17150 Catone in L'tica, ib.,
; in its present form, is as follows Alvarez,
:
1753; Diana placata, ib., 1758; Talestri, and other Spaniards,

brotljer of Cortez,
ib.; H festino, Parma, 175(5 Componi- prisoners to the Mexicans and about to be
;
nicutodraniniaticoper Tincorouazione di Ca- sacrificed, are preserved by Montezuma as

rolo VII, etc., Munich, 174:2. Many canta- hostages for the departure of the invaders.
tas, thirty of which are in the Royal Library Amazily, sister of Tela.sco, the Mexican
at Dresden Sonatas for the flute (Amster- commander, has become a Christian and
;
dam, 1730) Compositions for alto-viol and

;
'
lute. —Ft'tis Mendel Schilling.

; ;
FERNAND CORTEZ, ou la conqucte du

Muxiqno (The Conquest of Jlexico), opera
in three acts, text by Etienue Jouj-, after
Piron's drama, music by Spontini, repre-
sented at the AcadOmie Impcriale de Mu-
sique, Paris, Nov. 28, 1809, before the Em-
peror Napoleon and the Kings of Saxony
and Westphalia. The original text was
written by Jouy. NaiJoleon hoping to in-
Huence public opinion in favour of his
plans for the Spanish war, the ^Minister of
the Interior desired Jouy to introduce into
the libretto more distinct allusions to the
topics of the day. Jouy declining to alter I
the text, a few additions and alterations

were made by Esmt'nai-d, the part of ]Monte- Alexandrina Bnnchu.
zuma being suppressed altogether. Though
the opera was a success, it had but twenty- fled to Cortez, whom she loves, but revisits
four representations in seven years. On the city to endeavour to bring about peace.
May it was revived, with consider- Montezuma sends her back to the Spanish
28, 1817,
able changes by Jouy, the third act be- camp to arrange an armistice, and Ti'lasco.
coming the first, the first act the second, who has been umlermining the fidelity of
and a part of the second the third. The Cortez's soldiei-s by presents, follows her
part of Montezuma was reinstated and the under a flag of truce to second her efTorts.
character of Amazily strengthened. In its Cortez quells an insui-rection which breaks
second form Cortez achieved a new success. out, and holds Ti'lasco as a hostage for the
It kept the Paris stage up to 1839, when safety of Alvarez and his companions but, ;
2-48 representations had been given. It the release of the Spaniai'ds being promised
was produced in Berlin, Ajiril 20, 1818, and by the Mexicans, he suffers Tolasco to re-
elsewhere .soon after. In 1823, when Spon- keeping of faith
turn. Ti'lasco opposes the
tini was Kapellmeister at Berlin, the third with Cortez, and the prisoners are about to
act was remodelled by the poet Tlu'auleon, meet their doom, when Amazily swims the
and in this form the pianoforte score was lake and ofTei-s her life for them. But the
FERNAXDO
sacrifice is unnecessary, for Cortez storms (London, 1009); Lessons for 1, 2, and 3
the city, saves all, and peace is made. viols (London, 1009) Fancies for viols, ;
song by him, " Shall I seek to ease

etc. A
Okigin^vl Cast at the Opkra, Paris, 1809.
my grief ?," from the " Ayres," is published
Amazily (S.) Mme Branchu. by Dr. Rimbault (Novello). Fetis Grove. — ;
Fernand Cortez (T.) M. Laiiic-. "FERRABOSCO (Ferraboschi), DOMENI-

Telasco (Bar.) M. Lais.
CO MARIA, born in Rome, first half of the
Alvar (T.) M Laforot.
maestro of the chor-
10th century. He was
Le Grand PrC-tre (B.) -M. Dc-rivis.
isters iu the Vatican Chapel from 1547 to
1548, when he became maestro di cajipella
Cast at the Metropolit.vn Opeua House,
of S. Petronio, Bologna. Called to Rome to
New Yoke, 1888.
become a member of the Pontifical Choir, in
Amazily (S.) Frl. Mei.sslinger.
1550, he was obliged to resign in 1556, in
Fernand Cortez (T.) Herr Niemann.
accordance with the Pope's decree that none
Montezuma (Bar.) Herr Elmblad.
but priests could belong to the college, he
Ti'lasco (Bar.) Herr Robinson.
having meanwhile married. His motets are
Alvarez (T.) Herr Alvary.
published in Gardane's collection (Venice,
High Priest (B.) Herr Fischer.
1554). His celebrated chanson, lo mi son
— Le Menestrel (1874), Sept. 6, 13, 20, 27, giovinetta, is in Viiiceuzo Galilei's Fronimo,
Oct. 4 ; R
Rochette, Notice historique and in Eler's collection in the Conservatoire,
. . .
de Spontini (Paris, 1852) Grove, iii. 6G8 Paris.

; His MSS. are preserved iu the Vati-
;
Krehbiel, Review (1887-88) ; N. Y. Evening can Library. —Fctis ; Mendel ; Schilling.

Post, Jan. 7, 1888. FERR.\BOSCO, JOHN, English com-
FERNANDO, German operetta in one Iôser of the 17th century, died in 1682.
act, text by Albert Stadler, music by Franz Probably a son of Alfonso Ferrabosco the
Schubert, written in Vienna, 1815, but nev- younger. He was organist of Ely Cathedral
er represented. It was com230sed in six from 1662 until his decease, and was
days. The original score is in the jjosses- awarded the degree of Mus. Bac. at Cam-
sion of Dr. Eduard Schneider, Vienna. bridge in 1671, per literas regias. A hymn
FERRABOSCO (Ferabosco), ALFONSO, of his is still sung at Canterbury and in
Italian musician, settled in England in the other English cathedrals. Eight comi^lete
middle of the IGth century. He composed services and eleven anthems by him are j^re-
motets, madrigals, and pieces for the virgin- served in MS. in Ely Cathedral. Grove — ;
als, and ranked as one of the first musicians Futis Mendel. ;
of the Elizabethan era. His Madrigali a 4 FERRADINI (Ferrandini), ANTONIO,

voci were published in Venice iu 1542, and born
Prague iu in Naples in 1718, died in
his Madrigali a 5 voci in 1587. Many
Church composer, studied in Naples,
of 1779.
his madrigals were printed in the two lived in Prague about thirty years, and died
books of Musica Trausalpina (1588, 1597) in great poverty and unknown. A Stabat Ma-
;
and several are extant in MS. Fetis —

ter, performed there after bis death, 1780,
;
Grove Mendel Schilhng.

; ; was considered a masterpiece. In the court
FERRABOSCO, ALFONSO, born at library at Vienna is a Credo in four parts,
Greenwich, England, about 1580, died in and in the royal library at Dresden are five
1652. Son of the preceding one of the arias and four duets, of his composition.
;
grooms of the privy chamber of James I. Fetis Gerber Mendel Schilling.— ; ; ;
and instructor in music of Prince Henry. FERR.4NTI, MARCO AURELIO ZA-

Works Volume of " Ayres," which cont.aius NI DE, born in Bologna in 1802. Virtuoso
:
many of the songs in Ben Jonson's plays on the guitar pupil on the violin of Gerli ;
FERRARI
in Lucca, and became an accomplished the violoncello, acquired great reputation
player when only sixteen, but soon aban- where he appeared with
in 1758, in Paris,
doned that instrument for the guitar, on brilliant success in the Concerts Spirituels ;
which he became cfjually skilful. In 1820 in 1705 he entered tlie service of the court
ho went to St. Petersburg as seci-etary to of Parma. He composed solos for his in-
Prince Narischkin, and perfected there his strument. Mendel. —
guitar playing, and in 1824 went to Ham- FERRARI, CARLOTTA, bom at Lodi,
burg. He gave concerts there, and in Brus- Italy, Jan. 27, 1837, still living, 1889. Dra-
sels, Paris, and London from 1825 to 1832, matic composer, pupil of Strepponi and
visited America with Sivori, and finally set- Panzini and at the Conservatorio, Milan, ;
tling in Brussels as professor of Italian at in 1844-50, of Mazzucato in composition.

the Conservatoire from ISiG to 1855 he She is a poet as well as musician, and writes
;
returned afterwards to Italy. He has pub- her own librettos. Works Ugo, opera, :
lished fantaisies, airs varirs, etc., for the gui- represented in Milan, July 24, 1857 ; Sofia,
tar.— IVtis, iii. 240 ; Mendel, iii. 495. opera in three act.s, Lodi, Milan, Turin,
FERRAJII, BENEDETTO, bom
Reg- 1800 Eleonora d' Ai-borea, opera, Cagliari,
at ;
gio, Italy, 1597, died at Modena, Oct. 22,

March, 1871 Grand mass for Cathedral of ;
1081. Dramatic composer, called Delia Lodi, 1808 Requiem for anniversan- of ;
Tiorba, from his skill on the theorbo or death of Charles .\lbcrt, Turin Cathedral,
lute ;studied in Rome. He was a poet as 1868 Songs, etc. Fetis, Sui^pli-ment, i. ; —
well as a musician, and his opera Andro- 325 Mendel, iii 496 do., Ergiiuz., xii. 102 ; ;
meda, nuisic by Manelli da Tivoli, repre- Riemann.

sented at the Teatro S. Cassiano, Venice, in FERR.VRI, DOÎEXICO, bornatPiacenza
1G37, was the first performed in public in in the early part of the 18th century, died
that city. It was largely owing to him that in Paris in 1780. Violinist, pupil of Tartini ;
the dramma musicale took such deep root after living several years in Cremona, he
in Italy and in Germany. In 1039 was j^ro- began to travel in 1749, and met with much
duced his Armida, of which he wrote both success in Vienna, where he was considered
text and music. In 1044 he left Venice for the greatest living violinist. In 1754 he
Vienna at the invitation of the Emperor visited Paris, and was aftenvards a mem-
Ferdinand. In 1053-62 he was maestro di ber of the band of the Duke of WUrtem-
cappella to Alfonso I., Duke of Jlodena, berg in Stuttgart. He is said to have been
and in 1074-81 to his successor, Alfonso 11. murdered on a second visit to Paris.
Works Armida, given at Venice, Teatro Works 6 violin sonatas (London, Paris,
: :
SS. Giovanni e Paolo, 1()39 II pastor re- 1758). ;His brother, Carlo Ferrari (1730-
gie, ib., S. Mosi', 1040 La ninfa avai-a, ib., 1789), was a noted violoncellist at Parma.
;
1C41 Proserpina rapita, intermezzo, ib.,

; Fotis —
Grove Buruey, Hist., iii. 562, ; ;
1041 II principe giardinicro, ib., SS. Gio- 573 Mendel.

;
;
vanni e Paolo, 1044 Vittoria d' Himeneo,

;
FEI^RAIH, GIACOMO GOTEFREDO.
ballet,Modena, 1048 Dafne in alloro, do., ; born at Koveredo, Tyrol, in 1759, died in
Vienna, 1051 L' inganno d' amore, Ratis-
;
London, December, 1842. Dramatic com-
bon, 1053 Amori d' Alessandro JIagno e di
;
poser, pupil at Verona of the Abbate Cubri,
Rossane, Venice, 1050 Licasta, Parma, 1604
;
Marcola, and Borsaro subsequently leanicd ;
Garadegli elementi, Fcrrara, 1000 Musiehe the llute, violin, oboe, and double-bass at
;
varie a voce sola, collection of songs (Venice, Uoveredo, theory under Pater Marianus
1638).— F(' tis Jlendel Riemann Schilling. Steelier, at the Convent of Mariaberg, near
; ; ;
FERRARI, CARLO, born at I'iacenza in Chur, and later studied two years under La-
1730, died at Parma in 1789. Virtuoso on tilla at Naples. In 1791 he became accom-
FERRARI
panist at the Tbt'utreFeydeau, Paris. After monk, and organist of his monastery at Ca-
the breaking out of the Revolutiou be \Yeiit tania. Works Sacra; cantiones, collection :
to Brussels, and finally settled in Loudon as of 32 motets for 1-4 voices (Rome, 1617) ;
a singing teacher. —
Works Operas Les Ghirlauda di sacri fiori (Palermo, 1623). :
t'veuemeuts imjjrevus, Piuis, about 1794 Fetis; Mendel —

La villanella rapita, London, 1797 I dui FERRER, MATEO, known as Matenet,
;
Suizzeri, ib., 1798 L' eroina di Raab, ib., born at Barcelona, Feb. 25, 1788, died
;
1799. Ballets : La daiua there, Jan. 4, 1864. Organist of great re-

Borea e ZefBro ;
di spirito. Concertos for various nown, pupil of Francisco Queralt having

Sonatas ;
;
instruments Six English canzonets Solos studied several instruments from his earli-
; ; ;
Songs. He jûblished, also " Studio di est youth, he became organist of the cathe-
:
musica pratica e teorica " " Aneddoti," dral at Barcelona when quite young, and
;
etc. (London, 1830) and other ; treatises. soon after assumed also the functions of
—Grove Fotis Mendel.
; ; maestro de capilla. At the same time he
FEEPvARI, GIOVANNI BATTISTA, born jilayed in the orchestra of the Teatro de
in Venice, died there young, Aug. 14, 1845. Santa Cruz, and in 1827 was appointed its
Dramatic composer. Works Maria d' In-
: conductor. By one of his biographers he
ghilterra, given at La Scala, Milan, 1840 ;
is praised as one of the greatest contrapunt-
Saftb, Venice, Teatro Fenice, 1841 Caudi- ; ists of the century. —

Fetis, Supplement, i.
auo rV., Florence and Milan, 1842 Gli 326. ;
ultimi giorne di Suli, Venice, 1843. — Futis; FERRETTI, GIOVANNI, boru in Venice
Mendel. about 1540, died ('?). He was a pi-olific
FERRAEI, SERAFINO DE', born in composer of madrigals and of canzoni alia
Genoa in 1824,^died there, March 31, 1885. napolitana, which, says Fetis, are full of
Pianist, organist, and dramatic composer originahty and worthy of more repute. ;
I)U23il of Bevilacqua, Serra, and Sciorati in Works 5 books of five-part canzoni (Ven- :
Genoa, and later of Maudanici in Milan. ice, 1567-91) 2 books of six-part canzoni ;
Engaged as maesti-o concertatore in Am- (ib., 1576-86) 1 book of five-part madri- ;
sterdam, he wrote the music of an ojsera, gals (ib., 1588). His madrigal, Siat' avvertiti,
CatLlina, which has never been produced. for five voices, is in Webb's madrigals. Fe- —
On his return to Italy he became director tis Grove Mendel. ; ;
of singing in several of the theatres, and FERROLT), J. DENIS, born in France

jiroduced an opera, Don Carlo, at the Carlo- about 1810, stiU living, 1889
(?). Pupil at
Felice Theatre, Genoa, in 1853 he rewrote the Conservatoire, Paris, of Reicha and Fu-
;
this opera later, and produced it as Filippo tis in 1846 he was settled at Bordeaux, as ;
n., but it was not .so successful as at first. jirofessor of harmony and composition, and
Works Pipele, opera buffa II matrimonio left that city in 1856, since when nothing
: ;
per coucorso, do., Venice, 1858 II meues- has been heard of him.
; Works L'Ecos- :
trello, do., Genoa, Teatro Paganini, 1861 H sais, comic opera Several ballets Clovis,
; ; ;
cadetto di Guascogna, do., ib., Teatro Carlo- ode sj'mphony, Bordeaux, Grand Theatre,
Felice, 18G4 Several masses Some songs, 1853 Jeiiisalem, ode-symphony Cantata
; ; ; ; ;
among which are. La eroce della Mamma, Stabat Mater Le papillou, chorus Le ; ;
and a mazurka, Fiori d' Aprile Delia, retour aux moutagnes, do.; Choruses for the
;
ballet, about the same time. —

Ft'tis, Supjile- synagogue of Bordeaux. Fctis, Supple- —
ment, i. 246 Mendel, Ergiinz., 79.
; ment, i. 327.
FERRARO, Padre ANTONIO, born at FESCA, ALEXANDER ERNST, born at
Polizzi, Sicily, in the second half of the Carlsruhe, May 22, 1820, died at Bruns-
IGth century. Church composer, Carmelite wick, Feb. 22, 1849. Dramatic composer
FESCA
and pianist, son of Fricdrich Erast Fesca ;
the merit of his compositions ; while tbey
pujiil of Marx on the pianoforte, then at show no peculiarly original style, they ore
Brunswick of KapeUmeister AV'iedebein in evidently the work of an earnest student of
theory, and from 1H84 in Berlin of llungen- classic models and of a master of technique.
hagen, Aujûst AVilhelm Bach, and Johaini Works: Cantemira, opera, 1819 Omar und ;
JuHus Schneider in hannonj' and composi- Leila, romantic opera in three acts, Carlsruhe,
tion, and of Taubert on the pianoforte. He 1823 20 (juartets 5 quintets 3 symphonies ; ; ;
returned to Carlsruhe in 1838, made con- 4 overtures

Vater Un- ; 4 violin pot-jwurris ;
cert tours throu<i;h Germany, Austria, and ser for soli, chorus, and orchestra and sev- ;
Hungary in 1839-40, was made cliamber eral psidms and songs. A complete edition
virtuoso to Prince Ftirstenberg in 1841, and of his 25 quartets and quintets has Ix-en
settled at Brunswick in 1842. His songs published in Paris (Kimbault). AUgem. i). —
were, and still are, popular in Germany. Biogi-., vi. 722 Allgem. mus. Zeitg., sxviii. ;
"Works — Operas
Marietta, given at Carls- 545, 701 xxxii. 215 xxxix. Ill vii.-xlvii.;
:
; ; ;
ruhe, 1839 Die Fniuzosen in Siianieu, ib., Fetis Mendel Kochlitz, P^h- Freunde der
; ; ;
1841 Uer Troubadour, Brunswick, 1847

; Tonkunst, iii. 73 Schilling AVeech, Ba-
; ; ;
Ulrich von Hutten, five acts, Brunswick, dische Biogr., i. 240.

1841) 2 septets for pianoforte and string
; FESCH. See D<f,-Hch.
instruments, op. 2 and 28 Sextet for do., FESSY, ALEXANDRE CH.iRLES, bom
;
op. 8 G trios for do.; 3 (piartets for strings

; in Paris, Oct. 18, 1804, died there, Nov. 30,
;
Duos for pianoforte and violin Grand so- 1856. Pianist and organist, pupil in 1813
;
nata for do., op. 40 Fantasias, rondos, at the Conservatoire

; studied the organ ;
etc., for pianoforte Songs (collection of under Benoist, taking 1st prize in 1834.
;
48, Brunswick, Litolff, 1872).— .Vllgem. d. He was organist of I'Assomption, Paris, and
Biogr., vi. 722; Fetis Ledebur, Ton- chef-d'orchestre successively of the concerts
;
kUnstler Lexikou Berlins, 151 Mendel of the rue Vivienne, of the Theiitre Lyrique,
;
;
Weech, Badische Biogr., i. 243. and of the Theatre du Cirque. Works Or- :
FESCA, FRIEDRICH EBNST, born at gan music Pianoforte music and L'Or- ; ;
IMagdeburg, Feb. 15, ganiste francais. Ft'tis Mendel. — ;
1789, died at Carls- FESTA, COSTANZO, bom, probably in

ruhe, May 24, 182G. Rome, near the close of the 15th century,
Violinist, pupil in died there, .\pril 10, 1545. He was elected
JIagdeburg of Lohse a member of the Pontifical Choir in 1517,
on the violin, and of and afterwards appointed maestro at the
Zachariii and Pitterlin Vatican. It is more than probable that be
in theoi-y ; went to studied under a Netherlandish master. He
Lcipsic in 1805 to ushered in the gi-eat epoch of Italian music
study under August which culminated in Palestrina, and may be
called the first great comjwser of the Ro-
'
Ebcrhardt Miiller and
IMatthiii, and also entered the Gewandhaus man school. His compositions consisted
and Theater orchestra.s. In 180G he became of church music a cappella, and madrigala
a member of the ducal orchestra at Olden- ^lost of his published pieces are in the col-
burg, in 1808 solo violinist at Cassel, in lections published in Venice by Gardane
1814 visited Vienna, and in 1815 was called and Scotto about the middle of the lOth
to Carlsruhe as first violin and later as century. His madrigal, "Quando ritrovo
Conzertmeister. Though ill several years la mia pastorella" (Down in a flowery vale),
before his death, some of his last works is very popular in England. Works: 1.
were among his best. Opinions differ as to îladrigali a tre voci, libro primo (Venice,
FESTA
Ant. Gardane, 2a ed., 1550 ; 3(1, 1550) ; 2. Jones and of Geminiani. He became a
Motetti a 8 voci (Venice, 154;{) ; 3. Litaniie member of the King of England's private
Deiparse Virginis JMarise (^Muuicli, Adam orchestra and first violinist of the Philhar-
Berg, 1583). .Seimrate pieces are found in monic Society of London and was made ;
collections published in Venice and else- musical director of Kanelagh Gardens at

—
where during the 16th century. Aiubros, their opening in 1742. He was one of the
iii. 565 Schelle, Die sixtinische Caiêlle founders of the London Society of Musicians
;
(Vienna, 1872), 259 Eituer, 550.

; and its secretary for many years. Works :
FESTA, GIUSEPPE MARIA, born at Violin solos Symphonies, concertos, and ;
Trani, Naples, in 1771, died at Naples, April sonatas Ode on the return of the Duke of
;
7, 1839. Violin virtuoso, jjupil of Giardiui Cumberland in 1745 Addison's Ode for ;
and Lolli on his instrument, and of Gar- St. Cecilia's Day Milton's Song on May ;
gauo and Feuaroli in counterpoint accom- morning ; Cantatas and songs. Grove ; — ;
j)auied Lord Hamilton, the English ambas- Fetis Gei'ber Schilling. ; ;
sador, to Constantinople about 1790, and FESTKLANGE (Festival Sounds), No. 7

after his return lived for a time at Milan. of Liszt's Stjmphonischt' Dichtungen, written
In 1802 he became maestro di cappella at at Weimar, 1856. Published, score and
Lodi, but returned to Naples in 1805 and parts also, two pianofortes, and pianoforte
;
entered the orchestra of the Teatro San four hands, by Breitkopf & Hiirtel.
Carlo as first violinist in 1812 he visited
; FEST-M.ARSCH (Festival March), for or-
Paris for about eight months, and after his chestra, by Franz Liszt, written for Goethe's
return to Naples was appointed maestro di birthday. Published, score and parts also, ;
cappella at the Teatro San Carlo, in 1816, pianoforte, two and four hands (.Schu-
and soon after also of the royal chajiel and berth).
of the king's private orchestra. his Among
FESTilARSCH, GROSSER, zur Eroff-
compositions for the violin are 3 works of nung der hundertjiihrigen Gedenkfeier der
duos and 2 works of quartets, published by Unabliiingigkeits-Erklarung der vereinig-
Gir.ard at Naples. —
Fetis Mendel. ; ten Staaten von Nordamerika, for grand or-
FESTGESANG (Festival Song), Schil- chestra, by Richard Wagnei". Written for,
ler's poem, "An die Kiinstler," for male and first played at the National Centennial
voices and brass, by Mendelssohn, op. 68, Exhibition, Philadelphia, May 10, 1876,
written for the opening of the first German- whence called also Centennial March. The
Flemish Vocal Festival at Cologne. stipulated price for this work was $5,000,
FESTGESANG, for male chorus and but Wagner received, through the efforts of
orchestra, by Mendelssohn (no opus No.), American admirers, double that sum, when
written for the festival of the fourth cen- he needed the money for the first Baireuth
tennial celebration of the art of pi-inting, festival.
Leipsic, June 2-1 and 25, 1840. The words FEST-OITV'ERTURE (Festival Overture),
of the hymn, which was sung at the un- for orchestra, by Otto Nieolai, written for
veiling of the statue of Guttenberg in the the jubilee of tlie University of Konigsberg,
public square, on the morning of the 24th, 1844. Its theme is Luther's " Ein' feste
were written by Adolphus PrOlss, a teacher Burg ist unser Gott."

in the Freiberg Gymnasium. The work is FEST-OUVERTURE, for orchestra, in A,
sometimes called the Guttenberg Fest-Can- by Joachim Raff, op. 117. In it, also, " Ein'
tate. —
Upton, Standard Cantatas, 263. feste Burg " is used as a theme. Published
TESTING, MICHAEL CHRISTIAN, by Kistner.
born in London (?) about 1680, died there, 'fEST-VORSPIEL (Festival Prelude), for
July 24, 1752. Violinist, jiupil of Richard orchestra, by Franz Liszt, written for the
f£te
Schiller and Goetbo Festival, Weimar, 1857. Bi-us.sels, March 2.5, 1871.
'
The son of an
Published in score (HiiUberger). organist at ilons, he learned to play at au
FETE DU VILLAGE, LA, opera in one early age the violin,
act, text by Desfontaines, music by Gossec, pianoforte, and or-
represented at the Acaduraio Koyale de gan.I

He finished
Musifjue, Paris, May 2C, 1778. An opora- his studies at the
comique in one act, of the same title, text Paris Conservatoire,
by J5tienne, music by Nicolo Lsouard, was where he was the
given at the OpiTa Comique, March 31, pupil on the piano-
1811. La fi'te du village voisin, opi'ra- forte of Pradher
comique in three acts, test by Sewrin, and Boieldieu, tak-
music by Boieldieu, was produced at the ing the prize for bar- ^
Th('atre Feydcau, March 5, 181 G. mony in 1803, and,
FfiTES DE L' AMOUR ET DE BAC- for the second time, the second prize in com-
CHUS, LES, pastorale in three acts, with position in 1807. In 1806 he married ; on the
prologue, by Molii;re, Benserade, loss of his wife's fortune, in 1811, he retired
text
Quinault, etc.,music by Lulli, represented to the Ardennes. In 1813 he was appointed
by the Acadumie Koyale de JIusique, at the organist and professor of music at DouaL
The-atre du Bel-Air, Paris, Nov. 15, 1G72. In 1821, on Eler's vacating the post, he waa
This work, reproduced six times between made professor of countei-jjoint and fugue
1672 and 1738, was the beginning of the at the Paris Conservatoire and librarian in
composer's successful career. It was first 1827. In 1833 he was appointed director of
published by J. B. Cliristojihe Ballard the Brus.sels Consenatoire and maitre de
(Paris, 1727), Fctis being incorrect in sjieak- chapeUe to the King of the Belgians. He
ing of an edition of 1G7'.). wrote several mcmoires for the Belgian
fi^:tis, adolphe louis eug^ne, Academic Royale. Futis was a learned
born in Paris, Aug. 20, 1820, died there, h.armoiiist and contrapuntist, and was a
March 20, 1873. Dramatic composer, son noted champion of the old Italian, pure con-
of Franyois Joseph Fetis, pupil at the Con- trapuntal style. His operas, and chamber
servatoire at Brussels, then in Paris of and orchestral music, have now pa.ssed into
Henri Hcrz on the pianoforte, and of Halcvy oblinon, and most of bis church music is
in composition. After his return to Brus- unpublished. His most noteworthy com-
sels he was put in charge of a course in har- position is bis Requiem (1850), written for
mony for young ladies at the Conserva- the funeral of the Queen of Belgium. But
toire; for several years he taught harmony be won his greatest fame as a musical the-
and the pianoforte at Brussels and Ant- orist, historian, and teacher. His Treatise
werp, and in 185G settled in Paris. Works on Counterpoint and Fugue is unquestion-
:
Le major Schlagmann, operetta given at ably the best and most exhaustive text-
the Bouffes Parisiens, 1859 several comic book on the subject in existence
; bis Trea- ;
operas Los logendes des siccles, morceaux tise on Harmony, in spite of some incon-
;
de salon, for pianoforte Romances sans sequences and now obsolete views, is still
;
paroles, for do. 2 caprices d'l'tude, do.

; one of the most remarkable theoretical
;
Grand polka et redowa, do. Jlorceaux, works in musical literature.

; As an histo-
for harmonium and violoncello Album de rian be was voluminous, but not always
;
18G1, melodies for 1 and 2 voices, with pi- trustworthj- his historical works are,
;
anoforte. —
Fi'tis. moreover, stained with an uncompromising
FftTIS, FRANCOIS JOSEPH, born at dogmatism. His Biogra2>bie uuiverselle
Mods, Belgium, March 25, 1784, died in des Musicieus (continued after bis death by
FEUER-SYMPHONIE
Arthur Pougin) is still a standard book centurj"). He left other works and treatises
of reference. —
Works Ojieras L'amant et unpublished. His eldest son, Edward Louis :
le raari, given at the Opera Connijue, Paris, Frani;ois (born at Bouvignes, May 16, 1812),
1820 Les soeiirs jumelles, ib., 1823 Marie is a professor in Brussels. He succeeded
; ;
Stuart en Ecosse, ib., 1823 ; Le bour- his father as editor of the Revue musicals
geois de Reims, ib., 1824: ; La vieille, ib., in 1833-35, edited the volume of
fifth
182G Le mauuequin de Bergame, ib.,

; "Histoire generale de la musique," and has
1832; Phidias, not represented. Instru- published " Les musiciens beiges " (Brus-
mental music Overtures for orchestra : sels, 1848), and other works Louis Alvin, —
Sonatas Sextets Quintets Duos for piano-
; ; ; Notice sur F. J. Fetis (Brussels, 1874) ; Am-
forte and violin. Vocal music Canzonette :
;
bros, Bunte Blatter, i. 141.
Masses Vespers, and much other church
; FEUER-SYMPHONIE (Fire Symphony),
music still in MS. Historical and didactic by Joseph Haydn, written in 1770. It is
works Methode elomentaire d'harmonie

: probably the overture to the opera Die
et d'accompagnement (1824, 1836, 1841, Feuersbrunst, an unrepresented work by
translated into English and Italian) Traite ; the composer.
do la fugue et du contrapoint (1825, 184G) FEUILLETS D'ALBIBI (Album Leaves),
Traite de I'accompagnemeut de la partition 3 songs with pianoforte accompaniment, by
(1829) Solfeges progressifs precedes de
; Hector Berlioz, oj). 19. — Jullien, Hector
I'exposition raisoune des priucipes de la Berlioz (1888), 378.
musique (1827) La musique mise a la ; FEVIN, ANTOINE, probably at
born,
portee de tout le monde (1830) Curiosites ; Orleans, France, about died cer- 1490,
historiques de la musique (1830) Bio- ; tainly before 1516. Little or nothing is
grajihie universelle des musicians et biblio- known of his life, but his compositions (in
graphie geuerale de la musique, 8 vols. spite of his early death) point to his having
(1835-44 2d ed., 18G0-G5 ; Supplement, ; been one of the greatest geniuses between
Pougin, 1878-80) Manuel des jjrincipes de ; Josquin Desjjres and Orlando Lasso. His
musique, etc. (1837) Traite du chant en ; reputation, during and after his life, was im-
choeur, etc. (1838) Manuel des jeunes com- ; mense. The opinion that he was a Span-
positeurs, des chefs de musique militaire et iard is rejected by the best authorities.
des directeurs d'orchestre (1837) ; Methode Works 3 Masses, Sancta Trinitas, Mente
:
des methodes de piano (1837) ; Methode tota, and Ave Maria, from a book of Masses
des metbodes de chant ; Esquisse de I'his- (Petrucci, Fossombrone, 1515 only known ;
toire de I'harmonie, etc. (1840) ; Methode copj' in British IMuseum) 3 Masses Ave ; ;
elemeutaire du plain-chant (1843) Traite ; Maria, Mente tota, and De feria (-'Liber
complet de la theorie et de la pratique de quindecim Missarum," Rome, 151G copy ;
I'harmonie (1844, Gth ed., 1857); Notice in ^lazariu Library, Paris) 6 motets from ;
biographique de Nicolo Paganini, etc. "Motetti della corona" (Petrucci, 1514);

(1851) ; Traite elementaire de musique, etc. Motet, Descende in hortum nieum, and a
(1851-1852) ; Antoine Stradivari, etc. (185G); fugue, Qa;e es ista ("Cantiones selectse ul-
tra centum," Augsburg, 1540) 2 Lamenta- ;
tions, Migravit Juda, and Recordare est,

("Recueil de Lamentations de Jeremie,"
Paris, 1558) Detached movements from
;
masses in Eslava's Lira sacro-liispana Mag- ;
Histoire generale de la musique dcjDuis les nificat in Attaignant's 5th book for four
temps les plus anciens jusqu'a nos jours voices, and 2 motets in his 11th book (Paris,
(18G9-7G ; finished only as far as the 15th 1534) Chansons franjaises in " Bicinia gal- ;
FfiVIN
lica, latiiia et germanica

FM.NCf.E, LA, opi-ra-comique in three
" (Wittenberg,
1545) 3 innsses in the Amhraser Messen, acts, text by Scribe, music by Auber, first
;
Vienna, and 3 motets in MS. in the same represented in Puris, Jan. 10, 1829 in Ber- ;
library. A mass in MH., Salve sancta pa- lin, as Die Braut, Aug. 2G, 1829. It treats
rens, the only copy, is iu the Munich Li- of bourgeois life. It was revived in Paris,
brary. A
"Je le rairray,"is in Feb. 10, 1858. Published by Breitkopf
song of his,
the Harleian j\ISS., and fragments of two it Hiirtel (Leipsic, 1829), with pianoforte
masses are in Burncy's Musical Extracts accompaniment Schott's S<Jhuen (Mainz, ; ;
both in the British Museum. Ambros, iii. 1829). —

274 Grove Fetia Burney, Hist, of Mus.,
; ; ; FIANX'IÊ DU ROI DE GARBE, LA,
ii. 530 Mendel. ; opera-comique in three acts and sis tab-
FEVIN, IfOBEUTUS, born at Cambrai, leaux, text by Scribe and Saint-Georges,
latter part of the 15th century, died after music by Auber, represented at the Opera
1515. A contemporary of Antoine Fevin, but Comique, Paris, Jan. 11, 18G4. The sul>-
of another family. He was maitre de chapellc ject is from a tale by Boccaccio, put into
to the Duke of Savoy. According to Fetis verse bj' La Fontaine. An opera-comique
his only known composition is a Mass for of the same title, and four ta-
in three acts
four voices on the French chanson, Le vi- bleaux, text by Dennery and Chabrillat, mu-
lain jaloux, printed in " Miss;c Antonii de sic by Henri LitoltT, was given at the Folies
Fevin" (Petrucci, Fossombrone, 1515) but ; Dramaticpies, Paris, Oct. 29, 1874. Subject
Van dcr Straeten mentions a Mass and an- also from Boccaccio.
other church composition in the catalogue FIANCftE DES VERTS-POTFAL'X, L.\.
of the Sixtino Chapel music (18(58), in which operetta, music by Edniond Audran, repre-
he is called Robinet Fevin. Fetis Van der — ; sented at the Menus Plaisirs, Paris, Nov.
Straeten, vi. 4G3, 471, 474 Gerber Men- ; ; 8, 1887.
del ; Schilling. FIBICH, ZDENKO, bora at Seborschitz,
rf:VRE. See Le Fibre. Bohemia, Dec. 21, 1850, still living, 1889.
FIALA, JOSEPH, born at Lobkowitz, Dramatic composer, studied music firet at
Bohemia, in 1749, died at Donaueschingen Prague, then at the Leipsic Conservatorium
iu 181G. Oboist and violoncellist. Origi- (1SG5), and under Vincenz Lachner. In
nally a serf, he taught himself the oboe, and 187G he became second Kapellmeister at
became a member, in Vienna, of Prince Wal- the National Theatre in Prague, and in 1878
lensteiu's band. In 1777 he went to j\Iu- choir-director of the Russian church. He
nich, and was engaged b\- the Elector Max is one of the most prominent among the
Joseph for the Electoral Chapel, and subse- young Czech composers. Works Buko- :
quently served in that of the Prince Bishop win, Czech opei-a, given at Prague about
of Salzburg, where ho made the acquaint- 1875 Blanik, do., ib., Nov. 2G, 1881 The ;
;
ance of Mozart, and through his influence Bride of ^lessina, do., 1883 Othello, Zaboj ;
went to Vienna in 178G. After residing sev- and Slavoj, Toman and the Nymph, Vesna,
eral years in Russia, in the service of Count symphonic poems Two symphonies Sev- ; :
Alexis OrlofY, he I'eturned to Germany, eral overtures Two string quartets Melo- ; ;
and in 17!)'2 became Kapellmeister to dramas, choruses, songs, and pianoforte

Prince Fiirstenberg at Donaueschingen. pieces. Riemann. —
Works 2 sets of ([uartets for violin (Frank-
: FIBY, HFIIXRICH, born in Vienna, May
fort and Vienna, 1780, 178G) G duos for vio- 15, 1834. still living, 1889. Vocal composer
;
lin and violoncello (Augsburg, 1709) 2 sets and violinist, pupil at the Couservatoriuni.
;
of trios for flute, oboe, and bas.soon (Hatisbon, Vienna became in 1853 solo violin and ;
180G).— Grove Fctis Mendel Wurzbach. conductor of the orchestra at the theatre in
; ; ;
FIDELIO
Laybacb, Carniola, and in 1857 city music action of the opera takes place in a prison
dii-ector at Zuaim, Moravia, where he has near Seville, Spain, of which Don Pizarro
done much towards the regeneration of mu- is governor, and Kocco chief jaUer. Flo-
sical life and the reorganization of chui'ch restau is a state prisoner, whose wife, Leo-
music. He is most favourably known by nore, has introduced herself into the prison
Lis choruses for male voices and has com-
; in male attii-e, under the name of Fidelio,
posed also three operettas. — Mendel, Er- in hope of eflecting his deliverance. Ja-
giinz., 104. quino, the turnkey, isinlove withMarzelline,
FIDELIO, Oder die elieliche Liebe (Con- daughter of Eocco, and she is in love with
German opera in two acts, text Fidelio. Don Pizarro, hearing
jugal Love), that Don
by Joseph Sonnleithner, music by Beethoven, Fernando is coming to inspect the prison,
first rein-esented at the Theater an der Wien, determines to kill Florestan, but is pre-
Vienna, Nov. 20, 1805. The libretto is an vented by Leonore. In the last scene Don
adaptation from the French of Jean Nico- Fernando frees Florestan, who is reunited
las Bouilly's " Leonore, ou I'amour conju-
gal," which had twice before been set to
music by Gaveaux, as Leonore, ou I'a-
:
mour conjugal, given at the Opera Co-

mique, Paris, Feb. 19, 1798 and by Paer,
;
as Leonora, ossia 1' amore coujugale, given

at Dresden, Oct. 3, 1801:. Beethoven re-
ceived the text in the winter of 1801-5, and
comjiosed his score at Hetzendorf during
the following summer. The opera, originally
in three acts, was produced under discoui'-
aging circumstances, the French having just
taken possession of the city, which was de-
serted by the court and nobility, and after
three rejoresentations (Nov. 20, 21, 22) it
was withdrawn. The work j)roviug too
long, three numbers were dropped from it
and the was reduced to two acts by
libretto
Stejilien Breuning. In this form it was to Leonore, Don away to pun-
Pizarro is led
given at the Imperial private theatre, March make
ishment, and IMarzelline consents to
29 and April 10,1806, and again withdrawn. Jaquiuo happy. Among the most notewor-
In 1811 the libretto was again revised by thy of the numbers are In the first act,
:
Friedrich Treitschke, and Beethoven re- MarzelUne's aria, "O wjir' ich schon mit dir
wrote and rearranged a considerable part of vereint," called the Hope aria ; the quartet,
the music. In this last form it was pro- " ]Mir ist so wunderbar " Rocco's song, ;
duced at the Kiirnthnerthor Theater, May " Hat man nicht auch Gold, beineben,"
23, 1811. Beethoven wished the opera called the Gold song Don Pizarro's aria, ;
called Leonore, but he was overruled by the " Ha welch ein Augenblick " Fidelio's
! !
management of the theatre, and it was al- aria, " Abscheulicher !," full of dramatic in-
ways announced under its present name. tensity expressive of her hon-or of Don Fer-
Four overtui-es were written for it 1. Leo- nando's proposed crime, and leading into
:
nore No. 2, in C, 1805 2. Leonore No. 3, an adagio, "Komm, Hoffuung," in which she
;
in C, 1806 3. Leonore No. 1, in C (op. describes the power of love.

; In the second
138), 1807 ; 4. FideUo, in E, 1816. The act Florestan in his dungeon sings an aria,
FIEDLER
" In deaLebena Friiblingstagen," which peared with success aa a concert player, and
c'losea " Und spiir* Ic}i has composed
rapturously with, a symphony, performed in
iiicht linde," as he sees Leonore in a vision. Hamburg, 1886, a quintet and a
quartet for
After a furious scene between Don Pizarro strings, songs, and pianoforte pieces.—
Rie-
and Leonore, interrupted by the anival of mann.
Don Fernando, J"'lorestan and Leonore join FIELD, JOHN" (called in England "Rus-
in the rapturous duet, " Namenlose sian Field "), born
Freude." The original cast in 1805 was as in Dublin, Ireland,
follows : July 26, 1782, died
in Moscow, Russia,
Don Fernando Herr "\^'einkol>f.
Jan. 11, 1837. His
Don Pizarro Herr Jleier.
father was a violin-
Florestan HeiT Demmer.
ist in a theatre or-
Leonore (Fidelio) Friiulein Milder.
chestra in Dublin ;
Rocco Herr Rothe.
grandfather an his
Marzelline Friiulein Miiller.
who taught organist,
Jaquino Herr Cache.
him the rudiments
In 1822 Wilhelmina Schroder, afterwards of music and the jm-
SchrOder-Devrient (ISOo-lSUO), sang at Vi- anoforte. His father apprenticed him in
enna the i)art of Leonore, and achieved such London to Clementi, with whom he studied
|
extraordinary success as to become al- the pianoforte until 1804, acting also as
most identified with the character. Fidelio salesman and exhibitor of pianofortes in
was produced in Paris, at the Salle Favart, the warerooms of Clementi &. Co. In 1802
1829 and 18:30 at the Italiens, 18.52 and
; ; Clementi took him to Paris, where he won
in three acts, French translation by Jules great distinction by his playing of Bach and
Barbier and Jlichel Cam', at the Theatre Handel, and thence to St. Petersburg, where
Lyrique, May 5, 1S(J0. It was performed in he continued to sei-ve in his master's ware-
London at Theatre, May 18, rooms until 1804, when Clementi left Rus-
the King's
1832, andEnglish at Covent Garden, sia. He then settled in St. Petei-sburg as a
in
June 12, 183.5. Its first production in teacher, receiving extraordinarj- prices for
America was at the National Theatre, New his lessons. In 1823 he removed to Mos-
York, Sept. 9, 1839, when it was given in cow, where he won even gi-eater success as
English. The German version was sung at a pianist. After a professional trip through
the Metropolitan Opera House, New York, Russia he returned to London in 1832, and
in the season of 1885-8G. — ilarx, L. van 1833 to Paris, passing through Belgium
'
in
B., 200 ; Nohl, B.'s Leben, ii. 205 ; Thayer, and Switzerland to Italy, where he lost
Life of B. ; do., Verzeichnis.s, Gl ; Hanslick, I
money at his concerts in Milan, Venice, and
Modeme Oper, 61 ; Liszt, Gesaiuml. Sehr., Intemperate habits had worn out
Naples.
10 Berlioz,
iii. ; A
travers Chant.s, 68 ; Schu- his originally feeble constitution, and he was
mann, Music and ^lusieians, i. 25. nine months in a wTetched state in a Neapo-
;
FIEDLEIi, AUGU.ST M.VX, bom Russian family by the

at litan hospital. A
Zittau, Dec. 31, 1859, still living, saved him from this
1889. name of Raemanow
Pianist and instrumental and vocal com- plight, on condition that he should retimi
poser, pupil of his father on the pianoforte to Russia. Passing through Vienna he elic-
and of G. Albrecht in theory and on the iteil the most enthusiastic praise by his
organ, then at the Conservatorium in Leip- playing, but died almost immediately after
sic (1877-80). Since 1882 professor at reaching Moscow. As a composer. Field
the Conservatorium in Hamburg. He apis to be credited with originating that form
FIEX^'ES
of pianoforte piece known as the nocturne don to hear and be advised by Thalberg,
;
his nocturnes were the models for Chopin then at the zenith of his fame. Works :
and all later composers, and, among all his Two concertos for pianoforte and orchestra ;
works, they alone have survived. His con- Fautaisie romantique Morceau de concert
;
certos, sonatas, pianoforte quintet, and Theme varie Fantaisies, melanges, caprices,
;
other works, much admired in his day, etc on operatic themes. Fetis. , —
have all died. His style was marked by FIERO SANGUE D' ARAGONA. See
infinite grace, charm, and an intimate Ernani.
knowledge of the most characteristic re- FD^RRABRAS, romantic opera in three
sources of the pianoforte. Both as a pian- acts, text by Josef Kupelwieser, music by
ist and composer he was the connecting link Franz Schubert, written in 1823, but never
between Clementi and Chopin. Works 7 performed, though Riemann saj's it was
:
concertos for pianoforte and orchestra, in produced in Vienna in 1861. The work,
E-flat (Nos. 1, 3, and i), A-flat, C (L' incen- in MS. (1,000 pages of written score), in
die par I'orage), C, and C minor 2 diver- twenty-three numbers, including the over-
;
tissements for do., with accompaniment for ture, is preserved in the library of the
2 violins, flute, viola, and bass Quintet for Gesellschaft der Musikfreunde, Vienna.
;
pianoforte and strings Rondo for do. Fragments of it have been played in Vienna
; ;
Variations on a Russian air for four hands (1858, 1862), and the overture, which is
Grand valse for do.; 3 sonatas, in A, E-flat, owned by Herr Spina, Vienna (it has been
and C minor 3 do. in A, B, and C Sonata published, arranged for pianoforte, by Di-
; ;
in B ;20 nocturnes (only 12 of these were abelli), is frequently played at concerts. It

designated as such by the composer) 2 airs is decidedly the greatest of Schubert's over-
;
/. ^
en rondeau Eon- tures. The subject is from the romances of
-
^y
;
^/oj^j deau ecossais; chivalry and deals with the wars between
^ Fantasias on dif- Charlemagne and the Moors. The scene is
ferent airs Polo- laid in Spain.
; Fierrabras, son of the Moor-
naises, romances, ish prince, is in love with Emma, daughter
rondos, and miscellaneous pieces for piano- of King Charles (Charlemagne), who is also
forte Two songs, with pianoforte.
; —
Grove beloved by Eginhardt, a Christian knight
;
Fetis, iii. 214 do., Supjjlement, i. 331

; and Florinda, sister of Fierrabras, is loved
;
Mendel Spohr, Selbtsbiographie, i. 43

; by Roland, another Christian knight. Af-
Weitzmann, Geschichte des Clavierspiels, ter many vicissitudes, Eginhardt wins
92. ; Liszt, Gesamml. Schr., iv. 2G1. Emma, and Roland Florinda and Fierra- ;
FIENNES, HENRI DU BOIS DE, born bras, renouncing his religion, becomes a
at Anderlecht, near Brussels, Dec. 15, 1809, follower of King Charles amid a chorus of
died there, Feb. 15, 18G3. Pianist, pupil of joy and exultation. —
Hellborn (Coleridge),
Land wyck, an organist at Brussels, then went Life of Schubert, i. 293 Grove, iii. 338.
;
to Paris, where for two years he profited FIESCO, GIULIO, born in Ferrara in
much by the advice of Henri Herz. After 1519, died in 1586. Lutist, musician of
his return to Belgium he gave concerts the chapel of Ercole H., and Alfonso H., of
with Bender, Hauman, and Dosargus, and Este. His madrigals were published in
in 1834 studied composition under Fetis Venice (1554-1569).— Fetis Mendel.
; ;
then jDerfected himself on the pianoforte in FifeVRE BRULANTE, UNE. See Ri-
Paris under Kalkbrenner. Settled in Brus- chard Coeur de Lion.
sels, where he devoted himself to teaching, FIGARO. See None di Figaro.
he made a concert tour through Holland FIGHERA, SALVATORE, born at Gra-
and on the Rhine in 1837, and visited Lon- vina, Na^^les, in 1771, died at Naples in
FKJLirOL
1836. Church composer, pupil of Insan- 1665 maestro di cappella of the church of
guine ami Feiiaroli at tlie Conservatoiio the regular canons of S. Giovanni in Monte.
Santa Maria di Loreto, Naples then lived On the foundation of the Accademia Filar-
;
for a time in Milan, and after his return monica, Bologna, 16G6, he was made a mem-
was maestro di cappella of several convents, ber, and he was principe iu 1669 and 1C75.
for which he wrote numerous compositions. He composed masses, psalms, etc., Bologna
Works : La fiiita istoria, cantata ; Lo (1606-1671).— Fctis Mendel.
;
sdegno e la jwce, do. 2 masses for double ; FILLE DE MADAME ANGOT, L.\
chorus with orchestra Several masses alia ; (Madame Angot's Daughter), opora-bouffe,
Palestriua Miserere for 4 voices with or-
; text by Clairville, Siraudin, and Koning,
chestra Credo for 8 voices in madrigal
; music by Charles Lecocq, represented at
style La sorpresa, opera buffa, given in
; the Fantaisies Parisiennes, Brussels, No-
Milan. —
Fctis, Supplement, i. 331 Mendel, ; vember, 1872. Madame Angot's daughter,
Ergiinz., 104. Clairette, a pretty flower-girl, whom her
FIGLIUOL PRODIGO, IL (The Prodi- friends wish to maiTy the hair-dresser Pom-
gal Son), melodrama in four acts, text by ponnet, prefers to give her love to Ange
A. Zauardini, music by Amilcare Ponchielli, Pitou, a singer. The latter, inconstant, sac-
rejiresented at La Scala, Milan, Dec. 26, rifices his love to the beautiful eyes of lUle
1880. sung by Tamagno, Lange, the famous comedienne. Clairette,
This work,
de Eeszke, Salvati, and Mmes Angeri and after all sorts of trouble, at last consolea
Prasini, had a great success. herself for his infidelity and gives her hand
FILBY, WILLLVM CHARLES, born at to Pomponnet. Tlie work had a great suc-
Hammersmitli, England, 183G, still living, cess in Pari.s, where it was presented, Feb.
1889. Organist, and composer of church, 23, 1873, at the Folies Dramatiquea
dramatic, and instrumental music, studied FILLE DES ROIS, A TOI LHOM-
in France, and was organist successively in JIAGE. See Afrirai>,e.
London, at Walworth, Bayswater, West- FILLE DL' RfiGIMENT, LA (Ital., La
bourne Park, Margate, and Stepney. figlia del reggimento, The Daughter of the
Works Your money or your life, operetta, Regiment), opera-comique in two acts, text
:
op. 99 Alabama Claims, do., op. 100 Mass by Bayard and Saint-Georges, music by
; ;
in E-flat, op. 24 do., in E, op. 28 The Donizetti, represented at the Opera Co-
; ;
twenty-third psalm, op. 36 The

mique, Paris, Feb. 11, 1840. Scene, in the
; thirteenth
psalm, op. 71 Ouverture fantastique for or- Tyrol, during its occupation by the French
;
chestra, op. 101 Motets Anthems So- in Napoleons time. Marie, picked up
; ; ;
nata for pianoforte, op. 06 Fantasias and when an infant on the battle-field by Ser-
;
other pieces for do. Organ music, songs, geant Sulpice, has grown up to be a vivan-
;
duets, etc. dicre and the adopted daughter of the 21st

FILIPPIXI, STEFANO (surnamed 1' Ar- Regiment. Tony, a Tyrolese peasant, who
gentino), Augustine monk, maestro di cap- once saved her from falling over a precipice,
pella of St. John the Evangelist at Ravenna, loves her, and joins the regiment to obtain
in the second part of the 17th century. her hand. But the mystery of her birth is
His motets, psalms, masses, etc., were pub- cleared up by the appearance of her mother,
lished in Ancona and Bologna (1522-1685). a marquise, who claims Marie as her niece,
— Frtis Mendel, iii. 517 Mendel, Ergiinz., and rejects Tony.
; ; In the second act the
xii. 105. daughter of the regiment appears in her
FILIPUZZI. AGOSTIXO, bom
Bo- mother's chateau, surroutuled by everything
in
logna about 1635, died ('?). Organist of the belonging to her rank, but regretting Tony
church of the Madonna di Galiera, and iu and longing for the freedom of her old
FILS
life. She is suddenly cheered up by the the opera Temistocle, the intermezzo La
return of the regiment, and Tony, become pace campestre, a cantata, and other music
an officer, demands her hand. The marin MS.— Fetis Mendel. ;
quise reveals to Marie that she is her mother FINCH' HAN DAL VINO. See Don
and bids her give up her lover, but at Giovanni.
last, overcome by her daughter's grief, con- FINCK, HEINRICH, German composer
sents to the union. The opera was given of the beginning of the 16th century, date
in Italian in Loudon, at Her Majesty's The- of birth and death unknown. He finished
atre, May 27, 1847, with Jenny Lind in the his studies in Cracow, Poland, where he
title-rule and in English, at the Surrey
; was in the service of Kings John Albei-t in
Theatre, Dec. 21, 1847. The French ver- 1492, of Alexander in 1501, and of Sigis-
sion was produced in New York, at Niblo's mund I. in 1506. He retired later to Wit-
Garden, July 19, 1843, by a comjxany from tenberg. He is sometimes confounded with
New Orleans, with Mile Calve as Marie and his grand-nephew, Hermann Finck. Works :
Bles as Sulpice. Among the best of the Schone auserlesene Lieder (Nuremberg,
numbers are the tyrolienne, " Suppliant, 1536) music to 22 Latin hymns in Rhau's
: ;
:i genoux " the duet between Marie and Sacrorum hymnorum, lib. i. (Wittenberg,
;
Sulpice, commonly Le Eataplan called "

1542) and comiôsitions in other 16th cen-
;
;
the spirited, " Salut a la France ;" and the tury collections. Allgem. d. Biogr., vii. 12 ; —
song of the regiment, " Chacun le sait, Fetis do.. Supplement, i. 333 ; Mendel ;
chacun le dit." — Edwards, Lyrical Drama, Sowinski, 191 ; Schilling ; Winterfeld, Der
ii. 37 ; Larousse, viii. 376. evang. Kirchengesang, i. 186.
FILS DU BRIGADIER (The Corporal's FINCK, HERMANN, born in Pirna, Sax-
Son), LE, opera-comique in three acts, text ony, March Wittenberg,
21, 1527, died in
by Eugene Labiche and Delacour, music by Dec. 28, 1558. A grand-nephew of Hein-
Victor Masse, represented at the Opera rich Finck, and a warm supporter of the
Comique, Paris, Feb. 2.5, 1867. Sung by Reformed religion. He studied in Witten-
Crosti, Montaubry, Sainte-Foy, Prilleux, berg, where he became an organist, and
and ]\Illes Girard, Ruze, and Revilly. composed chorals, one of which, " O let thy
FILTZ, ANTON, died at an early age at grace remain," is still sung in German
Mannheim in 1768. Violoncellist in the Protestant churches. He was the author
service of the Mann-Elector-Palatine at of a theoretical work, " Practica musica "
heim about 1763, and enjoyed great reputa- (1556). — Riemaun ; Naumann (Ouseley), i.
tion as a composer. Works : 6 symjjhonies 440.

for 8 instruments ; 6 trios for pianoforte, FIN DU MONDE, LA. See Hercn-
violin and bass ; 6 trios for violins ; 6 quar- laniim.
tets for 2 violins, viola, and bass. Italian composer
Concertos FINETTI, GIACOMO,
for violoncello, flute, and
beginning of the 17th century, born
oboe, clarinet, of the
and duos and solos for violoncello, in MS. at Ancoua. A Franciscan monk, he was
— Fetis Mendel.; maestro di cappella of his native town in
FINAZZI, FILffPO, born in Bergamo 1611, and subsequently of San Marco, Ven-
in 1710, died at Jersbeck, near Hamburg, ice. He composed psalms, etc., with Petrus
April 21, 1776. Singer and composer, sang Lappius, and Jul. Bellus (Frankfort, 1621 ;
in Italian opera at Breslau in 1728 was Venice, 1611-1622).— Fetis; Mendel.

;
subsequently in the service of the Duke of FESfGALS HOHLE. See Die Hebriden.
Modena, returned to Germany in 1737, and FINGER, GOTTFRIED, born at Olmiitz,
settled at Jersbeck in 1748. He published Moravia, about 1660, died after 1717. He
six four-part symi^honies (1754), and left went to England in 1685 and became musi-
FIN!
cian to James 11. On obtaining the fourth FINK, GOTTFRIED WTLHELil, bora
})rize for hismusic to Congi'eve's masque, at Suiza, Thuringia, Marcli 7, 1783, dieil at
The Judgment of Paris, in 1701, he was so Halle, Aug. 27, 184G. Instrumental and
displeased that he returned to Germany. vocal composer and writer on music, pupil
He became chamber musician to Queen of the cantor Gressler on the pianoforte and
Sophie (Jharlotte in BerUn in 1702, and organ. First wrote for the Allgemeine mu-
Kapellmeister at Gotha in 1717. Works : sikalische Zeitung in 1808, and wa.s editor of
Sonata' xii. pro diversis insti'umeutis the paper in 1827-41. Became profes.sor of
(1G88) ;sonatas or solos, three for a music at Leipsic University in 1842, and re-
Si.x
violin and three for a flute (1690) Ayres, ceived the doctor's degree.
; Works Pieces :
Chacones, Divisions, and Sonatas, for Vio- for pianoforte and violin Songs and bal- ;
lins and Flutes, with John Banister (1G91) ;

lads ; Terzettos for soprano, contralto, and
A set of sonatas in five parts for flutes bass ; Many part-songs for male voices ;
and hautboys (with Godfrey Keller) So- Hiiusliche Andachten, 3 books (Leipsic,
;
natas for violins and flutes Jlusic for Theo- 1810) ; He also published Musikali.scher ;
philus Parson's Ode for St. Cecilia's Day Hausschatz der Deutschen, a collection of
;
Music for Motteux's masque, The Loves of 1,000 songs (Leipsic, 1843) Deutsche Lie- ;
Mars and Venus (with John Eccles), Lon- dertafel, a collection of four-part songs
don, 1G9(J Music for Ravenscroft's comedy. for male voices.
; AUgem. d. Biogr., rii. —
The Anatomist, ib., 1697; Music for Elkanah 17 Fetis Mendel Riemann, 263 Schil- ; ; ; ;
Settle's opera, the Virgin Prophetess, ib., ling.

1701 ; Music masque, The
for Congreve's FINTA GURDINIER.i, LA, Italian
Judgment 1701
of Paris,Sieg der opera bufifa in three acts, text by Calzabigi
ib., ;
SchOnheit (iber die Helden, opera, Berlin, adapted by Coltellini, music by Mozart,
1706 Roxane, opera, ib., 170G (with Strieker first represented at Munich, Jan. 13, 1775.
;
and Volumier). — Ft'tis ; Grove ; Mendel ;

—Holmes, Life of M., 89.
Allgcm. d. Biogr., vii. 16. FINTA SEJIPLICE, LA, Italian opera
FINI, :\nCHELE, born Naples in in buffa in three acts, text by Coltellini, mu-
the first years of the 18th century. Dra- sic by Mozart, written at Vienna in 17G8,
matic composer. Works Operas: Pericca — but never represented.
et Varrone, Venice, 1731 Gli sjjonsali d' ; FIOCCHI, MNCENZO, born in Rome in
Enea, ib., 1831 I dei birbi, ib., 1732.
; 1767, died in Paris in 1845. Dramatic
— Fetis Mendel. ; composer, pupil at the Conservatorio della
FINK, CHRISTIAN, born at Dettingen, Pieti de' Turchini, Naples, under Fenaroli.
Wiirtemberg, Aug. 9, 1831, still bring, 1889. Choron says he was organist of St. Peter's,
Organist, pupil at the Conservatorium in Rome, but left there at the time of politi-
Leipsic (1853-55), and of Johann Schneider cal troubles, and went to Paris in 1802 ;
in Dresden, then lived in Leipsic until he had then wTitteu about 16 opei-as, which
18G0, when he was called to Esslingen as ai-e now forgotten. He published, with
principal instructor of music at the seminary, Choron, Principes d'accompagnement des
and as music director and organist at the ecoles d'ltalie (1807). In Paris he brought
Metropolitan Church. In 1862 the title of out the operas Le valet de deus maitres,
:
professor was conferred on him. He has Theatre Feydeau. 1802 Sophocle, Ac.ido- ;
published a considerable mie Imp»'riaie de ilusique, 1811. He after-

number of sonatas,
fugues, preludes, trios, etc., for the organ wards wrote several comic operas, which
;
Psalms, motets, and other church music were not perfonned. Other works L' :
also pianoforte pieces, and songs. —

Rie- Addio d' Ettore, cantata, 1797 Piraino e ;
maun. Tisbe, do. Francesca d' .iiimino, do. Aoi, ; ;

FIOCCO
cantatille. — Futis ; do., Supploniciit, i. 333 ;
FIOCCO, PIETRO ANTONIO, born in
Memlel ; do., Ergiinz., lOG. Venice about the middle of the 17th century,
riOCCO, JEAN JOSEPH, born at Brus- died at Brussels, Nov. 3, 1714. Church
sels, died there about 1772. Composer of composer, settled at Brussels about 1C90,
oratorios, son and probably iûpi^ ^^ Pietro and was maitre de chapelle at Notre Dame du
Antonio Fiocco, whom be succeeded as Sablon then from 1G9G vice-maitre, and in
;
maitre de cbajêlle to tbe royal cbapel, and at 1706-14 maitre de la musique, to the court
Noti-e Dame du Sablon, Brussels ; held these of Brussels. Composed motets, masses, etc.,
offices still in 1749. His oratorios were cele- for the royal chapel, and under his direc-
brated, and were a new feature in the his- tion several very eifective performances were
tory of Netberlaud music. Works — Ora- given at the court, which consisted of relig-
torios : La tempesta performed ious dramas. His prologues set to music for
de' dolori,
1728 ; II Pentimento La morte Lulli's operas, performed at the court, are
d' Accabo ;
vinta sul Calvario, 1730 Giesii flagellato, also specially mentioned in the chronicles
;
1734 ;II transito di S. Giuseppe, 1737 of the time none of these pieces have sur-
; ;
Le profezie evangeliche di Isaia, 1738. His vived. The most important were the pro-
—
church compositions are numerous. Biog. logues to Amadis (1G95), Acis et Galatee
nat. de Belgique, vii. 72 Van der Straeten, (1695), Belk'rophon (1G9G), Tlu'see (1697).
;
ii. 132-137 v. 149-153 Mendel, Ergiinz., He was made director of the Royal Acad-
; ;
107. emy of Music, Brussels, founded by the

FIOCCO, JOSEPH HECTOR, born in Electoral Duke of Bavaria, in 1704. His
Brussels about 1G90, died after 1752. church music was played at Sainte-Gudule
Harpsichord player, son and puj)il of Pietro until the last part of the 18th century. Pub-
Antonio Fiocco. He was vice-maitre of the lished flute sonatas. Biog. nat. de Belgi- —
ro3\al chapel in 1729, and became maitre de que, vii. 71 Van der Straeten, ii. 127-132, ;
chapelle of the cathedral, Antwerp, in 1731, 176 iv. 293 v. 148 Fetis Becker, Die ; ; ; ;
but resigned in 1737, to assume the same Tonwerke des xvi. und xvii. Jahrh.
function at Saiute-Gudule, Brussels. Both FIODO, VINCENZO, born at Tarauto,
Joseph Fiocco and his celebrated father Naples, Sept. 2, 1782, died at Naples in
mark a special epoch in the musical his- 1863. Dramatic, and church composer,
tory of the Netherlands. Joseph Hector's pupil of Sala and Paisiello at the Conserva-
book of harpsichord pieces entitled Pieces torio de' Turchini, Naples. In 1812 he
de claveij'in dediues a son Altesse Mon- settled at Pisa to teach vocal music, but
seigneur le due d'Arenberg, etc. (Brussels, afterwards is said to have given uj) his pro-
between 1730-1737), is the oldest collection fession for a mercantile career until 1820,
of the kind in existence. Van der Straeten about which time he returned to Naples,
gives an interesting account of this work and to music, becoming maesti'o di cappella
and of the progress of music at the court of in difi'erent convents and churches. In
Brussels, then one of the most brilliant 184G he was appointed inspector of the ex-
courts of Europe. Among this composer's ternal schools of the Conservatorio, and in
church music is a Mass to St. Cecilia 1858 professor at that institution. "Works
(1752), and many other masses (Amsterdam, Operas II di.sertore, Rome, 1808 —
II : ;
Antwerp, 1730). His music was long in use trioufo di Quinto Fabio, Parma, 1809 Ci- ;
in the Cathedral of Antwerp, and was played ro, Florence, 1810 Giuseppe riconosciuto, ;
at the Concerts Spirituels in Paris some of oratorio Requiem mass for 2 choruses and
; ;
his MSS. are in the National Library, Paris. 2 orchestras 2 do. for 3 choruses and 3 or- ;
— Biog. nat. de Belgique, vii. 73 Fetis chestras Many other religious composi-
; ; ;
Van der Straeten, ii. 95 iv. 293. ; tions.— Fetis do.. Supplement, i. 333. ;
FIORAVANTI
FIORAVANTI, VALENTINO, born in foresta d' Hermannstadt, ib., 1812 ; D cia-
Rome, November, 1770, clied at Capua, battino, ib., 1813 Inganni ed amore, ib., ;
Juno 10, 1837. Dramatic composer, pupil at 1814 Enrico IV. al passo della ilarna, ;
the Couservatorio della Pietu tie' Turcliiiii, Rome, 1818; Paolina e Suzetta, Naples,
Naples, under Sala. His first opera was 1819 La moglie di due mariti, ib., 1820 ;
;
represented at the Pergola, Florence, in Ogni eccesso e vizioso, ib., 1823.— Fetis ;
1791, and was followed by about fifty others, Grove Larousse Mendel Biog. gt-n., ; ; ;
all comic. In 180G he was invited to Paris, xviii. 723.

and produced there, Sept. 20, 1807, an FIOIUVANTI, VINCENZO, born in
opera buffa in two acts. In 181G he suc- Rome, April 5, 1799, died in Naples, March
ceeded Jannaconi as maestro di cappclla at 28, 1877. Dramatic composer, son of Va-
St. Peter's, Rome, but his church music was lentino Fioravanti and pupil of Jannaconi
inferior to his operas. Like other Italian and of Donizetti In 1833 he was maestro
composers Fioravanti, though pojiular in di cappella of a church in Naples, and later
his day, was eclipsed by Rossini. Works music director at the Albergo de' Poveri
Operas : Con i matti il savio la perde, rep- there. Like his father, he wrote many
resented atLa Pergola,
Florence, 1791 buffo operas, in the first of which, given in
Amor aguzza about 1792
1' ingegno, L' ; Naples in 1819, the great bas.so Lablache
amorc immaginario, 1793 L' astuta, 1793 ;
;
made his di'but. Works — Operas La pul-
:
La cantatrice bizzarra, about 1793 II furbo ; cinella molinara, Naples, 1819 ; La pa.sto-
contra il furbo, Turin, 1795 Lc cantatrici ; rella rapita, ib., 1820 ; II sarcofago scozzese,
villane, Turin, 1795— Paris, 180G, 1842; ib., 1820 ; Robinson Crusoe, ib., about
Lisetta e Giannino, Naples, 1795 ; II fabro 1825 ; Colombo alia scoperta delle Indie,
parigino, ililan, 1796 ; Gli amanti comici, ib., about 1830 H foUetto Lnnaraorato,
;
Milan, 1796 ; La capricciosa peutita, Turin, about 1830 and many others, a full list of
;
1797 ;L' innocente ambizione, Venice, which is given in Pougin's supplement to

1797 R matrimonio per magia, Naples,
; Fetis. He wrote also two omtorios Scilla, :
1797 La fortunata combinazione, about

; and R sacrifizio di Jefte. Fi-tis, iii. 256 — ;
1798 L' inganno cade sopra 1' ingaunatore,

; do.. Supplement, i. 333 Larousse Mendel, ; ;
about 1799 R bello place a tutti, about

; 534; Ergiinz., xii. 831.
iii.
1800 I viaggiatori ridicoli, Naples, 1800

; ;
FIOR
D" ALIZ.V, opt'ra-coniique in four
La schiava fortunata, about 1800 ; R vil- acts and seven tableaux, text by Hippolyte
lano in angustie, Naples, 1801 ; Amor e dis- Lucas and Michel Carrv, music by Victor
petto, Milan, 1802 ; I raggiri ciarlataneschi, ilasse, represented at the Op^'ra Coniique,
Naples, 1802 ; L' orgoglio avvilito, Milan, Paris, Feb. 5, 1866. The subject of the
1803 La schiava di due padroni, Milan,
; libretto is from Lamartine's romance,
1803 II giudizio di Paride, about 1803
; ;
" Graziella." The cast was as follows :
Le avventuro di Bertoldino, Rome, 1803 ;

Fior d' Aliza . . Mme Vandeuheuvel-Dujirez.
I puntigli per equivoco, Naples, 1804 La ;
ilnie Galli-Mario.
Piccinina
bella Carbouara, about 1804 L' Africano ;
Gironimo M. .Vchard.
generoso, 1804 Adelson e Salvina, 1804 L'
; ;
Le moine M. Crosti.
avai'o, 1804 L" amor per iuterezza, about
;
1805 L' ambizione pentita, about 1805

; FIORE, STEFANO ANDREA, born in
Semplicita ed astuzia, Naples, 1806 Vir- ; Milan, close of the 17th century. Conqios-
tuosi ambulanti, Paris, 1807 Lo sposo che ; er, maestro di capjiella to the King of Sjir-
piti accommoda, Naples, about 1808 Ca- ; dinia member of the .\ccademia Filarmo-
;
milla, 1810 Adelaide e Comingio, Milan,

; nica, Bologna. Quautz knew him in Tu-
1810; Raoul di Crequi, Naples, 1811 La ; rin, in 1726, where he enjoyed a brilliant
FIOEILLO
reputation. His XII Senate da cliiesa a FIORDsI, IPPOLITO, born iu Ferrara
duo and bis ojjera H peutimeuto about 1540, died about 1612. Madrigal
violiui,
generoso (1719), are Lis best compositions. and church composer, suniamed 1' Angio-
-Fetis Mendel. ; letto composer and maestro di cappella to
;
FIORILLO, FEDEEIGO, born in Bruns- Alfonso II., Duke of Ferrara. He pub-

wick in 1753, died lished chui'ch music and collections of son-
after 1823. Vio- nets and madrigals. His madrigals are in
linist, son of Igna- Lauro Verde (1586).— Fetis Schilling Men- ; ;
zio Fiorillo. He del.

went to Poland in FIOEONI, GIOVANNI ANDREA, born
1780, conducted a in Pavia, 1704, died iu Milan, 1779. Church
band at Riga, composer, pupil in Naples of Leo for fifteen
1783-85, went to years maestro di ; cappella at Como, and
Paris and was subsequently of the Cathedral of Milan,
heard at the Con- where his compositions are preserved. He
certs Sjjirituels iu 1785, and in 1788 went to had many celebrated jjupils, Zucchinetti,
London, where he played the viola iu Salo- Bonesi, and others. Fetis Mendel "VVurz- — ; ;
mon's quartet-party. His last appearance baeh.

iu London was in 1794 he went thence to
; FISCHER, ADOLPH, born at Ucker-
Amsterdam and was iu Paris in 1823, after miinde, Pomerauia, June 23, 1827, still
which nothing is known of him. Of all his living, 1889. Organist, first instructed in
works, that entitled Etudes de violon has Berlin by Elssler in singing, then at the
survived as a classical work, of great service Royal Institute for Church Music pupil of
to students. It is composed of 36 caprices, A. W. Bach on the organ, of Killitschgy on
which are equal to the classical studies of the pianoforte, and of Grell iu counterpoint;
Eode and Kreutzei*. They have been pub- finally (1850-51), of Rungenhagen and Grell
lished lately by Ferdinand David which he received the
(Leijjsic), in composition, for
after many previous editions. Meanwhile he had already
His other grand medal.
music consists of duos for violins, for pi- acted as organist for several years, and in
anoforte and violin Quartets, quintets, 1853 went as chief organist and conductor
;
concertos, etc., of which Fetis gives a list. of the Singakademie at Fraukfort-on-the

— Fetis Mendel Grove Larousse.
; ; ; Oder. In 1865 he received the title of
FIOEILLO, IGN.\ZIO, born in Naples, royal director of music, and iu 1870 was
May 11, 1715, died at Fritzlar, Hesse, June, called to Breslau as first organist of the
1787. Dramatic composer, pupil at the Elizabethkirche. In 1880 he established
Conservatorio, Naples, under Leo and Du- there the Silesiau Conservatorium, which is
rante. He brought out his first opera, at steadily growing. At the exjsositiou in
Venice in 1736, became Hofkapellmeister in Paris, 1867,he won the applause of Auber
Brunswick in 1754, and Kapellmeister iu and Rossini as a virtuoso on the oi-gan.
Cassel in 1762. In 1780 he retired to Fritz- Three symphonies of his composition have
lar. Works —
Operas Mandane, opera seria,
:
been performed several times with success ;
given at Venice, 1736 Ai-tamene, Milan,

; he has published motets, songs, and organ
1738 H vincitor di se stesso, ib., 1741
;
;
music. —
Mendel, Ergiinz., 488.
Diana ed Endimione, Cassel, 1763 Arta- ; FISCHER, ANTON, born at Ried, Sua-
serse, ib., 1765 Nitteti, ib., 1770
; Andro- ; bia, in 1777, died in Vienna, Dec. 1, 1808.
meda, ib., 1771; Isacco, oratorio; 3 Te Dramatic composer, pupil of an elder brother
Deum ; Requiem.— Fetis ; Mendel ; La- in Augsburg went to Vienna, where he be-
;
rousse ; Eiemann. came Kapellmeister in the Josejohstildter

FISCHER
Tlieater, and from 1800 in the Schikaneder became Kapellmeister at Schwerin in 1701
Theater. His works arc in tlie style popu- having filled this position for a few years,
lar in Vienna in his time, and show httle he went north and, after sojourns at Copen-
originality. Works Operas and operettas — hagen and Stockholm, entered the service
Lunara, Kimigin des Palmenhaius, Vienna, of the Margrave of Schwedt in Pomerania.
1802 Die arme Familie, about IHOO Die
; ; He composed overtures, dances, madrigals,
Entlarvten, ib., 1804 Die Scheidewand, ib., ; solos, and variations for violin ami viola,
1803 Die Verwandlungen, 1804 Der tra-
; ; songs, etc.— Fctis ; ilendel ; Schilling.
vestirte Aeneas Das Hausgesinde, 1805 ; ;
FISCHER, JOH.iNN CHRISTIAN, born
Swetard's Zauberthal Das Singspicl auf at Freiburg in the Breisgau in 1733, died
;
dem Dache Die Festung an der Elbe Das in London, April 20, 1800. Virtuoso on
; ;
llilchmiidcheu von Bercy Theseus und Ari- the oboe, was a member of the Drestlen
;
adne, a pantomime Der wohlthiitige Ge- court orchestra in 17G0

; visited Italy in ;
nius A children's operetta Two cantatas. 17G5 went to England in 1768, and be-
; ; ;
^Mondel Fetis Schilling. ; came a member of the Queen's band. In

;
FISCHER, FERDINAND, born at Bruns- 1786 he made a concert tour in Germany,

wick in 1723, died there iu 180.5 (?). Vio- and in 1790 settled in Loudon. He was
linist, travelled Germany and Holland, one of the best performers on his instru-
in
and became court and city musician at ment of the last centuiy, and a minuet by
Brunswick, whither he rctumcd in 1761. him has been made famous by Mozart's va-
Works G trios for violins (Brunswick, riations on it. There is a fine portrait of
:
17G3) G symphonies for nine instruments him at Hampton Court, by Gainsborough,

;
(ib., 17G5) (juartets for two violins, viola, whose daughter Mary he married. Works
; (i :
and bass ; Cantata for wind instruments 10 hautboy concertos Quartets for tlute, ;
(1800); Concerto for do. (1803).—Fetia violin, viola, and violoncello 6 ducts for ;
Mendel ; Schilling. two flutes 10 flute solos a concerto and

; ;
FISCHER, GOTTFRIED E:\IIL, born in a rondo for pianoforte— Mendel Fetis ; ;
Berlin, Nov. 28, 1701, die.l there, Feb. 14, Grove.

1841. Vocal composer, pupil of Zelter in FISCHER, JOHANN GOTTFRIED, born
1810-13, was professor of mathematics at at Naundorf, near Freiberg, Saxony. Sept.
the Royal School of War in 1817-2.5, and 13, 1751, died at Freiberg, Sept. 7, 1821.
from 1818 instructor of vocal music at Church composer, studied at Leipsic, be-
the Grey Convent. He composed motets, came organist of St. Andrew's at Eisleben
chorals, songs, and melodies to von der in 1777, and director of music at Freiberg
Hageu's Miunesiinger, was a contributor to in 1790. Works Andante with variations :
the Allgemeine musikalische Zeitung, and for pianoforte Caprice for do.; 6 fugues for ;
wrote a treatise on singing. Mendel. —

organ and pianoforte Pater noster for sev- ( ;
FISCHER, JOHANN,' born Suabia eral voices Two oratorios for Good Friday
iu ; ;
about 1G50, died at Schwedt, Pomerauia, Psalms, and many other pieces of church
about 1720. Virtuoso on the violin and music— Fetis; Gerber, N. Lex.; Mendel;
instrumental composer, pupil in composi- Schilling.
tion of Kapellmeister Cajn-icornus at Stutt- FISCHER, JOHANN KASPAR FERDI-
gart, then in Paris much influenced l)y N.\ND, born about 1G72, died (?1. One of
Lulli, he copied music.

for whom the best pianists of his time. Kapellmeister
He
seems afterwards to have travelled was to the Margrave of Baden about 1720.
;
employed Church in the of the Bwefooted Works Le journal du printcnij^, airs and
:
Friars at Augsburg in 1(>81, and, after long ballets for five parts, and trumpot.>«, op. 1
wanderings through Germany and Courland, (Augsburg, 1696) Das musikalische Blu- ;
FISCHER
menbiischlein bestehend in 8 Particn uiul ceeded in 1859. His songs and choral
einer variirteii Arie, op. 2 Psalini vespertiiii works, but especially his male choruses,
;
pro toto anno, etc., op. 3 (ib., 1701) ; Ariadne have won him great reputation in Germanj'.
iimsica, etc. (ib., 1710) ; Der musikaliscbe — Mendel ; Riemanu.
Parnassus (ib., 1738) Preludia et fuga?pro ; FISCHER, MICHAEL GOTTHARDT,
organo per 8 tonos ecclesiasticos (ib.). Fe- — born at Alach, near Erfurt, June 3, 1773,
tis Gerber, N. Lex. Mendel.
; ; died there, Jan. 12, 1829. Organist, pupil
FISCHER, JOSEPH, born in Vienna in at Erfurt of Johanu Christian Kittel, the
1780, died at Mannheim in October, 1862. last discijile of Sebastian Bach. Having
Basso and vocal composer, sou and pujîl of lived for a short time at Jena, ho was re-
the famous basso Ludwig Fischer (17J;5- by Baron Dalberg in 1790 called to Erfurt
182.5) and of Barbara Fischer, born Strasser. Church of as Conzertmeister, organist at the
Having first appeared in concerts in Berlin, the Barefooted Friars, and conductor of the
he obtained an engagement at the theatre winter concerts. Afterwards he became
in Mannheim in 1801, then at Cassel in organist at the Predigerkirche, and in 1816
1803, and two years after started on a professor of thorough bass and the organ
concert tour for Paris, then through Ger- at the seminary. Works Two quartets :
many to Italy, where he spent the greater for violins, viola, and violoncello, op. 1
part of his life as singer and im^Jresario in (Offenbach, 1799) Symphony in C, for ; ;
the latter capacity he was last in Palermo, 14 parts (Hamburg, Lau) Grand sonata ;
whence he retired to Mannheim. Ho pub- for pianoforte, op. 3 (Erfurt, Rudolj)hi) ;
lished ten or twelve books of songs.- Fctis —

12 organ pieces, dedicated to Kittel, op. ;
Mendel Schilling.
; i (ib., 1802) 4 symphonies for 11 and ;
FISCHER, KARL AUGUST, born at 14 parts, op. 5, 9, 13, 19 Quartet for pi- ;
Ebersdorf, near Chemnitz, Saxony, in 1829, anoforte, viola, and bass, op. 6 (Leipsic,
still living, 1889. Dramatic and instru- Breitkopf & Hiirtel) Quintet for two violins, ;
mental composer, and one of the most emi- two violas, and bass, op. 7 (ib.) Concerto for ;
nent organists of the present time pupil of bassoon and orchestra, op. 8 (ib.) Concerto
;
;
Anacker at Freiberg, made extensive con- for clarinet, or oboe, and bassoon, op. 11
cert tours in 1852-55, and became organist Caprices, rondos, and exercises for piano-
of the orphanage and English churches at forte Five motets Four arias for chorus in ; ;
Dresden. Works : Loreley, oj)era ; Festi- four parts ; Evangelisches Choral-]\Ielodien-

val mass ; Four symphonies
for organ with buch Eight chorals with accompanying ;
orchestra Three concertos for organ Two canons, for organ Twelve songs with piano-
; ; ;
suites for orchestra Compositions for vio- forte About fifty works for the organ, many
; ;
lin and organ, and for violoncello and or- of which are still in use. Futis Mendel — ;
gan. —
Mendel Itlemann. ; Schilling.
FISCHER, KARL
LUD^MG, born at FISCHETTI, MATTEO LUIGI, born at
Kaiscrslauteru, Bavaria, in 181G, died at Martina-Franca, Italy, Feb. 28, 1830, died at
Hanover, Aug. 15, 1877. Violinist, pupil Naples, December, 1887. Pianist and dra-
of Eichhorn at Mannheim in composition, matic composer, pupil of Michele Cerimele
having appeared successfully in public at on the pianoforte, of Raejntroph, Petrella,
the age of eight. He was musical director Moretti, Lillo, and Pappalardo, in harmony
at the theatres in Treves, Cologne, Aix-la-and composition taught the pianoforte and ;
Chapelle, Nuremberg, and Wiirzburg, Ka- published about 200 pieces for that instru-
pellmeister at Mainz in 1847-52, then at ment. Other works Operas Aida di Sca- — :
the royal theatre in Hanover assistant Ka- fati, Naples, 1873 La Sorrentina, ib., 1873 ; ;
pellmeister with Marschner, whom he suc- Uu' altra figlia di Madama Angot, ib., Teatro
FISCimOF
Mercatlante, 1874 ; —
Vocal melodies. Fetis, Becoming interested in Covent (ianlen Tlie-
Supplement, i. ;i:!5 ;Mendel, Ergiinz., 105. atre through his marriage with a daughter
FLSCHHOF, JOSEF, born at Butscho- of Powell the actor, he turne<l his attention
witz, Moravia, April -1, composition. He was given
1804, died in Vi- to dramatic
enna, June 28, 1857. PianiHt, pupil in Vi- the degree of Mus. Doc. at Oxford in 1777,
enna of Anton Halm, on the pianoforte, and on the performance there of his oratorio.
of Ignaz vou Seyfried in composition soon Providence. On the death of his wife he
;
became one of the favorite pianoforte made a professional tour through Russia
teachers in Vienna, and in 1833 was ap- and Germany, and in Vienna in 1784 mar-
pointed professor at the Conservatorium. ried the singer Anna Selina Storace, but ho
He published also several literary works on so ill-treated her that she left him, and the
music. His compositions consist of rondos, Emperor ordered Fi-sher to quit his domin-
fantasias, variations, dances, and marches ions. Works Operas The Monster of — :
for pianoforte Variations for flute with the Wood, London, 1772 The Sylphs, ib.,
; ;
pianoforte, guitar, and quartet String 1774 Prometheus, 177G

; The Norwood ; ;
quartet Songs, etc.

; Fetis —
Mendel Mo- G}-psies, 1777 Music for the opening of
; ; ;
natsehrift fiir Theater und Musik (Vienna, Macbeth Symphonies Concertos for pi- ; ;
1857), iii. 4(!0. anoforte and oboe Canzonets Violin and ; ;
FISCHIETTI, DOMEXICO, bom in Na- flute music. Grove Fetis ^lendel. — ; ;
ples in 1729 (1725?), died at Salzburg after FISSOT, ALEXIS HENRY, born at Ai-
1810. Dramatic composer, jiupil at the raines (Somme), Oct. 24, 1843, still living,
Conservatorio di San Onofi-io. He went to 1889. Pianist and organist, pupil at the
Dresden in 17GG, and his first mass was Conservatoire, Paris, of Marmontel for pi-
given there in that year. Subsequently anoforte, Beuoist for organ, Bazin for har-
the Archbishop of Salzburg appointed him mony, and of Ambroise Thomas for counter-
his Kapellmeister. Works —
Operas: L'Ab- point and fugue. He won the 1st pianoforte
bate Collaroue, given at Naples, 1749 II prize in 1855, 1st prize for fugue and organ ;
finto fratello Solimano, Naples, 1753 Lo in 1859, and many other prizes. He be-
; ;
speziale (with Pallavicini), Venice, 1755 II came one of the best organists and pianists ;
ritorno di Londra, Naples, 175G 11 Signor in Paris is organist of Saint-Vinccnt-de-

; ;
Dottore, ib., 1758; II Siface, ib., 17G1 H Paul. His pianoforte compositions are nu- ;
mercato di Malmantile, Dresden, about merous and popular. Fetis, Supplement, —

17G6; La niolinara, Naples, 17G8 Ariana i. 33G. ;
e Teseo, Dresden, 17G9 ; Nitteti, Naples, fitzwillia:\i, edward francis,

1770 ; Los metamorphoses born at Deal, England, in 1824, died in
d' amour, inter-
mezzo. —
Fi'tis jSIcndel. ; London, Jan. 20, 1857. He became in 1853
FISH, WILLIA:M, born in Norwich, Eng- director of music at the Haymarket Thea-
land, in 1775, died about 18G3 or 18G4. tre, London, where he produced an oper-
Violinist in the theatre at Norwich, then etta. Love's Alarms, and the music of sev-
principal oboist in the theatre, and leader eral minor pieces. He published a Te
of the band at concerts. Composed songs, Deum, four four-part songs (1855), hymns,
glees, and concertos for various instruments. etc. — Grove.
— Grove. FIX'D IN HIS EVERLASTING SKVT.
FISHER, JOHN ABR.VHAÎ, bom at double chorus in D major in Handel's Sam-
Dunstable, England, 1744, died (V). Violin- .so», Part n.
istand dramatic composer, pupil on the vio- FLACCO:inO, giovannt pietro.
lin ofPinto made his first appearance in born at Milazzo in Sicily, died in Turin in
;
17G5 in a concert at the King's Theatre. 1G17. Priest and church composer, macs-
FLADT
tro de cappella to Pliilip III., of Spain. He FLl5CHli;, JEAN ANDRI5, born at Mar-
published ;i collection of sacred music. — Fc- seilles, April 23, 1779, died (?). Dramatic
tis ; Gerber ; Jleudel ; Wulther ; Viotta. composer ; was jirivate secretary to Jerome
FLADT (Flad), ANTON, born chamberlain when King
iu Maun- Bonaparte, and his
beira in 1775, died in Municli, June 14, of Westphalia. He went with him to Ca.s-
1850. Oboist, pupil of Friedricb Eamra sel, and produced there in 1811 an opera,
in Munich, where he succeeded Lebruu iu Le troubadour. He wrote also music for
the court orchestra in 1790. After many the pianoforte and violin, and romances for
concert tours in Germany, Italy, France, and the viola. — Mendel.
Ft'tis ;
England, he returned to his Munich posi- FLEDERMAUS, DIE (The Bat), German
tion, from which he did not retire until operetta in three acts, text by Haffner and
18-1'2. Works 3 concertinos for oboe and
: Richard Genee, music by Johanu Strauss,
orchestra 8 allemandes and 4 waltzes for
; first represented in Vienna, and at the
two flageolets 24 minor pieces for do.
; Friedrich-Wilhelmstildtisches Theater, Ber-
— Mendel Fetis Grove.; ; lin,July, 1874. The libretto is an adaptation
FLATT'RING TONGUE, soprano air, in of Meilhac and Halevy's Le Reveillou. A
B-flat, of Esther in Handel's Esther, Part HI. French version, text by Delacour and
FLAVIO (Flavins), Italian ojiera in three Wilder, music partly from Die Fledermaua
acts, text by Nicolo Francesco Haym, music and partly from Strauss's Cagliostro, with
by Handel, first represented at the King's some additions, was given in Paris, at the
Theatre, London, May 14, 172:5. This Theatre de la Renaissance, Oct. 30, 1877,
work, noted for the beauty of its melodies, under the title. La tzigane. Hanslick, —
was sung with great success by Senesino, Moderne Oper, 338.
Cuzzoni, Durastanti, and Mrs. Anastasia FLT5GIER, ANGE, born in Marseilles,
Robinson. It contains a quintet, said to be Feb. 22, 184G, still living, 1889. Dramatic
the first scenic quintet ever comjiosed. composer, pupil at the Marseilles, and in
Characters represented Flavio, Guido, 1866 at the Paris Conservatoire, where he
:
Emilia, Teodata, Vitige, Ugoue, Lotario. studied under Bazin and Ambroise Thomas.
The opera was revived in 1732, but without In 1870 he settled in Marseilles. Works
success. The MS., in Buckingham Palace, Fatma, opera- comique in one act, text by
is dated at the end, May
Published Devoisin, given at the Grand Theatre at
7, 1723.
first by Walsh ; full score by Hiindelgesell-
Marseilles, April, 1875 Fraujoise de Ri- ;
schaft (Leipsic, 1875). —

Rockstro, Handel, mini, cantata Overtures Choruses Songs, ; ; ;
139 Schoelcher, Handel, 70, 90

; Chry- etc. Fetis Supplement, i. 336 Mendel, ; — ; ;
sander, ii. 96. Ergilnz., sii. 109.

FLECHA (Fleccia), MATTHAEUS, born FLEISCHER, FRIEDRICH GOTTLOB,
in Prades, Spain, died at the Benedictine born at Ciitheu, Anhalt, Germany, Jan. 14,
Abbey of Solsona, Feb. 20, 1604. A Car- 1722, died at Brunswick, April 4, 1806.
melite monk, he became maestro de cajiilla Pianist, organist, and dramatic and instru-
to the Emperor Charles V., and, after the mental composer, was appointed chamber
abdication of that monarch, lived in monas- musician at Brunswick in 1747, and after-
teries in Hungary and Bohemia. He re- wards became there also organist at the
turned to Sjjain in 1559, and i-etired to the Church of Sts. Martin and Egidius, and
Convent of Solsona. Works Motets, court pianist. He had the reputation of
:
psalms, and other church music. He was being one of the greatest pianists of Bach's
the author of a treatise, " Libro de Musica school. Works Das Orakel, opera, 1771 : ;
de Punto " (Prague, 1581).— Fc'tis, iii. 270 Music to the drama Comala Cantatas ;
;
Sujiplement, i. 336 ; Mendel ; Viotta. (Brunswick, 1760) ; Minuets and polonaises

FLEISCIIMANN
for pianoforte (ib.) ; Sonatas for do. ; Odes Fitzball in turn probably derived the ground-
for solo voice with pianoforte (ib., 175G). work of his plot from a story iu Blackwoo<l'H
— Fi'tis ; Mendel ; Schilling. Magazine of May, 1821, entitled " Vauder-
FLEISCHiLiNN, FKIEDRICH, bom decken's Mes.sage Home or, The Tenacity
at ;
Heidenfeld, near Wiirzburg, Bavaria, Julj' of Natural AfTection." The touching denoue-
18, 17(JG, died at Meiniugen, Nov. 30, 171)8. ment, however, which Wagner adopted, is
Instrumental and vocal composer, self- Heine's own. In 1810 Wagner submitted
taught became secretary to the Duke of sketches for a libretto on this theme to
;
Meiningen in 1781), and director of tlie Loon Pillet, director of the Paris Opi'ra,
court orchestra in 1790. "Works Die Geis- with the proposal that a French text should
:
terinsel, opera, 179G Several sj'mphonies; be prepared for him to set to music. Wag-
;
Pieces for military band Concertos for pi- ;
anoforte ; Syniphonie coucertunte for do.

and violin Variations, songs, ; etc. — Fetis
Mendel Schilling. ;
FLEUR DE THE, opi'ra-bouffe in three

acts, text bj' Chivot and Duru, music by
Charles Leeocq, represented at the Athenoe,
Paris, April 11, 18G8. Sung by Desire,
Leonce, Sylter, and Allies L-ma Marie and
Lucie Cabel.
FLEURS DES LANDES (Moorland
Flowers), 5 melodies for one or two voices
and chorus with pianoforte accompaniment,
on words bj' A. de Bouclon, ICmile Des-
champs, and Briseux, by Hector Berlioz, op.
13. L Le matin (Morning) IL Petit oi- ;
seau (Little Bird) HI. Le trObuchet (The ;
Trap) IV. Lo jeune patre bretou (The

;
Young Bretou She2)herd) V. Le chant des ;
bn'tons (Breton Song). Published in 1850

by Richault, Paris. The following are pub- Max Stsgemann, at 0*( Flitganda Hollandar,
lished separately, with French and German
text Le matin, Le trt'buchet, by Mechetti, ner subsequently sold his rights for 500
:
Vienna Le putre bn'ton, full score by Ri- francs to Pillet, who had a libretto pre-
;
chault. —
Jullien, Hector Berlioz (1888), 378. pared by Feucher and Revoil, with music by
FLIEGENDE HOLLANDER, DER(The Pierre Louis Philippe Dietsch, then chorus-
Flying Dutchman), romantic opera in three master at the Opera. The result was Le
acts, text and music by l{ichard Wagner, vaisseau fantome (The Phantom Ship), iu
first represented in Dresden, Jan. 2, 1813. two acts, which was produced at the Aca-
The subject is from Heinrich Heine's di'mie Royale de Musique, Nov. 1), 1842. In
"Memoiren des Herru von Schuabele wop- the meantime, Wagner made of the story a
ski," in which the imaginary hero witnesses (iermau libretto aud set it to music. It
a play about the " Ahasuerus of the Ocean" was originally intended for one act only,
iu an Amsterdam theatre, though Heine but was subsequently cut into three. Wag-
got the outlines of the story from an Eng- ner himself conducted the first perfonu-
lish play by Fitzball, which he witnessed in auce, which, though not a failure, was not
1827 at the Adelphi Theatre in London. very satisfactory. The work was produced
FLIXTOFT
at Cassel, June 5, 1843, by Spolir, who
Drama, i. 189 Liszt, Gesamml. Schr., iii. b,
rec- ;
ogiiizecl its merits, but it147 Wagner, Gesamml. Schr., v. 205, 228.
failed in Berlin ;
and in Munich, where it was given in 1865. FLINTOFT, LUKE, born in latter half
It was represented in London at Drury of 17th century, died in Loudon (?), Nov.
Lane, 1870, in an Italian version, L' ollan- 3, 1727. He was priest-vicar of Lincoln
dese dannato at the Lyceum, 1876, in Cathedral in 1704-14, gentleman of the
;
English, as the Flying Dutchman and at Chapel Royal in 1715, and reader in White-
;
C'ovent Garden, 1877, in Italian, as 11 va- hall Chapel in 1719. His double chant in
scello fantasma. It was given in English in G minor being the earliest known, he has
New York in 1886 and again in 1887. The the credit of inventing that form of compo-
Flying Dutchman is the commander of a sition. — Grove.
mysterious vessel doomed to sail the seas FLITNER (Flittner), JOHANN, born at
until he is loved by a maiden who will be Suhla, Heuneberg, Nov. 1, 1618, died in Stral-
faithful unto death. He puts into a port sund, Jan. 7, 1678. He studied theology
at the same time with a Norwegian vessel, and music, became a chorister at Grimmen,
whose captain, Daland, invites him to his near Greifswald, in 1644, preacher there in
house. There he meets Senta, Daland's 1646, and deacon in Stralsund. Some of
daughter, who, though affianced to Erik, is his chorals are still in use. Works Himm- :
fascinated with the stranger and believes lisches Lustgiirtleiu (Greifswald, 1661), the
that it is her lot to rescue him from perdi- sixth iârt being entitled Suscitabulum mu-
tion. He, however, discovers her in an in- sicum, and containing, Ach, was soil ich
terview with Erik, concludes that she is not Siinder machen, and other chorals and
true to him, and decides to leave her. But songs. — Mendel ; Fetis ; Winterfeld, Der
as his vessel sails away Senta throws herself evaug. Kircheugesang, ii. 467.
from a cliff into the sea, thus proving con- FLOERSHEi:\I, OTTO, born in Ais-la-
stant even in death. The curse is removed, Chapelle, Germany,
the phantom shiji sinks, while the sea grows #»<-5- March 2, 1853, still liv-
calm, and the lovers are seen in the distance ing, 1889. He stud-
rising to happiness together. In the first .j^ mr^ Hs^' ietl the jiianoforte at
act, after the introductory sailors' chorus, the cHL '^mP Aix-la-Chapelle under
chief numbers are The helmsman's song,
:
^' ^ Wungmann and Laut-
" Mit Gewitter und Sturm," and the scena of mann, the organ under
the Dutchman, "Die Frist ist um." The Wiukelhaus, harmony
second act contains the siiinniug-song of the under Breunung, and
girls, " Summ' und brumm', du gutes Eild- comijosition at Co-
chen," and Senta's ballad, " Johohoe traft ! logne under Ferdi-
ihr das Schiff im Meere an," in which she nand Hiller. About 1875 he went to Amer-
tells the story of the Dutchman and closes ica, and since 1880 has been editor of The
;
with a superb duet between Senta and the Musical Courier, New York. He visits Eu-
Dutchman, " V,'ie aus der Feme," and a ter- rope frequently to attend important musi-
zetto with Daland. The third act opens cal performances, and to get information as
with a sailors' chorus, "
Steuermann, lass' to the general condition of musical affairs.
die Wacht." also a dramatic Works
It contains Orchestral Prelude and fugue, — :
duet between Senta and Erik, " Wass muss 1883 Alia Marcia, 1884 Consolation,
; ;
ich huren ? " and closes with chorus and a 1884 Scherzo, 1887 Elevation, for or-
; ;
trio between Senta, Daland, and the Dutch- chestra and organ, produced at the Milwau-
—
man. Hueffer, Richard Wagner and the kee Music Festival, 1886. Pianoforte :
Music of the Future Edwards, Lyrical Thi-ee Romances Fiua Elegy Wedding
;
; ; ;
FLOQUET
March ; German March ; Three Poetic ralbo, Rossane, Elmirn. The MS. score, in
Thoughts ; Lulhiby ; Valse gracieuse, and the Buckingham Palace collection, wants
other i)iaiioforte nuisic ; Songs. the last chorus and the date. The opera
FLOQUET, tTIENNE JOSEPH, bom was given in Hamburg in 1723, and revived
at Aix, Provence, Nov. 25, 1750, died in
in London, JIareh 3, 1733. It was pub-
Paris, May 10, 1785. Dramatic composer, lished first by Walsh full score by Hiin- ;
educated at tlie raaitrise de Saint-Sauveur delgesellschaft (Leipsic, 187G). Rockstro, —

of hi.s native town, wliere he wrote a motet Handel, 137 Schadcher, C9, 90 Chijsan- ; ;
at the age of eleven went to Paris in 1769, der, ii. 73.

;
obtained great success with his first dra- FLORIMO, FRANCESCO, bom at San
matic work, a ballet, in 1773, and soon
Giorgio Morgeto, Calabria, Oct. 12, 1800,
after
started for Italy, to study counterpoint un- still living, 1889. Church, instrumental, and
der Sala at Naples, and under Padre Mar- vocal composer, and distinguished writer on
tini at Bologna, where he was made a mem- music, pupil of Furno in harmony, of Ella
ber of the Accadeniia Filarmonica. After on the pianoforte, and of Zingarelli and
his return to Paris he was fairly successful Tritto in counterpoint and composition, at
with his operas, until vain enough to attempt the Real Collegio di Musica, Naples, of
the composition of Alceste, which was re- which he became librarian in 182G. Works
it Two cantatas
jected after one rehearsal, the grief over Two Masses Dixit Credo ; ; ; ;
impairing his health. L'union de Te Deum Overtures Funeral symphonj-

Works : ; ;
I'amour et des arts, ballet, given at the Several collections of songs (Milan and Na-
Academic Royale de Musique, 1773 Azolau, ples) Vocal method (Metodo di canto, in
; ;
ou leserment iudiscret, optra-ballet, ib., use at the Conservatorio, Naples). He is
1774 Hello, opera, ib., 1779 Le seigneur

; ; author also of : Cenno storico sulla Scuola
bienfaisant, ib., 17S0 La nouvelle Omphale, ; musicale di Napoli (Naples, 18G9-71) ; and
lyrical comedy. Theatre de la Comudie Ita- Riccardo Wagner ed Wagneristi (ib., i 187G).
lienne, 1782 Alceste Te Deum for two
; ; — Fi'tis ; do., Supplement, i. 337 ; Jlendel.
choruses and two orchestras. Fetis Men- — ; FLORINDO UND DAPHNE. See Dafne.
del ; Schilling. FLORIO, CARYL, born (William James
FLOR, CHIlfSTIAN, born in 1G26, died Robjohn) of English pai-entage, in Tavis-
at Neuenkirchen, Holstein, in 1G97. Or- tock, Devonshire, England, Nov. 3, 1843,
ganist, of great reputation, at the Church of still living, 1889. Organist and pianist,
St. John and Lambertus, Liineburg.
St. self-taught. In 1857 he went to America,
Of his compositions have been preserved : and in 1858-60 (under the name of Rob-
Several wedding-songs, with accompaniment john) was principal boy-soprano in Trinity
of two violins and basso continuo, and the Church, New York after his voice broke ;
choral, Auf nieiuen lieben Gott. — Fetis ;

he remained as assistant organist to Dr.
Mendel ; do., Ergiinz., 109. he became organist Henry S. Cutler ; later
FLORENTINISCHE-SINFONIE (Flor- in Trinity Church, Newport, R. L. and then
entine Symj)hony), for orchestra, by Joseph of a church in Momstown, N. J. At the
Rheinberger, written in 1870. close of this engagement he went on the
FLORIDANTE, Italian opera in three stage, appearing in the Western States. In
acts, text by Paolo Rolli, music by Handel, 1869 he returned to New York as solo bari-
first represented at the King's Theatre, tone in Ziou Church. Since then he has
London, Dec. was snug by been organist successively of St. Luke's
9, 1721. It
Senesino, Baldassari, Boschi, and Mrs. New Y'ork Mount Calvary, Bidtimore ;
Anastasia Robinson. Characters repre- Brick Church, New York Zion Church, ;
sented Floridaute, Oroute, Timaute, Co- New York

:
then returned to the Brick ;
FLOPtSCllilTZ
CliurcL, where he is at present (1889). returned in 1863, having meanwhile held

He has appeared as pianist quite often in the office of iutendant of court music at
New York, and has conducted orchestras Schwerin, to which the
and choruses both in New York and in Grand Duke of Meck-
Havana, Cuba. "Works Inferno, operetta, : lenburg appointed him
1871 LesToursde Mercure, operetta, 1872
; ;
in 1856. In 1868 he
Suzanne, operetta, 1S7G Gulda, opera, ; settled on an estate near
1879 Uncle Tom, opera, 1882, jiroduced in
; Vienna, spending his
Philadelphia 2 symphonies, No. 1 in G,
; winters alternately in
1887, No. 2 in C^ninor, 1887 (both per- that city, in Paris, and
formed by Theodore Thomas in New York, in Italy. His operas are
March 27, 1888) ; 2 overtures, occasional, distinguished for melo-
1874, triumphal, 1877 2 string quartets. ; dious invention, grace-
No. 1 in C, 1873, No. 2 in F, 187.1 i so- ful forms, and pleasing instrumentation ;
natas for ijianoforte and violin. No. 1 in A, on the whole, pre-eminently Italian in char-
1871, No. 2 in F minor, 1872, No. 3 in C, acter, more effective than deep he must ;
1884, No. 4 in G, 1885 Pianoforte concerto be esteemed the most popular rejjresen-
;
in A-flat, 1875-86 (performed in New York, tative of the lyric and comic opera in Ger-
March 27, 1888) ; 2 quartets for saxojDhones, many
since Kreutzer and Lortzing. He
1879 (performed in New composed also some overtures, chamber
Y'ork, April, 1880).
Two cantatas : Song of the Elements, 1872 music, and songs. "Works Pierre et Ca- :
(performed in Brooklyn, 1872) ; Bridal of therine, given at the Theatre de I'Hotel de

Triermain, 1886. Castellane, 1836 Seraphina, Chateau de ;
FLOKSCHUTZ, EUCHAKIUS, born at Royaumout, 1836 Die Bergknappen (The ;
Lauter, near Coburg, in 1757, died at Kos- Miners) Rob Roy, given at a chateau near ;
tock, Mecklenburg, 1820. Organist, num- Paris Le naufrage de la Meduse (with ;
bered among the most favourite instru- Pilati), Theatre de la Renaissance, 1839 (54
mental composers of the time, about 1780, times), and at Hamburg (under the title
and became organist of St. James's, Rostock, Die ]\Iatrosen, rewritten entii-ely by Flo-
after 1792. "Works Der Eichter und die tow), 1845 La duchesse de Guise, Theatre
:
;
Giirtneriu, operetta, given at Liibeck, 1792 Ventadour, 1840, and at Schwerin, 1841 ; ;
Sonatas for pianoforte (4 hands) Fugues Le forestier. Opera Comique, 1840, Vienna
;
for do. Duets and trios for violin and flute (under the title Der FOrster), 1847, London
; ;
—
Church music. Fetis Mendel Schilling. (as Leoline), 1848 L'esclave de Camoens,
; ; ;
FLOTOW, FRIEDPJCH, Freiherr YON, Opera Comique, 1843 Lady Harriet, ballet ;
born at Renteudorf, Mecklenburg, April 27, (with Burgmiiller and Deldevez), Opera,
1812, died at Darmstadt, Jan. 24, 1883. 1843 Alessandro Sfradella, Hamburg, Dec. ;
Dramatic composer, pupil of Reicha at the 30, .1844 TJihne en peine, Opera, 1846 ; ;
Conservatoire, Paris, returned to Mecklen- Martha, Vienna, Nov. 25, 1847 Die Gross- ;
burg at the outbreak of the July revolution, fiirstin, Berlin, 1850 Indra, Berlin and ;
but a few years later went again to Paris, Frankfort, 1853, Riga, 1855 Rubezahl, ;
where his fii'st dramatic efibrts were brought Frankfort, 1854 Hilda, 1855 Albin, Vi- ; ;
out at some of the smaller theatres in 1836. enna, 1856 Veuve Grajjin, operetta, ;
His first noteworthy success was Le nau- Bouffes Parisiens, 1859 Pianella, do.. ;
frage de la Meduse, in 1839, but his fame Theatre Dejazet, 1860 "Wîutermiirchen, ;
rests chiefly on Alessandro Sti'adella and Vienna, 1862 Die Libelle, ballet, ib., ;
Martha. The Jlarch revolution of 1848 1866 Zilda, Paris, Opera Comique, 1866 ; ;
drove him once more from Paris, whither he TaunkOnig, ballet, Darmstadt, 1867 Am ;
FLUCHT
Runenstein (with Genee), Prague, 18G8 beck, then at Stettin, 1840-50 was called to
;
;
h'ombre, Paris, Opera Coniiquo, 1870 Xeuwied to teach at the seminary in 1850,
;
Nakla, ^lilan, Teatro Manzoui, 1873 II fior received the title of royal director
;
of music
d' Hurleni, Turin, Teatro Vittoiio Emauuele, ill 185G, and returned to Stettin
as Cantor
187G ;L'Eiicliaii te- and organist of
resse (Iiulra rewrit- the Schloss-
ten), Paris and Lon- kirche in 18.^9.
don, 1878, given in He has contril>
Italian as Rosellanu uted also a
(j)ostLumous), Alma number of ex-
r Incantatriee, and in cellent articles
German as Die Hexe to musical pe-
riodicals. Works: Concert overture for or-
chestra ; String quartet ; Thirty-five books
of compositions for pianoforte ; Sis do. for
organ Nine do. of songs Sacred and sec-
; ;
ular songs for mixed, and male choruses ;
Pri'iludienbuch (112 preludes), etc. — Fitis ;
Der Graf Saint-Îi'grin (posthumous), given Mendel ; Riemann.

at Cologne, January-, 188-i ; Die Musikanten FLYING DUTCHMAN, THR See
(discovered at Mannheim, 1887, given at Fliegi'iuJe HoUiinder.
—
Magdeburg, 1888). Cloment,Mus.ecU-brcs, FODOR, ANTOON, bom at Venloo in
573 Fetis do., Supplement, i. 338 Ulustr. 1775, died in ^biisterdam, Feb. 22, 184G.
; ; ;
Zeitg (1883), i. 117 Mendel Riemann. ; Pianist, studied in JIannheim, whence he

;
FLUCHT DER HEILIGEX FAMILIE, went, about 1792, to Amsterdam. He WTote

DEE (The Flight of the Holy Family), can- Numa Pompilius, the first national opera
tata, for chorus and orchestra, by Max given in Holland, and composed a great
Bruch, op. 20, 1803. deal of pianoforte music. He was a mem-

FLtGEL, ERNST PAUL, born at Stet- ber of the Netherland Listitute, conductor
tin, Aug. 31, 184-1, still living, 1889. In- at the German Theatre of Amsterdam, 1814,
strumental and vocal composer, son and pu- and director of the Felix Meritis Society.
pil of Gustav Fliigel, and in 18G2-G3 jiupil Fetis, iii. 279 —
do., Suppl.'ment, i. 339 ; ;
in Berlin at the Royal Institute for Church Gregoir, Mus. Neerlandais, 75 Mendel ;
ilusic and at the Academy, then of Billow, Viotta.

Flodoard Geyer, and Kiel lived as music FODOR, JOZEF, bom at Venloo, in
;
teacher at Treptow and Grcifswald, became 1752, died in St. Petersburg, Oct. 3, 1828.
organist and vocal instructor at Prenzlau in Violinist, brother of .Vntoon Fodor, pupil in
18G7, and cantor at the Bernhardinkirchc in Berlin in 17GG of Franz Benda. He tniv-
Breslau in 1879. Works The 121st psalm, elled in Germany and the Netherlands, was
:
op. 22 ^lahomet's Gesang, op. 24 Trio in Paris in 1790, and lived in St. Peters-
; ;
for pianoforte, op. 25 Organ and pianoforte burg in 1794-1828.

;
Works Concertos :
;
pieces, and songs. Riemann. — Solos Duos Quartets for strings and
; ;
FLUGEL, GUSTAV, born at Kloster- much violin music (Paris, Berlin, Vienna,
Nienburg, Anhalt, July 2, 1812, still living, Amsterdam). Grove Fi'-tis Grogoir, Mus. — ; ;
1889. Organist, jmpil of Cantor Thiele at Ni'erlandais, 74 ; ^leudel ; Viotta.

Altenburg, and of Friedrich Schneider at FOERSTER, ADOLPH MARTIN, bom,
Dessau from 1830 lie taught successively at of German j)arentage, in Pittsburgh, Penn-
;
Nienburg, COthen, Magdeburg, and Schiiue- sylvania, Feb. 2, 1854, still hving, 1889.
FOGAgA
He is an immense amount in MS.
studied the pianoforte as a boy under Fctis, there
Lis mother, and later under Jean Manns. scattered throughout the churches of Italy.
In 1872 he went to Europe and studied, at He was one of the first musicians to write
the Leipsic Couservatorium, the pianoforte tonal fugues, and the last who remained
under Cocci us and Weuzel, singing under faithful to the traditions of Palestrina.
Grill and Sehimou, and theory under E. F. Works : Motets ; Masses ; Psalms ; Lita-
Richter and Papperitz. Returning in 1875, nies, for 2 to 9 voices, published in Rome
he taught in the Fort Wayne Conservatory from 1640 to 1681. His motets are in the
of Music during 187.5-7<J, tljen settled in Spiridione collection. — Grove ; Fi'tis, iii.
Pittsburgli, where he still resides. He was 284 do.. Supplement,

; i. 340 ; Larousse ;
conductor of the Pittsburgh Symjihonic So- Mendel.

ciety, 1878-79, and of the Pittsburgh Musi- FOGLIA.NI, LUDOVICO, born in Mod-
cal Union, 1883. Works: Thusnelda,ena close of the 15th century, died there
op. 10,
for orchestra, first played in Baltimore, Feb. about 1539. Composer, whose songs for
11, 1882 Quartet, op. 21, for pianoforte, several voices are found in Petrucci's
;
violin, viola, and violoncello Fantasie, op. "Frottole" (Venice, 1504-1508).

; In one
15, for violin and pianoforte Romanza, op. of his songs each of the four voices, cantus,
;
17, for violin and pianoforte ; Andante, op. altus, tenor, and bassus, sings different
3 ; Valse caprice, o]). 5 ; Nocturne, op. 7 ;
words. He was a learned writer for his
Three Sonatinas, op. 14 Pianoforte music ; ;
time. He was the author of Musica the-
Songs Part-songs, and choruses.
; orica (1529), a treatise on the theory of
FOGA9A, JOAO, born at Lisbon in 1580, sound. — Fc'tis ; Biog. Gen., 35 Bur-
xviii. ;
died there about 1658. Church composer, ney. Hist., iii. 157 ; Mendel ; Riemann, 268 ;
pupil of Duarte Lobo, entered a monastic Viotta.

order, and lived afterwards in a convent at FOIGNET, CHARLES G.YBRIEL, born
Ossa. His works are in the royal library at in Lyons in 1750, died in Paris in 1823.
Lisbon. — Mendel ; Vasconeellos. Dramatic comjjoser, studied music from an
F0GGL4., FR.\NCESCO, born in Rome early age, and in 1779 went to Paris where
in 1604, died there, he taught singing, the harpsichord, and the
J ui. 8, 1GS8. Church harp. He wrote many operettas for the
< omposer, pujiil of small Paris theatres, and became director,
Cifra, Nanini, and in 1797, of the Thodtre des Jeunes Artistes.
Agostini. He was He was director also of the Theatre Mon-
Kapellmeister to the tansier until 1802, when he gave it up.
Elector of Cologne, The Jeunes Artistes was closed by the edict
to the Elector of Ba- of 1807. For a list of his operas, which
and then to the
\ iria, are now forgotten, see the supplement to
Archduke Leopold of Fetis. He published also vocal music with
Austria. On his return to Italy he became pianoforte or violin accompaniment. Fe- —
successively maestro di cappella at the Ca- tis do.. Supplement, i. 340
; Mendel. ;
thedrals of Narni and Montefiascone, and FOIGNET, FRAN(,'OIS, bom in Paris

of the following churches in Rome : S. M. in about 1780, died in Strasburg, July 22,
Aquiro, S. M. Giovanni in
in Trastevere, S. 1845. Dramatic composer and singer, son
Laterano (1636-1661), S. Lorenzo in Dama- and pujjil of the preceding, made his dobut,
so, and S. M. Maggiore (1677), remaining at when yet a child, at the Theatre des Jeunes
the last until his death. He was a prolific Eleves, and, besides comic operas, wrote
composer of church music. Besides his the music for a number of pantomimes and
published works, a list of which is given in ]
melodramas. From 1806 he sang in vari-
FOLKUNGER
oiisprovincial theatres, after 1829 in the FONTANA, GIOV;VNM BATTIST.V,
South of France, especially at AngoulCme, Italian composer, living in KJCO. He pub-
where he was manager of the theatre. He lished a collection of sonatas, for two or
died in poverty at the hospital. Works La : three violins with bass (^'enice, 1641). Ac-
noce de Lucette, ThiJutre Montansier, 1799 ;
cording to Hart, these sonatas fumisli the
Le gondolier, ou la soiree vc'nitienne, ib., earliest indication of the removal of the
1800 Le chat bottc-, ou les vingt-quatre
; violin as a solo instrument to a liigher
heures d'Arle(|uiii, foerie, Theatre des Jeunes sphere of composition. — Frtis ; Hart, The
Artistes, 1802 Le rctour inattendu, ou le
; Violin, 172 ; Mendel, iii. 590 ; do., Ergiinz.,
mari revenant, ib., 1802 Raymond de Tou- ; xii. 110.
louse, ou le rctour de la Terre saiute, grand FONTAN.i, UR.\NIO, bom at Iseo, Italy,
ojjcra (with his father), ib., 1802 Riquet ; 1889. Dra- November, 1815, still living,
u la houppe, fairy oi)era, ib., 1802 La
matic composer, pupil at the Milan Conser-
;
naissance d'Arlequin, ou .Irlecjuin dans un vatorio. His opera seria, Isabella di Lara,
ceuf, do., ib.,1803 Arlequiu ;i Maroc, ou la given in Rome, 1837, first brought him into
;
pyramido enchantce, do., ib., 1804 L'oi- notice. He then produced in Paris, 1840,
;
seau bleu, do. His brother Gabriel, born another work, Le Zingaro, and soon after
in Paris, 1700, has made a name for himself became director of the Italian theatre in
as a virtuoso on the hai-j). —
Fotis do., Sup- Athens, but returned to Italy in 1841, and
;
plement, i. 341 Mendel. ; gave in Padua bis Giulio d' Este (1842).
FOLKUNGER, DIE (The Folkungs), His best work is I Baccanti, written for La
grand opera in five acts, text by S. H. Mo- Scala, Milan, 1840. He was professor of
seuthal, music by Edmund Kretschmer, first singing at the Paris Consen-atoire in 1856-
repi'esented at the Court Theatre, Dresden, 05.— F.'tis, iii. 289 do., Supplement, i. 342 ; ;
April, 1874. Scene, in Sweden. Time, end Mendel Viotta. ;
of thirteenth centurj-. Characters repre- FONTEI, NICOLC), bom at Orzinuovi,

sented Magnus, sou of King Eric of Swe- Italy, in 1597, died (?). He wrote masses,
:
den Maria, niece of Eric Karin, nurse psalms, etc., published in Venice (1634-
; ; ;
Lars Olasson, castellan of tlie Castle of 1647), and Bizzame poetiche for 1, 2, and 3
Borgniis Beugt, Duke von Schoonen Sten voices, three books, the two last in Venice
; ;
Petrik, his confidant Ansgar, Abbot of (1636-39).— Fi'tis Van der Straeten, i. 61
; ;
Kloster N^-dal. This, Kretschmer's first op- Mendel Viotta. ;
era, had a fair run, but has now disap2)eared. FONTENELLE, GR.VNGES DE, bom at
FONTAINE, .VNTODsE NHCOLAS JL\- Villeneuve d'.Vgen (Lot-et-Garonne), France,
RIE, born in Paris in died at Saint- in 1769, died there in 1819. Dramatic com-
178.5,
Cloud, April, 18(i(). Violinist, pupil of his poser, first instructed in his native town,
father, Baillot. then in Pai-is pupil of Rey in harmony and
and of Lafont, Kreutzer, and
He entered the Conservatoire in 180G, and of Sacchini in composition. Works Li :
won the 1st violin prize in 1809 studied montague, ou la fondation du temple de
;
harmony under Catel and Daussoigne and la Liberie, opera, given in Paris, Opt'ra,
composition under Reicha. After a profes- 1793 Hecube, do., ib., 1800 Medio et ;
;
sional tour of ten years, he settled in Piuus Jason, do. (1802), ib., 1813 ; Circe, «intati»
in 182.5 as teacher of the \'iolin, and was Priam aux pieds d'.Vehille, do.; Other can-
solo violin to Charles X. until the revolu- Quartets for violin.— Fetis do.. Sup- tatas ;
;
tion of 1830. He published a great deal of plement, i. 342 Mendel. ;
violin music, and some church music. Fe- FONT^nCHEL, HIPPOLYTE HONO- —
tis, iii. 288 do.. Supplement, i. 342
; Men- RE JOSEPH COURT DE, born at Grasso
;
del ; Viotta. (Var), May 5, 1799, died (?). Dramatic com-

FOOTE
C for pianoforte Marche des Guides
poser, i)npil of Clielanl at tlie Conservatoire, in ;
Paris, won the second Larghetto and rondo capriccioso iu E La

j^rize for conijjositiou ;
in 1822, and visited Ital}-. Works Aniadeo pluie de jierles Nocturnes, waltzes, and
: ;
il Grande, given at Genoa; I due Forzati, other works for pianoforte. Brown. —
Leghorn D Gitano, Marseilles, 1835 Le
;
FORBES, HENRY, born in London in
;
chevalier de CauoUe, Paris, Opera Comique, 1804, died there, Nov. 24, 1859. Pianist
183(j Amleto, not performed Choruses for and organist, brother of George Forbes,
; ;
the Amalecites of Chateaubriand. — Fetis ;

pupil of Sir George Smart, Hummel, Mo-
do.. Supplement, i. 342 ; Jlendel. and Herz. He was conductor of
scheles,
FOOTE, AETHUR (WILLIAM), born, of the Societa Armonica and organist of St.
American parents, in S;dem, Mass., March Luke's, Chelsea. Works The Fairy Oak, :
5, 1853, still living, 1889. Graduated at opera, given at Drury Lane, London, 1845 ;
Harvard University in 1874, studied the Ruth, oratorio, London, 1847 National ;
pianoforte and organ under B. J. Lang, Psalmody, a collection of psalm tunes for
and harmony and composition under four voices Songs, etc. Grove. ; —
Stejihen A. Emery and John K. Paine. Has FORD, THOMAS, Eughsh composer of
been, since 1878, organist of the First Uni- 17th century, buried, London, Nov. 17,
tarian Church, Boston. Works Vocal 1G48. —
He was one of the musicians of
The Farei'-ell of Hiawatha, for male chorus Prince Henry, son of James I., and also of
and orchestra, Boston, May 12, 188G The Charles I. He published a work entitled,
;
Wreck of the Hesperus, for soli, mixed " Musicke of Sundrie Kindes, set forth in
chorus, and orchestra, ib., Jan. 2G, 1887 two Bookes. The first whereof are Aires for
Numerous songs and part-songs. Instru- 4 Voices to the Lute, Orpliarion, or Basse-
mental String quartet in G minor, oj). 4
: Viol, etc. The second are Pavens, Galiards,
;
Trio for pianoforte, violin, and violoncello Tliumi)es and such like for two Basse Viols,
in C minor, oj). 5 Serenade for strings, op. the Liera Way," etc. This work contains
;
12 ; Overture, In the Mountains, op. 14 ;

the beautiful four-part songs :
" Since first I
Concerto for yioloncello and orchestra saw your face," and, "There is a ladie sweet
Several fugitive pieces for pianoforte, for and kind." He contributed to Leighton's
violin, and for violoncello. " Teares or Lamentacious of a Sorrowfull
FORAN SYDENS KLOSTER (Before Soule " (1G14) and composed canons and
;
the South Convent), cantata for soli, female rounds which are printed in Hilton's
chorus, and orchestra, by Edvard Grieg, "Catch that Catch Can," and an anthem in
op. 20. Subject from Bjornstjerue Bjorn- the Anthems by Madrigal Composers of the
son's "Arnljot Gelline."' Translated into Music Antiquarian Society. Grove Fetis ; — ;
German as Vor der Klosterpforte, by F. von Mendel.

Holstein, and published by E. W. Fritzsch FORGUES, VICTOR ESPRIT fMJLE,,
(Leipsic,1877).— Wochenblatt (1877), 226. born in Paris, Sept. 26, 1823, still li^•iug,
FOR, AS m
AD.AJM ALL DIE, short 1889. Pianist, pupil at the Conservatoire
chorus in D minor, in Handel's Messiah, under Goblin, Laurent, Zimmermann, and
Part in. usually sung as an unaccompa- Leborue. He won the 1st prize for piano-
;
nied quartet of solo voices. forte in 1840 ; has played with great success
FORBES, GEORGE, born in London, at concerts in Paris and other cities. He
July 1, 1813, died there, has published morceaux de genre, and a col-
Sept. 11, 1883.
Pianist, pupil of his brother Henry and of lection of 12 I^tudes. Fetis, Supj)lement, —
Sii- George Smart. He gave concerts with i. 343.
London in 1831-44 and after-
his brother in FOR HE SHALL GIVE HIS ANGELS.
wards on his own account. Works Sonata See Denn er hat seinen Engeln.
:
FORKEL
FORKEL, JOHANN NICOLAUS, 1)orn
Fumo, Tritto, and
Conservatorio, Naples, of
at Meedcr, near Coburg, Feb. 22, became bandmaster of a regi-
17-19, Zingarelli,
(lied in Gi.ttingen, March
The ment, and afterwards was appointed direc-
17, 1818.
son of a shoemaker, he received some in- tor of music of the royal army, also inspec-
struction from a chorister of his native place tor of the clas.ses in wind instruments at
and then taught himself. He became choir- the Conservatorio. Works Oli quaiite : !
boy at Liinebiug in 17G2, and Chorpriifect imposture, opera buffa, Naples, Teatro
at Sohwcrin in 17G(j went to GOttiugen in Nuovo, 1829 Un matrimonio per medicina,
; ;
17(!'J to study law, but soon devoted him- ib., 1829 L'awocato in angustie, farce, ib., ;
self to music again, and was appointed or- 1831 La vedova scaltra, ib., 1831 Ro- ; ;
ganist of the University Church, and in 1778 berto di Costanzo, ib., Teatro San Carlo,
musical director to the university, which 1839 Several ballets, ib. ILisses, vespers, ; ;
gave him the doctor's degree in 1780. He litanies, a Te Deum, and other church mu-
was the earliest of the musical historians sic. Fetis, Supplement, i. 343. —
of Germany, and showed great energy iu FORONI, JACOPO, born at Verona, July
amassing materials with, sometimes, a want 2.5, 1825, died at Stockholn), Sept. 8, 1858.
of the critical faculty in digesting them. Dramatic and instrumental composer, son
Works Hiskias, oratorio 2 cantatas Die and probably pupil of Domenico Foroni,
: ; :
Macht der Harmonic and DieHirten bei der church composer (1790-1853) introduced ;
Kripjje zu Bethlehem Choruses Sympho- the symphony for orchestra into Raly, and
; ;
nies, concertos, and pianoforte sonatas. composed several meritorious works in this
Among his hi-storical and critical writings form. In 1849 he was called to Stockholm
are :
" Ueber die Theorie der Miisik " (Giit- as royal director of nuisic. Works Mar- :
tingcn, 1774) " Musikalisch-kritische Bi])li- gherita, opera, given in Milan, 1847
; Lcs ;
othek " (Gotha, 177S) " Musikalischer Alina- gladiateur.s, do., Stockholm, about 1855 ;
;
nach Deutschland " (Leipsic, 1782, 1783,

f (a- L'avocat Pathelin, do. (unfinished) ; Three
1784, 17S9) "Allgomeiue Geschichte der
; overtures for grand orchestra ; Several sym-
Musik " (ib., 1788-1801), his greatest work, phonies for do. ; Pianoforte pieces. — Fctis ;
though unfinished " Allegemeino Litera-

; Mendel.
tur der Musik" (ib. FORSTER, -AliBAN, born at Reichen-
1792), the tirst 1 bach, Saxony, Oct. 23, 1849, still living,
graphical atteui 1889. Pupil of R. Blumo and, at the Con-
the kind ;
" Jo h ami servatorium, Dresden (1806-09), of Rietz in
Sebastian Bach's Lcl) composition, of Lauterbach on the violin,
en, Kunst und Kunst and of During on the pianoforte. Having
wcrke " (ib., 1802, English translation, held positions at Carlsbad, Breslau and
London, 1820).— Mendel Schilling Fetis Stettin, ho went as court musician to Neu-
; ; ;
Grove Allgem. d. Biogr., vii. 155.

; Strclitz in 1871. Besides an operetta. Das
FOKNAIU, VIXCENZO, born at Naples, Flilstern, given at Neu-Strelitz, 1875, he lias
May 11, 1848, still living, 1889. Dramatic written 2 string quartet.s, 2 trios, soli for
composer, pupil of Luigi Siri on the piano- violin and for violoncello, some orchestml
forte and of Battista in composition. His works, and pianoforte pieces and songs.
opera, Maria di Torre, was given at Naples, Mendel, Ergiinz., 111. —
Teatro Filarmonico, 1871. Fctis, Supple- —
FORSTER, CHRISTOPH. bom at Bobra.
ment, i. 343. Thuriugia, Nov. 30, 1093, died at Kudol-
FOKNASINI, N^COLA, born at Bari, stadt, Dec. (J, 1745. Organist, pupil iu his
Aug. 17, died at Naples, June 24, native town of the organist Pitzlor on the
1803,
18G1. Dramatic composer, pupil at the pianoforte and organ, then at Weissenfels
FORSTER
of Heinicben in thorough bass and compo- Germany, Holland, and France, he entered,
sition, and at Merseburg iu 1671, the Chapel of the Council at Ham-
of Kauftiuaiin in
counterpoint. In 1719 he went to Dresden, burg as tenor singer, and a few j'ears later
was in Prague during the coronation festiv- was engaged for the theatre there, as siuger,
ities in 1723, and became Kapellmeister at composer, and poet. In 1680 he became
Rudolstadt in 1745. He composed over Kapellmeister to the Duke of Schleswig at
300 works, consisting of cantatas, sympho- Gottoi-p, went in the same year to Kiel, to
nies, overtures, and pianoforte and organ take his diploma as doctor, and practised
pieces. —
Fi'tis Mendel Schilling.
;
medicine at Husum, Schleswig, etc. was
; ;
FOESTER, EjMANUEL ALOYS, born at made court physician to the aforenamed

Niederstein (at Neuratli, according to Men- duke in 1689, and to the Bishop of Eutin in
del), Silesia, Jan. 26, 17i8, died in Vienna, 1694, living at Liibeck from 1705. Works
Nov. 12, 1823. Self-taught, be went to Vi- — Operas : CrOsus, given at Hamburg, 1684 ;
enna in 177G, and became a very successful Das unmogliche Ding, ib., 1685 ; Alexander
teacher of thorough bass and composition. iu Sidoii, Eugenia, Polyeuet, ib., 1688 Kain
;
Beethoven esteemed him highly. Works: xmd Abel, Xerxes, Cimbria, ib., 1689 Tha-;
48 string quartets and quintets Quartets ;

lestris, Ancile Romano, Bajazeth und Tam-
for pianoforte and strings Pianoforte so- ; erlan, Don Quixote, ib., 1690. Concertos
natas and pieces Cantata and songs Va-
; ; for harpsichonl. — Fetis ; Mendel ; Schilling.
riations on an air from Sarti's opera, I finti FORTUNATI, GIOVANNI FRANCES-
CO, born at Parma, Feb. 24, 1746, died(?).
Eredi, which were long attributed to I\Iozart.
He was the author of "Anleitung zum Ge- Dramatic composer, pupil of Omoboni Ni-
neralbass" (1802, 1805, 1824), with 146 ex- colini the elder, and in Bologna of Padre
amples, a work of considerable value. —

Men- Martini. He brought out his first opera in
del Fetis Wurzbach.
; ;
Parma, 1769, was made maestro di cappeUa
FORTIA DE
PILES, Comte AL- to the court, vocal instructor to the Arch-
PHONSE, born in MarseiUes, Aug. 18, duchess Amalia, and director of the opera.
1758, died at Sisteron, Feb. 18, 1826. Having composed operas for many Italian
Dramatic comjjoser, jiupil of Ligori. The cities, he went to Germany, lived in Dres-
last member of the noble family of his den, and finally went to Berlin, as com-
name, he was an officer of the rt'giment du poser to Friedrich Wilhelm II. On his
Roy and governor of Marseilles before the return to Parma he resumed his former
Revolution. Works Ojjeras —
La fee Ur- position at the court and the principal the-
:
gMe, Nancy, 1784 Venus et Adonis, ib., atre, and held them until the death of
;
1784 Le pouvoir de I'amour, ib., 1785 Louis Ferdinand in 1802. He was one of
; ;
L'officier franjais a I'armee, ib., 1786 ; 8 so- the original members of the m\isical sec-
natas for pianoforte, with violin and violon- tion of the Academy of Ai'ts and Sciences in
cello ; Trios for violin ;
Quartets for violin ;
Italy, founded in 1810. Works : I caccia-
Symphony for full orchestra. — Fetis ; La- tori e la veudilatte, given at Parma, 1769 ;
rousse ; Biog. Gen., xviii. 221 MendeL

; L'incontro inaspettato, ib., about 1800 La ;
FORTSCH, JOHANN PHILIPP, born at contessa per equivoco ; Ipermestra. Fe- —

Wertheim, Franconia, May 14, 1652, died tis Mendel. ;
at Liibeck after 1708. Dramatic composer, FOE UNTO US A CHILD IS BORN,

pupil at Weissenfels of Johann Philipp chorus in G major, in Handel's Messiah,
Krieger, and completed his musical train- Part L
ing under different masters while studying FOEZA DEL DESTINO, LA, Italian op-
medicine at Frankfort, Jena. Helmstiidt, era seria in four acts, text by Piave, music
Erfurt, and Altdorf. Having travelled in liy Verdi, first represented in St. Peters-
FOSSA
burg, Nov. 10, 18(12. Tlie libretto is adapted ;
they sliow great delicacy and original con-
from a romantic drama of the same title, ception. — Mendel.
in five acts, by Don Angelo Saavedra, duqiie FOSSA (de Fossis, De C4 Fossis, Da Fos-
de Itivas, played in Madrid in ISJJij. The sa), PIERRE DE, Flemish composer
of the
opera waa produced in London, at Her Slaj- 16th century, died in Rome in 1527. He is
esty's Theatre, June 22, 1867 and in Paris,
; the
first recorded maestro di cappella of S.
at the Tht'atrc Italien, Oct. 31, 187G, with a

Marco, Venice, having immediately preceded
new overture and changes in the test by Adrien Willaert of Bruges. He had pre-
Verdi. The actiontakes place in Spain. viously been a singer in the papal choir from
Don Alvari'Z, son of the viceroy of Peru, about 1485, and in 1401 was director of the
enamoured of Donna Leonora do Vargas, music of the chapel and of the maitrise.
daughter of the Mavchese di Calatrava, acci- He was thus the chorodidascalus and
fii-st
dentally kills the marquis, who tries to pre- first phonascus of that celebrated church.
vent their elopement. Donna Leonora re- Though noted in Lis daj' as a composer,
tires into a convent and Don Carlos, her none of his works have surnved. He is
brother, vows vengeance against Don Alva.- celebrated by Pietro Contarini in " Argo
rez. After having been sworn friends in vulgare " for his songs, and he is said to
the war in Italy, both being under a.ssumed liave written a cantata for the marriage of
names, Don Carlos Anne Gondola of Aquitaine with Liidislns,
at last discovers his iden-
him to fight him.
titj'and forces Don Car- King of Hungaiy and Bohemia, 1502, which
wounded and Don Alvanz goes into a was preserved in the archives of that cjueen.
los is
monastery under the name of Padx'e Raftaele. —
Van der Straeten, Lji ^lusitjue au Pays
Don Carlos, recovered from his wound, seeks Bas, vi. 182 ; Mendel ; Viotta.
liis and endeavours, by everj' insult,
retreat FOSSEY, LEON, born in Paris, March
to make him fight again. Padre Raftaele 17, 182!), died there in February, 1877.
bears his taunts with saintly patience, but Dramatic composer, pupil of Elwart at the
at last, goaded beyond endurance, seizes the Conservatoire, where lie took the second
sword Don Carlos offers him and, going prize for harmony in 1840. He was for
without the monastery walls, fights and many years chef d'orchestre of the Thi-atre
mortally wounds him. Leonora, who has de la Gaite. Works Pomme d'api, ope- :
witnessed the combat from her window, retta, Gaite, 1850 Marcel et Cie, do., Bouffes ;
rushes upon the scene as her brother falls Parisiens, 1867. —

Futis, Suppli'-ment, i. 345.
and, while oftering aid, is stabbed by him, FOSTER, STEPHEN COLLINS, born,
and Don Alvari'z, losing his reason at the of American pai-ent-
dreadful sight, throws himself from a prec- age, in Lawrenceville
ipice. In the final form of the opera, as (now part of Pitts-
given in Paris, the denouement is changed burgh), Pennsylvania,
so that Alvari'Z docs not kill himself. —
Hans- July 4, 1826, died in
lick, Moderne Opcr, 242 Larousse, viii. New York, Jan. 13,
;
631. 1864. His early mu-

FOSSA (Defossa), JOANNES DE, bom in sical education was
the Netherlands in the 16th century, died at acquii'ed at home,
Munich Church composer, became and later he had
in 1003.
assistant Kapellmeister at Jlunich in 1569, some instruction
under Orlando Lasso, after whose death from local teachers,
he acted as Ober-Kapellmeister from 1504 and was, in his own
initil 1602. Masses and motets of his com- way, a close student of the works of the
position are in the royal library of ^runieh great composers.
;
During 1850-51 he lived
FOUQUE
for a time in New York aiul Hoboken, but organist, self-taught was organist at Ames- ;
iu 1851 returned to Pittsburgh iu 18G0 lie bury, then at Crawley, Sussex, and from
;
agaiu went to New York, where be remaiued 1856 engaged as editor and publisher. Re-
until bis death. Foster occupies a jjlace sides at Ryde, Isle of Wight. Works Five :
of bis own among American soug-writers ;

cantatas ; Four volumes of anthems do. of
;
few musical compositions appeal so directly organ voluntaries ; Twelve marches for
to tbe popular heart as his, and none have Two services, etc.
special seasons ;
become more universally known or been in FRA DIAVOLO, ou I'hotellerie de Ter-

more general use. His first published com- racine (The Inn of Terracina), opera-co-
jiosition, written when he was about seven- mique in three acts, text by Scribe, music by
teen years old, was a serenade, Open thy Auber, first represented at the Opera Co-
lattice, love (1842). The Old Folks at mique, Paris, Jan. 28, 1830. Fra Diavolo
Home, often called The Suwanee River, was was the sobriquet of Michele Pezza, a Cala-
composed iu the summer of 1851, and was brian bandit, who was pardoned in 1799 and
purchased by the negro-minstrel Edwin P. became a colonel iu the Neapolitan army,
Christy, who published it as " written and but was captured by General Hugo
in 1806
composed by " himself. More than half a (father of Victor Hugo) and hanged in
iiiilliou coîies of it were sold, and it still Naples. Scribe took little more than the
has a steady sale. Works Foster com- : title for his libretto, the incidents of which
posed about 150 songs iu all, and iu most are derived chiefly from La C'aver/ie of
cases wrote the words as well as the music. Lesueur, which iu turn is founded on an
Among the better known are Old Uncle : episode in "Gil Bias." A sjjectacular
Ned Oh, Susanna Nelly was a lady
; ; drama, entitled Fra Diavolo chef du bri-
(1849) Old Folks at Home
; Oh, boys, ; gands dans les Alpes, by Cuvelier and Fran-
carry me 'long Gentle Annie
! ; My Old ; coni, was given in Paris in 1808, and a Ger-
Kentucky Home Nelly Bly Nancy Till ; ; man version. Die Riluber in den Abruzzen,
Old Dog Ti-ay Willie, we have missed you
; ;
in Vienna iu 1822. Auber's Fra Diavolo
Come where my love lies dreaming (4 was produced in Vienna in 1830 au Eng- ;
voices) Massa's in the cold, cold ground

; ;
lish version at Drury Lane, Nov. 3, 1831,
Maggie by my side Old Black Joe, 1861 ; ;
and an Italian version at the Lyceum, Lon-
Beautiful Dreamer, 18G4. don, July 9, 1857. It was first given in
FOUQUE, (PIERRE) OCTAVE, born at New York, April, 1832. In the first act of
Pau (Basses-Pyrenees), Nov. 12, 1844, died the oiêra. Lord and Lady Kokbourg, Eng-
there, Sept. Dramatic, instru- lish travellers, after a narrow escape from
22, 1883.
mental, and vocal composer, pupil iu Paris Fra Diavolo's band, during which the lady
of Reiuhold Becker in harmony, of Chauvet loses her diamonds, enter the inn at TeiTa-
in counterpoint, and of Ambroise Thomas cina, kept by Matteo, whose daughter Zer-
in composition. He is more important as a line loves Lorenzo, an officer in command of
writer on music. Works : L'avocat noir, carabineers searching for the bandits. Fra
operetta, given at the Alcazar, 1874 ; Deux Diavolo himself, who has followed the trav-
vieux coqs, do. ; Prelude for orchestra. ellers disguised as the Marquis de San
Concerts Danbe, 1874 ; Preludes, nocturnes, Marco, hearing how they have deceived his
morceaux de genre, etc., for pianoforte ; men, tries to perfect his plans for robbing
Songs, and choruses. — Fetis, Sujjjjlument, them by ingratiating himself with Zerline
i. 345 ; Mendel, Ergiinz., 112. and Ladj' Kokbourg. Lorenzo, after a sad
FOWLE, TH0:MAS LLOYD, born at parting from Zerline, who is promised by
Amesbury, Wilts, England, Oct. 16, 1827, her father to a rich farmer, goes in search
still living, 1889. Church composer and of the bandits, defeats them, and recovers
FKA
the (liamonds, winnin<T the offered reward numbers are Pamela's, " Ah quel voyage
: !
of 10,000 francs, aud becoming thus as abominable !"; Lord Kokbourg's, " Je vou-
wealthy as liis rival. In the second act lais bien, je voulais bien " the (juintet be- ;
Fra Diavolo and his companions Beppo and tween the two travellers, the sham llarcpiia,
Giacomo conceal themselves in a closet in Zerline, and Matteo, "Que vois-je, c'est
Zerliue's room. Their plans of robbery are elle!"; Zerline's air, " Voyez sur cette
interrupted by the return of the carabineers, rocho " the scene between the Marquis and
;
and Fra Diavolo boldly comes out of the Pamela, "Gondoher lidMe ;" and the buffo
closet and declares to Lord Kokbourg that trio between these two and Lord Kokbourg,
he is there by appointment with his wife " Je n'aimais pas le musique." In the sec-
and to Lorenzo that it is by invitation of ond act the air of Zerline, " Quel bonheur,
Zerliue. AVith two duels on his hands, Fra je respire " the barcarolle, " Agnis la jou-
;
vencelle ;
" the cavatiua in ZerUne's room,
" Oui, c'est demain qu'on me marie " and ;
the choi-us, "Oui, la prudence." In the

third act, Fra Diavolo's grand air, " Je vols
marcher sous ma bannii-re " the chonis, ;
" C'est aujourd'hui Pfiques lleuries " Lo- ;
renzo's romanza, "Pour toujours, disait-

elle," and the final .scene. — Hanslick, Mod-
erne Oper, 182 ; Larousse, viii. (597.
FRA I DUE LITIGAXTI IL TERZO
GODE (Between two quarrellers a third
party profits), Italian comic opera, text by
Lorenzi, music by Sarti, given at Turin,
1780. The unpublished score of this work,
which was vei^y successful, is in the library
of the Consen-atoire, Paris. Mozart took a
theme from this opera for the table-music
in the second act of Don Giovanni.
FKANX'ESCA DA KDUNI, German ojv
era in three acts, text and music by Her-
mann represented in Mannheim, Sept,
G()tz,
Gotz died before finishing the
10, 1877.
ChlflM Santley, as Fra Diavolo.
work, and the third act was instrumented,
Diavolo promises satisfaction in the morning from the composer's sketches, by G. Frank.
and coolly walks out, leaving his two rivals The music is dramatic and was well re-
confounded and in despair. His compan- ceived.
ions, however, are captiu-ed and agi-ee to FRANCESCA DA imiES'I, symphonic
betray their chief to secure their own safety. poem for orchestra, by Peter Iljitsch Tschai-
In the third act, where the scene is trans- kowsky, oi>. 32, composed in 1JS77, fii-st per-
ferred to the mountains, Fra Diavolo is en- formed in Wai-saw in 1.S78.
snared, and meets death at the hands of the FRANCESCHINI, PETROXIO, born in
carabineers, after acknowledging Zerliue's Bologna, lived in the second half of the 17th
innocence, and the lovers are made happy. centuiy. Dramatic composer, brother of
The music, which made Auber's reputation, the painter Marco Antonio Franceschini :
is bright and sparkling and as inspiring as pupil of Lorenzo Perti, and at Narui of
the libretto. In the fii-st act the principal Giuseppe Coreo. In 1(373 ho was elected
FIIANCESCO
principe of the Accademia Filarmonica, varie pour violonccUe avec orchestra, op. 1
Bologna. Works Oronte di Memti, Bo- : (Paris) ; Theme original, op. 3 ; Theme
logna, Teatro Formagliari, 167(J Arsiuoe, ; original varie avec orchestre, op. 4 ; Fan-
ib., 1G77 Apollo iu Tessaglia, musical
; taisie sur des themes russes et ecossaises,
drama, ib., 1670 Dionisio, ovvero la virtii ;
avec quatuor ou orchestre, op 6 Romance
. ;
trionfante del vizio (with Partenio), Venice, pour violonceUe, op. 10 ; Trois nocturnes ;
1681.—Fetis ; do.. Supplement, i. 347. Deux adagios, op. 21, 29 ; Premier coucei'to
FRANCESCO DA MILAXO (Francesco pour violoncelle et orchestre, ojx 33, etc.
Milanese) ; organist, early part of 16tb cen- —

Grove Fe-tis Larousse Mendel.
; ; ;
tury. He was a member of the Navizzi- FRANCISCELLO (Francischello), ;
ani family of Milan and was a poet as well violoncellist, living iu Italy in the early part
as musician. About 1.530 he became or-
of the 18th century (1713-50). His birth-
ganist of the Cathedral of Milan. Accord- place is unknown as he retired to Genoa ;
ing to Doni and Picciuelli he was the author in his old age, it may have been his native
of several rare collections of organ and lute place. First celebrated at Rome shortly
music, entitled Intabolatura di organo, after the death of Corelli (1713), he was to the
:
Hb. i. ; Intabolatura di liuto (Milan, IS-IO). violoncello what Corelli was to the violin, and
Some of his pieces for lute are in a collec- was the first to substitute that instrument
tion entitled, Intabolatura which almost disajjpear-
di liuto di di- for the bass-viol,
versi autori, etc. (Milan, 1556), which went ed from Italian orchestras before 1730.
through several editions under difterent Quantz heaixl him iu Najiles iu 1725 Ge- ;
titles and others are iu Hortus Musarum niiniani sjieaks of hearing him play with
;
(Louvain, 1552). Fetis Schilling. — Scarlatti when that master accompanied him
;
FRANCHI, GIOVANNI PIETRO, born on the harpsichord. Benda heard him in

at Pistoja about the middle of the 17th Vienna iu 1730, and took him for his model
century. He was maestro eoucertante to on the violin. Gerber says that Duport
the Duke Rospigliosi di Zagarolo. He pub- heard him at Genoa if so, he must have ;
lished Duetti da camera (Bologna, 1689) been over seventy-five years of age. Fetis, —
Duetti del 1' amore col basso uumerato (ib., iii. 307; Grove, i. 358; Mendel, iv. 14;
1689) Motets Psalms Sonatas, etc.— Fe- Schilling, iii. 32.
; ; ;
tis Mendel Viotta.

; ; FRANCE, CftSAR AUGUSTE, born in
FRANCHOJDIE, AUGUSTE, born at Liege, Dec. 10, 1822. Pianist, jnipil at the
Lille, April 10, 1808, died iu Paris, Jan. 21, Liege Couservatoii'e, subsequentlj- at that iu
1884. Violoncellist, pupil at the Paris Con- Paris (1837) under Zimmerman, Leborne,
servatoire of Levasseur and of Norblin and and Benoist, winning the 2d organ prize in
;
in 1826 won the first prize for violoncello. 1841. He was organist of Saiute-Clotilde,
He was a member of the orchestra of the Paris. His oratorio, Ruth, composed some
Ambigu Comique iu 1825-26, of the Ope- twenty-five years before, was given in Paris
ra in 1827, and of the Theatre Italien in iu 1846, when he succeeded Benoist as pro-
1828. With Alard and Charles Halle he fessor of the organ at the Conservatoire.
founded a society for classical quartets. He published pianoforte and violin music.
The intimate friend of Chopin, he wrote —Fetis, iii. 310 do., Supplement, i. 347 ; ;
with him a duo for pianoforte and violon- Mendel Viotta. ;
cello on Robert le Diable. He also wrote FRANCE, EDUARD, born in Breslau,

a duo with variations in collaboration with Dec. 5, 1817, still li\iug, 1889. Instru-
Bertoni, and a third with Osboi-ne. In 1846 mental composer and pianist, studied music
he became professor of the violoncello at in his native city and, 1843-46, in Italy, then
the Paris Conservatoire. Works : Theme settled iu Berlin, whence he was called to
FIIANCK
Cologne as professor of the pianoforte at FR.VNCK, MELCHIOR, bom in Zittau
the Conservatoriuni. In 185!) he went as about 1580, died in Coburg, June 1, 1(;39.
musical director to Berue, and in 1807 to Church composer, lived in Nuremberg
Berlin to teach at Stern's Conservatorium. about ICOO, and became Kapellmeister to
Works Symphony, op. 47: (Quintet for ; the Duke of Coburg in 1003. Gerber gives
pianoforte, op. 45 Sextet, op. 41 Sonata ; ; a list of 44 of his works. He sometimes
for violoncello, op. 42 Duos for jiianoforte, ; embellished his melodies in the Italian
op. 40 Six sonatas, op. 40 Three do., op.
; ; style, and was one of the earliest composers
43 Symphonies, overtures, concertos, etc.
; to make the instrumental accompaniment
— Mendel ; Kicinann. more imlependeut. Some of his cliorals are
FRANCK, JOHANN WOLFGANG, born still sung. Works : Melodise sacra; (1000-
in HaiabiirK in 1(541, died in Spain after
^lusikalische Bergreyen (1002); Cou- 7) ;
1()88. Dramatic composer, one of the ear- trapuncti compositi (1002) Teutsclie P.sal- ;
liest German writers of opera. He pro- men und Kircheugesiinge (1002) ; Neue
duced fourteen works, which were Paduanen, Galliardeu (1003)all of
Opusculuni ;
represented in Hamburg in lG7!)-8(!. In etlicher newer uud alter Reuterliedlein

1G88 he went to Spain, and became a favour- (1603) Neues Quodlibet (1004) Fairago ; ;
ite composer of Don Carlos II., a distinction (1004); Teutsche weltliche Gesiinge uud
which led to his death by assassination. Tiintze (1G05) Geistlicho Gesiinge und ;
—
Works Operas Jlichael und David An- Melodien (1008) Neue musikalische Intra-
: ; ;
dromeda uud Perseus Die Mutter der den (1008) Flores musicales(lOlO) Musi-
; ; ;
Makkabiier Don Pedro Aeneas Jodelet kalische Friihlichkeit (1010) Tricinia nova
; ; ; ;
Semele Hannibal Cliaritine

; Diocletia- (1011); Vincula natalitia (1011); Sechs
; ;
nus Attila Vespasianus Kara Mustafa, in deutsche Konzerte (IGll)

; ; ;
Suspiria nni- ;
two parts I. Die Belagerung Wiens 11. sica (1612)

: Opusculuni etlicher geistli- ; ;
Die erfreuliche Entsatzung Wiens. He chcr Gesiinge (1012) Viridariuni musi- ;
published also sonatas for two violins and cum (1613) Recreationes nuisica' (1014) ;
bass, and church compositions. Fi' tis Zween Grabgesiinge (1614) Zwey newo — ;
;
Mendel Eicmann. ; Hochzeitsgesiinge (1614) Threnodiaj Da- ;
FRANCK, JOSEPH, born in Liege vidioiu (1015) ; Die trostreichen Worte aus
about 1820, still living, 1889. Organist and dcm 54. Kapitel Esaiii (1015) Deliciio ;
violinist ; brother of Cesar Auguste Franck amoris (1015) ; Fasciculus quodlibeticus

pupil at the Liuge, and subsequently at the (1615) ; Geistlicher musikalischer Lustgar-
Paris Conservatoire. He was maitre de teu (1610) Lilia musicalia (1016)
; Teut- ;
chapello and organist of the Church des sches musikalisches fr<)hliches Konvivium
Maisons Etrangeres and of that of Saiut- (1621) ; Laudes Dei vespertiua; (1622) ;
Thomas d'Acjuin, Paris, and a teacher

of the pianoforte and organ. Works :
Collections of motets for one or sev-

eral voices with two choirs Ode to ;
St. Cecilia, with orchestra ; Concertos

for pianoforte with quartet or orches-
tra ; Cantatas ; IMasses Songs. He
;
w^^g^C-V^ V-T.
is the author of several theoretical and
practical works for the instruction of
the pianoforte and organ. — Ft'tis, iii.
310 ; do., Supplement, i. 347 ; Mendel Newe teutsche Magnificat (1622) Gemmu- ;
Viotta. hc evangeliorum musicae (1623-24) Newcs ;

FKANCK
musikalisches Lustgiirtlein (1G23) La princesse do Noisy, 1760. Meudel
liebliclaes —
40 Teutscbe lustige musikalisclie Tiiutze Grove Fetis Larousse. ; ;
(1624) Newes niusikalisches Opusculuni

; FRANCCEUR, LOUIS JOSEPH, born in
(1G24) Sacri couvivii inusica sacra {1G28)
; Paris, Oct. 8, 1738, died tbere, Marcb 10,
;
llosetulum musicum (1628) Cithara eccle- 1804. ; Violinist and dramatic composer,
siastica et scliolastica Psaliuodia sacra nephew and pupil of Franyois Francceur.
;
(1031) ; muudaui exilii deliciie He was first a page of tbe king's band,
Diilces
(1631) Der 51 Psalm (1634) Paradisus 1746-52, tbeu violinist in tbe orcbestra at
; ;
—
musicus (1G3G). Riemaiiu Fctis Meudel the OiJcra, second luaitre de luusique in
; ; ;
Gerber ; Allgem. 213 Grove

d. Biogr., 1764, and iu 1767 succeeded Berton as di-
vii. ; ;
Wiuterfeld, Der evaug. Kircbeugesaug, ii. recteur en cbef, wbich position be beld un-
50. til 1779. In 1792 be became witb Cellerier
FKANCK, MICHAEL, bom at ScLleu- manager of the Opera, aud in 1794 was di-
siugen, Mareb 16, 1609, died at Coburg, recteur of tbe Ojiera witb Denesle. Pro-
(Sept, 24, 1667. Vocal composer, studied duced several operas, among tbem Ismene
music ill middle life, after be bad lost all et Liiidor, 17C6, and Ajax, 1770, and left
bis projêrty during tbe Thirty Years' War, otbers in MS., as well as churcli music, all of
and iu 1640 bad settled at Coburg, wbere wbicb are in tbe Conservatoire Library. He
iu 1644 be found employment as teacber at is tbe author of " Diapason general de tons
tbe Gymnasium. It was tbeu tliat be took les instruments a vent," etc. (Paris, 1772).
up music and poetry, witb sucli success as Grove Fetis, iii. 311 ; do.. Supplement, — ;
to be made imperial poet laureate iu 1659. i. 348 Larousse Mendel. ; ;
Of bis compositions are kuowu Geistlicbes FRANCOISE DE RIMINI, French grand

:
Harfenspiel aus dreissig vierstinimigen Aden opera in five acts, text by Barbier and Carre,
nebst Generalbass (Coburg, 1657) aud tbe music by Ambroise Thomas, represented at
;
chorals Kein Stiindlein gebt dahin, Acb, the Opera, Paris, April 14, 1882. Subject,
:
wie nicbtig, acb, wie fliicbtig, aud Sey Gott tbe story of Francesca da Rimini and Paolo
getreu, bait' seinen Bund. Fetis Meudel —
Malatesta, as related by Dante iu tbe "Di-
;
Schilling. vina Commedia." One of the compo.ser's

FllANCGEUR, FRANCOIS,
born iu best works.
Paris, Sept. 28, 1698, died tbere, Aug. G, FRANC0-]\IENDJ:S, JACQUES, born in
1787. Dramatic comjjoser, member iu Amsterdam in 1812, of a distinguisbed
1710 of tbe orcbestra of tbe Opc'ra, wbere be Portuguese Israelitisb family that settled
formed a lifelong frieudsbij) aud partner- tbere in tbe 16tli century. Violoncellist,
ship witb Rebel. He was subsequently a jiupil of Priiger and Bertebnaun, and sub-
member of tbe king's private baud, and iu sequently of Merk, in Vienna. After visit-
1733 composer to the king. He was ap- ing London and Paris with bis brother
jiointed joint-insjjector of tbe Opera with Joseph, be was appointed in 1831 court
Rebel iu 1736, was director iu 1751-67, and violoncellist. He made another profes-
superintendent of the king's chamber music sional tour iu Germany with bis brother in
in 1760. He jJwblisbed when young two 1833, and in 1836 went to Paris to perfect
books of sonatas, tbe only works in which bimself in composition, and establisbed
be did not bave Rebel as a collaborator. there a series of quartet matinees witb bis
—
Works Operas, witb Rebel Pyrame et brotber wbicb were greatly appreciated.
:
Thisbe, 1726 Tarsis et Zelie, 1728 Scan- After Josepb's early death be lived princi-
; ;
derbeg, 1735 Le ballet de la paix, 1738

; pally iu Holland. He published violoncello
;
Les Augustales, 1744 Zeliudor, 1744; and other instrumental music. Orders of
Ismene, 1747 Les geuies tutulaii-es, 1757
; Isabella tbe Catholic, tbe Oakeu Crown, ;
FRANCO- MEND^S
Adolph of Nassau. — Fi'tis ; Larousse ; GrC- pellmeister at Mannheim in 1872-77, he
goir, llus. nucrlandais du xviiie et xixe siecle, was called to Frankfort as first Kapellmeis-
70; Meiulel ; Viotta. ter at the theatre, and in 1879 to Hanover as
FR.VNCO-MENDftS, JOSEPH, bom in von Billow's successor. In 1887 he became
Amsterdam, May 4, 1810, died Oct. U, insane, and was committed to an asylum.
1841. Violinist, brotlier of Jacques Franco- Works Adam de la Halle, opera, given at :
Mendi-s ;
pupil of Priiger, and in Paris in Carlsruhe, 1880 Hero, do., Berlin, 1884 ;
;
1830 of Baillot. After a professional tour Duettinos for female voices Riittenfiinger ;
to London, and Germanj- he played

Paris, Lieder from Wolfif's Singuf, with violin
cliiefly at The Hague and Amsterdam. In obligate ; Other songs and choruses. He
1835 two of his quartets for two violins, translated into Genuan the operas. The
viola, and bass were crowned by the Nether- Veiled Prophet, and Savonarola by Stanford,
land Society for the Encouragement of and Colomba by Mickenzie. Mendel, Er- —
Music. He left many works in MS. Fetis — ;
giinz., 113 ; Riemann.
Larousse Gregoir, Mus. nuerlaudais du
; FR.VNKENBERGER, HEINRICH, bom
xviiie et xixe sii-cle, 70 ; Wiimbach, Schwarzburg-Sondershausen,
Viotta. at
FR.YNCS-JUGES, LES
(The Vehmic Germany, Aug. 20, 1824, died at Sonders-
Judges), overture to the opera of the same hauscn, Nov. 22, 1885. Dramatic composer,
title, by Hector Berlioz, op. 3, first performed pupil at Sondershausen of Bartel the elder,
at the Conservatoire, Paris, May 26, 1828. of Ernst Bartel in theory, of Birnstein on
The opera, written by Berlioz in 1825, on a the organ, and of G. Hermann on the piano-
libretto by Humbert Ferrand, was declined forte then at Leipsic of Plaidy, Karl Ferdi-
;
by the committee of the Acadt'mic Royale nand Becker, and Hauptmann. In 1847 he
de Musique, and only the overture ever saw entered the princely orchestra at Sonders-
the light. The score of the opera was de- hausen as violinist, and afterwards became
stroyed. The overture was the first of its assistant conductor. During his annual
his works to gain him any lasting reputa- furlough he conducted the operas at Erfurt,
tion. Published, full score and parts, by Halle, Frankfort, etc. He was also an ex-
Richault and Hofmeister (Leipsic) in parts cellent harpist, and able teacher, and
;
for militai-y band, arranged by "Wieprecht, published hand-books on instrumentation,

Richault for pianoforte, 4 hands, Richault, and hamionj', and a method for the or-
;
Hofmeister do., arranged by Karl Czemj-, gan.

; Works Operas Die Hochzeit zu — :
Meyer (Brunswick) do., 2 hands, arranged Venedig, four acts, given at Sondei-shau.son,
;
by Liszt, Schott (Mainz). Given in New 1847 Vineta, three acts, text by Bolin, ;
York, Philharmonic Society, season of ib., Jan. 30, 1851 Der GHnstling, three ;
1845-40.— Jullicn, Hector Berlioz (1888), acts, text by Lemm, ib., 1803. Riemann. —
375. FR.\.NZ, J. H. (Count Bolko von Hoch-
FR.\NK, ERNST, bom in :\runich, Feb. berg), bom at Castle Fiirstenstcin, Silesia,
7, 1847, still living, 1889. Dramatic and Jan. 23, 1843, still living, 1889. Dramatic
vocal composer, and excellent conductor, composer, supported in Dresden, for several
pupil of Mortier de Fontaine on the piano- years, a string quartet bearing his name,
forte and of Franz Lachner in composition ;
and in 1870 instituted the Silosian music
became court organist and chorus-master at festivals.Li 1880 he was appointed in-
the Royal Opera, and in 1808 Kapellmeister tendant general of the royal Prussian court
at Wflrzburg. In 1809 he was made chorus- theatres. Works Claudinc von Villabella,
:
master at the Opera in Vienna, where he given at Schwerin, 1864 Der Wiirwolf ;
afterwards conducted the Siug\'erein and (Die Falkenstoincr), Hanover, 1S70 ; Sym-
the Academische Gesangverein. Hof-Ka- phonies, songs, etc.
FRANZ
FltANZ, KARL, born at Laiigenbieku, in 1872 for Franz's benefit by Liszt, Joa-
Silesia, in 1738, died in JNIuuich in 1802. chim, Helene Magnus, and others, and by
Played the Lorn in the service of tLe Arcli- sums raised in a similar way in Boston,
bisliop of Olniiitz in 1758 then joined Mass., by Otto Dresel (his intimate friend
;
Prince Esterhazj-'s orchestra in Eisenstadt and co-worker), B. J. Lang, and Sebastian

and became the greatest virtuoso on the B. Schlesinger. Franz's fame rests uijon a
barytone, the predecessor of the violoncello upon his songs, and ujôn
twofold basis :
Haydn composed a cantata, Dentschland's his additional accompaniments to choral

Klage auf den Tod Friedrich's des Grossen, works by Bach, Handel, Durante, and As-
with barytone accompaniment, especially for torga. He is uudisputedly the greatest liv-
him. He spent eight j-ears in Presburg ing song-writer the legitimate successor of :
under Cardinal Bathiany, and in 1787 Schubert and Schumann. At first his songs
was called to Munich as chamber musician. were caviare to the general jjublic, but the
Works : 12 barytone concertos. — Allgem. admiration of men like Schumann and Men-
d. Biogr., \ii. 319 ; Mendel ; Fetis ; Grove.delssohn, and the ardent propagandism of
FKANZ ROBERT, born in Halle, June Liszt (through his incomparable pianoforte
28, 1815, still liv- transcriptions), of the baritone Stockhausen,
ing, 1889. After and others in Germany, and of Otto Dresel
studying by him- in America (at one time Boston was one of
self several years, the chief focuses of the Franz cult), helped
he became a pupil much to gain them universal recognition.
at Dessau (1835- Franz's additional accompaniments to old
37) of Schneider choral works are to be ranked onlj' with
in pianoforte, har- what is most perfect in this difficult depart-
monj-, and coun- ment. In this matter he has been from the
terpoint returned first a stout opponent of Chrysander, Spit-
;
then to Halle, and, ta, and others of more timidly archteologi-

without employ- cal tendencies. Works I. Original 257 — :
ment for six years, made thorough studies in songs, in 45 sets, for voice and pianoforte,
Bach, Beethoven, and Schubert. In 1841 his published by Breitkopf & H;irtel, Whist-
sense of hearing began to decline. In 1843 he ling, Peters, Senff, Fritzsch, etc. Kyrie a ;
published his first set of twelve songs, which cappella for 4-part chorus and soli ; Psalm
won him the sincere admiration of Schumann, cxvii. fordouble chorus (8 parts) a cap-
and Mendelssohn, Gade, Liszt, and
later of jjella ; Liturgy for the evangelical service
othei's. About this time he was appointed G chorals ; 6 part-songs for mixed voices,
organist at the Ulrichskirche in Halle, and and G do. for male voices. IL Ai-range-
conductor at the Singacademie. Somewhat ments, from J. S. Bach : M;ltthaus-7'aASio>i ;
later he was given the titles of Koniglicher Tr'e/Hae/it^-Oratorium, Parts I. and H. ; Mag-
Musikdirektor and Doctor of Music, the idjicat in D ; r)-a((e?--Ode. Church canta-
latter for his musical lectures at the Halle tas : Es ist dir gesagt, Mensch, was gut ist
University. His deafness gradually became Gott filhret auf mit Jauchzen Ich hatte ;
more and more serious, and in 1853 was viel Bekiimmerniss Wer sich selbst erhij- ;
aggravated by nervous disorders. In 1868 het ewiges Feuer Label Gott in Seinen
; ;
he was forced to throw up all his employ- Reichen Wi'.r da glaubet und getauft wird
; ;
ments, and almost entirely to abandon com- Ach wie fliichtig, ach wie nichtig Freue ;
Iôsitiou. The pecuniarj' dithculties result- dich, erlOste Schaar Gotles Zeit ist die ;
ing from this were made up for by a sum of allerbeste Zeit (Actus tragicus) ; Sle wer-
about $25,000 realized from concerts given den aus Saba AUe kommen ; Airs from
FRANZ
other cantatas, Mein
etc. For soprano : Suite in E minor, for pianoforte (Leipsic,
Seelenscliatz ist Gottes Wort,from Gleicb Breitkopf & Hiatel). From G. F. Handel
wie der Regen uud Scliuee Aucli mit ; L' Allegro, il Penseroso, ed il Moderato
gediimiiften, scliwachen Stimmen, from Jubilate, in D ; The Messiah. Airs, for so-
Scliwingt freudig eucb emjDor Liebsler ; prano Cara sjiosa, from Eadamisto Sommi
: ;
Jesu, mein Verlangen Qottloh, gebt ; mm Dei, from do. Vanne, sorella iugrata, from
;
das Jalir zu Eude Hrrr, deiue Giite, from

; do. ; Mio bel tesoro, from Alcina ; 3[io caro
Wer Dank opfert, der preisset micli ; Herr, bene, from Rodclinda ; liitorna, o caro, from
der du stark uud miiclitig bist, from Maine do. ; // vostro maggio, from Rinaldo ; Menli
Seele erbebt den Herren ; Gedenk' an xins eterne, from Lotario Spera si, mio caro ;
mit deiuer Liebe, from Wir danken dir, beue, from Admeto -S'*, t' amo, ocara, from ;
Gott Mein gliiubiges Herze, from Also

; Muzio Scevola S'ei non mi -viiole amar, ;
bat Gott die Welt geliebt. For alto Ein : from Tamerlauo Ah, non son io che parlo. ;
ungefilrbt Gemiitbe Menschen, glaubt docb; from Ezio. For alto Con rauco mormorio, :
dieser Guade, from Christ unser Herr zum from Rodeliuda Coufusa si miri 1' intida ;
Jordan kam Domine Fili unigenite, from

; consorte, from do. Si, si minaccia, e viuta, ;
G Minor Mass Meusch, errette deine

; from Sosarme ; Empio, diro, tu sei, from
Seele, from O Ewigkeit, du Donnerwort Giulio Cesare Pupille sdegnose, from
;
Wie furchtsam wanken meine Scbritte, fi'om Muzio Scevola Un disjirezzato afletto, from
;
Allein zu dir, Herr Jesu Christ. For tenor : Othone Io sperai trovar riposo, from do.
; ;
Welch Uebermaass der Giite, from Wer Son confusa jjastorella, from Poro Stille ;
Dank ojifert Ergiesse dicli reicblich, from

; amare, giii vi sento, from Tolomeo Furi- ;
Wo soil icb ilieben bin Unser Muud und ; bondo spira il veuto, from Partcuope Gi- ;
Ton der Saiten, from Wie sebim leuchtet der acchh morir non posso, from Radamisto
Morgenstern Nun mOgt ibr stolzeu Feiude,
; Vi fida Io sposo, from Ezio. Duets Se :
from Herr, wenndie stolzenFeinde scbnau- teco vive il cor, for 2 S., from Radamisto ;
ben leh will dir zu Ebren leben, from

; Fuor di periglio, for S. and T., fi'om Flori-
Fallt mit Danken ; Die Liebe ziebt mit dante Io t'abbraccio, for S. and A., from
;
sanften Scbritten, from Scbwingt freudig Rodelinda Per le porte del tormento, for
;
eucb empor. For bass VerMiimme, Hol- : S. and A., from Sosarme Eicordali, mio ;
leubeer, from Wo soil icb fliebeu bin Gute ; ben, for S. aud A., from Flavio Deb, per- ;
Nacbt, du Weltgetiimmel, from Wer weiss dona, for S. and A., from do. Vim in te, ;
wie nabe mir mein Eude Dock weicbet, ; for S. aud A., from Tamerlano A teneri af- ;
ibr tollen, vergeblichen Sorgen, from Lieb- fetti, for S. and A., from Othone Cara, piu ;
ster Gott, wann werd' icb sterben ; Golt ist amabile belta, for S. and A., from Giulio
gerecht, from O Ewigkeit, du Donnerwort Cesare Che vai pensando, for S. and B.,
;
Golt, bei deinem starken Schiitzen, from Kammer-Duett, No. 5 Vd,, speme infida, ;
Wiir' Gott nicbt mit uus diese Zeit. Duets :

l)m- !, for 2 S., id.. No. 7 ; Tacete, chime,
Hen; dein IVIitleid, for S. and B., from
and B., id.. No. 10 Langiie, tacete, for S. ;
Herrscber des Himmels, erbijre das Lallen geme, for S. aud A., id., No. 13. From ;
Christe eleison, for 2 S., from the Hohe other composers Astorga's Slabal Mater :
;
Messe Wenn Sorgen auf micb dringen, for Francesco Durante's Magnificat in B-flat.
;
S. and A., from Aeb Gott, wie manches HL Literary works Oifener Brief an Edu- :
Herzeleid Et in unum Dominum, for S. ard Hanslick liber Bearbeitungen iilterer

;
and A., from the Hohe Messe Domine Tonwei'ke, namentlicb Bach'scher und Hiiu-
;
Deus, for S. and A., from the G major del'scber Vocalmusik (Leipsic, 1871) Mit- ;
Mass Four movements from ILisikalischcs theilungen iiber J. S. Bach's Magnificat

;
Opfer, for pianoforte, flute, aud violin (Halle, 1863).—Ambros, Rob. Franz, Fine
FKANZ
Studie (Leipsic, 1872) La JLara, llus. and dramatic composer, son and pupil of
;
Studienkiipfe, iii. 131 Liszt, Ges. Scbrif- Ignaz Friiuzl, whom he greatly surpa.ssed as a
;
ten, 207; Mu8. Wocbeublatt, i. 211, 228,

iv. compo.ser. He joined the !Mannheim court
247 Schumann, Ges. Sebiiften, ii. 348
; ;
band in 1782, made concert tours with his
Schuster, Rob. Franz (Leipsic, 1874) father from 1785, studied under Pleyel
Sarau, Rob. Frauz uud das deutscbe Volks- and Richter in Strasburg, and, after a visit
und KirchenHed (Leipsic, 1875) Illustr. to Paris, went to Italy and studied composi-
;
Zeitg. (1872), i. 288 ii. 213. ; tion under Padre Mattei of Bologna, giving
1''R.1NZ, STEPHAN, bora in Vienna, 1785, concerts in Rome, Naples, an<l Palermo.
died there in 1850 ('!). Violinist, pupil of He became Conzertmeister in Fraukfort-on-
Lis father and several other Viennese violin the-Main in 1792, director of a private or-
teachers, and on the pianoforte pujiil of chestra at Offenbach in 1794, went on con-
Doniinik Ruprecht, and in composition of cert tours from 1799, and visited Poland
Albrechtsberger, besides which he was often and Russia in 1803-6. In 1806 he suc-
advised by Josef Haydu. For a short time ceeded Cannabich as court KapeUmeLster
compelled by his father to follow a mercan- and director of German opera in Munich.
tile career, he was soon led back to music, Pensioned in 1827, he retired to Geneva,
being offered a permanent employment as and later to Mannheim. Spohr considered

teacher, and as first violinist in a jjrivate him an old-fashioned virtuoso. Works
quartet, in a wealthy nobleman's house. He Operas Die LuftbiiUc, Strasburg, 1788 :
;
held this 2)osition in 1803-6, then a similar Adolph und Clara, 1800 Carlo Fioras, ;
one at Presburg, and in 1807 became mu- JIunich, 1800 Haireddin Barbarossa, ib., ;
sical director to a nobleman in Stuhlweis- 1815 Der Fassbinder, ib., 1824 a festival ; ;
senburg county, where he devoted himself composition Die Weihe, ib., 1818 8 con- — ;
to composition. He gave successful concertos and 4 concertinos for violin 9 quar- ;
certs at Presburg, Pesth, and other Hun- tets and 6 trios for strings Overtures, sym- ;
garian cities, returned to Vienna in 1813, phonies, and songs. ileudel .illgem. d. — ;
became first violinist at the Theater an der Biogr., vii. 203 Fetis Grove Wasielewski, ; ; ;
Wien, and in 1816 a member of the imperial Die Violine, 188.

orchestra. In great demand as a teacher, FRANZL, IGN.\Z, bora at Mannheim,
he gave up his position at the theatre in 1818, June 3, 1734, died there in 1803. Virtuoso on
and in 1820 also ceased to perform in pub- the violin, entered the famous court orches-
lic. From 1828 to 1850 he conducted the tra of the Elector ICarl Theodor at Mann-
orchestra of the Burgtheater. Works Sym- heim in 1750, became afterw.ards Conzert-
:
phony 15 overtures about 90 entr'actes

; ; meister and finally Ivapellmeister, in which
;
Grand mass Graduals and offertories capacity he removed with the orchestra to
;
String quintet Several quartets, concert- Munich in 1768. From 1784 he travelled
;
pieces, valuations, solos, etc., for violin ;

for several years with his son Ferdinand,
Septet for flute, violin, oboe, bassoon, horn, 1790 was m.ide director of the tlic-
and in
violoncello, and bass Quintet, ; quartets, His comiwsi-
atre orchestra at ^lanuheim.
trios, and duos for flute Rondo for baq) tions, numbering about twenty works, con-
;
and orchestra ; Two pianoforte trios, varia- sist of concertos, quartets, and trios. Fe- —
tions for pianoforte ; Songs. —Fetis
Mendel Schilling.
; Men- tis ; ;
del ; Wurzbach ; Neue wiener Musikzei- FRASI, FELICE, born in Lombardy in

tung (1856), 4. 1803, died at Vercelli, Sept 8, 1879. Dra-
FlUNZL, FERDIN.VND, born at Schwet- matic composer, pupil at the Conservatorio,
May 24, 1770, died
zingen in the Palatinate, Milan, gained reputation as a pianist .and
in Mannheim, November, 1833. Violinist organist, and at the age of twenty-one
KU.Vr KNLIEr.K
became maestro di cappella of the catbcdral FREDERICK THE GREAT, King of

at Vercelli, Piedmont. His opera La selva Prussia, born at Berlin, Jan. 24, 1712,
di Hermaustadt was given at La Scala, died at Sans Souci,
Milan, in 1827 he also published sonatas
; Aug. 17, 1786. Flut-
for pianoforte, and pastorals for the organ. ist, iûpil of Quautz,
— Fi'tis ; Mendel.
V\ '^'
"j^^^P ^^^° composed for
FIIAUENLIEBE UND LEBEN (Wom- x'
'
- -^^^ lj*"i nearly 300 con-
an's Love and songs by Cha-
Life), eight certos and 200 soli,
luisso, for voice and pianoforte, by Kobert besides exercises
Schumann, op. 42, 18i0. The music to which the king prac-
this cycle reveals an extraordinary depth of tised regularly every
penetration into a side of human character morning. Works:
which men are generally supposed incapable II re jiastore, opera ;
of understanding. Schumann
Overture to Aci e Galatea Marches Arias
treated the ; ; ;
series as a whole, as Beethoven did his Lie- About 100 soli for flute. A complete edi-
derkreis, An die feme Geliebte, j'et with- tion of his compositions is in preparation
out connecting the separate songs even in by Breitkopf & Hilrtel, Leii^sic. Fetis — ;
an external way, as did the Only at Mendel Miiller, Friedr. d. Gr. als Keuner
latter. ;
the close does the pianoforte give an echo uud Dilettant auf dem Gebiete der Ton-
of the first song as a postlude. —
Maitland, kunst (Potsdam, 1847).
68 Eeissmann, 100.
; FREIER (Freyer), AUGUST, born at
FEECH, JOHANN GEOKG, born at Mulda, near Dresden, in 1803, still living,
Kaltenthal, near Stuttgart, Jan. 10, 1790, 1880 (?). Organist, pupil of Cantor Geissler,
died at Esslingen in 1864. Organist and whom he often replaced at the organ, from
pianist, chiefly self-taught, and since 180G, his tenth year. He afterwards went to
when he became assistant teacher at Deger- Poland, and settled at Warsaw, where be
loch, puj)il at Stuttgart of Knecht in har- studied counterpoint under Elssler. In
mony, of Sutor in composition, of Nauz on 1834 he made a concert tour through Ger-
the violin, of Kriiger on the flute, and of many, and after his return was made organ-
Scherzer on the violoncello. In 1811 he ist of the Lutheran Church at Warsaw. He
went to Esslingen, where he became or- has published a large number of composi-
ganist and musical director in 1820, and tions for the organ. Fetis, Supplement, i. —
founded the still existing Liederkranz in 350; Mendel; do., Ergiinz., 113.
1827. His influence upon musical educa- FEEISCHUTZ, DER, German romantic
tion in Wiirtemberg was gi-eat and bene- opera in three acts, text by Friedrich Kind,
ficial. Works Montezuma, op)era Abra- music by Weber, first represented in Ber-
:
;
ham auf Moria, oratorio Cantatas German lin, June 18, 1821. The score was finished.
; ;
mass for mixed chorus Organ and piano- May 13, 1820, at Dresden. The opera was
;
forte pieces; Songs and part-songs. —

Fctis; first named " Der Probeschuss," then " Die
Mendel Schilling.
; Jiigerbraut," but was produced under its
FltEDDI, AMADEO, born in the Vene- present title. The libretto is founded on a
tian States about the close of the 16th cen- story in vol. i. of the " Gespeusterbuch,"
tury. Priest and maestro di cappella succes- edited by Johann August Apel, and Fried-
sively at Treviso and of the Cathedral of rich Lauu (Leipsic, 1810), translated into
Padua. Works : 1601- English by De Quincey under the title of
Madrigals fS'enice,
2) Motets, psalms, hymns, etc. (ib., 1616- " The Fatal Marksman," and which is itself
;
42).— Fetis Van der Straeten, i. 30 Men- founded on a still earlier tale in " Unterre-
; ;
del ; Viotta. dungeu vom Eeiche der Geister," published

freisciiCtz
about the beginning of the seventeenth cen- a flying dove. As he fires the dove takes in
tury. In the opera, i\Iax, a inarksiuiin, in his eyes the form of Agathe and he fancies
love witli Agathe, daughter of Kuno, head he has slain her but she is saved by her
;
ranger to tlie Prince of Bohemia, is recom- wreath and the bullet pierces Caspar's heart.
mended by Kuno, who is ohl and infirm, as Samiel claims his victim, and Max wins his
his successor. Tlic prince agrees to accept brideand the ranger's position amid the
liim if lie is victorious in the coming shoot- general rejoicing. The original cast in Ber-
ing-match. Caspar, also in love with Agathe, lin was as follows
who has sold himself to the demon Samiel,
Agathe Frau Caroline Seidler.
forms a plan to win the girl and to substi-
.\nnchen Frl. Johanna Eunicke.
tute Max for himself in the fulfilment of his
Max Herr Carl Stdmer.
contract with the Evil One. He shows Max Caspar Herr Hcinrich Blume.
the power of magic bullets, made with Sa-
Ottokar Hen- Bebenstein.
niiel's aid, and persuades him to meet him
Kuno Herr Wauer.
ill the Wolf's Glen at midnight to obtain
Samiel — HeiT Hillebrand.
Kilian Herr Wiedemann.
Among the best personators of ^Vgathe is
Therese Malten, whose portrait is given.

Der Freischiitz met with an enthusiastic re-
ception, and its popularity is still vei"y great
in Germany. Its 500th representation was
celebrated in Berlin in 188.5. It was given
in Dresden, Jan. 2(5, 1822, and soon after
in other German cities. An English ver-
sion, entitled Der Freischiitz or The Sev-
enth Bullet, was produced in London, at
the English Opera House, July 22, 1824,
with Ijallads inserted, and it became so
popular that nine diflferent theatres played
at the same time.
it The German version
was brought out at the King's Theatre, May
more. Max keeps his ajipointment, though 9, 1832, and an Italian vei-sion. II franco
terrified by spectres ami gi'otesijue forms, arciero, at Coveut Garden, March 1(!, 1S.")0.
and warned by his mother's spirit, and re- A pasticcio was given in Paris, at the Odi'-
ceives seven l)ullets, six of which are to be on, Dec. 7, 1824, with a new libretto, with
used at Max's will in the coming match, and changes of names and scene, by Castil-Blaze
the seventh is to be directed by the demon and Saiivage, under the title, Robin des Bois.
himself Agathe, warned by a holy hermit An accurate French version of the original
of coming danger, but guarded against it by f]inilion Pacini and Hector licrlioz, with
by a wreath of roses which ho has given recitatives by Berlioz, was produced at the
her, prepares in the third act for lier wed- Acadcmie Roy.ale de ^lusique, June 7, 1841.
ding. Opjn'essed by melancholy forebod- Der Freischiitz was first represented in New
ings, she tells Annchen that she dreamed she York, at the Park Theatre, :March 3, 1825.
was a dove and that Jlax fired at her. On Among its most popular numbera ai-o :
the day of the shooting-match her lover wins " Durch die Walder, durch die Auen," aria
"
with his six magic bullets, and at the com- of Jlax, Act i.. No. 3 " Schelm halt fcst ; ! !,
mand of the prince tires the seventh one at duet between Agathe and .\jinoheu, Act ii..
FK£T/)N
No. C; "^yie nabtc mir <lcr Schluinmcr," Bach : Suite i. D
minor ii. C minor iii. B ; ;
sceue aud aria of Agatlie, Act ii., No. 8 minor ;

; iv. major v. G major vi. E
E-flat ; ;
" Eiust trilumte meiiier seligen Base," ro- major. Published by the Bach-Gesellschaft.
luauce ami aria of Auncheu, Act iii., No. 13 FRESCHI, GIOVANNI DOMENICO, ;
" Wir wiuden dir den Jimgferukranz, " Volks- born in Vicenza, Italy, in 1G40, died there iu
lied, chorus of bridesnmid.s, with soijrauo 1G90. A iiriest, he lived in Veuice in 1G77-
solo, Act iii., No. 14 " "Was gleicht wold 85, and wrote there many operas. On his
;
auf Erden dem Jagervergniigen," chorus of return to Vicenza he became maestro di

—
huntsmen, Act iii.. No. 15. Jiihns, Weher eappella of the cathedral. Works— Operas
iu soinen "NVerken, 297 Larousse, viii. 809 Elena rapita da Paride, Veuice, 1G77 Sar-
; ;
;
Max M. von Weber, Carl M. vou W. (Leip- danapale, ib., 1G78 ; Tullia Superba, ib.,
sic, 18G-4), ii. Edwards, Lyrical 1G78

277, 312 Circe, ib.,
; 1G79 Berenice, ib., ; ;
Drama, i. 33 Hanslick, Moderne Ojier, 1G80

; Giulio Cesare trionfante, 1682 ; ;
GG Berlioz (Apthorp), 39.5 Wagner, Ges. Silla, 1683 and 1699 L' incoronazione di
; ; ;
Schr., i. 257 Burliiigame, Wagner, 92

; Dario, 1684 Teseo tra le rivali, 1685 ;
;
Auihros, Buute Blatter, i. 1 do., ii. 93. Dario, 1G85. Giuditta, oratorio.
; Missa a
FRfeLON, LOUIS FEANCOIS ALEX- cinque, salmi a 3, 4, 5 voci (Venice, IGGO) ;
ANDRE, born at Orleans, France, in 1825, Missa a 6, e salmi a 2, 5, 6 voci (ib., 1673).
still living, 1889. Pianist aud organist, — Fetis ; Mendel.
studied music iu his native city, where he FRESCOBALDI, GIROLA]MO, boru iu
founded a gratuitous course of musical in- Ferrara, 1588, died
struction for workmen in 1847. When the after 1640. Little is
harmonium came into use, he was one of its known of his life. He
most active propagators in Paris, aud pub- studied under Fran-
lished an excellent method for this instru- <;ois Milleville (not
ment. In 1851 he went to London to vep- under Alessandro
resent the organs constructed by the firm Milleville, his father,
of Alexandre. He has composed a great who died, 1589) ; his
number of morceaux de genre, fantaisies, first composition, a
etc., for harmonium, and for do. aud piano- book of five-voice
forte. — Fc'tis, Supplt'meut,
i. 349. madrigals, was pub-
FEEMART, HENRI, French composer lished by P. Phalesius in Antwerp, June
of church music, vicar of Notre Dame de 10, 1608. During this year, Frescobaldi
Paris about the middle of the 17th century, visited Milan. In 1615 he succeeded Er-
having been maitre de musique of the ca- cole Pasquini as organist at St. Peter's
thedral at Rouen in lGll-25. Works: in Rome, his fame being then so great
Missa 4 voc. ad placitum, Ballard coll., that thirty thousand are said to have
1642 Missa 4 voc. ad imit. mod. Coufuu- flocked to the church to hear his first
;
dantur superbi, ib. Missa 5 voc. ad imit. performance.

; The latest record of him
mod. Verba mea auribus, etc., ib., 1G43 is in a letter of P. della Valle (1G40), in;
Missa 5 voc. ad imit. mod. Eripe me, Doraine, which he is mentioned as still living, and
ib. Missa 5 voc. ad imit. mod. Domiue re- fifty-two years old.
; Johann Jacob Fro-
fugium, ib. Missa G voc. ad imit. mod. Ju- berger was his pupil.
; Frescobaldi may
bilate Deo, ib., 1G45 Missa G voc. ad imit. be called the father of the great schools
;
mod. Salvum me fac, Deus, ib. Ft'tis. —

of organ playing and organ music not ;
FRENCH SUITES (Ger., Franzosische only was he the first very imposing fig-
Suiten), the name generally given the six ure we meet with in the history of or-
smaller clavier suites by Johann Sebastian gan writing, but no genius so great as
FREUI3EL
bis is to be found in this department of then of Bemer and Schuabel in Breslau,
composition until we come to J. Sebastian and, finally, at the organists' school in Ber-
Bach. Hawkins's statement lin, of Zelter in harmony and comiKJsition
tliat Fresco-
baldi was the first Italian who played
and of Bernhard Klein in counterpoint. In in the
fugued style is an error which has found 182G he visited Italy, and in 1827 became
much favour with subsoijuent historians. organist of St. Mary Magdalen's Church at
But he probably was the first organist who Breslau. He comjjosed organ and piano-
used the tonal (instead of the real) response forte music, psalms, songs, and part-songs.
in the fugue. Works: 1. Libro primo di Fetis; Mendel. —
Madrigali a 5 voc. (Antwerp, Phalcsius, FREUDENBERG, \ni.HELM, born at
1G08) 2. Libro socondo di MatWgali, etc.
;
Raubacher-Hiitte, near Neuwied, Prussia,
(Milan, 1C08) ; 3. Ricercari e canzoni fran-
:\Iarch 11, 1838, still living, 1889. Dra-
cesi (Home, Borboni, Toccate matic composer, studied music at Leipsic
1G15) ; 4.
. . . e partite d' intavolatura (1G13-27- in 1858-Gl, was then for four years Kapell-
37-57) ; 5. Secoudo libro di toccate, etc. meister at the theatres of different cities,
(Rome, 1015) G. Primo libro dellc canzoni last at Mainz, and in 1SG5 went to Wies-
;
a 1, 2, 3, 4 voci (Rome, 1G28) 7. Primo baden as conductor of the Ciicilienverein

;
libro, Arie musicali, Florence, 1G30 8. and the Syuagogenverein. In 1870 he ;
Capricci sopradiversi soggetti (Venice, 1G2G, founded there a school of music and con-
Rome, 1G27). Separate iîeces are found ducted the Singakademie until 18SG, when
in the following collections Three in Can- he removed to Berlin, and opened a schod
:
zoni per sonare con ogni sorta di stromenti, of music with Mengewein. Works Oi)- —
etc. (Venice, Aless. Rauer, IGUS) One in Se- eras Die Pfahlbauer, burlesque, three acts,
;
:
loctie Cautionos, etc. (Rome, Bart. Zanetti, given at Mainz, March 24, 1877 Die Xe- ;
benbuhler, romantic, three acts, Wiesbaden,

Feb. G, 1879 Kleopatra, four acts, Magde- ;
burg, Jan. 12, 1882 Die ililhle im Wis- ;
perthale, thi'ee acts, Magdeburg, Jan. 21,

1883 ; Ein Tag in Florenz, symphonic
IGIG) ; One in Sccltadi Jfotetti, etc. (Rome, poem ; Durch Duukel zum Licht, overture ;
Zanetti, 1G18) ; Lilia Camjii, etc. (Rome, J. Music to Romeo and Juliet ; Pianoforte
Bapt. Roblctto, 1(;21).— .\mbros, iv. 103, pieces, and songs. —ilendel ; Ricmann ;
438 ; CK'ment, Mus. cc'K'bres, IG. Signale (1879), 433.

FREUBEL, JOHANN LUD\MG PAIT,, FREUDENTILVL, JULK'S, bom at
born at Nanmr in 17G3, died at Amster- Bninswick, April 5, 1805, still living, 1889
dam, May 21, 1828. Organist and violinist, (?). Violinist and flutist, pupil of Karl
and for many years conductor at the Dutch Jliiller, entered the ducal orchestra, of
theatre, Amsterdam. Works De vrouwe- : which he time became musical director,
in
lijke recruton, ballet, 1788 Several other ; retiring in 18G0 on account of his health.
ballets Do triomf der liofdc, symphony,
; He evinced a remarkable talent for the hu-
1793 Hot vredefcest, 1802 14 cantatas
; morous genre of music, and his comic songs
; ;
3 concertos for violin and (juartets for male voices, but especially
; Several overtures ;
Psalms ; —
Popular songs. Fotis, Supple- his operettas, and opera-travesties— capital
ment, i. 350 Viotta. ; satires on modern, chiefly Italian, operas
FREUDENBERG, K.VRL GOTTLIEB, must be mentioned with distinction. Men- —
born in a village of Silesia, Jan. 15, 1797, del ; Schilling.
died at Breslau, April 13, 18G9. Organist, DICH, ERLOSTE FREUE SCH.UR
pupil of the Cantor Klein at Schmiedeberg, church cantata, Festo S. Joauuis Bapt., for
FEEUNDE
solo voices and cliorus;, -with accompaniment Gassmann. In 1759 he joined the chape\
of 3 trumpets, drums, 2 flutes, 2 oboes, of Prince Eszterhazy at Eisenstadt as tenor,
strings complete, and continuo, by Johann and in 1776 became Kapellmeister of the
Sebastian Bach (Year V, No. 30, Bacb-Ge- Jesuits' and Minorites' churches at Vienna.
sellscliaft ed.) ;
published also in full score, Works ; Nine masses Five motets ; ; Stabat
with additional accompaniments by Robert Mater ; Requiem Graduals and
; offerto-
Franz, and in pianoforte score, by Leuc- ries. — Fetis ; Mendel ; Schilling.
kart (Leipsic). FRIDOLIN, or the Message to the Forge,
FREUNDE VON SALAMANKA, DIE, cantata, by Alberto Randegger, written for
operetta in two acts, text by Mayrhofer, and first performed at the Birmingham
music by Franz Schubert, written in 1815, (England) Festival, Aug. 28, 1873. Tlie
never performed. The music, which was text, by Mme Erminea Rudersdorff, is
written between Nov. 18 and Dec. 31, is on founded on Schiller's ballad, " Der Gang
a large scale, the first act alone filling 320 nach dem Eisenhammer." Characters rep-
pages. The MS. is in the possession of Dr. resented Waldemar, Count of Saverne Eg-
: ;
Eduard Schneider, Vienna. The libretto is lantine, Countess of Saverne Fridolin, page ;
lost.— Hellborn (Coleridge), i. 72. to the Countess Hubert, squire to the ;
FREUDESAUSEN, JUBELBRAUSEN. Count. The cantata was a complete suc-

See Stradella. cess. Published by Chappell (London).
FREUDIG BEGRtJSSEN WIR DIE Ujiton, Standard Cantatas, 299. —
EDLE HALLE. See Tannhauscr. FRIDZERI, ALEX.\NDRE MARIE AN-
FREYSTADTLER (Freystildler), FRANZ TOINE FRIXER, called, born at Verona,
JACOB, born at Salzburg, Sept. 13, 1760, Italy, Jan. IC, 1741, died in Antwerp in
died in Vienna in 1841. Organist, pupil of 1819. Violinist, and virtuoso on the man-
Georg Lipp, competed successfully against dolin. He lost his sight when a year old,
thirtj'-two applicants for the organist's and learned to play the mandolin without
place at the Domstift of St. Peter, which a teacher he had five different violin
;
he held for six years, then taught music for teachers, constructed his own mandolin at
two years in Munich, whence he went to eleven, learned the flute, the viol d' amore,
Vienna in 178G, and soon secured many pu- the organ, the horn, and several other in-
pils through the recommendation of his struments without instruction, and never re-
countryman and school-mate Mozart. He ceived any lessons in harmony or counter-
published many pianoforte comjjositions, point. He was organist of the Chajjel la
mostly didactic, besides characteristic pro- Madonna del Monte Berico, at Viceuza, for
gramme-pieces, like Die Belagerung von three years, and at the age of twenty-four
Belgrad, Mittag und Abend, Der Friihling- started on a concert tour, played at the Con-
smorgen, etc., and songs, and left in manu- certs Spirituels in Paris (where he remained
script over 60 works, consisting of concer- two years), travelled through the northern
tos, fantasias, organ preludes, cadenzas, etc. part of France, Belgium, Germany, lived
— Allgem. wiener Musikzeitung (1842), No. in Strasburg over a year, and returned to
121; Fetis; Gerber Mendel; Schilling; Paris in 1771. He went to Brittany, and
;
Wurzbach. spent twelve years with the Comte de Cha-

FRIBERTH, KARL, born at Wullers- teaugiron, visiting Paris several times. On
dorf. Nether Austria, June 7, 1736, died in the breaking out of the Revolution he went
Vienna, Aug. 6, 1816. Church composer to Nantes, and established a philharmonic
and tenor singer, first instructed by his academy. The terrors of the war in the
father, then studied in Vienna under the Vendee caused him in 1794 to seek refuge
guidance of the court composers Bono and in Paris, whence he left for Antwerp in 1801,
FRISCIIMUTII
settled there as amusic teacher, and estab- in Berlin. Having travelled in France and
lished a trade in music and instruments. Italy, he settle<l in 1800 at Glogau, Silesia,
Works Les deux miliciens, comic opera, and in 1807 at Liegnitz, where he conducted
:
given at the Conu'dio Italienue, 1772 Les the Singakademie in 1807-77, went ouce ;
souliers mordon's, do., ib., 177C Lucette, more to Berlin to study under Kiel, and in
;
do., ib., 1785 Les Thermopyles, gi-and 187'J to Stuttgart. Works: Die Jahre.s-
;
opera ; Si.K quartets for strings ; Six sonatas zeiten, symphony ; Fingal, oratorio ; David,
for mandolin Two concei'tos for violin
; ;
do. Concerto for violin do., for piano-
; ;
Hyniphonio conccrtanto for two violins, viola, forte Sonata fordo., op. 2 Sanctus, Beno-
; ;
and orchestra Six quartets, 2d book Duos

; ; dictus, and Agnus Dei for mixed chorus, soli,
for violins Six romances for voice and
; and orchestra Pianoforte
; pieces, songs, and
pianoforte. VCtia Mendel. ; choruses. —
Riemann.
FRISCHMUTII, JOHANN CHRISTIAN, FROBERGER, JOHAXN JACOB, born
born at Schwabhauscn, Gotha, died in Ber- (Mattheson says in Halle, but no proof has
lin, July 'M, 1700. Dramatic composer, was been found) early part of 17th century (the
nuisical director of various travelling com- date usually given, 1C35, is undoubtedly
panies, and small theatres, then lived for many j-ears too late), died at Hi'ricourt
some years at Gotha, and removed to Ber- (HauteSaone), France, May 7, 1007. Tiie
lin, where ho became director of the DOb- story of his life has been made the nucleus
blia Theatre in 1785, and Kapellmeister of of a large amount of accumulated fiction ;
the National Theatre in 1787. Works Die : Fi'tis's acount is eminently untrustworthy,
krauko Frau, Clarissa, Das ^loilereich, oper- and ]Mattheson's dates are mostly wrong.
ettas Sonatas for pianoforte
; Duets for ; The following facts are known : Jan. 1,
violin, etc. — Fetis ; Mendel ; Schilling. 1037, he was appointed, by Emperor Fer-
FRITHJOF, cantata, for soli, male chorus, dinand in., organist in the imperial Hofmvi-
and orchestra, by Max Bruch, op. 23. sikkapelle, Vienna, where he remained un-
Scenes from the Frithjof-Saga of Esaias til Sept. 30, when he was sent by the Em-
Tegner. The cantata opens with Fritlijof's peror to study under Frescobaldi, at Rome,
return from the Orkneys, and closes wîth where he changed from the Lutheran to
his sailing away in " Ellida " to become a the Romish faith, in accordance with the
sea rover, after firing the temple in which Emperor's wish. [
In 1041 he returned to
the false kings are sacrificing. — Upton, Vienna, and resumed his position as court
Standard Cantatas, 87. organist. He relinciuishcd this post in Oc-
FRITHJOF - SYMPHONIE, symphony Vienna certainly as tober, 1045, but staid in
for orchestra, September, 104'.). He occupied this
by Heinrich Hofmanu, op. late as
22, written in 1874. post for a third time from April 1, 1053, to
FRITZ, KA8PAR, born in Geneva in June 30, 1057, when he incurred the Em-
171(), died there in 1782. Violinist, pupil peror's displeasure (how, is not known) and
in Turin of Giovanni Battista Somis. was discharged in disgrace. Ho then en-
Works Quartets and solos for violin 6 tered the service of Sybilla, Dowager Duch-
: ;
symphonies Concerto for harpsichord, ess of Wiirtemberg, as teacher and music

;
etc. — Fetis ; Mendel, iv. G7 ; do., Ergiiuz, director, and passed the last yeai-s of his life
115. at her home at Hericourt, much beloved

FRITZE, WILHEL:\r, born Bremen, and revered by his pupil and patroness. He
in
Feb. 17, 1842, died in Stuttgart, Oct. 7, died suddenly of a stroke of apoplexy while
1881. Pianist, pupil in Bremen of Sobo- at evening prayers, and was buried, May
lewski, then studied at the Conservatorium 10, in the church at Ba\nlliers (Haut-Rhiu).
in Leipsic, and under Billow and Weitzmann The monument erected over his tomb by
FrÔM
Sybilla was destroyed during the French I in Stuttgart. This, and another edition,
Eevolution. Besides these absohitely known dated
i 1714, are printed from the same
facts of Froberger's life, his visits to Paris, ' plates as the first, but bear different titles.
Dresden, and Loudon may be accounted as No copy of the edition of 1714 is known to
more than probable. In Paris he caught exist. ) 2. Diverse. etc.. Prima con- . . .
the ornamented lute-style of Galot and Gau- tinuazione Mogont, 1696. 3. Suites
. . .
tier and applied it to the clavecin, which de Clavecin, par Giacomo Froberger, 2me
\
proves that the accepted legend which credits I'dition Amsterdam Roger. (A copy is in
; :
Couperiu (1GG8-1733) with originating the the Berlin Library.) Several volumes of au-
oruaniented clavecin-style
false, for the so-called French
agrements are found plenti-
fidly in
works.
Froberger's clavecin
Internal evidence goes
^w {fuu/rmo
to place the date of his visit to
Paris before his return fromHome to Vienna! tograph MS., dated 1619 and 16.56, are in
in 1637. His visit to Dresden was probably the Berlin Library four volumes do., in ;
between 1616 and 1657. The date of his visit the Vienna Hofbibliothek. Ambros, iv.
[
—
to London is set at 1662 by Dr. Franz Geh- 463 Edmund Schebek, Zwei Briefe iiber
1
;
ring in Grove's Dictionary, relying ujion J. J. Froberger,

j
. . . (Prague, 1874)
Matthesou, but Ambros suspects that this Samml. mus. Vortriige,
;
v. 357.
date should be earUer, before Froberger's! FROM LOVE UNBOUNDED. See"Aus
final departure from Vienna in 1657. That Liebe, uur aus Liebe," in Johann Sebastian
i
Froberger went to Mainz after quitting Vi- Bach's Passion nach Matthiius.
j
enna, as asserted by Gerber, is more than FROMM, E I L born at Spremberg,

i M ,
doubtful. Froberger was the first of the Nether Lusatia, Jan. 29, 1835, still living,
great German organists and claveciuists. 1889. Organist, pupil of A. W. Bach, Grell,
'
He brought the grand Italian stjde of or- and Schneiiler, at the Royal Institute for
gau writing, which, first developed by Church Music in Berlin, became cantor at
Claudio Merulo (1533-1604), culminated in Cottbus in 1859, received the title of royal
Frescobaldi (1588 —
?), to Germany, and director of music in 18G6, and went to
was thus the real father of the great Ger- Flensburg as organist of St. Nicholas's in
man organ school, the precursor of Pachel- 1869. Works: Die Kreuzigungdes Herrn,
bel, Buxtehude, and the other immediate oratorio Two Passion cantatas Organ mu-
; ;
predecessors of Sebastian Bach. His style, sic, and songs. Mendel. —

if somewhat less grand than that of his FROM anOHTY KINGS, soprano air in
master Frescobaldi, was more easily grace- A major, in Handel's Judas Maccabseus,
ful and elegant. Ambros calls him the Part n.
earliest salon-composer. None of his works FROM THE VALLEYS AND HILLS.
were published during his lifetime. Those See Bohemian Girl.
published since are 1. Diverse ingegnosis-
: FROST, CHARLES JOSEPH, born at
sime e rarissime Partite di Toccate, Canzoni, Westbury-on-Trim, near Clifton, England,
Eicercari . Stampate da Ludovico June 20, 1848, still living, 1889.
' Organist,
Bourgeat . Mogont., 1693. (Two pupil of his father, who was organist at
!
copies, one with Italian, the other with Ger- Tewkesbury from 1849, of George Cooper,
1
man title, are in the possession of Dr. F. Steggall, and Sir John Goss was organist ;
Gehring in Vienna. A copy of a rejn-int, successively at different places from 1865 to

I
1695, is in the possession of Prof Im. Faisst 1884, when be succeeded Henry Robert
j
FK(J^()
Gadsby at St, Peter's, IJrocklcj-, Surroj-, a FRLHLINGSKLANGE (Sounds of

position which he still Lolils. He has been Spring), symphony No. 8, in X, for orches-
also ijrofesbor of the tra, by Joachim Raff, op. 205, first per-
organ at Guildhall formed, 1878.
School of Music since FRUHLINGSPHANT.LSIE (Spring Fan-
1880. Mus. Bac, Cam- tasy), cantata (Conzertstiick) for four solo
bridge, 18 7 7; ]\Ius. voices, orchestra, and pianoforte, by Niels
Doc, ib., 1882. Works Wilhelm Gade, op. 23, written in 1850.
Nathan's Parable, ora Subject, a poem by Edmund Lobedanz,
torio, 1878 Harvest ; translated into English by ilrs. Van der
cantata,1880 By the ; Weyde, for tho performance of the work in
Waters of Babylon, can- London, 1878, under the direction of von
tata, 187(j ; Sen'ices Billow. — Upton, Standard Cantatas, 14C.
Anthems Te Deum Symphony for orches-
; ; FRY, WILLIAM HENRY, born, of .Amer-
tra, 1878 Evening Service in D, 188:5 The
; ; ican parentage, in Philadelphia, Pennsj-1-
Gypsies, chorus, 1888; Organ music, and vania, Aug. 10, 1815, died in Santa Cruz,
songs. West
About 1835 Indies, Dec. 21, 18G4.
FROVO, JOXO ALVAREZ, born went through a course of musical in-
in Lis- he
bon, Nov. 10, l(i()8, died in January, l(;s2. struction in the United States, and wrote
Mestre dc capclla to Dom Joiio IV., and of four orchestral overtures which were pub-
the Cathedral of Lisbon, and librarian of licly performed in 18-15 ho produced an ;
the royal musical liljrary. He composed English opera entitled Leonora, which was
hymns, masses, motets, etc., jî'eserved in given in Philadelphia, and later in New
tlic royal library of Portugal, and wrote sev- York. In 1846 he went to Europe as
eral theoretical works. Fetis —
Vasconcel- regular coirespondent of tho New York
;
los, Mus. Portug., i. 113 Mendel. Tribune, and on his return to New York,
;
FRUH, ARMIN LEI5ERECHT, born at in 1852, be became its musical editor. Ho

Miihlhausen, Bavaria, Sept. 15, 1820, still wrote the music to an ode for the opening
living, 1889. Dramatic compose!', pupil of of tho New York Industrial Exhibition of
Dehn in Berlin, where he settled to teacli 1853, and about this time delivered a
vocal music. In 1857 he invented an appa- course of ten lectures on the history of
ratus, called by him Semcio-Melodicon, to music, illustrated by performances of com-
facilitate elementary musical instruction, by positions, among them two of his own .sym-
introducing the notes to sight and hearing phonies. The Breaking Heai-t, and A Day in
simultaneously. Having travelled and se- the Country. A second opera, Notre Damo
cured approvals for his invention from such de Paris, was produced at the Academy of
authorities as Fi'tis, Moscheles, Stephen Music, Philadelphia, in April, 18G4. Be-
Heller, Auber, Haluvy, Dreyschock, the sides those mentioned, his principal works
Paris Conservatoire, etc., he settled in 1858 are a set of symphonies, performed by
in Dresden, to establish a factory, but JuUion's orchestra in New York ; Stabat
failed in his enterprise. Works Operas — : Mater, 1854 ; Violin quartets, 1855 ;
Can-
Die Bergkuappen Die boiden Figaro Der; ; tatas ; Songs, etc.
Stern von Grenada Nachtigall und Savoy- ; FUCHS, ALBERT, born at Basel, Aug.
arde A symphony, and songs. Mendel.
; — 6, 1858, still living, 1889. Instrumental
FRUHLINGS - BOTSCH.VFT (Spring's and vocal composer, pupil at the Conserva-
Message), cantata (Conzertstiick) for chorus torium, Leipsic (1870-79), became music
and orchestra, by Niels Wilhelm Gade, op. director at Treves in 1880, and settled at
35. Breilkopf and Hiirtel (Leipsic). OberlOssnitz, near Dresden, in 1883. He
FITCIIS
has composed Hunfjarian suites for orelies- ing, 1889. Dramatic composer, pupil of
tra, ijianoforte pieces, aud songs. —
Rie- Sechter iu Vienna, became opera-Kapell-
luann. meister at Presburg in 1864, then acted in
FUCHS, FERDINAND KARL, born iu the same capacity at difterent theatres ; last
Vienna, Feb. 11, 1811, died there, Jan. 7, in Cologne, Hamburg, and Leipsic, aud since
184:8. Dramatic composer, pupil of the 1880 at the imperial oiêra, Vienna. His
Conservatoriuni, Vienna, where he soon be- opera Zingara was given at Briinn, Moravia,
came popular through his numerous songs. 1872 ; he wrote additional accompaniments
His operas, Gutteuberg, and Der Tag der to Handel's Almira for representation at
Verlobung, given 1812, show many pleasing Hamburg, and revised Schuljert's Alfonso
features, but lack originality. A third op- und Estrella, and Gluck's Der betrogene
era, Die Studenten von Salamanca, was not Kadi, for Vienna. His brother Robert
given. — Wiener allgem. Musikzeitg. (1840), (born, Feb. 15, 1847), pupil at the Couser-
Nos. 41, 42; (1848), 11-17, 19-23; Wurz- vatorium, Vienna, where he teaches har-
bach. mony, has published a symphony, op. 37, a
FUCHS, GEORG FRIEDRICH, born at quartet, a trio, 3 serenades, 2 sonatas for
Mainz, Dec. 3, 1752, died in Paris, Oct. 9, violin, sonata for pianoforte, several varia-
1821. Instrumental composer, pupil of tions, etc. — Riemann.
Caunabich at Mannheim, became military FUCHS, PETER, born in Bohemia about
music director at Zweibriicken, whence he 1750, died in Vienna, 1804. Violin virtu-
went to Paris in 1784. At the foundation oso, studied in Prague, where he enjoyed
of the Conservatoire he was appointed one considerable reputation as early as 1768
of the teachers to form the musicians for then went to Hungary. In 1794 he was ap-
the armies of the French Republic. Works : pointed violinist in the imperial chajsel in
Marches for militai'y baud Concertos for
; Vienna. He published a concerto for vio-
flute, clarinet, and horn Quartets, trios, and
; lin, sonatas for violin and violoncello, and
duos for wind instruments Six quartets ; variations for violin. — Mendel ; Schilling.
for strings. — Fetis Gerber Mendel Schil-
; ; ; FUENTES, Don PASQUALE, born at
ling. Albayda, Valencia, early part of the 18th
FUCHS, JOHANN (NEPOMUK), born century, died, April 26, 1768. Church com-
iu Vienna, June 29, 17G6, died at Eisen- one of the best of the Valenciau
poser,
stadt, Hungary, Oct. 29, 1839. Dramatic school. He was maestro de capilla of the
aud church composer, pupil and great fa- Church of S. Andres and iu 1757 of the Ca-
vourite of Haydn, whom he succeeded as thedral of Valencia. Works Masses Te : ;
conductor of Prince Eszterhazy's famous Deums Motets for 6 to 12 voices Vilhan-

; ;
orchestra. He numbers among the best cicos with orchestral accomjsaniment. Fe- —
church composers of his time. His complete tis Mendel Viotta. ; ;
works are in the princely archives at Eisen- FUETSCH, J0ACHI:M JOSEF, born at
stadt, and consist of 20 operas, 3 operettas, Salzburg, Aug. 12, 1766, died (?). Violon-
1 cantata, 28 masses, 51 offertories and grad- cellist, self-taught, afterwards pujiil of Luigi
uals, 31 litanies and vespers, 62 Salve Regina, Zardonati, who came for a year especially
Ave, etc., and hymns, 1 Te Deum, 2 over- for this purpose from Verona, engaged by
tures for orchestra, 1 nonet, 1 octet, 1 quar- the Archbishop of Salzburg, whose court
tet, 3 ti'ios, and 15 quartets for male voices. violoncellist Fuotsch had become. With
— Theaterzeitung (Vienna, 1840), 688 Luigi Gatti he studied thorough bass, and
;
Wurzbach. with Michael Haydn composition. Before

FUCHS, JOHANN NEPOMUK, born taking up the violoncello he had been in-
at Fraueuthal, StjTia, May 5, 1842, still liv- structed ou the violin by Hafeneder and
FtHRER
Leopold Mozart. He composed concertos, '
Buenos Ayres, 1852 ; Several compositions
sonatas, solos, etc., for violoncello, also for ( for orchestra. — Riemann.
violoncelloand bass, and published three FUNERAL ANTHEM, music by Handel,
—
j
and four-part songs foriualo voices. Fctis ; j

composed for and performed at the funeral
Mendel Schilling "Wiirzbacb.
; ; of Queen CaroUne, in the Chapel of Henry
FUHK]':il, KOBEUT, born at Prague, VH, Westminster Abbey, Dec. 17, 1737.
June 2, 1807, died in Vienna, Nov. 28, The score, in Buckingham Palace, is headed :
18G1. Organist, pujiil of Witasek, was at " The Anthem for the Queens Carolines Fu-
first organist at Struhow, appointed princi- neral," and is dated Dec. 12, 1737. The
pal instructor at the organists' school in text, from Psalm.s, was probably selected by
Prague, 1830, and organist of the cathedral, the comjwser himself. Though the score
1839. His irregular life caused the loss of occupies, in its published form, about
his position in 1843, after which he lived in eighty pages,
was written within five it
Salzburg, J3avaria, and Upper Austria, ob- days. It was given by eighty singers and
taining an appointment as organist at one hundred instrumental perfonncrs.
Gmunden and Ischl in 1857, which he did First printed by Walsh full score, Hiindel- ;
not keep long. He finally settled in Vienna, gesellschaft (Leipsic, 18(jl). Schcelcher, —
where he died in the hospital. Works Handel, 192 Rockstro, 200 Chrjsander, ; ;
Twenty masses, and other church music ii. 43G.

Preludes, fugues,etc., for the organ Sev- FUOR DI PERIGLIO, duet for soprano
;
—
works about the organ. Fe- and tenor (Rossane and Timante) in F ma-
eral theoretical
tis; Mendel Wurzbach. ; jor, with accompaniment of 2 llutes, 2 oboes,
FUITE EN I':GYPTE, L.\. See Enfancc 2 bassoons, strings complete, and cembalo,
du Christ. in Handel's Flonddule, Act ii Published
FUMAGALIJ, ADOLFO, born at In- with additional accomi)animent8 by Itobert
zago, near Milan, Oct. 19, 1828, died in Fr.anz, Leipsic, Kistner.
Florence, Jlay 3, 185G. Pianist, pupil, at FlUCHTE DICH N^CHT, chorus in
the Milan Couservatorio, of Angeleri. He Mendelssohn's Eliai', Part U.
gave his first concerts in Jlilan in 1848, FURIBONDO SPIRA IL VENTO, con-
then visited Turin and Paris, travelled in tralto aria of Arsace, in E minor, with ac-
Belgium in 18.')4, played in companiment of violins in unison, and bass,
.and afterwards
many Italian cities. Fantasia on I in Handel's I'artenoix', Act iii. Published
AVorks :
Puritani (^lilan), Gi-andefantaisiede concert with additional accompaniments by Robert

on the same Others on La Favorite, Lucia,
; Franz, Leipsic, Kistner.
Norma, etc. Caprices, tarantellas, marches, FUHIO C.A.:MILL0. Sec CamiUus.
etc. Concerto fantastique with orchestra,
; FURLANETTO, BONAVENTURA (sur-
entitled Les clochettes. Fi'tis Filippi, — ; named Musin), born in Venice, May 27,
Delia vita e delle opere di Ad. F. (Milan) ;
1738, died there. April 6, 1817. Organist,
Mendel Wurzbach.
; educated at the Jesuit College, Venice, took
FUJn, VINCESL.\0, born at Montepul- orders, and devoted himself to music. Ho
became maestro of the girls' choir of La
ciano, Italy, Oct. 30, 182(>, died at Florence,
Nov. 20, 1880. Dramatic and instrumental Pieta, and in 1797 maestro di cappella of
composer, pupil of Giorgetti at Florence S. JIarco. He was celebrated for his;
was maestro di cappolla to the operatic fugues, and on his appointment as maestro
stages of dift'orent Italian cities, and in Con- of counterpoint at the Philharmonic Listi-
stantinople, Rio de Janeiro, Buenos Ayres, tutiou of Venice, in 1811, he \>Tote for his
and ^lontevideo, and returned afterwards to pupils a treatise on fugue and counterpoint,
Florence. Works : Atala, opera, given at which still remains in MS. Works :
La
FtrilSTENAU
caduta delle mnra di Gerico, and La sposa whither he went after having occupied a po-
de' Sacri Cantici, II Tobia, and II voto di sition as music master at Presburg, where
Jefte, Giovauni Nepomu- he brought out also a duodrama, Pyramus
oratorios ; II S.
ceno, sacred cantata und Thysbe. His compositions in Vienna
; Galatea, dramatic can-
tata Te Deum Dies irre Psalms, etc. aroused the interest of Haydn, who assisted
; ; ;
— Cafi5, Delia vita e del comporre di B. him with advice. Recalled to Presburg as
Furlauetto (Venice, 1820).— Fetis La- Ka^jellmeister at the theatre, he proved him- ;
rousse Mendel Wurzbacb.

; ;
self a skilful conductor and considerably
FURSTENAU, ANTON BERNHAED, raised the standard of the opera there, but
born at Miinster, Oct. 20, 1792, died at finally chose Vienna for his permanent resi-
Dresden, Nov.18, 1852. Virtuoso ou the dence. Of his works, the following were
son and pupil of Kaspar Fiirstenau, jniblished Quartets and trios for wind in-
flute, :
whom lie even surpassed. He appeared struments Duos for jjianoforte and violin ; ;
as a solo player when

seven Sonatas for pianoforte (2 and 4 hands)
scarcely ;
years old, and from 1803 travelled exten- Rondos, variations, and dances for piano-
sively with his father, earning everywhere forte Song.s. Besides these are known a ;
enthusiastic he settled at
applause, mass and other church music an overture
until ;
Dresden in 1820 as royal chamber musi- to Schiller's Braut von Messina the duo- ;
cian. His last concert tour was made with dramas Watwort, Isaak, Judith, Jacob und :
Weber to London, in 1826. He jjublished Rahel the operetta, Der Kiifig Pandorens ; ;
about 150 works, consisting of concertos, Biichse, a jmrody Melodramas with cho- ;
fantasias, rondos, variations, studies, tran- ruses, and cantatas. Fctis Mendel Schil- — ; ;
scriptions, duos, trios, quartets, etc., for the ling Wurzbach. ;
flute, which rank high among compositions FUX, JOHANN JOSEPH, born at Hir-
for this instrument. — Allgem. d. Biogr., viii. tenfeld, near Gratz, Styria, in 1660, died in
214 ; Mendel Schilling.
Fotis ; ; Vienna, Feb. 13, 1741. He was apjrointed
FURSTENAU, IvASPAR, born at Miin- organist of the Scliottenkirche, Vienna, in
ster, Feb. 26, Oldenburg, 1696, and in 1698 the Emijeror Leopold I.
1772, died at
May 11, 1819. flute, pupil made him
Virtuoso ou the court composer he became ;
ot his father, who was a member of the Kapellmeister to the Cathedral of St. Ste-
bishop's orchestra at Miinster, and of Anton 2Jhen in 1705, vice-Kapellmeister to the impe-
Romberg then of Josef Franz Antony in rial court in 1713, and at the same time Ka-
;
comjjosition. In 1793 he made his first suc- pellmeister to the Dowager Empress Wil-
cessful concert tour through Germany, and helmine Amalie. On the death of Ziani,
in 1794 became first flutist in the court or- in 1715, he was made chief Kajêllmeister
chestra at Oldenburg. When the latter was to the court, the highest office then open to
disbanded, in 1811, he set out on extensive a musician. Many marks of imperial favour
travels with his son Bernhard, on which were bestowed upon him. He dedicated
both acquired worldwide reputation. Of his fii'st work to Archduke, afterwards Em-
his numerous compositions about 60 works peror, Joseph I., and his Gradus ad Par-
are known, consisting of concertos, fan- uassum to the Emperor Charles \'I. The
tasias, rondos, variations, pot-pourris, etc. latter monarch had him brought from Vi-
— Allgem. d. Biogr., viii. 215 ; Fetis ; Men- enna from gout,
in a litter, while suiifering
del ; Schilling. to witness the coronation in Prague in
FUSS, JOHANN EVANGELIST, born 1723 and to listen to one of his own operas.
at Tolna, Hungary, in 1777, died in Vienna, In spite of painful illness and all the in-
March 9, 1819. Dramatic and church com- trigues of court he kept his office and faith-
posei-, pupil of Albrechtsberger in Vienna, fully performed its duties until his death.
GAEELLONE
He was buried at St. Stephen's. Among his works number 405
'
and hut a small portion
;
best pupils were M'ageuseil, Tuma, Muffiit, of them has been Most of them,
printed.
and Zeleuka. He was a master of composi- either in autograph or copies, are in the
tion, as understood iu Lis time, of the ai't of Vienna Imperial Librarj-. Kuchel, Johann —
interweaving contrapuntal and fugue forms Josef Fux, etc. (Vienna, 1872) Allgem. d. ;
in the waj- then admired. His oi)eras do Biogi-., viii. 272 Futis Gerber Mendel: ; ;
not rise above the Italian taste of his day, Schilling ; AV'urzbacb.
but he is seen to better advantage in his
church music, where his reverent spu-it pre-
vented his abuse of the polyphonic writing G.\BELLONE, G.VSP.\RO, bom at
80 easy to him. If he had possessed the Naples about 1730, died (?). Cluirch
genius of his younger contemporaries, Bach composer, and one of the best singing
and Handel, to rise above mere musical mastei-s of Italy.A Requiem mass by him
fonns, he would not have incurred the ob- was a model of its kincL The following
livion and the rei)utation of a pedant, which works are in the Library of S. Pietro a Ma-
are now perhaps unjustly his fate. Works : jella, Naples Mass for four voices and in-
:
290 compositions in cliurch music, including struments, original MS. ; Passion for Good
50 masses, among them the Missa canouica, Friday, 1774 ; Fugues for two voices, 1783 ;
a masterpiece 3 Requiems ; 2 Dies ine ;

;
Christus and Miserere for four voices 3 ;
1 Domine Jesu Christe 1 Libera me, Do- ; Tantum ergo Cantatas and arias.— Fctis.
;
mine 57 vespers and psalms 22 litanies

; ; GABLER, CHRISTOPH AUCiUST, born
and completoria oflertories ; H
12 gi-adu- ; at iliihldorf, Voigtland, March 15, 17C7,
als; 22 motets and 106 hymns. Further,
; died in St. Petersburg, Ajjril 1.5, 1839.
10 oratorios in Italian 18 operas, some ; Studied theology, acted as secretary to a
of which were La clemenza di Augusto,
: nobleman, and then pursued the study of
1702 La decima fatica d' Ercole, 1710
; law and music together in Leipsic. He was
Elisa Angelica vincitrice d' Alcina, 1716
;
;
a music teacher and concert player in Reval
Psyche, 1719 Costanza e Fortezzn, 1723
; ;
in 1800 and the same in St. Petersburg
La Corona d' Arianna, 1726 Enea negli ; from 1836. Works Der Pilger am Jordan, :
Elisi, 1731. Instrumental music: The Con- oratorio Songs

; Pianoforte and other in-
;
centus musico-iustiiimentalis, his opus 1 strumental music. —Mendel ; Fetis ; Schil-

(1701) Many other partitas 38 sacred
; ; ling.
sonate a tre Overtures and 8 pieces for
; ; G.\BRIEL, (M.\RY ANN) VIRGDfL\,
clavier. The Gradiis ad Parnassum (Vienna, born at Banstead, Surrey, England, of Irish
1725, also many later editions and transla- parentage, Feb. 7, 1825, died in London,
tions) is in Latin and treats of the theoi-y Aug. 7, 1877. Dramatic composer, pupil
and practice of composition. It was aj)- on the pianoforte of Pisis, D«»hler, and
proved of by Piccinni, Martini, and Vogler; Thalberg, and in hai'mony and construction
Albrechtsberger and Cherubini followed its of Molique. She mai-ried in 1874 George
method young Mozart used it iu bis con
; R March, the author of most of her librettos.
Her death was the
result of a carriage
accident.Works
Operettas The :
Widows Bewitched,
given in London,
trapuntal exercises, and Haydn studied it The Grass Widows The Shepherd
1867 ; ;
again and again. Altogether, his known of Cornouailles Who's the Heir ? A liainy ; ;
GABEIELI
Day. Dreamland, 1870 Grazi-
Cantatas ; ; Clearco in Negroponte, Venice, 16S5 ; Ro-
ella ; Manj' songs, sonic
Evangeline, 1873. doaldo, re d' Italia, Teatro San Mose,
ib.,
of which were popular. Grove Brown. — ;

1685 ; Teodora Augusta, ib., Teatro S. Sal-
GABIIIELI, ANDREA, born in the Cana- vadore, 1685 ; Maurizio, ib., 1687 ; Gordi-
reggio quarter (whence called also Andrea ano, ib., 1688 ; Le generose gare tra Cesare
da Canareggio, or da Canareio) of Venice e Pompeo, Venice, 1G8G Carlo il Grande, ;
about 1510, died in Venice, 158G. Born of ib., 1688 Cautate a voce sola (Bologna,
;
one of the oldest and most distinguished 1691) Vexillum pacis, motet for contralto
;
families in Venice, he studied composition with instruments (ib., 1695) B:illctti, gighe, ;
under Adricn Willacrt. In 153G he entered correnti, e sarabande, for two violins and
the choir of St. Mark's in 1558 he was, to-
; violoncello, with basso continue (ib., 1703).
gether with Zarlino, elected member of the — Fi'tis Mendel.
;
Acc;idemia delta Fama

15GG he suc- ; in GABRIELI, GIOVANNI, born in Venice,
ceeded Claudio Merulo as second organist 1557, died there, Aug. 12, 1612 (1613?).
at St. Mark's, and again as first organist in Church composer and organist, nephew
1584. In 1571: the Republic commissioned and pupil of Andrea Gabrieli, acquired con-
Lira to write the music given at the recep- siderable reputation early in life, and in
tion of Henri HI. of France. Although his 1585 succeeded Claudio Merulo as first or-
fame has been somewhat overshadowed by ganist at San Marco. Like his uncle, he
that of his nephew Giovanni, be was one of entertained a lively intercourse with the
the glories of the great Venetian contrapun- German masters of his period, and was es-
tal school. Noted as an organist and organ pecially allied in close friendship with
writer during his lifetime, his gi'eatest fame his famous co-diseijile, Hans Leo Hassler.
rests iiijon his choral works masses, mo- — Among his patrons in Germany, where ho
tets, and madrigals. He was the first con- was the most esteemed of foreign masters,
trapuntist to write a real fugue, which form were Duke Albrecht V. of Bavaria and his
was afterwai'ds develojjed into the tonal sons, and the Counts of Fugger at Augs-
fugue by Frescobaldi. He was also noted burg. As a teacher he was sought far and
as a teacher Giovanni Gabrieli, Hans Leo
; wide his most renowned pupil was Hein-
;
Hassler, and Swelinck were rieh Schiitz, who spent four years in Venice,
Jan Pieter
among his pupils. He himself accounted sent there by the Elector Maurice of Sax-
his Psalmi Davidici, qui prenitentiales nun- ony. Together with Palestrina and Orlando
cupantur (Venice, 1583) his gi-eatest work. Lasso, Giovanni Gabrieli rejiresents the
His Psalm Ixv., Deus misereatur, for three culminating gloiy of the strict contrapun-
choruses, far surpassed anything of the sort tal schools of the 16th century he was in- ;
that had been written up to his time. —

Am- disputably the greatest genius of the Vene-
bros, iii. 523. tian school. Unlike Palestrina, who always
GABRIELI, DOMENICO,
surnamed wrote strictly a cappella, Gabrieli often in-
Mengliino del violoncello, born at Bologna troduced instrumental parts in his great
about 1640, died there about 1G90. Dra- choral works, although a cappella writing,
matic composer and virtuoso on the violon- often for two or three choruses, was still
cello was at first connected with the Church his habitual style. But these instnnuental
;
of S. Petronio in his native city, and after- parts did not, in any sense, form an accom-
wards in the service of Cardinal Panfili, paniment to the voices his treatment of ;
grand prior of Rome. Member of the Ac- them was totally different from that which
cademia Filarmonica, 1676 principe, 1683. we find in the stilo concertaute which sprang
;
Works : Cleobulo, given at Bologna, Teatro up later, during the decline of the " great
Formagliari, 1G83 ; Gige in Lidia, ib., 1683 ;
Roman school. His choice of instruments,
GABRIELLI
too, bears no relation to even tlic most ru- GABL'SSI, \TN'CFA'ZO, bom in Bologna
dimentary form of the orcliestra. If be falls about 1800, died in London, Sept. 12, 184G.
somewhat behind Palestrina in perfection Dramatic composer, pupil of Padre Mattei.
of formal beautj', he equals him in sublim- After producing bis lirst opera in Modena,
ity, and often suiimsses him in wealth of in 1825, be went to London and resided
colouring. The twelve-voice Bencdictus, in there as a teacher until 1840, when be re-
Rochlitz (i. 34), is a raasterinecc of its kind. turned to Italy to bring out another opera.
Works : I'salmi p(jeuitentiale8 G vocum Ho is be.st known by his vocal duets, which
(1583) ;Madrigali a G voci o istromenti are still sung in England. Works Operas —
(I.'jSS) Madrigali e ricercari a 4 voci (1587)
; I furbi al cimento, Modena, 1825 Ernani, ;
EcclesiasticiC cantioncs 4-G vocum (1589) Theatre des Italiens, Paris, 1834 C'lemenza
; ;
SacriC symphoniai, for G-IG voices or instru- di Valois, Fenice, Venice, 1841. Songs and
ments (15!)7) ; do., 2d book, for G-19 voices part-songs Chamber music. ; — Grove ; Fc-
(1G15) ; Canzoni e sonate a 3-32 voci (1G15). tis Larousso Jlendel.
; ;
Single pieces are published in almost all GABUZIO, GIULIO CES-VRE, bom in
collections of the time up to 1G20. — Winter- Bologna, first half of the IGth century,
feld, Johannes flalirieli un<l stin Maestro di cappella of the Cathe-
/eitalter died (V).
(Berlin, 1H34) ; F.'tis ; Works Motets for five and

^lendol ; Schilling. dral of Jlilaii. :
GABKIELLI, Conte NICOLr), born at six voices (Venice, 158G) Magnificat and ;
Naples, Feb. 21, 1814, still living, ISSO. other churcb compositioua (Milan, 1587).
Dramatic composer, pupil of Busti in sing- Ft'tis Mendel. — ;
ing and of Zingarelli and Donizetti in com- GACES BKULES (Bralez), one of the
position. He settled in Paris in 1854. He best and most prolific composers of chan-
has brought out 22 operas and written GO sons of the 13tb century, died after 1255.
ballets, all showing more facility than meiit. Some of the old MSS. give his name as
They were given at the Teatro Nuovo, and Gaste-Blo. Seventy-nine of bis chansons
Teatro San Carlo, Naples, in 1835—47, and are extant, sixty-three of which are in the
a few in I'aris, and were mostly unsuccessful. National Library, Paris, with the airs of
— Fetis, iii. 3G9 do.. Supplement, i. 354
; some attached to them. Fotis Mendel. ;
— ;
Mendel, iv. 99 do., Ergiinz., 115

; VajjC- G.VDE, NIELS (WILHELM), bora at
;
reau, Contemporains. Copenhagen, Oct. 22,

GABRIELSia, JOaVNN WILHEOI, 1817, still living, 1889.
born in Berlin, Jlay 27, 1791, died there, The son of a musical
Sept. 18, 184G. Flutist, pupil of the artil- instrument maker, bo
lery captain Vogel, and of the chamber mu- early learned the gui-
sician A. Scliriick appeared in public in tar, violin, and piano-
;
1810, obtained an engagement at the the- forte later studied ;
atre in Stettin, 1814, and became royal under Wershall, Berg-

chamber musician in Berlin in 181G,' when green, and Weyse, un-
ho studied theory and composition under der whom he began to
Gilrrlich, Seidel, and Birnbach. Ho made compose, but afterwards looked upon these
concert tours in North Germany from 1812, early eftbrts as of little value. He became
and to Warsaw in 1822. He composed con- a violinist in the royal orchestra at Copen-
certos, solos, duos, trios, and quartets for hagen, and soon began to develop that origi-
bis instrument, besides some songs. His nal power as a composer which has placed
brother and pupil Julius (180G-78), was also him in the foremost mnk of contemporary
a noted virtuoso ou the llute, and composer. musicians. By the vote of Spobr and
— Fctis Mendel. ; Schneider bis Ossian overtui'C was awarded
GADSEY
tlieprize ofl'erod by tlie CoiionhaftPU Musi- as well as his harmony, bear the unmistak-
cal Uuiou ill 1841. Tliis waa followed by able stamp of his Scandinavian associations,
but he never forces the " national "
his fii-st symphony in C minor, the score of element
which he sent to Mendelssohn at Leipsic, to the point of eccentricity. In his earlier
and it was brought out at the Gewand- period his genius gave evidence of the most
haus, March 2, 1843, to general admiration. but he has not wholly
brilliant originality,
This second brilliant success induced the kept the promise of his youth, and among
King of Denmark to allow Gade money to his later works one looks in vain for that
•visit the great musical centres of Europe. divine spark which gave life to his first sym-
He went to Leijjsic, where he remained until phony (which was at one time looked upon
near the end of 1843, when he made a short as an epoch-making work) and his earlier
trip to Italy, but soon returned to Leipsic, overtures. In 1886 he was made Com-
as Mendelssohn, who had gone to Berlin, mander of the Order of Danebrog. Works :
offeredhim the couductorship of the Ge- 8 symphonies, in C minor, op. 5, E, op. 10,
wandhaus concerts. Gade filled this post A minor, oj). 15, B-flat, op. 20, D minor
during 1844—45, and on Mendelssohn's re- (with pianoforte), op. 25, G minor, op. 32,
turn continued as sub-conductor under him P, op. 45, and B minor, op. 47 5 over- ;
in 1845^40. On March 3, 184G, he brought tures : NM-hkhnuje von Ossian, Ini Hoch-
out his cantata of Comala. After Mendels- land, op. Overture in C, op. 14, Ilandel,
7,
sohn's death (Nov. 4, 1847), Gade resumed o-p. 39 Novelletten, 4

37, Michelangelo, op. ;
his functions as conductor in chief, contin- pieces for string orchestra, oj). 53 Octet ;
uing until 1848, when he was succeeded by for strings, op. 17 Sextet for do. Quartet ; ;
Julius Rietz. He then returned to Cof)en- for do. Pianoforte trio, op. 42 3 sonatas
; ;
hageu, where he has remained ever since, for violin. No. 2, op. 21, No. 3, op. 59 8 ;
excepting a short England in 1876, cantatas

visit to : Comala, op. 12, Friihlings-'Phan-
to conduct his Crusaders and Zion at the tasie, op. 23, Erlkonigs Tochter (Elverskud),
Birmingham Festival. On his return to op. 30, FruhU)igf:-Botschait, op. 35, Die
Copenhagen he accepted a joost as organist,
and was made conductor of the Musical
Union. In 1861 he succeeded Glaeser, de-
ceased, as coiu't conductor. Besides the ex-
ercise of his official functions, he has de-
voted his time wliollj' to composition and
teaching. As a composer Gade stands in Heilige Nacht, op. 40, Die Kreuzfahrer, op.
a manner by himself ; if the cut of his mel- 50, Zion, op. 49, Psyche, op. 60 ; Sommertag
odies (in spite of their distinctly Northern auf dem Lande, 5 pieces for orchestra, op.
character) and the generalphysiognomy of 55 ; Concerto for violin and orchestra, op.
his style resemble Mendelssohn, and he 56 ; Eolbergiana, suite for orchestra, op.
tends somewhat in Schumann's direction by 61 ; Volkstiinze, for violin, with iiianoforte,
his romanticism, he never attained either op. 62 ; Sonata, Aquarelles, Folk-dances,
to the complete mastery of form and organic Northern Tone-pictures, and many other solo
musical development of the former nor to works for pianoforte Choruses for male and ;
the intensity of expression and depth of mixed voices; German and Scandinavian
thought of the latter. His resemblance to songs.—Ulustr. Zeitg. (1872), i. 288 Men- ;
Mendelssohn is, after all, sujDerficial. His del ; Eiemann.

striking merits are clearness, simplicity, GADSBY, HENRY ROBERT, born in
warmth and grace of expression, and a London, Dec. 15, 1842, still living, 1889.
never -failing sense of beauty. His themes. Pianist, son of a musician, i^riucipally self-
GAEBLKll
tauglit. Ho was a member of the choir Siingerbund ; later he became also conduc-
of St. Paul's in 1849-58 ; organist of St. Pe- tor of the Handel and Haydn Society. In
ter's, Brocklej', Surrey, 1859 he gave the first series of classical con-
till 18S4 ;
jirofessor certs in the Academy of Music, which for
at Guildhall School of thirty-one years he has continued succes.-j-
Music ;
i^rofcssor of fully. In 18(J7 he founded a conservatoiy
harmony at Queen's of music, which is still flourishing under
College, London, 1884. his direction. His numerous compositions
Works — Cantatas : Al- include orchestral works, violin solos, and
ice Brand, 1870 ; Tlie vocal mu.sic, and ho has published also
Lord of the Isles, text methods for the pianoforte and violin, and
by Frank Murray, from a system of vocal training.
Scott, 1879; Colum- G.U'TI, BERNARDO, composer of the
bus, for male voices, Roman school, early jjart of the 18th cen-
1881. Overtures Andromeda, 1873 The
: ; tury. His Cantata Amore was pub-
dell'
Golden Legend The Witc^hes' Frolic.
; lished in Rome in 1700. The Lyceo of Bo-
Music to Alcestis, 187G Symphonies for ; logna has several cantatas in MS. Fetis — ;
orchestra in A, C, and D String quartet, ; Schilling Mendel. ;
187.5 ; Festival service for eight voices, GAGLIANO, GIOVANNI BATTISTA

in D ; Psalm DI ZANOBI DA, born in Florence about
Service in C, 1872 ; 1.30th ;
Andante and rondo for pianoforte and flute 1580, died (?). Brother of Mai-co di Zanobi ;
Magnificat and Nunc dimittis in D Te da Gagliano was in the sen-ice of tho ; ;
Deum in E-flat ; Festival symphony

succeeded jilfonso Benevenuti, in D, Medici ;
1888 Anthems Part-songs, etc.

; ; chaplain of S. Lorenzo, as maestro of the
GAEBLER, ERNST FRIl^DRICH, born clerks of that college. "Works Motets :
;
in Bunzlau in 1815, stiU living, 1889. Pupil Madrigals (Venice, 1G03-23).— Fctis; Schil-
of C. Karow and at the Berlin Institute for Ung Slendel. ;
Church Music under A. W. Bach, besides GAGLLVNO, -MkllCO DI ZANOBI DA

attending the lectures of A. B. Marx suc- born in Florence, second half of the 16tb ;
ceeded Ki'ililcr as music director and teacher century, died there, Feb. 24, 1G42. Dra-
of the Piidagogium and Orphan House in matic composer, pupil of Luca Bati. He
Ziillichau. He has composed motets, songs, became, in 1702, maestro di cappella of S.
and other pieces. Mendel —
Fctis Schil- Lorenzo, where his compositions were stiU
; ;
ling, Supplement, 15G. performed at the beginning of this century.

GAIORTNER, KARL, born at Stralsund, Under the name of TAlTannato he was a
Oct. 21, 1823, still Hving, in Philadelphia, member of the Accademia degli ElevatL
1889. Violinist, pupil at Greifswald of Abel, His most important work is the oêr&JMifne,
and at the Conscrvatorium, Leipsic, of Jlen- written for the wedding of Fmncesco Gou-
delssohn, David, and Hauptmann played in zaga, son of the Duke of JIantua, 1G07, one
;
the Gewandhaus orchestra until 1848, when of the earliest productions of this kind.
be travelled through Germany as a virtuoso, Other works Misse a eintjue voci (Venice, :
in which capacity ho went to America in 1579) Responsoi-j della Settimana Santa ;
1852. In Boston and other cities he awak- (ib., 1580) II primo libro de' madrigali (ib., ;
ened a taste for classical music by bis ex- 1G02) II sccoudo ed il terzo libro, etc. (ib.. ;
cellent performances, and in 1858 went to 1601) Libro quiuto, etc. (ib., IGOG) Mu- ; ;
Philadelphia to conduct the chorus at the siche a una, due e tre voci (ib., 1G15) Li- ;
Steuben festival, and remained there as mu- bro sesto de' madrigali (ib., 1G17) Resjwn- ;
sical dii-ector of the old Jilimnerchor and the sorj della Settimana Santa (Venice, Bar-
GAGLIARDI
folomeo Magni, 1030) was consiilered bis July 24, 1810. Dramatic composer and
best work. Tbc melodies, Bel pastor del singer, pupil of Mengozzi in singing after ;
cui bel guardo, aud Ecco soliuga dellc selve a concert tour through Southern France
arnica, were in great favour, in bis time. and Spain, aud writing an opera for private
— Ambros, iv. 2S8 Fetis Mendel ; Rock- rejjresentation, she studied harmony and
; ;
stro, Hist. Music, 107. counterpoint under FtHis, Perne, and Neu-
GAGLIARDI, DIONISIO POLIANI, komm. In 1816 she sang in London, aud in
born at Naples in 1811, died tbere in 1835. 1818 gave concerts, with Mme Catalani, in
Di-amatic composer, jiupil of the Eoyal Germany and Vienna. Works Les deux :
College of Music, Naples. Works Operas jaloux, opera-comiquo —

Mademoiselle de : ;
L' autiquario e la modista, opera buffa, Na- Launay a la Bastille, do., given at the The-
ples, 1828 ; La strega di Dernegleucli, I'atelier de
ib., atre Feydeau, 1813 ; Angela, ou
1830 ; Le due gemelle, 1831 II lan- Jean Cousin (with Boieldieu), La meprise,
ib., ;
gravio di Turiugia, ib., 1832 La casa a ib., 1814 La serenade, ib., 1818 Romances
; ; ;
vendere, ib., 1834 Pulcinello condannato, and nocturnes.

; Fetis ; do., Supplement, —
1835 Le feniere di Maremma La barca- i. 355 Mendel.
; ; ;
juola svizzera ; II coscritto. His laugravio GAILLARD. See GalUard.

di Turingia, bis best work, was given ten G.ALATEE, ojsera-comique, in two acts,
years after bis death as text by Jules Barbier and Michel Carre,
Candida e Luigi.
— Fetis; Mendel. music by Victor Masse, first represented
GAGNI, ANGELO, dramatic composer, at the Opera Comique, Paris, April 14,
born in Florence, middle of the 18th cen- 1852. Pygmalion, having finished a beauti-
tury, died (?). His oiêra buffa, I jjazzi ful statue of Galatee, falls in love with it,
gloriosi, Milan, 1783, is also known as I and jjrays Venus to give it life. Galatee,
matti gloriosi. Fetis —
Mendel. become a woman, exhibits a thousand ca-
;
GAHRICH, WENZEL, born at Zercho- prices and disappoints Pygmalion by her

witz, Bohemia, Sept. 16, 1794:, died in Ber- ingratitude. She prefers his servant Gany-
lin, Sept. 15, 1804. He studied law at mede to his melancholy love, accepts pres-
Leipsic University, but jjoverty compelled ents from old Midas, and gets intoxicated
him to become a violinist in the theatre or- on Chiau wine. At last, when she is about
chestra there. In 1825 he joined the royal to flj' with Ganymede, he prays that she
orchestra in Berlin, and in 1845-60 was maj' be turned again into a statue, which ho
conductor of the ballet at the Opera. The sells without regret to Midas. The charac-
merit of his compositions should have se- ters of Pygmalion aud Galatee were played
cured for him more than the local fame he by Mile Vertheimber and Mme Ugalde
enjoyed especially his ballet music is of an those of Midas and Ganymede by Mme
;
indisputably high order. Works Oj)eras Sainte-Foy and Mocker. —

The briudisi,:
Die Creolin Der Freibeuter. Ballets " Ah verse encore," obtained a great suc-
; !
Don Quixote Die Insel der Liebe Der cess. Larousse, viii. 936.
; ; —
Seeriiuber Aladdin, etc., 2 symphonies for
; GALEAZZI, ANTONIO, born at Brescia,
grand orchestra Quartet for pianoforte lived mostly in Rome and Venice in the
;
and strings, op. 4 Concertino for viola and early part of the 18th century. Dramatic
;
orchestra 5 collections of dances for or- and church composer.

; Works Zelmira in :
chestra and for jjianoforte Songs, etc. Creta, opera, given in Venice, 1729 II tri-
; ;
— Mendel Fetis do., Supi^lement, i. 353 onfo della costanza in StatLra, ib., 1731.
; ;
;
Riemann. Much of his church music is to be found in

GAIL, EDJifiE SOPHIE (born Garre), the Library of S. M. Maggiore, Rome. He
born in Paris, Aug. 28, 1775, died there, rewrote also part of the opera, I tre difensori
GALKAZZI
della patria, l)y Pcscetti, wliich was pven in the 17th century. He composed a cantata,
this form at I'adiia, Teatro Obizzi, iu ll'M. II conte Ugoliuo, for one voice with accom-
— Fotis ; Meiidel ; Schilling. paniment of lute and viol, and a dramatic
GALE.\ZZI, FILVNCESCO, born Turin setting of the Lamentations of Jeremiah.
in
in 1738 (17o8 ?), died in Home iu 1819. He was the author also of several theoreti-
Violinist, leader of the baud at the Teatro cal works Discorso della musica antica e
:
Valle, Eome, afterwards della moderna (Florence, 1581

for fifteen years ;
2d ed., ;
professor of the violin at Ascoli. Besides 1C02) H Fronimo, etc. (ib., 1583) Di-scorso
; ;
numerous conipositious for the violin and intorno alle ojjcre di messer Gioseflfo Zarlino
other instruments, he deserves special no- di Chioggia (ib., 1589). Fi-tis Larousse. — ;
tice Elementi teoretico-practici di

for his GALIMATHIAS MUSICUil, a comic
musica, etc. (Home, 17'J1-9G), one of the piece for orchestra, with clavier and other
earliest methodical instruction books for instruments obligato, by ilozart, first jjer-
the violin. —
Fc'tis Grove Larousse.
; ; formed at The Hague, Mai-ch 8, 17CC, for
GALENO, GIOVANNI BATTISTA, lived the festivities at the coming of age of Will-
in the second half of the IGth century. He iam of Orange the
Mozart was then Fifth.
was in the service of the Emperor lludoli^h only ten years old.
which is iu The 2)iece,
II. of Austria from his earliest years. tliirteeu short numbers, ends with a varia-
Works: Madrigals (Venice, 1587, 1598; tion on the Dutch national air, Wilhelmus
Antwerp, 1594).— Fetis Mendel. ; von Nassau. Galimathias is a French term,
GALIBEKT, PIEKRE CHKISTOPHE of doubtful derivation, meaning gibberish.
CHAliLES, born iu Perpignan, Aug. 8, Ki.che], No. 32 —
Otto Jahn, 2d ed., i. 44
; ;
182G, died iu Paris, August, 1858. Dra- Grove.

matic composer, pupil at the Conservatoire G.YLITZIN, Prince GEORG, bom in St
from 1845, under Bazin, El wart, and Haluvy. Petersburg iu 1823, died there iu Septem-
He won the 2d grand prix de Borne in ber, 1872. Composer of church, iustni-
1851, and the 1st iu 1853. On his return mental, and vocal music gave concerts in ;
to Paris in 1857 he brought out an 02)era, Germany, Great Britain, and France, with a
Apres I'orage, which was well received, and large orchestra of his own, to make a propa-
gave much promise, but it was his only ganda for Russian music. At Moscow he
work besides two cantatas, Le prisonnier, entertained since 1842 a choir of seventy
and Les rochers d'Appenzell, and a few other boys, whom he instructed in person. He
—
compositions. Fctis Mendel. ; has written masses, orchestral works, solos
(JALILEI, VINCENZO, born in Florence for various instruments, choruses, song.s,
—
about 1533, died there about IfiOO. Lute etc. Fetis, Supplement, L 35U Mendel ;
and viol player, pupil of Gioscffo Zarlino. Riemann.

He was a noble and the father of Galileo GALLAY, JACQLT:S FRANCOIS, born
Galilei, the famous astronomer and philos- at Pcri>iguan, France, Dec. 8, 1795, died in
opher. Associated with Giovanni Bardi, Paris, October, 18G4. Vii-tuoso on the horn,
Piero Strozzi, Corsi, Peri, Caccini, and oth- first instructed by his father, an amateur,
ers, he was one of the first to introduce dra- then pupil of Ozi, aud at the Conservatoire,
matic music in Italy. A warm champion of Paris, of Daupi-at, 1820 won the first prize ;
auticjue music, he took a prominent part in in 1821, became a member of the royal or-
the dispute with the supporters of the con- chestra, and of the orchestras of the Odi'on,
trapuntal style, among whom was his old and the Theatre Italien iu 1825, chamber
master Zarlino, and against whom he wrote musician to Louis Philippe in 1832, and
a pamphlet. He was one of tlie prominent l>rofessor at the Conservatoire iu 1842.
figuixs in the Florentine Music-lSeform of He coinposed concertos, nocturnes, etudes,
GALLEJ^BERG
duos, trios, and qnartots, and imblisLed a 16th century. Church composer ; one of
method for horn. — Fi'tis ; do., yu])plt'nient, the musicians of the College of Saiut-Amat,
i. 356 ; Mendel ; Ricniann. Douai. Works : Sacra; cautioues 5, 6, et
GALLENBERG, WENZEL ROBERT, plurium vocum (1586) ; Hymni communes
Graf VON, born in Vienna, Dec. 28, 1783, Sanctorum (1596). — Fetis ; Mendel ; Rie-
died in Rome, March 13, 1830. Pupil of Al- maun.
brecbtsberger married, in 1803, to Count-
; GALLI, AMNTORE, born at Rimini,
ess Ginlietta Guicciardi, who had been loved Oct. 12, 1845, still living, 1889. Dramatic
by Beethoven. He wrote in 1805 music for composer, pupil of Croif at the Conservatorio
Joseph Bonaparte's festival in Naples was ; of Milan ; was music school
dii-ector of a
associated with Barbaja in 1821-23 in the in the province of Modeua, and became a
management of the Vienna court theatre, successful composer of op)eras, but is best
whicli he undertook to conduct in 1829, known by his writings on music. He is
and failed from want of funds. He then the musical critic for II Secolo," and now
'"
joined Barbaja in Najjles as ballet composer conducts the great publishing house of
and directoi-. Works About 50 ballets, : Edoardo Sonzogno, Milan. Works Ce.sare :
including Samson, 1811 Arsinoe, and Te- ; al Rubicons, oj)era, given with success ; II
lemacco, 1813 I riti Indiani, 1814 Am-

; ; risorgimento, given in Rome, about 1870 ;
leto, 1815 Alfred der Grosse, 1820

; Jeanne ; II corno d' oro ; Cristo al Golgota, oratorio,
d' Arc, 1821 Margherita, regina di Catania,
; L' espiazione, cantata, Milan, 1867 ; Masses
1822 Isiuaaus Grab, 1823
; La caravana ; Stabat Matei". — Fetis, Supplement, i. 358 ;
del Cairo, 1824 Ottavio PiuelU, 1828 Das ; ; Mendel, Ergiiuz., 116.
befreite Jerusalem, 1828 CiEsai' in Aegyj)- ; G.\LLI (Gallus), EUGENIO, born at
ten, 1829 Theodosia, 1831 Orpheus und
; ; Lucca, Italy, Feb. 12, 1810, died there, Sept.
Eurydice, 1831 Agnes und Fitz Henri, 1833;
; 1, 1867. Church composer, i)upil of Marco
Biauca's Wahl, 1835 and Latona's Rache, ; Santucci, finished his musical education in
1838. He
wrote also marches, a sonata, Vienna, where he became an excellent con-
fantasias, and other jjieces for pianoforte. traiiuntist, and after his return to Lucca was
— Grove Fetis Mendel Wurzbach.
; appointed professor of counterpoint at the
; ;
GALLERANO (Galerano), LEANDRO, Musical Institute. Later on he was direc-

born in Brescia, end of the 16th century. tor of the ducal chaj)el. He wrote several
He was organist of S. Francesco, and mem- masses for 4 voices with orchestra, a Re-
ber of the Accademia de gli Occulti in quiem, and fugues for the organ. Fetis, —
that city, under the name of 1' Involato. Supplement, i. 258.
From Brescia he went to Padua, and became GALLI, VINCENZO, born in Sicily,
maesti-o di caj^pella of the Church of S. An- about the middle of the 16th century.
tonio. Works 11 primo libro delle Messe, Franciscan monk, maestro di cappella of
:
op. 1 (Venice, 1619) R secondo, do., op. 3 the Cathedral of Palermo.

; His masses,
(ib., 1620) Salmi intieri, op. 5 (ib., 1624) psalms, and madrigals were published in
;
;
Missarum et Psalmorum quiuque vocibus Palermo (1589-1607). With the proceeds

liber primus, op. 14 (ib., 1628) Missa e of their sales he enlarged the Convent of ;
salmi concertati (ib., 1629) do., op. 16 (ib., the Annunciation, and had cut on one of
;
1630) n primo libro de' Motetti (ib.) Mo- the columns of that building the words,
; ;
tetti a voce sola con orgauo (ib.) Complete " Musica Galli."— Fetis Mendel. ; ;
e Litanie a otto voci con stromenti (ib.). GALLIA, motet for soprano solo, chorus,
— Fetis Mendel Schilling.
; and orchestra, by Gounod, first performed
;
GALLET, FRANCOIS (Frauciscus Galle- at the ojjening of the Internation.al Exhi-

tius), born in Mons about the middle of the bition, Albert Hall, London, May 1, 1871.
GALLIA RD
The test is from the Lamentations of Jere- G.ULLUCCIO, GERARDO, maestro di
miah. cappella at Pavia in the last years of the
GALLLUID, JOHANN, ERNST, bom at ICth centur}-. He composed mas.se.s, psalnm,
Zell, Hanover, about 1GS7, died in London litanies, etc. (Venice, 1597). — FOtis ; Mendel.
in 1749. Dramatic composer, pupil of Fa- GALLIS, JACOBUS, bora in Carniola
then director of the concerts at Han- about 1550, died at Prague, July 4, 1591.
rinelli,
over, and of
Steffani. Ho won distinction His real name was Jacob Hahnel (Hiindl,
as an oboist, went to England about 170G, Handl, etc.). Contrapuntist, KapeUmei.ster
and was appointed chamber musician to to Stanislas Pawlowski, Bishop of Olmiltz,
Prince George of Denmark, and, on the and afterwards in the imperial chapel,
death of Draglii, organist at Somerset House. Prague. He wrote in the old church
He wrote the music for Hughe's opera, tones, before the modem distinction be-
Calypso and Telemachus, 1712, and was tween major and minor exi.sted, and was
employed by music for his
llich to furnish one of the most distinguished German con-
masques, etc., from 1717. In 1728 he set to temporaries of Palestrina and Orlando
music the morning hymn of Adam and Eve Lasso. In 1.588 Emperor Rudolf H.
from Milton's "Paradise Lost," an admirable granted him a ten years' privilege for the
composition, afterwards enlarged by Dr. publication of his works. Those known
Benjamin Cooke, who made additions to the are ^lisste sclectiores, for 5-8 voices, 4
:
orchestral accompaniments. Other works : books (1580) JIusici operis hamioniarium,

;
Ifusic for Julius C;isar, 1715 Pan and Sy-; for 4-8 and more voices (Prague, Part L,
rinx, 1717; Jupiter and Europa, 1723; The 1586 Parts H. and IH., 1587 Part IV.,
; ;
Necromancer or Harlerpiin, Apollo, and

; 1589) Moralia 5, 6 et 8 vocibus concinnata
;
Daphne, 172C Dr. Faustus, 1723

; The ; (Nuremberg, 1586) Epicedionharmonicunj ;
Royal Chace, or Merlin's Cave, 1736, musi- (1589) Harmonise variic 4 vocum (Prague,
;
cal entertainment, in which occuiTed the 1591) Harmoniarum moralium, do., 3 parts
;
famous hunting song, " With early liom ;

(ib., 1589-90) Sacra; cantiones de prseci-
;
The music for Lee's tragedy, " (Edipus ;

puis festis, for 4-8 and more voices (Nu-
Several cantatas, songs, and insti-umcntal remberg, 1597) Motettm qurc piTPstant ;
music. —
Grove FOtis. ; omnes (Frankfort, 1610). Bodenschatz's
GALLICULUS, JOH.\NN, lived in Leip- Florilegium Portense contains 19 pieces by
sic about 1520. His motets and psalms him, among them the famous Ecce quomotlo
were published in " Novum et insigne opus moritur Justus ; others are in Proske's Mu-
musicum " (1537); in Petrejus's "Psalmi sica divina, and in the collections of Schi>-
selecti" (1538); in Rhaws' "Harmoniro berlein, Zahn, Becker, Rochlitz, etc. — Rie-
selecta?," etc. (1538) and in Vesperarum
; mann ; Fi'tis ; Mendel ; Grove ; Ambros,
precum oflScia, etc. (1540). He was the au- Geschichte, iii. 557 ; Naumanu (Ouseley), i.
thor, also, of a theoretical treatise, "Isa- 614.

goge de compositione cantus " (1st and 4th G.ILLUS, JOHANNT^S (in French, Jean
ed.,1520, 1548), called also, '•Libellus de le Cocq, ^laitro Jean, Mestre Jhan, etc.),
compositione cantus " (2d and 3d ed., 1538, born in the Netherlands, died before 1543.
1546).— Fetis; Mendel Rieraann. ; He was maestro di cappella to Duke Ercole
G.\LLO, DOÎENICO, bom in Venice of Fcn-ara,and composed motets and other
about 1730. Violinist and composer of music, preserved in collections. He was
church music, sonatas for violin, and sjnn- long confounded with Jhan Gero. lUe- —
phonies for 2 violins, viola, and violon- mann.
cello, all of which are still iu MS. Fetis — ;
GALITPI. B.VLDASSARE (callc.l H
Meudel. Buranello), bom in the island of Burano,
GAMBAEA
near Venice, Oct. 18, 170G, died in Venice, ib., 1752 Alesmndro nell' Indie, ib., 1755 ; ;
Jan. 3, 1785. Dramatic composer, pupil Sesostri, Venice, 1757 Adriano in Siria, ;
of bis father, a barber, who played the vio- Italy, 1760; Cajo Mario, ib., 1764 ; Didone
lin at the theatre. He went to Venice when abbandonata, St. Petersburg, 1766 ; Ifigenia
sixteen and was organist of several minor in Tauride, ib., 1768.— Fetis Grove Men- ; ;
churches in succession. Although ignorant del Schilling ; ;Hogarth, Memoirs of Mus.

of the rules of composition he composed an Drama, i. 396.
oi)era buifa. La fede nelF inconstanza, ossia GAMBARA, Cavaliere CARLO ANTO-
amiei rivali, which was hissed off the stage. NIO, born in Venice in 1774.
gli Instrumental
He was on the point of giving np music and composer of noble parentage, he was edu- ;
becoming a barber, when Marcello j^rocured cated in the college for the sons of nobles
his admission to the Conservatorio degli at Parma, where he studied the violin under
Incurabili, where he studied counterpoint Melegari, violoncello under Ghiretti, and
for three years under Lotti. Marcello also counterpoint under Colla. On leaving col-
helped him by writing the libretto of Do- lege he went to Brescia to finish his musical
rinda, which was well received, in 1729, at studies under Canuetti, maestro di ca2ipella
the Teatro San Angelo. He studied the of the cathedral. Works 4 symphonies :
harpsichord at this lime and became a cele- for grand orchestra Concertante for sev- ;
brated player. His operas held the stage eral instruments Quintet for harp, violin, ;
from 1729 to 1797. In 1741 he was in Eng- mandolin, viola, and violoncello 2 books ;
land, where his style produced a marked of trios for 2 violins and bass 2 do. of ;
effect on dramatic music. In 17G2-G4 he quartets Vocal music. Fetis Mendel. ; — ;
was maestro di cappella of S. Marco, Ven- GAMBINI, CARLO ANDREA, born at

ice, director of the Incurabili, and organist Genoa, Oct. 22, 1819, died there, Feb. 14,
of several churches. About 1767 he went 186.5. Dramatic composer and pianist
to St. Petersburg at the invitation of Cath- held a position in his native citv', which
erine H., and brought out there two operas made him, so to speak, the musical chief iu
with gi'eat success, but returned to Italy in that part of Italy. Works Operas Eufe- — :
1768 and resumed his position in the In- mio di Messina, given in Milan, 1833 II ;
curabili. None of his ojieras, of which Fe- Nuovo Tartufo, Genoa, Teatro Apollo, 1854
tis gives a list of fifty-four, have survived on Don Grifone, Turin, Teatro Rossini, 1856 ;
the stage since Rossini. He comiiosed the I Tessali e la vendetta della schiava ; Cristo-
music for a cantata for five voices, II ri- foro Colombo, dramatic symphony ; Music
torno di Tobia, jjlayed at the Conservato- to La Passione, by Manzoni, for 4 voices,
rio, on the occasion of the arrival of Pius chorus, and orchestra Mass with grand or- ;
VI. in Venice. All his Church music and chestra Several other masses Cantata.s, ; ;
operas remain in MS. Some of them are hymns, etc. Two collections of etudes for ;
now in the National Library, Paris some pianoforte, o'^. 36 and 70 etc. His com-
; ;
in the Santini collection. His oratorios jiositions of all kinds number more than
were La fornace di Babilonia Debbora 150. Fetis do., Sujjplement, i. 359 Men-
:
; — ; ;
I^rofetessa, and Moyses de Sinai reversus. del do., Ergiinz., 116. ;
Among music for hai-psichord is one sonata GAMBLE, JOHN, English violinist of
of great beauty, printed in Pauer's Alte the 17th century, pupil of Ambrose Beyland.
Klaviermusik. Principal operas : Penelope, He was a cornet player in the Chapel Royal,
given in London, 17il ; Scipioue in Carta- and later one of the band of violins to
giue, ib., 17-12 ; Enrico, Sirbace, ib., 1743 Charles H. Works :
" Ayres and Dialogues
;
H mondo della luna, Italy, 1750 ; H cava- to be sung to the Theorbo Lute or Bass
liere delle piume ; II mondo alia rovescia, Viol," words by Stanley (1657) and " Ayres ;
rjAArnofii
and Dialogues for Ouo, Two, and Three native city. Works— Operas : Demetrio,
—
Voyces " (1050). Grove; Burney, Hist., iii. given at Modena, 1827 ; Zaira, ib., 1829 ;
4G1 Hawkins, Hist., iv. 03.

; Isabella di Lara, 1830 JLiria di Bra-
ib., ;
GAMBOGI, Padre FKANCESCO, bora bante, ib., 1833 ; Adelaide di Borgogna, ib.,
at Caniaiore, Ducby of Lueca, about 1713, La fedeltik, 1832 La fata,
1841. Cantatas : ;
died in 1781. He was maestro of music at 1842 n geuio di Modena, 1857. Futis, ; —
the Seminary of S. Micbele in Foro, and sub-Supplement, i. 301 Mendel, Ergimz., 117 ;
;
sequently maestro di cappella of the Colle- Riemann.

giate Church of Camaiore. His most im- G.AN'DINI, Cavaliere ANTONIO, born in
jiortaTit work was the oratorio, Giuseppe Bologna, Aug. 20, 1780, died in Modena,
riconosciuto. From 1743 to 1778 be wrote Sept. 10, 1842. Dramatic composer, pupil
twenty services for four voices with instru- of Mattel, became ducal maestro di cappella
mental accompaniment. Fi'tis, —
Suppk'- at Jlodena. Works Ruggiero, Modena, :
meut, i, 3(50 Mendel, Ergiinz., IIG.

; 1822 Erminia ed Antigone, ib., about ;
GA^niERSFELDEK, JOHAXN, com- 1825. He wrote also several cantatas. Fe- —

poser at Burgbausen, Upper Bavaria, in the tis Mendel, iv. 123 Ergiinz., 117. ; ;
ICtb century. He was one of the first to GANDOLFI, RICC.UIDO, bora at Vo-
compose psalms for a single voice. His ghcra. Piedmont, in 1839, still living, 1889.
work was called Der gantze Psalter Davids Dramatic composer, pupil in Naples of
in Gesangsweiss gestellt (Nuremberg, 1542). Carlo Conti, and in Florence of Mabellini.
—Mendel F.'tis Gerber.
; ; Works Aldina, given in Milan, Teatro l{a- :
GAiDIDCKI, EKENNIO, bom at Campo- degonda, 1803 II Paggio, Turin, Teatro ;
basso, March 11, 183G. Pupil at Naples Regio, 1805 H Coute di Monreal, Genoa, ;
Conservatorio of Busti and Carlo Conti. Teatro Carlo-Felice, 1872 Requiem with ;
Became maestro concertatore at the theatre grand orchestra, Florence, 1800 Symphony ;
of St. Petersburg in 1850. Works Chat- for do., ib., 1809 Psalm, ib., 1872 II Bat-
: ; ;
terton, opera, given at St. Petersbm-g, 1807 ;

tesimo di Santa Ceciha, ib., 1875 Elegie ;
L' assedio di Fireuze, do., not perfomied ;

for violoncello, with quartet, barp, and har-
Much vocal music. — Fi'tis, Sui^jilcment, i. monium, ib. Solemn Mass, Chiavari, 1809
; ;
300. Pensieri ed Aflfetti, vocal album (Milan,

GAMUCCI, B.VLDASS.VRE, born in Lucca). — Fi'tis, Supplement, i. 301 ; Men-
Florence, Dec. 14, 1822. Pupil of Carlo del, Ergiinz., 117.
Fortini on the pianoforte and of Luigi Pic- G.\NDOLFO, opi'rctte in one act, text
chiauti in composition. He founded in by Chivot and Duru, music by Charles
Florence in 1845 a choral society, Del Car- Lecocq, represented at the Boufies Paii-
mine, which later became the Royal JIusic siens, Paris, Januai-y, 1809. The libretto ia
Institute, of which ho was directoi-. "Works from a tale by Boccaccio.
Masses ; Requiem ; Cantatas ; Motets ;
GANSBACHER, JOHANN, born at Ster-
Psalms. He was the author also of an ele- zing in the Tyrol, May 8, 1778, died in
mentary work on music, and of "Intonio Vienna, July 13, 1844. Instructed by his
"
cd alle opere di Luigi Cherubini
alia vita father in singing, pianofoi-te, organ, and
(1809).— Mendel, Ergiinz., 117 Fetis, Suiv riolin, he became a choir-boy first at Inns-
;
pK'ment, i. 300 Riemann. ; pruck, then at Halle. Entered Innsjn-uck

GANDIXI, Cavaliere ALESS.VXDRO, University iu 1795, but left in 1790 to serve
born at Modena in 1807, died there, Dec. as a soldier visited Vienna iu 1801, and ;
17, 1871. Dramatic composer, son and pu- studied under Vogler and Albrechtsberger
pil of Antonio Gandini, whom he succeeded accompanied his patron. Count Firmian, to
as maestro di cappella at the court iu his Bohemia in 180J. He then travelled, and
GANZ
resided some time in Innspmclc, nnd in 1810 pil of his father, of Stiastny, and in theory
visitedVogler iu Darmstadt, where lie be- of G. Weber. He joined the Berlin court
came intimate with liis fellow-pupils Mej-- band in 1827 ; made concert tours with his
erbeer and Weber, who addressed to him brother Leopold, visiting London in 1837,
a large part of their correspondence. He and again iu 185G. Works Concertos for
:
again entered the ai'niy iu 1813, but was violoncello and orchestra ; Fantasias, duets,
appointed in 1823 Kapellmeister to the trios, transcriptions, songs, and other pieces.
Cathedral of St. Stephen, in Vienna, as suc- — Allgem. d. Biogr.; Mendel Fetis Grove.
; ;
cessor of Preindl, and held the office until GARA, LA (The Competition), Italian
his death. Works 27 graduals 17 masses
: ; ;
mu-
operetta in one act, text by Metastasio,
4 Requiems ; Offertories, by Georg Reutter, rejiresented at the
motets, hymns, sic
psalms, and litanies Sonatas, variations, Imperial Court, Vienna, 1755, in honour of
;
and marches for pianoforte Orchestral sym- the Archduchess !Maria Antonia, afterwards
;
phony Music to Kotzebue's Die Kreuzfah- Marie Antoinette, Queen of France. Char-
;
rer Liederspiel, Des Dichters Geburtsfest

; acters represented Serenissima arcidu- :
Italian tei'zettos, vocal quartets, cantatas, chessa Dama prima Dama seconda. ; ;
songs, and other compositions, numbering GARAT, PIERRE JEAN, born at Us-
altogether 21G.— Mendel Wurzbach FC- taritz, April 25, 17G4, died in Paris, March
; ;
tis ; Grove. 1, 1823. Singer and composer, pupil in

GANZ, ADOLF, born in Jlainz, Oct. 14, Bayonue of Lamberti, and in Bordeaux of
179G, died iu London, Nov. 11, 18(59. Vio- Franyois Beck. Sent to Paris to finish the
linist, pupil of Sebastian Hollbusch. He study of law, when the struggle between the
became conductor at Mainz in 1819, Ka- Gluckists and Piccinnists was at its height,
pellmeister to the Grand Duke of Hesse he became drawn into it, and determined to
Darmstadt iu 1825, and in 1845 musical make music his jJi'ofession. After a strug-
director of aGerman opera company in gle with poverty, the Comte d'Artois made
London. Works Melodrama Marches him his private secretary, and ])resented
: ; ;
Overtures Songs. Eduard Ganz, his son him to Marie Antoinette, who.se musical
;
(1827-G7), was a pianist, pupil of Thalberg. favourite he became from 1785 to 1789. At
Wilhelra, another son (born, 1833), is a pia- the time of the llevolutiou he went with
nist London. He
and organist in has pub- Rode to Hamburg, but returned to Havre
lished pianoforte music and songs. Allgem. — in 1794, and sang at the Feydeau concerts
d. Biogr., viii. 36G Futis Mendel. ; ; in 1795, where his success was overwhelm-
GANZ, LEOPOLD, born in Mainz, Nov. ing. He possessed a voice of wonderful
28, 1810, died in Berlin, June 15, 18G9. compass, including both baritone and tenor
Violinist, pupil of his father and of his registers, and sang all styles of music
brother Adolf Ganz, and of Biirwolf. He well Until he lost his voice, at the age of
made fifty, he was the most popular singer in
concert tours with his brother Moritz,
became a member baud Europe. He was made i^rofessor of sing-
of the Berlin court
in 1827, and received in 183G the title, and ing at the Conservatoire, at the time of its
in 1840 the place, of Conzertmeister. His institution, about 1795, and had many cele-
reputation is due chiefly to his playing with brated pupils. He was the author of several
his brother. Works: Duos for violin and jDopular romances Belisaire, Je t'aime taut, :
violoncello, published with his brother. Le menestrel exile, Firmin et son chien, etc.,
— Allgem. d. Biogr.; Mendel Fi'tis Grove. which owed their celebrity chiefly to his
; ;
GANZ, MORITZ, born in Mainz, Sept. style of singing them. Fetis Larousse. — ;
IG, 180G, died in Bcrhn, Jan. 22, 18G8. GARAUD:^, ALEXIS DE, born in Nancy,
Violoncellist, brother of the preceding, pu- March 21, 1779, died iu Paris, March 23,
CARCIA
1852. Pupil of and Pioiclia, and his own and in several Italian operas. In
Ciiiubiiii
influenced by Cresceutini and Garat sanj,' 1817 he went to England, and sang there
;
in the Imperial and Itoyal Chapel of Paris very succes-sfuUy, returning in 1819 to
in 1808-;J0 and professor of singing and Paris, where he remained until 1823,
;
harmony in the Conservatoire in 181G-41. bringing out many works of his own,
Works Sonatas for pianoforte, and other besides singing in all the well-known Ital-
:
chamber music Songs and duets JIusic ian operas. He returned to London as first
; ;
for violin, violoncello, and other instruments. tenor of the King's Theatre in 1823 and
He was the autlior also of MOthode du chant founded there a school for singing, which
(180!)), and other didactic works. His son, became famous. In 1823-25 he alteniated
Ale.\is Albert Gauthicr Garaudi' (1821-54), between Paris and London, producing oj)-
was accompanist at the Opt'ra Comiijue and eras in both cities and devoting much of
Ijublished pianoforte music. —
Fetis Men- his time to teaching. In 1825 his daugliter
;
del. JLiria, afterwards the celebrated ilme ^lali-

GAECIA, Don FRANCISCO SAVERIO, bran de Beriot, made her debut in London,
surnamed Lo Spagnoletto, born at Nalda, and he set about the realization of a project
Spain, in 1731, died at Saragos.sa, Feb. 2G, he had formed of establishing Italian op-
1809. Ciuirch comi)oser, first studied in era in New York. Taking with him a com-
Spain, then in Rome, where he lived as pany' consisting of himself and the younger
vocal teacher until ITof!, when he became Crivelli, tenors his son, Manuel Garcia, ;
maestro de capilla of the cathedral at Sara- and Angrisani, bassi cantauti Rosicb, buflb ;
gossa. He greatly influenced church music caricato ^Mme Barbieri and Mme Garcia, ;
in Spain, banishing the then prevailing soprani and JIaria Garcia (Malibran), con-
;
fugued style. His numerous compositions, tralto, he made his first appearance before
consisting of masses, and motets for all the an American audience at the Park Theatre,
feasts of the year, are written almost ex- New York, Nov. 29, 1825, in II Barbiere.
clusively for eight voices in two choruses. Between this and Sept. 30, 1820, the date
— Riemann.
Fi'tis ; of his last 2)erformauce, ho gave seventy-
G.VRCIA, MANUEL DEL-POPOLO- nine representations, partly at the Park and
VICEXTE, born in Seville, Spain, .Jan. 22, partly at the Bowery Theatre, including
1775, died in Paris, Dra- Otello, Romeo e Giulietta, II Turco in Italia,
June 2, 1832.
matic composer, chorister of the cathedral Semiramide, Don Giovanni, Tancredi, La
at Seville at the age of six, pupil of Don Cenerentola, and two of his own operas,
Antonio Ripa and Juan .Vlmarcha. When L' aniante astuto and La figlia dell' aria.
seventeen he was well known as a singer, In 1827 he went to Mexico, brought out
composer, and orchestra conductor. After eight operas there with success, and after
making a reputation at home and produc- a stay of eighteen months set out on his
ing several operas, he m.ade his debut in return, but was robbed by brigands near
Italian opera at the Opera Bouffe, Paris, in Vera Cruz of all his earnings. He returaed
1808 brought out and sang in his Spanish
; to Paris, appeared again in opei'a, but de-
operas in 1809, and was rapturously re- voted himself mainly to teaching until his
ceived in them, this stylo of music being death. His principal pupils, besides his
new to Paris. In 1811 he went to Italy, daughters Mme ^lalilu-an and Pauline (Mme
and sang in Turin, Naples, and Rome and ; Viardot), were Îmes Rimbault, Ruiz-Gar-
:
in 1812 he was appointed first tenor in cia, Meric-Lalande, Favelli, and Countess
Murat's chapel. About the end of 181G he Merlin Adolphe Nourrit, Gi'raldy, and his
;
went to England, and thence to Paris, made son Maiuiel Garcia. Works Spanish op- —
his dt'but at the Theatre Italieu, sinjjriu'jr in enis : El preso por amor, given at Malaga,
GARCIA
1803 El posailero, Madrid Quieii porfia written various compositions for his instru-
; ;
iiiucho alcanza, El poet.a calciilista, ib., ment. Fetis, Supplement, i. 363. —

1805 El reloj do jNIadera El criado fin-
;
GARDEZ-VOUS DE LA JALOUSIE.
;
gido, El cautiverio apareiite, Los ripios del See Eujihromne et Coradin.

maestro Adau, El hablador, Florinda, ib., G.\JIDI, FRANCESCO, born in Italy
about 1805 Abufar, Semirainis, Acendi, about the middle of the 18th century,
;
El gitauo por amor, Los maridos solteros, died (?). Dramatic comjjoser, known by
Xaira, Mexico, 1828. Italian operas : II the following operas : L' ineantesimo senza
Califo di Bagdad, Naples, 1812 ; La selva magia, 1784 La muta per amoro, La donna
;
nera, ballet, Milau ; II fazzoletto, Paris, ve la fa, 1785 La bella Lauretta, 1786
; ;
1823 ; Astuzie e prudeuza, Loudou, 1825 ;

Euea nel Lazio, Modena, 1786 ; Un buco
L' amante astuto, La figlia dell' aria, II lupo nella porta, 1787 II couvito di pietra, ossia ;
d' Ostenda, I bauditi. La buoua famiglia, il Don Giovanni, Venice, 1787 L' Ameri- ;
Dou Cliisciotte, La 1788 La fata cajiricciosa, Venice,

gioveutti d' Eurico V., cana, ;
Le tre sultaue, New York, 1827 Uu' ora di 1789 Teodoliuda, ib., 1790 La bottega
; ; ;
matrimouio, Zemira e Azor, Mexico, 1827. di caflo, 1790 II nuovo convitato di pietra, ;
French Oiêras Le prince d'occasion, Paris, Bologna, 1791. His or.atorio Abrahami sac-
:
Opera Comique, 1817 La mort du Tasse, rificium iâssed for his finest work, and ob-
;
ib.. Opera, 1821 ; ib., 1822

Florestan, La ; tained great success at the close of the 18th
meuniere, ib., Gymuase Dramatique, 1823
century. Fetis Mendel. ;
— ;
Les deux coutrats, ib.. Opera Comique, GARIB.ALDI, GIUSEPPE, coutempo-

1824.— Fetis Grove Mendel Ritter, Mu- rai'y. Flutist, born in Italy, and lived in
; ; ;
sic in America, 186 Schilling, Supplement. France, where he published a large number
;
GAPvCLl, MARIANO, born at Aoiz, Na- of compositions for his instrument, and
varre, July 26, 1809, still living, 1889. wrote the operas-comiques Au clair de la :
Church composer, at first choir-boy in the lune and La jeunesse de Hoche, both given
Cathedral of Pampeluna, where he was in- at Versailles, September, 1872, and the oper-
structed by Mateo Gimenez, then studied etta, Le ruve d'un ecolier, given at a concert,
the violin and, under Jose Guelbenzu, har- 1868.— Fetis, Supplement, i. 363 Mendel, ;
mony and composition. Within a few years Ergi'inz., 118.

after, he was made professor in the chapel GARNIER, FRANÎOIS JOSEPH, born
of the cathedral, and later on became di- at Lauris (Vaucluse) in 1759, died there in
rector of the school of music in bis native 1825. Virtuoso on the oboe, pupil of Sal-
town. He has written a great number of leutiu in 1778 he became second, and in ;
sacred compositions, distinguished for clear- 1786 first, oboist in the orchestra of the
ness and elegance of ideas, facility of execu- Opera, Paris, and from 1783 was a mem-
tion, and pure taste. —
Fetis, Su^jplement, i. ber of the king's chamber music. At the
363. outbreak of the Revolution he lost these
GARCIN, JULES AUGUSTE SALO- positions, but seciu'ed au appointment as
MON, called, born at Bourges, July 11, commissaire ordonnateur in the Army of the
1830. Violinist, pupil at the Conservatoire, Rhine at Frankfort he appeared with great ;
Paris, of Clavel and of Alard on the violin, success in a concert given by Kreutzer ;
of Bazin in harmony, and of Adam in com- afterwards attached to an army corijs iu

position took the 2d prize for violin in Italy, he visited Rome and Najjles, and on
;
1851 and the first in 1853 became a mem- leaving the army retired to his native vil-
;
ber of the Opera orchestra, of which he is lage. He published concertos, and duos
now 3d chef d'orehestre and first solo vio- for his instrument, duos for oboe and vio-
lin. Besides a concertino for viola, he has lin, trios for oboe, flute, and bassoon, and a
GARRETT
method for oboe. His brother Joseph, and in Salblinger's collection of 1.545. Bni-
called Gamier the younger, was oboist, and ni mentions his masses, written on French
afterwards flutist, iu the orchestra of the chansons, as preserved in the archives of
Opera, 1789-1814, and composed a concerto the Pontifical Chapel. Under the name of
for flute, trios for flute, horn, and bassoon, Gascong his masses in MS. are found in
duos for flute, and (.'tudes and a method for the royal librarj' atMunich others are in ;
flute. —Fetis ; Mendel Riemann.

; the public hbrary at Carabrai among the
GARRETT, GEORGE MURSIXL, bom MSS. of the 16th century.— Fitis ; Mendel.
iu AVinehester, Eng- GASPAR V.\N WERBECKE(\\eerbeke),
land, June 8, 1834, born Audenarde, Flanders, alwut 1440,
in
still li\-ing, 1889. Or- died after 1509. He was singing master to
ganist, pupil of S. S. the house of Sforza in Milan until 1490,
Wesley, whose assist- when he retumed to his native town.
ant at the organ he Works Misser (sic) Gaspar, 5 masses (pub-
:
was in 1851-54 then ; lished by Petrucci, Venice, 1509) 3 paits ;
organist successively of masses in Fragmenbi missarum (ib.,

of Madras Cathedra], 1509) a mass iu Missaram diversorum auc-
;
1854-56, St. John's torum liber primus (1508) Several motets ;
College, Cambridge, and lamentations in Pttnicci's diflerent col-

18G7 ; Mus. Title, Cam-
University, 1873, lections ; Manuscript masses in librarj* of
bridge, 1857 Mus. Doc, ib., 18G7 univer-
; ; Pontifical Chapel. — Fetis ; Riemann ; Am-
sity lecturer, 1883 examiner in music for
; bros, iii. 246.
University of Cambridge. Works The Shu- GASP.VRI, G.V£TANO, bom in Bologna,
:
namite, oratorio, 1882 The Deliverance of ;March 14, 1807, died there, March 31, 1881.
St. Peter, sacred cantata The Trium))h of Church composer, pupil of Benedetto Do-
;
Love, secular cantata Church services uelli at the Lyceo, where he won several
; ;
Anthems, part-songs, and songs. important prizes. He became maestro di

G.ARTH, JOHN, English composer of cappella of the church at Cento in 1828,
the last half of the 18th century. He and of the cathedral at Imola iu 1836-39,
probably lived in London as an organist. when he was called to assist Donelli at the
Works G sonatas for harpsichord, two vio- Lyceo in Bologna. He became librarian of
:
lins, and violoncello (17G8) C organ volun- the musical libi-aiy of the Lyceo in 1856,
;
tai-ies 30 collects set to music. He jiub- and maestro of S. Petronio in 1857. A

;
lished, also: "The First Fifty Psalms, set clever contrapuntist, he WTote church com-
to music by Benedetto Marcello " (London, positions, chiefly Miserere and masses. He
8 vols., 1757).— Mendel. published, also Memorie risguardanti la :
G.\IITNER, JOHANN, bom on the storia dell' arte musicale in Bologna al xvi
Petersberg, near Fiilda, in 1740, died in secolo. — Fctis, iii. 413 do.. Supplement, L
;
Fulda in 1789. Flutist, pupil in Mannheim 3G4 ; Mendel ; Riemann.

of Wendling ; travelled over Germany, and GASP.miNI (Gua.sparini), FR.ANTES-
then settled down as first flute of the court CO, born at Camajore, near Lucca, March
chapel of the abbot Prince of Fulda, who 5, 1GG8, died in Rome. April, 1727. Dra-
had been his patron. Works Operettas :
;
matic composer, pupil in Rome of Corelli
Flute solos Cantatas.— ilendel
; Frtis. ; and Pasquini. He was maestro di coro at
G.iSCOGNE (Gascongne, Gascoine, Gas- the Ospedale della Pict;i, Venice, and mem-
cong), MATHIEU, French composer of the ber of the Accademia Filarmonicn. In 1725
beginning of the IGth centurj-. His motets he was elected maestro by the chapter of S.
are found in Attaignant'a collection of 1534, Giovanni in Laterano, Rome, with Girolamo
GASrAFJNI
Chiti as his coadjutor, but ill-hcaltli coin- amici, ib., 1721. — Fi'tis ; Burfiey, Hist., iv.
pellecl Lim soon ai'tor to retire ou balf-jjay. 52G ; Mendel.

Ue wrote equally well for the stage and GASPARINI, QUHimO, maestro di cap-
the church, but the work by which he is pella to the King of Sardinia, Turin, in
best remembered is his treatise ou accom- 1749-70. He was a virtuoso violoncellist
paiiimeut entitled, "L'armonico prattico and composed motets, a Stabat Mater, and
al cembalo," 1G83
etc. 7th ed., trios for two violins and violoncello, which
(Venice, ;
1802), which has maintained its position last were published in London. Futis —
in Italy, even since the ai^pearauce of the Mendel.
clearer and better-arranged treatise by GASSE, FERDINAND, born in Naples,
Fenaroli. Works imperatore March, 1788, died (?). Violinist and dra-
: Tiberio,
d' Oriente, given in Venice, Teatro Sant' An- matic composer pupil at the Paris Con- ;
giolo, 1702 Amor delta patria, Imeuei servatoire of Kreulzer, Catel, and Gos.scc.
;
stabiliti dal caso, II principe tra i vassali, He won the 1st violin prize in 1801 ; the
liome, 1703 ; It miglior d' ogni amore per 2d grand prix in 1804, and the grand prix
il peggior d' ogni odio, Venice, Teatro San de Rome in 1805. Ho was violinist in the
Cassiauo, 1703 ; Fede tradita e vendicata, orchestra of the Opera, Paris, in 1812-35.
La maschera levata al vizio, Home, 1704 opera ;
Works — Operas : La finta Zingara,
Amleto, Antioco, Fredegonda, 1812 Le voyage
ib., 1705 buftii, given at Naples, ;
II principato custodito dalla frauJe, Statira, incognito, Paris, Opera Comique, 1819
Venice, Teatro San Cassiano, 1705 Jaicou, L' idiote, ib., 1820 Une nuit de Gustave
; ;
re delta China, Rome, 170G Amor gene- Wasa, ib., 1825 Te Deum for two cho-
; ;
roso, Antitrione, ib., 1707 Flavio Anicio ruses Christe cleisou, fugue for six voices
; ; ;
Olibrio, ib., 1708 ; L' Alcide, o violenza d' Three duos for violins, op. 1 ; Duos faciles,
amore, Engelberta, ib., 1709 ; Laprinciijessa 2d and 3d book ; 3 grand duosconcertants ;
fedele, Sesostri, re d' Egitto, Tamerlauo, 3 duos faciles ; 3 sonatas for violin and vio-
La ninfa Apollo, Venice, Teatro San Cas- loncello. — Fi'tis ; Mendel.
siano, 1710 Costautino, La imzzia amo-
; GASSjMANN, FLORIAN LEOPOLD,
rosa, ib., 1711 Merope, ib., 1712
; La ve- Bohemia, May 4, 1723, died
; born at Briix,
ritii neir iuganno, ib., 1713 Bajazette, ib., in Vienna, Jan. 21, 1774.
; Dramatic com-
1719 II Pirro, 11 trace in catena, Eome,
; poser, ran away from home when thirteen
1717 Lucio Vero, Astianatte, ib., 1719 II
; years old, and, supporting himself by play- ;
Faramondo, Amore e Maesta, ib., 1720 La ing the harp, worked his way to Bologna ;
Zoe, ovvero il comando nou inteso, ib., 1721 and became the pupil of Padre Martini,
Gli equivoci d' amore e d' innocenza. La who estaljlished him as organist of a church
fede in cimeuto, Venice, 1730 Mo.su liber- in Venice. He entered the service of Count
;
ato dal Nilo, oratorio. —

Fetis Grove Men- Leonardo Veneri, and soon began to attract
; ;
del Riemann Schilling.

; ; attention by his compositions. In 17G2 the
GASPARINI, MICHELE ANGELO, born Emperor Francis L called him to Vienna
at Lucca, died in Venice in 1732. Dra- as composer for the theatre, and Joseph II.
matic composer and contralto singer, pupil subsequently appointed him Hofkapellmeis-
of Lotti. He founded in Venice a cele- ter and librarian of the imperial musical
brated school of singing, where many well- library. He founded the Society for the
known singers were formed, among others widows and orphans of Vienna musicians,
Faustina Bordoni. Works— Operas H which in 18G2 was reorganized under the :
principe selvaggio, given in Venice, 1G95 name of Haj'dn Societj'. His most distin- ;
II Rodomonte, ib., 1714 Ai-sace, ib., 1715 guished pupil was Salieri.
; He composed a
Lamauo, ib., 1719 II piu fedel tra gli great deal of church music, which Mozart
;
GASSNER
thought more of tlian of his operas, among Songs and male choruses. Allgem. d- —
which are A llass, for cliorus ami orclies-
: Biogr., 40G Fetis Mendel Weech,
viii. ; ; ;
tra, and a very fine Dies irie Psalms, hymns, ; Badischc Biogr., i. 277 Wurzbach. ;
offertories, and an oratorio, Betulia liberata, G.VSTINEL, l£0N GUST AVE CY-
which had a briUiaut success. Works PRIEN, bom at Villers - les - Pots (Cote
Operas Merope, given in Italy, about 1759
:
;
d'Or), France, Aug. 1.5, 1823, still living,
Issipile, ib., ab. 17()0 Catone in Utica, ib., ; 1889. Dramatic composer, pupil of Haluvy,
ab. 17G1 ; Ezio (two different settings), ib., won in 184G the grand pris de Rome for
ab. 17G1 ; Olimpiade, Vienna, 17G4 ; D his cantata Velasquez. Several of liis opt'-
mondo nella luna, Venice, 17G.5 ; II trion- ras-comiques have been successful. Works
fo d' Amore, ib., 17G7 ; Gli uccellatori, Vi- — Operas : Lo miroir, given iu Pari.s, Jan.
enna, rewritten for Venice, 17C8 ; II filosofo 19, 1853 ; L'opcra aux fenetres, 1857 ;
innamorato, (new music, Vi-

ib., 17G8 ; do. Le buisson vert,
Titus et Bt'reuice, 18G0 ;
enna, 1771) Un jiazzo ne fa cento, ib.,

; 18G1 Bianea Capello La Kermesse Les
; ; ;
1769 I viaggiatori ridicoli, Vienna, 17G9

; ;
dames des prus La tulipo bleue Le roi ; ;
L' Amor artigiano, ib., 17G9, Milan, 1770 ;

barde (the last five unrepresented). Orato-
La pescatrice, Vienna, 1771 I rovinati. ; rios : Le dernier jour, 1853 Les sept p.a- ;
La casa di campagna, Amore e Venere, ib., roles ; Saiil La fee des eaux Mexico,' can-
; ;
1772. Two German operas Die jungc Gni- : tata,18G3 3 grand masses 3 symphonies
; ; ;
fin, Berlin, about 17G9 Die Liebe unter ; Concerto for two violins with orchestra 2 ;
den Handwcrksleuten. Instrumental mu- overtures ; Chamber nuisic ; Songs. — Fells ;
sic Symphonies for orcliestra G quartets

: ; do., Sujipli'ment, Mendel. i. 305 ;
for flute, viola, and bass G (piintets for 2 ; GASTOLDI, GIOV.AN'XI GL\C0:M(),
violins, 2 violas, and bass G ipiartets for 2 ; born at Caravaggio, Italy, about the middle
violins, viola, and violoncello (.Ymsterdam). of the 16th centuiy, died after 1596. Maes-
— Fetis Grove INIendel Schilling Wurz-
; ; ; ; tro di cappella in JIantua, and iu 1592 in
bacb. Milan. His Balletti da suonare, cantarc e
GASSNEE, FEEDINAND SBION, born ballare are s.aid to have served Morley as
in Vienna, Jan. G, 1798, died in Carlsruhe, models for his Ballets or Fa-las. Two of
Feb. 25, 1851. them are well known to English amateurs
Violinist, went early to :
Carlsruhe, where he studied the violin while Maiden fair, of Mautua city, and. Soldiers,
attending the gymnasium entered the brave and gallant be. He was a prolific ;
court orchestra, and in 181G became violinist writer of canzonets and madrigals. There
of the new Nationaltheatcr in Mainz and were published five or more books of his
soon after Corrcpetitor and vice music di- madrigals for five, six, eight, and nine
rector, being influenced by Gottfried Weber. voices, 8 books of canzonets for three, four,
In 1818 he was university music director in and five voices, besides books of masses,
Giessen, received in 1S19 the degree of doc- ps.alms, vespers, etc., published in Venice,
tor, and authority to lecture on music ; Mantua, Milan, and Antwerp, between 1581
re-
turned to the Carlsruhe orchestra in 182G, and IGll. He was one of the composers
and was and music who dedicated a collection of ps.alms for
later singing teacher
director of the court theatre there. Com- five voices to Palestrina iu 1592 (Martini).
posed operas, ballets, cantatas, and other His madrigals ai'e found in a collection pub-
music, edited musical journals, and wrote lished at Antwerp by .Vndn.'- Peveruago iu
several books. Works Der Schiffl)ruch, 1593 with the title, Harmonic celesti di di-
:
opera Das Sfiindchen, do.

; Die MiiUer, vei-si excel, mus. They are also in the col- ;
ballet Sevei'al other ballets

; Die Aufer- lection Trioufo di Dori (Venice, 159G) in ; ;
weckung des Jilnglings von Nain, cantata Madrigali a otto voci (^Phalesius, Antwerp, ;
GASTKITZ
1590) ; and in many other collections of that cenza, 1784 La Nittoti, Lucca, 1780
;
time. — Fctis ; Grove, Mendel ; Kiemann. Demofoonte, Mantua, 1787. The Death of
GASTRITZ (Castritz, Castricius, Castri- Abel, oratorio, 1788 Church music in MS.
;
tius), MATTHLVS, German composer of — Fetis Mendel. ;
the 16th century. He was organist in Am- GATTI, SIMONE, born in Venice about
berg, Upper Palatinate, about 1571 ; wrote the middle of the 16th century, died (?).
Latin and German songs, and particularly Composer of several religious dramas or
the melody to Herzlich lieb hab' ich dich, o mysteries written for the Duke Albert of
Herr. He is sometimes called erroneously Bavaria, in whose chapel he was musician,
Michael Gastritz. — Allgem. d. Biogr. ; Mo- after serving in the same cajjacity in that of
natshefte fiir Musili-Geschichte, v. 123 ; vi. the Archduke Charles of Austria. —Fetis ;
26 ; Mendel. Mendel.
GATAYES, F:f]LIX, born in Paris, 1809, GATTI, TEOBALDO DI, born in Flor-
still living, 1889 (?). Pianist, ence about 1050, died in Paris, 1727. Dra-
self-taught,
afterwards received a few lessons from matic composer. He heard Lulli's music
Liszt he improvised with rare
; facility, and in Italy and went to Paris to join him,
won great applause on his concert tours, served in his orchestra at the Opera, and re-
which led him for twenty years through mained there fifty j-ears. Works Coronis, :
Europe, America, and Australia. His sym- pastorale, given in Paris, Opera, 1691 ;
phonies and overtures for orchestra are es- Sylla, opera, ib., 1701 Twelve Italian arias ;
teemed by critics. For pecuniary reasons (Paris, 1090).— Fetis Hawkins, Hist., v. ;
he devoted himself later to compositions for 45 Mendel Schilling. ; ;
military band. Fc'tis. — G.\TTY, ALFRED SCOTT, born at Ec-

GATAYES, GUILLAUME PIERRE AN- elesfield, England, April 25, 1847, still liv-
TOINE, born in Paris, Dec. 20, 1774, died ing, 1889. Vocal composer, studied at
there, October, 1840. An illegitimate son Marlborough and Christ's College, Cam-
of the Prince de Conti and the Marquise Ijridge. Ap2)oiuted, 1880, Rouge Dragon,
de Silly, he ran away from the theological Pursuivant of Arms, Heralds' College,
seminary where he had been placed and was Loudon. AVorks Sandford and Merton'a :
befriended at the time of the Revolution by Christmas Partj% ojjeretta, 1880 Songs ; ;
Marat, who was attracted by his singing and Pianoforte music.

guitar playing. His romances, especially GAUCQUIER (du Gaucquier, Nuceus),
Mon which was sung throughout
dulire, ALARD DUNOYER, born at Lille, Flan-
France, soon won him jjopularity and be ders, first half of the 10th centiiry. He was
became noted as a guitar and harp virtuoso. tenor in 1504, and second maitre de chajielle,
His guitar method (1790) was for a long in 1507-70, to the Archdukes of Austria
time the onlj' one used in France. He pub- Ferdinand I., Maximilian II., and Matthias.
lished trios for guitar, flute, and violin ;
Works : Magnificat, 4-6 voc. (1547) Qua- ;
duos for two guitars, for guitar and piano- tuor missfe 5, 6 et 8 vocum (Antwerp, 1581).
forte, for guitar and violin or flute, and for — Fetis ; Van der Straeten, iii. 150 ; v. 103 ;
harp and horn and solos for guitar and for

; Mendel ; Ambros, iii. 325.
harp. His son, Joseph Leon Gatayes (1805- GAUDE, THEODOR, born at Wesel-on-
1877), was a harp virtuoso and composer. the-Rhine, June 3, 1782, died (?). He fin-
— Fetis Mendel Larousse

; Riemann.
; ; ished his musical education in Paris, where
GATTI, Abbate LUIGI, born in Mantua, he made a reputation as a guitar virtuoso
Italy, about 1750, died (?). Dramatic com- and teacher. In 1814 he started on a con-
poser maestro di cappella at Salzburg in
; cert tour for St. Petersburg, but was taken
1790. Works— Operas L' Olimiiiade, Pia- : sick in Hamburg, and on recovering settled
GAUDEAMUS
liis instrument, for ncgressc, 1801
there as a toaclicr of Lc petit Poucet, ou I'or- ;
which he composed and published about phelin de la foret Joseph. Fi'tis, Supple- ; —
—
80 works. Mendel Schilling do., Sup- ment, i. .307
; Mendel, Ergiinz., 119.
; ;
plement, 1G2. G.AULTIER, DENIS, bom at Marseilles

GAUDEAMUS IGITUR, Humoreske for between IGOO an<l IGIO, died in Paris be-
orchestra, soli, and chorus, by Franz Liszt, fore or in 1GG4. Celebrated virtuoso on
op. 10. Published, score and parts life to Paris, where
; also the lute, went early in
for pianoforte (2 and 4 hands), Schuberth. he studied law, and about 1G37 wa.s already
GAUL, ALFRED (HOBEKT), born in famous as a lute player. In 1G47—48 lie es-
Norwich, England, tablished, with his cousin Jacques Gaultier,
April 80, 1837, still liv- the Paris school of the lute, where they con-
ing, 1888. Ho was a jointly formed many pupils. In 1G5G he
cathedral boy at Nor- became lieutenant-general of the baiHwick
wich, from nine until at Clermont, and after IGGO lived again in
fifteen years old, when Paris. He was equally great as a virtuoso
he was articlcil to Dr. and composer, and looked upon by his con-
Zachariah Buck, or- temporaries as the most distinguished rep-
ganist of the cathedral. resentative of lute music in general. Of his
In 1854-50 ho was or- ^
—
compositions two printed collections are
'
'
ganist at Fakenham, Norfolk, and in the preserved Pieces de luth (ICGO), and Livre :
latter j-ear he became organist of St. Augus- de tablature, besides the Codex Hamilton,
tine's, Edgebaston, Birmingham, a position containing La rhetorique des dieux, a col-
he still holds. He is also teacher of harmony lection of G2 pieces in manuscript (1650-

and countci-point at the Midland Institute 55 ?), now in the cabinet of engravings at
and conductor of the Sunday School Union the Berlin Museum. Vierteljahi-sschrift f Ur —
Choral Society, Birmingham. JIus. Bac, Musikwissenschaft, ii. (188G) 1-180.
Cambridge, 18G2. Works Hezekiah, ora- G.VULTIER, JACQUES (Gautier le
:
torio, 18C0 Ist Psalm, cantata OGth Psalm, vieux?), called Gautier d'Angleterre, bom
; ;
for solo voices and 8-part chorus Rutli, (at L3-ons ?) about IGOO, died in Paris bo-
;
cantata, 1881 The Holy City, do., Bir- fore 1G71. Virtuoso on the lute, pupil of
;
mingham Festival, 1882 Passion Service, Mesangeau was royal lutist in London,
; ;
do. ;Joan of Arc, historical cantata, text 1G17-47, had won reputation in 1622, and
by Frederick Enoch, Birmingham Festival, settled in Paris, 1647, where he formed
1887 Offertory Sentences
; Anthems many pupils of note, with his cousin Denis
; ;
Glees Songs and part-songs.

; His Holy Gaultier. He is probably identical with
City is often sung in the United States his Gaulirr le vieux, Sieur de NeUe, of Lyons. ;
Passion Service was sung for the first time Some of his compositions are preserved in
in America at Cliickering Hall, New York, the Codex Milleran in the library of the
Dec. 15, 1885 and his Ruth, ib., Feb. 14, Conservatoire, Paris.
;
Vierteljalu-sschrift —
1887. fiu- Musikwissenschaft, ii. 2-11.
GAULTIER , French dramatic com- GAULTIER, PIERRE, bora at La Ciotat,
poser in the last part of the 18th century. Provence, iu 1642, died in the harbor of
He wrote the following operas for the The- Cettc in 1697. Dramatic composer in the
atre des Jeunes Artistes, Paris Phcnix, ou style of LuUi, of whom he bought, in 16S5,
:
nie des vieilles, 1796 Zt'phyr et Flore, ou for Marseilles, his patent to give operas,
;
rose d'Amour, 1797 Le dcdit, 1798 Lo and brought out with gi'oat success his
; ;
nid d'Amours, 1798 ; Vert- Vert, ou le per- opera Lo triomphe do la paix, March 22,
roquct do Nevers, 1800 ; Frosinc, ou la 1687. Ho then played with his company
(lAT^NTLETT
altematelj' at Marseilles, Montpellier, ami servatoire, Paris won the 1st violin prize ;
Lyons, and on embarking in Mar- in 1838) and the 2d grand prix in 1842.
Iti'JT for
seilles was shii)wreckecl and lost with Lis He became in 1848 secontl chef d'orchestre
entire troupe. He published also a collec- at the Lyrique, iu 1864 chef de chant at the
tion of duos and trios for violin and flute, Theatre Italien, and in the same year pro-
and left other instrumental music in MS. fessor of harmony at the Conservatoire for
— Vierteljahrsschi-ift f. Musikwissenschaft, the female classes and afterwards of the class
ii. 28. in musical history. He was also for several
GAUNTLETT, HENRY JOHN, born at years maitre de chapelle of the Chui-ch of
Wellington, Shropshire, England, in 1806, Saint-Eugene, Paris. Works Ojjeras L'an- — :
died in London, Feb. 11, 1876. Organist, neau de Marie, given at Versailles, 1845 ;
studied law and music practised law iu Les barricades (with Pilati), Paris, 1848
; ;
1831-42 organist in 1827-47 of St. Olave's, Le mariu de la garde, ib., 1849 Murdock
; ;
Southwark, and afterwards of several other le bandit, ib., 1851 Flore et Zophire, ;
churches. Mus. Doc, Lambeth, 1842. Iu Choisy le Roi, ib., 1852 Schahabaham H., ;
1846 he was chosen by Mendelssohn to play ib., 1854 Le mariage extravagant, ib., ;
the oi'gan part in Elijah, on its production 1857 Le docteur Mirobolan, ib., 1860 La ; ;
at Birmingham. Works Hymns for Mat- bacchante, Jocrisse, ib., 1862 Le trosor de
: ;
ins and Evensong (1844) Church Hymnal Pierrot, ib., 1864 La clef d'or La mort
; ; ;
and Tune Book, with W. J. Blew (1844-51) de Jesus, oratorio Le 15 aoflt, cantata, ;
Cautus melodici (1845) The Congrega- 1861 Ave Maria, 1848.— Fetis do.. Sup-
; ; ;
tional Psalmist, with Dr. Allon (1851) plement, i. 368 Mendel do., Ergiinz, 120
;
: ;
;
Hymns and Glorias ; Tunes new and old Riemann.

(1868) ; Anthems ; Songs and glees Organ GAVE.YUX, PIERRE, born
; at Beziers
music. — GroveMendel, Ergiinz., 119.
; (Herault), France, August, 1761, died in the
GAUSSOIN, AUGUSTE LOUIS, born in hospital for insane at Charentou (Paris), Feb.
Brussels, July 4, 1814, died there, Jan. 11, 5, 1825. At the age of six he became choir-
1846. Composer, professor at the Brus- boy at the cathedral in his native town. He
sels Conservatoire. was destined for the church, and studied
Pupil of Massct, Suel,
Hanssens, and Fc^tis. In 1837 he insti- Latin and philosophy. In 1778 he purposed
tuted people's concerts iu Brussels, and free
going to Naples to comjilete his musical
choral schools for workmen. Works Ser- studies, but was prevented by the Bishop
:
enade for orchestra Le poete mourant, of Beziers offering him a benefice. On the
;
cantata La mort du contrebandier, do. death of this prelate, however, he accepted

; ;
Overture for grand orchesti-a La chute the position of first tenor at the Church of
;
des feuiUes, elegie Album lyrique Album Saint-Severin at Bordeaux, where he also
; ;
—
de chant. Fetis, Supplement, i. 367 Men- studied composition under F. Beck. After
;
del, Ergiinz., 119. the successful production of several compo-

GAUTIER sitions, he determined to make music his
(Gautier le vieux, or I'ancien),
DENIS, Sieur de born about 1620, vocation so he quitted the cloth, and en-
Neiie, ;
died in 1678-80. Lutist at the French tered the company at the Bordeaux theatre
court ;
published a Livre de tablature de as tenor. In 1788 he went to Montpellier,
pieces de luth sur diflerents modes (Paris, and in 1789 to Paris, where he was made
1664), and other music. Fetis Mendel. —
leading tenor at the Theatre de Monsieur,
;
GAUTIER, JEAN FRANC;OIS EUGENE, which was then at the Tuileries. When the
born at Vaugirai'd, near Paris, Feb. 27, Feydeau was opened, on Jan. 6, 1791, this
1822, died there, April 3, 1878. Violinist, company was joined with the Italian troupe
pupil of Habeneck and Halevy at the Con- of the foire Saint-Germain, and from that
CiAVJMES
time Gavcaux never saiipf at any other thea- Violinist, considered in France the founder
tre. In 1801 the conipauie.s of the Thi'atre of the French school mostly self-taught, ;
Favart aud the Feydeau were united, and forming his style chiefly after that of the
Gaveaus was made a member of the new great Italian violinists. He made his di'but
combination, but no longer as first tenor. in 1741, at one of the Concerts Spirituels,
His compositions, too, began to attract less and after that resided chiefly in Paris,
attention than formerly, and his singing where he soon won the reputation of being
could not vie with that of Elleviou and one of the greatest violinists of his age.
Martin. In 1812 an attack of insanity His Romance de Gavinie.s, played at his
forced him to quit the stage. He recovered concerts, is said to have always moved
a few months later, but in 1810 his insanity his hearers to tears. He became director
returned, and he was sent to Charenton, of the Concerts Siiirituels with Gossec iu
where ho remained until his death. Ga- 1773, and professor of violin at the Conser-
veaux wrote many operas for the Fej-deau, vatoire in 1705. Among his pupils were
in which his graceful, facile style almost Capron, Roljineau, Le Due aim', Paisible,
made up for a certain lack of melodic Imbault, Baudran, and Verdiguies. Works ;
originality but for a time his works were Le im'tcndu, opera-comique, plaj'ed at the
;
very popular. Works Le ^'Î'iit. ou la Comi'die Italienue, 17(jO Les xingt-quatre

: ;
chaumiOre indienne, given at the Theatre matint'es (1704) G sonatas for violin with ;
Feydeau, 1702 Les deux Suisses, ib. (after bass C do., op. 3 G concertos for violin
; ; ;
the events of Aug. 10th, entitled L'amour and bass 3 sonatas for violin solo (Nader- ;
filial, ou la jambe de bois) Les deux man, Paris, 1801). Fi'tis

; Grove; Hart, — ;
ermites, La famille indigente, La partio The Violin, 285 Larousse Fayolle, No- ; ;
carree, 1703 Sophronime, 1704 Le petit tices sur Corelli, Tartiui, Gaviuies et Viotti
; ;
matelot, Lise et Colin, 1705 Tout par (1810). ;
hasard, Delmon et Nadine, La

CV'Iiane, GAYER, JOHANN JOSEPH GEORG,
gasconnadc, 170G Le traite nul, Sophie et born at Engelhaus, Bohemia, April 17,
;
Moncars, ou I'intrigue portugaise, 1707 1748, died in Homburg in 1811.;

Violinist,
Leonore, ou l'amour conjugal (his best pupil in Prague of Pichl, and in composi-
work, subject identical with Beethoven's tion of Loos. Ho made a concert tour to
Fidclio), 1708 Les iioms supposes, 1708 Darmstadt, and in 1774 became Couzert-
; ;
Les deux jocke3's, 1700 Owinska, Le trom- ineister in Homburg. His compositions in-
;
pour tronipe, 1800 Le locataire, Theatre clude symphonies, church music, concertos
;
Favart, 1800 Avis aux femmes, Un quart for the violin, horn, and other instruments.
;
d'heure de silence, Theatre Feydeau, 1804 Mendel I'Vtis. ;

— ;
Le diablo coulenr de rose, ou le bonhomme GAZTA:\U}IDE, JOAQUIN, bom at Tu-

Misi're, Le boufl'o et le taillour, Trop tut, dela, Navarre, Spain, Feb. 7, 1822, died in
Le manage inattendu, Tln'utrc ^Moutaiisier, Madrid, March 18, 1870. Dramatic com-
1804; L'amour a Cythere, Opc'ra, iSOa poser, pupil of Jose Guelbcnzu, an organist
;
Monsieur Deschalumeaux, Theatre Feydeau, of Pampeluna, on the pianoforte and in com-

1805 ; Le diable en vacauce, Theatre Mou- position, and later, at the ^[adrid Conser-
tansier, 1805 ; L'echellc de sole, Theatre Fey- vatorio, of Albeniz and Carnicer. When
deau, 1808 ; La leader of the orchestra at the Tcatro del
rose blanche et la rose rouge,
1800 ; L'enfaut jirodigue, 1811 Une nuit Principe, :^L^drid, ho brought out his firet
;
an bois, ou le muet de circonstance, 1818. zarzuela, and in the twenty-five years fol-
— Fetis do.. Supplement, i. 3G0
; Mendel. lowing he WTote upwards of forty, some of
;
GAVINII-'S, I'lERUE. born in Bordeaux, which were very popular. He l>ecamc di-
May 20, 172G, died in Paris, Sept. 0, 1800. rector of the theatre aud of the Conser-
(JAZZA
vrttorio concerts for tlio Society for Mutual in the principal character, had a long and
Help, Chevalier of the OrJer of Charles successful run at the Porte Saint-Martin,
in., Couimantlcr of that of Isabella la Paris, in 1815. Pai'r, seeing its operatic
Catolica, aud honorary professor of the capabilities, sent the play, with marginal
Conservatorio of Madrid. Works Op- — notes .showing how it should be divided for
eras Escenas de Chamberi (with Bar-
: musical jiurposes, to his librettist at Milan ;
bieri, Hernando, aud Oudrid), 1850 La ; and the latter, instead of returning it to
piearesca (with Barbieri), 1851 Por seguir ; Paer, offered it to Rossini, who wrote for it
a una mujer (with Barbieri, Inzenga, and oue of his most brilliant scores. The over-
Oudrid), 1851 El Yalle de Andorra, 1852 ture, among the composer's best orchestral
; ;
Don Bobadilla (with Barbieri, works, begins with a duet for snare drums,
Sini^jlicio
Hernando, aud Inzenga) 1853 Uu dia oue of the earliest instances of the use of that
;
de reiuado (with Barbieri), 1854 Cata- instrument in the orchestra. It was con- ;
liua, 1854 El sarjeuto Federico (with sidered at the time such an innovation that
;
Barbieri), 1855 Eutre dos aguas, 1856 ;
La zarzuela (with Arrieta aud Barbieri),

1855 Los Magyares, played over one hun-
;
dred times, 1857 Amor sin conocer (with ;
Barbieri), 1858 El jurameuto, 1858 Una ; ;
Vieja, 1860 En las astaa del torre, 1862

;
Al Amanecer Auarquia conjugal Casado ; ;
y soltero El amor y el almuerzo

; El es- ;
treuo de un artista El lancero La cotor- ; ;
ra La nina La edad en la boca Una

; ; ;
historia en un meson Un pleito Tribula- ; ;
ciones La hija del pueblo Las senas del

; ;
archiduque Del palacio a la taberna El

; ;
diablo las carga ; La mensajera ; Esteba-

uillo El sueuo de una noche de verano
;
;
La La conquista de Ma-
cistcrna encautada ;
drid Las hijas de Eva Los comuneros

; ;
Matilde y Malek-Adel El secreto de la ;
reiua. A kinsman, Xavier Gaztambide, a j'oung musical enthusiast went about

was leader of orchestra at a Jladrid theatre armed, with the avowed purpose of kill-
in 1866, and the author of several dramatic ing Rossini. The part of Pippo, too, was
compositions. —
Futis, Supplement, i. 370 the first auxiliary part written for a con- ;
Mendel, Ergiiuz., 120. tralto voice, though generally sung at the

GAZZA LADKA, LA (The Thieving Mag- time, in the English and French theatres,
comic opera in two acts, text by a baritone or bass and it was not until
pie), Italian
;
by Gherardini, music by Rossini, first rep- after this that a contralto was considered
resented at La Scala, Milan, May 31, 1817 ; an indisijeusable member of an opera
given in Loudon, King's Theatre, March 10, company, except for first parts. The part
1821, aud in Paris, Theatre Italien, Sept. of Niuetta, sung in 1821 in London by
18, 1821. It was
jsroduced in New Madame Camporese aud iu Paris by Ma-
first
York, in the new opera-house in Church dame Fodor, afterwards became a favourite
Street, Nov. 18, 1833. The Hbretto is character with Sontag, Jlalibran, and Grisi.
founded on a French melodrama, " La pie GAZZANIGA, GmSEPPE born in Ve-
voleuse," which, with Mile Jeuuy Vertpre rona, Italy, October, 1743, died at Cremona
(iEAIt
before 1819. Dramatic composer, piijiil Francis Damett at the Lomlon Academy of
of
I'orpora iu Venice aud at S. Ouofrio, Naiiles, Music. "Works Sonatiw for pianoforte :
;
and 17G7-G9 of I'icciuui. He

in returned String quartet Sf)ngs Two operettas. ; ;
to Venice about 1770, and became the GEBAUER, f:TlENNE FRANrOLS, lx.m
friend of Sacchini, who aided him in the at Vei-Siiilles in Flu- 1777, died iu 1823.
production of bis first opera. In 1779 lie tist,brother and pupil of Michel Joseph
went to Naples and remained until 17.S1, Gebauer, and, on the flute, pupil of Hugot ;
when be visited Palermo, to bring out sev- entered the orchestra of the Opera Comiijuo
eral operas and a mass composed for tbe in became first flutist in 1813, and
1801,
fete of St. Cecilia. In 1791 bo became retired in 1822on account of feeble health.
maestro di cappella of the Cathedral of Cre- ^Vmong his numerous compositions are 19 :
mona and devoted himself chiefly to church works of duets for flutes Several do. for 2 ;
music. Among his operas, H convitato di violins ; Sonatas for flute, with bass, op. 8,
pietra, the forerunner of Don Giovanni, 14 ; More than 100 soli, airs varies, etc.,
had a gi-eat success iu the Italian cities, for flute .tVirs varit's for clainet. Futis. ; —
and later in London. He left several can- GEBAUER, FRANyOIS RENl5, bom in
tata.s, a Te Deum, and other chui-ch music. Versailles in 1773, died iu Paris, July, 1845.
Works — Oi)eras : II finto cieco, given at \i- Bas.soonist, pupil of his brother ^lichel
enna, 1770 ; La locanda, 1771 ; H calan- Joseph Gebauer and Devienne. He was
drino, 1771 ; L" isola d'Alciua, 1772 ; Ezio, bassoonist in the Garde Suisse when fifteen,
1772 ; La tromba di Merlino, 1772 ; La professor at the Versailles Conservatoire
donna soldato, 177-1 ; II ciarlatano in fiera, when twenty-three, member of the orchestra
1774 Marino Carbouaro, 1775 La fedelta
; ; of the Opera, Pari.s, in 1801-2G, and musician
d' amore alia prova, 177G Armida, 1777 ; ;
of the emperor's chapel. Chevalier of the
La contessa di Nuova Luna, Dresden, 1778 ;
Legion of Honour, 1814. Works Sonatas :
;
AnIigoHo, Naples, 1779 La donna capric- ; Duets Trios Quartets Quintets Symphon-
;
; ;
;
ciosa, 1780 II ritorno d' Ulisse, Palermo,

; ies Overtures.
; —
Fetis; Mendel; Riemann.
1781 Peneloppe, ib., 1781 La vendemmia,
; ; GEBAUER, IIUCHEL JOSEPH, bora at
Venice, 1783 ; La creduta infedele, Najilcs, La Fere (Aisue), France, in 17G3, died in
1783 ; II seraglio d' Osmanno, Florence and December, 1812, during the retreat from
Milan, 1785 ; Circe, Venice, 178G Le donue ; Moscow. The son of a regimental mu-
fanatiche, ib., 178(J ; La dama incognita, sician, ho became oboist in the Swiss
1787 ; La cameriera di spirito, Venice, Guard was also a singer in the chapel at
;
1787 ; La Didonc, ib., 1787 U convitato ; Versailles, and a clever violinist. He was
di pietra, Venice, 1787 ; L' Italiana in Lon- a member of the band of the Garde Na-
dra, Piacenza, 1789 L' amor costante, L' im-
; tionale, Paris, in 1791, and professor at the
presario in angustie, Ferrai-a, 1789 La Conservatoire iu 1794-1802. He left the ;
mogliecappricciosa, 1789 Idomeneo. Pad- last position to become chef of the con-
;
ua, 1790 Achillr in Sciro, about 1790

; sular" guard band, subsequently the Garde ;
La donna cbe non parla, about 1790 La Iinpi'riale. Works 200 military marches ; : ;
disfatta de' Mori, Turin, 1791 II marito 2 (Quartets for flute, clarinet, horn, and
;
migliore, Milan, 1801. He left also several bas.soon Ducts for various instruments. ;
cimtata.s, a Te Deum, and other church mu- Fitis, iii. 433 do.. Supplement, i. 371 — ; ;
—
sic. Fetis, iii. 431 Supplement, i. 371 Larousse Mendel Riemann.
; ; ; ;
Grove, Larousse. GEBFX. FR.VNZ XAM^R, bom at FOr-

GE.\R, GEORGE FREDERICK, bom in stenau, near Breslau, iu 1787, died in ilos-
London, May 21, 18.-)7, still living, 1889. cow in 1843. Pupil of Voglcr and Al-
Pianist, pupil of Dr. AVykle, and John brcchtsberger. He was director of theatre
GEBEL
orchestras in Vienna, Pesth, and Leinberg, GEBHARDI, ERNST, born LUDWIG
where he brought out with success several at Nottleben, Thuringia, in 1787, died iu
operas of his composition. From 1817 he Erfurt, Sept. 4, 18G2. He was organist at
taught the jîanoforte in IMoscow. Works the Predigerkirche and royal music director :
Mass 4 symphonies Several overtures in Erfurt. He published several collections

; ; ;
Quartets aud quintets for strings Sonatas, of organ music. ;

— Mendel ; Riemaun ; Fetis.
fantasias, etc., for pianoforte Preludes for GEBHART, ; ANTON, born at Southofen,
organ German songs. INleudel
;
— ; FOtis ;
Bavaria, iu 1817, still living, 1889. Organ-
do., Supplement, i. 371 lliemann. ;
ist, pupil of his father and of Anton Schmid,
GEBEL, GEORG, the elder, born at whose successor he became as organist and
Breslau in 1G85, died there in 1750. Or- music teacher in Dilliugen in 1842. In 1858
ganist, i)upil of Tiburtius Winkler and of he became also director of the church music.
Johann Heiurioli Krause became organist He composed a mass, a Requiem, a Stabat
;
at Brieg in 1709, where was mnch influ- Mater, Miserere, Pangue lingua, and other
lie
enced by Stulzel, aud iu 1713 went in the church music, and wrote on music. Mendel. —
same capacity to Breslau. He was the in- GEBT MUl IMEINEN JESUM WHi-
ventor of a clavichord with quarter tones, DER, aria in G major for the bass of Coro
and of a clavi-cymbalum with manual and n,
accompaniment of violin solo, with
pedal. He composed and continuo, in Johauu
a Passion-Oratorio ;
strings complete,
GO cantatas Mass with orchestra
; 25 Sebastian Bach's rassion nach Matthaus, ;
psalms a collection of canons (among Part IL

;
which, one for 30 voices) 70 chorals 24 GEDENK AN UNS, ; DEINER ; MT

concertos for pianoforte 48 concertos and LIEBE, soprano aria iu B minor, with ac-
;
other works for various instruments i^rel- companiment of oboe, strings complete, oi"- ;
udes for organ, etc., all in MS. Fi'tis gan, and continuo, in Johaun Sebastian — ;
Mendel Rieraann Schilling.

; ; Bach's cantata Bei der Rathswahl zu Leip-
GEBEL, GEORG, the younger, born at zig, 1731, " Wir danken dir, Gott, wir dan-
Brieg, Silesia, Oct. 25, 1709, died at Rudol- keu dir " published seijarately, with addi- ;
stadt, Sept. 24, 1753. Organist, sou aud tional accompaniments bj' Rob. Franz, by
pupil of Georg Gebel the elder, was second F. Whistling, Leipsic, 18G0.
organist at S. M. Magdalena, Breslau, and GEDULD GEDULD aria iu A minor ! !,
at the same time Kapellmeister to the Duke for the tenor of Coro II, with accompani-
of 01s. In 1835 he became a member of ment of violoncello aud continuo, iu Johaun
Count Briihl's orchestra iu Dresden was Sebastian Bach's PaS!fioii nach Matthaus, ;
appointed royal Kapellmeister in Rudolstadt Part I.

in 1747. Works— Operas Oedipus, 1751 GEGRtJSST, GEGRUSST. See Eienzi.
:
;
Medea, 1752 Tarquinius Superbus, 1752

; GEHOT, JEAN, boru in Belgium about ;
Sophonisbe, 1753 ; Marcus Antonius, 1753 ;

175G. Violinist ; made concert tours in
Serpillo e Melissa, given in Dresden, about England, Germauy, and France ; he was liv-
1740 ; Several cantatas ; An Oratorio ; A ing in London in 1784. He wrote quartets,

Mass ; More than 100 symphonies aud duets for strings also a method for or- trios, ;
chestra ; Concertos for pianoforte and other musical instruction

; Church for violin,
and chamber music. His younger brother, books. Mendel Fetis Wasielewski, Die — ; ;
Georg Sigismund (died in 1775 in Breslau, Violiue, 284.

where he was organist at St. Elizabeth's), GEIGER, JOSEPH, born in Lower Aus-
composed fugues and preludes for the or- tria iu 1814, died in Vienna, Dec. 30, 1861.
gan. —
Allgein. d. Biogr., viii. 452 Fetis Pianist, lived long in Vienna as a music ; ;
Mendel Schilling. : teacher, in favour at court and with the

GEIJER
public. Works : Wlasta, opera, given in His works comprise concertos
of Cervetti.
Vienna, 1840 ; Solemn mass for 4 voices and sonatas for the violin, church music,
and orchestra, op. 7 O Deus, ergo, ; gradual and some pieces for the organ. Mendel; —
for 4 voices and organ, oj). G Marches, Fetis. ;
caprices, divertissements, rondos, etc., for GELINEK, Abt JOSEF, bom at Selcz.
pianoforte. — Fi'tis, iii. 439 ; Mendel, iv. Bohemia, Dec. 3,1758, died in Vienna, April
172. 13, 1825. Pianist, pupil of Scgert ; entered
GEIJER, ERIK GUST.VE, born at Ran- the seminary of Pnigue in 1783, and be-
siitter, Wermland, Sweden, Jan. 12, 178.3, came a priest in 178G. On Mozart's recom-
died in Ui)sala, April 23, 1847. He was mendation he was appointed domestic cliai>-
professor of history in the Univer.sity of lain and pianoforte te.icher to Count Philipp
Upsiila from 1817. With Lindblad he made Kinsky, who took him in 1795 to Vienna,
a collection of new Swedish songs, and with where he was in the service of Prince Joseph
Afzelius made the valuable compilation of Kinskj- thirteen j-ears. He studied theory
old Swedi.sh songs. He composed piano- under AJbrechtsbcrger, and became inti-
forte music and some tasteful songs in the mate with Mozart. He was a verj- fashion-
style of liis nation. —
lliemann Fotis. ; able teacher until about 1810, and his com-
"gEISLER, PAUL, born at Stolp, Pom- positions brought him so much monej' that
erania, Aug. 10, 185G, still living, 1889. he was able to leave his poor relatives 42,000
Dramatic composer, pupil of his grand- florins. He composed about 1,000 piece.s,
father, who was director of music atMarien- mostly very shallow, though occasionally
burg, and of Konstantin Decker has lived ;
showing an ea.sy and elegant style. He was
mostly in Leipsic since 1873. Works called the variation-hero, and Palis dealers
Ingeborg, opera, text by Peter Lohmann, had men in their employ writing music to
Bremen, 1884 Der Rattenfiinger von be published under Gelinek's name in the
;
Hameln, symphonic Magdeburg, time of his greatest popularity. Works

poem, :
1880 ; Maria Mag- About 125 themes with variations Trios

Till Eulenspiegel, Mira, ;
dalen.a, symphonic poems Episodes; Mon- and sonatas for pianoforte and strings
;
ologues Songs.
; Fantasias, rondos, sonatas, and many other
GEISSLEIJ, KARL, born at Mulda, pieces for pianoforte. Wurzbach Mendel — ;
near Frauenstcin, Saxony, April 28, 1802, Futis Grove. ;
died at Bad Elster in 18()9. Pupil of his GELOSIE MLLANE, LE (Rustic Jeal-
father and of Fischer, cantor in Freiberg, ousies), Italian opera bufTa in two acts, text
and prefect of the chorus. In 1822 ho be- by Grandi, music by Sarti, represented at
came organist and third teacher in the citj' Venice, 177G. Mozart wrote for it, in 1791,
school at Zschopau, and later was cantor a fine chorus, of which nothing has sur-
and music director. He composed songs, vived but five measures in his autograph
pianoforte and organ music, and edited a catalogue (KCiehel, fil5).
Choralbueh.— :MeiKkl F.'tis Schilling. ; ; GE:kIINI.VNI, FR.VNCESCO, bom in

GELINEK, HERMANN .\^;T0N (called Lucca in 1G80, died in Dublin. Dec. 17,
Cervetti), born at Horzcniowecs, Bohemia, 17G2. Violinist, pupil of Scarlatti, Lonati,
Aug. 8, 1709, died in IMilan, Dec. 5, 1779. and Corelli, who considered him his best
Organist and entered the Premon- scholar, and of whose school he must be con-
%iolinist,
strant Abbey at Seclau, after becoming a sidered one of the foremost representatives,
priest, and was sent to study law in Vienna, although his playing and compositions dif-
b>it on his return found the life unbearable, fered in style horn those of his great master.
and leaving the abbey secretly, travelled as a He went in 1714 to England, where he soon
violinist He lived in Naples under the name won reputation as a virtuoso. He visited
OEMMIXdEN
Paris in 1748-,')5, and on liis return to Eng- AUgem. d. Biogr., viii. 557 ; Fotis ; Mendel
land settled ijermaueutly in London. In Schilling.
17G1 lie went to GE:\IMA DI VERGY, Italian opera, text
Dublin on a visit, by Bidera, music by Donizetti, represented
and died there. Ge- in Milan, 1835, and in Paris, Theatre Ita-
ininiaui had found lien, Dec. IG, 184.5. It was first produced
the art of violin in New York, in 1843, by a French com-

playing in its in- pany from New Orleans.
fancy on his arrival GENAST, EDUARD FR.VNZ, born in
in England, and he Weimar, July 15, 1797, died in Wiesbaden,
did considerable to Aug. 3, 18GG. Dramatic comjioser, pupil
advance it. His of Eberwein and later of Hiiscr in singing.
most valuable con- He made his dobut at Weimar in 1814 un-
"
tribution was his " Art of Playing the Violin der Goethe's direction was director of the ;
(Loudon, 1740), the first book of the kind theatre in IMagdeburg in 1828 and from ;
ever published in England, it being six years 1829 had an engagement for life at the
eai-lier than Leopold Mozart's " Violin Weimar Court Theatre, being pensioned in
School." It has the merit of handing down 18G0. He was also opera manager in Wei-
to posterity the principles of the art of plaj'- mar in 1833-51. Wôrks Die Sonnenmiin- :
ing the violin as they were finally established ner, and Die Verriither in den Alpen,
by Corelli. His rules for holding the vio- operas, performed in Weimar Music to ;
lin and bow are the same as are recognized Saphir's Die letzte Stunde des Hauses
in our day. Works 12 solos, op. 1 (Lon- Song.s. He published his memoirs, Aus
:
don, 171G) G concertos for seven parts, op. dem Tagebuche eines alien Schauspielers
;
2 (ib., 1732, Paris, 175.5) G concertos, op. (Leipslc, ISGl-GG).— Mendel

; F.'tis. ;
3 (London, Paris, 1775) 12 solos, op. 4 ; GENKE, RICHARD, born in Dantzic,

(London, 1739) G solos for violoncello, op. Feb. 7, 1823, still living, 1889. Dramatic
;
5, arrangements from violin solos G con- composer, pupil of Stahlknecht in Berlin.

;
certos, op. 6 (London, 1741) G concertos In 1848-G7 he was Kapellmeister of theatres

;
for eight parts, op. 7 ; 12 sonatas for violin, in Reval, Riga, Cologne, Aix-la-Chapelle,
op. 11 (London, 1758) ; 12 trios and G trios, Diisseldorf, Dantzic, Mainz, Schwerin, Am-
the latter an arrangement of op. 1 Lessons sterdam, and Prague. Became Kapellmeis-
;
for the harpsichord (London). He pub- ter of the Vienna Theater an dcr Wien in
lished also an arrangement of Corelli's 18G8, and retired in 1878 to his villa at
solos, op. 5, as Concerti grossi (Loudon). Pressbaum, near Vienna. He is the author
—Grove ; Fotis Hart, The Violin, 218 of most of his own librettos, has translated
; ;
Wasielewski, Die Violine, 48 Dubourg, many, and has furnished some to Stmuss,
;
The Violin, 5G. Suppe, and MilUicker. Works -Operas — :
GEMJHNGEN, EBERHARD FRIED- Polyphem, oder ein Abenteuer auf Marti-

RICH, Freiherr VON, pianist, born at Heil- nique, given in Dantzic, 185G Der Geiger ;
bronn, Nov. 5, 172G, died in Stuttgart, .Jan. aus Tirol, 1857 Der Musikfeind, Die Gen-
;
19, 1791. He adopted the judicial profes- eralprobe, Schwerin, 1SG2 Rosita, Mainz, ;
sion, and rose to the dignity of president of 18G4 Der schwarze Prinz, Prague, 18GG
; ;
the government council in Stuttgart, prac- Am Ruuenstein (with Flotow), Prague,

tising music as an amateur, and composing 18G7; Der Seekadett, Vienna, 187G, trans-
pianoforte concertos and sonatas, six sym- lated into several languages Nanon, die ;
phonies, chamber and vocal music, mostly Wirtin vom Goldenen Lamm, Vienna, 1877 ;
remaining iu MS. He was also a poet. Im Wunderlaude der Pyramiden, ib., 1877 ;
OENERALI
Die Ictzton Moliikaiier, 'Munich, 1878 Nisi- ritratto del duca, Venice, 1808 Lo sposo
; ;
ka,Vienna, 1880 Itosiiia, ilj., 1881 Songs

; in contrasto, Vienna, 1808; La moglie di
; ;
Choruses for lualo voices. —

Brockhaus tre mariti, Venice, 1809 Amore vince lo
; ;
Riemann Mendel Futis, Supplement, i. sdegno, Rome, 1809 L' Adelina, La Cec-
; ; ;
372. china, farces, Venice, 1810 ; Chi non risica

OEXEIl.VLI, PIETRO, born at :\Iasse- non rosica, Milan, 1811 ; La vedova deli-
rano, Pictlniont, Oct. 4, 1783, tlicd atNovara, rante, Rome, 1811 ; La sciocea per gli (Jtri e
Nov. 3, Dramatic composer, pupil
1832. r astuta per se, Venice, 1811 ; Gaulo ed
of Giovanni Massi. Ilia real name, Mer- Ojtono, Naples, 1812 ; La vedova stniva-
candetti, had been changed by his father gaute, Milan, 1812 ; L' orbo che ci vede,
on liis bankruptcy and removal to Homo. Bologna, 1812 Isabella, farce, Venice,
;
Ho began to write masses and church mu- 1813 Eginardo e Lisbett.a, Naples, 1813
; ;
sic soon after finishing his studios, and pro- Amor prodotto dall' odio, ^lilan, 1813 Ba- ;
duced his first opera in 1800. In 1801-17 jazetto. La contessa di Colic Erboso, II servo
he visited many Italian cities, producing p.adrone, Turin, 1814 ; L' impostore ossia
operas, meeting with success especially in il marcotondo, Milan, 1815 ; I Baccanali di
Venice, where most of his best works were Roma (his best work), Venice, 1815 ; Li
given. His I baccanali di Roma had great Vestale, Trieste, 1810 ; II trionfo d' Alcs-
success, and was given in many European sandro, Bologna, 181(1 ; Elato. ib., 1817 ;
cities. In 1817-20 he was director of the Rodrigo di Valenza, ^lilan, 1817 II divor- ;
Barcelona theatre and gave there many of zio pcrsiano o il gran Bazzaro di Bassora,
his works but, his popularity waning as
; Trieste, 1829 Francesca da Rimini, Ven-
;
Rossini came into favour, he accepted the ice, 1829. — Piccoli, Elogio di P. Genei-ali
position of maestro di cappella of tlio Ca- (Novara, 1833) ; Fetis, iii. 445 ; do., Suppl.'-
thedral of Novara and devoted himself to nient, i. 372 ; Grove ; ^lendel.
church music. In 1827, howevci', he brought GENET, ELIA/AR (Elziar), surnamed
out an oratorio, II voto di Jeftc in Florence, Carpentras, or il Caqjcntrasso, born at Car-
and followed this with an opera bufTa, II pontras (Vaucluse) in the second h.alf of tho
divorzio pcrsiano, which was not a suc- 15th century. Church composer, and maes-
cess. In 1820, after studying Rossini's style, tro di cappella of tho Pontifical Chapel,
bo gave his opera Francesca da Rimini, which ho entered under Leo X., who be-
written for the opening of the Fenice, but came his patron, and made him bishop in
it was badly received. The precursor of partibus in 1518. He was sent on a mis-
Rossini, he was the first to employ certain sion to Avignon in 1521 (?), and having re-
harmonies and modulations of which Ros- turned to Rome at the end of 1523 or in
sini took advantage, but ho did not possess 1524, we know of his being again at Avi-
tho genius of Ins successor. Works gnon in 1527. Works Liber primus mis- :
Operas: Gli amanti ridicoli, Rome, 1800; sarnm, containing 5 masses (•Vvignon, 1532)
H duca Nottolone, ib., 1802 La villana al Liber Lamentationum Hieremie prophete
;
cimento, farce, ib., 1802 Lo gelosio di (sic) (ib., 1532) Liber Hymnorum usus Ro-
;
;
Giorgio, fai-ce, Bologna, 1802 La Pamela mans ccclesiic (1533); Liber cantiei Mag-
;
nubile, Venice, 1802 La calzolaja, ib., nificat, omnium touorum. The manuscript
;
1803 Misantropia e pentimento, Gli eft'otti of the book of masses is in the Imperisil
;
della Somigliauza, farces, ib., 1805 ; Don Librarv, Vienna. — Fetis ; Schilling.
Chisciotto, Milan, 180.5 Orgoglio ed umi- GENEVlKVE DE BR.VBANT, French
;
liazione, Venice, 1806 L' idolo Cinese, Na- opera-bouft'o in two acts and seven tableaux,
;
ples, 1807 Lo sposo in Bersaglio, Flor- text by Jaime fils and Etienno Tn'feu, mu-
;
ence, 1807 Le lagrimo d' una vedova, II sic by Oflenbach, first represented at tho
;
GEXISCIITA
Theatre <lcs Bouftes Parlsiciis, Paris, Nov. GENST, AUGUSTE DE, born in Brus-
19, 1859. In 1875 it was given at the Tlic- Uving in 1889. Pianist,
sels, June 24, 1801,
atre de la Gaite, in five acts, with text re- pupil of Cazot. His compositions for pi-
vised by Hector Cremieux and Trefeu, and anoforte, numbering about forty, were pub-
with eight new numbers by the composer, lished in Brussels, Holland, and Germany.
mostly written for Mile Thi'n'sa. Afterwards he comiôsed also operas, and
GENISCHTA, IVAN, born in llussia symphonies. Fetis Mendel. — ;
about 1810, still living, 1889. Pianist and GENTILI, GIORGIO, born in Venice
Moscow, where he be- about IGGS, died (?). VioHnist, first violin
violoncellist, lived at
came director of a singing society in 1837. of the ducal chapel of Venice. Works So- :
His stj'le was formed under the influence natas and concertos for violin (Venice, 1701-
of Beethoven's music. "Works 3 grand so- 08).— Fetis Mendel Gerber, ii. 289 Schil-
: ; ; ;
natas for pianoforte and violoncello, or vio- ling, iii. 194.

lin, op. G, 7, 9 Grand sonata for piano-
;
GENTILI, RAFFAELE, born in Rome
forte, op. 12 ; about 1837, died there, Aug. 7, 18G7.
3 nocturnes for violoncello,
with violin, op. Sonata for pianoforte Dramatic composer. His operas, Stefania,
10 ;
and violoncello, op. 13 Fantasia for piano- given in Rome, 1800, Werther, ib., 1802,
;
forte, op. 14. —

Fetis. Rosamonda, ib. 1807, gave signs of great ,
GENOVES (Geuues), TOMM.iSO, born promise, cut short by his early death. He
at Seville in the first years of the 19th cen- left also pianoforte music and songs. Fe- —
tury. Dramatic comiJoser went to Italy tis, Supplement, i. 372 Mendel, Ergauz.,
; ;
in 1834, and lived in Bologna, Rome, and 121.

Naples. —
Works Oiêras La rosa bianca GENTLE AIRS, tenor air in A major
:
6 la rosa rossa, given in Madrid, 1831 with violoncello obligato, of Mathan, in

;
Zelma, Bologna, 1835 La battaglia di Le- Handel's Athalia, Part I.

;
pante, Rome, 1830 Bianca di Belmonte,

; GEPRIESEN SEI DIE STUNDE. See
Venice, 1838 Iginia d' Asti, Naples, 1840
; Taiwhduser. ;
Luisa della Valliere, Milan, 1845 Le sere GERBER, ERNST LUDWIG, born in
;
d'autunuo al Monte Pincio, collection of ro- Sonder shall sen,

mances {!Milan, Ricordi). — Fetis ; Mendel Sept. 29, 1740, died
GENOVEVA, German opera in four acts, there, June 30,
text by Robert Reinick, music by Schu- 1819. Composer,
mann, represented at the theatre of Leipsie, son and pupil of
June 25, 1850. The libretto, founded on Heini-ich Nicolaus
the legend of St. Genevieve, follows paitlj Gerber, under
the two versions of the storj' in the trage- whom he studied
dies of Tieck and Hebbel, though princi- the pianoforte, or-
jially the latter. Schumann, dissatisfied w ith gan, and violon-
Reinick's work, changed it materially to suit cello. He entered
his own ideas. The music, begun in 1847, Leipsie University
was finished in August, 1848, but its pro- in 1705,but soon gave up law for music re- ;
duction was delayed. Its reception was turned to Soudershausen to assist his father,
honourable but not enthusiastic, and it was and succeeded him as court organist in 1775.
withdrawn after three representations. The He was also chamber musician, and from
overture, one of Schumann's master2iieces, 1795 a court secretary. He visited Weimar
is a standard work in the concert repertory in 1772 and 1770, Leipsie in 1780, Cassel in
all over Europe and America. Grove, iii. — 1780, and other German cities in 1793 and
399 Hauslick, Moderne Oper, 25G.
; 1797. His collection of portraits of musi-
GEREER
cians leil him to tliiiik of writing biogra- berg, he was brouglit up in tliat town un-
phies to accompany thorn. This resulted in til 1857, when he was sent to school in
his "Historisch-biographischfcs Lexicon der Gratz. lu 18G2 be
Tonkiinstler " (2 vols., Leipsic, 17'JO-'J2). entered the Vienna
Receiving corrections and further infornia- Couscrvatoriuni,
tiou ho prepared a ucw edition, " Neues where he studied com-
liistorisch-biographisches Lexikoii der Tou- position three years
kUnstler" (i vols., Leipsic, 1812-14), which under Dessoff; many
does not supersede the older work, since it of his works date from
constantly refers to it. Considering that this period. In Oc-
lie lived in a small city without a public tober, 18G5, he be-
library,and that few had preceded him in came Kapellmeister of
the same lield, his Lexicons are remarkably tho theatre at Linz
complete, and give evidence of wonderful in 1874, Kapellmeister at the Vienna Hof-
industry. They have been extensively used Hans Richter and in
oper, conjointly with ;
by all subsequent investigators. He wrote 1880 succeeded Brahms as conductor of the

also for several musical j)apers. The Vi- Gesellscliaftsconzerte, the principal concerts
enna Gesellschuft der Musikfreuude bought in Vienna for the performance of large cho-
ral works. He conducted also the Singve-
rein, a branch society of the Gesellschaft
der Musikfreuude. In 1884 he threw up
bis books and music. Works Pianoforte his positions in Vienna to accept tho post of
:
sonatas Choral preludes for organ, and conductor of the Boston Symphony Orches-
;
other instrumental pieces. —

Gerber Schil- tra in Boston, Mass., which he has held ever
;
ling Allgem. d. IJiogr.

; ]\Iendel Grove since. After leaving the Conservatorium,
; ; ;
lliemann Rochlitz, Fiir Freuude der Ton- during his three years at which he com-
;
kunst, ii. 35. posed almost incessantly, his duties as Ka-

GERBEK, HEINRICH NICOL.\US, born pellmeister left him but little leisure for
at Wenigen-Elirich, near Soudershausen, composition. His works have been given
Sept. (!, 1702, (lied at Soudershausen, Aug. principally in Linz, Vienna, and Boston, ex-
C, 1775. Organist, pupil of Johann Sebas- cept some male choruses, which have made
tian Bach, became organist at Heringen in the round of almost all the singing societies
1728, and court organist at Sondershausen in Germany. He is especially distinguished
in 1731 was appointed secretary to the as an orchestral and choral conductor, and
;
court there in 17-t!), without, however, re- a remarkable score reader it is chielly ow- ;
signing his musical functions. Ho occu- ing to his drilling that the Boston orchestra
pied himself also with improvements in the owes its present high position among the
mechanism of the organ, and constructed great orchestras of the world. Shortly be-
a Strohliedel (Xylophone) with keyboard. fore leaving Vienna, in 1884, he was made
His compositions, consisting of concertos, honorary member of the Gesellschaft der
chorals, fugues, preludes, sonatas, and trios Musikfreuude, a distinction very seldom
for the organ, and concertos, men nets, mur- confened. Works in MS.: 2 sonatas for
kys, suites, and trios for pianoforte, remain pianoforte 2 sonatas for violin and piano-
;
in MS.— Fctis Mendel Schilling.

; ; forte Trio for pianoforte, violin, and vio-
;
GERECHTER GOTT. See llirnzi. Septet

loncello Requi-
; String-quartet ; ;
GERICIvE, AVILHELM, born in Gratz, em

about 100 Licder
; Little Siugspiel ;
Styria, April IS, 1845, still living, in Boston, and many choruses (all written between
1889. The sou of a merchant in Schwau- 18G2 and 18(55) Concert overture (tirst ;
GEKKE
given in Vienna, ami later twice iu Boston, GERL (Gorl), FR.iNZ, dramatic com-
in 1885-8G and 1S87-S8, under the pseudo- 2)0ser, close of ISth century. He was an
nym Wenzel Eeker) Sonata for piano- actor at the Schikaneder Theater, Vienna,
of ;
forte Quintet for jnanoforte and strings before 1794, and after that time at the Na-
; ;
1 movement of a sonata for violin and pia- tional Theatre in Briiun. Works Oj)eret- —
noforte ScliiJn Hanucben, operetta, Linz, tas Die Wiener Zeituug, given at Briinn,
; :
between 1865 and 1874, and 1790; Das Schlarafteuland, Vienna, 1790;
also iu Pesth ;
Huldigungsclior, given at a serenade to the Die dummen Giirtuer, ib., 1794 Der Graf ;
newly married Crown Prince and Princess Balbaroue, Briinn, 179G Der Stein der ;
in the sjjring of 1881, and in Boston, Jan. Weisen, Vienna, 1797. Mendel, iv. 195 — ;
IG, 188U Additional accompaniments to do., Ergiiuz., 121 Fetis

; Schilling Ger- ; ; ;
Handel's Judas Maocabieus, and to an An- ber.

them 3 sonata movements by Bach scored
; GERLE, HANS two musicians of this ;
for orchestra 3 movements of a suite for name lived iu Nuremberg iu the IGth cen-
;
orchestra, Boston. Published works Deut- tury, and are distinguished as the elder aiul
:
sche Tiinze, Vienna, Boseudorfer Weuu dir the younger. They were both makers and
;
Gott eiu Lieb' geschenkt, chorus with tenor players of lutes and violins, but only the
and baritone solos, ib. 4 Lieder, ib.; 4 elder one composed works that are of
;
Clavierstiicke f iir die Jugend, for 4 hands, historical value. Works Lautenpartien :
Vienna, Schmidt 4 Lieder, ib.

; 2 male (1530) Musica Teusch, auf die Instrument
; ;
choruses, Wach auf, du schone Triiumerin, der grossen unnd kleineu Geygeu, audi
and, O Welt, du bist so wunderschon, ib.; Lautteu (Nuremberg, 1532) a second edi- ;
3 mixed choruses. So weit, Muutrer Bach, tion of same, as Musica und Tabulatur (ib.,
and Herbst am Rhein, ib. 3 male choruses, 154C) Eyu Newes sehr Kiinstlichs Lauten-
; ;
Marie von Oberland, Herbst im Meere, and buch (ib., 1552). Allgem. d. Biogr., is. 23 ; —
Wenn der Friihling auf die Berge steigt, Gerber; Allgem. mus. Zeitung, xviii. 309,
Vienna, Buchholz 2 Lieder, Bitte, and 325
; Monatsheft fiir Musik-Geschichte, iii. ;
Mcine Boteu, New York, Sohirmer. 211 iv. 38 vii.,Beilage, 100 Fetis Schil- ; ; ; ;
GERKE, AUGUST, born iu Poland about ling.

1790, died after 1848. Violinist, Kapell- GERLI, GIUSEPPE, born iu Italy iu
meister to Count Hauski ; travelled with his 1812, died at Milan in May, 1885. Dra-
four precocious musical children in 1824 ; matic composer and basso ; made his ap-
was attached to the ducal court of Dessau, pearance on provincial stages in Italy, 1832,
then returned to Russia in 1835 was music ; attemjated to establish Italian ojêra in
director iu Cassel, and in 1848 occupied a proceeded to Algiers, 1839, but, failing,
similar position iu Dctmold. Works Over- Spain, where he sang at Pamjêluna and :
tures Polonaises Chamber and pianoforte

; ; Bilbao iu 1841, at Cadiz and Sautander,
—
music. Fetis Mendel Schilling. ; 1842, and at Saragossa iu 1845.
; In the
GERKE, OTTO, born in Liineburg, July year following he was orchestra conduc-
13, 1807, died at Paderborn, June 28, 1878. tor of the Italian theatre iu Berlin. Works
Violinist, pupil of his father and iu Cas- Operas II piocco, opera buffa, I gal- — :
sel of Sjjohr and Hauptmann. He made antuomini falsi, do., given in Milan,
concert tours, and from 1837 lived nine 1834 II .sogno punitore, Algier.s, 1839, Mi- ;
yeai-s iu Russia. In 1847 he settled iu lan, 1844 Pelagio, Algiers, 1840, Barcelona, ;
Paderborn as a teacher. Works Concer- 1845.—Fetis. :
tos, quartets, etc., in all about forty works, GERNE WTLL ICH MICH BEQUE-
for violin ; Pianoforte music. —Mendel MEN, aria in G minor for the bass of Coro
Fetis. n, with accompaniment of violin and con-
(iEli.NSIlEJM
tinuo, in Joliaiin Scl)a.stian Bach's Pasgion chestra

Quintet for pianoforte and strings,
;
I
nacli Miittliiiiis, Part I. op. 35

3 quartets for do., op. 20 and 47
;
;
GEltNSHKIM, FRIEDRICH, born at 2 trios for do., op. 28 and 37 Quintet for ;
Worms, July 17, strings, op. 9 3 quartets for do., op. 25, 31,
;
1839, still living,

[
and 51 ; 2 sonatas for pianoforte and violin,
1889. Pianist, first op. 4 and 50 Sonata for pianoforte and
;
instructeil by Musik- violoncello, Mendel 3Ius. AVochen-

oj). 12. — ;
director Licbe, then blatt, i. 388, G78 iii. 227 is. CG xiv. 470 ; ; ; ;
at JIainz pupil of N. Zeitschr. f. Mus. (18C8), 211; (18G9),

Pauer, at Frankfort 110 Mgem. mus. Zeitg. (18C5), 34, 110,
;
of lloscnliaiii and 339, 343.

HaufV, at the Conser- I
GERO, GIOY.VNNI DE, known as Maistre
vatorium, Leipsic, of Jhan, Italian vocal composer, maestro di
Jloschtles, Hanpt- cappella of the cathedral at Orvieto during
luaun, Rietz, and Itii'htcr finally studied in ; the first half of the 10th century. He was
Paris (1855), where he began also to teach, long erroneously identified with Jacobus
and was esteemed as a pianist. In 18GI he Gallus. Works: Symphonia (juatuor modu-
became director of music at Saarbriicken, lata vocibus (Venice, 1543) ; Madrigali a
in 18G5 instiiictor at the Couservatoriuui tre voci, 2 books (ib., 1541, 1555) ; Madri-
of Cologne, where he conducted three mu- due
gali italiani e canzoni alia francese, a
sical societies, and in 1873 the opera or- voci, 2books (Orvieto, 1544, Venice, 1552,
chestra in 1872 he was made professor by
; 1572, 1582) ilauy detached pieces in va-
;
the Duke of Gotha, and in 1874 director of rious collections of the time, as in Jlotetti
the Couservatorium at Rotterdam. "Works della Simla (FciTara, 1539), Selectissimni
:
Wiichterlied aus der Neujahrsnacht dcs nee uou familiarissimio cautioues ultra cen-
Jahres 1200, for male chorus and orchestra, tum (Augsburg, 1540) Cantiones septem, ;
op. 7 Sitlainia, Siegesges;ing der Gricchen,

; sex et quinque vocum (ib., 1545) Concentus ;
for do., op. 10 Ri'imischc Leichenfeier, for octo, sex, quinque et quatunr vocum omnium
;
do., op. 1 Germania, Eiu deutscher Sicgcs- jucundissinii (ib., 1545), Jacques Modeme'a
;
gesaug, for do., op. 2-1 Das Grab ini Bu- fourth Livre do motets (Lyons, 1539). Fe-
; —
seuto, for do., op. 52 Odin.i Mceresritt, for tis
; ilendel Ricmann. ; ;
baritone solo, male chorus, and orchestra, born at Sack- GERSBACH, ANTON,
po. 48 ; Nordi'trhr Sommernacht, Baden, Feb. 21, 1803, died iu
for mixed iugen,
chorus, soli, and orchestra, op. 21 Agrip- Carlsruhe, Aug. 17, 1848. Pupil of his
;
pina, scene for contralto or mezzo-soijrano, brother, Joseph Gersbach, also studied at
chorus, and orchestra, op. 45 Salve Regina Niigelis Institute, Zurich.
; After a short
for soprano solo and female chorus, op. 11 time spent in Nuremberg and Halle he
4 Gcsiinge for male chorus, op. 40 Zwei taught the pianoforte in Zcirich, and in ;
Lieder, for do., op. 41 Kriegslied, for do. 1831 succeeded his brother in the seminary
;
Lied der Stiidte, for do., op. 43 Festgruss, at Carlsruhe, where he taught singing, the
;
for do., op. 49 Auf der Wacht, for do., Der organ, and harmony. He composed songs
;
Liebesl)ote, for mixed chorus ; Waldmeis- and pianoforte music. Works 12 varia- :
ter's Urautfahrt, overture for full orchestra, tions for pianoforte 30 studies for do. G ; ;
op. 13 ; 2 symphonies for do., op. 32, 4G 29 two-part sougs (1839) ;

four-part songs ;
Concerto for pianoforte, with orchestra, op. 25 children's songs for one and two voices ;
IC Fantasiestiick, for violin with orchestni, 12 motets for male chorus; Songs. Men-
;
—
op. 33 do. for violin, op. 42
; Elolie nu, del Fetis Riemixuu Ûlgem. d. Biogr.,
; ; ; ;
Hebrew souir for violoncello with small or- ix. 44.

CJERSBACll
GERSBACH, JOSEPH, born at Siick- GESIUS (Gese, Gr.ss), B.mXHOLO-

iiigen,Dec. 22, 1787, ilietl in Cai-lsrulie, Dec. MAUS, born in jMiincheberg, near Frank-
8, 1830. He studied at tlic gymuasium at fort-on-the-Oder, about 1555, died in Frank-
Villiugen iu tlie Black Forest in 1800-5, fort-ou-the-Oder about 1G13. He lived in
then at tlie university iu Freiburg. He Wittenberg, then settled iu Frankfort-on-
taught music in Switzerland in 1808-lG, the-Oder, where he was chorister in 1595.
tlieu in Wiirzburg, Yffertcu, Rastatt, and Works : Passion nach Johannes (Witten-
Nuremberg. Iu 1823 be received a posi- berg, 1588) ; Teutsche geistliche Lieder
tion at the seminary in Carlsrube, where he (1594) ; Hymni5 vocum (1.595) ; Melodiie 5
remained Works Chorals
until bis death. : vocum (1598) Psalmodia Choralis (IGOO)
; ;
iu four parts (182(!) Waudervogleiu, col-

;
Teutsche Lieder Dr. Lutlieri und auderer
lection of four-part songs (1859, 4th ed.) ;
frommer Christen (IGOl, 1G07, IGOS, IGIG) ;
Singvuglein, 30 two-part songs for young Hymni patrum cum cantu (1G03) Synopsis ;
people (1839, 3d ed.) Singschule (1829)

;
;
Musicc-c praeticm (1G09, 1G15, 1G18) ; Christ-
Part-songs for mixed and male chorus liche Musiea (1605) ; Christliche Choral-
(1839).— Allgem. d. Biogr., ix. iS Mendel; ; und Figuralgesilnge (IGll) O^nis i)rimum ;
Fetis ; Schilbng. et secundum cautiouum ecclesiasticarum

GERVAIS, CHARLES HUBERT, born (1G13) ; Cantioncs nnptiales (1G14) ; Motet-
in Paris, Feb. 19, 1G71, died there, Jan. tiv Latiuo-Germanicic (1015) Fasciculus ;
15, 1744. Dramatic comijoser. MS. motets etlicher deutscher uud lateinischer Motetteu
by him are in the National Library, Paris. auf Hochzeiten imd Ehrentage (IGlG) Mis- ;
Four of his operas are mentioned by Futis, sffi 5, G et plurium vocum (1G21) Vierstim- ;
cue of which, Hyjêrmnestre, was jjartly miges Handbiichlein (1G21) Teutsche und ;
written by the Regent (171(;). —

Fetis La- lateinische Hochzeitsgesilnge (1G24).
; All- —
rousse Hawkins, Hist., v. 381 Mendel.
; ; gem, d. Biogr., ix. 93 Fetis Riemanu ; ; ;
GERVAIS, PIERRE NOEL, born, of Wiuterfeld, Der evang. Kirchengesang, i.

French parents, iu JMaimheim, Germany, 359.
about 1740, died in Bordeaux about 1805. GESTEAVITZ, FRIEDRICH CHRIS-
Violinist, jjupil of Ignaz Friinzl. He played TOPH, born at Pricschka, near Meissen,
at the Concerts Spirituels, Paris, in 1785, and Nov. 8, 1753, died in Dresden, Aug. 1,
was first violinist at the Bordeaux theatre 180.5. He studied in Leipsie, iu 1770, un-
from 1791. His violin concertos were pub- der his brother-in-law, J. A. Hiller was ;
lished in Paris. —
Futis Mendel "Wasielew- music director of Boudini's German theatre
; ;
ski. Die Viohne, 2G9. in 1784, and in 1790 dii'ector of the royal
GERVASI, LUIGI, Neapolitan composer, Italian opera iu Dresdeu. Works Die :
pupil at the Naples Conservatorio. Made Liebe ist siuureich, operetta in one act,
his debut as composer with I promessi Leipsie, 1781 ; L' orfauella americana, oper-
sposi, Rome, Teatro Valle, 1834. In 1841 etta, Dresdeu, 1790 Chui-ch mu.sic ; Pi- ;
be was iu Odessa, director of music at the anoforte music. —

Allgem. d. Biogr., ix. 128
Italian opera, where he brought out H casino Mendel ; Fetis.
di campagna. —
Fetis Mendel.; GESUALDO, CARLO, Principe di Ve-
GESANGE DER FRUHE (Morning uosa, born about the middle of the IGth cen-
Songs), 5 pieces for the pianoforte, by Rob- tury. Amateur composer of madrigals, pu-
ert Schumann, oj). 133, composed iu 1853 ;
pil of Pomponio Nenua. He was a finished
dedicated to the poetess Bettiua. Published l^layer on the lute and several other instru-
by F. W. Arnold (Elberfeld, 1855). ments, and entertained several composers,
GESCHOPFE DES PROJIETHECS, .singers, and instrumentalists at his court.
DIE. See Uomiitl di Prometeo, Gh. He was one of the first to attempt chromat-
OEVAEIiT
ic writing. His books of madri- Quentin Durward, Opera Comique, ib.,
first five
gals were printed in separate parts (Genoa, 1858 Le diable au moulin, ib., 185!) ;
;
1585). Simone ^Molinara, maestro of the ca- Chateau-Trompette, ib., 1800 La poularde ;
thedral of that city, published a complete de Caux, ib., 1801 Les deux amours, the- ;
edition of them with the title " I'artitura atre of Baden-Baden, 1801
:
Le ciii>itaine ;
delli sei libri de' madrigali a cinque vnci Henriot, Opera Comi(pie, Paris, 1804 Per- ;
deir Illustrissimo et Eccellentissiino Prin- tinax, 1884. Le depart, cantata for three
cipe di Vcnosa, Carlo Gesualdo " (Genoa, voices
I). Jenisalem, for double chorus with-
;
1G13).— F.'tis ; Ambros, iv. 230. out accompaniment Chants lyriciues de ;
GEVAKUT, FIlANrOIS AUGUSTE, Saiil ; Le Lion Flamand Jwqucg Van Arte- ;
boni at Huysse, near Audenarde, July 'M, veldc, cantata (1803) Ik Speck van zoo zel- ;
1828. Dramatic composer, pupil in 1841 den Many Licder in the collection Neder-
;
at the Ghent Conservatoire, where he stud- lansche zangstukken (Ghent) Flaudre au ;
ied the pianoforte under Somnicre, winning Lion, overture ; Transcriptions classiques
the first prize in 184;?, and harmony under
Jlengal. He became organist of the Jesuit
church, and in 184(3 a Christmas cantata by "^C^t^^^:>te«^
him was performed in (ihent. In 1847 be
took the prize given Ijy the Socic'te des pour petit orcliestre, for the use of the Con-
Beaux-Arts for his cantata, Belgie, and the servatoire Vade-mecum des organistes, ;
grand prix at the Brussels Concours, and in and many other minor works. Clement, —
the same year his psalm. Super llumina ;Mus. 055 Fetis, iii. 470
celebres, do., ; ;
Babylonis, was played at the Zangverbond. Supplement, i. 375 Larousse Kicmann. ; ;
After producing two operas with moderate GEYElt, FLODOAKl), born in Berlin,
success, he went in 1840 to Paris, and then March 1, 1811, died there, April 30, 1872.
to Sixain, where his fantaisie, Sobro motives After studying theology he became the
espanoles, won him the Order of Isabella la pupil of A. B. Marx
in composition, and in
Catolica. After a visit to Italy he returned 1842 founded the academic ^liinnergesang-
to Ghent in 1852, and in the following years verein and conducted it was also one of the ;
brought out, principally in I'aris, several suc- founders of the Berlin Tonkilnstlerverein.
cessful operas, which won him popular favour He taught theory in the KuUak-Stern Con-
in France as well as at home. In 1857 he servatorium in 1851-54, and remained with
received the Order of Leopold for his can- Stern after Kullak's departure until 18G(i.
tata, De nationalc verjaerdag, for the 25th In 1850 he received the title of professor.
anniversary of the reign of Leopold. In Ho composed operas, symphonies, songs,
18G7 lie became chcf-de-chant and chamljcr nnisie. and was connected
at the Aca-
demic de which he with the Neue Berliner Musikzeitung ami
JIusi(jue, Paris, a post
held until the Opera was closed V)y the War the Spener'sche Zeitung for a quarter of a
of 1870. In 1871 he succeeded Fetis at the century. Mendel Fetis, iii. 472 Supple- — ; ;
Brussels Conservatoire. He was elected in ment, i. 370 Riemann. ;
1873 a member of the Academic des Beaux- tiHEBAUT, GIUSEPPE, bora in Pied- '
Arts in the place of Jlercadante. Works mont, Nov. 20, 1700. died in Milan, Jan. 22,
— Operas Hugues de Somergbem, given
: in ,
1870. Violinist, pupil of Badicjiti ; he en-
Ghent, March 23, 1848 La conu'dic de ; tered the royal chapel in Turin in 1814, and
la
|
ville, il)., 1848 Georgette, ou le moulin de become solo violinist in 1824.

;
From 1817
Fonteuoy, Theatre Lyrique, Paris, Nov. 27, he directed the concerts of the Philharmon-
\
1852; Le billet de Marguerite, ib., 1854 ;

ic .\cademy. in 1832 was conductor of the
Les lavandieres de Hautarcni, ib., 1855 ;
theatre orchestra, and iu 1840 of the royal
GHERARDESCIIT
chapel and cliaiiiber music. Works Violin his native city, where he succeeded his :
concertos, quartets, and quintets CLurcb father as maestro di capjiclla at the cathe- ;
music. — Mendel, Ergiiuz., 122 Eutis, Sup- dral.

; Besides a cantata, Cristoforo Colom-
plement, i. 37G ; Wasielewski, Die Violine, bo, performed at the Academy of Pistoja,
107. he has composed a great number of masses,
GHERAllDESCHI (Gheradesca), FILIP- psalms, hynuis, and motets, partly a cap-
PO, born pella, partly with organ or orchestra.
at Pistoja in 1738, died at Pisa Fe- —
in 1808. Dramatic composer and organist, tis, Sujiplement, i. 376 Mendel, Ergiinz., ;
pupil of Bosamelli, and subsequently of 122.

Padre Martini in Bologna. His first opera GHERARDI, BLASIO, Italian composer,
bufi'a was given in Lucca in 1763 one pro- maestro di cappella of the Cathedral of Ve-
;
duced at Pisa, in 17C9, on the occasion of rona about the middle of the 17th century.
the visit of Leopold, Grand Duke of Tus- Works Motets for 3, 4, 5, 6, and 8 voices :
cany, won him his nomination of maestro (Venice, 1650).— Fetis Mendel Gerber. ; ;
di cappella to the conventual chajiel of the GHERSEM, GAUGERIC (Gery) DE,

Knights of and the position of director born
Pisa, Tournay about 1570, died there, in
of the court music and teacher of the pi- ]\Iay 25, 1630. At first a chorister in the
anoforte to the ducal family. When Leo- Cathedral of Tournay, he was a pupil of
pold became Emperor, Gherardesehi re- Georges de la Hole, who kejst him in his
mained at the ducal court of Ferdinand choir when he became maestro de capilla
III., and later became maestro to Louis I. to Philip II. of Spain. Ghersem succeeded
de Bourbon, King of Etruria, for whose his master in this position, but returned
funeral ceremony he wrote a Requiem mass, to Brussels in 1604 to become maestro to
considered one of his best works (1803). the Governor of the Netherlands. In 1608
—
Works Operas Amor artigiano, opei-a he was made canon of Sainte-Gudule and in
:
buffa, Lucca, 1763 1614 of the Cathedral of Tournay.

; II curioso indiscreto, His
ib., 1764 ; I visionari, ib., masses, motets, and vilhancicos, published
1765 ; La Con-
tessina, ib., 1766 L' astuzia felice, ib., in Spain, were much esteemed, as he was a
;
1767; I due Gobbi, Pi.sa, 1769.— Fetis fine contrapuntist. Van der Straeten, ii. 1 — ;
Mendel Schilling.
; V. 130 Fetis Mendel, iv. 236 Ergiinz., ; ; ;
GHERARDESCHI, GIUSEPPE, born in 122 Gerber Schilling. ; ;
Pistoja, Nov. 4, 1750, died there in 1815. GHEZZI, IPPOLITO, composer of mo-
Organist, nephew of FiliiJiJO Gherardesehi, tets, oratorios, etc., living in last years of
pupil of his father, who was maestro di cap- the 17th and early part of the 18th centu-
pella of the cathedral at Pistoja, and of ries. He was maestro di cappella of the
Sala in Naples he succeeded his fathei-.
; Cathedral of IMontepulciano. His music
He wrote much church music, which re- was published in Florence and Bologna, in
mained in mantiscript. An opera L' apjja- 1600-1708. As a theorist he is known by
renza inganna, was given at Mantua, 1782, "II setticlave canoro" (Bologna, 1700).
and at Florence, 1784. Fetis do., Sup- — ; —Fetis; Mendel.
l^lement, i. 376 Mendel do., Ergilnz., 122.
; ; GHINASSI, STEFANO, born in Brescia
GHERARDESCHI, LUIGI, born at Pis- in 1731, died (?). Dramatic composer, pu-
toja, July 5, 1701, died there, March 21, pil of Andrea Labella. He was accompa-
1871. Church composer, son and pupil of nist at the Teatro San Samuele, Venice,
Giuseppe Gherardesehi, then at the acade- and in 1784-90 was director of the Italian
my of Florence pupil of Disma TJgolini in Opera, Dresden. He was later accompanist
counterpoint and composition, for which in Warsaw. Works— Operas H governa- :
he carried off the first prize ; returned to tore dell" isole Cauarie, Dresden, 1785 : II
fnilKKTTI
seraglio d' Osmanno, ib., 1787 Lo

Concerto pour violon et or-
; strava- piano, op. 37 ;
gaiitc Iii^'lcse, ib., 17'J0.— Fc'tis Mendel

Romances pour
;
;
chestre, op. 40 (Mayence) ;
Gerber Schilling.
; voix avec accompagnement de piano. Fe- —
GHIPtiyrTI, GASPARO, born in Naples tis; Biog. iiat. Belg., vii. 740; Wasielewski,
in 1747, died in Parma in 1827. Violinist, Die Violine. 380.
pupil at the Con.scrvatorio della Pieta ; be- GIACCHK .MORHl NON POSSO, con-
came ehanibor musician to the Duke of tralto ai-ia of Zenobia, in C minor, with ac-
Parma. Works Several books of sonatas, companiment of violins in unison, viola, and
:
and caprices for the violin 2 masses, lit- bass, in Handel's EadamlMo, Act II. Pub-
;
anies, and a Stabat Mater for 3 voices. All lished, with additional accompaniment.s, by
in MS.— Fi'tis Mendel. ; Robert Franz, Leipsic, Kistner.
GHISELIN (Ghiselain, Ghisoling, Ghise- GIACOBBI, GIHOLAMO, born in Bo-
linus), JEAN, Belgian composer of the loth logna about 1575, died there, Nov. 30,
and Notliiiig is known of 1030.
KJtli centuries. Dramatic composer, one of the
his history, but surmised to have been founders of the Bolognese school. He
lie is was
a native of the province of Hainaut. He maestro di ca])pella of S. I'etronio, Bo-
left five masses, to be found in Peti'ucci's logna, and founder of the Accademia dei
Missic Diversorum (Venice, l.'jOO), as many Filomusi, which met at his house. His
four-part motets, in the 4th book of Motetti opera Andromeda, 1010, was one of the
dellaCorona LÔ.j), and a
( five-partsong in first, if not the first, given in Bologiia. His
Glarean's Dodecachordon. — Fetis Biog. masses and motets, which were in I'adre
;
Bat. Bclg., iii. 7150. Martini's collection of JIS., now belong to

GHIZZOLO (Ghizzola), GIOVANNI, the Convent of S. Francesco, Bologna. — Fe-
born second half of the IGtIi cen- tis ^[cndcl Ambros, iv. 21)4.
in Brescia, ; ;
tury, died A
Franciscan monk, he was
(?). GIACOMF.LLI, GJOMINLVNO, born at
maestro di cajipella to Cardinal Aldobran- Parma in 1080, died at Naples, Jan. 10, 1743.
diiii at the Cathedral of Ravenna, and snb- Dramatic composer, pupil of Capelli he ;
sccjuently in Milan and in Venice. Works wrote his first opera when only eighteen :
2 books of madrigals (Venice, 1G08-10) 4 years old. The Duke of Parma became his ;
books of motets, canzonets, etc. (KJOf)) patron, and sent him to finish his studies in
Masses and concertos (KUl) Psalms (1G18); Naples luider Scarlatti. After composing
;
Masses, psalms, litanies (KHO) ; do. (1024). operas for the principal theatres of Italy,
— Fi'tis ; Mendel ; Riemanti. he went to Vienna as chamber musician to
GHYS, JOSl'^PH, born in Ghent in 1801, Charles VI., returning in 1731 to Naples.
died in St. Petersburg, Aug. 22, 1848. Works Operas: Ipormestra, given at Par- —
Violinist, was professor ma, Teatro Farnese, 1704 Catone in Utica,
pupil of Lafont ; ;
of mu.sic at Amiens, and then at Nantes, for L'Arrenionc, Vienna, about 1720 Epami- ;
several years. He was a most excellent nondas, Naples, 1731 Lucio Papirio, Ve- ;
performer, and from 18;?2 to 18;!o travelled, rona, 1734 Jlcrope, Venice, 1734 Cosaro ; ;
and gave concerts with Servais the violon- in Egitto (his best work), Turin, 1735 ; Ar-
cellist, with whom he went to England, and sace, ib., 1730. — Fetis ; Mendel ; Rieniann ;
from 1837 to 1848 travelled through Ger- Schilling.

many and the north of Europe. Works GI.V^fBERTI, GIUSEPPE, bom in Rome,
L'orage, graude etude pour violon seul, second half of the IGth century, died there
op. 5 (Berlin) Sixicme air varie Mouvc-
; ; in 1030. Church composer, juipil of Na-
ment perpetuel, caprice do concert, violon nini and of .\gostiui ; maestro.di cappella of
et quatuor, op. 3(5 Triste pcnsi'e, melodie; ;
the Cathedral of Onieto and subse<incntly
Peusee fixe, grand agitato pour violon et assistant maesti-o, and in 102!) full maestro,
(JIANELLA
of S. M. Maggiore, Rome. He is best GL\NNI DI CALAIS (Jean de Calais),
known for bis corrections of the Roman opera buffa, test by Gilardoni, music by
Antipboual service i)ublislied in Rome Donizetti, first represented in Naples, 1828,
twenty j'ears after bis death. — Fc'tis ; Men- and in Paris, at the Theatre Italien, Dec.
del ; SchilHug. 17, 1833. An ojêra of the same title, mu-
GIANELLA, LUIGI, by Giacomo Panizza, was given at Trieste,
Italian flutist, who sic
went to Paris about 1800 died there in 1834 and another, music by Giovanni Pa-
; ;
1817. Was first flute at the Opera Bouffe, cini, at Naples, 1838.
then established at the Theatre de la rue de GIANNI DI PARIGI (.lean de Paris), Ital-
la Victoire. Works: L'argent fait tout, ian opera, text by Romani, music by Doni-
ballet, La Scala, Milan, 1790 L'officier co- zetti, reiJresented in Milan, Sept, 10, 1839.
;
saque, opera (with Dumonchau), given at The libretto is an adaptation of Jean de

the Theatre de la Porte Saint-Martin, 180-5 Paris by Saint-Just and Boieldieu (1812). ;
Acis et Galatee, ballet, Opera, 180G Three Romani's version bad been previously set ;
concertos for flute and orchestra Quintets, to music by Morlaechi, Milan, May 30, 1818,
;
trios, duos, nocturnes, for flute and other and by Giovanni Antonio Speranza, Naples,
instruments Romances, with pianoforte. August, 1836.
;
— Fetis do., Supplement, i. 377

; Mendel GIANNINA E BERNADONE, Italian ;
Schilling. opera in two acts, music by Cimarosa, rep-

GIANETTINI (Zauettini), ANTONIO, resented in Venice, 1781, in Vienna, 1784,
born in Venice in 1G49, died at Modena, in Naples. 1788 and in Paris, July 18, 1801.
August, 1721. Dramatic comjjoser, became GLANNINI, GIOVACCHINO, born at
maestro di cappella to the court of Modena Lucca, March 20, 1817, died in Bi'azil in
in 1686. He was called to Hamburg to 1861. and organist, jiupil of Do-
Pianist
bring out some of bis operas in 1693. menico Fanucchi and Marco Santucci.
Works — Operas : Medea in Atene, Venice, Went to Brazil in 1843 or 1844. Works
1676 ; 1678 Irene e Costan-
Aurora, ib., ; Two cantatas for several voices and instru-
tino, ib., 1681 Ermione, Hamburg, 1695
; ;
ments Several jiieces of church music, for
;
I presagi di Melissa, Modena, 1709 L'iu- ; two, three, and four voices, a cappella,
gresso alia gioventfi di Nerone. Oratorios : 1840-43 Jlusic to Manzoni's cantata, II
;
La creazione de' magistrati di Mose Amore ; —

quinto di Maggio. Fetis, Supplement, i.
alia Catena ; L' uomo in Bivio La morte; 378 Mendel, Ergiinz., 123.
;
di Cristo, Vienna, 1704 ; Jefte ; II martirio GLiNNINI, SALVATORE, born in Na-

di Santa Giustina ; Sevei'al cantatas ; Salmi ples, Dec. 24, 1830. Pianist, pupil of Giu-
a quattro voci con stromenti (Venice, 1717) ;
seppe Lillo. He wrote an ojêra, several
Kyrie for 5 voices and instruments. Fetis — ;
elementary works, and a number of piano-
Riemaun. forte and sacred pieces. Fetis, Sujiple- —
GIANNETTI, RAFFAELE, born at Spo- ment, i. 378 Mendel, Ergiiuz., 123.
;
leto, April 16, 1817, died in Naples in Au- GIANOTTI, PIETRO, born in Lucca,
gust, 1872. Dramatic composer, pup)il at died in Paris, June 19, 1765. Contrabass-
the Couservatorio, Naples, in 1837-44; ;
ist, pupil of Rameau was engaged at the
;
studied under Lanza, Spalletti, Cimarosathe Opera, Paris, in 1739-58. He became cele-
younger, Busti, Crescentini, Ruggi, Parisi, brated as a teacher. Works 6 books of :
and Donizetti. Published vocal melodies sonatas for violin and violoncello Duos ;
and church music. Works : La colomba Trios Songs. Author of " Guide du com-
;
di Barcelona, opera, Najiles, 1855 ; Church positeur" (Paris, 1859), an instruction book
music Songs. Fetis, Sui3i)lement,
; — i. 378 ;
—
on Rameau's system. FetiS Buruey, Hist., ;
Mendel, Ei-giinz., 123. iv. 626 Meudel Riomann.

: ;
(JIANSETTI
GIANSETTI (Gianzetti), GIOVANNI quartets for string instruments, op. 20, 29
;
BATTISTA, Composer of tlie lloiu.-ui Songs, catches, etc. Fi'tis —

Grove; 3Ien- ;
school, maestro di cappella of S. (iiovanni iu dol ; SchillingThe Violin, 233

; Hart, ;
Lateraiio, Home, in KJIJT 7;5. He published Burncy, History, iv. 521 AVasielcwski, Die ;
5G motets for and (> voices.

2, 3, 4, 5, His Violino, 98 Dubourg, The Violin, 81.
;
reputation rests on a mass for 48 voices in GLISONE (Jason), Italian opera, text
12 choruses, executed at S. M. sopra Mi- by Giacomo Andrea Cicognini, music by
nerva, Aug. 4, 1(!75. —Fetis ; Mendel. Francesco Cavalli, repre.senteil in Venice,
GIAIIDINI, FELICE DE', born in Turin, 1G49. The original score m MS. is pre-
April, 171(), died in JIoscow, Dec. 17, 17'J(J. served in the library of Marco, Venice.
S.
Dramatic composer and violinist, chorister in GIBBONS, CHKISTOl'HER, born iu
the Milan Cathedral, pupil in Milan of Pala- 1C15, died in Lon-
dini iu sinjînr;, the harpsichord, and har- don, Oct. 20, 1G7G.
mony, and in Turin of Somis on the violin. Organist, son of Or-
After playing in the opera band in Rome and lando Gibbons, pu-
iu the Teatro S. Carlo, Naples, he made a pil of Edward Gib-
tour through Germany, and played in I'aris bons in the choir of
iu 1748-41). In 1750 he appeared in London, Exeter Cathedral.
where he was greatly admired for the mel- He was organist of
lowness of his tone and the brilliancy of his "Winchester Cathe-
execution. In 1752 he became leader at dral in 1G40 - 44 ;
the Italian Oj)era and in 175() undertook its served in the Royalist army, and in 1G60
management, but met with pecuniary loss. became organist of the Ch.apel Roval, pri-
He was manager again, however, iu 17()3- vate organist to CliarlesIL,
and organist of
G5. In 1774-80 he was leader at the Pan- "Westminster Abbey. Mus. Doc, Oxford,
theon concerts, in 1782-83 again at the July 7, 1GG4. Works Anthems iu MS. :
;
Opera, and in 1784 went to Italy with the Hymns in Dering's "Cautica Sacra" (1G74).
intention of remaining but in 1700 he re- ; — Grove Fetis. ;
turned to London and tried to establish GIBBON.S, Rev. EDWARD, born about
there an Italian Opera, failing iu which 1570, died after 1G50. Organist, probably
he took his troupe to Ilussia, where he .sou of William Gibbous, oue of the Wait.^
died. Giardini was one of the greatest of Cambridge. He graduated as Mus. Bac.
violinists of his time and had no rival in at Cambridge, and on July 7, 1502, was in-
London until Cramer appeared. His best coii)orated at Oxford. He was organist,
works are his pieces for the violin, his operas priest-vicar, .sub-chanter, and master of the
meeting with little success. He owned Co- choristers of Bristol Cathedral iu 1592-
relli's violin and always used it at his con- IGll, and organist and custos of the col-
certs. "Works Operas —Euea e Lavinia, : lege of priest-vicars of Exeter Cathedral in
London, 175G Love in a Village, ib., 1757
;
;
l()ll-^4. Some of his comiHJsitions are iu
Rosmira, ib., 1757 Cloonice, ib., 17(!4;
;
the Jilusic School at Oxford ; and an an-
Siroe, ib., 17()4. Oratorio, Ruth, Loudon, them. How hath the city sate solitary, witli
1752. Chamlier music 4 sets of violin : prelude for the organ and accomjianinK'nt
solos, op. 1, 7, 8, IG ; 12 solos, op. I'J ; G for viols, is iu the Trclawney collection,
violin duets, op. 2 ; G sonatas for pianoforte British ^luseum. — Grove ; Fetis.
and op. 3
violin, 12 violin concertos, op.
; GIBBONS, ELLIS, boru at Cambridge,
4, 5, 153 sets of trios for stringed instru- England, second half of IGth century. Or-
;
ments, op. G, 14, 20 G quintets for piano- gauist, brother of Rev. Edward Gibbons.
;
forte and 'string instruments, op. 11 12 Ho was organist of Salisburv Cathednil at

;
GIBBONS
the latter end of the IGtb century, and un- of the English school, and were reprinted
tilabout the year KiOl. He contributed by the Musical Antiquarian Society in 1841.
two madrigals, Long live fair Oriaua, and Works Morning and Evening Service, in
:
Round about lier chariot, to " Triumphs of F Te Deum and Jubilate, iu D minor
;
—
Oriana" (IGOl). Grove, i. Fi'tis.
; Venite exultemus, in F Te Deum and ;
GIBBONS, ORLANDO, born at Cam- Beuedictus, do. ; First Preces, do. Second,;
bridge, E n g - iu G ; 23 Anthems ; Hymns ; 20 Madrigals

laud, in 1583, and Motets ; 9 Fantasies in 3 parts, for
died at Canter- viols ; G pieces for the virginals ; Galiards,
bury, June 5, fantasias, pavans, etc. —Grove ; Fetis
1G2"5. Brother Atheuffium (1885), ii. 6-44
of the two pre- GIBELLI, LORENZO, died at Bologna
ceding, and in 1811. Church composer, one of the
the most fa- last pujiils of Padre Martini maestro di ;
mous of the cappella of S. Salvatore, and of S. Barto-

family. He lommeo, and later at the church of the
'''•'''
got his Member of the Accademia
early Theatiues. fil-
musical education probably at Cambridge, armouica, 1743, jjrincipe in 1753. His

in the choirs of some of the college chapels. works are preserved in the library of S.
He succeeded Arthur Cock as organist at Bartolommeo. — Panc.aldi, Vita di D. Gibelli,
the Chapel Royal, March 21, 1G04. In celebre contrapjJuntista e cantore (Bologna,
IGIO he jKiblished some three-part fantasies 1830).
for A'iols, the first musical i)ublicatiou from GIBELLDsI
(Ghibellini), ELISEO, born
copper plates in England. lu IGll he as- Osimo, Marches of Ancona, Italy, about
at
sociated himself with Byrd and Dr. Bull in 1520. Church composer, maestro di cap-
comj)iling and publishing the " Parthenia." pella at Ancona until 1581. He published
In 1612 he ijublished his first set of five- in Venice Motetta super jilano cantu (154G)
:
voice madrigals and motets. He was made Motettorum cum quinque vocibus (1548) ;
Bachelor and Doctor of Music at Oxford, Madrigali a tre voci (1552) Introitus mis- ;
in May, 1G22, at the request of Camden the sarum de festis per cursum auiii (Rome,
historian. In 1G23 he was afipointed to 15G5) II jirimo libro de' Madrigali a cinque
;
succeed Parsons as organist at Westmin- voci (1581). Fi'tis; Riemann. —

ster Abbey. In 1G25 he was summoned to GIBERT (Gisbert, Gispert), FRANCIS-
Canterbury to attend the nuptials of Charles CO JAVIER, born at Granadella, Spain,
I., for which he had composed sonie music, second half of 18th century, died in Madrid,
and there he caught the small-pos, of which Feb. 27, 1848. Pupil of Antonio Sala
he soon died. Gibbons was undoubtedly maestro de capilla at Tarazona iu 1800-08,
the finest English organist of his time, as then of the convent in Madrid where he
well as one of the greatest composers of died. Works Motets Masses and other
: ; ;
English birth. His fame rests mainly on —

church music. Futis, Supjili'ment, i. 379 ;
his church music, which gained him the Baltazar Saldoni in Efemerides de musicos
nickname of " the English Palestrina " esjxauoles ; Mendel, Ergiinz., 123.
for simple, solemn grandeur, and jjurity GIBERT, PAUL CESAR, born at Ver-
of style it is hardly to be excelled. Much sailles in 1717, died in Paris in 1787. Dra-
of it was printed in Barnard's Church matic composer. Studied music in Naples
Music, and in Boyce's Cathedral ]Music with the best masters, and settled in Paris to
the rest in a volume edited by Ouseley in teach music. His operas were played at the
1873. His madrigals are among the best Comedie Italienne. The best known are
(JII3SONE
La 1738 Lc camaval d't'tt', ITo'J

fiibyllo, ; ;
He has written a great deal of church muHic
La fortiiueau villaj,'e, 1700 .Soliinan, ou ; — Fi'tis,Supplement, L 379 Meudel, Ei-- ;
lea trois sultancs, 1701 Apello et Caiu- ; giiuz., 123.
paspe, 1703. He wrote also for the Aca-GIL, FBANCISCO ASSLS, bom at Cadiz.
dumie royale de Musiquo Deucaliou et Spain, in 1829, still living, 1889. Dramatic
Pyrrha, about 1770.— Fctis Meudel composer, pupil iu Brussels of Fetis in 1850-
;
Schilling. 53, took the lirst prize in composition, and

GIBSONE, IGNACE, born in Loudon in after his return to Spain was appointed
1820 or 1827, still liviu-?, 188!}. Pianist, professor of hannony
at the Cousenatorio,
pupil of llosclieles appeared at Brussels,
; Madrid. He
wrote a treatise ou harmony
ISl.!, at Badeu, Honiburg, Frankfort, Wies- (1850), an elementary treatise ou same
baden, Darmstadt, Berlin, 1840, returned to (1850), and conq)osed several operas for the
London in 1850. Works Au opera (MS.) :
;
theatre at Madrid. Fetis —
do., Supple- ;
Elfin Knight, cantata Wood Nyiuphs, do. ; ment, i. 380 Jlendel.;
for female voices Two symphonies Sonatas

; ; GEL Y LLA(iOSTERA, CAYETAN, bom
for violin and pianoforte Piauoforto pieces, ; in Barcelona, Spain, Jan. 0, 1807, stiU living,
and Songs. 1889 (?). Flutist, pupil of Audrevi, Fran-
GIDE, CASIMIR, born in Paris, July 4, cisco Beriui, and Calcante. He played lirst
1804, died there, Feb. 18, 1808. Dramatic llute in the orchestra of the cathedral aud
composer, pupil of Dourlen at the Paris in the theatre of Barcelona twenty-two yeai-s.
Conservatoire. Works Operas Les trois — : Works Symphonies
: Masses Bequiem ; ; ;
Marie, Theatre dcs Nouveauti's, 1828 Le roi ; Dance music for orchestra Flute music, ;
de Sicile, given at the Opi'ra-Comique, 1830 ;

etc. —
Fetis, Supijlement, i. 380 Meudel, ;
Les trois Catherine (with Adam), Theatre des Ergiinz., 124.

Nouveaute.s, 1830 Les junioaux de la Bi'-
; (ilLBEKT, ALFBED, born in Salisbury,
ole, ib., 1831 L'Angelus, Oix'-ra-Comiquc,
; England, in 1828, still living, 1889. Pianist,
1834; Belphegor (unpublished) Frauyoise ; pujiil at the Boyal Academy of ^lusic.
de Biniini (do.) ballets La chatte blanche

; : JNIember of Philharmonic Society, aud of
(with Adam), Tlu'atrc des Nouveautes, 1830 ;
BoyjJ Society of Musicians do. of Academy ;
La tentatiou (with Halij\'y), Opi'ra, 1832 ;

of St. Cecilia, Borne, 1884. Works : The
L'ilo des pirates (with Carlini), ib., 1835 ;
Bival Roses, dramatic scene, 1883 ; Trios
Le diable boiteux, ib., 1830 La voliere, ; for pianoforte and strings ;
Quintet.
ib., 1838 La tarentule, ib., 1839 Ozai, ib.,
; ;
GILBERT, ALPHONSE, born in Paris,
1847.— Fetis do.,
; Suppk'ment, i. 379 ;
Feb. 2, 1805, still living, 1889 (?). Violon-
Mendel do., Ergiinz., 123.
; cellist and organist, pupil at the Paris Con-
GIGAULT, NICOLAS, born at Clayc servatoire from 1822 ; wou the 2d grnud
(Brie), France, about 1G45, died(?) He was prix iu 1827, for the cantata Oii^hec. He
one of the best French organists of the was a member of the Odi'on orchestra, and
17th century, pupil of Titelouze published ;
organist at Notre Dame de Lorette wou ;
organ nuisic in 1085. Fctis Jlendel. — ; iii'st government prize for historic and sa-
GIGOUT, EUGENE, born Nancy, cred songs, 1847. Has published mosses,
at
Jlarch 23, 1S41, Organ- motets, cantatas, and organ music. Fetis
still living, 1889. — ;
ist, pupil of Bazile Maurice and Jless, organ- Mendel.
ists of the cathedral of Nancy, and in Paris GILBERT, THOMAS BENNETT, boru
of Dietsch, Saiut-Sai'us, and Loret. He was in Salisbury, Oct. 22, 1833 ^March 15,
professor of plain-chant and of solfege in 1835 ?), died iu London, May 11, 1885.
Niedermeyer's school of sacred music, Paris, Instrumental and vocal composer, pupil at
and organist of Saiut-Augustiu from 1803. the Royid Academy of Music, 1847, and at
GILBERT
the Conservatorinm, Leipsic, of Mosclieles, aided in preparing the historical part of
Hauptiuami, llicbter, Itictz, etc., 1852. Or- Hopkins and Rimbault's "History of the
ganist of different Organ." Works Songs Once 'twas my : :
cluirches, 1853-67, af- Hope, Never more, 1849 Madrigal, I had ;
terward singing teach- both money and a friend, 1854. Piano-

er in London. He forte Fantasias, 1856 Cecilia's Medita- : ;
used sometimes the tion, 1856. Organ 3 Pieces, 1856 10 : ;
names Ernest Bennett Preludes and Fugues, 1876. Oratorios

Gilbert and Charles Saint John, 1857 Restoration of Israel, ;
Bennett as pseudo- 1859 19 services for Trinity Chapel, New ;
uj'ms. Works Das York, composed between 1870-87 and

: ;
about 25 anthems for the same church, com-

Stelldichein, operetta,
Leipsic, 1851 A posed between 1870-88. He has prepared
;
Night in Fairyland, do., Surrey theatre, 1861 also the following collections of church mu-
Ramiro, dramatic cantata, 1879 Concert sic Parish Church Manual, 1854
; The
: ;
overture, 1853 Overture to Merry Wives Canticles, 1856 Church Chorister, 1872
;
of Windsor, 1854 String quartets Trio Hymnal, 1872.

; ;
for pianoforte, violin and violoncello ; Part- GILCHRIST, WILLL\M WALLACE,

songs, and songs ; Pianoforte music. born of American par-
GILBEET, WALTER BOND, born of entage in Jersey City,
English parentage in Exeter, England, April New Jersey, Jan. 8,
29, 1829, still living, 1889. Organist ar- ; 1846, still living, 1889.
ticled pupil of Alfred Angel, organist of Ex- Organist, pupil at the
eter cathedral, under whom he studied the University of Pennsyl-
organ, the pianoforte, composition, and vania of H. A. Clarke ;
choir-training ; then inijjil of Dr. S. S. Wesley, was for a time solo

organist of Winchester cathedral, in organ baritone of Holy
playing and composition, and afterward of Trinity Church, and
Sir Henry Bishop in instrumentation. He of St. Mark's Church,
was organist in 18i7—49 at Topsliam ;
Philadelj)hia. In 1872 he went to Cincin-
1849-53 at Bideford 1853-58 at Tun-
; nati and became choir-master of the First
bridge 1858-65 at Maidstone 1865-67, of
; ; New Jerusalem Society of that city, and in-
St. Margaret's Church, London and 1867- ; structor in the Cincinnati Conservatory
69 in Boston, Lincolnshire. In 1869 he in 1873 he returned to Philadelphia and
went to America and became organist of was for four years choir-master of St.
Trinity Chapel, New York, a jjosition he Clement's Church. Since 1877 he has been
still holds. In 1854 organist and choir-master of Christ Church,
the degree of Mus. Germantown, Penn., and since 1882 in-
B a c was conferred . structor in the Philadelphia Musical Acad-
. , .-. upon him by the Uui- emy. He is conductor of the following
i^^x versity ofOxford, in musical associations Philadelphia Festival
18^T :
1886 that of Mus. Doc. Chorus, Amphion Society, The Arcadian,

by the University of Mendelssohn Club, Germantown Choral,
Toronto, and in 1888 West Philadelphia Choral. Works: 46th
Mus. Doc. by Oxford. Psalm, for soli, chorus, orchestra, and organ
He has been also a (Cincinnati Festival prize, 1882) Song of ;
fellow of the London College of Organists Thanksgiving, for chorus and orchestra ;
since its foundation in 1864. Mr. Gilbert The Rose, cantata, New York, Feb. 8,
OILDEMVX
1887 ; 3 male olionisca Ode
; Sun to direct
to the ;
the maitrise of Saint-T^ticnne,
Autumn ; Dro.aminf:^ (New York Mendels- Toulouse. des ilorts l)y A famous Messe
sohn Glee Club prize, 1880) also many him, preserved in the National Librarj-,
;
pieces of church music, sonr^s, etc., and Paris, was played at Uameau's fuiienil cere-
unpublished music, both vocal and instru- monies.— Fi'tis ; Mendel, iv. 240 ; Ergiinz,
mental. 124 Gerber. ;
GILDEMYN, CHARLES FERDINAND, GILLIERS, JEAN CL.\UDE, bom in

born in Bnifês, Aup. IH, 1791, died there, Paris
in 1007, died there in 1757. Dra-
March Organist, pupil of Govaert matic composer, first violin at the Comi'die
22, 1854.
and Thienpont, chorister of Notre Dame de Francaise, one of the first writers of music
Bruges, and organist of that church from for vaudevilles, divertissements, etc., at the
1807. He was awarded a silver medal by Comedie Italienne and the Conu'die Fran-
the Societi' I^)yale des Beaux-Arts in 181G, âi.se. Works: L'hymt'm'e royal, 1099;
for liis cantata, Waterloo. His opcra-co- Ci'phale et Procris, 1711 La foire de (Jui- ;
mique, Edmond et Hcuriette, was repre- bray, Lc tombeau de Nostradamus, 1714 ;
sented at Bruges, Sept. 15, 1819. He com- Parody on Teli'maque, La ceinture de \0-
jwsed cliurch music also. Fi'tis, Supi)lt.'- — nus, 1715 Les dieux a la foire, 1724
;
ment, i. H81 Mcudtl, Ergiinz., 124.

; L'amante retrouvi'e, 1727 Sanclio Pan<;a, ;
GILES, NATH.WIEL, born in "Worces- gouverneur, ou la bagatelle, Le boutpiet

tershire, England, about the middle of the du roi, 17.30 La nii-ce vengi'e, ou la dou- ;
IGth century, died at Windsor, Jan. 24, ble surprise, 1731 ; La fillc sauvage, IjG
10.3.3. Organist, chorister of Magdalen Col- pot-pourri comiquc, Sophie et Sigi.smond,
lege, Oxford, in 1559-01, and clerk of the 1732 ; La premiere representation, Lucas
same in 1577. In 1595 lie was clerk, or- et Perrette, 1734, etc. — Fi'tis, Supplement,
ganist, and master of the choristers in St. i. 381 ; Poisot, Hist, de la Mus. en France.
George's chapel, Windsor, and in 1597 GIMENEZ HUGALDE, CIRLVyUE.
gentleman and master of the children of born in Panipelun.a, Spain, Feb. 5, 1828,
the Ciiapel Roy.'il. Mus. Bac, Oxford, still living, 1889. Church composer, pupil
1585, Mus. Doc' 1022. He contributed to attlie Madrid Conservatorio of Eslava. He
j
Leighton's " Teares or Lamentacions of a was maestro do capilla of the primatial

Sorrowfull Soulc " (1014) A service and ; !
church of Toledo in 1805. Works: Motets;
nnthcm by him were printed in Barnard's Masses Psalms, etc.
; A ^liserere by him
Church Music (1041), and other anthems is celebrated. — Fetis, Supplement, i. 382 ;
are in MS. Hawkins prints a curious Mendel, Ergiinz., 124.

" Lesson of Descant of thirtie eightc I'ro- GIMENO, JO.UÛIX, born at Santo Do-
portions of sundrie kindos," in the Appen- mingo de la Calzada, Nov. 21, 1S17, ilied at
dix to his History of ]\Iusic. — Grove ; Fi'tis. Nivelles, Brabant. Nov. 20, 1,S49. Church
GILLE ET ("ilLLOTIN, op.'ra-comique composer, member in 1H34 of the Society of
inone act, in verse, text by Thomas Sauvagc, Jesus, JIadrid. On the supprcs.sion of the
music by Ambroise Thomas, represented at religious orders in Spain he went to lk.>l-
the Opera Comiquc, April 22, 1874. It was giuni. and taught in the College of Sjiint-
written in 18G1.— Clement, Diet. Lyr., Suj)- Michel, Brussels.His church compositions
pU'ment, iii. have an orchestral as well as au organ ac-
GILLES, JEAN, born at Taraseon in companiment. Fi'tis Mendel. — ;
1G69, died in 1705. Maitre de cliapello at GINE.STET, (FR.VXrOIS REGIS) PROS-

Ais, Provence, and subsctpiently at Agde. PER, Vicomte DE, born at .Vix, Provence,
Celebrated in the sovith of France for his about 1790, died in IStiO. Dramatic com-
chui-ch compositions, he was called in 1097 poser, served in the Gardes du Corps under
GINOITVftS
Louis XVm. Works — Operas went to Lisbon to conduct Italian opera, and
: L'orplie-
lin et le brigadier, 1827 iu 1791 was called to Fermo, as maestro di
given iu Paris, ;
Francois Her ;i Chambonl, ib., 1830 Le cappella of the cathedral. Works Operas
; —
mort fianct', ib., 1833. Piauoforte and violin L' astuto in imbroglio, given at Pisa, 1771 ;
music. —
Fiitis, iv. G do., Supplement, i. Artaserse, jmsticcio, London, 1772
;
Anti- ;
382 Larousse Mendel.

; ; gone, ib., 1773 II bacio, opera buffii, ib., ;
GINOUVPZS, FERDINAND, born at Cay- 1774-79 n ritorno d' Ulisse, Mantua, 1782 ; ;
enne in 1844, died at Marseilles, August, Acomato, Pisa, 1783 Erifile, Bergamo, ;
1888. from 1856 at the Mar- 1783 Epponinia, Novara, 1783 Elpiuice,
Pianist, pupil ; ;
seilles where be won the Bologna, 1784 Tito Manlio, Genoa, 1784
Conservatoire, ; ;
pianoforte prize became professor of tlie Pizzarro nell' Indie, Florence, 1784 Osiuane,
; ;
pianoforte in 1867. "Wrote opcras-comiques. Bergamo, 1785 La Vestale, Modeua, 1786 ; ;
Works Wilfride, grand opera iu five acts, Ifigenia in Aulide, L' impegno, ossia chi la
:
given at Mai'seilles, 1869 Le violon de fa' r aspetta, Ferdinando nel Messico, Rome,
;
Stradivarius, ojjera-coraique, ib., 1877. 1786 I ripieghi fortunati, intermezzo, Al-

;
—
Songs, etc. Fetis, Supplumeut, i. 382. ciade e Telesia, Rome, 1787 Cajo Ostilio, ;
GIOCONDA, LA, opera in four acts, text Faenza, 1788; Ariarate, Turin, 1788; La
by Arrigo Boito, music by Amilcare Pon- distruzione di Gerusalemme, II corrivo,
chielli, first rej^resented at La Scala, Milan, Naples, 1788 La disfatta di Dario, Milan, ;
April 8, 1876. The libretto is an adapta- 1788 Cajo Mario, Venice, 1790 Medonte,
; ;
tion of Victor Hugo's drama, " Angelo." re d' Ejjiro, Rome, 1791 Don Mitrillo con- ;
This opera, one of the best of the modern trastato, Venice, 1791 Atalanta, Turin, ;
Italian school, had a success iu Italy ex- 1792 Demetrio. La morte d' Abele, ora-
;
ceeded by Aula only. It had the same en- torio, 23erformed at lesi, 1785 Le tre ore ;
thusiastic Teatro Carlo d' agonia di N. S. Giesti Cristo, do. (MS.

recej)tion at the
Felice, Genoa, and the Pagliano, Florence, in the royal librarj-, Berlin). Instrumental
as at Milan. music : 6 quintets for pianoforte ; 3 quar-
GIORDANI, Padre DOMENICO AN- tets for do. ; 30 trios ; 6 string quartets ; 3
TONIO, church composer, :naestro di caj)- concertos for violin and orchestra ; besides
pella of the Cathedrals of Narni and Kieti, church music and vocal music, including lit-
and of the church of the SS. Apostoli in anies, psalms, 5 books of canzonette for one
Rome became a monk in the convent of voice. Fetis Mendel Riemann Schil-
; — ; ; ;
Rocca Sinibalda. His offertories were pub- ling.

lished in Rome in 1724. —
Fctis Mendel. ;GIORDANI, TOMIMASO, born in Naples
GIORDANI, GIUSEPPE (called II Gior- in 1744, died in Dublin after 1816. Singer,
danello), born iu Naples in 1744 (1753 ?). composer, and teacher, brother of Giusej^pe
died at Fermo, Jan. 4, 1798. Dramatic com- Giordani, with whom he is often confounded ;
poser, violinist, and pianist, pupil at thcCon- he was one of a family of opera buffa sing-
servatorio of Loreto, where he was a fellow- ers in Naples, consisting of a father, two
student of Cimarosa and Zingarelli. Joined son.s, and three sisters, who went to Eng-
his family, 1772, in London, whither they land in 1762 and jjlayed at the Haymarket.
had gone in 1762, and became composer for He went to Dublin in 1779, associated with
the troupe they formed. Was also much in Leoni to establish an ojsera, but, failing, set-
vogue as a teacher, and published a great deal tled there as teacher. Works Perseve- :
of violin music, lessons for the hai-psichord, rance, or the third time is the best, opera,
etc.,between 1776 and 1782. Returned to given at Dublin, 1789 Isaac, oratorio 5 ; ;
Italyand remained there ten years, i>roduc- books of duos for flute (London, 1775-
ing iu that time 24 operas, and oratorios 1783) 6 trios for flutes, and violoncello 6
; ; ;
GIORGETTI
do. for flutes and bass G duos for violon-
Prince until 1783, when he started ou a
;
cellos, op. 5Songs, Italian and English, concert tour, crowned with brilliant success,
;
—
and pianoforte music. Grove Fetis Men- to St. Petersburg, Warsaw, Vienna (178C),
; ;
del. and other capitals. In London he was with-

GIORGETTI, FERDINANDO, born out a rival until 1792, when Viotti appeared
in
Florence, June 2.5, 179G, died there, March there, and he could have lield his own
23, 18G7. Violinist, pupil of Francesco against this master, but for his irregular
Giuliani. At the age of fifteen he was vio- lifeand arrogant behaviour which made him
linist in band of the Queen of Etruria.
the unbearable there, as before in I'aris and
Illness in 1814 making him an invalid, he Berlin. In 179G he went to Hamburg,
took uj) composition and teaching, studying whence he visited Berlin again in 179G and
hannony under Disma Ugolini. In 1839 1802, winning undimini.shed applause ; in
he became professor of the violin at the 1802 ho went to St. Petersburg, and was
Lyceo, Florence, where ho formed many ex- the lion of the day until Roile's an-ival.
cellent jKipils, among whom were Giusej>pe Stiiick by apoplexy, he died suddenly while
Giovacchini, Corazzi, Ferroni, and Bruni. playing at billiards. His compositions, much
Works : Le turbe nel deserto, oratorio ;
in favour in their time, consist of IG con-
Violin music ; Church nuisic. — Fetis, iv. 9 ;
certos, 7 symphonies, C string quartet.s, IC
do.. Supplement, i. 383 ; Mendel, iv. 248 ;
duos for violins, sonatas for violin and bass,
do., Ergiinz., 124 ; Schilling. —
and variations. Futis, iv. 429 Mendel ; ;
GIOEGI, GIOVANNI, born about the Schilling.

end of the 17th ceiiturj-, died in January, GIORZA, PAOLO, born in Milan in 1832,
1725. Maestro di cappella of the Chapel of still living, 1889. The son of an organist
S. Giovanni in Laterano, Kome, in 1719. and singer, who gave him his first musical
Works Church music, preserved in ilS. in
: instruction, he is a composer of the higher
S. Giovanni in Laterano and in S. JI. ^lag- class of ballet music i)eculiar to Italy. He
giore. —
Fetis, iv. 10 Mendel, iv. 248.
; has written more than forty ballets, some of
GIORGIS, GIUSEITE, born in Turin in which have had a successful run in many of
1777, died (?). Violinist, pupil of Colla. the larger cities of Europe. His one opera,
He appeared in Paris as a virtuoso in 1807, Corrado, console di Milano, Milan, 18G0,
entered the royal chapel in Cassel, made was not successful. He is the author also
concert tours in 1813, and settled in 1820 of much dance music, published in tlie form
in Paris, where, in 1823-34, he was first of albums. During the war of 18G6 he wrote
violin at the Opt'ra Comique. He composed a martial hymn for Garibaldi at the hit-
trios, ducts, and other pieces for the violin. ter's request. Principal ballets : Un fallo,
— Mendel ; Fc-tis Wasielewski, Die Vio- Milan, 1853

; ; I Bianchi ed i Negri, ib., 1853 ;
line, 131. Un' avventura di Carnevale a Parigi, Genoa,

GIORNO D' ORRORE. See Semira- 1863 Farfalletta, London, 18G3 La mas- ; ;
mide. chcra, Paris, 18G4 Fi.ammella, Milan, 18GG ; ;
GIORNOVICHI (Jarnovich), GIOVANNI La Capanna dello zio Tom, Florence Fol- ;
MANE, born at Palermo, Sicily, in 1745, gore La Silfido a Pechino (with Madoglio ;
died in St. Petersburg, Nov." 21, 1804. and Sarti) Un bnllo nuovo Cherubina, o ;
;
Violin virtuoso, pupil of LoUi, made his fii"st la rosa di Posilippo Pedrilla etc. Feti.i, ; ; —
concert tour to Piu-is in 1770, and won great Supplement, 383; Mendel, Ergiinz.. 124. i.
success in the Concerts Spirituels by his GIOSA, NICOLA D.i, born at Bari, May
5, 1820, died there, July 7, 1885.
elegant style of playing as well as with his Dramatic
own compositions. composer, pupil at the Naples Conserva-
Called to Berlin in 1779,
he belonged to the orchestra of the Crown torio, under Pasquale Bongiorno for llute,
OIOVANELLI
Kug<Ti for counterpoint, Zingarelli and Don- books, five- and eight-part motets and three-
izetti for composition. He was maestro part canzonets (1592) ; Villanelle a 3 voci
cii cappella at different times at tbe Sau (1593) ; Villanelle a 5 voci (1C08) ; Masses,
Carlo, Naples, the Fenice, Venice, and at motets, psalms in MS. in the Vatican, among
the Italian theatres at Buenos Ayres and at them a Miserere for four and eight voices
Cairo. His first opera, produced in 1842, on Palestriiia's madri- and a mass for eight,
was favourably received, and his Don Checco, Other madrigals arc in gal Vestiva i colli.
his best work, represented in 1850, had a the collections of Scotto and Phalesius and ;
greater success than any opera buffa had motets and psalms in those of Fabio Con-
enjoyed for nearly a quarter of a century, stantini and Proske. Fi'tis Grove La- — ; ;
and still holds its place in the theatres of rousse.

Italy, V)ut none of his many other works GIOVANI LIETI. See Nozze di Figaro.
met the popular taste. His albums of vocal GIOVANNA D' ARCO (Joan of Arc), Ital-
music, containing romances, melodies, can- ian opera in three acts, text by Solera, mu-
zoni, etc., more than twenty of which were sic by Verdi, first represented at La Scala,
published in Naples, had a great success. Milan, Feb. 15, 1845. It was given in Paris,
Among them ai-e the following : La cetra at the Italiens, March 28, 18G8, witli Patti,
capricciosa, 5 melodies ; Stornelli d' araore, Nicolini, and Steller in the cast, but with-
6 ; Gioja e dolore, G Le canzoni d' Italia, 4 out success. The score contains nund)ors
; ;
Serenata di Mergellina, Eco dell' oceano, of great merit, but the libretto is weak and
fi ;
3 ; etc. Besides these he published masses, ridiculous. — Hanslick, 222.

cantatas, and instrumental ijieces. —Fetis, GIOVENTU DI ENRICO QUINTO, LA
iv. 11 ; do., Supplement, Mendel, (The Youth of Henry the Fifth), Italian
i. 385 ;
Ergiinz., 125 ; Iliemann. opera buffa in two acts, text by Laudri-

GIOVANELLI, RUGGIERO, born at ani the composer, music by Herold, rejjre-
V e 1 1 e t r i, near sented at the Teatro del Fondo, Naples,
Rome, about 1815. The libretto is an adajitation from
15fi0, died after Duval's comedy, "La jeunesse de Henri V."
1G15. One of The opera, written in the third year of Ha-
the best compos- rold's residence in Italy as a pensioner of the
ers of tlie Roman Academic de France, was a success. The li-
school, but little bretto was printed (Naples, 1815) anony-
is known
but the music remains in MS.
of his mously,
He
was Operas of the same title are by J. ]\Iosca,
life.
maestro di cap- Palermo, 1817 Carlini, Naples and Milan, ;
pella of S. Luigi 1820 Pacini, Rome, 1821 Morlacchi, Dres- ; ;
de' France&i, Rome, in 1587, and later of den, 1823 Garcia, New York, 1827 and ; ;
the Chiesa dell' Annua of the German Col- Mercadante, Milan, 1834.— Grove, i. 731.
lege, and was appointed in 1594 successor GIPPENBUSCH, JACOB, born in Speyer
to Palestrina at St. Peter's. In 1599 he bein 1612, died July 3, 1664. Entered the
came a member of the Sistine choir. He Order of Jesuits in 1629, taught the classics
was living in 1615, in which year he pub- in Cologne, and at the same time acted aa
lished the second volume of his new edition choir-master. Published hymns and mo-
of the Graduale, undertaken at the request tets. ISIendel Fetis Gerber. — ; ;
of Paul v., and magnificently printed at GIPSY'S W.\RNING, THE, English ro-
the Medici press. Works 3 books of five- mantic oiêra, text by Linley, music by Ju-
:
part madrigals (158G, 1587, 1589) 2 books, lius Benedict, first represented at the Ly-
;
four-part madrigali sdruccioli (1587) ; 2 ceum Theatre, London, 1838. This work,
GIIIALDA
Benedict's first English opera, was given 18.37-4G at the Opera Comique. In 184G
afterwards in Jiorliu and other (Jcrinan cities. ho succeeded Habeueck at the Opera, and in
GIKALDA, oil hi nouvelle I's^clic, opt'ra- 185G became director in chief there.
Ho
comique in throe acts, text by Scribe, mu- also became in 1847 Habeueck's successor
sic by Adulphe Aihuii, first represented at as professor of the violin in the Consenw
the Opora Coniique, Paris, July 20, 1850. toire, and chef d'orchestre of the Socit'to
A king of Spain, accompanied by his fpieeu des Concerts. Legion of Honour, 1843.
on a pilgrimage to Santiago de Compostela, Work.s Operas —Les deux vokui-s, Opi'ni
:
stops at the farm of Gini'S, the betrothed Comi(pie, Paris, 1841 ; Le conseil des dix,
of Giralda. She is secretly in love with a ib., 1842. He
arranged Beethoven's Sonate
cavalier whom she has met, but whose face pathi'ticjue as a symphony, and gave it at a
she has never seen, he being obliged to con- concert in Paris presided over by Liszt in
ceal himself on account of some political in- 1832. —Fetis ; Lai'ousse.
trigue. He (Don Manoi'l) gives farmer Gini's GIRAUD, FR.VN9OIS JOSEPH, French
six hundred ducats to let him take his place composer of the 18th centurj-. Violoncel-
at the altar on his wedding-day, and so be- list, member of the orchestra at the Opera,
comes tlie husband of Giralda. On the arri- Paris, in 1752-G7 musician of the royal
val of theking he is obliged to take to flight, chajjcl and of the King's chamber music
and during his absence jMor Giralda believes Several of his motets were played at tlie
herself in turn wedded to GinOs and then Concerts Spirituels. He wrote DeuaUion
to an old seigneur named Don Japhet but ; ot Pyrrha (with Berton pi-re), 175.5 ; and
at last thequeen secures the pardon of Don L'opera de societe, 17G2. He published a
Manoel, and he returns to claim his bride. book of sonatas for the violoncello. — Fetis,
This work, the best of the composer's from iv. 14 ; do., Supplement, i. 385 ; Mendel.
a musicid point of view, was well intoi-joreted GUIBERT, CHRISTOPH HELNRICH,
by Allies Miolan and Meyer, and by IMessrs. born at Frohnstockheim, near Crailshcim,
Bussiuc, Audran, Sainte-Foy, and Iticquier. Wiirtemberg, July 8, 1751, died in B;iireuth
It met with great success throughout France about 182G. Pupil of his sfej)-father in
and in Germany, and was revived in Paris singing, pianoforte, and organ, then of Can-
in 18(J2 and l.STO. —
Pougin, Adoli)he Adam, tor Stadler, and settled in Baireuth as a
201 Larousse, viii. 12(17.
; teacher in 17G9. Became music director
GIR.iNEK, ANTON, born in Bohemia of Schmidt's travelling company in 1784,
about 1712, died at Dresden, Jan. bringing out seven of his operettas, and re-
IG, 17G1.
Violinist, lived for some years in Prague, turned to teaching in Baireuth. Works
then went to Warsaw, where he became Two symphonies for 8 and 10 instruments ;
first violinist in the royal orchestra, after- Four concertos for pianoforte ; Eleven for
wards director of music in Dresden. He do. Five quartets for violins. Mendel
; —
composed 24 concertos for the violin, and Fetis.
several concertos for pianoforte, tlute, and GIR0FLT5-GIR0FLA. opera-bouflfe in
viola di gamba. —
Fetis Mendel.; tlireo acts, text by Vaidoo and Leterrier,
Gm.VKD, NAKC'ISSE, born at Mantes, music by Charles Lecocq, first represented
France, Jan. 27, 1797, died in Paris, Jan. at the Theatre des Fantaisies Parisiouues,
IG, 18G0. Dramatic composer, pupil at the Brussels, March 21, 1874. The plot turns
Paris Conservatoire, from 1817, of Baillot on the confounding of Girofle and Girofla,
for violin won the 2d jirizo in 181!) and the two daughters of Don Bolero d'.Vlcani-
;
the 1st in 1820. He studied counterpoint zas, one of whom is promised in marriage
under Reicha. In 1830 ;V2 he was conductor to the banker Mara.squin, .and the other to
of the orchestra at the Opera Italien, and in the Moorish warrior Mourzouk. It was
GIKOUST
given in Paris, at the Tlii'i'itre tie la Renais- drei Schulmeister, do., ib., 1834 ; Sympho-
sance, Nov. 11, 187-1. nie.s, overtures, jjsalms, and songs. — FiJtis ;
GIROUST, FRANgOIS, born in Paris, Mendel.

April 1), 1730, died in Versailles, Aug. 28, GISELLE, ou les Willis, fantastic ballet
1799. maitre do musique in the in two acts, text by Thi'opliile Gautier and
When
metropolitan cliurch in Ork'aus, liis psaliu. Saint-Georges, music by Adolphe Adam,
Super flumiua Babylouis, won the 1st prize first rein-esented at the Opera, Paris, June
in 17G8 at a government concours, he being 28, 1841. Subject derived from a Slav
awarded also the 2d prize. In consequence legend related by Heiurich Heine in " De
he was called to Paris to become maitre de I'Allemagne " (ii. GO), concerning a noc-
chapelle of the Church des Innocents, and turnal dance called in the Slav countries
the Willi.
he subsequently held a similar position in Willis are betrothed girls, who,
having died before their wedding-day, can-
the royal chapel, and in 1775 became super-
intendent of the king's music. not lie quiet in theu' graves, but come out at
His orato-
midnight in their wedding-garments and,
rios were played at the Concerts Spirituels,
among them, Le j)assage de la Mer Rouge.crowned with roses, dance in the moon-
His motets were composed for the royal light like elves. If they meet any young
chapel. His music is preserved in the man, they force him to dance with them
national library, Paris. Fctis —
Larousse until he falls dead.
;
;
Pougin, Adolphe —
Mendel. Adam, 15G Larousse, viii. 1280. ;
GIRSCHNER, CHRISTI.\N FRIED- GIUDITTA (Judith), oratorio, by An-

RICH JOHANN (or Karl, according to tonio Lotti, written for Venice.
Mendel), born at Spandau in 1794, died at GIUDITTA, oratorio, text and nuisic by
Libourne (Giroude) in June, 18(30. Dra- Benedetto Marcello, 1710.
matic and church composer, studied music GIUUANI, FRANCESCO, born in Flor-
at Frankfort-on-the-Oder, and in 1820 went ence in 17G0, died after 1819. Violinist
to Berlin, where he held a position as or- and pianist, pupil of Nardini on the violin,
ganist for two years. Logier arriving then and of Bartolommeo Felici in counterpoint
in Berlin, to establish a school for his new when quite j'oung he became first violin at
method Girschner
of musical instruction, the Teatro Nuovo His violin
in Florence.
allied himself with him, and in 1822 became music was jDrinted in Berlin, Amsterdam,
director of the Logier Academj', which and London he comjDosed also vocal mu-
;
flourished, however, for scarcely ten years. sic.—Fetis Mendel.;
In 1833 he was editor of the Berliner niu- GIULLiNI, GIOVANNI DOMENICO,

sikalische Zeitung, and, having occupied born in Lucca about 1G70, died in 1730.
various positions at Potsdam, Dantzic, Jena, He was maestro di cappella of the Church
and Aix-la-Chapelle, he finally obtained an of San Michele in Foro of his native place.
appointment as organist of the Lutheran His masses, motets, and psalms are still
chapel at Brussels in 1840, and was made preserved there, and are occasionally per-
professor of the organ at the Conservatoire formed. — ]Mendel, Ergiinz., 125 ; Fetis, Sup-
in the year following. His intemjjcrate plement, i. 387.
habits unfortunately led to his resignation GIULIANI, MAURO, born in Bologna
from both positions in 1848, after which he about 1780, died (?). Famous guitarist and
lived for a few months at Ghent for sev- composer.
; He settled in Vienna in 1807,
eral years nothing was heard of him, until was in Rome in 1821, then in St. Peters-
1851, when he appeared as chef d'orchestre burg for several years. He wrote much
of a theatre at Rochefort, France. Works : music for guitar and orchestra, two guitars,
Undine, opera, given in Berlin, 1830 ; Die etc. — Fetis ; Mendel ; Schilling.
(UULIO
OIULIO CESARE, Italian opera in tliree both to punishment, Epponina demanding
acts, textby Nicolo Eninceseo Hayni, music to be permitted to die with her husband.
by Handel, first represented at tlie King's In the opera the denouement is changed:
Theatre, London, Feb. 20, 1724. The orig- the two prepare to die together when Ti-
tus, moved to pity by Eppouina's devotion,
pardons Sabinus. The characters are Giu- :
lio Sabino, Armiuio, Anuio, Tito, Voadice,
Epponina. ^though a work of the second

order, Giulio Sabino shows that Sarti was
possessed of considerable dramatic ability.
His work was given in other Italian cities
and in London in 178.5. The same
in 1782,
text hasbeen set also by Cherubini, Lon-
don, 178G and by Tarchi, Turin, 1791.
;
xiv. 11 — Larousse,
Burney, iv. 530. ;
GIUlt.\:\IENTO, XL (The Oath), lyrical

drama in four acts, text by Rossi, music
by llercadantc, fii-st represented at L'»
inal MS. score, in the Buckingham Palace Scala, Milan, Dec. 2G, 1837, and in Paris,
collection, is dated 1723. Characters rep- at the ThOatre Italien, Nov. 22, 1858. The
resented (liulio Cesare, Curio, Cornelia, libretto is an adaptation of Victor Hugo's
:
Sesto Pompeo, Cleopatra, Tolomco, Achilla,

Nireno. Sencsino (Francesco Bernardi,
called) created a profound impression in
this work by his magnificent delivery of the
accompanied recitative, " Alma del gran
Pompeo." Giulio Cesare often reajipcared
on the stage, the last time in 1787, when
George lU. attended the theatre. Published
first by Cluer full score, Hiindelgesell-
;
schaft (Lcipsic, 1875). —

Rockstro, Handel,
139 Eeissmann, !)2
; Scha'lcher, 70, 90
;
;
Chrysander, ii. lOG.

GIULIO SABINO, Italian opera in throe
acts, text by Metastasio, music by Giu-
seppe Sarti, represented at the Tcatro San
Benedetto, Venice, 1781. Subject founded
on the story of Julius Sabinus, a noble
Gaul who, in the time of Vespasian, joined
Civilis in the revolt against the Roman
yoke. Defeated and forced to fly for his Miriattt Bnmbllla.
life, he pretended to burn himself in his
country house, but escaped in the disguise of drama, "Augelo, tyrau dc Padoue," but the
a peasant and hid himself in a cave in the scene is changed to Syracuse, and other
depths of a forest, where he lived, attended concessions are made to the Italiaji taste.
by two servants and by his faithful wife It is one of the best of Mercadante's
Eppouina, nine years. Betrayed at last, he scores. It was sung at Milan by Carta-
was delivered up to Vespasian, who sent "•euova, Pedrazzi, and Mmes Schobcrlcc-h-
(JIUSTINO
ner and Marietta Brarabilla iu Paris by GLASER, FRANZ, born at Ober-Geor-

;
Francesco and Lodovico Graziani, and genthal, Bohemia, April 19, 1798, died in
Mines Penco and Alboni. Copenhagen, Aug. 30 (or 29 ?), 1861. Dra-
GIUSTINO (Justin), Italian opera in matic composer, pupil in singing, while a
three acts, text by Count Beregoni, music choir-boy in the court chapel at Dresden,
by Handel, first represented at Covent Gar- of ]\Iieksch at the Prague Conservatorium ;
den Theatre, London, Feb. IG, 1737. The of Pixis on the violin and in Vienna of ;
MS., in Buckingham Palace, is He became

dated at the Heydenreich iu counterpoint.
beginning August and at the Kapellmeister of the Josephstildter Theater,
14, 173G,
end Oct. 20, 173G. The test was proba- Vienna, in 1817 of the Konigstiidtisches ;
bly written for Venice, 1G83. Characters Theater, Berlin, in 1830 and was appointed ;
represented Auastasio, Arianna, Leocasta, royal Kapellmeister in Copenhagen in 1842.

:
Anianzio, Giustino, Vitaliauo, Polidarte, La Works Ojjcras: Der Brief an sich selbst, —
Fortuna, Voce di dentro. It had only five Sauertopfchen, oder der Eitter mit der
rejireseutations. Giustino, whose part was goldeneu Gans, given iu Vienna, 1824
sung by Gizziello, engages and slays a sea- Sonderbare Laune, ib., 1825 Heliodor, ;
monster to the music of a descriptive sym- ib., 1826 Elsbeth, oder die Brautschau auf ;
phony, which was parodied by Carey in the Kronsteiu, Armida, die Zauberin im Orient,
Dragon of Wantlej'. Originally published ib., 1828 Die vier Haimons-Kinder, ib., ;
by Walsh full score, Hiindelgesellschaft 1830

; Des Adlers Horst, Berlin, 1833 ;
(Leipsic, 1883).— Schcelcher, Handel, 185 Aurora, ib., 183G Der Rattenf anger von
; ;
Kockstro, 192 Chrysander, ii. 397.

; Hameln, ib., 1837 Das Auge des Teufels, ;
GIVE ME BACK MY DEAREST ib., 1840 Andrea, ib., 1841 Die Hochzeit ; ;
IVIASTER. See Gebt mir meinen Jesum am Comosee, ib., 1848 and music to many ;
wieder. dramas, farces, melodramas, pantomimes,

GLADLY WILL I, ALL RESIGNING. etc.; Festival overture, Berlin, 1830; Fu-
See Gcriw will ich mich bequemen. neral cantata, ib., 1837. — Allgem. d. Biogr.,
GLADSTONE, FRANCIS EDWARD, ix. 21G ; Fetis ; Ledebui-, Tonkiinstler Lex-
born in Oxford, Eng- icon Berlins, 189 ; Mendel ; Wasielewski,
land, March 2, 1845, 354.
still living, 1889. Or- GLASER, KARL GOTTHELF, born at
ganist, pupil of S. S. Weissenfels, Prus.sian Saxonj', Maj' 4, 1784,
Wesley iu 1859-64 ;
died at Barmen, Rhenish Prussia, April
organist Llaudaff 16, 1829. Son and pupil of Karl Lud-
of
(18G0) and Chichester wig Traugott Gliiser, and studied at the
(1870) Cathedrals, Thomassehule of Leipsic under J. A.
lived in Brighton, 1873 Hiller and A. E. Miiller iu pianoforte and
-7G, and
London, 187G harmonj', and under Campagnoli in violin.
-77, then organist of Norwich Cathedral, He began the study of law at Leipsic Uni-
1877-81, and since of Christ Church, Lan- versity, but became a teacher and dealer in
caster Gate, London. Mus. Bac, Cam- music iu Barmen. He wrote songs, motets,
bridge, 1876 Mus. Doc, ib., 1879.
; Works chorals, music for pianoforte, and several
— Cantatas Nicodenius, London, 1880
: elementary works for musical instruction.
Philippi, 1882 Constance of Calais, 1884.
; Allgem. d. Biogr., ix. 217 —
Riemann ;
Church sen-ices Anthems Trio for jiiano- Mendel.

; ;
forte, violin, and violoncello, 1876 Organ- GLASER, IvARL LUDWIG TRAU-
;
music A wet sheet and a flowing sea, cho- GOTT, born at Ehrcnfriedensdorf, Sax-
;
rus with orchestra ; Songs. ony, in 1747, died at Weissenfels, Jan. 31,
GLEASON
1797. He was cantor, music director, and chestra, op. 17 Concerto in
; minor, for G
seminary teacher in WeisseiifoLs. Com- pianoforte and orchestra, op. 18.
posed much manuscript churcli music, and GLEISSXER, FR.VNZ, born at Neiistadt
published a collection of minuets and polo- an der Waldnab, Bavaria, in 17G0, die.l in
naises for the pianoforte. His melody toMunich after 1815. Dramatic and instru-
Feindc ringsuin, bj- Karl Gottlob Cramer, mental composer coiiiiikted iiis philosoplii- ;
became widely known, and to the same cal and musical studies in Miuiich, and be-
melody Nonne wrote another popular text, came a member of the roy.al chapel tliere
Flammc empor !
— Mendel ; Aligem. d. Bi- about 1800. He was the first who used
ogr., ix. '217; Schilling:;; (Jerber; I'Ytis. lithography for printing music, and estab-
(ILIUSON, FUEDElilC GUANT, born, lished a house for this purpose at Offenbach
of American parentage, in 1799. Works : Der Pachtbrief, oi)era,
at Middletown, Con- given in Munich, 1814 ; Several b.allets, ib.,
necticut, Dec. 17, 1848, among them, Paul und Virginia; Agnes
still livinj,', 188!). Dra- Bernauerin, melodrama, ib., about 1790;
matic composer, pupil Lazarus, oratorio, ib., 1795 ; Six masses and
in Hartford on the jii- offertories, op. 2 (Augsburg, Letter) ; Sym-
anoforte and in compo- phonies for sevei-al instruments, op. 1 and
sition of Dudley Buck, 15; Quartets, duos, etc. ; Several collections
and in 1809 at the of pianoforte music. — Fctis ; Gerber ; Rie-
Leipsic Conservato- mann Schilling.
;
rium on the pianoforte GLI:TTLE, JOH.VNN MELCHIOR, bom

of Moschelea, Pappe- at Brcmgarten, Switzerland, in the first part
ritz, and Plaidy, and in and compo-
tlipory of the 17th century. He was Kapellmeister
sition of E. V. Riclitor, J. C. Ijobe, Pappc- in Augsburg about 1C80, and one of the
ritz, and Oscar Paul. In 1870 he studied most favourite composers of his time.
in Berlin the pianoforte under Oscar Raif Works 36 motets, op. 1 (Augsburg, l<i(j7)
:
and A. Locschhorn, theory and composition Masses for five voices and five instruments
under C. F. Weitzmann, and the organ (ib., 1(>G7) do., and mass for eight voices
;
under August Haupt and in London the; and seven instruments, op. 3 (ib., 1070)
pianoforte under Oscar Beringer. Return- P.salms for five voices and five instruments
ing home in 187i), he became organist of (ib., 1007) 30 motets for solo voice and
;
the Asylum Hill Congregational Clnirch in two violins (ib., 10(i7) ^lusica generalis ;
Hai'tford, and in 187() of the First Congre- latino-germanica, for from one to five voices,
gational Church in New Britain. In 1877 partly with two violins, besides 2 sonatas
he became teacher of the pianoforte, organ, and 30 Trompeter-Stiicklein (ib., 1074)
composition, and orchestration in the Her- do., 2d part, op. 8 (ib., 1084) 18 psalms ;
shoy School of Music, Cliicago, and in 1884 for three voices (ib., 1085). — Fetis; Gerber,
examiner, director, and fellow of the Amer- Hist. Lex.; :Mendel.
ican College of Jlusicians. He is also musi- GLDIES, .TE.VN BAPTISTE JULES DF^
cal editor of theChicago Tribune. Works born in Brussels, Jan. 24, 1814, dicil there.
Otho Visconti, grand opera in three acts, Oct. 4, 1881. Pianist, pupil of Hanssens nn.l
op. 7 (MS.); Mmtczuma, do. (IMS.); Ouver- of Fi'tis at the Conservatoire, Brussels, and
tnre triomphale, for organ, op. 11 God our ; teacher of singing there in 1837-40. Ho
Deliverer, cantata for soli, chorus, and or- was a teacher in London for about twenty
chestra, op. 12 3 trios for pianoforte, violin, yeai-s from 1842.
;
Works Pianoforte mu- :
and violoncello Praise Song to Harmony, sic Chamber music Sougs. Fetis Men-
; ; ; — ;
symphouic cantata, for soli, chorus, and or- •lel.

GLINKA
GLINKA, MIC HAIL IVANOVITCH ments Rondos and vai-iations Romances
; ;
DE, boru in the village of Novo-spaskoi, near —

and other songs. F('tis do., Supiilement,
;
Smolensk, Russia, i. 387 ; Fouque, 35tude sur Glinka Men- ;
May 20 (or June 1) del; Riemann Cui, La Musique en Rus-

;
1804, tliedin Ber- sie, in Revue et Gazette musicale de Paris
lin,Feb. 15, 1857. (1878-79) Scrow, in Theater- und Musik-

;
Dramatic composer, bote (1857), and in Musik und Theater

pupil on the piano- (18G8) Soloviev, in Musikaluy Listok
;
forte of John Field. (1872) Oscar Comettant, Mus. et Musi-

;
A
Russian of Polish ciens, 414.
he first
extraction, GLOCIvEN DES STRASSBURGER
took up music as an MUNSTERS, DIE (The Bells of Strasburg
-
":-'''' amateur, but later Cathedral), cantata for baritone solo, mixed
adopted it as a profession. In 1830 he chorus, and orchestra, by Franz Liszt, op.
went to Italy, iind made a close studj' 155, wTitten in 1874. Dedicated to Long-
of the Italian mode of composition for fellow, to whose "Golden Legend" in
the voice, and in 1833 studied counter- " Christus " Liszt was indebted for his
point under Siegfried Wilhelm Dehn in theme. The cantata deals only with the
Berlin. In 183G he brought out in St. prologue, in which Lucifer and the Powers
Petersburg an opei'a, Zarskaja skisu (Life of the air attempt to tear down the cathe-
for the Czar), which had an immediate suc- dral cross during the night-storm. Pub-
cess, and has alwaj-s been pojiular in Rus- lished, score, pianoforte score, and parts
sia. In 187G its -liSth representation was (Schuberth). Uiston, Standard Cantatas, —
celebrated, and the bust of the composer 221.
crowned. In 1842 his second opera, Rus- GLOIRE IMMORTELLE DE NOS
zlan and Ludmilla, won almost an equal AIEUX. See Fausl, Gounod.
pojjularity. Glinka became court con- GLOOMY TYRANTS DISDAIN, WE
ductor and director of the opera and of contralto air in D minor, of Josabeth, in
the choral performances in the imperial Handel's Athatia, Part I.
churches. In 1844 he went to Paris, in GLORIA ALL' EGITTO. See Aula.
1845-47 he was in Madrid and Seville, GLORIOUS APOLLO, glee by Samuel
and, after living a while in Warsaw and St. Webbe, composed for the London Glee
Petersburg, returned to Sjjain in 1851. Club on its establishment in 1787. It was
In 1854-55 he lived near St. Petersburg, the first glee sung at every meeting of the
engaged on his autobiograjihy and in club during its existence. Grove, i. 599. —
new opera projects, and in 185G visited GLORREICHE AUGENBLICK, DER
Dehn, his old master, in Berlin, where he (The Glorious Moment), cantata for four
died. Works Zarxkaja skisu, opera, St. solo voices, chorus, and orchestra, text by
:
Petersburg, 1836 linszlan and Ludmilla, Dr. Aloys Weissenbach, music by Beethoven,
;
do., St. I'etersburg, 1842 Kamarinskaja ; op. 13G, composed in 1814 by order of the
;
Symphony (unfinished) Liajota Aragonesa magistracy of Vienna for the celebration of

; ;
the Congress held in Vi-

enna to readjust the rela-
tions of Europe after the
^y^H.'Ci^-;jCL.^»^^>Ojt^^
downfall of Napoleon ;
per-
formed, Nov. 29, 1814, be-
Adagio and Rondo for orchestra ; Septet ; I fore the assembled monarchs, Franz I. of
Quartets ; Serenades for several instru- Austria, Nicholas I. of Russia, and Friedrich
r.Loiiv
Wilhclm m. of Prussia, to wliom it was GLOVER, STEPHEN, bora in London

dedicated. Publislicd bj- Haslinger, after in 1812, died there, Dec. 7, 1870. Brother
Beethoven's death, under tlie title Preis of Charles William Glover, and composer
der Tonkunst (Praise of Music), with the of more than three hundred popular songs
original text, and also with a new text by and duets, most of which were publishers'
Friedrich Rochlitz. Edition by Breitkopf succes.ses. Wôrks Merry is the Green- :
& Hiirtel Bcethovens Werke,

(Leipsic), wood, cavatina Duets, What are the wihl
;
Cantaten, No. 1.— Marx, ii. 202 Thayer, ; waves saying ?, Stars of the summer night.
Verzeichuiss, 118 Lenz, Beethoven, ii. ; There's a sweet wild rose. Our bark is on
304 Upton, Standard Cantatas, 53.
; the Rhine, The Curfew
bell, and Voices of
GLOKY TO CiOD IN THE HIGHEST, the night Songs, Annie on the banks o'
;
chorus in D major, in Handel's Messiah, Dee, The Minstrel knight, and Emigrant's
Part I. farewell ; Trios ; Quartets ; Pianoforte tran-
GLORY TO THE C'.VLU'H. See Ol^ron. scriptions, etc. — Brown ; MendeL
GLOSCH, KARL A\ILHELÎ, born in GLOVER, ^MLLI.AM, bora in London,
Berlin in 1732, died there, Oct. 21, 1809. 1822, still living, 1889. Organist at Cam-
Dramatic composer, pupil of his father bridge, 1841-42, at Manchester, 1842, and
chamber musician from 17f!o to the Prince at Clieetham, 184G ;
pupil of Walmisley.
of Prussia and teacher of the princess. Works : Jerusalem, Manchester,
oratorio,
Works La fete des vertua et des graces,
: 1848 ; Emmanuel, do., ib., 1851 The Cor- ;
Berlin, 1773 Der Bruder Graurock nnd

; sair, cantata (1849) ; Chamber music, songs,
die Pilgerin, ib., 1775 Pianoforte music ; ; and pianoforte music.
Flute music. — Frtis ; Jlondel. GLOVER. WILLIAM HOW.UiD, born
GLOVER, CHARLES "\\TLLIA:M, bom in at Kilburn, London, June (i, 1819, died in
London, February, 180C, died there, March New York, Oct. 28, 1875. Dramatic com-
23, 18C3. Violinist, pupil of T. was poser and violinist. Son of Mrs. Glover the
Cooke ;
engaged at the Drury Lane and Covent Gar- actress, pupil on tho violin of Wagstaff,
den Theatres ; musical director of Queen's leader of the Lyceum band. After a long
Theatre, 1832. Has composed songs, duets, tour on the Continent he settled in London,
and pianoforte music. where he taught, conducted, and sang in o\\-
GLO'VER, JOHN WILLIAM, bom in era, and was musical critic for the Morn-
Dublin, June 1!), 1815, ing Post. He resided in the United States
still Hving, 1880. Or- after 18G8. Works : Tho Coquette, oix>ra,
ganist, studied in Dub- London, about 1845 Tarn O'Shanter, can- ;
lin, where he became tata, produced by the Philhannonic Society,

violinist in the orches- London, July 4, 1855 Aminta, opera. Hay- ;
tra, 1830. Established market, London, about 1855 Ruy Bias. ;
the Choral Institute of opera, Covent Garden, ib., 18G1 Once too ;
Dublin, 1851. Works : often, operetta, Drury Lane, ib., 18G2

St. Patrick at Tarn, Palomita. or The Veiled Songstress, oper-
cantata, London, 1870 etta ; Overture to JIaufred ; 12 romances
Erin's Matin Song, for pianoforte, in two books ; Vocal quar-
Patria, do., ib., 1873 ; Masses ; Concerto tets and duets, etc. ; Pianoforte music.
for violin and orchestra ; Fantasia on Irish — Grove ; Brown.
airs for do. ; Concerto for organ ; Piano- GLUCK. CHIUSTOPH -^TLLIBALD.
forte music ; Numerous songs. Tlic De- Ritter VON, bora at Wcidenw.ing, near
serted Village, opera, London, 1880 ; Two Neumarkt, Upper Palatinate. July 2. 1714,
Italian operas (MS.). died in Vienna, Nov. 15, 1787. His father.
(lUTCK
Alexander, and bis mother, Walpiirga, were vein to libretti by Metastasio, undoubtedly
of Prinz Lobkowitz's liouseliokl, and be in obedience to outside pressure from the
/rfjii "il
passed bis cbildbood court. It was probably between 1765 and
at tiie 25i'ince's Castle 1770 that he gave singing and clavecin les-
of Eisenberg. lu sons to Marie Antoinette. At length be re-

172() be entered tbe turned to Calzabigi and bis new dramatic
Jesuit scbool at Koni- stj'le, producing Alceste (1767) and Paride
niotau iuBobemia, ed Elena (1760). In this latter year be
where be studied tbe wrote also two lighter intermezzi for tbe
classics, siuging, the court of Parma. But be bad lost all faith
violin, pianoforte, and in bis older manner, and his new style was
organ. In 1732 be so harshly criticised in Vienna that he de-
went to Pi'ague, where be studied under termined to seek some other field for the
Cernohorsky, and practised tbe violoncello. practical development of his ideas. En-
In 1736 be went to Vienna, where he encouraged by the Bailli du Rollet, an attache
tered tbe private band of Prince Melzi, whom of the French embassy, be went to work
be followed to Milan, where he finished bis uf)on Iphigenie en Aulide, which, when com-
studies in harmony under G. B. Sammartini. pleted, be took to Paris, after a few futile
He soon wi'ote operas, Artaserse (1741) be- rehearsals in Vienna in 1772. It was
ing the first, for Milan, Venice, and Turin, brought out triumphantly in Paris in 1774,
all of which were well I'eceived. In 1745 and marked tbe opening of a new era in
he went, by invitation, to London, but was the French Ij-ric drama, as Orfeo had in tbe
unable to compete with Handel, and tbe history of the whole lyric stage. It began
operas be brought out were failures. In very much the same revolution in the French
April 23, 174C, be appeared at the Hay- tragi'die-lyrique that had been brought
market as a performer on the musical about in the opc'ra-comique by yiiilidor,
glasses. He then visited Paris, where he Monsigny, and Grotry. Still Gluck had to
beard Rameau's operas, Hamburg, and rely upon no little diplomacy, iiamphleteer-
Di'esden, and arrived, near the close of 174G, ing, and, above all, upon tbe influence of
in Vienna, where he applied himself to the Marie Antoinette, now queen, to have his
study ot^Bstbetics, and of languages and work performed. Orpbee, a revised version
literature, frequenting the most intellect- of his Orfeo, and a new arrangement of bis
ual society. His Semiramide riconosciuta Alceste (1774 and 1776) soon followed. In
(1748) was a marked advance upon bis pre- spite of the success of these works, their
vious works. From 1749 to 1755 he trav- novel, intensely dramatic, and severe style
elled, visiting and producing works in Co- met with no little opposition when Gluck
;
penhagen, Rome, Naples, ScbOnbrunn, and had set to work on his Armide, Piccinni had
again in Rome. The operettas, divertisse- already been invited to Paris, and was bard
ments, and other things he wrote after his at work with Marmontel on his Roland.
return to Vienna, in 1955, showed a marked Armide was brought out, Sept. 23, 1777 ;
falling ofif; but be was gaining in facility Roland, Jan. 17, 1778. Tbe war between
of style. Al)andoning Metastasio's libretti, the Gluckist and Piccinnist factions burst
after much consultation with the poet Calza- forth with even more fury than that which,
bigi be set the latter's O rfeo
ed Euridice years before, had raged in London between
(given, Oct. 5, 17G2), in which bis important the Handel and Bononcini parties. That
reforms injhfi operatic_style were fully man- Gluck came out victorious in the end with
ifest. After this masterpieceTliowever, be his Iphigenie en Tauride (May 18, 1779) is
fell back again, writing music in his former well known ; Piccinui's opera, on the same
aUTK
GLUCK
subject (Jan. 23, 1781), was too inferior to bust has been engraved by Saint-Aubiu.
kec}) up the contest. Gluck brougbt out Cavelier's statue is in the Opera in Paris.
(Sept. 21, 1779) bis Echo et Narcisse, which Works —
Oiêras, intermezzos, and ballets :
was not so successful as his Iphigcuie, al- Artaserse, given at Milan, 1741 Demo- ;
though it was revived a year later. He had foontc, ib., 1742 Demetrio, Venice (under ;
set to work on Les Danaides, intending it the title Cleouice), 1742 Iperincdra, ib., ;
to be his last opera, but an apoplectic at- 1742 Artameue, Cremona, 1743 Si/ace,
; ;
tack forced him to give up this task, and he Jlilan, 1743 Fedra, ib., 1744 Alessandro
; ;
gave the libretto to Salieri. He soon re- neU' Indie, Turin (under the title Poro),
turned to Vienna, where he passed his last 1745 La caduta de' giganti, Loudon, 174()
;
years ; his fame and fortune were alike Ai-tamene (remodelled), ib., 1746 Piramo e ;
great. He died of a second stroke of apo- Tisbe, pasticcio, ib., 174G La Semiramide ;
plexy. Gluck is, apart from his great ge- riconosciuta, Vienna, 1748 Filide, serenade ;
nius, conspicuous in the history of the lyric in 2 acts, Copenhagen, 1749 Telemacco, ;
drama as being the first man avowedly to Eome, 1750 La clemenza di Tito, Naples,
;
return to the original general aesthetic prin- 1751 L' eroe Cinese, SchOubrunn, near Vi-
;
ciples of the opera, virtually as they were enna, 1755 II trionfo di Camillo, Anligono,
;
set forth by the Florentine music-reformers Eome, 1754 La Dauza, Laxenburg, near
;
of the 17th century, and first embodied in Vienna, 1755 Les amours champutres, Vi- ;
the works of Caccini and Peri. Such a re- enna, 1755 L' innocenza giustificata, II re
;
turn to first princiîles has been made only pastore, ib., 1756 Le Chinois poli en ;
twice, first by Gluck, then by Wagner. The France, Laxenburg, 1756 Le deguisement ;
unquestionable difference in form and char- pastoral, SchOnbrunn, 1756 L'ile de Mer- ;
acter of the music of Peri, Gluck, and Wag- lin, ib., 1758 La fausse esclave, Vienna,
;
ner, brought about by the gradual musical 1758 Cythere assicgee, ib., 1759
; L'i- ;
evolution of over one and two centuries re- vrogne corrige, ib., 1760 Tetide, ib., 1760 ;
S2)ectively, should not blind our eyes to its Le cadi dupe, ib., 1761 Don Juan, ballet, ;
absolute identity of artistic aim namely, its 1761 On ne s'avise jamais de tout, L'arbre
; ;
entire subservience to the dramatic spirit of enchantc, ib., 1762 E trionfo diClelia, Bo- ;
the text. Of all the many reactionaries and logna, 1762 Oifco ed Euridice, Vienna,
;
reformers in the history of the lyric drama, 1762 Ezio, ib., 1763 La rencontre inipre-
; ;
Gluck and Wagner have been the only radi- vue, Vienna (also in German as Die Pilgrime
cal ones. \pi Gluck's operas, Orphee and von Mekka), 1764 II Farnasso coiifuso, ;
Armide have had the widest and most last- lêrformed by the imperial familj', SchOn-
ing popularity Alccste comes next, but it
;
brunn, 1765 Telemacco (remodelled), La
;
is probable that none of his French operas Corona (by the imperial family), Vienna,
have pennanently passed from the stage a ;
1765 Alceste, ib., 1766 Faride ed Elena,
; ;
revival of any of them would not be a mat- ib., 1769 Le feste d' Apollo, Bauci e File-
;
ter of surprise. The best portrait of Gluck moue, Aristeo, Parma, 1769 Iphigaiie en ;
is the one by Duplussis (1775) iu the Vi- Aulide, Orphee et Eurydice (rearranged),
enna Gallery. It has been engraved by Paris, 1774; Alceste (remodelled), ib.,
Unger and Schilling and etched by Le Eat.

A replica, decidedly finer in the head, but
inferior in other portions, in the library of
the Harvard Musical Association, Boston,
Mass., has been etched for this Cyclopedia.
Another portrait, by Houdeville, has been en- 1776 ; Armide, ib., 1777 ; Iphig'enie en Tau-
graved by Philippeaux Houdon's famous ride,
; &}w et Narcisse, ib., 1779. Other
GLlTCK
works: G sj'mplioiiics for 2 violins, viola, about 1808 ; I falsi galantuoniini, Milan,
bass, anil 2 horns ; Do profundis, for chorus Teatro Carcano, 1809 ; Gli amanti iilarmo-
and orchestra ; The eighth psalm, a cap- nici, Italy, about 1810; Adelaide e Guew-
pella ; 8 odes of Klopstock, for a voice and cliiio ; II nuovo podesta La testa riscul-
;
pianoforte ; Part) of a cantata, The Last data. — Fetis ; Mendel.

Judgment, whicli was tinished liy Salieri. GO, BAFFLED COWAItD, duet in A
Clement, Mus. ci'lebres, 88 Fetis do., Sup- minor for tenor and bass, between Sam.son
; ;
plement, i. Mi'moires pour servir a I'histoire and Haraj)ha, in Handel's Snm.-ivii, Part IL
;
de la revolution opt'n'e dans la niusiquc par GOB.Vi'I (Gobatti), STEFANO, born at

M. le chevalier Gluck (Paris and Naples, Bergantino, Vcnctia, July 5, 1852, still liv-
1781) Siegmcyer, Ueber deu Rittcr (Hack ing, 1889.
; Dramatic composer, pui)il at
und seine Werko (Berlin, 1825) lliedel, Mantua of Campioni, at Bologna of (Jiu-
;
Ueber die Musik dcs Hitters Christoph von seppe Busi, and at Parma of Lauro Rossi,
Gluck (Vienna, 1775) Miel, Notice sur Ciu-. whom he followed to Naples. His first op-
;
G. (Paris, 18-10) Solie, Ktudes biogra- era, I Goti, brought out at Bologna, Nov.
;
'
phiques, etc. (Annecy, 18515) Sclmiid, Clir. 30, 1873, was a success and was repeated
;
W. Kitter von Gluck, etc. (Leipsic, 1854) on all the principal stages of Italy. His ;
Desnoiresterres, Gluck et Picciani (Paris, .second opera, Luce, Bologna, 1875, Milan,
1872). Scala, 187G, was e(|ually successful. Fetis, —
/GLUfK VON EDENHALL, DAS (The Suppli'inent, i. 395 ^Mendel. ;
'Luck of Edenhall), ballad by Uhland, music, GOBBAERTS, JE.VN LOUIS, born in

for soli, chorus, and orchestra, by Robert Antwerp, Sept. 28, 1835, died at Saiut-Gil-
Schumann, op. 143, composed in 1853. les, April 28, 1886. Pianist, pupil at the
The Luck of Edenhall is a goblet left by Brussels Conservatoire. He published,
the fairies on St. Cuthbcrt's well at Eden- often under the pseudonym of Strcabbog
hall, and the superstition is that there will (Gobbaerts reversed), about 1,200 numbere
be uo more luck in the family if the goblet of light pianoforte music, much of which
be lost or broken. Longfellow has trans- was popular; "Works Valse dcs mascjues,
— :
lated the ])ooni. oj). 39 Nocturne, oyt. 45 Idyllc, op. 49 ; ; ;
GLUCKSRITTER, DER, operetta, text (ialop di bravura, op. 5G Serenade, op. ;
by Gent'e and IMaunstiidt, music by Alfons 84 Les papillons, G dances, op. 108 Trans- ; ;
Czibulka, represented at the Carl Theater, criptions, etc. Fetis, Supplement, i. 395 — ;
Vienna, Dec. 22, 1887. It was a success. Ricmann.

GNECCO, FRANCESCO, born in Genoa GOBEL, JOH.\NX FERDINAND, bom
in 17(59, died in Milan in 1810. Dramatic at Baumgarten, Silesia, in 1817, still living,
composer, pupil of Mariani, of the Sistiue 1889 (?). Violinist, pupil of Pixis on the
Chapel, and the Cathedral of Savona. violin, and of Dionys Weber in composition
—
Works Operas Lo sposo di tre, marito at the Prague Couservatorium. In 1840 ho
:
di nessuna, INIilan, 1793 Gli Bramini, Italy, was first violin in the theatre orchestra at
;
about 1794 Argete, Naples, about 1794

; Brcslau, and in 1844 became director there. ;
Le nozzo de' Sanniti, Turin, about 1790 Works Overtures Violin music Songs. ;
: ; ;
Le uozze di Lauretta, ib., about 1797 Lii Jlendel Fetis. ; {

— ;
prova d' un opera seria, Italy, about 179G, GOBEL, KARL, born in Berlin. Mtm-\i ;
Paris, 180G Carolina e Filandro, Italy, 11, 1815, died at Bromberg, Oct. 20, 1879.
;
about 1798 II pignattaro, Naples, about Pianist, K.ipellmcister of the

;
theatre iu
1799 La scena senza scena, ib., about Dantzic and, later, director iu BixMuberg.
;
1800 Gli ultimi due giorui di Cariievalo, Ho had the title of royal Prussian music
;
Venice, about 1800 Arsacc o Semiramide, director.

; Works Operas Chrysjvlide, — :
GOCKEL
about 1840 Frithjof, ISfiO. He was the
; GODECHARLE (Godehalk), EUGENE
author of a " Kompeiidium der Klavier- CHARLES JEAN, born in Brussels, Jan. 15,
literatur." —
Meudel, iv. 285 Ergimz., 127. 1742, died there about 1814. Violinist,
;
GOCKEL, AUGUST, born at Willibades- son of Jacques Antoine Godecharle, singer

sen, '\Vtsti)liali:i, in 1831, died there iu in the royal chapel (1712). He was edu-
ISUl. Piauist, pupil of Mendelssolin and cated a chorister and was sent
of the chapel,
Phiidy at the Leipsic Conservatorium in to Paris to study the violin on his return, ;
18i5. Iu 1853-56 lie made a concert tour in 1773, to Brussels he became violin player
in the UnitedStates.-— Works Pianoforte : in the chajjel, and in 1788 first violin. He
music ; Chamber music Songs. Men- ; — was also maitre de chajjelle of the Church
del of Saint-Gery, from 1776 until his death.
GODARD, BENJ.^jMIN (LOUIS PAUL), Most of his compositions are iu MS., but
born in Paris, Aug. 18, 1849, still living, some were published iu Brussels and Paris
1S89. Violinist and dramatic composer, pu- (1765). —Fetis Van der Straeten, ii. 231
;
;
pil of Richard Hammer on the violin, and iv. 320 ;Hurt, The VioUn, 319 Mendel ;
from 18G3 at the Conservatoire in composi- Wasielewski, Die Violine, 284.

tion of Reber, and on the violin of Vieux- GODEFROID, (DIEUDONNE JOSEPH
temps, whom he accompanied twice on con- GUILLAU:ME) FELIX, bom at Namur,
cert tours to Germany. He is one of the July 24, 1818, still living, 1889. Harp vk-
most noteworthy representatives, among tuoso, pupil at the Paris Conservatoire
the younger generation of French compos- from 1832 of Nadermanu on the harjj, for
ers, of the tendency inaugurated by Berlioz. which he won in 1835 the 2d prize. A
Prix Chartier of the Institut de France, clever jêrformer also on the pianoforte, he
for his chamber music. Works Pedi'o de wrote before he was nineteen years old a :
Zalamea, opera, given at Antwerp, Jan. 31, trio for pianoforte, violin, and violoncello,
1884 Jocelijn, opera, Brussels, Feb. 25,
; one of his best works. By constant prac-
1888 Dante et Beatrice, Paris, 1888 Les
; tice he became as expert with his left as ;
Guelfes, do. (MS.) Diane et Acteon, lyric with his right hand, and has been called
;
scene Le Tasse, dramatic symphony, op.

; the Pagauiui of the harp. In 1839 he went
39 (prize of city of Pari-s, 1878) Symph- to Germany and afterwards to London, and ;
onie gothicûe, op. 23 Symphonie orien- he has since made successful concert tours
;
tale, op. 84 Symphonie legendau-e, Paris, in the principal countries of Europe. In

;
Chatelet, 1886-87 Scenes pot'tiques, suite 1856 he ijarticipated, iu Brussels, in the

;
for orchestra, op. 46 Solitude for do. 2 twenty-fifth anniversary of the accession of
; ;
valses for do. Concerto for pianoforte with Leopold I., and was awarded the cross of
;
orchestra, op. 31 Introduction et Allegro, the Order of Leopold. Works La harpe

; :
for do., op. 49; Concerto romautique, for d'or, opera-comique, given at the Theatre
violin and orchestra, op. 35 2 quartets for Lyrique, Paris, 1858 La derniere bataille,
; ;
strings, oj). 33 and 37 2 trios for piano- oiêretta, Paris, 1861

; La fille de Saul, ;
forte and strings, op. and 72 4 sonatas opera, Boulogne, 1883 Le reve, etude me- ; ;
for pianoforte and violin, ojj. 1, 2, 9, and lodique, oji. 23 La melancolie, op. 24 Les ; ;
12 Lc'geude et Scherzo, for do., op. 3

; 6 roves de la Plata La danse des Sylphes ; ; ;
duettini, for 2 \'iohns with ^lianoforte, o\}. Souvenir castellan Danse indienne Me- ; ;
18 ; Deux morceaux, for violoncello, with lodies de Schubert Rondo russe, etc. He ;
do., op. 36 Suite de trois morceaux, for wrote also in 1869 the cantata for the in-
;
violin, with do., op. 78 Pianoforte music auguration of the statue of Leopold I. in
;
—
and many songs. Fetis, Supplement, i. Namur. Fetis, iv. 43 do., Supplement, L — ;
395 Riemaun.
; 396.
(JODKFIÔII)
GODEFROID, JULES JOSEPH, born GODFREY, DANIEL, born in West-

at Naniiir, Feb. 23, 1811, died iu Paris, minster, London, in 1831, still living, 1889.
Feb. 27, 1840. Haii) virtuoso, brotber of Bandmaster and composer, eldest son of
the preceding ;
pupil of Nadennanu on the Charles Godfrey, pupil at the Iloyal Acad-
liarp, which lie won the 2d prize in
for emy of Music, London. He became in
1828, and of Lcsueur in composition. He 183G bandmaster of the Grenadier Guanls,
lived cliiefl}' in Boulogne as teacher of the and is professor of military music at the
harp and composer. In 1837 he made a Royal Academy. In 1872 he made with his
concert tour through Belgium. Works : band a concert tour in the United States,
Le diadeste, opi'ra-comiquc, given in Paris, the first visit there of an English military
183G La chasse-royale, oiK'ra-comi<jue in
; band since the War of Independence. He is
two acts, Paris, 1839 Harp music Piano-
; ; the author of many marches, waltzes Ma- —
forte music Songs.
; —
Fetis; Larousse. bel, Hilda, Guards, etc. —
and transcriptions
GODFREY, .ADOLPHUS FREDERICK, from poijular operas. Grove —
Mendel ; ;
born in London iu 1837, died there, Aug. Brown.

28, 1882. Bandmaster and composer, son GOD SAVE THE lONG, the English
of Charles Godfrey, pupil at the Royal national air, author of text and music un-
Academy of !Music. In 18G3 lie succeeded certain. It was fii-st sung in public iu Sej)-
his father as bandmaster of the Coldstream tember, 1745, at Drur3' Lane and Coveut
Guards. He was a j)rolific writer of lan- Garden Theatres, London, Dr. Ame har-
cers, quadrilles, galops, polkas, and other monizing it for the former and Dr. Bumey
dance music. for the latter but there is some evidence
;
GODFREY, CHARLES, bom at King- that it was sung in 1740 by Henry Carey at
ston, Surrey, England, Nov. 22, 1700, died a tavern in Cornhill, ami that he announceil
in London, Dec. 12, 18fi3. Bassoonist, for it as his own composition. Its authorship
fifty years bandmaster of the Coldstream has been attributed also to Dr. John Bull
Guards appointed in 1831 musician in or- and to others, but tlie weight of authority
;
dinary to the King. He composed and ar- seems to be in favour of Carey. It has been
ranged much music for military bauds and adopted as a national air in Hanover, Bruns-
was the editor of " Jullion's Militaiy Band wick, Prussia, Saxony, Weimar, Sweden,
Journal," the first journal of militaiy music and in Russia until 1833, when the new
published in England. His thi-eo sons, Russian anthem was composed. In Switz-
Daniel, Adolphus Frederick, and Charles, erland it is the air of the federal cantons,
Jr., are noted in the same profession.
all " Rufst du, mein Vaterland," and in Ger-
GODFREY, CHARLES, JR., born in many it is sung to the words " Hcit dir ini
London, Jan. 17, 1839, still living, 1889. Siegcrkranz," and also to "Brause, du
Bandmaster and composer, son of Charles Freiheit-Sang." Weber introduced it into
Godfrey, pupil at the Royal Academy of his cantata Kampf und Sieg, juid his Ju-
Music, London. He was bandmaster of bel-Oiivertilre, and Beethoven wrote varia-
the Scots Fusiliers iu 1860-()8, and since tions on it for the pianoforte. — Chappoll,
18(i9 has held the same position in the Popular ^[usic of Olden Time, ii. (>91 ;
Royal Horse Guards. He is also professor Chrysander, Jalirlidcher, 287

i. London ;
of military music in the Royal College of Mui Times (March to August, 1878);
Music and the Guililhall School of Music. Grove.
He is the author of numerous popular GOD BkTE THE KING, variations on.
waltzes, galops, quadrilles, and other dance for the pianoforte, in C m.ajor, by Beet-
music, and is editor of the " Orpheus Jour- hoven. Published first iu Vienna, 1804.
nal," a military music periodical. Edition by Breitkopf A; Hiirtel (Leipsio),
GOES
Variationen fiir das Pianoforte, etc., and sonatas for violin, duos, trios,
iâge certos,
109. — Thayer, Verzeiebuiss, 5S. which remain in manuscript. Dlabacz,
etc., —
GOES, DAmiO DE, bom at Alemquer, Kiinstl. Lex. fiir Bobmen, 481 Fetis ; ;
Portugal, in 1501, died Mendel Wurzbach. ;
in Lisbon in 1573. GOETZ, HERMANN, born at Konigs-

Church composer. berg, Dec. 17, 1840, died at Hottiugen
^K^V> He was ambassador (Canton of Ziiricb), Switzerland, Dec. 3,
successively to France, 187G. Dramatic composer, first instructed
Italy, Poland, and by Louis Kijhler, on the jiianoforte and in
Denmark, was in Rome harmony after completing his studies at
;
several years, and set- the University of Konigsberg, in 1858, he

tled in 1542 in Lou- entered Stern's school, Berlin, where he
.? vain. On Lis return studied the pianoforte under Biilow, and
to Portugal he was made historian to the comjiosition under Ulricb. In 18G3 he suc-
court and was otherwise honoured. His ceeded Kirchner as organist at Wintertbur,
church compositions are in several collec- where he also gave lessons, founded a sing-
tions of the time, including the Dodecacbor- ing society, and conducted an amateur or-
dou of Glareanus. He was thrown into the chestra. Ovei'-exertion by travelling be-
prisons of tlie Inquisition in 1571 and was tween Ziiricb, whither he moved in 1867,
killed in 1573, according to Vascoucellos, and Wintertbur,
—
who gives a list of bis works. Fotis Vas- ; where he had kept
concellos Mendel
; do., Ergiinz., 127.
; bis former engage-
GOETHE, "WALTHER AVOLFG.\NG ments for over two
VON, born in Weimar in 1817, died there, years, undermined
Ajjril 15, 1885. A grandson of the poet, his health, and bis
he studied music under Mendelssohn and death at Hottiugen,
Weinlig in Leipsic, and under Karl Loewe where be had settled
in Stettin. He lived about 1850 for some in 1870, occurred just
time in Vienna. Works Operas — Ansel- : as fame and fortune
mo Lancia, oder das Fischermiidchen, text began to smile on
by Theodor KOrner, given in Weimar, bim. Like Noi-bcrt
1839 ; Der Gefangene von Bologna, ib., Burgmiiller, Goetz died probably before bis
1846 Eltriede, ib., 1853. Pianoforte mu- full genius had had time to develop. He
;
sic; —
Songs. Mendel N. Zeitscbr, f. Mus. may be regarded as one of the most notable
;
(1885), 190. of the legitimate followers of Mendelssohn

GOETZ, FRANZ, born at Strascbitz, Bo- and Schumann. Although he could not
hemia, in 1755, died at Olmiitz, Moravia, escajê the musical influences of bis day,
after 1799. Violinist, at fii-st in the thea- the general bent of his genius was in the
tre orchestra at Briinn, then made a con- classic, rather than the "future" direction.
cert tour throughBohemia and Silesia, and, His best-known works are the opera Der
through the recommendation of Dittersdorf, Widerispen.stigen Ziihmung, and the sym-
whose acquaintance be made at Breslau, phony in F major. Works Der Wufei'- :
was made Conzertmeister in the episcopal xpriintigc/i Ziihmung, opera, given at Mann-
orchestra at Johannisberg ; afterwards again heim, 1874 ; Francesca von Rimini, do.
in Breslau, he went as conductor of the (third act finished by Ernst Frank), ib., 1877
theatre orchestra to Briinn, and soon after Nauii' (Audi das ScbOne muss sterben by !,
became Kapellmeister to the Archbishop) of Schiller), for chorus and orchestra, op. 10 ;
Olmiitz. He composed symphonies, con- Cautate (Es liegt so abendstill der See), for
fiOFFIX
male chorus and orcliostra (with tenor or where lie gave a private concert in the pic-
soprano solo), op. 11 i:J7tli psalm, for ture gallery of Devonshire House. In 18C1
;
chorus, soprano solo, and orchestra, op. 14 he visited New York, ;
Symphony in F, for full orchestra, op. 1), where he wrote most

Leipsic, Gewaudhaus Concert, Jan. 27, of his larger composi-
187C; Frdhlings-Ouvertdre, op. 15; Con- tions. Ho founded a
certo for pianoforte, op. 18 do. for vio- conservatory in Bos- ;
lin, op. 22 Trio for do., and strings, op. ton, and in 18()8 went
;
1 Quartet for do., op. (! Quintet for do., to Chicago, and found-
; ;
op. IG Drei leichtc Stiicke, for pianoforte ed there a secoml con-

;
and violin, op. 2 Pianoforte pieces, op. 7, sex-vatory, of which ho

;
8, 13, and sonata (4 hands), op. 17 ; Songs, became director. lu

1873 he removed to
St. Louis, where he
was for a time one of the directoi-s of the
Beethoven Conservatory, and conductor of
op. 3, 4, 5, 12, 19 ;
Quartets for male voices, the St. Louis Harmonic Society. In 1885
op. 20 ; do. for mixed voices, op. 21. he settled in New York, where ho is en-
—AUgem. d. Biogr. ix. 509 ; Mendel ; Mus. gaged in teaching, giving pianoforte re-
Wochenbl., vii. 228, C85, 707, 722 ; Sig- citals, and conducting. "Works The Sol- :
nale. dier's Return, ojêretta, text by compo.ser,

GOFFIN, DIEUDONNl^:, Belgian com- given in London, 185t) Saratog.i, oi)cra
; ;
poser, contemporary. He is honorary <li- Newport, opera, 1888 The Song of the
;
rector of the Choral Society of Verviers, the ]3rave Man, cantata Bilrgers Lonore,
;
oldest in Belgium. Works : Le pic du di- Idylle, ftli'gie, and other composition.s for
able, comic opera, Verviers, 18(il ; Lo lever the orchestra ; Symphony Victoria ; 2 con-
du cantata Christopho Colomb, do.
soleil, ; certos for pianoforte and orchestra, in G
Las croisi's, do. ; Le combat naval, do., and minor, and in C ; Sextet for strings ;
Quin-
others. — Supplement, i. 397.
Fi'tis, tet for pianoforte an<l strings 135 compo- ;
GOLD, LEONHAKD, born in Odessa in sitions for the pianoforte, among them a
1818, still living, 188!) (V). Violinist, pupil grande polonaise and a nocturne Much ;
of Joseph Biphm at the Vienna Conserva- concerted vocal music and a number of
toriuni returned to Odes.sa in 183G. He songs. His didactic works compri.so Three
;
made a concert tour in 1837-39, and in Graduating Coui-ses for pianoforte, voice,
1840 became first violin of tlic theatre or- and harmony in C volumes. Mendel Fetis, — ;
chestra in his native town. He composed Suppli'-ment, i. 398.

at Vienna an<l brought out with success at GOLDBERG, JOH-iN^N GOTTLIEB
Odessa, 1837, an Italian opera.— Schilling, (Gottlob? Theophilus?), German coniiHisor
Supplement, 1(17 ; iMcndel ; Fi'tis. of the 18th century, supposed to liave livcil
OOLDBKCK, KOHEUT, born, of German in 1730-(;0. Organist, jiupil of Sebastian

parentage, in Potsdam, Prussia, k\i\\\ 19. Bach, who gave him the highest praise. In
1839, still living, 18.S'J. Pianist, jjupil on 175(> was chamber musician to Count Brilhl
the pianoforte and in harmony of Louis in Dresden. He had a remarkable p«nver
Kiihler, his mother's brother ; then, through of imjuovisation, ami could read the most
the influence of Alexander von Humboldt, ditlicult music at sight, even when turned
ft pupil, in Brunswick, of LitoUT. in piano- upside down. Bach's Thirty Viu-iatious
forte playing and composition. Li 1S51 he were written for him, and are sometimca
wont to Paris, and thence, in 185(!, to London, called the Goldberg Variations. Works:
GOLDE
24 polonaises for pianoforte 2 concertos Cross), comic opera in two acts, text by
; ;
Sonata with minuet and 12 variations for Mosenthal, music by Ignaz Briill, first rep-
pianoforte G trios for flute, violin, and resented in Berlin, December, 1875. The
;
bass Preludes and fugues Motet Psalm.

; ; ; libretto is an adaj^tation of the French vau-
All his compositions are in MS. Allgem. d. — deville, " Catherine, ou la croix d'oi'," by
Biogr., is. 331 Grove; Mendel Fetis

; ; ;
Brazier and Melesville. Christine, sister of
Spitta, Bach, ii. 720. Nicholas, a young innkeejier about to be
GOLDE, ADOLF, born at Erfurt, Aug. married to Theresa, but whose wedding is
22, 1830, died there in April, 1880. Pian- interrui^ted by his being drawn in the con-
ist, sou and pupil of Josef Golde, an able scrii)tion to fight under Napoleon against
musician and conductor, who instructed the Russians, offers her hand in marriage,
him on the clarinet and violin in 1851 he ; after two years, to anyone who will go as
went to Berlin, where he studied comjjo- his substitute. Gontran, a young nobleman
sition under Marx, and the organ under who has been jilted, accepts her ofl'er and
Hau2)t and Hauer. He afterwards taiight sends Bombardon, a sergeant, to get Chris-
the pianoforte at Stern's Conservatorium, tine's jjledge — the golden cross. In the
and also appeared in public as an able pi- second which begins three years later,
act,
anist in 1872 he assumed the direction of
; Christine and Theresa are nursing a young
the Soller Vocal Soeietj' at Erfurt, as suc- captain, who has retui'ned wounded. He,
cessor of his father. Besides a sj'mphony who turns out to be Gontran, falls in love
in B minor, and other orchestral works, in with Christine, but she refuses him out of
MS., he has composed graceful jiieees de fidelity to her pledge. Gontran declares
salon, dances, and marches for iDianoforte. his identit}', but fails to prove it, as he has
—Mendel. given the golden cross to a comrade while
GOLDEN COLUjVINS, FAIR AND lying on the battle-field in exjjectation of
BRIGHT, tenor air in D major of Zadock, death. Bombardon finally returns and con-
in Handel's Sdlomon, Part HI. firms his storj', and a second wedding is the
GOLDEN LEGEND, THE, cantata, by result. The ojiera was played in Vienna,
Dudley Buck, awarded the prize of one 187G, and in an English dress, libretto by
thousand dollars offered in 1879 by the John P. Jackson, in London, 1878. It was
Cincinnati May Festival Association for the given at the Metropolitan Opera House,
best work by a native composer, and per- New York, Nov. 19, 188G, with the follow-
formed at the Festival of 1880. The text ing cast Christine, Frau Seidl-Krauss :
;
is composed of a prologue, twelve scenes, Theresa, Frl. Januschowsky Gontran, Max ;
and an epilogue, from the "Golden Le- Alvarj' Nicholas, von Mildo Bombardon, ; ;
gend" in Longfellow's " Christus." Charac- Emil Fischer.

ters repi-esented Elsie :Prince Henry
; GOLDMARK, KARL, born at Keszthely,
;
Lucifer Friar Paul.

;
—
Upton, Standard Hungary, May 18, 1832, still living, 1889.
Cantatas, 109. Violinist and dramatic composer, first in-
GOLDEN LEGEND, THE, cantata, text structed on the violin in the Musikverein
adapted from Longfellow's poem of " Chris- at Oedenburg (1843), then in Vienna pupil
tus," by Joseph Bennet, music by Sir Ai-- of Jansa, and for a short time (1847-48) at
thur Sullivan, first performed at the Leeds the Conservatorium of BOhm, but on the
(England) Festival, Oct. IG, 188G. The whole rather self-taught, especially in 1858
libretto comprises a prologue, six scenes, at Pesth by the study of Bach's, Beethoven's,
—
and a choral epilogue. Uj)ton, Standard and Schumann's works. His overture, Sa-
Cantatas, 335. kuntala, and a scherzo for orchestra first
GOLDENE KREUZ, DAS (The Golden attracted the attention of the musical world,
GOLDSCIIMIDT
while liis opera, Die KiJnigin von Saba as an amateur. Ho is, however, notable as
(1875), firmly CHtaijlislied his fame. The virtually the only composer who has thor-
comparatively .small oughly followed out the i)riiiciples of Wug-
number of his com- nerianisni, applying them practically, with-
I)ositionsshow a gnat out stint. The immense notoriety of his
earnestness of pur- Todstluden and Helianthus seems to have
pose and clearness of been merely ephemeral, and since 1885, lit-
form combined with tle, or nothing, has been beard from him.
true feeling ; his in- ^Vorks Die Hieben Todsdnden, oratorio,
:
strumentation is veiy text by llobert Hamerling ; IMianlhuK, op-

brilliant. Works era, Music for piano-
given in Leipsic, 1884 ;
Ojjeras : Die Kuiwjin forte and orchestra; Songs.— Mendel.

von Saba, op. 27, GOLDSCH.MIDT, OTTO, born in Hum-
given in Vienna, 1875 ; Mirlin, ib. burg, Aug. 21,
New York, 1887 ; Dor Fremdling ; Sakunlala, 1S29, stiU living,
concert overture, op. 13 ; Die Ldiidlivhc. 1889. Pianist,
Hochzeit, symphony, 0{). 2G ; Symphony in pupil of Jacob
E-ilat; I'cnlhvuilca, overture, op. 31 ; Scherzo, Schmittand Fried-
for orchestra, op. I'J ; Concerto for violin with rich W. Gruud,
orchestra, op. 28 ; 2 trios for pianoforte and and in 1843-4G at
strings, op. ^ and 33 ;
Quintet for do., op. the Leipsic Con-
30 ;
Quartet for strings, op. 8 ;
Quintet for servatorium of
do., op. 9 ; and violin, Mendelssohn. Ho
Suite for pianoforte
op. 11 Sonata for do., op. 25 Sturm und went to Paris iu
; ;
Drang, !) characteristic pieces for piano- 1848 and studied

forte, op. 5 ; Drei Stilcke, for do. (4 hands), with Chopin. In 1849 ho played in Lon-
op. 12 ; Tiinze, for do., op. 22 a concert with Jenny Liud, and ; Zwei Novel- don at
letteii, Praludium und Fuge, for do., op. iu 1851 went with her to America as con-
29 Ilegenlied, for mixed chorus, op. 10

; ductor of her concerts. He married her ;
Frilhlingsnctz, for four male voices, with in Boston, Feb. 5, 1852, and the couple
pianoforte ]\leeres- lived iu Dresden in 1852-55 and iu or
and four horns, op. 15 ;
stille und male chorus near Loudon from 1858 until her decease
gliicklicho Falirt, for
and horns, op. IG -4 choruses for male in 1887. He conducted festivals in Dils-
;
voices, op. 14 and 17 Im Fuscherthale, G .seldorf and Hamburg in 18G3 and 18()G,
;
songs for mixed voices, op. 24 Friihlings- was vice-principal of the London Eoyal ;
hymne, for chorus, contralto solo, and or- .Vcademy of Music in 18G3, and formed the
chestra, op. 23 Songs, op. 18, 20, 21, 32, Bach Choir iu 1875. He became an honor-
;
34.— Illustr. Zcitg. (187S), ii. 250 Mus. ary meml)er of the London Pliilharmonic ;
Wocheublatt, i. G, 277, 441 ii. 500 viii. Society in 18G1 and member of the Swedish ; ;
2G9 X. 510 N. Zeitschr. f. Mus. (18GG), Royal Academy of Slusic in 18G4, and re-
; ;
209, 218; (18G7), 2G9, 279; (18G8). 452; ceived the royal Order of Vasa in 187G.
(1870), 295 (188G), 533 Signalc (18SG), Works: Jtidli, oratorio, first performed at
; ;
1073, 1089, 1121. the Hereford Festival, 18G7, and afterwards

GOLDSCHMIDT, AD.VLIJKRT VON, in London, Dilsseldorf, and Hamburg Trio ;
born in Vienna in 1853, still living. 1889. for pianoforte, violin, and violoncello, op.
Dramatic composer, pupil at the Vienna 12 Concerto for pianoforte and orchcsfni, ;
Conservatorium. He Ijclongs to a family of op. 10 12 studies for pianoforte, op. 13 ;
wealthy liuuucicrs and follows music only 12 songs with pianoforte accompaniment.
GOLDSCilMIDT
op. 8 and 9 ; Part-sougs, etc. — Grove ; Men- Haydn. —
Bernsdorf Mendel Schilling, ; ;
del ; Fi'tis. Supplement, 167 Staffler, Das deutsche ;
GOLDSCHMIDT, SIGISJIUND, born in Tyrol, etc. (Innspruck, 1847), i. 678.

Prague, Sept. 28, 1818, died in Vienna in GOLLmCK, ADOLF, boru at Frankfort-
October, 1877. Pianist, pupil in Prague of on-the-Main, Feb. 5, 1825, died in London,
Tomascbek, Diouys Weber, and Josepli March 7, 1883. Pianist, son and pupil of
Triebeusee, and in Paris of Dreyscbock. Karl Gollmick and pupil of Riefstahl, H.
He lived in tlie latter city in 1845-49, then Wolff, and Kessler went to London in ;
returned to Prague. He composed over- 1844. Works Dona Constanza, comic op- :
tures, sonatas, and songs. —

Wurzbacb, v. era The Oracle, do.; Balthasar, do.; Blind ;
2G0 Fctis Mendel, iv. 294 do., Ergiiuz., Beggar's Daughter of Bethnal Green, oper-
; ; ;
130. atic cantata The Heir of Linne, do.; Sym- ;
GOLD SONG. Seo FidrUo. phony for orchestra Overture and marches ;
GOLDWIN, JOHN, born (?), died at for do.; Pianoforte music and songs.
"Windsor, Nov. 7, 1719. Organist, pupil of G0LL:MICK, KARL, born at Dessau,
Dr. William Child, whom be succeeded as March 19, 1796, died in Frankfort-on-the
organist of St. George's Chapel, Windsor, Main, Oct. 3, 1866. Son of the tenor .singer
in 1G97 became also master of the choris- Friedrich Karl Gollmick (1774-1852), and
;
ters in 1703. His service in F is printed in pupil of Spindler in Strasburg, where ho

Arnold's "Cathedral Music." Boyce and began studying theology, but left the uni-
Page also printed some of his anthems, and versitj' and settled in Frankfort as a teacher
others remain in MS. in Tudway's collection of music and languages. Spohr engaged
and at Ely Cathedral, where he is entered as him to play the kettledrums of the Frank-
Golding. —
Grove Fetis Mendel. ; fort theatre orchestra in 1818
; later he be- ;
GOLINELLI, STEFANO, boru at Bo- came Correpetitor, and was pensioned in

logna, Italy, Oct. 2(5, 1818, still living 1889. 1855. He wrote songs and ^''-'I'ôôi'te
Pianist, whose reputation is very great in music, ojieratic librettos, educational and
Italy ; is professor in the Liceo at Bologna, critical musical works, articles in musical
which has adopted hia Ai giovaui pianisti, journals, a musical dictionary, and bis au-
24 preludes, op. 177, as a study. Works tobiograph)'. Allgem. d. Biogr., ix. 345 : — ;
5 sonatas, op. 30, 53, 54, 70, 40 3 toccatas, Mendel; Fi'tis, iv. 50; do.. Supplement, i.
;
op. 38, 48, 18G 2 fautaisies romantiques, 398 Riemann.

; ;
op. 58, 7G Album, op. 11 12 etudes, op.

; GOLTERM.VNN, GEORG (EDUARD),
;
15 24 preludes, op. 23
; do., op. 69 2 boru at Hanover, Aug. 19, 1824, still living,
; ;
etudes de concert, op. 47 Esquisses pian- 1889. Violoncellist, pupil of Prell and
;
istiques, op. 120 Pensieri, op. 155 Fan- Menter on the violoncello and of Lachner
; ;
tasia lirica, op. 163 etc. Fetis, Supple- in composition.

; —
He made concert tours in
ment, i. 398 Mendel, Ergiinz., 130. ; 1850-52, became in 1852 musical director
GOLLER, MARTIN, born at Layen, Ty- in Wiirzburg, and in 1853 second, and in
rol, Feb. 20, 17G4, died in Innspruck, Jan. 1874 first, Kapellmeister of the Stadttheater
13, 1836. Church conqMser, son and pupil He is one of the of in Frankfort-ou-the-Main.
Daniel Goller, an organist at the age of six- best of modern violoncellists, and an emi-
;
teen he entered the Benedictine monastery nent conductor. Works 6 concertos for :
of St. Georgenberg, near Fiecht. In 1811 violoncello and orchestra, op. 14, 30, 51, 65,
he became mu.sic teacher to a new Musik- 76, 100 Symphony for orchestra in A ;
verein at Innspruck, and directed the choir minor, op. 20 ; 2 Festspiel-Ouvertiiren, op.
.of the university church there.
His church 24 and 94 Sonatas for pianoforte and vio- ;
music was favourably judged by Michael loncello Danses allemandes for violoncello ;
(iOMBERT
and pianoforto, op. 42 AiLifîo for violon-
clesiasticfc
; cantionum (Antwerp, 1553) ;
cello and orchestra, Morceaux oa- Sacraruni cantiones (ib., 1554-55)

op. H'.i ;
Mo- ;
racti'ristiqucs for violoncello and pianoforte, tetti dcUa Siniia (153!») Attaignant's col- ;
op. 41, 4S, 53 EK'gio in C minor for do., lection of motets (152!))
; Modcrno's (1532- ;
op. 88 Songs, etc.

; Kicniann —
Mendel 42) etc. His Grande Messe a quatrc voix,
; ;
Fetis, iv. 51 ; do.. Supplement, i. 'S'Jd ;

Je suis desheritee, is iu a collection of
(Jrove. iLasses printed by Le I{oy and Ballard ; tho
GOMI5i;iJT, NICOLAS, Lorn iu Bruges Eler collection, iu the Library of the Paris
al.out U!)5, died after 1570. One of the Conservatoire, contains nineteen of his
most important composers of the Flemish motets iu MS. His chansons are iu tho
school, pupil of Joscjiiin Dcspres. Educat- collectious of chansons published by At-
ed for the cliurch, he remained true to his taiguant and others his AUejuja me faut ;
priestly vows, although he entered the ser- chanter is iu tho 7th book of Attaignant's
vice of the Emperor Charles V., and resided Six galliards, etc. (1520) aud the Com- ;
at Madrid in 1530 .'!4 as musicus inipera- plaint of Gerard Avidius, set to music by
torius. Through that sovereign's favour he Gond)ert, with tho title. In losquinium a
was given a sinecure oflico in the Nether- Prato, etc., is iu the 7th volume of Chausona
lands, which cnableil him to spend his last a 4, 5, fi et 8 parties (Susato, Antwerp,
days in peace in his native country. Goni- 1543-50).— Grove ; Fetis; Burncy, Hist,
berfc was Jos<piin's best pupil and the lead- of Music, iii. 302 ; Neues hist, biogi-. Lex.
ing master of his time, Fetis says he was der Tonk., ii., .iVi't. Gombcrtus, col. 357 ;
a precursor of the stylo of Palestrina, and Die Verd der Niedl. iu die Tonk., 35
Ambros that ho was gifted with such nmsi- Geschicht der Europ. abendliind., etc., 5G ;
cal prescience as should ever make his name Cat. der Samnd. alter !Mus., 3G Naumauu ;
respected. Ho was particularly renowned (Ouseley), i. 343, 3G0.

for his fugues (canons), though his style is GOMEZ, ANTONIO CAllLOS, bom, of
more inclined to tho sentimental than to Portuguese parents, at
that of the severe contrapuntists of Ins Campinas, Brazil, July
time, and he excelled in chamber and sec- 11, 183<), still living,
ular music. He delighted especially in 1889. Dramatic com-
secular music, and clioso pastoral subjects, poser, sent to Europe
treating them much as Haydn and Mozart by the Emperor, aud
did iu later times. His music is descrip- received his musical ed-
tive and his style delightfully fresh and sim- ucation at tho Conser-
ple. His love of nature is apparent in the vatorio of ^lilan, under
titles of his songs En ce mois dt'lioieux, Bossi. Though he had
:
joyeux verger Lo cliant des oiseaux previously produced in Rio Janeiro, in 1861,
; ;
Lete chaud bouilloit Je m'cn vois au vert a Portuguese operetta iu three acts entitled
;
bois etc.
; His music is found in all the A noito de castello, liis tirst success was a
collections of tho time. Eitncr's Biblio- little piece entitled Se sji miuga, iu the Mi-
graphic dor Musik-Sammelwerke (Berlin, lanese patois, given at the Teatro Fossati iu
1877) gives a list com- 18G7. Its popularity was largely duo to a
of nearly 250 of his
positions, printed in ninety dilYerent col- song on the needle-gun, which had an im-
lections between 152!) and 1573. Fetis mense success, comiug as it did iniuiedi-
also gives a long list of his works, with the ately after the Siulowa campaign. His next
names of the collections iu which they are opem, II Guaran;/, produced at La Scala
found, such as Motetti del Trutto (1538- ^larch 19, 1870, was also very successful,
39) ; Fior di Motetti ^Venice, 1539) Ec- and was afti^rwards pUiyed iu Genoa, Flor-
;
(U)MEZ
encc, Komo, ami in London in 1872. His library of the University of Cracow they ;
works since then have not had any sviccess, have been arranged in modern notation by
being obviously iiulebtod for their inspira- Zandmann, and Sowinski gives five of them
tion to Verdi and ^leyerbecr, and having in Les Musiciens polonais. Other works by
little of the oiiginal flavour of II Guarantj. this composer perished, as printing was
Later works Fosca, Milan, 1873 Salvator then unknown, and there were few maitrises
: ;
Eosa, Genoa, 1874 Maria Tudor, four act^, or collections of musical works in the
;
text by Braga, Home, Dec. 8, 1877 II sahito churches of Poland. Fetis Sowinski, Mus.
;
— ;
del IJnisile, ode, performed at the Centen- pol., 221 Mendel, iv. 299. ;
nial Exhibition, rhiladclphia, 1876. —Fetis, GONZALEZ Y RODRIGUEZ, JOSI^:

Supjili'mont, i. 31)!) ; Grove. MARIA, born at Alcala, Spain, Feb. 5, 1822,
GOMEZ, EUGENIO, born at Alcaniz, still living, 1889. Organist, pupil in Ma-
Spain, in 1802, still living, 1889. Pianist drid of Roman Jimeno ; an organist at the
and organist, chorister in the catliodral, pu- age of eighteen, and professor in 1844:-67
pil of Luis Blasco and Manuel Dancha. in the Madrid Couservatorio. Works :
"When twelve years old he was second organ- Masses Motets Litanies Organ music. ; ; ;
ist, and subsequently organist, of the Cathe- Fetis, Supi)lement, i. 400 Mendel, Er- — ;
dral of Seville. Works Pianoforte music giinz., 130.

:
;
Organ music Kepertorio do organistas (3

; GOODGROOME, JOHN, born in Eng-
vols.).— Fi'tis, Supijlement, i. 399 Mendel, land about 1630, died, June 27, 1704. A
;
Ergiinz., 130. chorister of St. George's Chajjel, Windsor,

GOJnS, JOSEPH MELCHIOR, born at he was appointed in 16G0 gentleman of the
Anteniente, Valencia, in 1793, died in Paris, Chajiel Royal, and in 16G4 became musician
July 2G, 183C. He became professor of in ordinary to the king. Some of his songs
vocal music, when sixteen years old, in the appeared in the Treasury of Music (1GG9).
religious house where he was educated, and — Grove ; Hawkins, History, v. 18 ; Men-
when twenty-one chef of an artillery band del.
in Valencia. In 1817 he went to Madrid, GOOD SHEPHERD, THE, cantata, mu-
brought out several operas, and was made sic by William Smyth Rockstro, composed
band master in the royal guards. In 1823 in 1885.
he went to Paris, and in 182G to London, GOPFERT, KARL ANDREAS, born at
where he taught singing. Works Ope- — Rimjâr, near Wiirzburg, Jau. 16, 1768,
ras: La aldeana, Madrid, aboiit 1818 Le ; died in Meiningen, April 11, 1818. After
diable b, Seville, Ojicra Comique, Paris, studying the pianoforte, organ, and singing,
1831 Le revenaut, ib., 1833 Le portefaix,
; ; he took up the clarinet under Meissner, and
ib., 1835 Eock-le-Barbu, ib., 1836.
; L'in- in 1788 became first clarinetist in the court
veruo, quartet for voices, with orchestral orchestra of Meiningen and soon after mu-
accompaniment, given at the Philharmonic sic director of the military corps there. He
concerts, London Songs Boleros.
; Fi'tis ; —
wrote an opera, Der Stern des Nordens, ;
Larousse Mendel, iv. 297 do., Ergiinz, songs, and much music for clarinet and
; ;
130. other wind instruments. — Mendel ; Fetis ;
GOMOLKA, NICOLAS, born at Jas- Schilling ; Riemanu.

lowiec, Poland, died in Chorawla, March 5, GOPFERT, KARL GOTTLIEB, born at
1609. Church composer, studied in Italy, Weesensteiu, near Dresden, in 1733, died
it is supposed under Palestrina. He wrote in Weimar, Oct. 3, 1798. Violin virtuoso,
music for the psalms translated into Polish pupil at the Kreuzschule and a choir-boy
by Kochanowski, a celebrated poet (1.580). in Dresden studied the violin while at ;
A copy of these psalms is preserved in the Leipsic University, and was influenced in
GORDIGIAXI
17G4 in Frankfort-on-tlie-Main by Ditters- other languages. They were published in
dorf. concerts in Leipsic parts of eight or ten each, with characteris-
After jjlayiug i'l
in 1765-69, be remained in Berlin a year, tic titles, such as In cima al monte Le far- :
;
and settled in Weimar as chamber musi- faUe di Firenze In rival al Arno Mosaico ; ;
cian, becoming later orchestral director and Etrusco, etc. He published also a collec-
Conzertmeister. His best pupil was J. F. tion of Tuscan airs with accompaniment, in
Kranz. He published sis polonaises for three books. His romances L' innamo- :
violin. — Mendel ; Schilling. rata, L' esule, La gondoliera, Iia selva ; his
GORDIGIANI, GIOVANNI BATTISTA, ariettas : L' amor tranquillo and La danza,
born in Mantua, Italy, in July, 1795, died are perfect of their kind and have enjoyed
in Prague, Marcli Dramatic com-
2, 1871. a wide celebrity.His stomelli are full of
poser, son and pupil of Antonio Gordigiani, a joyous originality, which also found vent
and pupil also at the Milan Conservatorio. in his clever parodies of Norma, Parisina,
After serving in orchestras in Florence and Sonnambula, etc. Works — Operas : Faus-
teaching in Eatisbou he went in 1822 to to, given at the Pergola, Florence, ' 1837 ;
Prague, where he was maestro of the Cou- Filippo, text bj' Prince Poniatowski, and
servatorium until his death. Works Pim- : performed bj- him and his family, privately,
maglione, opera, given in Prague, 1845 ;
Florence, 1840 ; Gli Aragonesi in Napoli,
Consuelo, opera, Prague, 1846 Church mu- ;
Pergola, 1841 I ciarlatani, Teatro Leo-
ib., ;
sic; Canzonets 12 cavalry marches Songs,

; ; pold©, Florence, 1843 Una vendetta corsa, ;
etc.— Fetis, iv. 58 do., Supplement, i. 401

; ;
Florence, 1847 Un eredita in Corsica, ib.,
;
Mendel. 1847. —
Fetis, iv. 58 do., Supplement, i. ;
GORDIGLAS'I, LUIGI, born in Florence, 401 ; Grove ; Larousse.

June 12, 1806, died there, April 30, 1860. GORIA, ALEXÂNDRE :gDOUAED, born
Dramatic composer, brother of the preced- in Paris, Jan. 21, 1823, died there, July 6,
ing sometimes called the Italian Schubert.
; 1860. Pianist, pupil at the Conservatoire
After travelling and singing with his father on the pianoforte of Laui-ent and
in 1830-39,
he studied the pianoforte in Brescia with Zimmerman, and iu harmony of Dom-len.
Gara, in Rome with Sirletti, in Pisa with He won the 2d prize for pianoforte in 1834,
Benvenuti, and learned accompaniment un- and the 1st prize in 1835. After leaving
der Romani and composition under Ugolini. the Conservatoire he taught the pianoforte
At the age of thirteen he composed a can- and composed for it about one hundi'ed
tata, II ratto d" Etruria, which he dedicated pieces, such as caprices, nocturnes, solos de
to the Emperor of Austria. After the death concert, etc. One of his best compositions
of his father, in 1820, ho made a living by is a fantaisie on Schubert's Des Miidchen's
writing pianoforte pieces, under such pseu- Ivlage. — Fetis ; Larousse.
don^-ms as Zeuuer and von Fiirstenberger. GOSS, Sir JOHN, born at Farehani,
He devoted himself next to dramatic com- Hants, England, December, 1800, died in
position and wrote several operas, some of London, May 10, 1880. Organist, son of
which were produced at dilierent theatres Joseph Goss, organist of Fareham one of ;
in Florence. But he is best known for his the children of the Chapel Royal under John
Caiiti popolari and his Canzonette for voice Stailbrd Smith, in 1811, and subsequently a
and pianoforte, melodies of a sentimental pupil of Atwood. In 1824 he became or-
and usually a mournful cast, in the style of ganist of the new Church of St. Luke, Chel-
or actually founded on old Italian national sea, and in 1838 he succeeded Atwood as
tunes, and sometimes set to words of his organist of St. Paul's Cathedral. He was
own. These, of which there are more than appointed one of the composers of the
three hundred, have been translated into Chapel Royal to succeed Knyvett in 1856 ;
GOSSEC
was knigliteil in 1R72, find resigned his ap- form were published in 17,')4, five years be-
pointment !it St. Paul's shortly afterwards. fore Haydn wrote his first symphony. The
Mus. Doc, Cambridge, 187G. Works— An- value of Gossec's symphonies was not appre-
thems If we believe that Jesus died (for
: ciated at first, but after several years his
funeral of Duke of Wellington, Nov. 22, vigorous harmony and orchestration found
1852) ; Bless the Lord, O my soul (bicen- a2)proval in the ears of the public, and the
tenary Sons of the Clergy) Tlie
festivjil of ;
overtures of Lulli and Rameau were found
Lord is my strength, and a Te Deum (for to be dull and tame by comparison. When
Thanksgiving in St. Paul's, Feb. 27, 1872, Rameau, in his old age, stopped writing for
for recovery of Prince of Wales) The Wil- ; tlie stage, Gosscc entered the household of
derness O give thanks unto the Lord Al-

; ; the Prince de Conti as conductor of the
mighty and mer(;iful God Blessed is the ; I^rince's orchestra, where he had much lei-
man Christ our Passover I heard a voice

; ;
sure for composition. His first quartets ap-
from heaven And the king said to all the
;
peared in 1759, and his Requiem (probably
people Church service in A Burial
; etc. ; his most famous work) was given with over-
service in E
minor Cantate Domino and ;
whelming success, and published in 1760.
Deus misereatur in C Magnificat and Nunc ; In 17G4 his first opera, Le Faux Lord, was
diraittis in E Overtures for orchestra Or-
; ; given at the Comedie Italienne. His Les
gan music ; Glees and madrigals Songs, ; Pecheurs was given on Ajiril 8, 1700, and
etc. He published also Parochial Psalmody ran for nearly the remainder of the year.
(London, 1827) The Organist's Companion ; In 1770 Gossec founded the Concert des
(4 vols.) Introduction to Harmony and
; Amateurs, the orchestra being conducted
Thorough-Bass (18.33, many ed.) Chants, ; by the famous Chevalier de Saint-Georges.
ancient and modern (1841). Grove Fetis — ; ;
Tliis, the first impulse given to fine orches-
Brown. tral playing in France, is to be ascribed
GOSSEC, FRANgOlS JOSEPH (prop- mainly to Gossec. But his greatest servica
erly Gossc), born at to the cause of music in France was his
Vergnies in the Hai- founding of the Ecole Royale de Chant (the
iiant, Jan. 17, 1733, first -beginning of the Conservatoire), in
)Tir -
r-f I'j
^^'S'^ '^t Passy, Feb. 1784. When the Conservatoire itself was
founded, in 1795, Gossec was made one of
^^ ^SK^&if . of a, small farmer, the inspectors. During the Revolution he
he became in 1740 was conductor of the band of the Garde
a choir-boy at the Nationale, and wrote much music for the
Antweii^ Cathedral, public fetes. He was a member of the In-
where he remained stitut from its foundation (1795), and che-
^ until 1748. In 1751 valier of the Legion of Honour (1812). He
he went to Paris, where he became ac- retired from his jorofessorship at the Con-
quainted with Bameau, and was appointed servatoire in 1815, but continued to atten<l
by the formier-gt'ni'ral La Popclinicre to di- the meetings of the Academic des Beaux-
rect his private orchestra. Under the eyes Arts until 1823. Gossec was a man of great
of Hamoau, then at the height of his fame, talent, perseverance, insight, and enterprise
Gossoc made his first appearance before the rather than a man of great genius. By hard
Paris public. The low condition of instru- and intelligent work he raised himself from
mental music in France excited his am- a position of ab.solute obscurity to the rank
bition to lead it into higher paths, and he of a classic composer, and this, too, with
may aptly be called the father of the sym- hardly any instruction. He enjoyed im-
phony in France. His first works in this mense popidarity, but had the misfortune
GOSWIX
to seo himself sui-jwssed in almost every osc de Voltaire do. de Rousseau etc. In- ; ;
department by his younger contemporaries. strumental music La clun^xr,, and 25 other :
Like most innovators who flourish at the symphonies for full orchestra 3 do. for ;
point of contact of two distinct periods in wind instruments ; Symphonic coucertante

art, he saw his original ideas laid hold of for eleven instruments ; Several overtures ;
and vastly improved upon by others. Thus

Haydn and Mozart far surpassed him in the
symphony and in sacred composition, as
Ciri'try and Gluck did on the stage. His
liopularity, fully deserved as it was, was
thus destined to be but short-lived. There
isan oil portrait of him in the Conservatoire
library at Paris, besides which there is a G serenades for violin, flute, horn, ba.ssoon,
small engraving by Fremy (after Brun), and viola, and bass Quartets, trios, and duos ;
a bust by Caillouete. A monument to his for strings. Pierre Hedouin, Gossec, sa vie, —
memory was erected at Vergnies in 1877. etc. (Valenciennes, 1852) Notice by Edou- ;
Works — Operas 1. Le faux lord, Paris, ard Gregoire in " La Federation " news-
:
Theatre Italien, 17G4: 2. Les ju'cheurs, paper (Brussels,; Nov. 2G, 1875) Charles ;
ib., 17GG 3. Le double deguisemeut, ib., Piot, " Particularites inedites concernant les
;
17G7 4. Toinoii et Toinette, ib., June 20, teuvres musicales de Gossec et Philidor,"
;
17G7 5. Sabinus, Opera, Feb. 22, 1773

; Bulletins de I'Aeademie Royale de Belgique, ;
(5. Bertha (in collaboration with Philidor 2d series (1872), xl. No. 1 (also printed sep-
and Botsou), Brussels, Jan. 18, 1775 7. arately in pamphlet form) Clement, Mus. ; ;
Alexis et Daphne, Paris, Opeiva, Sept. 2G, eelebi-es, 137 Gregoir, Notice sur G. (1878) ;
1775 8. Philemon et Baucis, ballet, ib., Fetis do., Supjjh'ment, i. 403.

; ;
Sept. 2G, 1775; 9. Hylas et Sylvie, ib., GOSWIN, ANTON (Antonius Gostuinus),
177G 10. La fete de village, ib.. May 2G, German comjioser of the latter part of the
;
1778 11. Thhee, ib., Feb. 2G, 1782 12. 16th century. He was in the royal chapel
; ;
Choruses to Rochefort's "Electre," at court, in Munich ; then became Kajjellmeister suc-

Januarj', 1783 13. Rosine, ou I'l'pouse aban-
; cessively to the Bishops of Liege, Hildes-
donnee. Opera, Julj' 14, 178G 14. Choruses ; heim, and Freising, and finally to the Count
to Racine's " Athalie," Theatre Franyais, Palatine, Ernst bei Rheiii. He composed
1791 15. L'oflfrande a la patrie, Opera,
; madrigals and sacred songs. — Mendel ; Fe-
Oct. 2, 1792 16. Le camp de Grandpiv, ou
; tis ; Allgem. d. Biogr.
le triomphe de la republique, ib., Jan. 27, GOTT, BEI DEINEM ST ARK EN
1793 17. La reprise de Toulon, ib., 179G 18.
; ; SCHUTZEN, bass aria in G minor, with ac-
Les sabots et le cerisier. Theatre des Jeunes companiment of 2 oboes and continuo, in
Eleves, Dec. 13, 1803 19. Le Perigourdin, ; Johann Sebastian Bach's cantata for Dom.
at the palace of the Prince do Conti, (?) IV. Y>osi Epiph., " Wiir' Gott nicht mit uns
20. Nitocris, unfinished. Oratorios : L'arche diese Zeit ;
" published separately, with ad-
dalliance ; La Nativit!', ; Sai'il. Church mu- ditional accompaniments by Robert Franz,
sic : Masses with orchestra morts by F. Whistling, Leipsic, 18G0.
;
llenac des ;
Motets ; Te Deum O
Music for GOTTERDAMMERUNG (Dusk of the
;
Salutaris.
"
patriotic festivals Chant du 14 juillet Gods), music drama in a prologue and three
: ;
Chant martial Hymne a I'Ltre supreme acts, by Richard Wagner, first represented
;
;
do. a la Nature do. a I'Humanite do. a la at Bayreuth, Aug. 17, 187G.

;
The fourth
;
Liberte and several others. Serment re- and last drama in Der Riiifj des Nibelungen.
;
j)ublicaiu Chueurs et chants pour Tapothe- The original cast was as follows
;
:
f;(')TTi-:iii)AMMEiLr>;(;
Siegfried (T.) Hcrr Unger. hero forget Briinnhildc, and love Gutrune.
Gunther (Bar.) Herr Gura. Siegfried sues forthwith for Gutrune's
Hagen (B.) Herr von lleiolieuberg. hand Gunther promises her to him, if he
;
Albericb (Bar.) Herr Hill. will first help him win Briinnhilde for his
BrUnnhilde (S.). . .Frau Frieilricli-Materna. wife. Siegfried consents, and, disguising
Gutrune (S.) Frl. Weokerliu. himself as Gunthei', by means of the Tarn-
Waltraiite (S.) Frau Jaicla. helm, rejjairs to the Briinnhildenstein,
wrenches the Ring from Briinnhilde's fin-
Siegfried who, at the cloi30 of the third
ger, and brings her captive to Gunther. In
drama, Siegfried, liaswou Briinuhilde, leaves
the second act Siegfried, having doifed the
A Tarnhelm, appears in his own shape Briinn- ;
hildc claims him as her husband, but he,

still under the spell of Hageu's potion, dis-
claims all knowledge of her. She espies the

Ring on his finger, and sees that it was he,
and not Gunther, who brought her by force
from the Briinnhildenstein. Both Gunther
and Briinnhilde think that Siegfried has
wittingly played them false, and, still further
incited thereto by Hagen, they plot Sieg-
fried's death. In the third act Siegfried,
one of a hunting party, comes to the banks
of the Rhine the Rhine-daughters beseech
;
him to restore the Ring to them, projjhesy-

ing his death if ho should keep it, but he
refuses to give it up. He is joined by Gun-
ther, Hagen, and others, and during the
noontide rest Hagen asks him to tell the
story of his life. In the midst of the nar-
rative Hagen offers Siegfried a draught, a
counterpotion to the one given him in the
first act ; the young hero, hismemory now
restored, proceeds to tell how he first won
Briinnhilde on the heights of the Briinn-
hildenstein {Siegfried, Act
iii., Sc. 3). Gun-
up in horror Wotan's ravens
ther springs ;
fly up from a bush hard by, and as Sieg-
fried, startled by the whir of wings, turns

her on the heights of the Briinnhildenstein, round to look after them, Hagen plunges
giving her the Ring as a pledge of his his sjiear into his back. Siegfried dies with
fidelity, and goes out in search of new ex- Briinnhilde's name on his lips the men ;
ploits. Arriving at the dwelling of Gunther, raise his body upon his shield, and bear it
the Gibichung, he meets Gutrune, his sister, home in solemn procession. On reaching
and Hagen, his half-brother. Hagen is Al- Gunther's dwelling, Hagen and Gunther
bericb 's son, and is bent upon regaining the quarrel, and the latter is killed Hagen ;
Ring, robbed from his father {Rheingold, tries to take the Ring from Siegfried's fin-
Scene 3). He prepares a potion which, ger, but the dead arm raises itself and warns
handed to Siegfried by Gutrune, makes the him off with threatening gesture. While
GOTT
Gutruue is bcwailiiif^ licr licro's music for four voices by Haydn, in
ilcatli, set to
Briinnbilde appears, and claims liim for her January, 1797, and were sung first on the
own she orders a funeral pyre to be built, Emperor's birthday, Feb. 12, 1797. Haydn
;
and, as the men lift Siegfried's body upon subsequently used it as a theme for varia-
it, draws the King from his finger and puts tions in his Kaiserquartet (op. 7C, No. 3).
it on her own. She lights the jjyre with a —
A. Schmid, J. Haydn und N. ZingareUi
torch, and, mounting her horse Grane, leaps (Venice, 1847).
into the flames. The Ehine overflows its GOTTES ZEIT 1ST DIE ALLERBESTE
banks into the hall, bearing with it the ZEIT (God's Time is the best of all Time),
Rhine-daughters, who recover the Ring and cantata for soli and chorus, with accompani-
drag Hageu, plunging into the waves after ment of two flutes, two viole da gamba, and
them in delirium, down to the depths. A continuo, otherwise called the Actus Tragi-
ruddy glow lights up the northern sky, be- cus, by Johaun Sebastian Bach, written at
tokening the end of Valhalla, and the Dusk Weimar, probably in memoiy of Magister
of the Gods the Ragnarok of Northern Philipp Grossgebauer, rector of the school
:
mythology. there, who died in 1711. It is sometimes

Of the four Nibelungen dramas, GiJtter- called also the IMourniug Cantata. Though
diiramerung is the one in which there is the one of the composer's youthful compositions,
most of incident and dramatic action. As it has always been a favourite of the best mu-
in all of the dramas of Wagner's third pe- sical critics. Published, edited by Robert
riod, the music is not divided into distinct Franz, by Leuckhart (Leipsic, 185G). S2)it- —
numbers, but is a continuous working out ta, i. 451 Upton, Standard Cantatas, 33.
;
of characteristic Leitmotivs, most of which GOTT F.JlHRET AUF JHT JAL'CHZEN,

have already appeared in the earlier parts of cantata, festo Ascensionis Christi, for soli
the tetralogy. The music after Siegfried's and chorus, with accompaniment of three
death has become familiar in the concert- trumpets, drums, two oboes, strings com-
room under the misnomer of "Siegfried's plete, and continuo, by Johann Sebastian
Funeral March," and Briinnhilde's last Bach (Bachgesellschaft, No. 43). Publish-
speech over the hero's body, beginning, ed in full and pianoforte score, with ad-
" Schweigt cures Jammers jauchzenden ditional accompaniments by Robert Franz,
Svvall !," is frequently given apart from the Breslau, Leuckart. Spitta, Bach, ii. 550. —
rest of the work. The orchestral interlude GOTTILiRD, J. P. (real name Pazdh-ek),
(scherzo) between the Prologue and Act i., born at Drahanowitz, MoraNda, Jan. 19, 1839,
known as Siegfried's Rheinfahrt " (S.'s trip still living, 1889. He was a choir-boy at
up the Rhine), which was written before the Altwasser, and finally solo soprano at the
rest of the music, issometimes played also cathedral in Olmiitz. He attended the gym-
at concerts. Gotterdilmmerung was first nasium in Vienna, where he was the pupil
given in America at the Metropolitan Opera of Simon Sechter in composition. He
House, New York, Jan. 25, 1888.— Krehbiel, founded a musical establishment in 1868 in
Review (1887-88), 87 for other bibliog- Vienna.
; In his hall he established a serie.s
raphy, see Ring des Nibelungen. of concerts, where young musicians a.]}-
GOTT ERHALTE FRANZ DEN KAI- peared. Works Mass for soli, chorus and :
SER (God save Franz the Emperor), com- orchestra, op. 66 ; 149th psalm, for do., op.
monly called the Emperor's Hymn, the 63 OfTertorium, for do.,
;
op. 65 do. for
;
nationalanthem of Austria. The words soprano and tenor, with strings, 2 horns
were written by Lorenz Leopold Haschka, and organ, op. 67 ; Graduale, for tenor,
in 1796, during the patriotic fervour caused with flute, 2 clarinets, 2 bassoons, 2 horns,
by the movements of the French army, were and double-bass, op. 64 ; Ave Maria, for
(iOTT
Tenor solo and male cliorus, witli oi'gan, and composer and his
original as virtuoso ;
op. 39 ; Liebesgliick, song in dance form,music has a colour peculiar to itself. His
for a voice, with orchestra, op. 02 Con- numerous compositions, if not deep, arc full
;
cert overture, for orchestra Quintet for of novel accents and unusual rhythmical
;
pianoforte and striug.s, op. 60 Andante combinations, producing an indefinable

;
ongarese, for string quartet, op. G8 Cho- charm they are nearly all so-called charac-
; ;
ruses for male voices, op. 10, 19, 24, 32, Si, ter-pieces, and mostly of a national, espe-
35, 38, 41, 40, 09 Pianoforte music and cially Sjianish tinge, brilliant, and at times
;
songs. melancholy. W'orks Charles IX., Isaura :
GOTT 1ST GERECHT, bass aria in B- de Salerno, operas La nuit des tropicjues, ;
flat, with aecompauinient of three oboes symijliony, for grand orchestra ; j\Iontc-
and continuo, in Johanu Sebastian Bach's video, do. Grand triumphal march, for
;
cantata for Dom. I post Trinit., " O Ewig- do. Gran marcha solemnc, dedicated to
;
keit, da Donuerwort " (Bachgesellschaft, the Emperor of Brazil, for do. ; Finale con-
No. 20)published separately, with addi- certaute to the opera Charles IX., for do.
; ;
tional accoini)aniincnts by llobert Franz, by Esceuas campestres cubanas, for do. Gran ;
F. Whistling, Lcipsic, 1800. Tarantella, for do. about 90 works for pi- ;
GOTTLOB! NUN GEHT DAS JAHR list of which is to be

anoforte, a complete
ZU EXDE, soprano aria in A minor, with found in the monographs cited below, and
accompaniment of 2 oboes, taille, strings about a dozen songs. Fors, Gottschalk —
complete, and continuo, in Johann Sebas- (Havana, 1880) R. E. Peterson, Notes of a ;
tian Bach's cantata for Dom.

jiost Nativ. Pianist, etc. (Philadelphia, 1881) Octavia ;
Christi, " Gottlob Nun ! geht das Jahr zu Hensel, Life and Letters of L. M. Gottschalk
Ende " (Bachgesellschaft, No. 28) published (Boston, 1870).
;
seiârately, with additional accompaniments GOTT SEI MIR GNADIG, bass air of
by Robert Franz, by F. Whistling, Leipsic, Paulus in ]Mendelssohn's Paulus, Part I.
1860. GOTTWALD, HEINRICH, born at
GOTTSCHiiLK, LOUIS MOREAU, born Reicheubach, Silesia, Oct. 24, 1821, died in
at New Orleans, Breslau, Feb. 17, 187(). Pianist, pupil of
Louisiana, May 8, his father entered the seminary in Bres-;
1829, died at Rio lau in 1839, but soon left to study under
de Janeiro, Dec. Pixis at the Prague Conservatorium. He
18, 18G9. Pianist, became music director at Hohenelbe, Bo-
pupil in Paris of hemia, in 1844 was first horn in a theatre
;
Charles Hallo and orchestra in Vienna in 1840 retui-ned to ;
Stamaty on the Hohenelbe in 1847 settled in Breslau as

of ;
pianoforte, and of pianist, teacher, and writer, in 1857. Works

Maleden in har- Symphonies Overtures Masses Music for ; ; ;
mony; ajjpeared horn and pianoforte. Mendel, iv. 310 Er- — ;
first in public in giinz., 131 Fctis, Supjilement, i. 404.

;
1845, then made a concert tour through GOTTWALD, JOSEPH, born at Wil-
France, Switzerland, and Spain, meeting helmsthal, Glatz, Aug. 0, 1754, died in Bres-
everywhere with brilliant success. In 1853 lau, June 25, 1833. He became choir-boy
he returned to America, and made a suc- in the Dominican Church of Breslau in 1700,
cessful tour through the United States, organist of the same in 1709, organist of the
Cuba, and South America, whither he went Kreuzkirche in 1783, and of the cathedral
from San Francisco in 1805. Endowed in 1819. W'orks Masses Hynms Vespers, : ; ;
with a poetic imagination, he was equally and other church music. — Mendel ; Fetis.
GOTZE
GOTZE, HEINEICH, born Wartba, nic poem, op. 20
at Orchestr.al, pianoforte, ;
In- and vocal music.

Silesia, April 7, 183G, still living, 1889. Riemann Mendel. — ;
strumental composer, jûpil of Mosewius GOUDIJIEL, CLAUDE, born at Vaison,

and Bauingart, then at the Couservatorium, near Avignon, France, probably about 1505,
Leipsic, of Franz Gotze in singing losing killed at Lyons in the massacre on St. Bar-
;
Lis voice, Le devoted himself to teaching tholomew's Day, Aug. 24, 1572. Of his early
and composition, went first to Russia as life nothing is known he went to Rome ;
musical tutor, then lived for some years at and established a music school there, cer-
Breslau, and in 1871 became instructor tainly before 1540. Li 1555 he had returned
of music at the seminary at Liebenthal, to France, and was partner of Nicolas Du-
Silesia. Among bis comjjositions are es- chemin, book and music publisher in Paris.
pecially noteworthy two serenades, and The f)artnership was dissolved in the follow-
six sketches for string orchestra, and a ing year. In 1562 he pubhshed his set-
pianoforte trio. —
Mendel, Ergiluz., 129 ting of the Psalms in four-voice counter-
;
Riemann. point on cantus firmi taken from Calvinistic

GOTZE, JOHANN NICOLAUS KON- melodies. It is very doubtful, however, if
RAD, born at Weimar, Feb. 11, 1791, died Goudimel was himself a Protestant. His
there, Dec. 5, 1861. Violinist, piijiil in Psalms had the authorization of the Sor-
Gotba of Spobr, in Weimar of August IMiil- bonne (Oct. 16, 1561), and were actually
ler, and at the Paris Conservatoire in 1813 used in Catholic public worship. His being
of Kreutzer and Cherubini. After leaving included in the Bartholomew proscrip-
St.
the Conservatoire he settled in Weimar, tion was due to the machinations

pii'obably
making professional journeys to Vienna and of envious rivals. Goudimel wrote almost
other cities. lu 1826-48 he was director entirely for the church his works are nota-
;
of the Court Theatre at Weimar. Wôrks ble for a peculiar charm and grace of style,
Operas Der Markt, Weimar, 1819 Alex-
: ; reminding one more of Costanzo Fe.sta than
ander in Persien, ib., 1820 Das Orakel in ; of his other great contemporaries Hobrecht
Delphi, three acts, ib., 1822 Der Gallego, ; and Arcadelt. His fame as a teacher has,
four acts, ib., 1834. He wrote also the somewhat unjustly, thrown his reputation
music for several vaudevilles and melo- as a composer into the shade. Probably
dramas Overtures
; for orchestra ; Quartet no man ever formed so many great pupils,
for stringed instruments, op. 2 ; 3 other among them being Palestrina, Giovanni
quartets for do., op. 5 ; Variations for vio- Animuccia, Steffano Bettini, Giovanni ^laria
lin with accompaniment ; 3 trios for two Naniui, and Alessandro della Viola. Am- —
violins and violoncello ; Pianoforte music ;
bros, iii. 578.
Songs, etc. — Fetis ; Larousse. 1
GOLTLD, NATHANIEL (DUREN), born
GOTZE, KARL, born in Weimar in 1836, in Chelmsford (now Bedford), Jlassachu-
died at Magdeburg, Jan. 14, 1887. Dra- setts, March 26, 1781, died in Boston, May
matic composer, jûpil of T(')pfer and Geb- 28, 1864. He studied vocal music under
hardi, and later of Liszt. He became
Cor- Reubeu Emenson, established his first sing-
repetitor of the Weimar ing school in Stoddard, N. H., in 1798, and
Ojoera in 1855,
then theatre Kapellmeister in jNIagdebiu'g, for twenty years conducted singing schools
in Berlin in 1869, in Breslau in 1872, and in New Hampshire and Massachusetts. In
in Chemnitz frotu 1875. —
Works Operas 1806 his name was changed from Dureu to :
Eine Abschiedsrolle, Die Korsen, Wêimar, Gould. About 1807 was formed the Mid-
1866 Gustav Wasa, der Held des Nordens, dlesex Musical Society, of which he was
;
text by Rost, ib., 1868; Judith, Magde- conductor for several years. In 1819 be
burg, 1887. Eine Sommernacht, sympho- removed to Boston, and taught vocal music
GOFLLEY
there and in New York for ten years. Ho religious work which first brought him
then returned to Boston, wliere lie jiassed into universal notice, after one of Hullah's
the rest of his life as a i)rofessional penman. concerts in London,
He edited the followinj:; works " Social : 1851, in which jiarts
Harmony " (1S2;5) " National Church Har-
;
of his Messe so-
mony "
(1832) ;
" Sacred Minstrel " (1839) lennelle were jicr-
" Companion for the Psalmist " (1853). He formed. In the
was the author also of a book entitled same year he made
" Church Music in America." his debut at the
GOULLEY (Cioule), JACQUES NICO- Opera with Sapho,
L.\S, born at Saint-Jean du Cardounay and in 1852 was
about 1774, died at Rouen, May 30, 1818. made director of
Church composer, pupil of Cordonnier and Orpheon, the the
Broche at the Maitrise of lloueu Cathedi-al, great union of the
where I5oieldieu was his fellow pupil. Com- male singing societies and vocal schools of
posed his first mass, with orchestral accom- Paris, which iôsition he held for eight years.
paniment, at fifteen. His motet, Incipite In 1850 he won his greatest triumph with
Domino, with full orchestra, was considered Faust, which bore his fame into all coun-
a fine work. He excelled in romances for tries of Euroîe, and continues to be his
3 or i voices one of these, O ma patrie, O

; masterpiece, although his Romeo et Juliette
laon bouheur, was very j'opular. Fetis, — (1867) is ranked even higher in France.
Supplement, i. 405 Mendel, Ergiinz., 131. ; The war of 1870 caused his removal to Lon-
GOUNOD, CH.VELES (FliANCOIS), don, where he founded the choral union
born in Pari.s, June Gounod's Choir, with whom he gave con-
17, 1818, still living, certs in 1875 he returned to Paris, where,
;
1889. Dramatic after producing several new operas, the

composer; gradu- success of which never equalled that of
ated at the Lycee Faust, he devoted himself almost exclu-
Saint-Louis, and in sively to sacred composition in the larger
1836 entered the forms. Gounod's genius is eminently ele-
Couservatoii-e, where giac and jjoefic, with a tinge of mysticism ;
he became a pupil he is a consummate master of the orchestra,

of Halevy in coun- in his treatment of which he evinces consid-
'
terpoint, and of Pacr erable individuality. Member of the Insti-
and Lesueur in composition. In 1837 he tute of France ; Commander of the L. of
won the second prize for composition, and in Honour. Works — Operas : Sapho, given at
1839 the pris de Rome, with the cantata the Opera, April 10, 1851 ; La noniu; sau-
Fernand. During his three years' residence glante, Oct. 18, 1854 Le medecin malgru;
in Rome he studied the style of Palestrina, lui, opera-comique, Theatre Lyrique, Jan.
brought out a mass in S. Luigi de' Fraucesi 15, 1858 Fausl, ib., March 19, 1859, and
;
in 1841, and a Requiem in Vienna, 1842, and with considerable modifications, Opera,
after his return to Paris became organist and March 3, 1869 ; T'hilemon et Baucis, The-
raaitre de chapelle of the Missions ctrau- atre Lyrique, Feb. 18, 1860, Opera Co-
gferes. At that time he attended theologi- mique (reduced to 2 acts), 1876 ; La co-
cal lectures, and came near taking holy lombe, oj)era-comique, Baden, 1860, Opera
orders but suddenly a change took place
; Comique, June 7, 1866 La reitu; de Saba, ;
in his musical aspirations, which led him to Opera, Feb. 29, 1862 Mireille, Theatre ;
dramatic composition. It was, however, a Lyrique, March 19, 1864, Opera Comique
(;ouvY
(reduced to 4 November, 1874 Ro- nettc, do. Dodelinette, berceuse for do.
acts), ; ;
meo Theatre Ljrique, April 27, (4 hands)

et Juliette, Methode de cor a pistons. ;
1867 Cinq-'Maxs, Opera Comique, April Vocal

; 12 choruses for 3-0 voices Chceui's :
;
5, 1877; Polyeude, Opera, Oct. 7, 1878; orpheoniques, for 4 male voices Dans uue ;
Georges Daudin, not performed Le Iribut etable, chorus with orchestra Les Gaulois, ; ;
de Zamora, April 1, 1881. Other dramatic do. En avant chanson militaire, for solo ; !,
music Choruses to Ponsard's tragedy and chorus, with orchestra Chants lyriques
: ;
ilynse, Comedie Fraujaise, June 18, 1852 de Saiil Pastorale sur un Noel du dix- ; ;
do., and incidental music to Legouve's huitieme siecle, choras with orchestra
drama Les deiix reines de France, Theatre Choruses dedicated to the Albert Hall Cho-
Ventadour, Nov. 27, 1872 do. to Barbier's ral Society 20 melodies for voice and pi-
; ;
drama Jeanne d'Arc, Theatre de la Gaite, anoforte (Paris, Choudens) do., 2d col. ; ;
Nov. 8, 1873. Sacred music Mass for do., 3d col. :

;
3 voices and orchestra, Rome, 1841 Re- do., 4th col.

quiem, Vienna, St. Charles's, 1842 Messe 15 duets for ' ^
/*
/^z«,#a^ ;
; ; ^— •
•
solennelle, Paris, Saint-Eustache, 1849 do. (m o s 1 y ;

1
Missa brevis Second Requiem mass Two extracts from his operas) Biondina,
; ; ;
masses Messe du Sacre-Cceur de Jesus, 12 melodies to Italian poems by Zaf-

;
for 4 voices, chorus, orchestra, and organ, fira Many other French, English, and ;
Paris, Saint-Eustache, 1S7G Stabat Mater Italian songs. Autobiographie de Ch. Gou-
; ;
—
Tobie, oratorio Lea xept paroles dii Christ
; nod, etc. (London, W. Reeves, 1875) L'.\rt, ;
Mass, Angeli custodes Pater uoster Pvis April 1 and 8, 1877 ; Claretie, Portraits ; ;
du ileuve etranger, chorus with orchestra contemporains (Paris, 1875) Clement, ; ;
Ji'sus de Nazareth Ave verum O saluta- Mus. celebres, G24

; Fetis do., Supjile- ; ; ;
ris, for solo voice, with chorus and organ ment, i. 405 Mendel. ;
Te Deum ; Jesus sur le lac de Tiberiade, GOU\'Y, (LOUIS) THEODORE, bom,

scene for baritone solo, chorus, and orches- of French parents, atGoffontaine, near Saar-
tra, Paris, 187G Magnificat Yexilla regis
; briick, Rhenish Prussia, July 2, 1819, still
;
;
Christus factus est ; Six cautiques, for solo living in Paris, 1889. Pianist ; after a
or chorus ; Messe course of study at the Metz Gymnasium be
solennelle, Sainte-Ceeile,
Paris, 1882 La liklemplion, oratorio, went in 1840 to Paris to study law, but
;
Birmingham Festival, August, 1882 Mors gave it up for music studied composition ; ;
et vita, do., ib., 1885. Fernand under Elwart three years, then studied in
Cantatas :
(1839) A la fronti.">re, Paris, Opera, 1870 Berlin, and later in Italy fifteen months.
; ;
Gallia, biblical elegy, for chorus, soli, and In 184G he returned to Paris, where he has
orchestra, for the opening of the Literna- since resided as a teacher and composer.
tional Exhibition, London, Royal Albert He gave his first concert in Paris in 1847,
Hall, May 1, 1871. Instrumental music when the orchestra of the Theatre Italieu :
Symphony in D do. in E-tlat La reinc played his second symphony, op. 9. The
; ;
des Apotres, symphony Marche romaine Societe des Concerts of the Union Musicale
; ;
Prelude de Bach, oi-chestrated. Concert played his music in 1848 and it bad a wai-m
populairo, Dec. 8, 18G7 Meditation sur le reception, and since 1850 the difterent mu-
;
ler prelude de Bach, for soprano, violin, sical societies of Paris, notably that of Sainte-
pianoforte, Le calrae, for violin Ceeile, and the society of the young stu-
and organ ;
solo, with orchestra Romances sans pa- dents of the Conservatoire have played his
;
roles, for pianoforte 10 morceaux ori- works every year. His published and un-
;
ginaux, for do. IMarche pontificale, do. ; published works extend to op. 75, and con-
—
;
Valses, do. Couvoi funebre d'une mario- tain more than 200 uumbei-s. Works Cid,
;
:
cow
opera, 18()3 ; Aslfiga, lyric-dramaticWaterloo, directed German opera in Posen.
scene ;
Golgotha, cantata ; Stabat In 1821 he retiu-ned to Bonn, and took

Requiem jNIass ;
Mater Friililings Erwachen, for male cho- charge of his dead father's brewery in 1824,
;
rus, soprano solo, and orchestra, op. 7:5 C without giving up music entirely.
; Ho com-
symphonies for full orchestra ; 2 concert posed the oratorio, Salomo's Urtheil, the
overtures String quartets and a quintet
; cantata. An die Hoft'nung, to words by Lu<l-
;
5 pianoforte trios and one quintet 18 ser- wig, King of Bavaria, and other vocal and
;
enades for pianoforte solo Sonatas for pi- instrumental music. Mendel Fotis.
; — ;
anoforte, choruses, songs, and other iîeces (illABEN-HOFFMANN ( H o fi'm a n n )
in large —
numbers. Fotis do., Supplement, ; GUSTAV, born at
i. 410 Grove Mendel Riemann.
; ; ; Bnin, near Posen,
GOW, NEIL, born at Inver, near Dun- March 7, 1820, still
keld, Perthshire, Scotland, March 22, 1727, living, 1889. After
died there, March 1, 1807. Violinist, self- studj'ing at the semin-
taught until the ago of thirteen, when he ary of Bromberg, he
received from John Cameron, a
lessons became a teacher near
retainer of the Stewart family of Grand- and in Po.sen and in ;
tuUy. He became noted for his perform- 1843 went to Berlin

ance of Scotch tunes, especially reels and and was a pupil of tlie
strathspeys, and he performed at most of singer Stiimer. He
the fashionable balls and assemblies of bis founded a ladies' singing academy in Pots-
time, supported by his brotlier Donald on dam, studied coinpo-sition under Hauptmann
the violoncello. He published six collec- in Leipsic, settled in Dresden as teacher of
tions of strathspey reels, and A Complete singing in 1858, in Schwerin in 18G8, in
Repositoi-y of the Original Scotch Slow Berlin in 1870, and returned to Dresden in
Tunes, Strathspeys, and Dances, many of 1873 settled at Potsdam, 1885. He has ;
which were of Lis own comiiosition. His composed 95 books of songs and other mu-
four sons, Nathaniel, Andrew, John, and sic, and has written several works on vocal
William, were all violinists, and noted in instruction. His ballad, 500,000 Teufel,
their day. Nathaniel (170G-1831), pupil was very popular and often translated.
of his father, and also of R. ]\I'Intosh, Mendel Brockhaus, ix. 300 Riemann, — ; ;
M'Glashan, and J. Reinagle, edited Tlie 327 Fotis, Supplement, i. 411. ;
Beauties of Neil Gow (Edinburgh), in six GRABU (Grabut), LOUIS, French com-
books, comprising chiefly the compositions poser, living in London about 1G80. He
of Neil Gow and his sons, and several other wrote the music for Dryden's Albion and
collections of Scotch melodies. Among his Albinus, 1G85, printed in London (1G87).
airs, Caller Hcrrin'
one of the most pop-
is Choron calls him chapel-master to Charles
ular. Neil Gow, Jr. (1795-1823), son of II. and director of Covent Garden Theatre,
Nathaniel, was the composer of Cam' ye by and says that the first opera played in Lon-
Athol?, Flora Maedonald's Lament, and don, Ariadne, or the Slarriage of Bacchus
Bonnie Prince Charlie. Grove Brown. — ; (1G74), was by him, but this account has no
GR.\BELER, Pl-^TER, born in Bonn, Aug. real foundation. Fotis Buruey, Hist., iv. — ;
10, 17!IG, died there, Dec. IG, 1830. Violin- 194 Mendel. ;
ist, played when ten years old in an orches- GRADEHAND, FRIEDRICH, born at
tra of his native city learned several other Brehua, Prussian Saxony, Dec. 24, 1812,
;
instruments, and in theory was the pupil of died in Leipsic, June 2, 1842. Organi.st,
Stegmann. He became a bandmaster in jjupil at the Thomasschule, Leipsic, of
the Prussian Army, and, after the battle of Weinlig organist of the Church of St. ;
GRADENER
Georg, Leipsic. Works Sj-mphony Mo- mance for violin with orchestra. ilendel
: ; — ;
tets ; Organ pieces. — Fetis

Mendel. Riemann.
;
GRADENER, HERilANN, born at Kiel, GR.\DENTHALER (not Gnadenthaler),

Germany, May 8, 1814, still living, 1889. HIERONYMUS, German composer of the
Organist, son and pupil of Karl Griideuer, 17th century. He was organist in Ratisbon,
and at the Conservatorinm in Vienna or- and composed several collections of sacred ;
ganist at Gumpendorf (Vienna), 18G2, vio- and secular songs. Fetis Gerber, N. Lex.; — ;
linist in tbe com-t orchestra, ISfi-t, instructor Mendel.

of harmony at Horiik's pianoforte school, GRADUS AD PARNASSUM, a series of
and for some years past at the Conservato- 100 instructive studies for the pianoforte,
rium. Works : by Clementi, dedicated to the Princess
Capriccio for orchestra, op.
4 ; Eiue Lnxl- Wolkonska. Some of these exercises had
Siufonietta, for do., op. 14 ;
.s/^fV/Ouvertiire, for do., op. 28 Octet for been published previouslj', and were revised
;
strings, op. 12 Quintet for do., op. 2.3 and extended for this collection. Three
; ;
do. for pianoforte and strings, op. G Trio ; sonatas, op. 50, are dedicated to Cherubini.
for do., op. 1 5 impromptus for do., op.
; Published by Rieordi (Milan, 1817). Cle-
11; 5 intermezzi for violin and pianoforte, menti published an appendix to the Gradus,
op. 9 Sonata for two pianofortes, op. 18
; containing 134 exercises, gavottes, gigues,
Other pianoforte pieces and songs. airs with variations, etc., chiefly by other
GRADEXER, KARL G. P., born at Ros- composers, to which he wrote preludes.
tock, Jan. 14, 1812, Selections from the Gradus, for advanced
died in Hamburg, students, have been edited, with modem
June 10, 1883. fingering, by Karl Tausig. Fux wrote, un-
Studied at Halle der the same title, a treatise on comjwsition
and GiJttingen Uni- and counterpoint (^'ienna, 1725), translated
versities, and then into German by Mizler (Leipsic, 1742) Ital- ;
ado2)ted music as a ian, by Manfredi (Carpi, 1761). An English

profession. He was edition was published also, without date,
violoncellist in Hel- with a Kyrie and Amen from the ilissa Vicis-
siugfors, and uni- situdinis. —
Grove, i. 616.
versity and society GR.AESER, JOHANX CHRISTOPH
music director in GOTTFRIED, born in Arnstadt in 1766,
Kiel for ten years ; then founded a singing died at the Castle of Erbach in 1790.
academy in Hamburg in 1851, and con- He chose the clerical profession, and at his
ducted another ten years. He taught
it early death was a private tutor and a can-
singing and theoiy at the Vienna Conser- didate for the ministry. His musical abil-
vatorinm in 1862-65, when he settled in ities were demonstrated by pianoforte so-
Hamburg again as a teacher.
His works natas and songs, which he published.
are distinguished by original harmony and —Mendel, iv. 323 ; SchiUiug, iii. 285 Fe- ;
striking form. Works 2 symphonies : tis, iv. 77.

Overture to Schiller's Fieseo, op. 30 Con- ; GR.UF, CHRISTIAN ERNST, bora at
certo for pianoforte, op. 20 ; 2 quintets for Rudolstadt in 1723, died at The Hague in
do. and strings; 2 son and pupil of Johann
trios for do.; 1 sonata, 1802 (?). Violinist,
variations, fantastic studies, Fliegende Bliit- Graf, whom he succeeded as Kapellmeister
ter und Bliittchen, Trilumereien, for piano- to the court of Rudolstadt in 1762 he was ;
forte 3 sonatas for violin Sonata for vio- called to The Hague as royal Kapellmeis-
; ;
loncello ; Octet for strings, op. 49 ; 3 string ter. His name is sometimes set down in
quartets, op. 12, 17, 29 ; Trio, op. 48 ; Ro- catalogues as Chi-istian Friedrich Graat
GRAF
Works 6 symphonies for orclicstra
:
I.j GRAF, JOHANN, born in Nuremberg ;
concertos for the violin Trios for 2 vioHns towards the end of the 17th century, died in
;
and bass Duo ucononiique, op. 27 6 duos Rudolstadt about 1745. Violinist went as
; ;
;
for vioHn and viola, op. 28 2 sonatas for regimental bandmaster to Hungary, and
;
pianoforte (4 Pot-pourri, profited by several visits to Vienna.

bands), op. 29 ;
About
for do., op. 31 ;Fables, for a voice and piano- 1718 he was court musician in Mainz and
forte, op. 32 ; Sonata for violin and pianoforte, Bamberg, and finally was called to Rudol-
op. 33 ; An oratorio, performed at The Hajifue, stadt as Couzertmeister. Works : 12 Violin
July, 1802.— Fotis ; IMendel ; Schilling. sonatas ; String quartets. (Bamberg and
GK.VF, FUIEDHICH H.VRTJI.\NN (Her- Rudolstadt.).— Fetis Mendel. ;
mann), born at Uudolstadt in 1727, died at GR.A.FE, JOHANN FRIEDRICH, born

Augsburg, Aug. 10, 1795. Flute player, at Brunswick in 1711, died there, Feb. 7,
brother of the preceding, pupil of his father. 1787. Vocal composer, amateur, lived in
He entered a Dutch regiment, and was taken Halle and Leipsic, and afterwards returned
prisoner by the English at Berg-op-Zoom to his native city as chamber and post-ofKce ;
after regaining his liberty, he went to Ham- councillor. Works : Sammluugen von Oden
burg and during a stay of five years
in 179.5, mit Melodien (Halle, 1737) Oden uud ;
won reputation as flutist and composer, Schiifergedichte (Leipsic, 1744) Sonnet ;
then made a concert tour through England, (ib., 1755) Fiinfzig ; Psalme, Oden und
Holland, Germany, Switzerland, and Italy geistliche Lieder (Brunswick, 17G0) ; L'A-
was first flutist of the royal orchestra at The mour, cantata (Berlin, 1705) Sechs geist- ;
Hague, under his brother's direction, from liche Oden und Lieder (Leipsic, 1762)
1769 until 1772, when he accepted a call to Oden und Lieder (17G7-G8) and many ;
Augsburg as director of music. In 1779 he single pieces in Rich's Musikalisches Vieler-

was chai'ged with the composition of a dra- lei (Hamburg, 1770). Allgem. d. Biogr., ix. —
matic work by the director of the German 557 Fetis Gerber Mendel.
; ; ;
opera in Vienna, and while there was in- GRAFF, CARL, born at Also Eor, Hun-
vited to conduct the grand concerts of the gary, May 20, 1833, still living, 1889. Vio-
season of 1783-84 in London, whence he re- linist, studied at the Vienna Conservatori-
turned to Augsburg, to resume his olWce as um then solo violinist at the Theater an
;
Kapellmeister. The Universit}' of Oxford der Wien, and pupil of Bohm in violin and of
sent him, in 1789, the diploma of Mus. Doc, Sechter in composition. He made a concert
waiving all usual formalities. Works Die : trip in Austria, Hungary, and Turkey
Siindfluth, oratorio ; Der verlorene Sohn,
studying under Vieuxtemjis in Paris, after
do. ;Die Hirten an der Krijjpe zu Bethle- he accompanied his master on a professional
hem, do. The 29th Psalm Invocation of tour appeared in London and Paris was
; ; ; ;
Neptune and his attendant Nereids of Bri- engaged by Siwhr as first solo violinist in
tannia, cantata, London, 1784 Andromeda, Cassel in 1858 was afterwards in Mar-
; ;
heroic cantata ; .5 concertos for flute, violin, seilles, 1870 in Mentone. Works
and in
violoncello, and orchestra ; 24 concertos for Hercule, operetta Overture to Don Carlos ; ;
the flute ; 2 do. for flute d'amour 2 sym- ; Conzertstilck for violin and orchestra Fau- ;
phonies concertantes, for 2 flutes 18 quar- ; taisie dramatique, for violin and pianoforte ;
tetsfor strings 12 do., for flute and strings

;
;
3 string quartets Mass for 2 voices and or-;
2 do., for 2 flutes, viola, and bass Quartet ; gan Motets for 4 voices and organ 2 grand
; ;
for 4 flutes do. for oboe, violin, bassoon,

; fugues for organ Tantum ergo, for piano- ;
and violoncello Trios ; for 2 flutes and bass ;

forte Sonata for violin and pianoforte
; 2 ;
6 duos for flute 12 ; soli for do. —Fetis Hungarian dances fordo. Several fantasias ;
Mendel Schilling.; for violin 6 morceaux de salon, for jnauo-

;
GllAFFKiXA
forte Romances, songs, and clioi-uses. F6- chorus, soli, and orchestra Chamber music.
; — ;
tis, Supplumeut, i. 412 Mendel, Erganz., Riemann Mendel, Ergiinz., 133 Fetis,
; — ; ;
132. Supplement, i. 413.

GRAFFIGNA, ACHILLE, born in Lom- GRANARA, ANTONIO, born in Genoa,
bardy about 1817, still living, 1889. Dra- Italy, in 1809. Dramatic composer, pupil
matic composer, pupil at the Conservatorio, of Geuerali at Novara. Works — Operas :
Milan became director of the opera at Odessa

; Elisa de' Montaltieri, given in Genoa, 1832
;
in 1845 visited Pai'is in 18(35, to bring out

; Giovanni di Napoli Un' avveutura teatrale,
;
an opera, and in 1872 as impresario and or- opera buffa, Venice, 1836.— Fetis MendeL ;
chestra conductor of an ojiera troujjc, which GRAN CID, IL. See (Jul.
failed ; maestro concertatoro at the Teatro GRANCINI, :\nCHELE ANGELO, Ital-
Goldoni, in Florence, in 1875. Works Uu : ian composer of the 17th century. Organ-
lampo d' infedeltfi, Lodi. 1838 ; La conquista ist of the Church del Paradiso and subse-
di Granata, ballet, Milan, Scala, 1839 ; Ilde- (juently organist and maestro di cappella of
gonda e Riccardo, Milan, 1841 Eleouora the cathedral, Milan. When a decree of ;
di San Bonifazio, Yerona, 1842 Miguoni e Carlo Borromeo, in 1566, excluded all mar-
:
Fanfau, Florence, 1844 Gli ultimi giorni ried men from these oflSces, he obtained a
;
di Suli, Ester d' Engaddi, Odessa, 1845 ;

dispensation in recognition of his talent as
L' assedio di Malta, Udiue, 1854 La du- ; a composer. His masses, psalms, and mo-
chessadiSan Giuliano, Paris, Theatre Italieu, tets, published during his life, are in 23
1865 (formerly in Italy under the title Ve- volumes. — Fetis, iv. 81 do. Supplement, i.
;
ronica Cibo) Romances. Futis do., Sup-

; — ; 413 ; Mendel.
plement, i. 413. GR.INDE-DUCHESSE DE G]^:R0L-
GKAGNANI, FZLIPPO, born in Leghorn STEIN, LA, oi3era-bouffe in three acts and
in 1767. Distinguished guitarist and com- four tableaux, test by Henri Meilhac and
poser studied counterpoint under Luchesi,
; Ludovic Halevy, music by Offenbach, first
intending to devote himself to church com- represented at the Varietes, Paris, April 12,
position, but chance placing a guitar in his 1867. This grotesque parody, produced at
hands, he adopted it as his instrument. the time of the Exposition universelle. Lad
an immense success and obtained a Euro-
His music for guitar, alone or with other
pean celebrity. The Grande-Duchesse, re-
instruments, was iiublished in Milan, Augs-
burg, Paris. Fetis, iv. 79 — viewing her ai-my, under the command of
Mendel, iv. ;
326. General Boum, notices Fritz, a soldier of fine

GRA:\E\LAXN, carl, born at Liibeck, presence, and makes him her favoui-ite. He
March 3, 1844, stUl becomes almost at once sergeant, count, and
living, 1889. Dramatic general in chief, and succeeds Boum. A
composer, jiupil at the conspiracy is organized against him, but he
Le i p s i c CouseiTa- destroys his own good fortune by prefeiTing
torium in 18G7-71, to marry the little peasant Wanda rather
then lived in Vienna, than accept the favours of the Grande-
where he devoted him- Duchesse, and after a funny series of ad-
self to composition. ventures is succeeded by Bai'on Grog, who
Works — Operas : Der in turn gives up the command again to
Schatzgriiber ; Die Eis- ^ f
''
Gt5neral Boum.
role of the Grande- The
jungfrau Melusine, op.
; Duchesse was
by Ûle Schneider filled
24, Wiesbaden, 1875 Thusnelda, ; op. 29> the other parts were sung by Dupuis, Cou-
Dresden, 1881 Das Andreasfest ; op. 35, derc, Grenier, Kopp, Baron, Gardel, and
,
ib., 1882. Two symphonies ; Cantata for Miles Garait, Legrand, Moroshii, Veron,
(;KANJ)E
and Maucourt. An Italian opera buft'a, en- Comique, Paris, April 3, 1867. This, the
titleil II granduca di Gerolstein, by Eurico composer's first dramatic work, showed him
Beruardi, was given in Milan, 1871. —

Clu- to be the skilled and graceful musician
ineut and Larousse. which he has since proved himself.
GRANDE SYMPHONIE FUNfcBKE. GRANDVAL, MARIE FELICIE CLE-
See Sijmphonie funobre et trioniphale. MENCE DE REISET, Vicomtesse DE, boru
GRANDFOND, EUGENE, boru at Com- at the Chateau de la Cour-du-Bois (Sarthe),
piegne, France, in February, 178G. Com- France, Jan. 21, 1830, still living, 1889.
poser, pupil at the Conservatoire, under Dramatic comjsoser, studied eomjiosition
Kreutzer for violin, Bortou for liarmony; under Flotow and SaintSai-ns. Her operas
became second chef d'orchestre at the Ver- have been given in Paris under different
saillesTheatre in 1809. He ^Tote an opera, pseudonyms Caroline Blaugay, Clenieuce :
Monsieur Desbosquets, given at the Opera Valgrand, etc. Some of her church music,
Comique, 1810 concertos for violin, and notably a Stabat Mater for soli, chorus, and
;
several romances, with pianoforte. Fctis —

orchestra, was played at the Conservatoire
;
Mendel. concerts. Her chansons have also been very

GRANDI, ALESSANDRO DE'. born in popular in France. Works— Operas Le :
Venice, 16th century, died at Bergamo in sou de Lise, operetta, Paris, Boufi'es Pari-
1630. Church composer, pujiil of Giovanni siens, 1859 Les fiances de Rosa, ib.. Thea- ;
Gabrieli. He was maestro di cappella, in tre Lj'rique, 1863 La comtesse Eva, Baden, ;
1597, at the Accademia della Morte, Fer- 1864 La penitente, Paris, Opera Comique, ;
rara, subsequently at San Marco, Venice, 1868 Piccolino, ib.. Theatre Italien, 1869; ;
1617, and in 1618 maestro cantatore of the La foret, lyric scene for soli, chorus^ and or-
Ducal Seminary. Vice maestro di cappella chestra, ib., Salle Ventadoiu-, 1875 Saiute- ;
of San Marco in 1G20, he resigned this posi- Agui's, oratorio, ib., Odeon, 1876 2 masses ; ;
tion to become maestro di cappella of S. M. Stabat Mater Pater noster, for soprano, ;
Maggiore at Bergamo in 1627. Works: with organ Esquisses symphoniques, for ;
Madrigali conccrtati (Venice, 1619, 3d ed.) orchestra Suite for flute and pianoforte ; ;
Salmi per i Vespri, etc., Te Deum e Tantum Trio, op. 7 Sonata for violin and piano- ;
ergo, op. 2 (Bologna, 1607) 6 books of mo- forte, op. 8

; Concertino for violin Noc- ; ;
tets for 2-8 voices (1619-10) Messe con- turnes for pianoforte Arias, chansons, and
; ;
certate a otto voci 3 books of motets (Ven- duets.

; Fi'tis, Suppk'ment, i. 414. —
ice, 1621) Messa e Salmi (Venice, 1623)
; GRANDVAL, NICOLAS R.\GOT DE, ;
Celesti fiori Salmi brevi (1623) Messa e born in Paris in 1676, died there, Nov. 16,
; ;
salmi concertati (ib., 1630) Motetti con- 1753. He wrote music for all the popular
;
certati (ib., 1632).— F6tis Mendel Rie- comedies played in Paris at the Comedie
; ;
mann. Franâise from 1694 to 1751 became or- ;
GRANDIS, VIXCENZO DE, born at ganist of a church. His cantatas were pub-
Monte Albotto, Pontifical States, died (?). lished in 1729. Fetis do., Supplement, i. — ;
Church composer, maestro di cappella to the 414.

Duke of Modena in 1682-83, where he pro- GRANET (Grenet), born in Lyons, ,
duced the following oratoiios II nasci- France, in 1707, died in Paris in 1761.
: Lit-
mento diMosc, 1682 La cadutadi Adamo tle is known of him, and his name has been
;
;
II matrimonio di Moso. —
Futis do., Supple- preserved only because certain detractors of
;
ment, i. -113 ; Schilling. Jean Jacques Rousseau have accused him of

GR.VNDTANTE, LA, stealing from Granet the music of his Devin
opt'ra-comique,
text by Adenis and Grandvalet, music by du Village. Granet was a director of con-
Jules Massenet, represented at the Opera certs in Lyons. Works Le triomphe de :
GEAÎEK
riiarmonie, opera-ballet, text by Lefranc 3. Fetis Grove Wasielewski, Die Vio- — ; ;
de Pompignan, represented at the Aca- liue, 258.

demie Koyale de Musiqiie, May 9, 1737 ; GRASSI, FRANCESCO, church com-
Apollon, berger d'AdiuMe, opera in one poser, maestro di capj)eUa of San Giacomo
act, Opera, Paris, 1759. —
Fotis, Sapj)lemeut, degli Spagnuoli, Rome, about the end of
i. 420. the 17th century. His oratorio, II trionfo
GRANIER, LOUIS, born at Toulouse in de' Giusti, was given at the Church della
1740, died there in 1800. Violinist and Pietu in 1701. He left music in MS. Masses
:
dramatic comjsoser ; studied music in his for 4 voices ; Confitebor, Dixit, and Mis-
native city, whence he went to Bordeaux, erere, for 8 voices, and several other pieces
and, although a mere j'outli, was made mai- of church music. Fetis Mendel. — ;
tre de musique at the Oiêra a few years GRASSI, GIUSEPPE, born at Palmi,
;
later he entered the service of Prince Charles Calabria, Feb. 26, 1825, still Hving, 1889.
of Lorraine as first violin,was in Brussels, and dramatic composer, pupil of Pianist
and in 176G went to Paris, where he was Rosa Savoia, of Cai-melo Jonita, and at
Naples of a German master, and in har-
2d violin at the Ojêra for twenty j'ears, re-
tiring to his native town in 1787. He was mony and composition of Gaetano Rotondo.
made inspector of the Ojjei-a in 1780. Works Operas La vergiue del Castello, — :
Works Choruses to Racine's Athalie The- given at Naples, Teatro Nuovo, 1845 Don
: ; ;
ouis, ou le toucher, opera (with Berton and Procopio a CarditieUo, ossia n' asciuta a lu
Trial), given in Paris, Academic Roj-ale de Fusaro, ib., 1849 I tre matrimonii, ib., ;
Musique, 17G7 ; Bellerophon, do. (with Ber- 1852 ; Melodramma onore di S. Rocco,
in
ton), ib., 1773 ; Music to several divertisse- cantata, Palmi, 1840 Cantata in onore della
;
ments, and ballets ; Sonatas and other Madonna della Montagna, Radicena, 1850 ;
pieces for violin. — Fetis ; Mendel ; Schil- La guida e il solitario, cantata, Seminaria,
ling. His son Pietro is a distinguished
1857.
GRAXZIN, LOUIS, born Supplement, i. 416.
at Halle, Prus- pianist. — Fetis,
sian Saxony, about 1810, still living, 1889 (?). GRASSONI, GIOVANNI, born at An-
Organist, pupil of Naue and Niemeyer. He cona about 1819, died there, July 13, 1882.
was cantor and professor of music at Mari- Composer, was professor of singing in the
enwerder, and in 1840 went as organist to normal school of Ancona brought out a ;
Dantzic. His oratorio of Tobias was played successful opera, Matilda di Vaklelmo, at
there in 1845. Other works Te Deum Ancona, about 1850. Has been maestro di
:
;
Crucifixus, for 6 voices and organ Domine canto in many ItaUan theatres in 1875 at
; ;
salvum fac regem Organ music, and songs. Mantua. Fetis Supplement, i. 417.
; — ;
—Fetis Mendel.
; GRATZ, JOSEPH, born at Vohburg, Ba-
GRASSET, JEAN JACQUES, born in varia, Dec. 2, 1760, died in Munich, July
Paris about 17G9, died there, Aug. 25, 17, 1826. Dramatic and church composer,
1839. Violinist, pupil of Berthaume served pupU of Michael Haydn at Salzburg, and
;
in the campaigns in Germany and Italj-, but of Bertoui in Venice, whence he visited
gave all his spare time to the study of mu- the ijrincipal cities of North Italy, and re-
sic. On his return to Paris he gave con- turned to Bavaria in 1788, settling in Mu-
certs, and in 1800 was appointed professor nich. He was esteemed as a theoretician,
of the violin at the Conservatoire. In 1801- his instruction being sought by such men
29 he was chef d'orchestre at the Italian as Canuabich, Ett, Lindpaintner, and others,
Opera. "Works 3 concertos for violin, op. when they were already ripeneil artists
:
;
1, 2, 4 Duos pour deux violous, liv. 1, 2, 3, but as a composer he was exceedingly dry,
;
4, 5, op. 9 Sonate pour piano et violin, op. to which his operas Das Gespeust mit der
;
(JUAUX
Trommel, aiul Adclhcid von Veltheiin, tlc- dramatic composer, was appointed Vice-Ka-
cidoiUy rejecteil at their lir.st performance, pellmeister, and composed in rapid succes-
his oratorio, Der Tod Jesu, and his masses, sion five operas, which spread his rej)uta-
bear witness, while among his chorals, prel- tion throughout Germany. On a visit to
udes and other church music are works Brunswick, the Crown Prince of Prussia,
of acknowledged merit.— Fetis Mendel; afterwards Frederick II., persuaded the duke
;
Schilling. to release Graun, whose services he wished

(Ut.VUN, JOHAXN GOTTLIEB, born at to secure for his chapel at llheinsberg,
WahrenbrUek, Mor.seburg, about lO'JS, died whither he went in 1735, and devoted him-
in Berlin, Oct. 27, 1771. Violinist, pupil self for some time to the composition of
at the Dresden, with liis
Kreuzschule, cantatas, forwhich the Crown Prince wrote
brother, Karl Heinrich Grauu, of Grundig, the text in French verse. On the accession
in singing and of Petzold on the organ and of Frederick II. he was sent to Italy to en-
pianoforte studied the violin under Pisen-
;
gage singers for the king's favourite project
del, and in Padua under Tartini. In 172G of establishing Italian opera in Berlin.
he was in the service of the court at Merse- Having acquitted himself of this task, and
burg, in1727 of the Prince of "Waldeck, also having earned great applause as a
and in 1728 was Couzertmeister to the singer in the principal cities of Italy, ho
Crown Prince of Prussia (Frederick the was ai^pointed Kapellmeister, and during
Great) at llheinsberg, and in 17-40 occupied his long service composed 28 operas, which,
the same position in the royal chajjel. with those of Hasse, were performed almost
Works 40 symphonies
: 20 violin con- exclusively at that time in Berlin. Inti-
;
certos 24 string quartets String trios, etc. mately as his life is connected with the his-
; ;
— Allgem. d. Biogr., ix. 600 "Wasielewski, tory of the opera, his importance increases
;
Die Violine, 165 Dubourg, The Violin, in his church compositions, among which
;
228 Mendel Fetis.

; ; the Passion oratorio, Der Tod Jesu, has kept
GR.\UN, KARL HEINRICH, born at his fame alive to this day, and although
Wahreubriick, Prus- somewhat overrated, in siîte of its high
sian Saxony, May 7, merit, will probably continue so to do for fu-
1701, died in Ber- ture generations. His harmony was singu-
lin, Aug. 8, 1759. larly pure, and in all his works prevailed the
Church and dra- most perfect system of modulation in melo- ;
matic c o m po s e r dious effects he has few equals, and while

Gifted as a boy with his vocal compositions lack tire they never
a remarkable so- fail in pleasing and tender expression,
prano voice, he was stamping especially his adagios as master-
instructed in singing pieces, which perfectly correspond to his
by Cantor Grundig, affable and loving character. Works Op- —
and on the organ and pianoforte by Chris- eras Pullidoro, given at Brunswick, 1726
:
tian Petzold, at the Kreuzschule in Dres- Sancio e Sinilda, ib., 1727 Itigeuia in ;
den, where he obtained a position in the Aulide (in German), ib., 1729 Scipio Afri- ;
city choir. While his voice was changing canus (do.), ib., 1730 Timareta, ib., 1733
; ;
into a tenor he studied composition under Faraone (with German recitatives and Ital-
Johann Christoph Schmidt, and formed his ian arias), ib. ; Lo specchio della fedelta,
taste by frequent attendance at the opera, Potsdam, 1733 ; 1741
Rudelinda, Berlin, ;
then under the direction of Lotti. In 1725 Cleopatra, 1742; Arlafferse, ib., 1743;
ib.,
he was engaged for the opera at Brunswick, Gatone in Utica, ib., 1744; Alessandro uell'
where within one year he won success as a Indie, Lucio Papirio, ib., 1745 Adriano in ;
GIlAUPXEll
Siria, Drmofoonte, ib., 174C C.ijo Fabrizio,
Bestiindigkeit besiegt Be-
; mach, ib., 1711 ;
ib., 174:7 ; Lo feste galante, Galatea, pastor-

Eight Partliien fiirKlavier trug, ib., 1719.
al (with Frederick II., Qiiantz, and Nischel- (1718) Monatliche Klavierfriichte (1722) ;
;
niann), Cinna, ib., 17-4:8 Europa galante, 8 Parthien fiir das Klavier (1726) Die vier
;
;
ib., 1749 Angelica e Medoro, Coriolano, Jahreszeiten (1733)

; Hessen-Darmstiidti- ;
ib., 1750 Medonte, Mitridate, ib., 1751 sches Choralbuch. In manuscript: About
; ;
Armida, Britannico, ib., 1752 Orfeo, 11 1,300 figured chorals and pieces for the ;
giudizio di Paride, Silla (text by Frederic Schlos.skirche in Darmstadt 194 Tafelmu- ;
II.), il)., 1753 Semiramide, ib., 1754

; siken, 144 symphonies, and 80 overtures for ;
Montezuma, Ezio, ib., 1755 ; I fratelli ne- pianoforte and other instruments ; 50 con-
mici, Merojw, ib., 1756. Der Tod Jesu, ora- certos for various instniments ; trios and
performed in Berlin Cathedral,
torio, first sonatas for pianoforte, strings, and wind in-
iMarch 26, 1755 Lavinia e Turno, cantata
; ;
struments. His manuscripts are in the court
Tc. Deum, with chorus and orchestra, on musical library of Darmstadt. Allgem. d. —
the victory near Prague, 1756 About 25 ; Biogi-., ix. 609 Mendel Mattheson, Ehren-
; ;
church cantatas, with orchestra 2 passion ; pforte, 410, autobiographical ; Fetis ; Win-
cantatas Mass About 20 Latin motets,
; ; terfeld, Der evang. Kirchengesang, iii. 502.
for 4 voices a cappella church melodies ; GR.iVRAND (Graverand), JACQUES
for every day in the year (two years) Col- ; FR.VNCOIS URB.AIN, born at Caen, France,
lection of odes 3 collections of concertos
; April 2, 1770, died there, July 16, 18.54.
for the flute, with other instruments ; 12 Violinist, pupil of Queru, then in Paris of
concertos for hai'psichord, with string in- Baillot after having been violinist in the ;
—
struments etc. Allgem. d. Biogr., ix. 607; theatre orchestra at Caen for sevei-al years,
;
Allgem. mus. Zeitg., i. seq. Hiller, Lebens- he became chef d'orchestre. Works 7 col-
; :
beschreibungen beri'ihmter Musikgelehrten, lections of duos for violin, op. 1-5, 7, 8 3 ;
etc. (Leipsic, 1784). trios for 2 violins and violoncello, op. 6.
GR.A.UPNER, CHRISTOPH, born at — Fetis.

Kirehberg, Saxony, January, 1683, died at GRAZIANI (Gratiani), BONIFACIO,
Darmstadt, May
Dramatic com- born at Marino, near Rome, in 1605, died
10, 1760.
poser, pupil at the Thomasschule in Leipsic there, June 15, 1664. Church composer,
of Kuhnau then studied law, but was
; maestro di cappella of the Jesuit church in
driven by the Swedish invasion of 1706 to Rome. He left a quantitj- of church music,
Hamburg, where he acted as accompanist published after his death by his brother,
to the opera under Keiser. He was ap- consisting of motets for one, two, and six
pointed Vice-Kapellmeister at Darmstadt in voices Salmi for five voices, etc. Mas.ses ; ;
1710, Kapellmeister in 1711, and did much Litanies etc., in all twent}--four works, from ;
to elevate musical taste. During the last 1652 to 1678.— Fi'tis Riemann ]\Iendel. ; ;
ten j-ears of his life he was blind. He was GR.AZLANI, Padre TOMMASO, born at
wonderfully industrious in composition, Bagnacavallo, near Ravenna, Italy lived in ;
working sometimes days and nights, and the latter part of the 16th and beginning
he engraved some of his own pieces. He of the 17th century. He was a Franciscan
devoted himself later almost exclusively to monk, and became maestro di cappella of
church music. Works Operas —
Dido, the convent of his order in Jlilan. Works : :
Hamburg, 1707 Die lustige Hochzeit Five-part masses (1569) Four-part vesper
; ;
(with Keiser), ib., 1708 Herkules iind psalms (1587) Five-part madrigals (1588)
; ;
Theseus, Antinrhiis und Stratonice, Bellero- Eight-part do. (1601) ; Sinfonie pertinaci,
phon, ib., 1708 ; Simson, ib., 1709 ; Bere- litanie a 4, 5, 6 c 8 voci (1617) ; Responses
nice und Lucio, Darmstadt, 1710 ; Tele- (1627). — Mendel ; Riemann ; Fctis.
GEAZIOLl
GRAZIOLI, GIOVANNI BATTISTA, at Birmingham, as well as those at York,
born ill Venice about 1755, dieil there in Derby, and elsewhere. Greatorex was the
1820. whom lie foremost organist of his time, and of consid-
Organist, pupil of Bertoni,
assisted in 1778. succeeded Doinenico erable scientific attainments. He published
He
Bettoni at San Marco in 1782. His sonatas a collection of psalm tunes harmonized for
for harpsichord and violin, etc., were pub- four voices, and a few harmonized airs and ;
Germany.— Fotis Jleiidel.

lished iu ;
accompaniments for
composed orchestral
GKAZZINI, REGIN.ALDO, born at Flor- many pieces for the Ancient and Vocal Con-
ence, Italy, Oct. 15, 18-18, still living, 1889. certs which are still in MS. His .son,
Instrumental and vocal composer, pupil of Henry Wellington Greatorex (born at Bur-
Teodulo Mabelliiii at the Conservatorio, ton-on-Treut, 1811, died in Charleston,
Florence became director of the Conserva- South Carolina, Sept. 10, 1858), went to
;
torio, and maestro di cappella of the theatre New York in 1839 and was organist of Cal-
at Reggio d' Eiuilio in 1881, and professor vary Church, of St. Paul's Chapel, and later
and artistic director of the Liceo Benedetto of a church iu Hartford, Connecticut. He
Marcello, at Venice, iu 1882. Works Can- published some church music and compiled
:
tata biblica, 1875 Mass for 3 voices, 1882 The Greatorex Collection (Hartford, 1851).
; ;
Symphonies Pianoforte
; music Opera He was the husband of Eliza Greatorex, the
;
(MS.). —
Kiemann. artist. Grove Brov/n Harmonicon, 1831, — ; ;
GREAT DAGON HAS SUBDUED OUR 231.

FOE, tenor air and chorus in G major, in GRE.VVES, THOMAS, English lutist and
Handel's ,S'hw.sy<», Part IH. composer, beginning of the 17tli century.
GRKATHEED, SAMUEL STEPHEN- He published, in 1G04 " Songs of Sundrie
:
SON, born near Weston-super-Mare, Eng- Kindes ; first. Aires to be sung to the Lute
land, Feb. 22, 1813, still living, 1889. or Base VioU. Next, Songs of Sadnesse for
Church composer, rector of Corringham, the Viols and Voyces. Lastly, Madrigalles
Sussex. B.A. Cambridge, 1835 M.A. for five Voyces." It consists of 21 pieces, 15
;
1838. Works: Enoch's Prophecy, oratorio, songs, and C madrigals. Nothing is known
1852 Communion services Anthems, etc. of his history. Grove.
; ; —
GREATOREX, THOMAS, born at North GREBER, JACOB, lived in the latter
Wingfield, Derbyshire, England, Oct. 5, part of the 17th and first part of the 18th
1758, died in London, July 18, 1831. Or- century. He went to London about 1703,
ganist, pupil of Dr. Benjamin Cooke in and aided in the introduction of Italian
1772. He found a patron in the Earl of opera. Madame Pepuseh was one of his
Sandwich in 1774, and assisted at the ora- pupils. Works— Operas The Loves of Er- :
torios given by Joah Bates at Hinchinbrook gasto, melodrama, given at the Haymarket
House in 1774, 1775, 1776. In 1780-84 he Theatre, London, 1705 The Temple of ;
was organist of Carlisle Cathedral, and in Love, ib., 170G.— Mendel Fetis Burney, ; ;
178G-88 visited Italy and the Netherlands. Hist, of Music, iv. 200 Hawkins, Hist, of ;
He established himself as a teacher in Lon- Music, v. 154.

don iu 1789, and succeeded Bates on his re- GREENE, MAURICE, born in London
tirement, in 1793, as conductor of the Con- about 1G9G, died there, Sept. 1, 1755. Or-
cert of Ancient Music. In 1801 he joined ganist, chorister in St. Paul's Cathedral
Knyvctt, Harrison, and Bartleman in reviv- under Charles King, afterwards articled to
ing the Vocal Concerts, in 1819 succeeded Richard Briud, organist of the cathedral.
George Ebenezer Williams as organist of He soon distinguished himself, and suc-
Westminster Abbey, and was conductor ceeded Daniel Purcell as organist of St. 1
nianv vears of the triennial musical festivals Andrew's, Holborn, in 1717, being at the
'
GREEN SLEEVES
same time organist of St. Dunstan's in 667 ; Barrett, English Church Composers,
the West, Fleet Street ou the death of ; 117.
Brind, in 1718, he became organist of St. GREENSLEEVES, English ballad and
Paul's, and in 1727 organist and composer tune of the 16th century, probably as old as
to the Chapel Koyal. He was intimate with the reign of Henry VIH. The tune is still to
Handel and Bononcini. When the latter be heard in London streets with the old bur-
was expelled from the Acaelemy, Greene, den, " Which nobody can deny." It is the air
believing or aflecting to believe that his also of " Christmas comes but once a year,"
friend had been unjustly treated, also with- and many other songs. In the civil wars it
drew from it, and, in conjunction with Fest- was one of the party tunes of the Cavaliers,
ing the violinist, established a rival concert who had many songs to it, especially "The
at the Apollo Rooms. In 1730 he was Blacksmith," and "The Brewer," or "Old
elected professor of music in the University Noll, the Brewer of Huntingdon," I'efemng
of Cambridge to succeed Dr. Tudway, and to Cromwell. Shakesjjeare mentions it in
received the degree of Mus. Doc. He suc- the " Merry Wives of Windsor " (ii.. Scene
ceeded John Eccles as master of the king's 1 v.. Scene 7), Beaumont and Fletcher in ;
band in 1735, and wrote many odes for the " The Loyal Subject," and it was introduced
king's birthdays and New Year's Day. His in " The Beggars' Opera." Chappell, Music —
reputation rests mainly on his Forty Select of Olden Time, 227.
Anthems (17-13), a work which places him GREGOIR, EDOUARD GEORGES
among the best of the English church com- JAC(ÛES, born at Turnhout, Belgium,
posers. In 1750 he began the formation Nov. 27, 1822, still living, 1889. Pianist,
of a collection of the best English cathedral brother of Jacques Mathieu Joseph Gregoir,
music in score, which, left unfinished at pupil in Bieberich of Rummel on the piano-
his death, was completed by Dr. Boyce un- forte. He gave concerts in London in 1841
der the title of " Cathedral
with the violinists Teresa and Maria Mila-
Music." He
was one of the founders of the Society of nollo went to Amsterdam in 1847, to Paris ;
Musicians. Works ]\Iusic to Pope's Ode in 1849, and in the same year became profes-
:
on St. Cecilia's Day (1730) Odes for King's sor at Lierre, and later at Antwerp, where he
;
Birthday and New Year's Day (1730) Par- undertook the task of reforming the meth- ;
aphrase on part of the Song of Deborah and ods for teaching music in the government
Barak (1732) Jephthah, oratorio (1737)
; schools and institutions of Belgium. Works
Florimel, or Love's Revenge, dramatic pas- Les Croisades, symphonic historique, Ant-
toral (1737) Addison's ode, The Spacious werp, 1846
; La vie, drame lyrique, Ant- ;
Firmament (1837) The Judgment of Her- werp, 1848 Le Deluge, oratorio sympho-
; ;
cules, masque (1740) The Force of Truth, nique, AntwerjJ, 1849 Marguerite d'Au-
; ;
oratorio (1714) Phcebe, pastoral opera triche, grand opera, Antwerp, 1850
; De ;
(1748) ; Spencer's Amoretti, for voice, harp- Belgen in 1848, drame national avee ouver-
sichord, and violin ; The Chaplet, collection ture, airs, duos, chceurs, Brussels, 1851 ;
of twelve English songs Catches and can- La derniere nuit du comte d'Egmont,
;
ons for three and four voices 2 books, Brussels, 1851 Leicester, drame mele de
; ;
each containing a cantata and four English musique, Brussels, 1854 Willem Beukels, ;
songs Church service in C (1737) Forty opera-comique flamand, Brussels, 1856

; ;
select anthems in score for 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, G, 7, Willem de Zwyger, opera-comique, 1856 ;
and 8 voices London, 1743) Te

(2 vols., ; La Bourbonnaise, opera-comique,
belle
Deum in D (1745) Anthems, many in MS.;; about 1860. He has published also a Mi-
Organ voluntaries Harpsichord lessons, ; thode theorique d'orgue and two Îi'thodes
—
etc. Grove Fetis Buruey, History, iv.
; ; de ^lusiques, besides more than a hundred
(iiiEriOTrv
and finally settled in Brussels in 1850, making

choruses for male voices ; orfjan ijimio-
forte music ; collections of songs a collec- occasional professional journeys to other

;
tion of pieces for tlie liarmonium violin countries. Among his best works are his
;
music, and several very poinilar songs. He pianoforte compositions, which number
is also a contributor to musical periodicals more
than one hundred. Works Marche :
Leo-
and the author of historical works, among solennelle, for the 25th anniversary of
which are : Essai historique sur la musique pold's reign Marche triomphale, for the ;
et les niusiciens dans les l\vs-13as (Brussels, marriage festivities of the Due de Brabant ;
18G1) ; Galerie biographique des artistes- Aux manes de Meyerbeer, marche funM)re ;
musiciens beiges du xviii. et du xix. siecle Concerto, op. 10 Poosies musicales Com-
; ;
(18G2, new Notice sur I'origine positions nouvclles en forme dVHudes, op.
cd., 188r)) ;
du compositeur Louis van Beetho- GG ; L'etude du diable Etudes de moyenne

ci'lebre ;
ven (18G3) Les artistes-musiciens ueerlan- force 24 rtudes de style et d'expression, 4

;
;
dais (18G4); Histoire de I'orgue (18G5) books, op. 101 Etudes de style et de meca- ;
Notice biographique d'Adrian Willaert nisme,. 4 books, op. 99 Six morceaux de ;

;
Documents historiques relatifs a I'art mu- salon, op. 98 etc. Fetis, Supplement, ; — i.
sical et aux artistes-musiciens (-1 vols., 1872- 418.

7G) ;Phantlu'on musical populairc (G vols., GREGOR, CHRISTIAN, born at Dirs-
1876-77) Bibliothocpie musicale populaire dorf, Silesia, Jan. 1, 1723, died at Berthels-
;
(3 vols., 1877-79) Notice biographique sur dorf, Nov. G, 1801.

;
Organist, joined the
F. J. Gosse dit Gossec (1878) L'art musical Moravian Brotherhood in 1742, and was ap-
;
en Belgique sous les ri'gnes de Leopold pointed Bishop of the Briiderkirche at Ber-
I. et Luopold II. (1879) Des gloires de thelsdorf. He was organist, teacher, and
;
rOpc'ra et la musique a Paris (3 vols., 1880- music director for the order, and composed
8-). —
Fetis, Supplenieut, i. 418 Riemanu many songs for them, besides editing a
; ;
Larousse. Choralbuch.— Mendel, iv. 343.

GEEGOIR, JACQUES MATHIEU JO- GREGORIO, ANNIBALE, born at Siena
SEPH, born in Antwerp, Jan. 18, about the end of the IGth century. He
1817,
died in Brussels, Oct. 29, 187G. Pianist, was maestro di cappella of the cathedral of
showed a precocious taste for music, and that city and member of the Accademia
plaj'ed a difficult concerto by Dussek in degli Intronati. Works Madrigals (Venice,
:
public at the age of eight. He 1G20).—Fe-

studied the 1G17) ; Church music (Siena,
organ under Homans and after the Revolu- tis Mendel. ;
tion of 1830 Ijecame a p\ipil at the Paris GREISEN, ALBERT, born in Frankfort-
Conservatoire of Henri Herz, and subse- on-the-Oder, April 24, 1814, died in Ber-
quently went to Germany with his brother lin, April 11, 183G. His compositions at-
Edouard, and studied under Rummel. On tracted the notice of Zelter, who took him
liis return to Antwerp, in 1837, he played at to Berlin after his master's death he be- ;
several concerts, and became widely known came the pupil of Rungenhagen at the nui-
for his compositions. At this period he sic school of the Academj'. He composed
brought out a Lauda Sion, for chorus and an oratorio, a symphony, and some chamber
orchestra, a musical poem, Faust (1847) music— Mendel.
and an opera, Le gondolier de Venise, GREITH, IvARL, born at Aarau, Swit-
Antwei-p, 1848. He was at that time chef zerland, Feb. 21, 1828, died in Munich, Nov.
d'orchesti-e of the royal theatre, and di- 17, 1887. Son and pupil of Joseph Greith ;
rector of a German choral society. He studied in Munich under C. Ett and in

went to Brussels in 1848, became professor Augsburg under C. L. Drobiscli. He be-
in an English school at Bruges in 1849, and came music teacher of schools and director
GllELL
of singing societies in St. Gall, taught iu (1833). — Rieniann ; Îcndel ; Brockhaus ;
l''raukfort-on-tlie-51aiu for several years Fetis, iv. 98 ; do., Supplement, i. 420.

from 1854, and was professor iu the College GRENET. See Granct.
ofMaria Hilf iu Schwytz. In 18G1 be took GHENIER, FELIX, born at Marseilles,
Lis father's place as choirmaster of the St. Sept. 27, 1844, still living, 1889. Amateur
Gall Cathedral, and after ten years settled instrumental and vocal composer, pupil of
as a composer and critic in Munich, where Heckmauu, au iUsatian organist, became u
he subsequently became Kapellmeister of lawyer, but still studied music in Paris
the cathedral. Works Der heilige Gallus, under Labarre, Boely, and Franchonuue.
:
oratorio, Winterthur, 18-li) I'rauenherz, He has lived in Nice since 1869.

; His songs
melodrama, Die Waise aus Gcuf, do., both and music are well known, and some of his
at St. Gall, about 1850 Symphony, ib., ; choruses have been very jjopular. He Las
and Basel l{e(juiem (Wiuterthur, 1857)
;
; translated several German works on music,
7 vocal masses 5 instrumental masses
; published works on Sebastian ; and has
Litauies Motets Many songs to the Holy
; ; Mendelssohn, and other German Bach,
Virgin, etc. (since 18G'2) 3 Singspiele musicians. Principal works La Roussalka,
; :
Jung Rubens, Der jMutter Lied, Der verzau- opera (not performed) Trio for strings, ;
berte Frosch (Munich, since 1871) Two- op. 1 do. for jjianoforte and strings, op.
; ;
part songs for female chorus (ib.). — Men-

Quartet for pianoforte and strings, op. 3 ;
del. 4 2 quartets for strings, op. 5 and 13 ;

;
GEELL, EDUARD (AUGUST), boru iu 3 preludes and fugues for pianoforte, op.
Berlin, Nov. 6, 1800, died at Steglitz, near 15 12 songs for soprano, op. 2 6 songs, ; ;
Berlin, Aug. 10, 1886. Organist, pupil of his ojj. 7; 4 do., oj). 8 ; Four-part songs ; Cho-
father, of Kaufmanu, Ritschl, and Zelter ruses for Racine's Esther, 4 female
for
became organist of the Nikolaikirche in voices ; Mass for 4 voices ; The 49th psalm
Berlin in ISIG entered the Singakademie for double chorus, and orchestra. Fetis,
; —
iu 1817, and was made vice-director of it Supplement, i. 421 Mendel, Ergiinz., 135. ;
in 1832. In 1839 he was appointed court GRENIER, G.VBRIEL, lived in Paris,

organist of the cathedral, in 1811 a last half of the 18th century. mem-
Hari)ist, pub-
ber of the Bcrliu Academy,
1813 lished romances with harp accompaniment,
iu
teacher of the cathedral choir, and, after 1793 Harp sonatas, and harp and violin ;
Rungcnhagens death iu 1851, teacher of music. Fetis Mendel. — ;
the composition school of the Academy. GRESNICH (not Gresnick), ANTOINE

He was also a member of the senate of the FREDERIC, boru iu Liege, March 2, 1755,
Academy, and first director of the Sing- died iu Paris, Oct. 16, 1799. Dramatic
akademie became professor iu 1858, and composer, pupil at the College Liegeois,
;
received the order pour le merite iu 1864. Rome, aud subsequently in Najslos of Sala ;
He reliuquished the direction of the Sing- wrote operas for that city before 1780 went ;
akademie iu 1876. the Berlin to London some time before 1784, again iu
In 1883
University conferred onhim the honorary 1785, was chosen director of nuisic by the
degree of doctor of philosophy. Works Prince of Wales in 1786, returned to Paris
Die hraclilen in der . ^
iu 1791, was iu Lyons as chef d'orchestre
Wiiste, oratorio Mass ^'^ of the Grand Theatre iu 1793 his L' Amour ;
^J'-O-ajd)
;
for 16 voices ; Over- a Cythere, brought out there iu that year,

ture for orchestra ; Organ pi-eludes ; Mo- was played also at six of the Paris theatres
tets, hymns, and many
cantatas, psalms, in the same year, aud made him famous.
songs Four-part arrangement of the cho-
; Works— Operas: Francese bizzarro, opera
II
ral melodies of the Evangelical GesauRbuch bulla, Savona, 1784 Demetrio, Alessaudro ;
GRESSLER
neir Indie, La donuanmore, Lon- the arrival in Liege of an Italian opera com-
di cattivo
don, 1785 ; Alceste,L' Amour a pany, he took to comjjosing, and showed

ib., 178() ;
Cytbere, Lyons, 1793 Le savoir-faire, Les ;

such talent that his
petits commissionuaires, Paris, Theatre de ^^'ji '''fSi'M, family procured him
la rue de Louvois, 1795 fiponine et Sa- ;

good instruction. He
binus, Les faux mendiauts, Le baiser donne studied harmony un-
et rendu, ib., 179G Les extravagances de
;
der Renekin the or-
la vieillesse, Theatre Montansier, 179G La ; ganist, and counter-
Forot de Sicile, ou la prison
Le petit page, point under Jloreau ;
d'etat, Les faux monnoyeurs, ou la ven- but it was too late to
geance, Le tuteur original, ib., 1797 La ; expect patient study,

grotte des Covennes, ib., 1798 L'heureux ; and he spent most of
proci's, ou Alphonse et Lt'ouore, Theatre hi.s time in composing. Six little symphonies
Feydeau, 1798 ; La tourterelle dans les by him were produced at Lii'ge in 1758, and
bois, Rencontres sur rencontres, Thufitre a four-voice mass in 1759, with such success
Montansier, 1799 Le rOve, Thi'atre Favart,
; that the Chanoine du Harlez sent him to
1799 Leonidas, ou les Spartiates (with Per-
; Rome, where he studied couiiterjioint four
suis). Opera, 1799 ; iSymj)houie coucertaute or five years under Casali, but he never be-
for clarinet and bassoon, with orchestra, came a good harmonist, nor a contrapuntist.
Paris, Concerts de Feydeau, 1797 Ariet- ; His genius was purely dramatic and expres-
tas, romances, duos, etc. Pougin, Gresuick — sive. Some smaller compositions, notably
(Paris, 1862) ; Fetis ; do.. Supplement, i. an intermezzo, Le Vendemmiatrici, met
421; Mendel; Schilling. with success at Rome, but when he saw the
GRESSLER, FRANZ ALBERT, born at score of Monsigny's Rose et Colas, he be-
Suiza, Thuringia, Dec. 1-i, 1804, still living, gan to feel that French opera-comique was
1889. Son of Friedricli Salomon Gressler ; to be his real vocation. In 1767 he went to
finished his musical education in the Erfurt Geneva, and, failing to get Voltaire to write
Seminary under M. G. Fischer, L. E. Geb- him a libretto, set to work to write new mu-
hardi, and J. J. MiiUer became teacher in sic to Favart 's Isabelle et Gertrude, which
;
a family in 182(5, and from 1827 taught in he brought out with great success the same
schools in Erfurt. Composed pianoforte year at Geneva. By Voltaire's advice he
—
and organ music and songs. Mendel then went to Paris, where two years were ;
Ersch uud Gruber, i. Section, xc. 246. thrown away in vain solicitations for a li-
GRESSLER, FRIEDRICH SALOMON, bretto, until at last Du Rosoy confided to
organist at Triptis, near Mei-ssen, in 1780. him his Les mariages Samnites. The first
From 1791 he was cantor, organist, and rehearsals of the music at the house of the
teacher at Sidza in Thuringia. Composed Prince de Conti, in jn-esence of the court,
pianoforte pieces and songs. —
Mendel, iv. persuaded almost everyone that the com-
355 Ersch und Gruber, i. Section, xc. 246. poser had no talent for dramatic composi-
;
GRfiTRY, ANDRE (ERNEST MO- tion but Count Creutz, the Swedish min- ;
DESTE), born at Liege, Feb. 8, 1741, died ister, thought otherwise, and, taking Gretry
at " I'Ermitage " (formerly Rousseau's coun- under his protection, prevailed upon Mar-
try house), near- Montmorency, Sept. 24, montel to confide to him his comedy, Le
1813. The son of a poor violinist, he en- Huron. This work was given, Aug. 20,
tered the choir of Saint-Denis at the age 1768, with the most overwhelming success.
of six, but was dismissed as incapable, and Lucile appeared a few months later, and
put under one Leclerc, who made him a with Le tableau parlaut (1769) Gretry's po-
proficient reader of music. Inspired by sition in the foremost rank of French com-
GRllTRY
posers was He
continued pro- Fontainebleau, 1771, Paris, Theatre Italien,
established.
ducing opera after opera, until very near the 1771 11. Le magnitique, Paris, Theatre
;
time of his death. The most famous of his Italien, 1773 12. Cephale et Procris, lyric ;
works are Le tableau parlant, Zemire et tragedy, Versailles, 1773, Paris, Academic,
Azor, L'amant jaloux, LV'preuve village- 1775 ; 13. La rosiere de Salency, Theatre
oise, and Richard CcEur de Lion, which last Italien, 1774 ; 14. La fausse Magie, Come-
must be accounted as his masterpiece. In die Italienne ; do., 1 act, ib., 1776 ; 15.
1784 the Prince-Bishop of Liege made him Les manager Samnites, ib., 1776 ; 16. Jla-
lirivy-councillor. In 1795 he was admitted I
troco, Fontainebleau, 1777, Paris, Theatre
to the Institut, and in 1802 Napoleon made j
Italien, 1778 ; 17. Les trois ages de I'Opera,
him chevalier of the Legion of Honour. I prologue in Academic Royale
1 act, Paris,
He was appointed also one of the inspectors de Musique, 1778 18. Le jugement de ;
of the Conservatoire on its foundation, but Midas, Comedie Italienne, 1778 19. Les ;
held the office for only a year. His funeral i

fausses apparences, ou Vamant jaloux, Vei'-
at Paris (Sept. 27, 1813) was splendid, and sailles, Nov. 20, Paris, Dec. 23, 1778 ;
Bouilly and Mehul pronounced eulogies 20. Les evunements imprevus, Versailles,
over his grave. Grctry's genius, which was I
Nov. 11, Paris, Theatre Italien, Nov. 13,
epoch-making in the annals of French comic j
1779 ;21. Amlromaqiif, Paris, Academic
opera, was essentially melodic and dramatic. j
Royale de Musique, 1780 22. Emilie, ib., ;
He was little of a harmonist, as he himself j

1781 23. Colinette a la com-, ou la double
;
knew very well, and was wholly at a loss '
e^jreuve, ib., 1782 24. L'erabarras des ;
when he tried to step out of the limited ricbesses, ib., 1782 25. Thalie au nouveau ;
frame of opera-comique. His accompani- theatre, Comudie Italienne, 1783 26. La ;
ments were in general very meagre, and caravane du Caire, Fontainebleau, Oct. 30,
although he showed that, when be aimed 1783, Paris, Academic Royale de Musique,
at orchestral eSects, he knew how to handle Jan. 15, Theodore et Paulin,
1784; 27.
the orchestra intelligently and cleverly, he Theatre Italien, 18, 1784; do., as March
rarelj' attempted anything of the sort. li'epreuve villageoise, ib., June 24, 1784 ;
Graceful melody and, especially, expressive 28. liichnrd Cosur de Lion, Paris, by the
and dramatic declamation were bis forte. comediens ordinaires du roi, Oct. 21, 1784 ;
His theatrical sense was of the keenest, and do., 4 acts, Dec. 21, 1785 do., 3 acts, ;
he has rarely been surpassed as a delineator Dec. 29, 1786 29. Panurge dans I'lle des
;
of character his comic power was also very

; Lanterues, OiJera, 1785 ; 30. La nouvelle
remarkable, and bis admirers have culled amitie a I'^preuve, Comedie Italienne,
him the "Moliore of music." Works Op- — Les meprises par resserablance,
1786 ; 31.
eras : 1. Le Vendemmiatrici, intermezzo, Paris, Comedie Italienne,
Fontainebleau,
Rome, Teatro Aliberti, 17G5 ; 2. Isabelle et Nov. 16, 1786 32. Le comte d'Albert, ;
Gertrude, Geneva, 17G7 3. ; Le Huron, Fontainebleau, Nov. 13, 1786, Paris, Come-
Paris, Theatre Italien, 1768 4. Lucile,; die Italienne, Feb. 8, 1787 ; 33. La suite
ib., 1769 5. Le tableidt parlant, ib., 1769
;
;
du comte d'Albert, Paris, Comedie Italienne,
6. Si/lvain, ib., 1770 7. Les deux Avares,
; 1787 ; 34. Le prisonnier anglais, ib., 1787 ;
Fontainebleau, 1770, Paris, Comcdie Ita- 35. Le rival confident, ib.,1788 36. Am- ;
lienne, 1770 8. L'amitie a

; lY'preuve, 2 phijlrion, Academic Royale de Musique,
acts, Fontainebleau, 1770, Paris, Theatre 1788 ; 37. Raoul Barbe-Bleue, Comedie
Italien, 1771 do., 3 acts, Fontainebleau,
; Italienne,1789 38. Aspasie, Opera, 1789
;
Oct. 24, and Paris, Oct. 30, 1783 9. L'a/»i! ;

Grand, Comedie Italienne, 1790
39. P((??Ttile ;
de la maisou, Fontainebleau, Oct. 26, 1771, 40. Guillaume Tell, ib., 1791 41. Cecile ;
Paris, March 14, 1772 10. Zunirc et Azor,

; et Dermance, ib., 1792 42. Busile, ou a ;
greOlicii
trompeur, trompeur et demi, Opt'ra Co- tutor in a noble family of Warsaw. He
niique, 1792 43. Clarice et Belton (altered visited Weimar, where he was influenced by
;
versiou of Le prisonnier anglais), ib., 1793 Liszt, and in 1858 was teacher of music in ;
44. La rosii're n'pnblicainc, Schitomir, Soutliern Russia and later ap-

Opi'ra, 1793 ; ;
45. Joseph Barra, Coim'die 1794 pointed pianoforte professor at the Catha-
Italieiuic, ;
40. Deiiy.s le tyrau iiiaitre d'l'cole ii Co- rine Institute in Moscow. Works Piano- :
riiithe, Opi'ra, 1794 47. Callias, ou nature forte music.

;
Mendel Fetis, Supplement, — ;
et patrie, Opera Comiqxie, 1794 48. Lis- i. 422. ;
belh, Com('dicItalienne, 1797 49. Anacreon GRIEF AND PMN. See Baxs und
;
chez Polycrate, 1797 50. Le harbier de Reu'. ;
village, ou le revenaut, Tlu'atre Feydeau, GRIEG, EDVARD (HAGERUP), born

1797 51. filisca, ou I'amour materuel,
; at Bergen, N o r w a y,
ib., 1799 52. La casque et les colombes,
; June 15, 1843, still liv-
Opera, 1801 53. Delphis et Mopsa, ib.,
; ing there, 1889. In-
1803. Also the following Le congros : strumental and vocal
des rois (in collaboration with Berton, \ c o m 23 o s e r, first in- »
Blasius, Cherubini, Dalayrac, Deshayes, structed on the piano-

Devienne, Jadin, Ki-eutzcr, JIi'liul, Solii', forte by his mother,
and Trial fils). Theatre Favart, Feb. 2G, then at the Conserva-
1793 and the following, which were never
; torium in Leipsic
performed Alcindor et Zaide Ziun'o, 3
: ; (whither he was sent by
acts Zolmar, ou I'asile, 1 act Eleetre, 3
; ; Ole Bulls advice in
acts Diogune et Alexandre, 3 acts Les
; ;
and Hauptmann in
1858), jjupil of Richter
Maures d'Espagne, 3 acts. Church music : harmony and counterpoint, of Rietz and
Messe solennelle, Lii'ge, 1759 Coufiteor, ; Reinecke in composition, and of Wenzel
for 4 voices and orchestra, Rome, 1702 ; and Moscheles on the pianoforte. lUness
^^ . motets fc
for 2 forced him to return home in the spring
^X-'Vl /^ A /
and 3 voi
voices / of 1860, but he resumed his studies at
VJ CAyy^ Deprofur
indis
Recjuiem. In-
Leipsic in the autumn, and remained there
until 1862. He went to Copenhagen in
strumental the spring of 1803, iH'incipally to make the
sym- acquaintance of Gade, and, although in-
music :
phonies for orchestra 2 quartets for harpsi- fluenced by him and by Emil Hartmann, he
;
chord and strings do. for strings

; so- was most decidedly afi'ected by Rikard Nor-
;
natas for hai-psichord. —

Le Breton, Notice drank, an ingenious Norwegian tone-poet
sur la vie, etc. (Paris, 1814) Andre Joseph (died shortly afterwards), who sang and
;
Gretry, Gretry en famille (ib., 1815) Ger- j)layed to him his melodies to Bjornson's ;
lache, Essai sur G. (Liege,Fetis, songs. As Grieg himself relates

1821) " The
; :
Galerie de musiciens celebres (Paris, 1828) scales fell from my eyes it was only ;
Van Hulst, Gretry (Liege, 1842); L. de through him that I learned to know the
Saegher, Notice biographique (Brussels, Norse melodies and my own nature. We
1809) Clement, Mus. celebres, 150 Jal, made a compact against the weakly Gade-
;
;
Diet, critique, 657 Li\Ty, Recueil de let- Mendelssohn Scandinavism,

; and entered
tres ecrites ;\ Gretrv (Paris, 1809). with enthusiasm upon the new path on
GREULICH, ADOLPH, born in Posen which the Northern school is now progress-
in 1819, died in Moscow
1868. in
Pia- ing." In 1867 he settled at Christiania,
nist, self-taught at first, then studied under where he founded a musical society and con-
W. Fischer in Brieg, and became private ducted it until 1880, when he returned to
GllIEyUACll
Bergen. As the Norwegian Diet awarded zen, op. 10 Im Herbst, Phantasie (2 piano- ;
him a liberal 25ension, be bas bad nothing fortes), op. 11 Lyri.sclie klcine Stiicke, op. ;
to do since but to devote bimiself to bis 12 ; 2 symphonische Stiicke (2 pianofortes),

art. In 1865 and 1870 he visited Italy, op. 14
Romanzen, op. 15 25 Norwegiscbe ; ;
cultivating Liszt's society in Rome

and Volkslieder und Tiinze, op. 17 Bilder au3;
;
was repeatedly in Germany, esioecially at dem Volksleben, Drei Humoresken, op. 19 ;
Leipsic, to bring out bis compositions. Ballade, op. 24 Albumbliltter, op. 28 Im- ; ;
Grieg may be said to disjiute with Svendsen provisata iiber 2 norwegiscbe Volksweisen,
the foremost place among living Norwegian op. 29 Norwegiscbe Tiinze, op. 35 Wal- ; ;
composers. As yet he bas devoted himself zer-Capricen, op. 37 Neue lyrische Stuck- ;
chiefly to the higher forms of chamber

music. His talent, strongly imbued with
the Scandinavian folk-song sjiirit, has
marked and his comjjositions
individuality,
are noted for their brilliant and eflective
local coloring. His insijiration is vigorous
and spontaneous, and if his workmanshiji is
not invariably of the very best, and he often
shows a considerable disregard for euphony,
as well as a certain incapacity for organic
thematic develo^sment, in the highest sense
of the tei'm, be only shares these short-
comings with many of his contemporaries,
while the freshness of his melodic invention,
the piquancy of his harmony, and the auda-
cious brilliancy of his style have won him chen, op. 38 ; Aus Holberg's Zeit, Suite im
hosts of warm His best works
admirers. alten Style, op. 40. Songs 4 Lieder for :
are his A minor pianoforte concerto, and contralto, op. 2 ; G Lieder, op. 4 Melodien ;
his sonata for pianoforte and violin in F des Herzens, op. 5 4 Romanzen, op. 10
;
;
major. Works Concerto for pianoforte

: Romanzen und Lieder, op. 18 4 Gedichte, ;
and orchestra, in A minoi', op. IG (2 ver- op. 21. — Mendel ; Riemann ; Mus. AVocben-
sions) Sonata for violin and jjianoforte, in
; blatt, iv. 161, 195 ; v. 7 ; vii. 348 viii. 226 ;
F, op. 8 ; do. in G minor, op. 13 ; do. in C xiii. 134 ; xv. 511, 522.
minor, op. 4.5 ; do. for violoncello, op. 36 ;
GRIESBACH, JOHN HENRY, born at
String quartet, 27 Zwei Melodien, for
o]?. ; Windsor, England, June 20, 1798, died in
string orchestra, op. 34 /bran Sydens Klos- ; Loudon, Jan. 9, 1875. Dramatic composer,
ter, for soprano solo, female chorus, and or- son of Justin Christian Griesbach, violon-
chestra, op. 20 Landkjending, for baritone,
; cellist in Queen Charlotte's band, and
malechorus, and orchestra, op. 31 DerBerg- ; nephew to Friedrich Griesbach, the oboe
entriickte, for baritone, with string orches- player ;
pupil of bis uncle, George Leopold
tra and 2 horns, oi>. 32 ; Bergliot (by BjiJrn- Jacob Griesbach, and of Kalkbrenner. On
son), for declamation with orchestra, op. 42 ;
up of the Queen's band, in
the breaking
Music to Bj(')rnson's Sign)- Jorsalfar, op. 22 which he was violoncellist, he settled in
;
do. to Ibsen's Peer Gyut, op. 23. For London as a pianist, composer, and teacher.
pianoforte : 4 He was fourteen times a director of the
Clavierstiicke, op. 1 ; Poe-
tische Tonbilder, op. 3 4 Philharmonic Society.
; Works
Ballade, op. 4 Belshaz- ; :
Humoresken, op. G Sonata, op. 7 Ro- zar's Feast, oratorio, written in 1835, re-
; ;
manzenuudBalladen, op. 9 lOeiue Roman- modelled and performed as Daniel, at the

;
GRIEVE
Hurmoiiie Society, in ISS-i ; Overture iiiid Pianist, pupil at the Lcipsic Conscrvatorium
music to Shakespeare's "Tempest James and influenced by Schumann, Joachim, and ;"
I, or the Eoyal Captive, operetta The Brahms. He settled in 1855 in GOttingen ;
Goldsmith of Westcheap, opera Eblis, as a teacher, and in 1860 became musical ;
unfinished opera ; Kaby lluins, musical director in INIUnster. Works 2 orchestral :
drama ; Overtures, symphonies, anthems, suites iu canon-form (much played in Ger-

songs, etc. — Grove ; Fetis. many) An die Musik, for solo, chorus, and ;
GRIEVE, JOHN CHAKLES, born Symphony Sonata for piano- iu orchestra ; ;
Edinburgh, Aug. 29, 1842, still living, 1889. forte and viohn 12 Lieder for voice and ;
He is lecturer on musical theory in Heriot- pianoforte, op. 1, 3 6 Lieder for four male ;
AVatt College, and conductor of the Phoenix voices, op. 13, etc. Mendel Riemaun ; — ;
Jlusical Association, Edinburgh. Works Fi'tis, Supplement, i. 423. :
Benjamin, oratorio, Edinburgh, 1877 The GRISAR, ALBERT, born in Antwerp, ;
Sower and the Seed, Scripture paralile for Dec. 26, 1808, died
soli and chorus The Good Samaritan, do. ; ;
at Asuieres, near
Julia's Birthday, nuisical sketch Kinder- ; Paris, June 15,
spiel, do. for juveniles ; Glees, songs, and 18G9. Dra m a t i c
part-songs. His Stars of the Summer composer, pupil in
Night is popular. Paris of Reicha.
GEIFEIN, GEORGE EUGENE, born Placed by his fam-
Jan. 8, 1781, died in Loudon, Maj', 1863. ily in a commercial
Pianist, one of the original members of the house in Liverjjool,
Philharmonic Society. Works 2 concertos he ran away to Par- :
for pianoforte and orchestra Ode to Char- is during the rev-

;
ity, 1806 i sonatas for jiianoforte 3 string olution of 1830, and began to study under
; ;
quartets Rondos, variations, etc.

; Songs, Reicha, but the revolution spreading to Bel- ;
glees, etc. — Grove ; Fetis. gium, he joined his family in Autweri), and
GRILL, FRANZ, died at Oedenburg, wrote there during the siege his first ro-
Himgary, about 1795. Chamber musician mance. La folle, which bad quite a success
to a Hungarian nobleman, and known in Belgium and France. His first important
through the following compositions iu the dramatic work, Le mariage impossible,
style of Haydn 15 sonatas for pianoforte opera-comique, given in Brussels iu 1833,
:
and violin, op. 1, 2, 4, 6 12 string quar- procured him a grant from the government
;
tets, op. 3 (dedicated to Haydn),

89 of 1,200 francs to aid his musical education. 5, 7 ;
caprices for pianoforte (1791) 6 duos con- He returned to Pari.s, and devoted himself ;
certants for pianoforte and violin (1791) to dramatic composition, but, dissatisfied ;
2 do. (1792) 3 quartets (1792); Quartet with his work, went to Naples in 1840 and ;
(1795).— Mendel Schilling. studied under Mercadante. In 1848 he re-

;
GRIMM, HEINRICH, born (?), died in turned to Piu-is, produced many works, and
Brunswick, July 10, 1637. He was a pupil became a popular favourite. Nineteen of
of Michael Priitorius, and was cantor in his operas were represented, and he left
Magdeburg and later in Brunswick. He others in MS. He published also more than
wrote church music and theoretical works. fiftj' melodies and romances. Works Op- —
— Allgem. d. Biogr., ix. 678 Mendel, iv. 386 eras Sarah, Paris, Ojn'ra Comique, 1836
; ; : ;
do., Ergiinz., 136

112 Schilling, iii. L'an mil, ib., 1837 La Suisse a Trianon,
; F(3tis, iv. ; ;
360 Gerber (1790), i. 518 (1812), ii. 411. Thefitre des Variet.'s, 1837 Lady Melvil,
;
; ;
GRIMM, JULIUS OTTO, born iu Per- Theatre de la Renaissance, 1838 L'eau ;
nau, Russia, March G, 1827, still living, 1889. merveilleuse, ib., 1839 ; Le naufrage de la
GRISELDA
Meduse (with Flotow and Pilati, ib, 1839 ;
the patient heroine, for, though married to
Les travestissemeiits, Opt'ra Coiuique, 1839 ;
the Earl of Peterborough, she consented to
L'opei'a a la Cour (with Boieldieu), ilj., appear to the world as his mistress only, un-
18J:0 ; Gille ravisseur, Les por- ib., 1848 ; til he chose to own her as his wife and to
cherons, ib., 1850 Boiisoir, monsieui- Pau-
; invest her with the honours of his position.
talon, ib., 1851 Le carillonneur de Bruges,
; The Zeno has been set to music
libretto of
ib., 1852 Les amours du diable, Thuutre
; also by the following PoUarolo, Venice,:
Lyrique, 1853 Le cliien du jardiuier, Opora

; 1701 Chelleri, Piacenza, 1707
; Predieri, ;
Comique, 1855 Voyage autour de ma cbam-

; Bologna, 1711 Capelli,
; Kovigo, about
bre, ib., 1859 Le joaillier de St. Jame.s (a
; 1710 Oriandini, Bologna, 1720 Scariatti,
; ;
revision of Lady Melvil), ib., 18G2 La ; Rome, 1721 Conti, Vienna, 1725 Caldara,
; ;
cbatte merveilleuse, TiiL'atre Lyrique, 18G2 ;

Vienna, 1725 Albinoui, Rome, 1728 Vi-
; ;
Begaiements d'amour, ib., 18G4 Douze ;
iunocentes, Bouflfes Parisiens, 1865. He

left12 operas in MS., some complete, some
only sketched more than fifty melodies,
;
romances, dramatic scenes,

etc. Pougin, —
Albert Grisar (Paris, 1870)Clement, Mus. ;
celebres, 517 Fetis, Supplement, i. 424

; ;
Mendel Riemann.
;
GRISELDA, Italian opera in three acts,

text by Apostolo Zeuo, rewritten by RoUi,
music by Giovanni Battista Bononcini, rep-
resented at the Academy of Music, London,
Feb. 22, 1722. The libretto is founded on
the story of Griseldis, Griselda, or Grisla,
called by English writers Patient Grissel, a
subject popularized by Boccaccio, Petrarch,
and by Chaucer in "The Clerk's Tale."
In the original legend, Griselda, daughter
of a Piedmontese labourer, is married by
the Marquis de Saluces and has by him two
children. Wishing to prove her constancy
and the strength of her love, he puts her to
the most cruel tests and subjects her to a
thousand humUiatious, all of which she valdi, Venice, 1735 Latilla, Rome, 1747 ; ;
bears patiently. When

he considers the Picciuni, Venice, 1793 PaOr, Parma, 1796, ;
proof of her devotion complete he brings Palis, 1803.— Burney, iv. 284 Hogarth, ii. ;
her back in triumph to his castle. The 18.

principal parts in Bononciui's opera, which GROLL, EVERMODUS, born at Wit-
isregarded as his best dramatic production, tenau in the Upper Palatinate in 1756, died
were sung by Seuesino, Boschi, and Mrs. at Allershausen in 1809. He was educated
Anastasia Robinson, whose admirable per- in the Benedictine monastery at Reichen-
formance of the character of Griselda is bach and in Ratisbon. He entered the Pre-
said to have completed her conquest of the monstrant Abbey at Scheftlarn, and was
Earl of Peterborough. There seems to music director and leader of the choir.
have been some slight resemblance between After the abolition of the monastery, he
this beautiful woman's career and that of was appointed to the Parish of Allershausen
GRONLAXD
in 1807. Ho composed symphonies ami larity as an instructor of music was great.
masses. — Fi'tis, Geiber, Schillinp;. In 1819 he received the degree of I'h.D.
GllONLAND, JOHANN FUIEDRICH, from the Wittenberg University. Works :
born about 17(50 in Sleswick, died in Altona Titania, opera, given at Cassel, 1801 Das ;
illNovember, 18:34. He studied in Kiel in heiligc Kleeblatt, do., ib., about 1801 Pas- ;
1780-82, and assisted Cramer in bis Maga- sion oratorio Six psalms for 4 voices Six
; ;
zin der Musik after being secretary in the

;
symphonies for orchestra Several grand ;
German Government office in Copenhagen pieces of church music, with orchestra ;
and director of the royal porcelain factory Three concertos for pianoforte One con- ;
there, he became organist and music teacher certo for flute One do. for clarinet One ; ;
in Altona. He composed songs and piano- do. for 2 oboes 12 sonatas for pianoforte ;
forte music. —
Fetis, iv. IIG Mendel, iv. and violin
;
3 fantasias for jjianoforte G ; ;
390 Gerber, ii. -112 Schilling, iii. 302.

; ; little do. Theme and variations Marche ; ;
GKOOS, KAIIL AUGUST, Ijorn at Sass- de Bonaparte Marengo Anglaises for :i ;
niannshausen, Wittgenstein, Feb. 10, 1789, pianoforte Preludes for organ The Ten ; ;
died in Coblentz, Nov. 20, 18G1. He stud- Commandments for 1-4 voices and organ ;
ied theology while in Berlin in 1817-18, Choralbuch for the reformed church of
;
be edited, with Beruhard Klein, Deutsche Hesse Hektor's Abschied, by Schiller, for
;
Lieder fiir Jung und Alt, containing many 2 voices and orchestra Collections of songs. ;
songs of his own composition. He was pas- Fctis Mendel Schilling.— ; ;
tor in Coblentz. Some of his songs have GROSJEAN, JEAN ROMARY, born at
become virtually Volkslieder. ]\IendeL —
Rochesson (Vosges), Jan. 12, 1815, died at
GROOT, DAVID EDUARD DE, bom in Saint-Dio (ib.), Feb. 13, 1888. Organist,
Amsterdam, April 8, 1795, died in Paris, son of a poor artisan. When twelve years
March 29, 1874. Clarinetist,made success- old he was organist of his native place, then
ful concert tours in Holland, Belgium, and at Padoux, in 1837 of the jn-iucipal church
Germany. From 1830 he lived in France in Remiremout, and in 1839 of the Cathe-
;
was dii-ector of a theatre orchestra in Mar- dral of Saint-Die. Later he was a pupil in
seilles for some time spent the last years Paris of Stamaty. He devoted much time
;
of his life in I'aris. He composed a great to the study of the German organists, and
deal of music for the clarinet, of a high ar- lûblished a work containing selections from
tistic order. —
IVIendel Viotta. ; their music, with some of his own, entitled,
GROSE, MICHAEL EHREGOTT (TI- Album d'un organiste catholique (2 vols.).
MOTHEUS), German organ virtuoso, died He published also a collection of the NoOls
after 1824. He was organist until 178G at and popular melodies of Lorraine (1861).
St. Gotthardt's-Kirche, Brandenburg, then Fctis Mendel Riemann. ; ;
at Christiansund in Sweden, and finally GROSS, GEORG AUGUST, born in KO-

in Copenhagen. Works 24 Lieder, with nigsberg, Sept. 28, 1801, died in Hamburg
:
clavier accompaniment (Leii^sic, 1780) 6 in 1853. Pianist and violinist, studied

;
sonatas for clavier (Berlin, 1785). —

Mendel composition under Urban. He was Con-
Fotis. zertmeister in Memel in 1820, made a con-
GROSHEIM, GEORG CHRISTOPH, cert tour in 1830, then officiated as teacher
born in Cassel, July 1, 1764, died there in in Liibeck, and was soon called to Hildes-
1847. He became music director in 1800, heim as music director. In 1837 he re-
for a short time, of the new theatre of Land- moved to Hamburg, and founded and edit^
grave Friedi-icli Wilhelm II. of Hesse, and ed the Hambui'ger musikalische Zeitung.
later was teacher to the children of the He published psalms and songs, and left
Queen of Westphalia, after which his pojM- pianoforte and violin music in manuscript.
GROSS
— Mendel ; Fi'tis, iv. 119 ; do., Suppli'ment, GROSSI, CavaUere CARLO, Uved in Ve-
i. 426. nice in the latter part of the 17th centui-y.
GROSS, HEEXRICH, boru in the 18tli He was a singer in the Chapel of S. Marco,
centuiy, died in Berlin in 1806. Violoncel- and was pensioned in 1G85. Works — Operas:
list, As a boy be played Giocaste, regina d'Armenia, given in Venice,
pupil of Duport.
publicly in Berlin about 1793 be entered 1676
; II Nicomede in Bitinia, ib., 1677 ;
;
the service of the Swedish Count de Gear, Artaserse, ib., 1669. Church music, cau-
and some two years later became first vio- zoni, and madrigali. Caffi, Storia. — . . .
loncello in the royal Piiissian orchestra. di S. Marco in Venezia, I. 308, H. 34 ; Fetis ;
He published a sonata and variations for Mendel.

violoncello. — Mendel. GROSSVATERTANZ (Grandfather's
GROSS, JOHANN BENJA:\irN', born in Dance), a German fan)ih--dance of the 17th
Elbing, Prussia, Sept. 12, 1809, died in St. century, greatly in vogue at weddings. As
Petersburg, Sept. 1, 1848. Violoncellist, it usually concluded the entertainment,
brother of Georg August Gross, and pupil was called also the Kehraus (Clear-out).
it
of Hausmaun. He was The

air, called Gross vater-Lied, was very
in the orchestra of
the Konigstiidtisclies Theater of Berlin in popular. Spohr introduces it into the Fes-
1824-29 then lived in Leipsie, playing solo tival !March written for the marriage of
;
often in the Gewandhaus concerts joined Princess Marie of Hesse with the Duke of
;
the theatre orchestra of INIagdeburg in 1833, Saxe-Meiningen in 1825, and Schumann

but soon returned to Berlin next played uses it in the Davidsbiindler March and in
;
in a jsrivate quartet in Doi-pat, with Ferdi- the finale of his Papillons, op. 2. — Grove.
nand David as first violin, and became fiist GROTTE, NICOLAS DE LA, lived in
violoncello of the imiêrial orchestra of St. Paris from about 156.5 to 1587. He was
Petersburg in 183.5. He died of cholera. valet de chambre and organist to Henri HI.
He published string quartets, songs, and of France, and one of the best players of his
—
many violoncello compositions. Mendel time on the organ and spinet. He set Ron-
Riemann Fetis. ; sard's chansons to music. "Works Chan- :
GROSSE, SAMUEL DIETRICH, born sons a trois, quatre, cinq et six parties
in Berlin in 17.57, died there in 1789. Vio- (Paris, 1553).— Fetis.
linist, pupil of Lolli. In 1779 he was in the GRUA, FR.\NZ PAUL, born in :Mann-
orchestra of Crown Prince Friedrich Wilhelm heim, Feb. 2, 1754, died in Munich, July 5,
of Prussia. He made a concert tour to Paris 1833. Son and pupil of Karl Ludwig Peter
in 1780-82, and joined the roj'al orchestra of Grua ; studied also under Holzbauer and
Berlin in 1786. Works Le retour desire, in Italy under Padre Martini and Traetta.
:
comic opera, Berlin, 1784 Cantata Violin In 1779 he became Kapellmeister to the
; ;
concertos, and other music. —

Fetis Mendel. Elector Palatine, whose court was then in
;
GROSSER, JOH.AXN EMANUEL, born Munich, and was pensioned in 1831. Mo-
at Warmbrunn, Silesia, Jan. 30, 1799, died zart thought it was easy enough to write
(?). Organist, son and pupil of Joseph Aloys half a dozen such masses as his in a day.
Gro.sser. He was cantor and organist in Works Telemacco, opera, Munich, 1780 : ;
Friedeberg-on-the-Queis in 1822, organist 31 masses for orchestra 39 oft'ertories and ;
in Hirschberg in 1823, and rector in Polk- motets 6 iliserere 3 Stabat Mater 3 ; ; ;
witz from 1826. He composed masses, Requiem 3 Te Deum Concerto for piano- ; ;
offertories, church and pianoforte music, forte, clarinet, etc. Ft'tis Mendel. — ;
edited a musical weekly, and wrote biog- GRUA, KARL Ln)WIG PETER, born
raphies of Haydn, ]\Iozart, and J. S. Bach. in Milan, died after 1714. He is erro-
— Mendel ; Schilling ; Fl-IIs. neously called Wilhelm Grua in the older
GRUA
lexicons. After receivinp: a musical educa- torios Church, chamber, and other instru-
;
tion in Milan, and visiting several Italian —

mental music. Allgem. d. Biogr., x. 1 ;
cities, be went to Germany and was for a Mendel ; Fetis.
short time attached to the electoral chapel GRUNBAUM, JOHANN CHRISTOPH,

in Dres.len. In 1G!)7 he settled in Diissel- born at Haslau, near Eger, Oct. 28, 1785,
dorf as Kaiicllmeister, and in 171i went to died in Berlin, Jan. 10, 1870. He studied
Mannheim. Works Masses, and MS. mu- music in a convent and in the choir of Rat-
:
sic in Dresden and Berlin libraries. All- isbon Cathedral —

then became tenor in the ;
gem, d. Biogr., ix. 785 ;

Ratisbon theatre in 1804, and in the Prague
Mendel ;
Fetis.
GllU.V, K.VRL LUDWIG Tl'lTElt, born theatre in 1807. Having married the
in Milan in 1700, died in iMaimheim in singer, Therese Miiller, in 1813, he went
1775. He finished his musical education with her to the court opera of Vienna in
under his uncle Karl Ludwig Peter Grua, 1818, but settled in Berlin from 1832 as
and became Kapellmeister to the court of teacher of singing and writer for music pub-
jMannheim, and in 1742 also director of lishers. He wrote vocal music and trans-
the opera. Works Cainbise, Italian opera, lated many operas and songs. Mendel.
: —
represented in Mannheim, Jan. 17, 1742. GRUNBERGER, LUDWIG, born in
— Ft'tis ; Mendel ;
Prague, April 24, 18:59, still living, 1889.
Allgera. d. Biogr., ix. 785.
GllUBER, FRANZ, born at Hochburg, Pianist, pupil of Fninz Skraup and Josef
Upper Austria, Nov. 25, 1787, died in Hal- Kisch, then in Dresden of Rietz and Rei-
lein, June 7, 18(i3. Organist in Arnsdorf, chel. Works : 2 symphonies ; Music to
Berndorf, and Hallein. He composed the Liiwe's Kindertraum (1885) ; Dithj'rambe
Christmas song, Stille Nacht, heilige Nacht, by Schiller 2 string quartets Pianoforte ; ;
long ascribed to Haydn. Mendel. —

music, and songs.
GRUBER, FRANZ, born in Arnsdorf, GRUNBERGER, THEODOR, German
Nov. 27, 182G, died in Hallein, April 27, composer of the latter part of the 18th cen-
1871. Son and pupil of Franz Gruber tury. He was a monk in a monastery in ;
studied also theory under Taux and the Suabia, and composed masses and organ
violin under Stummer. He was a school- music. Gerber Fetis Mendel. ^
— ; ;
teacher in Mauterndorf, Salzburg, and Hal- GRUND, FRIEDRICH WILHEMI, born

lein, and founded two musical societies in in Hamburg, Oct. 7, 1791, died there, Nov.
the latter place. His compositions number 24, 1874. Pupil of his father, founded the
about sixtj', and comprise church and piano- Singakademie in his native city in 1819,
forte music, overtures, and songs. Only six and led the Philharmonic concerts in 1828-
of his works have been printed. Mendel. 02. —
He was popular as a teacher. Works :
GRUBER, GEORG WILHEOI, born in Die Burg Falkenstein, Mathilde, operas, not
Nuremberg, Sept. 22, 172!), died there, performed Die Auferstehung und Him- ;
Sept. 22, 179G. Violinist, pupil on the melfahrt Christi, cantata Mass for 8 voices ;
pianoforte an<l in composition of Dretzel a cappella Symphonies Overtures Octet ; ; ;
and Siebenkees, and on the violin of Hem- for pianoforte and wind instruments Quin- ;
merich. Before he was eighteen years old tet for do., op. 8 Quartet for pianoforte ;
he made a concert tour took lessons in and strings, op. 5 Sonatas for pianoforte,
; ;
counterpoint in Dresden from Umstadt violin, and violoncello, op. 9, 11, 13 do., ;
and about 1750 entered the orchestra of for pianoforte, four hands, op. 10 Sona- ;
Nuremberg, where Ferrari's presence in- tinas for pianoforte, op. 14 Hymn by ;
fluenced him greatly. He succeeded Agrell Krummacher Six collections of songs. ;
as Kapellmeister in 1705, and held also —

Mendel, Ergilnz., 137 Riemanu Fetis, ; ;
honorary municipal offices. Works Ora- do.. Supplement, i. 42G. :

GRUNEll
GRUNER, NATHANAEL GOTTFRIED, brothers on the violin and in harmony. In
lived in the latter part of the 18th century,
1815 he was violinist in the orchestra of the
died in 179-i at Gera, where he was cantor united theatres of Presburg and Baden, and
and music director. He seems also to have
in 1816 of a Vienna theatre. In 1830 he be-
lived at Lyons, as some of his music
was jûb- came second director of the Kiirntnerthor
lished there. Works DeLn Zion streut dir Theater, and in 1831 meiuber of the im-
:
Palmen, cantata Psalms 8, 27, 51, 81, and pei-ial chapel.

; Works Der Nachtwiichter, :
113 for chorus and orchestra Motets opera, Vienna, 1835 Der Liebhaber ala
;
; ;
About 15 chorals in form of cantatas, for Coutrebande, do., ib., 1838 2 mas.ses ;
do. Concertos for pianoforte Six sonatas Graduale and offertory Duos, trios, and
; ; ;
for pianoforte, op. 1 (Leipsic, Breitkopf it quartets for violin ; Vocal quartets ; Songs.
Hiirtel, 1781) ; Ten do., op. 2 (ib., 1783) ; — Wîrzbach ; Mendel ; Schilling ; Fetis.
Four-part songs for church choirs and GRUTZMACHER, FRIEDRICH (WIL-
schools, 1st and 2d book (Leijjsic, Koll- HELM LUDWIG),
mann). — Fi'tis ; Mendel. born in Dessau, March
GRUNEWALD, KARL HE IN RICH, 1, 1832, still living,
singer and composer, lived in the first part 1889. Violoncellist, pu-
of the 18th century, died at Darmstadt in pil of his father, of
1739. He was singing in the Hamburg Drechsler on the vio-
Theatre in 1703 was court singer in Ber- loncello, and of F.
;
lin about 1708 ; he became Viceka- Schneider in theory.

later
pellmeister in Darmstadt. He is said to He went to Leipsic in
-
have composed several operas, of which, 1848, attracted the at- '
'
however, only one is still known : Germani- tention of David, and in 1849 became first
cus, oder die gerettete Unschuld, given suc- violoncellist of the Gewaudhaus orchestra,
cessfully in —
Hamburg, 170G. Gerber and teacher in the Conservatorium. In ;
Mendel Schilling.; 18G0 he was appointed chamber virtuoso in

GRUNFELD, ALFRED, born in Prague, Dresden he has made many concert tours ;
July 4, 1852, still liv- and formed many distinguished pupils.

ing, 1889. Pianist, Works : Concertos for violoncello and or-
of Julius Theo-
iniiîl chestra ; Variations, for do. Music and ex- ;
dore Hiiger, and at ei'cises for violoncello ; Chamber and or-

the Conservatorium chestral music ; Pianoforte pieces ; Songs.
of Krejii, then in He has published also many editions of
Berlin at Kullak's standard works. His brother, Leopold
Academy in 1837 he ; Griltzmacher (born at Dessau, Sept. 4,
settled in Vienna, 1835), is a violoncellist virtuoso at Weimar,
where he at once and a composer for his instrument. Men- —
made for himself a del Grove
;
Riemann, 34G Ft-tis, Supph'-
; ;
prominent position as a concert player, and ment, i. 427 Mus. Woehenblatt, i. 599.
;
whence he has undertaken successful con- GU.A.ITOLI, FR.INCESCO MARIA, born

cert tours abroad, especially in 1883 to St. at Carpi in 15G3, died there, Jan. 3, 1628.
Petersburg and Moscow. As a composer Church composer, canon and maestro di
he is known by songs and pianoforte music. cappella of the cathedral of his native place,
— Mus. Woehenblatt, siv. 343. also of the confraternity of San Roeco from
GRUTSCH, FRANZ SERAPH, liorn in 1602. Woi-ks : Salmi per vespri a 5 voci
Vienna, Oct. 24, 1800, died there, April 5, (Venice, 1604) ; Libro primo di madrigali
18G7. Violinist, pupil of the Bluniputh.al (ib., IGOO) ; Canzonette a trc e quattro voci
{;rA:\[i
(ib., ICOC) ; Psalmi ad tertiam quinis voci- Under Louis XETI. lie was superintendent of
bus, etc. (ib., 1(!18) Messo e Motetti a otto church music and wrote many of the court
;
voci, 1st and 2d book (ib., 1(518). —Fetis ;

ballets. He was also a favorite composer
Mendel. of chansons for one voice, which began to

GUAMI, GIUSEPPE, boiu in Lucca, take the place of those for three, four, or
about 1540, died iu 1620. Organist of the more voices, iu the reign of Henri IV. — Fe-
royal cliapel at ]Mnni<-li in lo7.5, second or- tis Larouase Mendel. ; ;
ganist of S. Marco, Venice, in 1.588, and or- GUEIT, MARIUS, bora in Paris, about
ganist to the cathedral of Lucca in 1591. 1810, still living, 1889 (?). Blind organist
He was celebrated also as a and composer, whose improvisations on the
violinist.
Works : Madrigals and motets ; Church organ were remarkable was also a finished ;
music, found in the collections of the time. violoncellist, pupil of Benazet. Organist of
— Fetis, iv. 127 Supplement, i. 427 Bur- the Church of Saint-Paterne, Orleans, 1831-
; ;
ney, Hist. Music, iii. 545 ;

Mendel, iv. 1840, of Saint-Denis au Marais, Paris, 1841.
428 ; do., Ergiinz., 187. Works : L'indicateur de I'orgauiste, 00
GUARANY, IL, Italian opera seria in four pieces for anthems, Kyrie, Gloria, etc. ; 12
acts, text b}' Scalviui, music by Carlos Go- lîeces for the organ ; 3 offertories for do.,
mez, first La Scala, Milan, op. 25 Fantaisies, divertissement, romances,
represented at ;
March Spanish adventurers sur- serenades, etc., for organ and harmonium
19, 1870. ;
round with snares a noble Portuguese, Motets for several voices, and organ Can- ;
whose daughter and treasures they intend ticles Method for the organ. Fetis Men- ; — ;
to carry off. An Indian chief of the tribe del.
of the Guai'any, protects the family and tri- GUENP:E, LUC, born Aug. 19, at Cadiz,
lunphs over the filibusters. The work, 1781, died in Paris, in 1847. Dramatic com-
which was interpreted by Mme Marie Sass, poser, pupil at the Paris Conservatoire under
Maurel, and Villani, was fairly successful. Gavinies and Rode, and later of Mazas and
It was given soon after in Rome, and at Reicha. He entered iu 1829 the orchestra of
Covent Garden, London, July 13, 1872. the Opera, of which he was a member twenty-
GUAZZONI, FEDERIGO, born near five j-ears. He was also chef d'orchestre
Milan in the 18th century, died in Rome in at the Palais Roj-al Theatre. Works Op- —
1787. He studied music in Naj)les was ; eras La chambre a coucher, Paris, Oiôra-
:
maestro di cajjpella in several small Ital- Comique, 1813 La comtesse de Troun, ;
ian cities, and finally in Rome in 1770. Of ib., 1816 Uue visite a la campagne, Gym-
;
his masses, offertories, litanies, etc., some uase Draiuatique Concerto for violin and ;
are still in use in Italy. His ojjeras are for- orchestra Trios for 2 violins and bass, op.
;
gotten. —Mendel ; Schilling, Supplement, 5 Three duos concertants for violins, op.
;
176. 1 ; Tlu-ee do., op. 2 ; Six caprices for violin,

GUDRTJN, opera, in three acts, test and with bass Three quartets for strings, op.
;
music by Felix Driiseke, first given in Han- 4.— Fetis Mendel. ;
over, Nov. 5, 1884. Great success. Pub- GUENIN, marie ALEXANDRE, born
lishedby Kistner (Leipsic, 1884). Same tiat Maubeuge (Nord), Feb. 20, 1744, died in
by Amand Mangold, Darmstadt, 1851 Paris in 1819. Violinist, pupil of Capron
tle,
August Reissmann, Leipsic, 1871 August on the violin and of Gossec in composition.
;
Klughardt, Neustrelitz, 1882, Leipsic, 1884. own at the Con- He played a concerto of his
GUICDRON, PIERRE, born was intendant of the
in Paris, certs Spirituels in 1775 ;
about 1565, died He was a

('?). singer in Prince de Conde's music in 1777 member ;
the King's music from 1590 and succeeded of the royal chapel in 1778, and solo violin
Claude Lejeune as composer to the king. at the Opera iu 1780-1800. In 1810-14 he
GUERCIA
was second violin to Charles IV. of Spain. vain in 1563, are now in the Vienna librarj-.
Works 14 sj-mphouies 6 string quartets
: ; ;
Eslava's Lira sacro-hispana has the Passion
18 violin duets 6 sonatas for two violins
; according to St. Matthew, for 4 voices, for
;
3 sonatas for iJianoforte and violin 3 vio- Palm Sunday, and that according to St.
;
loncello duets. —
Fetis Mendel Kiemauu ; John, 5 voices, for Good Friday also 3
;
; ;
Wasielewski, Die Violine, 2.51. motets for 5 voices and a 4-part mass. Si-
GUERCIA, ALFONSO, born in Naples, mile est regnum coelorum. His Psalmo-
Nov. 13, 1831, still living, 1889. Composer, rum quat. voc, etc., Missarum defunctorum
professor of singing at tlie Naples Conserva- (Rome, 1559), and Primo lib. di salmi (ib.,
torio. His opera, Eita, was represented in 1584), are in the same work. Besides these,
Naples, Dec. 11, 1875. He is the author also II secondo libro di messe (Rome, 1584), and
of many songs, and of a theoretical work, Libro di motetti a quattro, etc. (Venice),
L' Ai-te del canto italiano. —
Supple- are given in Futis" list. FiJtis, iv. 136
Fetis, —
ment, i. 428 ; Mendel, Ergiiuz., 137.
Supplement, i. 429 Mendel. ;
GUERESr, E:M:MANT;EL, bom in Ver- GUEST, GEORGE, born at Bury St. Ed-
sailles in 1779, died (?). Violoncellist, jiupil mund's, England, in 1771, died at Wisbeach,
at the Paris Cousen'atoire of Levasseur. He Cambridgeshire, Sept. 10, 1831. Organist,
was a member of the orchestra at the Thea- son and puiîl of Ralph Guest chorister in ;
tre Feydeau in 1799-1824. "Works Sona- the Chapel Royal under Dr. Nares and Dr.
:
tas, duets, and variations for the violoncello. Ayrton, organist at Eye, Suffolk, in 1787-
— Fetis Riemann. ; 89, then at Wisbeach until his decease.

GUERRA, GUERRA. See Norma. Works: Anthems; Hymns; Glees; Duets;
GUERRERO (Gueneiro), FR.VNCISCO, Organ nuisic Military band music. Grove ; —
born at Beja, Portugal, in 1528, died at Ft-tis Mendel. ;
Seville, Jan. 15, IGOO. Church composer, GUEST, R.ILPH, bom at Basely, Shrop-
pupil of his elder brother, Pedro, a pro- shire, England, in 1742, died at Bury St.
fessor of music, and later of Morales. In Edmund's, June, 1830. Organist, member
1546 he became maestro de capilla of the of the Portland Chapel choir, London, 1763 ;
Cathedral of Jaen, and in 1550 a singer in pupil in organ playing at Burj- St. Edmund's
the Cathedral of Seville, where he was asso- of Ford, organist of St. James's Church ;
ciated with and finally succeeded Fernandez choir-master and organist of St. j\Iary's,
as maestro. In 1588 he undertook a jour- Buiy St. Edmund's, in 1805-22. He pub-
ney to Jerusalem, passing through Italy, lished " The Psalms of David," a collection
where he left with Zarliuo his compositions of old 25salm tunes with about sixty new
for revision. Some of his earlier composi- ones, and a supplement, "Hymns and
tions bad been already jiublislied in Paris, Psalms," with music composed and adapt-
Louvain, and Rome, which would seem to ed by himself. He was author of many
imply that he had previously visited those popular songs. Grove Fetis Mendel. — ; ;
cities. His works are known throughout GUGL, 5IATTHAUS, Uved in the fiist
Spain, in every cathedral town, but are ex- part of the 18th century. Organist of the
tremely rare in the rest of Europe. His cathedral in Salzburg, composed music of
most important works were published un- great popularity at the time, and wrote an
der the title, Liber primus Missarum, F. instruction book. — ^Mendel ; Schilling Fetis.
;
Guerrero, Hispalensis Odei phonasco au- GUGLIELIMI, PIETRO, born at :Massa-

thore (Pai-is, 1566) this contains 4 masses
; Carrara, Italy. May, 1727, died in Rome,
in 5 parts and 5 in 4 parts, and some mo- Nov. 19, 1804. Dramatic composer, sou
tets in 5, 6, and 8 parts. This work and a and pupil of an accomfiished musician who
collection of Magnificats, printed at Lou- was maestro di cappella to the Duke of
(UIGLIELMI
Moilena ;
pupil :it the Consorvatoiio of San Feb. 28, 1817. Dramatic composer, son of
Loreto, Naples, of Diuaiito. Ou leaving Pietro Guglielmi pupil at the Conserva- ;
the Conservatorio, he made a tour through torio of Loreto, Naples. He produced his
Italy anil brought out his tirat opera in first opera in Naples when only twenty
Turin, in 1755. From that time the prin- j'ears old. After visiting several Italian
cipal cities of Italy disputed the privi- cities as acomposer, and London in 1810,
lege of producing his operas, of which he he became maestro di cappella to the arch-
wrote nearly two hundred. In 1762 he duchess Beatrice of Massa-Carrara. Works
went to Venice, soon after to Dresden and — Operas Asteria e Teseo, Naples, about
:
Brunswick, and iu 1772 to London, where 1783 La fiera, ib., about 1785 II iiau-
; ;
he was not very successful, as Picciuni fragio fortunato, ib., about 1787 L' equivo- ;
was then the reigning favourite. When he co degli sposi, ib., about 1789 La serva ;
returned to Naples after an absence of bizzarra, ib., about 1790 L' erede di Bel ;
fifteen years, he found that Cimarosa and Prato, about 1799 L' isola di Calipso, ;
Paisiello had taken his place iu popular Milan, 1813 La persuasione corretta, Na-
;
favour but, notwithstanding the efforts

; ples, about 1814 Ernesto e Palmira, Italy,
;
made by their followers, he eventually di- about 1814 La moglie giudice del marito,
;
vided the favours of the Neapolitan public Naples, about 1815 Romeo e Giuhetta, ;
with them. The three subsequently formed about 1810.— Fetis Mendel. ;
themselves into a mutual protective society GUHR, FRIEDRIGH HE IN RICH

to keep out inti'uders, and agreed upon a FLORIAN, born at Milit.sch, Pru.ssiau Sile-
common price of six hundred ducats for sia, April 17, 1791, died (?). Pupil of his
each opera that they should produce. Gu- father was in the orchestra of the Count
;
glielmi finally gave up dramatic composi- von Maltzahn in his native town in 1807-10 ;
tion, and in 1793 accepted the position of then continued his studies at the seminary
maestro at the Vatican, and composed in Breslau. Ou his return he assisted his
church music. Most of his oi)eras are for- father as cantor, and later succeeded him
gotten, but those that remain are worthy of in that position. He composed some songs,
a place iu the history of music. Some of his and wrote an elementary book on music.
opere buffe are still played iu Italy. Prin- — Fi'tis ; Mendel.
cipal works I viaggiatori : ridicoli (1772) GUHR, KARL FRIEDRICH WIL-
La serva innamorata (1778) La bella pesca- ; Silesia, HELM, born at Militsch, Prussian
trice (1779) I fratelli Pappa Mosca (Milan, Oct. 30, 1787, died iu Frankfort-on-the-
;
1783) La pastorella nobile (1783) La Di- Main, July 22, 1848. Pianist and violinist,
; ;
done (Venice, 1785) Enea e Lavinia (Na- son and pupil of Karl Christoph Guhr, and
;
ples, 1785) I due gemelli (Rome, 1787). pupil of Faust, Jauitschek, Berner, WOlfl,
;
His church compositions are mostly ora- Scbnabel, and Vogler. At fourteen he had
torios. La morte d' Abele Betulia liberata; been a member of Count von Maltzahn's
;
La distruzioue di Gerusalemme Debora orchestra in Militsch, and after fiuishing

;
e Sisera, considered his by his studies he joined it again iu 1804. In

masterjjiece
Ziugarelli, written for the Vatican iu 1794 1807 he became chamber musician in Wiirz-
;
Le lagrime San Pietro besides masses,

di ; burg, soon after musical director of the
motets, etc. — Fctis
Grove Mendel Rie- ; ; ; Nuremberg theatre, and in 1813 of Wies-
mann Schilling Hogarth, Hist, of Mus.
; ; baden. He went
to Cassel as Hofkapell-
Drama, 160 Burney, Hist, of Music, iv.
; meister, 1821 as director of music at
and in
493. Frankfort-on-tlie-Main. Works Operas — :
GUGLIELJn, PIETRO CARLO, born Feodora, Die Vestaliu, Cassel, 1814 ; Deo-
iu Naples in 1763, died in Massa-Carrara, data, ib., 1815 ; Konig Siegmar, ib., 1819;
GUICliAIil)
Alatldin, oder die Wunderlampe, Frimkfort, king's service in 1733, was appointed teach-
1830 A mass; A sj-mj)bonj' Pianoforte er to the dauphin, and in 1711 had revived
; ;
rondo for four bands Sonata for piano- in bis favor the extinct title of Roi des vio-
;
forte Violin concerto

; etc. He wrote also ons but his at-
; :
;
*.^^&i-~
" Pagauini's Kuust die Violine zu spielen " tempt to levy taxes <fe-;,<^-»--.J
(Maiuz, 1831).— Gollmick, Carl Guhr, Nek- on other musicians

rolog-. (Fraukfort-ou-tbe-Main, 1818) Men- led to an acrimoni-
;
del ; Fetis ; Riebl, ^lus. Cbarakterkopfe, lous dispute and to

iii. 189 ; Dubourg, The Violin, 215. tbe revocation of his
GUIOHARD, Abb6 FRANCOIS, born powers in 1750,
at Mans, France, Aug. 26, 1715, died in though he did not
Paris, Feb. 24, 1807. He was counter- resign tbe title unf d
tenor and later sous-maitre at Notre Dame, 1773. He was an
Paris. During tbe Revolution be taugbt excellent orcbestia
tlie guitar and publisbed music for tbat in- leader, and published several books of Con-
strument. He publisbed Essais de Psalmo- certos, Sonatas, —
Duos, etc. Fctis Grove ;
;
die, containing Magnificats (1783). His Fayolle, Hist, du Violon Dubourg, The
;
cbansons were popular. Futis Mendel. — ; Violin, 189.

GUIDO ET GINEVRA, ou la peste de GUILLAUME DE MACHAU (de :Ma-
Florence (Tbe Plague of Florence), opera cbaut, Guillermusde Mascandio, Guiglielmo
in five acts, text by Scribe, music by Halcvj-,
di Francia), born at Machau, Cbamjjague,
represented at tbe Aeadumie Royale de Mu- about 1281, died after 1370. He was in
sique, Paris, Marcb 9, 1838. Tbe libretto the service of Jeanne de NavaiTe, wife of
is founded on an episode in DeK'cluze's Pbiliijjje le Bel, and in 1307-11 was valet
"Histoire de Florence." Ginevra, daugbter to that king. After tbat he was clerk to
of Cosmo de' Medici, falls in a swoon during Jean de Luxembourg, King of Bohemia,
tbe celebration of her marriage with the where he lived thirty years, returning to
Duke of Ferrara. Believed to be a victim France after tbe death of his master at
of the plague then prevailing, she is en- Crecy in 1310. He then entered tbe ser-
tombed, but, as in Romeo and Juliet, vice of the Duchess of Normandy, was sec-
awakes and escapes from tbe vault. Re- retary to tbe Duke Jean le Bon, afterwards
pulsed everywhere in tbe terrified and al- King of France, and served bis successor
most deserted city, she is received into tbe Charles V. in the same capacity. His com-
house of Guido, a yoimg sculptor who had positions consist of motets, ballads, ron-
long loved her. Cosmo de' Medici at last deaux, and a mass said to have been used
finds bis daugbter and consents to her marat tbe coronation of Charles V., preserved
riage with Guide. Although the work con- in the MS. collections in the National Li-
tains man}' musical gems, its lugubrious brary, Paris. His masses and motets were
plot interfered with its success. It was long used as models. One of his poems gives
revived, however, in four acts, Oct. 23, a curious account of the musical instru-
1810. ments in use at that time. Fetis La- — ;
GUIGNON, .JE.YN PIERRE, born in rousse ; Mendel.

Turin, Feb. 10, 1702, died in Versailles, GUILLAUME TELL, lyrical drama in
Jan. 30, 1775. Violinist, tbe last " Roi des three acts, text by Sedaiue, music by Grctry,
Violons et des Menetriers." At first a vio- first represented at tbe Italiens, Paris, April
be reliuqnished that in- 9, 1791. The subject, which had previously
loncellist in Paris,
strument for tbe violin, on which he is said been treated musically by Lemiere, was be-
to have rivalled Leclair. He entered tbe yond tbe composer's range. The opera was
GUILLATTME
reinsti-uiueutcJ by Berton .and Eifaut in given also as Guillaume Tell, at the same
1828. house, Dec. 3, 1838 and an Italian version,
;
GUILLAUjME tell, grand oper.a, in Guglielmo Tell, was produced at Her Maj-
tliree acts, textby fiticniie Jouy, Hippolyto esty's,July 11, 1839. The scene is laid
Bis, and Ai-mand Marast, music by liossini, in Switzerland in the thirteenth century.
Original cast in Paris, 1829 :
Arnold M. Adolphe Nourrit.

Walter Î. Levasseur.
Tell M. Dabadie.
Ruodi M. A. Dupont.
Rodolphe M. Massol.
Gessler M. Prevost.
Leuthold M. Prevot.
Jemmy Mme Dabadie.
Mathilde Mme Cinti-Damoreau.
Hedwige Mile Mori.
Each of these roles has since been filled by

famous singers, among whom Gilbert Du-
prez (born in 1806), has been among the
mo.st noted. His novel and stirring reading
of the part of Arnold contributed greatly to
the success of the opera on its revival in
1837 at the Opera. The plot is briefly as
follows : One of the followers of Gessler,
Austrian bailiff in Kiissnacht, having at-
tempted an outrage upon the daughter of
the herdsman Leuthold, is .slain bj' the fa-
ther, who flies for refuge to Tell and is jJro-
first represented at the Aeadt'mie Royale de tected by him. This excites the rage of
Musique, Paris, Aug. 3, 1829. Tlie compos- Gessler, and Melchtal, the father of Arnold,
er's thirty-seventh and last opera, and his is accused of inciting people to insurrection
masterpiece. The Hbretto, derived from and put to death. Arnold, enamoured of Ma-
Schiller's drama, " WilhelmTell" (1804), was thilde, Gessler 's daughter, has long vacillated
written originally in five acts by Jouy, but, between love and dut}', but now renounces
proving unsatisfactory, was largely rewritten his love and devotes himself to avenging
by Bis, and lastly worked over by Marast, his father's death. He joins Tell in the
to whom belongs the conspiracy scene, the mountains, where the second act closes
best in the ojjera. In 1831 the third act with the grand conspiracy scene, the secret
was omitted and the fourth and fifth acts banding together of the cantons under the
were condensed into one, and the opera is leadership of Tell, who promises to lead
now played everywhere in its three-act them to victory or death. In the third act
form but in 185G it was performed entire Gessler, to discover who is and who is not
;
in Paris, and lasted from seven until one loyal, commands everybody to do homage
o'clock. An English version, entitled Hofer, to his hat, which he places ujjon a pole in
the Tell of the Tyrol, text by Planche, mu- the public square at Altorf. Tell refus-
sic arranged by Bishop, was given in Lon- ing, he is ordered to shoot an apj^le from his
don, at Drury Lane, May 1, 1830 it was sou's head.
; When about to retire after ac-
GUILLON
complisLing tliis feat, Gessler demands of Conservatoire of Devieune and of Wunder-
him why he had concealed another arrow lich won the second prize in 1798, and the
;
under his cloak. Tell defiantly answers first in 1808, but had to wait until 1815 be-
that it was intended for him in case he had fore obtaining a position as second flute
slain his son. On this he is thrown into in the orchestra of the Oiiera,
and in the
prison. Mathilde, outraged by her father's royal chapel.
In 181G he became professor
cruel acts, deserts him and joins the pa- at the Conservatoire, and in 1830 started
triots with the purpose of procuring TelFs on a concert tour through Belgium, Ger-
rescue but she is anticipated by Arnold. many, Sweden, etc., and settled at St.
;
Gessler Tell returns in triumph to Petersburg.

is slain. Works 2 concertos for flute :
his family, and Arnold and Mathilde are and orchestra Concertino Themes varies ; ;
united. The overture is Rossini's master- for do. Themes for flute and quartet
;
piece in this form. Among the noteworthy Duos, fantaisies, etc. — Fetis ; Mendel.
numbers in the opera are, in the first act, GUILMANT, FfiLIX ALEX.^NDRE,
the quartet between Tell, Hedwige, Jemmy, born at Boulogne, France, March 12, 1837,
and a fisherman, "Accours dans ma nacelle," still living, 1889. Organist, son and pupil
and the recitative of Arnold, " Le mien, of the organist of the Church of Saint-
dit-il." In the second act are the romance Nicolas, Boulogne pujiil of Gustave Ca- ;
by Mathilde, " Sombre foret," the passion- rulli, and later (1860) of Lemmens. In
ate duet between Mathilde and Arnold, 1857 he became organist of the church of
" Oui, vous I'arrachez :i mou ame," the trio, Saint-Joseph, Boulogne, and maitre de cha-
" Tu n't'tais pas seul en ces lieux," and the pelle of Saint-Nicolas, and soon after pro-
fine chorus at the gathering of the Cantons. fessor of solfege in the Ecole Communale.
The third act contains the air of Tell, in the He was also director and organizer of the
famous scene of the shooting of the apple, Boulogne Sociute Orpheonique and a mem-
" Sois immobile," and a passionate aria by ber of the Societo Philharmonique. In 1871
—
Arnold, "Asile hen'ditaire." Clement and he removed to Paris, where he became or-
Larousse, 3.31 Hanslick, Moderne Oper, ganist of the Church of La Trinite, a posi-
;
118 Upton, Standard Operas, 202.

; tion which he still occupies. He has made
GUILLON, ALBERT, born at Meaux concert tours in England, Italy, and Russia.
(Seine-et-Marne), France, in ISOl, died in Guilmant is one of the best organists of
Venice, April, 1854. Dramatic composer modern times, and is unexcelled for bril-
made his first musical studies at the Cathedral -i masses with
liancy of execution. Woi-ks :
of Paris, then at the Conservatoire pupil of orchestra or organ Motets for 4 voices, ;
Fetis and of Berton won the prix de Rome with do.

; 12 motets for 1—4 voices, with or-
;
in 1825 with his cantata Ariane a Naxos, gan fichos du mois de Marie, canticles
; ;
and lived several years in Rome, whence he Quam dilecta (83d psalm), for soli and
sent some sacred compositions to the In- chorus, with organ, op. 8 Sonatas for or- ;
stitut de France. He then went to Venice, gan Symphony for do., and orchestra
;
and in 1830 wrote for the Teatro della Fen- Many other pieces for organ L'oi-ganiste ;
ice his opera Maria di Brabante, which was pratique. —

Fetis, Supplement, i. 435 Men- ;
well received. Patronized by a noble family, del, Ergiinz., 138 Riemann. ;
who intrusted him with the administration GUIJMET, EJIILE, born in Lyons, France,
of their estates, he abandoned music, and in 1836, still living, 1889. Pianist, pupil of
devoted himself to agriculture. Fetis. —
Debillemont, Lindau, and Luigini. The son
GUILLOU, JOSEPH, born in Paris in of a wealthy chemical manufacturer, he has
1786, died at St. Petersburg, September, given much attention as an amateur to music.
1853. Virtuoso on the flute, pupil at the He has been at the head of the great musical
GUIRAUD
societies of Lj'ons,and is a lueinbor of the sented at the Opera Comique, Paris, Jan. 9,
Academy. "Works L'ceuf blauc ct I'oeuf 1798.
:
Same title, German opera by Siiss-
rouge, ballet, Lyons, Grand Tlu'utre, 18G7 mayer, represented in Vienna in 1800. Ital-
;
Le feu du ciel, oratorio, London, 1872, ian operas by Libani, Rome, 18G9, and Flor-
Paris, 1873. He published a collection of ence, 1870, and by Guarneri, Genoa, 1877.
melodies and pianoforte pieces (1859), be- GUMBEliT, FERDINAND, born in Ber-
sides several orpheonic choruses. — Fetis, lin, April 21, 1818, still
Suppli-ment, i. 435. living, 1889. Dramatic

GUIRAUD, I'^RNEST, born, of French composer studied
; first
New Orleans, Louisiana, June 23,

parents, in the violin, then sing-
1837, still living, 1889. Dramatic composer, ing under Fischer and
son and pupil of Jean Ba^jtiste Guiraud, who composition under Clii-
won in 1827 the grand prix de Eome. He pius. Destined to be
visited Paris at the age of twelve and on his a bookseller, he pre-
return to New Orleans brought out an opera ferred the stage, and
Le roi David. Soon after he went again to secured a theatrical en-
Paris,and studied, at the Conservatoire, the gagement at Sonders-
pianoforte under llarinontel (2d jiiize, hausen in 1839, and another as baritone
1857 1st prize, 1858), harmony under in Cologne in 1840-42.
; Then, taking
Barbercau, and composition under Halevy Kreutzer's advice, he settled in his native
grand prix de Rome, 1859, for his cantata, city as a teacher and composer.
His songs
Bajazet et le joueur de flute. Was in Rome are very popular. Works — Operettas
Die :
18C0-G3, served during the war of 1870-71, schi'me Schusterin, given in Berlin, 1844 ;
and when it was ended played at the Concerts Die Kuust geliebt zu werdeu, 1850 Der ;
Populaires, bringing out at one of them in kleine Ziegenhirt, 1854 Bis der Rechte
;
1872 a suite for orchestra which secured kommt, 185G Karolina, and others More
; ;
him a recognized position among the leaders than 400 songs. He has published also
of the French school of composers. Ap- German ti'anslations of songs, and of Oflen-
pointed professor of harmony and accom- bach's and other French operas articles for ;
paniment at the Conservatoire in 1876. musical journals, and the book, ]\Iusik, Ge-
—
Works Operas Sylvie, Paris, Opera Co-
: lesenes und Gesammeltes (Berlin, 18G0).
mique, 18G4 Eu prison. Theatre Lyrique,
; — Mendel Riemann Fetis, iv. 161 Sup-
; ; ;
18G!) ;Le Kobold, Opera Comique," 1870 plement, i. 438. ;
Madame Turlupin, Theatre de TAtheuee, GUJIPELTZHAIMER, ADA:M, born at

1872 Gretna-Green, ballet, Opera, 1873
; Trostberg, Bava- ;
Piccolino, Opera Comique, 187G La galante ria, in 1559, died

;
aventure, ib., 1882 Gli avventurieri, opera in Augsburg,

;
buflfa ;Messe solennelle Concert overture, 1G25. Church

;
etc. — Fetis, Supplement, i. 437 Riemann.- composer, pupil

;
GULISTAN, OU LE HULL.A. DE SAM- in Augsburg of

ARCANDE, opera- comique in three acts, the monk Jodo-
text by La Chabeaussiere, niu.sic by Dalaj-- cus Enzmiiller ;
rac, first represented at the Opera Comique, in 1575 he en-

Paris, Sept. 20, 1805. The subject is from tered the service
the ".Vrabian Nights." of the Duke of
GULNARE, OU LESCLAVE PER-
Wiirtemberg in 1581 he became cantor ;
S.\NE, opera-coniique in one act, text by in Augsburg. His church music is of a

Marsollier, music by Dalayrac, first repre- high order. Works Erster Theil des Lust- :
GUNG'L
gilrtleius teiitscli uud lateiuischer LieJer
(born, 1828, died in 1883), was also a fa-
von 3 Stimmen (Augsburg, 1591) Zwei- vourite composer of dance music, gave con-
;
ter Theil (ib., IGll) Erster des Wiirtzgiiit- certs in Berlin, 1843-45, and St. Peters-
;
leius -l-stimiuiger geistlicher Liedei- (ib., burg, 1845-54, and retired to Fiinfkirchen,
159i) Zweiter Theil, do. (ib., 1G19) Psal- Hungary, in 1862.
; ; Mendel Fetis; Kie- — ;
mus 1. octo vocuiii (ib., 1G04) Partitio sa- manu, 351.

;
crorum conceutuum, etc. (ib., 1014) Pars GURLITT, COENELIUS, born at Al-
;
ii., do. (ib., 1G19) Zelm geistliclie Lieder tona in 1820, still living there, 1889. Dra-
;
mit 4 stimmen; Fiiiif do.; Newe teutscbe matic composer, pupil of Reinecke the el-
geistliche Lieder (ib., 1591-92) Motets. der professor at the Conservatorium, Ham-
;
;
He also rearranged and edited the famous burg was appointed royal music director
;
Compendium musiese of Heiurich Faber, in 1874. Works Scheik Hassan, opera :

;
under the title, Comf)eudium musicic pro Die rOmische Mauer, oîeretta Rafael San- ;
illius artis tironibus, etc. (Augsburg, 1591- zio, do.; Quartet for strings; 3 sonatas
1G75, 12 editions). —
Allgem. d. Biogr., x. for violin Sonata for violoncello 2 sona-
; ;
119; Fetis; Mendel; Eiemauu Ambros, tinas for do. Sonatas for jîauoforte In-
; ; ;
iii. 559 Monatshefte fiir Musikgeschichte structive pieces for do.; Songs and duets.
;
(1870), 27; (1872), 51, 122 Wiuterfeld, Der

; —
Riemann Mendel. ;
evang. Kirchengesang, i. 498. GURRLICH, JOSEPH AUGUSTIN, born

GUNG'L, JOSEPH, born at Zs:'imb6k, at Miiusterberg, Silesia, in 17G1, died in
Hungary, Dec. 1, Berlin, June 27, 1817. He studied the-
1810, died at Wei- ology in the Jesuit Latin school in Breslau.
mar, Jan. 31, 1889. In 1784 he became organist at the Hed-
Bandmaster, jj u - wigskirche, Berlin, in 1790 entered the
pil of Semann. He court orchestra there, in 1811 was aj)-
entered the Aus- pointed assistant conductor of the opera,
trian army as an and in 1816 court Kapellmeister. Works
oboist, and soon Operas —
Das Incognito, Berlin, 1797
:
;
became band- Der Opernschneider, ib., 1801 Hans Max ;
master. With his Giesbrecht von Humpenburg, ib., 1815

band gave concerts Alfred der Grosse (unfinished). Ballets
in the German cit- Das Opfer vor der Bildsilule des Amor, Ver-
ies until 1843, when he collected an orches- tumnus und Pomona, 1804 Die Einschif- ;
tra of his own in Berlin. In 1849 he took fuug nach Cythera, Die Schwesteru als Ne-
this orchestra to the United States, but was benbuhlerinnen, Der Dorfschulmeister, Die
not very succes.sful. He was appointed Verwaudlungeu aus Liebe, 1805 Der uu- ;
royal Prussian musical dii-ector in 1850, terbrochene Dorfjahrmarkt, 1806 Echo ;
Kapellmeister to an Austrian infantry regi- und Narcissus, 1813 Lucas iind Laui'ettc, ;
ment in 1858 settled in Munich in 18G4, 1815 Die Riickkehr des Mars, 1815 Die
; ; ;
and moved to Frankfort-on-the-Main in deutschen Frauen, Alexander und Campas-

187G. With his orchestra he has visited pe, Der Maler, 1817 Music to Goethe's ;
almost all the larger cities of Europe, and Die Laune des Yerlieben do. to several ;
played chieHy light music of his own com- dramas L' Obedienza di Giouata, oratorio
; ;
position. His dances have been almost as 4 cantatas Pianoforte nnisic and songs. ;
popular as those of Strauss. W'orks Hun- —Fetis IMendel Schilling.

: ; ;
garian march, oj). 1, and other marches and GUSTAVE m., on le bal masque (The
dances, numbering altogether more than Masked Ball), opera in five acts, text by
300 pieces. His nephew, Johaun Guug'l Scribe, music by Auber, first represented
(tUTE
at the Actidi'mic Royale de Miisique, Paris, were burned. In 1793 he returned to Vi-
Feb. 27, 18:i3. Tlic" libretto deals with the enna after an absence of seven years. Un-
story of Giistaviis III. of Sweden, who was derstanding six languages, he acted as sec-
shot at a masked ball in 1792, by Ankar- retar}- of legation iu several German cities,
strom, the iustruineiit of a conspiracy of no- and in 1804-31 was Kajiellmeister of the
bles; but Scribe has taken liberties with court theatre in Vienna, from which he re-
history by making the king the victim of tired ou a slender isension. His fertility
au outraged husband. The scene of the was remarkable, and his compositions were
masked ball in the last act is magnificent, very popular iu their time, though they ai'e
and is often represented singly. The galop now forgotten. His style is often an imita-
from Gustave is famous. tion of Haydn's. Works Operas Selico, — :
GUTE NACHT, DU WELTGETUM- 1804 Agnes Sorel, 1806 Der Augenai-zt,

; ;
MEL, bass aria in G minor, with accompa- 1811 Die Priifung, 1813, approved by
;
niment of strings complete, and continuo, Beethoven; Helene, 1816 Felix und Adele, ;
in Johauu Sebastian Bach's cantata for 1831 Ida, die Biissende

; Emerike Semi- ; ;
Doni. xvi post Trinit., " Wer weiss, wie ramide II finto Stanislao Federica e Adol-
; ;
nahe mir mein Ende " (Bachgesellschaft, fo Mirina, melodrama.

; Oj)erettas Der :
No. 27) published separately, with addi- betrogene Betriiger Der dreizehnte Man-
;
;
tional accompaniments by Kobert Frauz, by tel Der blinde Harfner Der Sammtrock
; ; ;
r. Whistling, Lcipsie, 1860. Winterquartier iu Amerika Gemahl von ;
GYl'SY B.AJION.THE. SeeZigcunerbaron. Ungefiihr Das zugemauerte Fcnster Die ; ;
GYPSY'S WARNING, THE, English ro- Junggeselleuwirthschaft Das Stiindchen ;

;
mantic opera in three acts, text by Liudley Aladiu Die Pagen des Herzogs von Ven-
;
and Peake, music by Julius Benedict, first dorae. Forty ballets Cantatas, choruses, ;
represented at Drury Lane, Loudon, April and songs 19 masses 60 symphonies 24 ; ; ;
19, 1838. was performed many times in trios

It 44 quartets 3 quintets
; 12 sere- ; ;
Germany. " Rage, rage, thou angry storm," nades 36 jiianoforte sonatas 12 nocturnes
; ;
;
and "Blest be the home," were frequently Overtures, dances, marches, and other mu-
sung in concerts. sic. —
Biogi'aphie des Adalbert Gyrowetz (Vi-
GYROWETZ, ADALBERT, born at Bud- enna, 1848) Wurzbach, vi. (i2 Allgem. d. ; ;
weis, Bohemia, Feb. 19, 1763, died in Vi- Biogr., X. 247 Riehl, Mas. Charakterki)pfe, ;
enna, March 19, 1850. Dramatic composer, i. 211 Mendel Fetis Grove. ; ; ;
pupU of his fatlier, a choirmaster. He be-

gan the study of law at I'rague Universitj',
but jioverty compelled him to accept the
HAACK, FRIEDRICH, born in Pots-
post of secretary to Count von Fihifkirchen. dam in 1760, died (V). Violinist,
He went to Vienna, where Mozart intro- Inothcr of Karl Haack at an early ;
duced his compositions to the public he ; age he joined the orchestra of the Prince of
then visited Italy and studied two years Prussia as violinist, but studied the piano-
under Sala in Naples. In 1789 he travelled forte and the organ, and composition under
iu France, and proved himself the composer Fasch. He became organist at Stargard,
of symphonies that had been performed as Pomerania, in 1779, and later music direc-
Haydn's but the troubles of the Revolu-
; tor and organist in Stettin, where he con-
tion soon drove him to London, where he ducted amateur concerts from 1793. He
was well received by the Prince of Wales composed the opera. Die Geisterinsel, an
and others, and found liberal publishers. oratorio, symphonies, pianoforte concerto
He was engaged to write an opera, but the and trios, and a violin concerto. — Mendel
opera-house and the score of Semiramide Fetis ; Schilling.
nAACK
HAACK, IvARL, born in Potsdam, Feb. Honour in 1822, and after the Revolution of
18, 1757, died there, Sept. 28, 1810. Vio- July, 1830, became first violinist to the king.
linist, pupil of Franz Beuda. He entered From 1828 he conducted for twenty years
the orchestra of the Prince of Prussia and the new Societu des Concerts du Conserva-
was Conzertmeister before 1782 on the ac- toire, and was the first to introduce Bee-
;
cession of Friedrich Wilhelm II. he became thoven's symphonies into France. Works :
roj'al chamber musician and in 179G Con- Several numbers for the opera of Aladin,
zertmeister. He was jjensioned about 1811. given in 1822 Le page inconstant, ballet, ;
He was also a good pianist. Works 6 violin 1823 Compositions for violin and piano-
:
;
concertos 3 sonatas for pianoforte Cham- forte or orchestra Church music Songs,
; ; ; ;
—
ber music, songs, etc. Mendel Hchilling etc. —
Fetis, Wasielew.ski, Die Violine und
;
;
Futis Gerber(1790),
; .567 (1812), ii. 153. ihre Meister, 372-375
i. ; Hart, The Violin, ;
HAAS, Pater ILDEPHONS, born at Of- 304 Dubourg, The Violin, 209. ;
fenburg, April 23, 1735, died May 30, 1791. H.ABERBIER, ERXST, bom in Kr.nigs-
Singer and violinist, jnipil of "Wolbrecht berg, Oct. 5, 1813, died at Bergen, Norway,
entered the Benedictine Monastery of Et- March 12, 1869. In 1832 he went to St.
tenheimmiinster in 1751, and became a priest Petersburg where he became court pianist ;
in 1759. He then studied composition, and in 1847 gave concerts in London in 1850 ; ;
the violin, on which he had ali'eady been then retired for six months to Christiania,
much advanced by Wenzel Stamitz. Cor- Norway, and elaborated a system of finger-
respondence with Kaiser, Vogler, and Port- ing rapid pianoforte jiassages by alter-
mann, and the study of Mattheson's and nately using both hands. This system, which
Marpurg's works, but especially Fux's beai's his name, was not, however, of his
Gradus ad Pai'nassum completed his musi- inventing, as J. S. Bach and others had ap-
cal education. He was librarian of his con- plied it long before him. He played in
vent, and his exertions in studying mathe- concerts at Paris in 1852 later visited ;
matics hastened his end. He composed Germany, Russia, and Denmark, and set-
masses, vesjiers, and other church music. tled as teacher in Bergen in 186G. Com-
— Schilling; Mendel; Gerber. posed numerous brilliant pieces for piano-
HABEXECK, FK.\JS^gOIS ANTOINE, forte. —
Fetis, iv. 173 do., Supplement, i.
;
bom at Mezi- 440 Mendel, iv. 467.

;
eres, June 1, HABERMANN, FRANZ JOHANX, born

1781, died in at Konigswarth, Bohemia, in 170G, died at
Paris, Feb. 8, Eger, April 7, 1783. He studied music in
1819. Violinist, Italy then travelled in Spain and France in
; ;
son of a Ger- Paris entered the service of Prince de Coude

man musician in in 1731; later was made maestro di cappella
a French mili- to the ducal court of Florence. He com-
t y band;
a r posed an opera for Maria Theresa's corona-
played in pub- tion in Prague, had many pupils, and con-
lic at the age of ten He studied at the ducted music in two churches there and ;
Paris Conservatoire under BaiUot, won the in 1773 went to Eger as music director of
first violin prize in 1804, and developed a church. Published 12 masses (Prague,
a talent for conducting in the Consei'vatoire 174G) and 6 litanies (ib., 1747), and left in
concerts in 180G-15. He became first vio- manuscript the oratorios Conversio pecca-
linist of the Opera in 1818, director in 1821- toris and Deodatus, symphonies, sonatas,
24, conductor of the orchestra in 1821-4G. and many works of church music. Mendel — ;
He received the cross of the Lecion of Ft'tis : Wurzbach ; Schilling.

IIAP.KRT
HABERT, .TOHANN EV.VNDER, horn scribes Chinese national airs and songs,
lit Obcriilan, Bohemia, Oct. 18, 1833, still for which she gained a medal at the Ex-
living, 1889. After heing a school-teacher position, and one from the Chinese Com-
for nine years, he was appointed, one of these pieces, La desceute
in 18G1, mission ;
organist at Gmunden, Upper Austria. He

de I'hirondelle, is taken from the collection
has composed masses, other church music, of popular songs by Confucius. La chan-
and some pianoforte pieces and songs. son du the is by a Chinese emperor of the
—Menilcl. ISth centui-y. —Fetis, Sujiplement, i. 4-iO ;
HACKEL, ANTON, born in Vienna, April Mendel, Ergiinz., 140.

17, 17'JO, died there, July 1, 184G. Amateur H.IFFNER, JOHANN CHRISTIAN
vocal composer, pupil of Franz Freystiidter FRIEDRICH, born at Oberscln'mau, near
and Emanuel Alois Forster was a govern- Suhl, March 2, 17.59, died at Upsal, Sweden,
;
ment official in the department of build- j\[ay 28, 1833. Organist, pupil of Vierling
ings, but found time to produce many com- at Schmalkalden, and from 177G student at
positions, chiefly songs, and church and Leipsic University, where he supported
His ballad, Die niichtlichc himself by proof-reading for Breitkopf &
military music.
Heerschau, was very popular. "Wurzbach
—
Hilrtel. After travelling with ojiera com-
;
Fi'tis; Jlendel Schilling.

; panies as music director, he became in 1780
HACKENSOELLNER, LEOPOLD, Aus- organist of the German church in Stock-
trian pianist and composei', contemporary. holm and accompanist at the opera there,
He settled in Florence, where he is director receiving in 1787 the title and in 1793 the
of the Philharmonic Society; has comjJosed office of court Kapellmeister removed to ;
several French operettas, produced in Flor- Upsal in 1808, and was made organist of
ence, of which Le do obtained considerable the cathedral and musical director of the
success ;also a comic opera, La villa du university in 1820. He wrote three operas,
spirife. —Fetis, Supplement, i. -iiO. Elektra, Alcides, and Rinaldo, in the style
HACKER, BENICDICT, born at Metten, of Gluck Swedish songs, organ, and other ;
near Deggendorf, Nether Bavaria, May 30, music. Futis Schilling —

Mendel Rie-
; ; ;
17G9, died (?). Composer, pupil of Michael mann.

Haydn and Leopold Mozart was violinist in
; HAFFNER SYMPHONIE, a name some-
a convent choir, and from 1780 to 1802 a times given to Mozart's Symphony in D
clerk in book-shops at Salzburg then set (KOchel, No. 38.5), to distinguish it from
;
np for himself there as a dealer in music. his 13 others in the same key. It was com-
He wrote a comic opera. List gegen List, for posed in 1782, for the wedding of a daugh-
male voices, 7 masses, a Requiem, and other ter of the Hafifners, one of the wealthy mer-
—
church music, and songs. Fetis Mendel chant families of Germany, and was first
;
Schilling. performed at her marriage in Salzburg, in

H.V.DRI.\N. See Adriano in Siria. the same year.
HADRL\NIUS. See Adriay>.'<en. HAGEMAN, HERlLiN, born at Nccr-
HAENEL DE CRONENTH.\LL, LOU- bosch, Holland, in 1812, still living, 1889.
ISE AUGUSTA JMARIE JULL\, Marquise Organist, pupil of Courbois ; was for twenty-
d'Hericourt de Valincourt, born in Saxony five years organist of his native town. He
in 1839, still living, 1889. Compo.ser, pu- went in 18-59 to Nymwegen, and was or-
pil successively Franchomme, ganist in 18G4 at Grave. He has published
of Tariot,
Stamaty, Provost, and Demersseman. She a treatise on jDlain-chaunt and a collection of
has published nearly 100 works, sympho- plain-chaunt pieces harmonized with organ
nies, sonatas, quartets for strings, varso- accompaniment. —
Fetis, Supplement, i. 442 ;
viennes for orchestra, songs, etc. She tran- Mendel.

IIAGEMAN
HAGEMAN, JIAUMTS LEONARD, Holstein-Schaumburg. Of Lis numerous
born at Zutpben, Holland, Sept. 25, 1829, compositions the best known are some
still living, 188'J. Pianist and violinist, Magnificats for 4-G voices (Dillingeu, IGOG),
pujiil of hjloot and Vrugtman, and at the and German songs for 2-8 voices (Lauiugen,
Royal School of Music at The Hague of 1G14) besides, he has written intrades, gal-
;
Liibeck, Van der Does, Tommassiui, and liardes, courantes, etc., for instruments, and
Baeteus finally, at the Brussels Conserva- fantasias, and fugues. Gerber (1790), i.
; —
toire, of de Brriot. He entered the orches- 578 (1812), ii. 480 FL'tis
; Schilling ; ; ;
tra of the Italian Opera at Brussels as first Mendel.

violinist, became musical director and organ- HAGUE, CHAPiLES, born at Tadcaster,
ist at Grouingeu, and in 18G.5 director of England, in 17G9, died at Cambridge, June
the Maatschappij van Tooukuust at Batavia. 18, 1821. Composer, pupil at Cambridge
Ten years later he returned to Holland, of Manini on the violin, Helleudaal, senior,
lived for a year in Brussels, and settled at in thorough-bass and composition, and
Leeuwarden, where he assumed the direc- studied also under Salomon and Dr. Cook.
tion of a great music school and a singing He settled in Cambridge, where he became
society. He has composed a few cantatas, Mus. Bac. in 1794 professor of music in ;
pianoforte music, and songs. —

Riemann the university in 1799, and Mus. Doc. in
;
Viotta. 1801. His anthem, "By the Waters of

HAGER, JOHANNES, born in Vienna, Babylon," published in score, and an ode
Feb. 24, 1822, still living there, 1889. Real (1811) were great favourites. He arranged
name, Johana von Hasslinger-Hassingen Haydn's 12 symphonies as quintets, and
;
he is an aulic councillor in the Minis- published two collections of glees. Grove — ;
try of Foreign xVfl'airs. Dramatic composer, Fc'tis Mendel. ;
pupil of AJ. Becker, Fischhof, J. Hauser, HAHN, BERNH.ARD, bom at Leubus,

Moritz Hauptmaun, and Mendelssohn has Silesia, Dee. 17, 1780, died in Breslau in
;
published also a series of excellent works 1852. Pupil of his father in singing and
of chamber music. Works Jolantha, opera, violin
: was choir-boy in Breslau, then
;
given in Vienna, 1849 Marfa, do., ib., played the violin in the private quartet of
;
1886 (composed in 18G1) Johannes der Count Matuschka in Pitschen, where FOrs-
;
Tiiufer, oratorio Symphony Mass Con- ter instructed him further. He was influ-
; ; ;
certo for violoncello Sextet for strings

; enced by Tiirk in Halle in 1804, then re-
Quartets, trios, etc. Songs and ballads. turned to Breslau, where he sang in the
;
— Riemann. cathedral and taught singing in the Catholic

HAGroS, JOHANN, German composer gymnasium in 1815, and later succeeded
of the last half of the IGth centurj'. He Schnabel as Kapellmeister of the cathedral.
was a preacher in Eger and an able musi- He wrote songs, church music, and vocal
cian. He had the original idea of setting instruction books. — Mendel ; Fetis ; Schil-
the sayings of celel)rated men
music and ling Riemann.
to ;
publishing them under the title of Symbola. HAHN, GEORG JOACHBI JOSEPH,
The Emperor Maximilian H., Luther, and German comjjoser of the 18th century. He
Melanchthon were among the celebrities was senator and music director at Miinner-
thus symbolized. —
AUgem. d. Biogr., x. stiidt, Franconia, and wrote masses, psalms,
354 Fotis Gerber.
; ; arias, pianoforte i)ieces, and works on
HAGIUS, KONRAD, born at Rinteln, theory.— Mendel ; Schilling Gerber (1790), ;
Schaumburg-Hesse, in 1559, died (?). He i. 579 (1812), ii. 482 Futis. ; ;
lived in Poland in his youth, and afterwards HAHN, THEODOR, born at Dobers,
became chamber musician to the Count of Silesia, Sept. 3, 1809, died in Berlin in
IIAHNEL
18G5. Organist, pupil of Klein at Schmietlc- HAIL! GENTLE SLEEP. See Puri-
berg, Kiuk find Gottfrifd "Weber in
of lan'n Daugbter.
Darmstadt, and of B. Klein and Zelter in HMNE, Iv/VllL, born in Augsburg, Jan.
Berlin. He went to Paris in 1S38, and re- 2, 1830, still living, 1889. Tbe son of an
ceived advice from Bordogni and Lablacbe ;
opera singer, be played tbe j)ianoforte in
tbeii visited Italy and Austria, and on republic at tbe age of eiglit, made concert tours
turning to Berlin became organist of St. witb bis fatber, and wben sixteen years old
Peter's and in 1840 singing teacber and was music director of a travelling company
Repotitor of tbe royal opera scliool. Works in Westpbalia, and in 1847 entered tbo :
Cantatas, motets, psalms, songs, and organ tbeatre orcbestra of Jlainz. After visiting
music. — Sleudol Viotta.; Pc'tisHanau and Worms, be taugbt in Bocbolt in
;
HAHNEL, See Galhis.

J.VCOB. 1849-51 was tbeatrical music director in ;
H.VIBEL (Haibl), JACOB, born in Gratz Auricb and Enulen became organist of tbo ;
in 17G1, died in Deakovar in 182G. After catbedral in Worms in 1852 and of tbe syn-
playing in tbe provinces, be became tenor agogue tbere in 18G8, founding an orcbes-
singer and actor at Scbikauedcr's tbeatre ti-al society in 1872. He wrote an opera,
in Vienna from 1789, and tbere composed Der Graf von Burguud, an operetta, and
about ten ligbt operettas. In 180-4 be be- lîanoforte and vocal music. Mendel. —
came cburcb Kapellmeister to tbe Bisbop HAINL, GEOPiGES FRAN^'OIS, born
of ]3osnia in Deakovar. Tbe most iDojmlar at Issoire, France, Nov. 19, 1807, died in
of bis operettas Der Tyroler Wastel, Paris, June 2, 1873. VioloncelUst, studied
were :
Der Landsturm (sequel), Das mediciniscbe at tbe Paris Conservatoire iinder Norblin,
Collegium, Papagei und Gans, Der Eiu- and gained tbo first violoncello prize in 1830.
zug in das Friedens-Quartier, Tscbing He was conductor of tbe orcbestra at tbe
Tscbing He wrote also tbe music to sev-
!. Grand Tbratre of Lyons from 1840 went ;
eral ballets. —
Allgem. d. Biogr., x. 379 ;
to Paris in 18G3 as conductor of tbe Acade-
Wur/.bacb Mendel Fetis.
; ; mio do Musique, and was conductor of tbo
H.UGH, THOJLIS, born in London Societe des Concerts du Conservatoire in
about 17G9, died tbere, April, 1808. Pian- 18G4-73. Works : Fantasias for violon-
ist and violinist, studied compo.sition in cello, one on Guillaume Tell. He jûblisbed
"
1791-92 under Haydn, some of wbose S3'm- a book entitled " De la musique a Lyon
pbonies be arranged. In 1793 be removed (1852). — Fetis ; Larousse.
to Maucbester, and returned to London in HAKART (Hacquart), C.mOLO, born at
1801. Works : 12 sonatas for jjianoforte Bruges (or at Huy ?) al)out l(i40, died in
and violin ; Sonatas for iDianoforte, four Holland, 1730. Viola di gamba player ;
bands do.,
; for pianoforte and flute ; 3 ca- seems to bave lived at Tbe Hague about
priccios, op. 38 ; 3 serenatas, op. 40 ; 12 16SG in tbe service of tbe Prince of Orange.
preludes ; Songs, glees, etc. — Fetis ; Grove. — Works : Cantiouessacrre (1G74) Harmonia ;
HAIL COLUJIBIA, a popular American parnassia (1G8G) Motetti (1700) Prrcludia

; ;
song, music from tbe President's Marcb by (170G) 10 ; sonatas for 2 viole di gamba
Feyles, words by Judge Josepb Hopkinson, and bass (1700) Music to Dirk Buysero's ;
written in 1798 for an actor. Fox, and first comedy De triomfeei'eude Miu (1680). Vi- —
sung by bim in a tbeatre in Pbiladelpbia in otta.
tbat year. It became at once a national (Hackenberger), AN- HAKENBERGER
song. Hail Columbia, a Fest-Ouverture by DREAS, cburcb composer of tbe 17tb cen-
Karl Habnstock, op. 5, written for tbe Pbil- tury. In lGlO-28 be was Kapellmeister in
barmonic Society of New York, publisbed tbe Marieukircbe of Dantzie. Possibly a pu-
by Scbubertb (Leipsic and New York). pil of bis predecessor Jobaunes Wauniugus,
HAKIXG
he was a -vvortlij' representative of tlie tend- the same name. He entered Cazot's solfege
[
ency ijrevailing at the end of the IGth cen- class at the Conservatoire in 1809 in 1810
;
tury, and ranks among the best masters of he began to study ,^->--.
his time. —
Works Newe teutsche Gesaenge the pianoforte un-
:
mit 5 Stimmen, etc. (Dantzic, IGIO) OJaria der Charles Lam- ;
suavissima, etc. (Leipsic, 1612) Harmonia bert, and in 1811

;
sacra, seu 6 motetti G-12 voc. (Frankfort, harmony under Ber-

1G17) Motets for 0-12 voices (Leipsic, ton. He then stud-
;
1G12-19) Sacri modulorum concentus, for ied counterpoint for

;
8 voices (Stettin, 1G1.5, Frankfort, IGIG, five years under

Wittenberg, 1G19) ; Odfc sacra; Christo in- Cherubini. He took
fautulo, etc. (Leipsic, 1G19). — Allgem. d. the Prix de Rome in
Biogr., X. 397 ; Fi'tis. 1816 with his canta-
HAKING, Rev. lUCHAED, born in Eng-
Herminie, and set out for Rome the year
ta,
land in 1830, still living, He took

While in Italy he worked hard at an
1889.
after.
holy orders in 18G1, became rector of Eas- opera and other music. On his retuni to
ton Grey, Malmesbiiry, in 1873, and of Cong- Paris, after many disappointments, he suc-
ham, Norfolk, in 1882. In 18G4 he was ceeded in having L'artisau brought out at
made Mus. Doc, Oxford. Works: Canta- the Theatre Feydeau in 1827, but with de-
tas 2 lyrical legends
; Orchestral pieces
; servedly little success yet, for several years
; ;
Solos for violin, violoncello, An- he continued to produce ojieras, which

flute, etc. ;
thems Part-songs.
; showed a steady advance in his art. His
HAKON JARL, cantata for solos and reputation with musicians was sufficient to
male chorus, with orchestra, text bj' Hein- induce the management of the Opera Co-
rich Carsten, music by Carl Reinecke, op. mique to enti-ust to him the completion of
142, first p)erformed in 1877. Published Herold's unfinished ojêra, Ludovic, and this
by Breitkopf & Hiirtel (Leipsic, 1877). The woi-k was brought out with great success
subject is from Ohlenschliiger's tragedy of in 1834. But Halevj-'s first definite triumi^h
" Hakou Jurl." He has used the same was in 1835, with La Juive, with which his
theme for a symphonic poem in C minor, second manner began. Six months later
first performed at the Gewandhans, Leijjsic, he won fresh laurels with L'eclair. His
Feb. 23, 1880. I. Allegro, Hakon Jari U. reputation was now most brilliant, yet it
;
Andante, Thora HI. Intermezzo, AUegretto was not until 1838 that he produced Guido
;
moderato, in Odin's Grove IV. Olaf's Vic- et Glnevi-a, a work which, though full of
;
tory (1880). Frederik Suietana also wrote beauties of a high order, failed to catch the
a symphonic poem on this subject. —
Upton, popular taste. Les treize (1839) and Le
Standard Symphonies, 304. drapier (1840) had no better luck, but La
H.\LfiVY, (JACCÛESFRAXgOIS) FRO- reine de Chyj^re, Opera, 1841, again placed
JIENTAL (£LIE), born in Paris, May 27, him iipon the pinnacle of succes.s, although
'
1799, died at Nice, jMarch 17, 1862. The the work, as a whole, was hardly up to the
family name was Levy, but was changed by two master-works. La juive and
level of his
Fromental's father in compliance with a L'eclair. It has been suspected that the
proposal made in 1807 by the French gov- resounding success of Meyerbeer's Les Hu-
ernment, in concert with a decree of the guenots, in 183G, overstimulated his ambi-
Sanhedrim convoked at Paris, to all Jews tion, and led him to attempt tasks not con-
in France to modify their surnames, to genial to his east of genius but it is more
;
avoid the confusion in the government reg- probable that he often worked on subjects
isters arising from many families having which did not inspire him. As it is, tliere
iialEvy
are few of his operas wliich do not con- 15, 1839 Le sherif, ib., Sept. 2, 1839 Le ; ;
taiu beauties of a very Li^'h order, aud drapier. Opera, Jan. G, 1810 Le cjuilarrero, ;
be bas always been ratber undervalued by Opera Comique, Jan. 21, 1811 La reine de ;
the French public. Meyerbeer's reputation Chyprc, Ojiera, Dec. 22, 1811 Charles VI., ;
reached its height just in time to throw ib., March 15, 1813 Le lazzarone, ou le ;
Halevy's into the shade at the very turning- bien vient en dormant, ib., March 29, 1811
point of the Litter's career. He had far Les mousquetaires de la I'eine, Ojx'ra Co-
greater depth of .sentiment than his more mique, Feb. 3, 181G Les premiers pas (in ;
successful rival, and was more prone to be collaboration with Adam, Auber, and Cara-
true to a high ideal but he had not so acute fa). Opera National, Nov. 15, 1817; Le Vul
;
a perception of what would be effective with d'Andorre, Opera Comique, Nov. 11, 1818 ;
the public, and was not always careful to La fee aux roses, ib., Oct. 1, 1819 La luin- ;
make his style perfectly clear. The suc- peala, London, Her Majesty's Theatre, June
cess of La Juive procured him the succes- 8, 1850 La dame de pique, Paris, Opera
;
sion to Heic'ha at the Institut, in 1836. Comique, Dec. 28, 1850 Le Juif errant, ;
In 181(5 he had already begun to teach sol- Opera, April 23, 1852 Le Nabab, Opera ;
fi'ge at the Conservatoire, and was made Comique, Sept. 1, 1853 Jwjuarlla I'lndi- ;
professor of harmony in 1827, being pro- enne. Theatre Lyrique, May 11, 1855 ;
moted to the professorship of counterpoint L'inconsolable (given under the pseudonym

in 1833, and to that of composition in 1810. Alberti, but attributed to Halevy), ib., June
Gounod, Victor Masse, Baziu, Henri Duver- 13, 1855 Valentine tl'Aubigny, Opera Co-
;
noy, Bizet, and many others of note were mique, April 2G, 185G La magiciannc, Ope- ;
among his pupils. In 1827 he was accom- ra, March 17, 1858 Valentine d'Oruauo,
;
panying pianist at the Theatre Italien, and unfinished Noe, ou le Deluge, unfini.shed.
;
in 182!) he became chef du chant at the n. Cantatas, Ballets, etc.: Les deruiers mo-
Opera. He was chosen permanent secre- ments du Tasse, cantata (2d prize. Conser-
tary of the Academic des Beaux-Arts in vatoire, 181G) ; La mort d' Adonis, cantata
1854 He died of consumption at Nice, (2d grand prix, Conservatoire, 1817) ; Her-
but was buried in Paris, March 21, 18G2. minie, cantata (prix de Rome, 1819) ; De
"Works I. Operas Les bohemiennes, never
: : profundis for 3 voices and orchestra, to a
performed Pygmalion, do. Les deus pa-
; ; Hebrew text, for the death of the due de
vilions, do. L'artisan, Paris, Opera Co-
; Berry, given at the synagogue in the rue
mique, Jan. 1827 Le roi et le batelier (in Saint-Avoye, Paris, March 21, 1820 Manou
; ;
collaboration with Kifaut), ib., Nov. 3, 1828 Lescaut, ballet. Opera, May 3, 1830 Over-
; ;
Clari, Theatre Italien, Dec. !), 1828 Le di- ture aud incidental music to Promethee
;
lettante d'Avignon, Opera Comique, Nov. 7, eucbaine (translated from ^schylus by his
1829 Attendre et courir (in collaboration brother, Leon Halevy), Theatre Fraujais,
;
with H. de lluoltz), ib.. May 29, 1830 La March 18, 1819 Italie, cantata. Opera Co-; ;
langue musicale, ib., Dec. 11, 1830 Yella, mique, June

;
never performed La tentatiou, ballet-opera

;
with Gide), Paris, Opera,

(in collaboration
June 20, 1832 Les souvenirs de Lafleur,
;
7, 1819 Les
./^^h- r^ ^^
plages du Nil,
cantata
;
; Sev-
Opera Comique, ^March 4, 1833 Ludomv eral choruses for male
"f^^
;
(begun by Herold), ib.. May 1(5, 1833 La ; voices. HI. Pianoforte

Jaiue, Opera, Feb. 23, 1835 ; li'kiair, Ope- music, etc. : Sonata for
ra Comique, Dec. 30, 1835 ; Guido et Gi- four hands ; Rondo, or cajsriccio, and other
nevra, ou la peste de Florence, Opera, March fugitive pieces Many songs and duets. ;
9, 1838 ; Les treize, O^xira Comique, April —

Leou Halevy, F. Halevy, sa vie, ses ccuvres
HALL
(Paris,Paul Dupont, 18G2 2d ed., enlarged, Occasional Oratorio, and the Coronation
;
—
with portrait and autograph, Paris, Heugel, Anthems. Schcelcher, Handel, 253 ; Eock-
18G3) Edouard Monuais, F. Halev^', etc. stro, 239.
;
(Paris, Chaix, 18G3) ; Ai-thur Poughi, F. HALLfiN, ANDERS, bora at Goten-

Halevy, Ecrivaiu (Paris, Claudiu, 1865). burg, Sweden, Dec. 22, 1846, still living,
HALL, HENRY, born at Windsor, Eng- 1889. Dramatic composer, pupil of Rei-
land, about 1655, died March 30, 1707. uecke at Leipsic (1866-68), of Rheinberger
Organist, said to have studied under Dr. in Munich (1869), and of Rietz in Dresden
Blow became organist of Exeter Cathedral
; (1870-71). In 1872-78, and again from
in 1674, and later organist and vicar-choral 1883, conductor of the concerts of the mu-
of Hereford Cathedral. Works Te Deum : sical union at Gotenburg in the mean-
;
in E-flat Benedicite in C minor Cantate

; ; while he lived mostly in Berlin. Works :
Domino and Deus Misereatur in B-liat Harald der Viking, opera, given at Leipsic,
Five anthems Songs and duets. His son
; 1881, and Stockholm, 1883 2 Swedish ;
Henry was also organist and vicar-choral of rhapsodies, op. 17 and 23 Vom Pagen ;
Hereford Cathedral, and his son William und der KOnigstochter, Balladeucyclus for
was a member of the king's band. Grove. — chorus, solo, and orchestra Traumkunig ;
HALLfi, CHARLES (Karl Halle), born at und sein Lieb, do. Das Ahrenfeld, for fe- ;
Hagen, Westjihalia, male chorus, with pianoforte Vineta, cho- ;
April, 11, 1810, still ral rhajjsody with pianoforte Romance for
;
living, 1889. Pianist, violin, with orchestra ; German and Swed-

studied with Rink in ish songs. — Riemann.
Darmstadt in 1835. HALLSTROM, IVAR, born in Stock-
He went in 1810 to holm, 1826, still living, 1889. Dramatic
Paris, where he as- composer studied law and became private
;
sociated with Chem- librarian to the Crown Prince, the present

bini, Chopin, and King ; in 18G1 he was apjiointed director
Liszt. In 1818 he of the school of music, as successor to
went to London, Liudblad. Works Operas Hertig Mag- — :
where he first appeared at the orchestral con- nus, given in Stockholm, 18G7 The Rape ;
certs at Covent Garden, May 12, 1818, and at of the Mountain Maid, ib., 1874 Der Berg- ;
the Philharmonic, March 15, 1852. In 1857 kOnig, ib., 1875, Munich, 1876 The Vik- ;
he began his orchestral subscription con- ings, Stockholm, 1877 Nyaga, 1885 The ; ;
certs at Manchester, and in 18G1 his annual Flowers, idyl for solos, chorus, and orches-
series of recitals, in which he performed tra (prize, Stockholm, 1860). Riemann. —
all Beethoven's sonatas in eight matinees. HALM, ANTON, born at Alteumarkt,
He has written a limited number of com- St\ria, June 4, 1789, died in Vienna, April
positions, and a method for the pianoforte. 6, 1872. After having served in the Aus-
— FOtis Mendel.
; trian army as lieutenant until 1811, he set-
H.ALLELUJAH CHORUS, the closing tled down in Vienna to teaching jHanoforte
chorus in the second part of Handel's ora- and composing, and was for many years an
torio of The Messiah. When the oratorio esteemed friend of Beethoven. Works
was first given at Covent Garden Theatre, Solemn Mass G Trios for pianoforte and ;
March 23, 1743, the whole audience, includ- strings, op. 12, 21, 23, 42, 57, 58 ; 3 Quar-
ing King George H., arose and remained tets for strings, op. 38-40 ; 3 Sonatas for
standing until its —
conclusion a custom pianoforte and violoncello, op. 13, 24, 25 ;
still observed. Other Hallelujahs by Han- do. for pianoforte solo, op. 15, 43, 51 ; Ron-
del are in Judas Maccabieus, Athalia, the deaux brilliants, for do., op. 4, 14, 17, 20, 49 ;
IIALTEE
Themes varii's, for do., op. 33, 37, 46, 47, Hiuisen, and Habcrbiei", then in Berlin
50 ; Gmiules 6tiules ilc concert, op. 59 ; (1862) of von Biilow on the pianoforte, and in
Etudes mclodicuses, op. 60 litudes patli6- ;
Paris (1864-68) of Ber-
tiqiies, op. 61 Ktiides In'roiques, op. 62
;
lioz, whose only pupil
;
Sonatas, rondos, inarches, etc., for jHaiio- he was, and with whom
forte (4 hands), op. 41, 44, 45, 48, 54, 56 ;
he went to Vienna iu
Die Kromingsfeicr M. der Kaiscrin Karoline 1866-67 ; during the
Augusta, op. 55. Fctis —
Gassuer, Univ. ; exhibition in Paris he
Lex. (Stuttgart, 1849) Wurzbach. ; was a member of the
H.\LTEH, WILHELM FERDINAND, musical jury, and re-
born in the hist half of the 18th century, ceived gold medal a
died at Kouigsberg, April 10, 1806. While for his de la Hymne
secretary of Konigsberg, lie was an amateur paix. In 1869 he vis-
musician, and later became organist of the ited Italy, and in 1871
reformed church there. His operetta Die became director of the Conservatory- of the
Cantons-llevision, was given at Konigsberg Peabody Institute, and of the Peabody
in 1792, and won him much local fame. symphony concerts at Baltimore, where he
He composed also sonatas (1788), and has done much toward the improvement
songs. —
Mendel Fi'tis Schilling, iii. 428. of musical life. Works Operas Tovelille,
; ; — :
HA:\IAL, HENRI GUILLAUME, boru at op. 12 (1863-65), performed in fragments

Liege in 1685, died there, Dec. 3, 1752. in Paris and Coijenhagen Hjalmar and ;
Organist, pupil of Lambert Pietkiu. He Ingeborg, op. 18 (1868), do., ib., and Stock-
became in 1708 maitre de musique at the holm La vendetta, oj). 20, given in Milan, ;
parochial church of Saint-Trond, whence he 1870 The Traveller, op. 21 (Vienna, 1871) ;
was called to LiOge to be master of the Suites for orchestra Nordische Suite, op. :
sous-maitrise of Saiut-Lambert. He intro- 22(1871-72) Second do., op. 23 (1872-73) ;
duced Italian music into Belgium. Works Third do., op. 24 (1873-74) Fourth do., op.
: ;
Motets Italian and French cantatas Songs 25 (1875-76) Fifth do., op. 26 (1877-78).
; ; ;
iu the Liege patois. Fetis —

Mendel Yi- Symphonies Symphouie poetique, op. 29
; ; :
otta. (1879-80) Symphonie tragique, op. 32 ;
HAIMAL, JE.\N NOEL, born at Lioge, (1882-83) Symphonie lyrique, op. 33 ;
Dec. 23, 1709, died there, Nov. 26, 1778. (1884-85) Symj)honie majestueuse, op. 35 ;
He studied counterpoint at Rome with Giu- (1888). Various works Jiidaische Trilogio :
seppe Amadori, became maitre de chapelle for orchestra, op. 19 (1866-67) Christian ;
at Saint-Lambert in 1738, and again visited Trilogy, for do., baritone solo, mixed
Italy iu 1749. He used the patois of Liege chorus, and organ, op. 31 (1881-82) Re- ;
in his operas. —
Works Oratorios: Jona- quiem, for alto solo, chorus in 6 parts, and
than, Judith. Operas Li voegge di Cho- orchestra, op. 34 (1886-87) May-dance,
:
;
fontaine, written in 1757 Li Ligeois egagi, for female voices, and small orchestra, op.
;
1757 Li Fiess di houte si jjlau, 1758 Les 28 (1879) Opera without words, in 3 parts
; ; ;
Ypocoutes, burlesque opera, 1758. Other for orchestra, or pianoforte, op. 30 (1881)
works: Iu esitu Israel, for two choruses Concert romance for violoncello, with or-
and two orchestras 6 quartets for strings
;
; chestra, op. 27 (1878) Cantatas, chamber ;
3 symphonic pieces for four parts. Mendel — music, and songs.

Fetis ; do., Supplement, i. 446. HAMLET, opera in five acts, text by
HAMERHv, ASGER, boru
Copenha- Michel Carre and Jules Barbier, after
at
gen, April 8, 1843, still living, 1889. Dra- Shakespeare, music by Ambroise Thomas,
m.atic composer, pupil of Gade, Matthison- first represented at the OiJi'ra, Paris, March
HAMLET
9, 1808 ijroduced in London in Italian, as man!, and the others by Belval, Colin, Da-
;
Amleto, at Covent Garden, June 19, 1SG9. vid, Grisy, Castelmary, Poiisard, Gaspard,
The success of this work, written next after and Mermant. The pianoforte score is by
Mignon, and which passed its 200th repre-
sentation at the Opera, Feb. 16, 1883, -won
for the composer in 1871 the position of di-
rector of the Conservatoire. Among the
prominent numbers are The duet in the :
first act between Ophelie and Hamlet,

;
" Doute de la lumicre " the aria of the
Queen, " Dans son regard plus sombre,"
and the chorus of the comedians, "Princes
sans apanages," in the second act the trio ;
in the third act, with the baritone phrase,

"Allez dans un cloitre, Opht'lie," and the
grand scene between Hamlet and his mother
in the same act the andante sung by Ophe-
;
lie in the fourth act, with the waltz-rhythm,

" Partagez-vous mes fleurs," the melody of
which iscontinued by an invisible chorus of
"Willis, while Ophelie disappears in the wa-
ters of the blue lake ; and lastly, the aria of
Vauthrot. Hamlet had been previously set

to music, as Amleto, by Gaspariui, Home,
170-5 ; Domenico Scarlatti, ib., 1715 G. ;
Carcano, Venice, 1790 ; Andreozzi, Genoa,

1793 Mercadante, Milan, 1822
; Buzzola.;
Venice, 1848 L. Moroni, Rome, 18G0 and

; ;
Franco Faccio, text by Boito, Genoa, 180.5.

It has also been musically treated in Ger-
many by Abt Vogler, about 1791 (published
at Spires) by Mareczek, Briinn, 1840 and
; ;
by Alexander Stadtfeld, Darmstadt, 18.57,

—
and Weimar, 1S82. Lajarte, ii. 242 Am- ;
bros, Bunte Blatter, ii. 53.

Faure as Hamlet. HAMLET, overture for orchestra in C
minor, by Niels W. Gade, op. 37, dedicated
Hamlet, "Comme uue pale flcur," the fu toF.L. HiJedt. .\ndante. Allegro con fuoco,
neral march, and the concluding chorus of Marcia funebre. Performed by the Phil-
young girls. The role of Hamlet was sung harmonic Society of New York, in the sea-
in Paris by Faure, those of Ophelie and of son of 18G8-G9. Published by Breitkopf &
the Queen by ;\Ille Xilssou and Mme Guej-- Hiirtel (Leipsic, 1SG5). Ai-raugcd for piano-
HAMLET
forte by Franz Overtures to Ham- and Franz Hamma. Became music director
Brissler.
let, been written also by in Schaffhausen in 1840, organist of Meers-
for orchestra, bave
Josef Joachim, op. 4, and by George Alex- biu-g on the Lake of Constance in 1842 ;
ander Macfarreu. took part in revolutions in Italy and Baden ;
HAMLET, sympbonic poem for orchestra, lived in Switzerland and Baden taught in ;
by Liszt, op. 4^ No. 10. Written in 1859. Burgdorf, Geneva, and Stuttgart was or- ;
Date of first performance unknown. ganist at Ettlingen, and later teacher iu Neu-
H.VJILET, symphonic poem for orchestra, stadt on the Haardt. He claimed to have
by E. A. JIaedowell, first performed at discovered the original melody of the ]\Iar-
Chickeriug Hall, New York, Nov. 15, 1887. seillaise in a mass by Holtzmann. Works :
HXMyi, JOH.\NN VALENTIN, born at Operettas ; Ballets ; Songs. — jVIcndel ; do.,
Winterhausen, Bavaria, May 11, 1811, died Ergiinz., 144 ; Fctis, Suiipk'ment, i. 447.
at Wiirzburg, Dec. 21, 1875. Violinist and HAMMEL, STEPHAN, born at Gissig-
pianist, pupil at the Frohlich Listitute at heim, Baden, Dec. 21, 1756, died at Veits-
Wiirzburg entered the theatre orchesti-a hc.chheim, Feb. 1, 1830.
; Organist, ed-
there, as viola player in 1831, and became ucated in the Benedictine monastery of St.
later Conzertmeister and music director. Stephen's at Wiirzburg, he entered the
His opera Die Griifin Plater, was well re- order, and became pastor at Veitshiichheim.
ceived at Wiirzburg, 1832. He composed He composed much
church and instru-
also symphonies, overtures, quintets, quar- mental music, of which little has been pub-
tets, marches, dances, and jmrt-sougs. i\Ien- lished. —
Schilling —
do., Supjih'ment, 183 ; ;
del do., Ergiinz., 144

; FcHis, Sujiplement, Mendel
; Fetis. ;
i. 447. HA:\BIER, GEORG, bom at Horlheim,

HA:MM.A., BENJAinN, born at Fried- Franconia, May 1, 1811, still living, 1889.
ingen, Wiirtemberg, Oct. 10, 1831, still liv- Organist, pupil in Wiirzburg at Frohlich's
ing, 1889. Brother of Fridolin and Franz Institute, where he became assistant in 1830,
Hamma, pupil at Stuttgart of Liudpaintner and of the seminary church of St. Michael
;
then lived in Paris and Home. He directed iu 1837. He is the author of church mu-
concert and singing societies iu KOuig.sberg sic, cantatas, songs, dances, and marches.
until after the war of 1870, then devoted Mendel Schilling, —
Supplement, 184 ;
himself to teaching, and later became di- Fetis.

rector of the new music school in Stuttgart. HAlVniERSCmnDT, ANDREAS, born
He composed the opera, Zarrisco, many at Briix, Bohe-
songs and part songs, and jjianoforte pieces. mia, IGll, died
—Mendel FC-t\s, Suppk'ment, i. 447.
; at Zittau, Oct.
HA:\0L\, FE.iNZ, born at Friedingen, 29, 1G75. Or-
Wiirtemberg, Oct. 4, 1835, still living, 1889. ganist, studied
Organist and pianist, brother of FridoHn counterpoint at
and Benjamin Hamma. He was organist of Schandau, under
the church of St. Anna and director of the the cantor, Ste-
CacOieuverein in Basel, and later became phan Otto be- ;
organist at Oberstadion, WiU-tembei-g. He came or gan ist

lias written songs, a vocal method, and organ at Freiberg in
music. — Mendel ; Fetis, Supph'ment, i. 1G35, and at Zit-
447. tau in 1G39. Works Instrumentalischer :
H.iiniA, FRIDOLIN, born at Fried- erster Fleiss (1G3G) Geistliche Concerte ;
ingen, Wiirtemberg, Dec. IG, 1818, still liv- von 2, 3, und 4 Stimmen (1838) ; Geistliche
ing, 1889. Organist, bn)ther of Benjamin Concerte von 4, 5, und G Stimmen (Frei-
HAMPE
burg, IG-tl) ; Dialog! spirituali, oder Ge- them ai-e : Das Entziicken, op. 8 ; Clavier-
spriicbe zwischeii Gott uml eiuer gliiubigeu fuge, op. 21 Lieb-Anuchen Fantasiestiiek ; ;
Seele, von 2 unci 4 Stimnieu (Dresden, lG4o iu vier Bildern, op. 10. ileudel. —
and 1()52) XVII. Miss;e sacric, 5 ad 12
; H.\:\IPELN, K.ARL VON, born iu Mann-
usque vocibus et instrumentis (Dresden, heim, Jan. 30, ITG.j, died in Stuttgart, Nov.
1633) Paduanen, Gaillarden, Balleten
; 834. Violinist, became Kapellmeister
(1st part, Freiberg, 1G48, 2d part, ince vou Fiirstenberg in Donauescliin-
1G50) Die musikalisclie Andachten, geist- gen, and later at the court in Hechingen
;
;
liclie Motetteu uud Coucerte, vou 5, 6, 12 was court musical director in Stuttgart
from 1811, being pensioned in 1825. A
symphonie concertante for 4 violins, and
^^-Mfi^^^rtJuJ^ ^>^nî^-ft>V/^'*'^'^^ ""
violin concerto were his only comjjo-
und mehr Stimmen (Freiberg, 1G48) Welt- sitions published besides waltzes. Fetis
;
I
— ;
liche Oden (Freiberg, 1G40) Die njusika- Schilling MeudeL

; ;
lische Andachten (3d iârt, Freiberg, 1G.52) H.VNDEL, GEORGE FRIDERIC (Georg
Chor-Musick (Leipsic, 1GG2) Die musika- Friedrich Hiln-
; ^ ,^ ,^
lischen Gespriiche iiber die Evangelien, vou del), born i n-

4, 5, G uud 7 Stimmen (Dresden, 1G5.5) Hdle, Feb. 23, ;
Fest-, Bu.ss- und Dank-Lieder (Zittau, IG.j'J) 1GS.5, died in

Kirch- und Tafel-Musick (Zittau, 1G62) London, April ;
Jtlissen vou 5, G, 12, uud niehr stimmige 14, 1759. The

(Dresden, 16G4) Die Fest und Zeit Au- name was va-
;
dacbteu, etc. (Dresden, 1G71). —

Gerber riously spelt
Mendel Fetis
; Schilling; Allgem. d. by d i fife rent
;
Biogr., X. 488 Winterfeld, Der evang. Kir- branches of the

;
chengesaug, ii. 249, 381. family Handel, I

:
HAMPE, JOH.\NN SA:\IUEL, born at Hendel, Hendcler, Hilndeler, Hendtler it ;
Lucine, Silesia, Nov. 11, 1770, died at Op- was first spelt Hendel in England, after-
peln, June 9, 1823. Organist and pianist, ward Handel in Germany the great com-
]
;
pupil of his father, then studied iu Breslau. poser is universallj- known as Handel ; iu
For six years tutor iu a private family,he France, until quite recently, as Hcendel or
obtained a government appointment at Hiendel. Handel's father was a surgeon, a
Tarnowitz, and in 1796 at Glogau, where man of no artistic tastes, and who, being
he founded a vocal institute from it sprang, sixty-five when his son was born, had such
;
in 1807, a standard concert enterprise, for fixed ideas on the subject that, iu sjiite of
(
which he composed several works, and ofteu the child's evident talent for music, he did
ap2)eared successfully as a pianist. In 1809 everything to prevent his studying it, even
he went to Lieguitz, and iu 181G as coun- superficially. Handel's boyhood was one
cillor to Oppeln. He composed the opera determined struggle against parental au-
Die Riickkehr (181G), cantatas, and festivsU thority iu this matter, until, on the inter-
—
hymns, and instrumeutal music. Fetis vention of the Duke of Saxe Weissenfels,
;
Mendel. he was reluctantly allowed to follow his

HAMPEL, H.\NS, born iu Prague, Oct. natiu-al bent. In 1G92 he began to study
5, 1822, died there, March 30, 1884. Pian- counterpoint, canon, and fugue under Za-
ist, finished his nuisical studies under Weu- chau, and to practise on the orgau, the
zel Tomaschek, and wrote a Requiem, and harpsichord, the spinet, and the oboe. Iu
pianoforte compositions mostly of a melan- 1G95 he was sent to Berliu, where he met
choly character, but of decided merit. Among Bouoneiui and Ariosti, exciting the admira-
HANDEL
cr
< V.
HANDEL
tion of tlio one, and the dislike, and finally ward George I, of England) was offered
the jealousy, of the other by already him by the advice of Steflani, who then
liis
wonderful improvisations on the organ and held it Handel accepted, on the condition
;
harpsichord. The Elector wished to send of being allowed to visit England, whither
him and then attach him to his he went in the latter part of 1710. His
to Italy,
court but nothing came of it, and the boy Rinaldo, written in a fortnight, was brought
;
was ordered back to Zachau in Halle. On out at the Ring's Theatre, Haymarket, Feb.
his father's death he went to Hamburg, en- 24, 1711, with such success that his reputa-
tering the orchestra of the German Oisera, tion in England was at once secured. At the
then under Reiser's direction, as violiuo di expiration of six months he was forced to
ripieno but on Reiser's being forced to return to Hanover but London attracted
;
;
hide from his creditors, Handel took the him so, that in January, 1712, he went back
thither, apparently without leave ;for when
his master, the Elector, came to London as
Ring of England, it took the intervention
of Baron Rilmanseck and the Waler-'Muaic
episode to effect a reconciliation between
His Majesty and his quondam truant Ra-
pellmeister. Handel, however, soou ob-
tained his pardon and an annuity of £200.
In 171G he followed the Ring to Hanover,
where he brought out his Brockes-Passion.
On his return to London, in 1718, he suc-
ceeded Dr. Pepusch as chapel-master to the
Dake of Chaudos, which post he held three
years, during which time he produced the
Chandos Te Deums and Anthems, the Eng-
lish Acis and Galatea, and his first oratorio,
Esther. He gave lessons also to the daugh-
ters of the Prince of Wales, for whom he
wrote the first volume of his Suites de
pieces pour le Clavecin, known in England
as The Lessons. In addition, he assumed
the direction of the Italian opera for the
harpsichord, and was soon jjermaneutly en- Royal Academy of Music in 1720, engaging
gaged as clavecinist and conductor. In a comjiany of Italian singers, Senesino and
Hamburg began his intimacy with Tele- Durastantiamong them, and bringing out
maun and Matthesou. His first opera, Al- Radamisto with great success. From this
mira, was given in January, 1705. In 1706 production of Radamisto dates the famous
Handel went to Italy, producing both operas rivalry between Handel and Bononcini.
and sacred works with unvarying success in The latter and Ariosti had been drawn to
Florence, Venice, Rome, and Naples. Here London by the Royal Academy, each one
the works of xUessandro Scarlatti made an of them had his supporters among the no-
indelible impression upon him ; indeed, of bility, and neither was inclined to acknowl-
all the outside influences ever exerted upon edge Handel's supremacy. After Muzio
his genius, was unquestionably Scevola, in which each of the three com-
Scarlatti's
the strongest. In 1709 the post of Rapell- posers was engaged to write an act, as a
meister to the Elector of Hanover (after- conciliatory measure, jii-iosti Vas virtually
IIA.NDEL
out of tlie race. But, althougli Handel's brought out were failures with the ijublie.
act was pronounced the finest of the three, After Deidamia (1741) he ceased writing
Bononcini would not succumb, and the for the stage, and turned his powers almost
rivalry continued for several years, Bonon- exclusively to the oratorio. Saul and Israel
in Egypt were written and given in 1740,
the Messiah in 1742, Jephtha, his last, in
1752. While writing it, he was attacked
by the disease which ended in his losing
his sight. He was couched three times for
cataract, but unsuccessfully, and remained
nearly or totally blind until his death.
Still, after a brief period of mental depres-
sion, he kept up his active jirofessional
conducting his own oratorios, and even
life,
playing organ concertos iji public. During

the last years of his life the violent oppo-
on the j)art of the aristocratic
sition to him,
faction,which had been kept up even after
his retirement from the operatic field by
Handei's Harpsichord.
his persistent refusals to write anything for
Senesino, sensibly declined. His last public
ciui's popularity steadily increasing, while appearance was at a pei-formance of the
Handel, whose rather haughty bearing did Messiah, on April G, 1759. He was buried
not conciliate the nobility, kept losing in the south transept of Westminster Ab-
ground in popular favor. Matters came to bey, a monument by Roul)iliac being raised
a climax in 1733, when Handel quarrelled over his tomb in 17G2. Handel's immense
with Seunsino, who went over to the enemies' posthumous fame has been due almost en-
camp ; Bononcini would probably have held tirely to his oratorios ; indeed it was long
the field alone, had not his foolishly try-
ing to pass ofT a madrigal by Lotti as his
own given rise to a scandal which forced
him to quit England. The Bononcini party
immediately rallied round Seuesino, and
soon a business competition ensued (in lieu
of the old artistic rivalry between Handel
and Bononcini) between Handel and his
company, at Covent Garden, and a com-
pany at Lincoln's Inn Fields, with Senesino
as chief attraction, and Porpora as composer
and conductor. Neither enterprise thrived ;
the taste for Italian opera was on the wane Death-Mask of Handel.
Seuesino left England in 1735, and two
years later Handel became bankrupt both the opinion of critics that, in the oratorios
;
houses were closed. Handel's health was written between 1740 and 1752, his genius
severely impaired, and an attack of jjaralysis found its finest and culminating expression.
sent him to Aix-la-Chapelle. When
he re- But a careful study of his operas, recently
turned, in November, 1737, his health wasmade easily obtainable through the pub-
not much improved, and the few operas he lications of the itiindelgesellschaft, must
HANDEL
show that the general superiority of the deutsche Volks- und Kirchenlied, LeijDsic,
oratorios is mainly imaginary, and that the Leuckart Julius Schiift'or, Robert Franz in
;
operas do not suffer iu the comparison. seinen Bearbeituugen iilterer Vocalwerke,

His most popular, if not indisputably his Leipsic, Naumanu ; do., Philipp Spitta und
greatest, work is the Messiah. What most seiu Schlusswort in Sachen des Accompa-
stands in the way of bringing the greater gnements, Allg. deutsche Musikzeitg., 1876,
jjart of his vocal works face to face with the No. 2 do., Friedrich Chrysauder in seinen
;
musical public of to-day, aais also the case Clavierausziigen zur deutschen Hiindel-
with those of his equally great contemj)o- Ausgabe, Leuckart, 1876 do., Seb. Bach's ;
rary, Sebastian Bach, is the iucomj)lete Cantate, " Sie werden aus Saba Alle kom-
condition iu which he left his scores, the men," etc., 3-24, Leuckart, 1877 Atlantic ;
full instrumental accompaniment being rare- Monthly, xlii., 321 Grove, i. 30 Fr. Chry-
; ;
saudei', Jahrbiicher fiir mus. Wissenschaft,

i. 408, ii. 249, passim Ph. Spitta, Allg. Mu- ;
sikztg., 1875, No. 20). The etched portrait

of Handel given iu this volume, is from the
frontispiece to the original edition of Alex-
ander's Feast. The death-mask is from an
engraving of the cast of his face, taken after
death by Roubiliac, from which the head of
the statue on his monument in Westminster
Abbey, erected in 17G2, was modelled. The
" Commemoration of Handel," with the pro-
file portrait, is a facsimile of the plate at-
tached to the handbook of the commemor-
ation of the centenary of Handel's birthday,
held in Westminster Abbey, in 1784.
—
Works Oratorios. I. German 1st Pas- :
sion,Hamburg, 1704 2d rassion, ib., 171C. ;
H. Italian La resurrezione, Rome, 1708 R

: ;
triiinfo del tempo e del disinganuo, ib., 1708.

m. English : Esther, Cannons,
De- 1720 ;
borah, London, 1733 1733 ; Athalia, Oxford, ;
Saul, London, 1739

Israel in Egypt, ib., ;
Handel Statue at Halle.
1739'; The 3Iessiah, Dublin, 1742 Samson, ;
ly written out, and, in many cases, only London, 1743 Joseph, ib., 1744 Hercules,
; ;
sj)aringly indicated by a figured basso con- ib., 1745 Belshazzar, ib., 1745
; Occasional, ;
tinue. Several of the oratorios, many of ib., 1746 Judas Maccabseus, ib., 1747 Alex-
; ;
the ojDera airs, and the chamber-duets have ander Balus, 1748;
ib., 1748; Joshua, ib.,
been supplied with additional accompani- Solomon, ib., 1749 Susanna, ib., 1749 Theo- ; ;
ments, in a more or less adequate way, by dora, ib., 1750 Jephtha, ib., 1752 and The; ;
Mozart, Johann Adam Hiller, Mosel, Men- Triumph of Time and Truth, ib., 1757.
delssohn, Robert Franz, Johannes Brahms, Anthems, Hymns, etc. Utrecht Te Deum, :
and others but much still remains to be London, 1713

; Utrecht Jubilate, ib., 1713
; ;
done in this way, both for Handel and 12 Chandos Anthems, Cannons, 1718-20 ;
Bach. (On this subject see Franz, Offener 1st Chandos Te Deum, ib., 1718-20 2d ;
Brief an Eduard Hanslick, Leipsic, 1871 Chandos Te Deum, ib., 1718-20 Short To
;
;
August Sarau, Bobert Franz uud das Deum, ib., 1718-20 4 Coronation Anthems, ;
nAJsDEL
London, 1727 Isl WedJiiig Anthem, ib., ;
1728 ; Tolomeo, ib., 1728 ; Lotario, ib., 1729,
173-i 2a Wedilin-,' Anthem, ib., 173G
; ;
Partenopc. ib., 1730 ; Poro, ib., 1731 ; Ezio,
Queen Caroline's Te Deum, ib., 1737 ib., 1732 ; Sosarmr, ib., 1732 ; Orlando, ib.,
Funeral Anthem, ib., 1737 Deltingen Te ;

1732 ; Arianiia, ib.,1734 Ariudante, ib., ;
Deum, ib., 17-13 Dettiivjen Anthem, ib., ; 1735 ; Alcina, ib., 1735 Alalanla, ib., 1736
;
;
1743 Foundhng Anthem, ib., 1719 3 Eng-

;
1737 Arminio, ib., 1737 ;
Giustino, ib., ;
ghsh Hymns Lauihite pueri iu F, Halle Berenice, ib., 1737 Faramondo, ib., 1738,
; ;
;
Dixit Dominus, Rome Nisi Dominus Lau- and Seme, ib., 1738 Jupiter iu Argos (1739),
; ; ;
(late pueri in D, Rome Silete veuti, ib. not performed Imeneo, London, 1740 Dei-
; ;
; ;
Kv*ie ; Gloria ; Magnificat. damia, ib., 1741. Parts of operas: Tito,

Operas. I. German : Almira, Hamburg, 1732 ; Alfonso Primo, 1732 ; Flavio Olibrio
and Houorius. Pasticcios Ormisda, Lon- :
don, 1730 Lucio Papirio, ib., 1732

; II ;
Catone, ib., 1732 Semiramide, ib., 1733 ; ;
Gajo Fabriccio, ib., 1733 Arbace, ib., 1734 ;
Orestes, ib., 1734 Alesxandro Severo, ib., ;
1738 Roxana, ib., 1743 Lucio Yero, ib.,

; ;
1747 Erueliuda, and fragments of an

;
opera without name or date. Dramatic

Pieces The Alchymist, London, 1732
:
;
Terpsichore, ib., 1734 Semele, ib., 1744 ; ;
The Choice of Hercules (Alceste), ib., 1751.

Serenatas and Odes: Aci, Galatea e Poli-
femo, Najjles, 1708 Queeu Anne's Birth- ;
day Ode, London, 1713 Acis and Galatea, ;
Cannons, 1720 Parnaxso in Festa, London, ;
1734 Alexanders Feast, ib., 1736 Ode for

; ;
Saint Cecilia's Day, ib., 1739 L' Allegro, il ;
pcnsercso, ed il moderato, ib., 1740. Many

Italian cantatas, duets, and trios 7 French ;
songs 9 German songs ; 16 Italian airs

;
COMMEMORA'i'JL'.-i and canzonets and 1 English air, For ever ;

I
OF *
let his sacred raptures, unpublished.
HANDEL. Instrumental Water Musick (on the :
ii Thames, 1715) ; Fireworks Musick (Lon-

Handbook-Plate, Commemoration, 1784.
don, 1749) ; 6 sonatas (trio.s), (lost), 1694 ;
1705 ;
Ni'ro, ib., 1705 ; Florindo und Daphne, 12 sonatas, solos, op. 1 (Walsh, 1732) 6 so- ;
ib., 170(5. n. Italian: Roda-ifjo, Florence, natas (trios), op. 2 (Walsh, 1733) 6 hautboy ;
1707; A'jrippina, Venice, 1708; Jiinaldo, concertos, op. 3 (Walsh, 1729) ; 6 organ
London, 1711 Pa4or Fido, ib., 1712 ; Tc- ;
concertos, op. 4 (Walsh, 1738) ; 2d set
»co, ib., 1713 Silla, 1714, not performed in
; (Walsh, 1740) ; 3d set, posthumous (Walsh,
public Amadigi, London, 1715 Radamisto,
; ; 1760) ; 7 trios, op. 5 (Walsh, 1739) ; 12 grand
ib., 1720 Muzio Scevola, ib., 1721 Flori-
; ; concertos, op. 6 (Walsh, 1740) ; 6 organ
dante, ib., 1721 Oltone, ib., 1723 Flavio, ib.,
; ; concertos, op. 7 (1761) ; 3 organ concertos
1723 Gildio Cesare, ib., 1724 Tamerlano,
; ; (Arnold, 1797) ; Concertone (or concer-
ib., 1724 Eodelinda, ib., 1725
; Scipione, ; tante) in nine parts, for 2 solo violins,
ib., 1726 Alessandro, ib., 1726
; Admeto, ; violoncello, hautboy, and stringed band
ib., 1727 Iticcardo 1", ib., 1727
; Siroe, ib.. ; (Walsh, 1741) ; Concerto for trumpets and
IIANISCn
horns (Bircball) Concerto for horns and in 1791, to Flensburg, where he founded
;
side-druius (unpubhslied) Hornpijie (174:0) a singing school and concert institute, and
;
Sonata for 2 violins (173()) Sonata in five became cantor, and music director. Finally
;
parts (173G) and Sonatas for vioHn, viola, he was city music director in Hamburg.
;
and hautboy. For harpsichord Forest Works Operas Robert und Hanncheu,
: — :
Musick (DubUn, 1742) The Lessom^, or Warsaw, 1781 Haphire, Flensburg, about
; ;
Suites de Pieces, containing; the Harmonious 1793 Hiion und Amande, ib., 1794 Doc- ; ;
Blacksmith (Cluer 1720 Walsh, 1733) 2d tor Faust's Leibgiirtel, ib., 179G Cassandra
; ; ;
set of nine Lessons (Walsh, 1733) 3d set abbaudonata, Italian intermezzo. Ballets
;
:
of Lessons (Arnould, 171)3) G Fugues for Pygmalion Die Jiiger Die Wassergotter
; ; ;
;
PhObus und
Daphne Die ;
Dorfsch u 1 e ;
several others.
Choruses to
Rollas Tod ;
Prologues, ep-
ilogues, and
incidental
orphan or harpsichord, op. 3 (Walsh, 173.5) ;
music for comedies and dramas ; 7 German
4 Minuets and March (1720) and short ; cantatas ; 5 Italian do. ; Symphonies for or-
pieces. — Fr. Chrysander, G. F. Handel chestra Concertos for violin, oboe, trum-
;
(Leipsic, 1858-GO) Victor Schoelcher, Life

; pet, and horn 4 symphonies concertantes
;
of H. (London, 1857) Maiuwaring, Me- ; for 2 horns Sextets and serenades for dif-
;
moirs of G. F. H. (London, 1760) W. S. ; ferent instruments Quartets for do. Trios

; ;
Rockstro (London, 1883) G. G. Gervinus, for 2 violins and bass do. for oboes and
; ;
Handel und Shakesjieare (Leipsic, 18GS) bassoon do. for 2 horns and trumpet ; ;
;
Kretschmar, in Saraml. mus. Vortriige, V. Duets for different instruments, of which

199 Nauniann, Deutsche Tondichter, 25.
; about 300 for 2 horns Solos for violin and ;
H.iNISCH, JOSEPH, born at Eatisbon for flute Church music, and songs. Fu- ; —
in the 19th century. Organist, sou and tis Mendel Schilling. ; ;
pupil of Anton Hanisch, whom he suc- HANNIB.AL. See Annibah-.

ceeded in 183G as organist. He was the H.ANSEN, GOTFRIED MATTHISON,
assistant of Proske in his first visit to Italy, born at Roeskilde, Denmark, Nov. 1, 1832,
and in 1840 became organist of the cathe- still living, 1889. Organist, son of Hans
dral of Ratisbou. Works Jlissa auxilium Matthison Hansen. Renounced the study
:
Christianorum Quatuor hymui pro festo of law, and taught himself music. Was ap-
;
corporis Christi ; Fiinf lateinische Pre- pointed organist of the German Friedrichs-
digtgesiin ge. —^le ndel. Kirche in Copenhagen in 1859 studied in ;
HANKE, KARL, born at Rosswalde, Leipsic in 18G2-63 became organ teacher ;
Schleswig, in 1754, died in Hamburg in 1835. of the Copenhagen Conservatorium in 18G7 ;
Dramatic comjioser, directed the chapel secured the position of organist of St.
of Count von Haditz in his native place ;
John's Church in 1871 gave concerts in ;
married the singer Stormkin, and accom- Denmark in 1874-77 and often visited ;
panied her as conductor to different cities. Germany. Works Trios for pianoforte :
In 1786 he was called to the court theatre at and strings, op. 5 Drei Characterstiicke, ;
Schleswig on his wife's death he married for i)ianoforte, op. 1 Drei Mazurkas, for
; ;
another singer, Berwald, und with her went. do., op. 2 Vom nordischeu MytheukOnig ;
HANSEN
Frode Fredegod, Ballade for do., op. 14 1827 (Devrient's "Recollections," 40). The ;
Sonata for do. and violin, op. 11 do. for success of the work was instantaneous and
;
pianoforte and violoncello, op. 16 Fan- universal, and it still retains an honourable
;
tasie, for organ, op. 15 ;

Conzert-Tonstiickc, place in all the German theatres. Its pro-
for do., op. 19. — ;\Iendel, Ergiinz., 116. duction in Copenhagen, under the com-
HANSEN, HANS MATTHISON, boruwas so suc- at XJOser's own direction, in 1836,
Fleusbiirg, Feb. 6, 1807, was offered the post of Gen-
still living, 1889. cessful that he
Organist. After making considerable prog- eral Musik-Director in Denmark, an honour
ress in the study of art and teaching him- which his enthusiastic reception in Ger-
self music, he became the pupil of C. F. E. many obliged him to decline. Among the
Weyse on the organ, and in 1832 was ap- best impersonators of the title role is Eugeu
pointed organist of the Cathedral at Koes-
kilde. He gave concerts in Norway in
1861, in Sweden in 1862, and in London in
1864. He is considered one of the best or-
ganists living, and highly esteemed as a
church composer. Order of Danebrog,
1857 professor, 1869. Works Preludes
;
:
and postludes, for the organ 2 Kj-rie elei- ;
son Cycle of church music for Christmas,

;
Easter, and Pentecost 130th psalm The ; ;
Lord's Prayer Introductions and variations

;
on various themes. In manuscript Jo- :
hannes, oratorio 100th, 121st, and 150th

;
psalm, with orchestra 6 symphonies, 6 ;
fantasias, variations, etc., for organ. —Men-

del, Ergilnz., 144.
HANSER, WILHELM, born at Unter-
zeil,Swabia, Sept. 12, 1738, died (?). Or- Gura (born at Pressern, Bohemia, Nov. 8,
ganist, entered the order of the Premon- 1842), whose portrait is given herewith.
stratensians and studied the jjianoforte, or- — Hauslick, Moderne Ojjer, 83.
gan, violin, and violoncello at the Abbey
at Leppe, Prus- of HANSL, peter, born
Scheussenried. In 1775 he went to the sian Silesia, Nov. 29, 1770, died in Vienna,
Abbey of Lavaldieu in the Ardennes and Sept. 18, 1831. Violinist, educated by an
founded there a school of music. Works uncle in Warsaw. In 1787 he entered the :
Psalmodia vespertina quatuor vocibus (Augs- orchestra of Prince Potemkin in St. Peters-
burg, 1767) Dixit, Magnificat, and Nunc burg
; in 1791 was Conzertmeister in the ;
dimittis, quatuor voc. cum organo (Augs- orchestra of Prince Luborairski in Vienna,
burg, 1707) 4 sonatas for pianoforte with where he studied composition under Haydn.
;
violinaccompaniment (Paris, 1777) Grad- Visited Paris in 1802, and after remaining
;
ual and antiphonary (Nancy, 1789) Masses there a year returned to Vienna. He died
;
and fugues for organ. Fetis Mendel. —of cholera. Works 55 string quartets 3
; : ;
HANS HEILING, romantic opera in quartets with flute and clarinet 4 quintets ; ;
three acts, text by Eduard Devrieut, music 9 duets for violins variations, rondos, polo- ;
by Heiurich Marschner, first represented at naises, marches, etc., for various instru-
Hanover, May 24, 1833. The libretto of ments. — Futis ; Mendel ; Schilling.
this opera, which Marschner 's master-
is HANS SACHS, German comic opera in
piece, had been ofl'ered to Mendelssohn in four acts, text by Reger, music by Albert
IIANSSENS
Loitzing, represented at Leipsic, June 23, 1777, died at Brussels, May C, 1852. Dra-
ISiO. Au unperformed same matic composer, first instructed by Vauthier
oj)era of the
title was written also by Gyrowetz (died and Verheym, then pupil in Paris of Ber-
1850). Hans Sacbs is the hero of Wagner's ton, and in Ghent of his elder brother, Jo-
Die Meiderdnger von Niirnberg. sejih Hanssens, and of the violinist Ambroise
HANSSENS, CHAELES LOUIS, bom at Ferny. He began as chef d'orchestre of an
Ghent, July 12, 1802, died at Brussels, amateur theatre at Ghent, then was cou-
AprO 8, 1871. Violoncellist, entered the or- ueeted in the same cajjacity with a troupe
chestra of the National Theatre at Amster- performing alternately in Amsterdam, Ut-
dam in 1812, became leader in 1822, and recht, and Rotterdam in 1804 he went to ;
in 1821: violoncellist, and later leader of the Antwerp, thence to Ghent, and in 1825 to
orchestra in the theatre at Brussels. In Brussels as chef d'orchestre of the Theatre
1827 he was made professor of harmony in de la Monnaie in 1827 he was appointed di- ;
the royal school of music, but returned to rector of the royal orchestra, and in 1828 in-
Holland in 1830, and in 1834 became solo spector of the Conservatoire. Compromised
Theatre Ventadour in in the political events of 1830 he lost both
violoncellist at the
Paris, and
second leader of the or-
later positions, but conducted the ojiera again
chestra and composer. In 1835 he was di- in 1835-38, and in 1840, when he also as-
rector of the French opera at the Hague sumed a partnership in the enterprise, there- ;
then at Brussels professor at the Conserva- by ruining himself financially. Works :
toire, director of the Societo de la Grande Les dots, comic opera, given at Ghent in
Harmonie, and chef d'orchestre of the The- 1804 Le solitaire de Formentera, drama, ;
atre Royal. Member of the Royal Acad- Ghent and Lille, 1807 La partie de tric- ;
emy of Belgium Order of Leopold. Works trac, ou la belle-mure, comic opera, Ghent,
;
— Oj)eras Le siege de Calais, given at 1812 Alcibiade, gi-and opera, Brussels,

: ;
Brussels, 18G1 Marie de Brabant, frag- ; 1829 Cantata 6 masses with orchestra
; ;
ments of which were pei'formed in concerts Beatus vir, for four voices and orchestra 2 ;
6 others ballets Sylla Le iîed de mou-

; : ; Deus Dixit ; 3 Te Deum Album. — Fetis
; ;
ton La lampe merveilleuse Le conscrit

; ; Mendel.
L'enchanteresse ; Mahieux ;
part of Gar- HARANC (Harrenc), LOUIS ANDRI5,
gantua ; Bizzarre, not given died there in ; Robinson ;
born in Paris, June 12, 1738,
Fleurette ; Le played Tartini's dilficult
5 juillet (with Suel), Brus- 1805. Violinist,
sels, 1825 Un diuianche a Poutoise, ib., sonatas at the age of sis. Travelled in Italy,
;
1833 Valentine
; Le chateau de Kenil- 1758-Gl, then was admitted to the royal
;
worth Le paradis du diable Music to chapel, and in 1770 became first violinist to
; ;
Gustave Vaez's drama Agneessens, Brussels, the king. He taught the violin to the dau-
1849 Le sabbat, cantata-oratorio, ib., 1870 phin, father of Louis XVI., from 17G3 till
; ;
4 cantatas with orchestra Requiem, ib., that prince's death. In 1775 he was ap-
;
1837 2 solemn masses several sympho- pointed director of the queen's concerts,
; ;
nies for fidl orchestra do., overtures do., and in 1790 became first violinist at the
; ;
fantaisies Concerto for violoncello do. for Theatre Montansier.

;
Works G sonatas for ;
:
violin do. for pianoforte

; 2 concertos for violin and basso continuo, 12 duos for 2 vio-
;
clarinet ; Symphonic concertante for clari- lins. — Fetis.

net and violin ;
Quartets for strings ; Cho- HARDER, AUGUST, born at ScbGner-
ruses a cappella ; etc. —Fetis
near Leisnig, Saxony, in 1774, died ; do., Supple- stiidt,
ment, i. 449 Mendel Viotta. ;in Leipsic, Oct. 29, 1813. Song composer,
;
HANSSENS, CHARLES LOUIS JO- pupil of his father gave uj) theology for ;
SEPH, the elder, born at Ghent, May 4, music, and settled in Leipsic as a teacher.
IIARDOUIN
He wrote about 50 books of songs, which HARMONIES POETIQUES ET RELI-
became uuiversally popular, and guitar and GIEUSES, 10 pieces for pianoforte solo, by
pianoforte music. Futis —
Gcrbcr Schil- Liszt, op. 33. I. Invocation H. Ave Ma-
; ; ;
ling. ria HI. Benediction de Dieu dans la soli- ;
HAKDOUIN, Abbe HENEI, born at tude rV. Peusee des morts V. Pater nos- ; ;
Grandprt' (Ardennes), France, in 1724, died ter VI. Hymne de I'enfant u sou reveil ;
;
at llheinis, Aug. 13, 1808. Church com- VII. Funerailles VHI. ]Miserere d'apres ;
poser, educated at the maitrise of the Cathe- Palestrina IX. Andante lagrimoso, Tom- ;
dral of Rheims, became a priest and canon, bez, larmes X. Cantique d'amour. Pub- ; —
and was maitrc de chapelle until the Revo- lished by Kistner (Leijisic, 1853). Ramanu, —
lution ; on Robespierre's death several Liszt, 212.
priests who had remained in hiding, re- HARMONIOUS BLACKSMITH, THE,
stored the cathedral services and reinstated air with variations for pianoforte, by Handel,
him. He was entrusted with the revision included in his First set of Lessons for the
of the breviary of the diocese of Rheims, Harpsichord, published by Cluer under the
and set its hymns and proses to new music. title Suites de Pieces pour le Clavecin
:
Works : Solemn mass, for the coronation of (1720). It closes the fifth lesson iu E ma-
Louis XVI. ; 12 masses for -4 voices a caji- jor, and in the early editions was called
pella (1764) ; over 40 masses for 4-5 voices, Air ct Doubles. This was arranged for the
with orchestra ; about 80 motets ; several orchestra, and was performed by the Acad-
Requiems 4 Te Deum De profuudis etc.
; ; ; emy of Ancient Music in London. Tradi-
He published also Mcthode nouvelle de tion says that Handel used as his theme a
Plain-chaunt (17()2). F^'tis, Larousse. — tune which he heard sung in a smithy,
HAKFENQUARTETT, two violins, for where he had takeu refuge from the rain,
viola, and by Beetho-
violoncello, in E-flat, bj- a blacksmith, who beat time to his song
ven, op. 74, composed iu 1800, and dedi- with his hammer on the anvil. It has been
cated to the Fiirst von Lobkowitz. The alleged that this air was written by Wagen-
MS. is in the iôssession of Paul Mendels- seil, or some older composer. A version of
sohn. It is named from the pizzicati arpeg- the tune was published iu Paris to words by
gios that it contains, and which give the —
Clement Marot. Schoilcher, Handel, 65,
effect of the harp. I. Poco adagio. Allegro ;
401 Rockstro, 117 Chrysander, iii. 187
; ; ;
n. Adagio IH. Presto IV. AUegretto con

; ; Richard Clark, Reminiscences of Handel
variazioui. Published by Breitkofif & Hiir- (Loudon, 1836).
tel (Leipsic, 1810) do., Beethoven Werke,
; HARK, THE BONNY CHRIST
Serie G, No. 10. —Lenz, Beethoven, ii. 1G6 ;
CHURCH BELLS, catch for three voices
Thayer, Verzeichniss, 79. by Henry Aldrich. He wrote also a Greek
HARGITT, CHARLES JOHN, born in version of this catch.
Edinburgh in 1833, still living, 1889. Or- HARNISCH, JOHANN JACOB, German
ganist and conductor, pupil of his father, church composer of the 17th centmy. He
Halle, Sir G. A. Macfarreu, and Ferdinand published at Worms in 1652 a collection of
Hiller. He has been, since 1862, conductor motets, psalms, and other compositions un-
in London, where he organized the Royal der the title Calliope mixta. Fctis Men- — ;
Albert Hall Choral Society, of which he del Schilling. ;
was sub-conductor to Gounod. Works HARNISCH, OTTO SIEGFRIED, born :
Coronet or Crown, ojiera 2 operettas in the 16th century, died in 1G30.

; He was ;
The Harvest Queen, cantata ; Orchestral cantor in the church of St. Blasius, Bruns-
overtures, marches, music to plays, songs, wick, about 1588, cantor at Gottingen
part-songs, etc. in 1603-21, and Kajjellmeister at Celle.
IIAEOLD
Works : Neue lustij,'e, teiitsche Liedlein Uen (1888), 89
I
; Liszt, Ges. Schr. (Ramann),
(Helmstiidt, 1588, 159 1 ; Hamburg, 1591, iv. 3.
1G51 Nuremberg, 1604)
; Fasciculus se- HARRER, GOTTLOB, died at Carlsbad
;
lectissimarum cautiouum (Helmstiidt, 1592) in 1755. Church composer, studied coun-

Artis musiciE delineatio (Frankfort, 1(J08) terpoint in Italy accompanied Frederick
; ;
Rosetum Musicum (Rostock, 1G17) Psal- the Great on the harpsichord in 1745 at
;
modia nova (Goslar, 1G21) Passio Dominica Leipsic, where he was cantor of the Tho-
;
(Goslar, 1G21) Resurrectio Dominica (Gos- masschule in 1750-55. Left in manuscript

;
lar, 1G22) Cautiones Gregoi'ianic (Goslar, the oratorios Der Tod Abels, Gioas re di
;
1G24).— Gerber, ii. 504; Mendel, v. G7 Giuda 3 Passion-oratorios Symphonies ; ;

;
Ergiluz., 150 Fiitis, iv. 22

; Schilling, iii. Concertos for various instruments Duos for
; ;
475 AUgem. d. Biog., s. G14.

; flutes Sonatas for pianoforte, etc. Allgem. ; —
HAROLD, dramatic opera in five acts and d. Biogr., X. G50 Fetis SchiUing MendeL ; ; ;
nine tableaux, by Eduord Napravnik, repre- HARRINGTON, HENRY, born at Kel-

sented in St. Petersburg, Nov. 23, 188G. It ston, Somersetshire, England, in 1727, died
is said to have won great applause. Harold, at Bath, Jan. 15, 181G. He was graduated
German opera, text by Paul Krone, music
Queen's College, Oxford, in 1748, settled
at
by Karl Pfefier, given in Vienna, April which he became
3, as a physician in Bath, of
1887, vi\as well received. mayor. He founded there the Harmonic
HAROLD EN ITALffi, symphony in four Society. Works 3 books of glees and :
parts, by Hector Berlioz, op. IG, for full songs (1770, 1785, 1797) Eloi Eloi or ; ! !
orchestra, with solo viola, composed in 1834 The Death of Christ, a dirge for Passion
and first performed Week (1800) Anthems Songs. Grove
at the Conservatoire, ; ; — ;
Pari.s, Dedicated to Hum- Futis Harmonicon, 1830, 225.

Nov. 23, 1834. ;
bert Ferraud. I. Harold aux montagnes. HARTEL, BENNO, born at Jauer, Si-
Scenes de melancolie, de bouheur, et de lesia, May 1, 184G, stUl living, 1889. Pu-
joie, (Adagio and Allegro) in G. H
pil of E. Hoppe on the i)ianoforte, of P. Jap-
Marche de pelerius cliautaut la priere du sen on the violin, and of F. Kiel in comjjo-
soir, (Allegretto) in E. HI. Serenade d'un sitiou. In 1870 he became instructor of
montagnard des Abbruzes a sa maitresse, theory at the royal school for music in Ber-
(Allegro assai) in C. IV. Orgie de brigands, lin. He has composed an opera, orchestral
souvenirs des scenes precedentes, (AUegi'o music, over 300 canons, and other vocal mu-
frenetico) in G. The work, the idea of sic, but has published only pianoforte pieces
which is based on " Childe Harold," origin- and an Andante religioso for contralto.
ated in a request of Paganiui's that Berlioz —Mendel, iv. 484.
should write a solo to display the qualities HARTKAS, FRIEDRICH WILHEL:\I,
of his Stradivarius viola. It has been much born at Beunungen, Thuringia, March 10,
altered since its first production. It was 1805, still living, 1889. Organist, pupil of
firstplayed in England at the New Philhar- Weissenboru at Frankenhauseu studied at ;
monic Concert, London, July 4, 1855, under the Royal Institute for Church Music iu
the direction of the composer. First per- Berlin, and at the same time took lessons
formed in Boston by Theodore Thomas's of Kelz on the violoncello. Taught vocal
orchestra, Oct. 28, 1874. The score and music in several schools of Berlin became ;
parts are published by Schlesinger. Ar- organist of the Paulskirche there in 1835,
ranged for pianoforte by Liszt (Brandus and of the Elizabethkirche in 1839. Com-
et Cie., Paris, 1880).— Jullien, H. Berlioz, posed vocal and organ music. Jlendel. —
140 Berlioz, Mi'moires, Ch. 45
; Grove HARTMANN, CURISTLVN KARL, born
; ;
Upton, Standard Symphonies, 105 Jul- iu Altenburg about 1750, died in Paris
;
IlAllTMANN
about 1804. Lived 24.— Meyer, Conv. Lex. (1888)

Virtuoso on the flute. Mendel,
{
;
in Hamburg 1790 at Ergiiuz., 151 Ricmann.

(178(;), Russia, and in ;
Erlangeu, whence he went to Paris and be- HARTMANN, JOHANN, born at Gross-
came professor at the Conservatoire in glogau, Sile.sia, about 1735, died in Copen-
1794, and flutist at the Opera. Works 4 hagen in 1791. Violinist, was a member of :
Concertos Duos ;
Variations Fantasias the Prince Bishop's chapel of Breslau in
; ;
for flute and orchestra (1784-85) G Duos 1754, and Conzertmeister at the court of
;
for flutes, op. 6 do., op. 7 2 Airs varies Rudolstadt about 17G0
; ;
entered the ser- ;
for flute, violin and orchestra 6 French and vice of the Duke of Ploen, with whom he
;
Russian airs, for flute with viohn or vio- removed to Copenhagen in 17G8, and there
loncello 1'2G Cadenzas for flute in all composed many works for the church and
;
keys Collection of preludes for do. 8 Airs theatre, highly esteemed in Denmark, but
;
;
varies, with bass. Fetis —

Mendel Schil- all of which were lost at the burning of
; ;
ling. Christiansborg Castle. His opera Balder's

ILVRTMANN, CHRISTOPH HEINRICH, D(j)d was written in the style of Gluck
born at Rudisleben, Thuriugia, about 1750, from another opera. The Fisherman, the
died at Eimbeck, Hanover, in 1S2G. He popular " Kong Christian stod ved hojen
was organist at Eimbeck, and composed an IMast " still survives as a national song.
opera Das Zauberschloss, sonatas for piano- ^Mendel SchiUiug Gerber (1790), i. 587, — ; ;
forte and violin, jDianoforte xneces, and (1812) ii. 511.

.songs. — Ft'tis ; Schilling. HARTJLiNN, (JOHANN PEDER) EMIL,
HART:\IANN, EMIL, born at Copenha- born at Copenhagen,
gen, Feb. 21, 183G, stiU May 14, 1805, still
^^'^-^ ,.
living, Son and 1889. living, 1889. Dra-
pupil of Johann Peder matic com2>oser, son
Emil Hartmann stud- ; and j)upil on the
ied also under his pianoforte and violin
brother-in-law, Ga d e of August Wilhclm
visiting Leii)sie in 1860. Hartmann, who was
In 18G1 he became or- organist at Copenha-
ganist of a church in '
gen in 1800-50, and
Copenhagen, and in in his turn a son of
1871 of the royal ehajjel of Christiansborg Johann Hartmann. While he studied juris-
there, but on account of his health retired prudence and held a government ofiico for
in 1873 to SiilleriHl, near Copenhagen, and a time, he was much influenced and advised
devoted himself to composition. Works by Weyse, assisted his father as organist of
Fjeldstuen, ballet, given at Copenhagen ; the Garrison church, was teacher in the
The Nixie, operetta, ib. ; Elverpigeu (The Copenhagen Conservatory, and brought out
alder-maid), opera, given at Copenhagen, his first opera in 1832. In 183G he visited
18G7 The Corsicans, comic opera A ballet
; ; Germany, France, and Switzerland, in 1840
2 symphonies, in E-flat, op. 20, and A minor became director of Copenhagen Conserva-
(.Vus der Ritterzeit, op. 34) Eiue nordische ;
tory, and in 1849 was made royal chapel-
Heerfahrt, overture Nordische Volkstiinze, master.
; On the fiftieth anniversary of his
for orchestra, op. 18 Winter und Lenz, musical life, in 1874, he received the Dane-
;
for chorus and orchestra, op. 13 Concerto brog Order, and in 1879 was made a Ph.D.
;
for violin, op. 19 do., for violoncello, op. by the university of Copenhagen.
; He de-
27 Trio for pianoforte op. 10 Serenade servedly ranks among the greatest musi-
; ; ;
for pianoforte, violoncello, and clarinet, op. cians of Denmark. Gade married his
IIARTMANN
daughter. Works — Oiêras : R<avnen, oder Lorenzo Aldini, and Portici, grand operas,
BroderpriJven (Tlie Raven, or Brotherly not yet produced Music to .Vugier's drama ;
Proof), friven at Copenhagen, 1832 The Portia, Paris, 1853 The 43d psalm, for
;
;
Golden Horns, ib., 1834 The Corsairs, ib., ; soli, chorus, and orchestra ; La fordt, for
1835 Liden Kirsten (Little Christina), ib.,
; do. Prologue symphonique to Schiller's
;
181G Music to BournonviUe's classical

; Maid of Orleans Mass with orchestra ;
ballets, and to Oehleuschliiger's, Heiberg's, Symphony for full orchestra ; 2 concert

and Andersen's dramas Concerto for violin ; ;
overtures (Macbeth and Pompee) ; 2 suites
Pianoforte jjieces, and song-cycles (Salomon for sti-ing quartet ; 2 quartets for strings ;
and Sulamith, Hjortens Flugt, etc.). Futis, — Scherzo for do. ; Six duets for female
Supplement, i. 1:51 Mendel Meyer, Con v.
; ; voices. — Fetis ; do., SujJijlement, i. 451 ;
Lex. (1888), Vm. 185 Eiemaun. ; Riemann.

HAETMANN, LUDWIG, bom at Neuss HASENBALG, JOHANN FRIEDRICH,
on the Rhine in 1836, born at Werna, Hohenheim, in 1771, died
still living, 1889. Pi- at Brunswick, July 28, 1859. PupU of his
anist, son and jjupil of father. Taught in Brunswick, where he
Fricdrich Hartmann was music director of the Martineum and
(vocal composer, gymnasium, and founded and conducted
born 1805), then at the Singakademie. In j'outh he studied
the Conservatorium, the harp, but later gave it up. Works So- :
Le psic
i pupil of ,
natas for harp and violin Fantasias and va- ;
Moscheles and Haupt- riations for hai-p Church music Songs, ; ;
mann, and iu Weimar etc. — Mendel ; Fetis ; Schilling.

(185C-7) of Liszt in ; HASER, AUGUST FERDIN.iXD, born
1859 he ajjpeared with great success in a at Leipsic, Oct. 15, 1779, died in Weimar,
concert at Dresden, where he settled and Nov. 1, 1844. He was educated at the
made for himself an exclusive position as a Thomasschule, and studied theology at the
literary champion of the Wagner tendency. University of Leijisic ; became teacher and
Works KOuig Helge, opera (jNIS.) Piano-
: ; cantor in Lemgo in 1797, and director of
forte music, and songs. Mendel. — music in 1800. In 180G-13 he visited Italy ;
HARTOG, EDOUARD DE, born in Am- taught mathematics and Italian in Lemgo
sterdam, Aug. 15, 182G, still living, 1889. in 1815, and from 1817 lived in Weimar as
Dramatic composer, pupil of IMme Dulcken, music master to the ducal family, and mu-
Dohler, Hoeh, and Bartelmaun, then in sical director of the principal church.
Paris under Elwart and Litolff, and finally Der Triumph des Glaubens, ora-
Works :
(181:9-52) under Heinze and Damcke. Hetorio, words by Klopstock, performed iu

Birmingham, 1837 two operas, Die Neger
settled in Paris in 1852, produced his music ;
to Portia at the Sociute de Sainte-Cecile, auf St. Domingo, and AlphonsLne, oder der
and taught composition, harmony, and Thurm im Walde Church music, over- ;
pianoforte. He is a member of the Nether- tures, songs, and pianoforte music Versuch ;
land Society for the Encouragement of einer systematischen Uebersicht der Gesang-
Music, and was one of the collaborators of lehre(i820) Lehrbuch des Gesanges (1831). ;
Pougin's Supplement to the Biographie Ft'tis Mendel Gerber. — ; ;
Universelle des Musicieus. Orders of the HASLER. See Hassler.

Oaken Crown, and of Leopold. Works HASLINGER, KARL, bom in Vienna,
Operas Le mariage de Don Lope, comic June 11, 1816, died there, Dec. 26, 1868.
:
opei'a, given at the Theatre Lyrique, 1865 Pianist, son of Tobias Haslinger, the founder
;
L'amour et son hdte, do., Brussels, 1873 of the publishing house pupil of Czerny
; ;
IIASSE
on the pianoforte, and of Seyfried in com- ably largely due to Porpora's instruction.
position. He succeeded to liis fathers ex- His first Italian opera, Sesostrate, given iu
tensive publishing business, and as an artist Naples iu 172(i, spread his fame all over
deserved well of musical life in Vienna by Italy. Next year he was made professor at
his musical soirees, continued for thirty the Scuola degl' lucurabili, Venice, where
years, in which, with the assistance of emi- he wrote his long-famous Miacrerc. In
nent artists, he presented to the public the 1728 he returned to Naples, but was back
best works of old and new classical com- in Venice again iu 1729, where he married
posers. Works Wanda, das Miidchen von the great singer, Faustina Bordoni. He
:
Californicn, opera Napoleon I., symphony- was then the most popular composer in
;
cantata, given at Weimar, 1853 ; Die Glocke, Italy, and equally a favorite in society, his
cantata for 4 solo voices, chorus, and or- personal beautj', fine voice and singing,
chestra ; Masses, and other church music conspicuous mastery on the clavecin, and
Voyage sur Ehin, for pianoforte with or- engaging manners all contributing to his
le
chestra, op. Quartets Trios for piano- success. In 1731 he was called by August
1 ; ;
forte and strings; Sonata for violin and H. as Kapellmeister and director of the
pianoforte, op. 35 do. for pianoforte and Court Opera at Dresden, where his Ales-
;
violoncello, op. 39 ; many pianoforte jneces, sandro ueir Indie, with Faustina in the
and songs.— Mendel ; do., leading part, had a phenomenal success.
Ergiinz., 152 ;
lYtis ; do., Supplement, i. Wurzbach. But Porpora, and his famous pupil, Regina
452 ;
HASSE, JOHANN ADOLPH (known in Miugotti, were established there in high

Italy as II Sassone, favor with a part of the royal family.
the Saxon), born at Basse's relations with Porpora had never
Bergedorf, near been friendly, and neither Porpora nor the
Hamburg, March 25, Miugotti were pleased to see the success of
1G99, died in Venice, Faustina, who had been a jjupil of Gaspa-
Dec. IG, 1783. He x-ini. Hasse tried to throw discredit ujwn
was taught until his the Mingotti by writing an air for her, in
nineteenth year, by Demofoonte, calculated to show her voice
his father, who was and style at a disadvantage. This trick failed,
organist and school- but the noise of it led Hasse to quit Dres-
' ' master in his native den for a while, leaving his wife behind
village. In 1717 ho went to Hambui-g, him. He went to Milan, Venice, and Na-
where be made the acquaintance of Ul- jiles, and finally to London, where his wife's
rich KOnig, a poet attached to the Polish singing in Handel's company (172G-27) had
court at Dresden, who recommended him not been forgotten. He was induced to ac-
to the notice of Reiser, the manager of the cejit the direction of the opera in ojiposition
Hamburg theatre. He was engaged as to Handel, but although his Ai-taserse had
tenor for four years, after which he got an an unquestioned success, he did not care to
engagement at the theatre in Brunswick, cojje further with his greater rival and ;
where his first opera, Antigonus, the only heartily disliking England, he returned to
one he ever wrote to a German text, was Dresden in 1739. August HI. was then
brought out with fail- success iu 1723. In on the throne, and Porpora and the Min-
1724 he went to Italy to study composition. gotti had left the city. Except for a visit
He began under Porpora in Naples, but to Venice in 1740, Hasse and Faustina re-
soon left him for Alessandro Scarlatti, who mained in Dresden, enjoying the greatest
was his true teacher in composition, al- popularity, up to 17G3. At the siege of the
though his eminence as a singer was j)rob- city, iu 17G0, most of his accumulated projj-
IIASSE
erty was lost, aiul the greater part of bis airs, duets, and choruses. The following are
MSS., preiâred for a complete edition of in the Royal Library of Berlin ; Magnifi-
Lis works, to be published at the expense cat, 4 voices and orchestra Regina ca-li, 4 ;
of the King of Poland, was destroyed. voices and instruments, in D Ora pro no- ;
After the war, both the opera and the bis, id., in G do., for contralto solo and
;
King's chamber music were suppressed, instruments, in G ; Salve regina, for id., in
Hasse and Faustina were pensioned, and A ; do., for soprano solo and instruments,
retired to Vienna. There he met a new in B-flat ; do., id., in G Solemn mass for ;
rival, in the shape of Gluck, whose Orfeo the electoral princess of Saxony ; Jlass, 4
had been brought out the year before. But voices and instruments, in D minor ; do.,
Hasse, in collaboration with Metastasio, id., in G ; do., id., in D ; do., id., in F ; do.,
still made a good stand with several operas, id., in D ; do., id., in C ; do., id., in G mi-
the more so that Gluck's new manner was nor ; do., id., in E-flat ; Litanies for female
not at first appreciated by the
Miserere for female pvdjlic. voices and instruments ;
Hasse's last opera, Ruggiero, was brought voices 4 voices and instruments, in ; do.,
out in Milan in 1774, simultaneously with D minor do., 4 voices a cappella, in C mi- ;
the young Mozart's Ascanio in Alba. (Mozart nor Te Deum, 4 voices and orchestra, in ;
was then only thirteen, and Hasse seventy- D do., id., in G Dixit Dominus, Confitc- ; ;
five but the older composer predicted bor, and Mihi autem, 4 voices and orches-
;
" This boy will throw us all into the tra. HI. OjDeras Antigonus, Brunswick, :
shade.") The remaining ten years of Hasse's 1723 Sesosti-ate, Naples, 172G Allah, ro ; ;
life were passed in Venice. His fertility as di Bitinia, ib., 1728 Dalisa (his first opera ;
a composer was remarkable he set nearly written for Faustina Bordoni), Venice, 1730
; ;
all of Metastasio's dramas to music, some Arlaaertu; ib., 1730; Arminio, Milan, 1731 ;
of them three or four times over. Works Cleofide, Dresden, 1731 Alessaiub'o nell' : ;
I. Oratorios La virtti al pie della Croce Indie, ib., 1731 Cajo Fabrizio, Rome, 1731,
:
;
;
La dejTOsizione della Croce La caduta di Dresden, 1732 Demetrio, Venice, 1732

; ;
Gerico Maddalena II cantico de' tre fan- Catonein Utica, Turin, 1732 Euristeo, War-
; ; ;
ciulli La conversione di S. Agostino, saw, 1733 Asteria, Dresden, 1734; Senocrita,

; ;
written for the Electoral Princess Marie- ib., 173G Atalanta, ib., 1737 La clemenza ; ;
Antoinette Giuseppe ; riconoseiuto I di Tito, ib., 1737 Alfonso, ib., 1738 Ii-ene, ; ; ;
pdlegrini al sepolcro di Nostro Signore, in ib., 1738 Demetrio, ib., 173S) Arlast'rse, ; ;
score, edited by Hiller, Leijisic Sant' Elena ib., 1740; Olimpiain Eruda, London, 1740;
;
al Calvario, two versions Die Busse des Numa Pompilio, Dresden, 1741 Lucio Pa-
; ;
Heiligen Petrus. H. Church Music Te pirio, ib., 1742 TJidnna abbandonata, ib., : ;
Deum, 4 voices and orchestra, Dresden 1743 L' asilo d' Amore, ib., 1743 Anligono, ; ; ;
do., id., ib. Grand Te Deura, id., ib. 4th ib., 1744 Ip)ermestra, ib., 1744 Arminio,
; ; ; ;
Te Deum, Venice, 1780 Miserere, female ib., 1745 La Spartana, ib., 1747 Semi-
; ; ;
voices and strings, ib., 1727 Solemn mass, ramide, ib., 1747 Demofoonte, ib., 1748 H
; ; ;
4 voices and orchestra Missa dedicat. Tem- natale di Giove, ib., 1749 Atlilio Regolo,
; ;
pli, id. Solemn mass, in C Kyrie and ib., 1750 Ciro riconoseiuto, ib., 1751 Iper-
; ; ; ;
Gloria, in D do., in C Credo in F Li- mestra, ib., 1751 Leucippo, ib., 1751 Soli-
; ; ; ; ;
taniic Laurentinae, in G, Venice, 1727 Li- manno, ib., 1752 Adriano in Siria, ib.,
; ;
tanie per 2 soprani con accompaguamento 1753 L' eroe cinese, ib., 1753 Arminio, ; ; ;
Salve Eegina, soprano solo and strings ib., 1753 jVi-temisia, ib., 1754 II rO pas- ; ;
do., 2 soprani Grand Requiem for the ob- tore, ib., 1755 Ezio, ib., 1755 Artemisia,
; ; ;
sequies of August HI., of Poland About ib., 1755 L' Olimpiade, ib., 175G Nitteti,
; ; ;
150 motets, psalms, and anthems Many ib., 1759 Achille in Sciro, ib., 1759 Alcide
; ; ;
IIASSLER
al bivio, cantata, Vienna, 17G0 ; II trionfo fort while on a journey. Hassler's style
di Clelia, Dresden, 17(jl ; Eyeria, festa resembled that of both the Gabrielis, his
teatrale, 17G2 Nitteti, Vienna, 17G2
ib., ; ;
canzonets and madrigals reminding one of
Siroe, ib., 1763 Zcnobia, ib., 17G3 Itomolo; ; the elaboration of Andrea, while his larger
ed Ersilia, Innsi)ruck, 1765 Partenope, Vi- ;
works recall the grander polychoric style of
enna, 17G7 Piranio e Tisbe, intermezzo,
;
Giovanni. His fame during his lifetime
ib., 1769 Don Tabranno e Scintilla, id.,
;
was very great, and he is to be regarded
Dresden H lingijiero, Milan, 1770.
;
IV. as one of the fathers of German music.
Concert and Chamber Music 5 Italian : Those of his works that have been pre-
cantatas for soprano and strings, Leipsic ;
served are 24 canzonetti a 4 voci, Nurem-
:
12 clavecin sonatas (the first 6, dedicated bei'g, 1500 Cautiones sacra de fest. pr;c-
;
to the Dauphin, Paris) 2 quartets for vio- ; cip. totius anni, 4, 5, 8 et plurium voc,
lin, flute, oboe, and bassoon 6 concertos ; Augsburg, 1591 Madrigali a 4-8 voci,
;
for 1 or 2 flutes, clavecin and strings, oij. 1, ib., 1596 ;Concentus eccle.siastici, ib., 1596 ;
Leipsic ; G sonatas for 2 flutes, or violin, Newe teiitsche Gesang, etc., for 4—8 voices,
violoncello, and clavecin, op. 2, ib. ; 6 sym- ib., 1596, 1604-09 Cantioues nova de
;
fest., etc., ib., 1597 Missre, 4-8 voc, ib.,

;
1599 Lustgarten newer deutscher Gesiing,

;
etc., 4-8 voices, 1601-05-10 Sacri con- ;
centus, 5-12 voc, 1601-12 Psalmen und

;
chi'istliche Gesilnge, 4-stimmig, fugweis,

phonics for G and 8 parts, op. 3 -1 clavecin 1G07 (new ed. in score, 1777)
; Kirchen- ;
sonatas, op. 4 Concerto for horn, Loudon gesiinge, Psalmen und geistliche Lieder,
;
;
Favoiite concertos for clavecin, ib. Burney, 4-stimmig, simpliciter, 1608-37 — Litaney ;
Hist., iv. 548

Hawkins, v. 323 Eiehl, deutsch Hen-n Dr. Martini Lutheri, 7 voices
; ;
Mus. Charakter-Kr.pfe, i. 109 Grove Fc- in double-chonis, 1G19 Venusgarten, oder

: ; ;
tis Mendel Eiemann.

; ; neue lustige liebliche Tiintze, etc., 1615
ILVSSLER (Hasler), HANS LEO (Leon- Several motets in the collection, Sacra9 sym-
hard), born in Nu- phoniaj diversoruni auct., 2 parts, edited by
remberg in 1564
(?), died in Frank-
f o r t-on-the-Main,
June 5, 1612.
Eldest and most
noteworthy son of him, 1601 Motets in Bodenschatz's Flori- ;
Isaac Hassler pu- legium Portense, and Schads Pi-omptu- ;
pil of his father, ariuni musicum. Monatsschr. fiir Mus.- —

then for a year of Gescli., 1874, Beilage Ambros, iii. 556 ;
Andrea Gabrieli Riemann.

in Venice, where he was a fellow-student of HASSLER (Hasler), JACOB, born at
the great Giovanni Gabrieli. He was the Nuremberg in 1566, died at Hechingen.
first German composer of note who studied Organist to the Count of Hohenzollern,
in Italy. After leaving Venice, he lived for and one of the great virtuosi of his time ;
a while at the Fuggers' house in Augsbur"-, brother of Hans Leo. He composed many
and later, several years at the court of Ru- masses, Magnificats, jisalms, and other
dolph H., in Prague, where he was ennobled. chui'ch music, among which the 51st psalm,
In 1G08 he entered the service of Christian for eight voices, is especially valued. An-
n.. Elector of Saxony. He died in Frank- other brother, Kaspar, born at Nuremberg
nASSLEll
about 1570, died there in 1618, became or- Thames, operetta, Drury Lane, 1844 Pas- ;
ganist there in 1587, and came next to his cal Bruno, opera, given at Vienna, 1844 •
Music for JIacbeth and Sardan-

apalus. Princess's Theatre, 1853
Faust and Marguerite, overture
and entr'actes, 1854 King Hen- ;
OÎ-AtOiA^^/jX^ ry \'III., 1855 PizaiTO, 185C

;
;
lung Ilichard 11, 1857 ; King

Lear, The Merchant of Venice,
oldest brother as a master of his instrument and Much Ado about Nothing, 1858 2 Ca- ;
aud on the harpsichord. — Fi'tis ;

Mendel; thedral Services Anthems Eose, or Love's ; ;
Schilling ; Walther. Ransom, opera, Cov-

I
ILVSSLEE, JOHAXN -WTLHELM, bom ;

eut Garden, 1864 ;
at Erfurt, March 29, Robin Hood, can-

1747, died in Mos- tata, Bradford !Musi-
cow, March 25, 1822. ical Festival, 1856;
Pianist, son of a cap- Books of part-songs,
maker, he learned and about 150 songs
and long followed (Bid me to live, etc.);
his father's trade. Sacred drama, Hez-
Nephew, and pujjil ekiah, Ciystal Palace, Dec. 1877.
on the pianoforte — Grove.
and organ, of Kittel, HALTIR, HER:\IANN, bom at Dardes-
who had been a pu- heim, near Halberstadt, August 18, 1812,
pil of Johann Sebas- died at Wernigerode, Aug. 16, 1888.
tian Bach at the age of fourteen became
; j
Organist, jiupil at Quedlinburg of Liebau,
organist in Erfurt, and while leading a ^
then in Berlin of Rungenhagen, Mai-x,
wandering apprentice's life gave concerts. I Dehn, and A. W. Bach, and in 1845 became
He founded winter concerts in Erfurt in organist of the Jacobikirche, Berlin. He
1780, and a music business, but later trav- taught in several schools and founded two
elled to England and Russia, became impe- singing societies, and was made royal mu-
rial Kapellmeister in St.Petersburg in 1792, sic director in 1870. Works : Cantata ;
and settled in Moscow as a teacher in 1794. Church music ; Lieder, His brother
etc.
Works Concertos Fantasias

: ; ;Sonatas, and Karl (bom 1824) is
'
an organist and teacher

variations for pianoforte ; Organ music in Berlin. Mendel.
; —
Songs. —Allgem. d. Biogi-. xi. 20; Fetis;| HAUFF, JOHL:\.NN CHRJSTLIN, born
Mendel, iv. 487 ; Riemann. at Frankfort-on-the-Main, Sept. 8, 1811,
HASSLINGER-HASSINGEN. See Ha- still living, 1889. He has been director
grr. at the Frankfort !Mu- and teacher of theory
HAT MAN NICHT AUCH GELD. School since its foundation. Works
See sic
Fiddio. Symphonies Quartets Motets Piano- I ; ; ;
HATTON, JOHN LH'HOT, bom in Liv- forte music, etc. He is author of Theorie 1
eiiwol in 1809, died at Margate, Sept. 20, der Tonsetzkunst (Frankfort, 1863-69).
1886. Almost self-taught settled in London Mendel Fetis, Supplement, i. 453.
; — ;
in 1832, engaged at Drury Lane Theatre in HAUFF, WILHEL:M GOTTLIEB, bom

1842 same year went to Vienna visited at Gotha about 1755, died at Nymwegen,
; ; |
America in 1848 director of music at Prin- May 14, 1817. Organist After serving in
; 1
cess's Theatre. Works The Queen of the the ai-my, he became organist of the prin-
:
IIAUFF
Nymwegen. His cantata, and later was choir-master of an Augustine
cipid cluu'cli at
De dood vau Jesus Christus, is bis principal parish church, giving also singing lessons.
work. He wrote also other cantatas, con- He composed church, pianoforte, violin, and
certos for pianoforte and for wind instru- organ music, and good solfeggi and in-
ments, violin music ; G svmplionies (Paris, structive vocal duets. His masses, gradu-
1774, 1777) ; and other sacred compositions are still
G sextets for brass instru- als,
ments (ib., 177G) ;

esteemed. Wurzbacli Mendel Fe-
3 Clavier trios (Brussels, much — ; ;
1777) Chorals for voices (Amsterdam, tis do.. Supplement,

; 453 Schilling. ; i. ;
1810), etc. —
Gregoir, Mus. ncerlaudais, 85 HAUPTMANN, MORITZ, born in Dres- ;
Van der Straeteu, iv. 414 Fetis. ; den, Oct. 13, 1792,
HAUI'T, WILHELM GOTTLIEB, the died iu Leijssic, Jan.
younger, born at Nymwegen in 1793, died 4, 1SG8. Intended
at Groningcn, Oct. 31, 1858. Organist, for his father's pro-
son and pupil of the preceding, whom he re- fession, architec-
placed at the organ when twelve years old. was allowed
ture, he
He became organist of a church iu his to study music as
native city, and iu 1818 of St. Martin's at an accomplishment,
Groniugen. He frequently gave organ and became a pupil
concerts, and was much admired for his on the violin of
talent of improvising. Works IGO jisalms : Scholz, and in har-
G preludes, etc., for organ G waltzes for ; monj- and compo-
pianoforte ; 15 school songs, etc. — Gregoir, sition of Morlacchi and others. AVlien
Mus. neerlandais, 8G. seventeen he abandoned architecture for
HAUra, (CARL) AUGUST, born at Cu- music, and in 1811 he went to Gotha to
nau, Aug. 25, 1810, still living,
Silesia, perfect himself on the violin, and to study
1889. Virtuoso on the organ, pupil of A. composition imder Spohr. This was the
W. Bach, Klein, Dehu, and the two Schnei- beginning of a firm friendship between the
ders ; became organist of the French con- two men, which lasted iiutil Spolii-'s death.
vent, Berlin, in 1832, of St. Elizabeth's in In 1812 he entered the royal orchestra
1835, of St. Nicholas iu 1839, and of the at Dresden, and then the household of
parish church, in 1849 and taught at the ; Prince Repnin, the Russian governor of
Royal Institute for church music, of which Dresden, whom he followed in 1815 to Rus-
he became director after A. W. Bach's death sia, spending several years at St. Peters-
in 1870. He was remarkable for his fine burg, Moscow, Poltava, and Odessa. Re-
extempore variations iu the style of J. S. turning to Germany in 1822, he entered
Bach. Of his numerous comjôsitious those Spohr's orchestra at Cassel, where his
for the organ are still in SIS. His songs and remarkable talent for teaching counter-
part-songs have been published in various point and composition first manifested it-
collections ; his Choralbuch (Berlin, 1869) self. Among his pupils at this period are
ranks very high among its kind. — Mendel to be noted Ferdinand David, Norbert
Fetis ; Mus. Wochenblatt, xiii. 407. Burgmiiller, Curschmaun, Kuiferath, Kiel,
HAUPT]\IANN, LORENZ, born at Graf- and many others. In 1842 he was ap-
ensulz. Nether Austria, Jan. 15, 1802, died pointed cantor and Musikdirektor at the
in Vienna, 25, 1870. May
Organist, pro- Thomas-Schule, and professor of counter-
age of twelve taught school point and composition at the Conservato-
ficient at the ;
until he was twenty-four years old then riuni at Leipsic, where he lived until his
;
went to Vienna, became organist of the death. Hauptraaun's career, like his repu-
Theresiauum and of the Paulauerkirche, tation, was luiique. Of all contemporary
llAUrTA'EU
musicians Lis name was the one wLiich was and chorus, op. 40 ; 3 do., op. 41 ; 6 geist-
mentioned all over Germany (as it still is) liche Gesilnge for chorus, op. 42 ; 3 Kirch-
with the most loving veneration. Gifted enstiicke for chorus and orchestra, op. 43 ;
by nature with a musical ear of exceptional 3 geistliche Chorgesiinge, op. 44 Psalm ;
delicacy, and with the purest musical per- LXXXIV., for soli and chorus, op. 45 ;
ceptious, he cultivated his talent to the Motet for soli and chorus, op. 51 Do. ;
highest conceivable degree by prolonged from Psalm CXI., op. 52 3 geistliche Chor- ;
and arduous study and i)ractice. The fun- gesiinge for mixed chorus, op. 53 12 do. ;
damental principle of all his teaching and for 2 S. and A. (2 books), op. 54 3 do. for ;
writing was that absolute unity of idea and S. A. T. and B., op. 5G Psalm, Sei mir ;
perfection of form were the two indispen- gnildig, Gott, for 4 solo voices, and 2 4-
sable attributes of every work of art. In part choruses, op. 57. IL Secular vocal
Leipsic he represented the extreme classi- music Gretcheu vor dem Bilde der Mater :
cal party in music but he always refrained Dolorosa, for voice and pianoforte (the
;
from attacking either the ideas or the work accompaniment scored for orchestra by
of the younger generation of composers, Franz vou Holstein), o^). 3 Auf dem See, ;
and, in turn, no one ever made him the ob- text by Goethe, for 4 solo voices and
ject of j)artisan iôlemical writing. As a chorus, op. 21 Songs, part-songs, and ;
master of musical form he was absolute. canons, with pianoforte, op. 1, 4, 9, 11, 19,
For iêrfectiou of style and finish of work- 22, 24, 25, 2G, 27, 29, 31, 37, 4G, 50 ; Part-
manship his compositions can hardly be songs without accompaniment, op. 32, 47,
surpassed. Yet he is hardly to be ac- 49, 55. in. Chamber music 2 string :
counted a man of great genius, and he has quartets (E-flat, C), oj). 7 ; Duos concert-
always been more famous as a teacher and ants for 2 violins, op. 2, 16, 17 ; Divertisse-
theorist than as a composer. Joachim, von ment for violin and guitar, op. 8 Concerto
;
Billow, Sullivan, Cowen, and many other facile in E-flat, for pianoforte with accom-
noted men are among his pupils. His paniment of 2 violins, viola, and violoncello,
great work, " Die Natur der Harmonik und op. 20 Sonatas for pianoforte and violin, ;
der Metrik," has had probably more inHu- in minor, Efiat, D, op. 5 do. in F, op. G G ; ;
euce upon the modern study of the philoso- do. in B-tiat, G, D minor, op. 23 12 pieces ;
ph}' of music than any other book in exist- for pianoforte, op. 12. IV. Orchestral :
ence. He died
loaded with about every hon- Overture to MathUde, op. GO. V. Literary
our that could well fall to the lot of a famous works: 1. " Erliluterungen zu Johauu Se-
and universally revered musician. Works bastian Bach's Kunst der Fuge " (Leipsic,
I. Church music Salve Eegina for 4 voices Peters) 2. " Die Natur der Harmonik und
: ;
and organ or pianoforte, ad libitum, op. 13 der Metrik" (ib., Breitkopf & Hilrtel) 3,
;
;
Otl'ertorium for 4 voices and organ or pi- " Aufgabeu f iir eiufachen und doppelteu Cou-
anoforte, ojj. 15 Vocalmesse for soli and trapuukt"(ib., Senfi") 4. "Briefe am Franz
; ;
"
chorus, op. 18 ; Mass for soli, chorus, and Hauser (ib., Breit-
orchestra, op. 30 ; G geistliche Gesilnge for kopf & Hartel); 5.
soli and 4;-part chorus, op. 33 ; Motet, Nimm " Die Lehre vou der ,
von uns, Herr Gott, op. 34 ; 6 geistUche Harmonik" (ib., id.);
Gesilnge, for 2 S. and A., op. 35 ; Motets, G. Briefe von ]\Ioritz

Komm', Heil'ger Geist, and another, op. Hauptmanu an Spohr und .iudere, herausge-
36 ; Cantata, Herr, Herr !geben von Dr. Ferdinand Hiller (ib., 1870).
wende Dich, for
soli, chorus, organ, and -1 trombones, op. 38 ;
—
Grove Hiller, Aus dem Toulebeu, iii. 79. ;
Hymn, Am Ciicilientage, for soli, 2 choruses, HAUPTNEE, THUISKON, born in Ber-

and pianoforte, op. 39 3 Motets for soli lin in 1825, still living, 1889. Pupil at the
;
ITAIJSCIIKA
Uoyid Academy of Berlin became con-; 1848-49 visited France and England, and on
ductor of orchestra of tlie Vorstiidtiscbes Jan. 1, 1850, landed in New York and trav-
Theater in 1850, and of the Konigsstiidt- elled throughout the United States for three
isches Theater in 1852, in the meantime writ- years. From San Francisco he went to
ing many operettas and farces. In 1854-58 South America in 1853, then to Australia in
he studied at the Paris Conservatoire, then 1854-58, and returned via India, Egypt,
was a teacher in Berlin, Basel, and Potsdam, Malta, and Marseilles to Vienna. After a
where he directed the Singakademie. He tour through the larger cities of the em2iire,
has published a singing method. Mendel — he went to Bukharest, and in 18G1 to Con-
Ikiemann. stautinoijle, where he played before Abdul
HAUSCHKA, VINCENZ, born at Mies, Medjid. Subsequently he lived compara-

Bohemia, Jan. 21, 17GG, died in Vienna, tively retired, and only seldom appeared in
Sept. 13, 18i0. Violoncellist, sou and pu- public, the last time in Cologne, in 1874.
pil of a school teacher ; he was choir boy in Viôrks: Nocturne, op. 1 Introduction and
;
the Prague Cathedral ; then studied theory Rondo on Hungarian melodies, op. 2 Mes ;
inider ZOger and the violoncello under adieux a Varsovie, op. 5 Introduction et
;
Christ became violoncellist in the chapel of

; Variations de concert, op. 7 Bolero, op.
;
Count Josei^h von Thun, in Prague made a ; 10 12 Lieder ohne worte, op. 11 do., oj).
; ;
concert tour through Germany, and settled IG, op. 21, 23-28 La melaucohe, etude do
;
in Vienna, where he obtained, in 1703, a concert, op. 17 ; La sentimeutale, do., op.

government office. He was also an excellent 18 Tarentelle, op. 19 Scherzo, op. 22
; ; ;
player on the baryton, comjiosiug much for Das Vogleiu am Baume, op. 34 Fantasias, ;
that instrument and the violoncello, besides rondos, variations, etc. He wrote also an
vocal music. —
Wurzbach Mendel Schil- operetta, Der blinde Leiermann, about
; ;
ling Gerber, ii. 522

; Futis.
; 1860. —
Aus dem "Wanderbuch eines oster-
HAUSER, MORITZ, born in Berlin in reichischen Virtuoseu (Leipsic, 1858-59) ;
1826, died in Konigsberg, May 31, 1857. Wurzbach.

Son and pupil of Franz Hauser (dramatic HAUSLICHE KRIEG, DER (The Do-
singer, 1794-1870), and studied at the mestic Struggle), German Singspiel in one
Leipsic Conservatorium under Mendelssohn act, text adapted from the French by Cas-
and Hauptmann. He was music director telli, music by Franz Schubert, wi'itten for
of the city theatre in Konigsberg until his the court theatre, Vienna, in 1823, but un-
early death. Works Der Erbe von Hohe- jierformed during the composer's lifetime.
:
ueck, opera, given at Kr>nigsberg, 1855 Lie- The original title was Die Verschworeneu
;
; —
der Instrumental music. Mendel Fetis. (The Conspirators), but the licensers re-
;
HAUSER, IVnSKA (Michael), born at garding it with suspicion, it was changed to

Presbm-g, Hungary, the present one. The libretto was sug-
in 1822, died in Vi- gested by the " Lysistrata " of Aristoiihaues.
enna, Dec. 8, 1887. It was first represented, under the direction
Violin virtuoso, pupO of Herbeck, by the Musikverein, Vienna,
of Joseph Matalay, of March 1, 1861 at Frankfort, Aug. 29, ;
Conradin Kreutzer, 1861, and then in Munich, Salzburg, and

and at the Conserva- other German cities. It was given in Paris,
torium in Vienna, of at the Fantaisies Parisiennes, Feb. 3, 1868,
Mayseder, and Sech- in a French translation by Victor Wilder,
ter. In 1840-48, he under the title La guerre domestique, ou
made a concert tour through Germany, les conjures, which was afterward changed
Denmark, Sweden, Norwav, and Russia in to La croisade des dames and in London,
: ;
^^
IIA
at tlie S^-Jeuham, ilarcli dignity of Doge of Venice. Other charac-

Crystal Palace,
2, 1872, as The Conspirators.
The work ters are Andrea, son of Donato, a man whom
consists of an overture and eleven numbers. Loredau has ruined at play, whom the Ad-
—
Published by Spina (Vienna, 18G2). Life of mii-al makes his heir and marries to Rafaela,
Schubert, i. 30'J ; Athenaeum (1872), i. 313. his ward, and Malipieri, a spy of the
Coun-
HA! WELCH Em AUGEXBLICK! cil of Ten. The
Loredan was cre-
role of
See Fidelio. ated by Roger; the other characters were
HAWES, Wn:,LI.\:M, bom in London in sustained by Hermann-Leon, Audran, Ric-
1785, died there, quier, and Miles Lavoye and Grimm. The
Feb. 18, 1846. He opera was given in English at the Strand
was chorister in Theatre, London, April 3, 1848, and at Co-
the Chapel Koyal vent Garden, Nov. 4, 1848.—Athenajum
from 1793 to 1801, (1848). 43 ; 1130.
violinist at Covent HAYDN, (FRANZ) JOSEF, bom at
Garden in 1802, Rohrau, Lower Aus- ^..-^ .
Gentleman of the tria, March 31 (April
Chapel Royal in 1), 1732, died in Vi-

1805, master of enna,May 31, 1809.
choristers and He was the second
\-icar-choral at St. child of a wheel-
Paul's in 1814, master of the children of the wright, Matthias
Chapel Eoyal in 1817, and lay vicar of West- Haydn, and Maria
minster Abbey in 1817-20. He was the H. (born K o 1 1 e r),
first promoter of the Harmonic Institution, daughter of Count
then a music publisher, and later director Harrach's cook and
of music at the English Ojiera Lyceum Marktrichter, or steward.
; The family
conductor of the Madrigal Society, and or- came originally from Hainburg, a town four
ganist of the German Lutheran Church in leagues from Rohrau, near the Danube.
the Savoy. He adapted many operas to the Both Josef's parents were musical his ;
English stage, and composed or compiled first teacher was his stef)-graudfather, Jo-
music for many of them. Works Glees haun Mathias Fraukh, a school-master in
:
and madrigals Chants, Sanctuses, and Hainburg, to whose school he was sent
;
—
Responses to the Commandments. Grove. when six years old. Although his mother
HAYDEE, ou le secret, oprra-comique would have preferred him to be brought up
in three acts, text by Scribe, music by for the priesthood, his musical education
Auber, first represented at the Opi-ra Comi- was, from the first, conducted with a view to
que, Paris, Dec. 28, 1847. Auber's best his making music his profession. Frankh
work in his third style. The libretto, was a severe but excellent teacher, and
adapted trora a Russian novel translated bj' would doubtless have brought his pupil
Prosper Mi'rimc'e, is interesting, with poeti- farther on than he did, had not Gcorg
cal situations, and the music is dramatic and Reutter, Hofcompositor, and Kapellmeister
appropriate to the subject. The hero of at St. Stephen's, in Vienna, been struck with
the work is Loredan, a young Venetian ad- the boy's talent and voice, while ou a visit
miral who returns home, after driving the to Hainburg, and oii'ered him a place as
Turks from Cyprus, bringing with him chorister at St. Stephen's, two years after
Haydce, a young Greek prisoner, who he began his schooling. Haydn's parents
turns out to be of royal descent, and whom consented, and he left Hainburg and
he finally marries when elevated to the Frankh, for Vicuna, in 1740. His studies
"T-i
t^
,:;^
^ (
t^j.
'^^
HAYDN
were religion, Latin, writing, and arithme- chorister at St. Michael's, and a Viennese
tic, to which were added the violin, the friend who lent him 150 florins, helped him,
clavier, and singing, probably under Gegeu- and he got a few pupils. He was thus
bauer and Finsterbusch but nothing what-
; enabled to hire a little room in the old
Michaelerhaus in the Kohlmarkt. He be-
gan to study composition by himself from
the works of P. Emanuel Bach, and to such
good purpose that Bach afterward said
that he alone fully understood his writings
and knew how to u.se them. About this
time he wrote his first mass, in F (No. 11,
Novello's ed.), and a musical farce, Der
neue Krumme Teufel, for the Stadttheater,
the latter bringing him in a good sum of
money. It became quite famous in its way,
and was given in several German cities.
Through Metastasio he was introduced to
a Spanish family, the de Martines, and was
engaged to give lessons to Marianne, the
elder daughter. This led to his meeting
Porpora, who engaged him as accompanist,
and gave him the only regular instruction
Silhouette of Haydn.
in composition he ever had, in return for
ever was done about instruction in har- this and other more menial services. But
mony, counterpoint, or composition. He he mastered by himself all the important
was looked upon by von Reutter (ennobled theoretical musical literature of the day, es-
in 17-4;0) merely as a boy singer, and even pecially Fux's Gradus. In 1755 he wrote
when it was discovered that he had been his first quartet, for Karl Joseph, Edler von
trying to compose on his
own account, the Ivajiell-
meister gave him no en-
couragement or advice.
In 1745 he was joined at
the Cantorei by his broth-
er Michael, who soon sup-
planted him in the favor
of von Reutter and JIaria
Theresa, who had previ-
ously noted his singing
with pleasure ; for about
this time his voice began to
Birthplace of Haydn.
change, and he was prac-
tically useless as a singer. A practical joke, Fiirnberg, whose acquaintance he had made,
played by him upon a fellow-chorister, and and who, in 1759, recommended him as
found out by von Reutter, brought matters Musikdirektor and Kammercompositor to
and he was dismissed the Cantorei Count Ferdinand Maximilian Morzin, at his
to a head,
with a sound cantng. He was now thro^vn country seat at Lukavec, near Pilsen. Here
upon his own resources, but one Spangler, he wrote his first symphony. His salaiy
nAYDN
was 200 with board and lodgino-. ing this second visit quite equalled his
florins,
On Nov. 2G, he married Anna ]\Iaria former experience in England, and he re-
17()0,
Keller, a woman three years older than him- turned home in August, 1795, with a com-
self, of quarrelsome temper, who did her petence for the rest of his life. In January,
best to make his life wretched. Soon after, 1797, he left his house in Vienna (now Neu-
Count Morziu gave up his hand, and Haydn niarkt. No. 2) for one he had bought in the
entered the service of Prince Paul Anton Mariahilf suburb (Windmiihle, 73 Kleine
Eszterhazy, as second Kapellmeister under Steingasse, now 19 Haydngasse), and went
Werner, at Eiseustadt. He continued to to Eiseustadt oulj' for the summer and fall.
hold tliis post, and, after Werner's death, The great works of the last ten years of his
that of fii-st Kapellmeister, under Prince life were Die SchOpfung, and Die Jahres-
Nicolaus Eszterhazy, both at Eiseustadt and
at Eszterhaz, the Prince's new summer place,
near on the Neusiedler-See. Here
Siittfir,
he composed most of his operas. Except

for some visits to Vienna, either alone, or
in comjiany with the Prince and tlie whole
cliapel, he cont-inued living at Eszterhaz un-
til his patron's death, in 1790. He retained
his title of Kapelhneister, with a yearly pen-
sion of 1,000 florins,, under his successor,
Prince Anton ; but as nearly the whole
chapel was disbanded, he moved to Viennti.
But news of Prince Nicolaus's death had
tlic
brought Salomon to Vienna, in hojies of en-

gaging Haydn for London. As Haydn was
now free, he consented, and the two set out
together, Dec. 15, 1790, going by Munich,
Bonn, and Brussels to Calais, crossing the
channel on Jan. 1, 1791, and arriving in
London without delaj-. Here Haydn found
himself the centre of a brilliant artistic cir-
cle, and every attention was heaped upon
bira. In July he went to Oxford to receive
the honorary degree of Mus. Doc. His
HayHn's Tomb.
symphonies, written at this jieriod for Salo-
mon's concerts, and known as the " Salomon zeiten. Although his health was feeble dur-
symphonies," are accounted his greatest oi-- ing the last few years, he continued com-
chestral works. He left London in the lat- posing almost to the end. He died diu'ing
ter part of June, 1792, returning toVienna the siege of Vienna by the French. On
by way of Bonn, where he met Beethoven June 15, Mozart's Requiem was sung in his
and passed judgment upon a cantata of his, lionour in the Schottcnkirche, and he was
and Frankfort, and arriving at the end of buried in the Hundsthurm churchyard, not
Julv. In December Beethoven came to Vi- far from his own house but in 1820 his ;
enna to study under him. On Jan. 19, 1794, body was transfeiTed to the upper parish
Haydn set out again for London, on the in- church at Eiseustadt by order of Prince
vitation of Salomon to write six more sym- Eszterhazy. Haydn has, with justice, been
phonies. His success and pojjularity dur- called the father of modern orchestral
HAYDX
music ; to Lim the work! owes the establish- diebe, Berlin, 1791 ; Second act of II dis-
ment of the two finest i)hases of the sonata-
Vienna, about 1794 (?) L' avaro, in- tralto, ;
form the orchestral symphony and the termezzo, Paris, Opera Italien, Jan. 5, 1802
:
;
string quartet. However, the generally ac- Philemon und Baucis, marionette opera,
cepted storj' that he and Boccherini set the Eszterhaz, 1773 Der GiUterrath, do. Der ; ;
standard form for the quartet nearly at the Hexenschabbes, do. Genoverfa, do. Dido, ; ;
same time, and without collusion, seems to do., Eszterhaz, Sep. 15, 1778 Incidental ;
be, in the main, true. (See Samml. Mus. music to Der Zerstreute (see H ilhlraUi)),
Vortriig, IV. lOo-llO.) In the field of oratorio
Die Feuersbrunst, Hamlet, GOtz von Ber-
he, Beethoven, and Mendelssohn are the only lichiugeu, Kijuig Lear, Das abgebrannte
composers after Handel whose works have Haus, Alfred, Miscellaneous Vocal f^
lived to the present day in undiminished Works 12 Gorman Lieder, 1782 12 do., : ;
favour with musicians and the public. 1784 ;MS.) G 12 separate do. (5 in ; origi-
Works : I. Oratoi-ios and Cantatas : Canta- nal canzonets, London, 179G G do. ; ; The
ta for the birthday of Prince Nicolaus Esz- Spirit Song (Shakespeare) ; O tuneful voice ;
terhiizy, Eisenstadt, 17G3 ; Deutschland's 3 English songs in MS. ; 2 duets ; 3 thi-ee-

Klage auf den Tod Friedrichs des Grossen ;
part and 10 four-part songs ; 3 choruses in
Applausus musicus, for the festival of a pre- MS. ; from Alfred (Leipsic, Breitkopf
1 do.
late, Vienna, 17G8 II ritorno di Tobia, ib.,; & Hiirtel) Gotl erhalte Franz den Kaiser,
;
1775 Arianna a Naxos, London, 1791

; for 1 and 4 voices 42 canons in 2 or more ;
The Storm, ib.. Mar. 2G, 1791 The In- ; parts 2 do. ; The Ten Commandments in
;
vocation of Neptune (composed 179.5, not canons the same with other words. Die
;
completed) Die sieben letzteu '^'orte,

; zehn Gesetze der Kunst Accompaniments ;
Eisenstadt, 1797 Die Erwiihlung eines ; for pianoforte, violin, and violincello to
Kapellmeisters, Vienna, 1797-1802 Die ; 247 Scotch songs (London, W. Napier, 3
Srlwpfumj, ib., Apr. 29, 1798 Die Jahres- ; vols.) Do. to 17 ditto (some by Tliomas &
;
zeilen, ib., Apr. 24, 1801. H. Church Mu- Whyte, Edinburgh) 41 Welsh airs in 3 parts ;
sic :14 masses 1 Stabat Mater 2 Te

; ; (London, Preston, 3 vols.). V. Instru-
Deum 13 oiiertories 4 motets 1 Tantum
; ; ; mental 125 symphonies, of which the fol-
:
ergo 4 Salve Regina

; 1 Regina cceli 2 ; ; lowing are the most noteworthy. (The
Ave Regina Responsoria de Venerabili 1
; ;
greatest confusion exists in the numbering
cantilena pro Adventu (Genuan) C sacred ; of Haydn's symphonies ; the numbers given
arias 2 ditto, duets.
; HI. Dramatic Der : here refer respectivelj- to the editions of
neue krumme Teufel, Singsjiiel, Vienna, Breitkopf & Hiirtel, Peters, Andre, and
Stadttheater, 1752 Acide c Galatea, jjas- ; Rieter-Biedermann, and to the Catalogue of
toral, Eisenstadt, Jan. 11, 17G3 La can- ; the London Philharmonic Societ}'. The
terina, opera buffa, 177G Lo speziale, Vi- ; English, French, and Italian titles are cuirent
enna, 17G9 II diavolo zoppo, ib., 1770; Le
; in England and America, the German titles
pescatrici, dramma giocosa, 1770 L' infe- ; are recognized in Germany. Those num-
deltadelusa, burletta, Eszterhaz, 1773 L'in- ; bered 1-12 in the Lond. Philharmonic Soe.
"
contro improviso, dramma giocosa, 1775 ;
catalogue are the so-called great " Salomon
II mondo della Luna, do., 1777 La vera ; symphonies, written for Salomon's concerts
costanza, Eszterhaz, 1779 La fedelta pre- London.) Jlit dem Pauhcnmrhcl, in Etlat,
; in
miata, ib., 1795 ? (B. \- H., No. 1 P., No, 1 Phil., No.
Nov. 18, 1779; L' infedelta fedele, ; ;
1780 (?) Orlando paladino, Eszterhaz, 1782 8) in D, London, 1795 (B. & H., No. 2 P.,
; ; ;
;
Armida, ib., 1784 L' ixola disabitata, Vi- No. 2 Phil., No. 7) in E-flat, Vienna, 1793
; ;
;
einia, Hoftheater, 1785 Orfeo cd Euridice (B. & H., No. 3 Phil, No. 10) The Clock;
; ; ;
(composed 1791, not comiileted) Die Apfcl- in D, 1794 (B. A H., No. 4 P., No. 3 PhU.,
; ; ;
HAYDN
No. 11) (B. ; 5, parthien for wind instruments
in D, Lou.lon, 1791 arrange- &H., No. ;
PLil, No. 2) Surprisr, Mit dein Paukeii- ments of jsieces for barytou
; 12 collectious ;
schlag, in G, 1791 (B. & H., No. C P., No. of minuets aud allemandes Divertinieuti, ; ;
4; Phil., No. 3); iu C, 179- ? (B. & H., etc., for striugs, with and without wind ;
No. 7 ; P., No. 5 ; PLil., No. 1) ; iu B-flat, 175 pieces for barytou 51 concertos (19, ;
17i)2 •?
(B. & H., No. 8 ; Phil., No. 4) in C ; including divertimenti, for pianoforte, 1 for
minor, 1791 (B. & H., No. 9 ; No. 5)
Phil., pianoforte aud violin, 9 for violin, G for vio-
in D & H., No. 10) imiilar,/, in G,

(B. ;
loncello, 1 for double-bass, 5 for lyre, 3 for
1794 (B. & H., No. 11 P., No. 7 Phil., ; ; Ijaryton, 2 for flute, 3 for horn, 1 for 2 horns,
No. 12) in E-flat, 1795 (B. & H., No. 12
; ;
1 for clarino, 179G) ; G duets for violin aud
P., No. 6 Phil., No. 9) in G (B. & H., No.; ; ^dola ; 1 do. for 2 lutes ; 35 trios for piano-
13 P., No. 8) iu D, 1791 (B. & H., No.
; and violoncello 3 do., for pi-
; forte, violin ;
14 Phil., No. C) in E-flat, 1787 ?, for Paris anoforte, flute and violoncello 20 do. for
; ; ;
(Anchv, No. 1 Phil., Letter T) L'owrs, iu 2 violins aud bass 1 do. for violin, viola
; ; ;
C, 178G? (A., No. 2) Trauer, in E minor, aud bass 2 do. for flute, violin and bass
; ;
;
1772? (A., No. 3; Phil., Letter I); in B 3 do. for 3 flutes 1 do. for corno di caccia, ;
(R-Biecl, No. 1); O.r/ord, in G, 1788? violin and violoncello 2 do. for lute, violin ;
(R.-B., No. 2 P., No. 9 Phil., Letter Q) and violoncello 77 quartets for 2 violins,
; ; ;
in C, 1788 ? (R.-B., No. 3 Phil., Letter R) viola and violoncello (Nos. 1-18 published ;
in E-flat (R.-B., No. 4) La chastê, iu D iu 3 series, Nos. 21-74, with arrangement ;
(R.-B., No. 5) in C minor (R.-B., No. G) of Siebeii letzten Worte, iu 9 series, Nos. 20,
;
;
iu B-flat, 1780? (Phil., Letter A) Farewell, 75-7G, and 77 separately No. 19 is iu ; ;
Abschicd.^siiifonic, iu F-sharp minor, 1772 MS.) 53 sonatas and divertimenti for pi- ;
(Phil., Letter B) iu D, 1774 (Phil., Letter anoforte 4 do. for pianoforte and violin
; ; ;
H) in G, 1772 (Phil., Letter L) in G, 1 do. for harp, flute aud bass 9 smaller
; ; ;
1787 ?, for Paris (Phil., Letter V) in F, pieces for pianoforte 1 for do., 4 hands ; ; ;
1787 (Phil, Letter "W) La rrinede France, several jneces for musical clock ; ; 1 do. for
in G minor, 178G ?, for Paris (Simrock, in
parts) ; llo.vclane, in C, 1777 ? (ib., id.) ;
Tinpoide, iu G minor, 1786 ?, for Paris (ib.,
id.) ; 3[ana Theresa, iu C, 1773? (ib., id.)
Laitdon, iu C, 1779 The Schoolmaster, ? ; iu

E-flat, 1774 (Simrock, in parts) Le matin, ; in
D, 170-? Le midi, iu C, 17G1 Le soir,; ; iu
G, 17()-? ; 11 dislratto, in C, 177G? ; Kinder-
si/niphonte, iu C, 178- ? (Audn') ; Mercury,
in E-flat, 1772 ? ; Der 'philoôph, iu E-flat,
17G4 ; La jxis.'îone, iu F minor, 1773 ? ;
i'Vi/er-Hymphonie, in A, 1774 ; Concertante,

in B-flat, London, 1792 Lametdations, in harmonica. For list of works spuriously or ;
D minor, 1772 (the entire number of conjeeturally attributed to Haydn, see

symphonies, including overtures to operas, Grove, i. 720.— C. F. Pohl, Joseph Haydn
etc., published in parts, is 94 40 are pub- (Leipsic, Breitkopf & Hiirtel, 1875) C. F. ;
;
lished iu score, and 29 are still in MS. ) Die Pohl, Mozart uud Haydn iu London (Vi- ;
siebcn letzteu Worte, for striugs, Artaria, enna, 1867) Grove. ;
1785 7 notturuos for lyre 7 marches 6

;
HAYDN, (JOHANN) MICHAEL, born at ; ;
scherzandos 1 sextet several quintets 1 Rohrau, Germany, Sept. 14, 1737, died at
; ;
;
echo for 4 violins aud 2 'celli several Feld- Salzburg, Aug. 10, 180G. Organist, broth- ;
HAYES
er of Josef Haydn. He became chorister 1777 ; Mus. Doc, 1777 ; organist of St,
at St. Stejjlieu's, Vienua, at eight years of John's College, 1790.
Prophecy, Works :
age and later as-

; oratorio, 1781 Telemachus, a masque Ode
; ;
sistant organist; for St. Cecilia's Day, " Begin the Sou"
was Kapellmeister (by John Oldham) ; Anthems ; Services,
at Grosswardeiu in psalms, glees, etc. He edited Harmouia
1757, Couzertmeis- Wiccamica (London, 1780). Grove. —
ter and director to HAYES, WILLIA3I, born at Gloucester
Archbishop Sigis- in 1707, died at Oxford, July 30, 1777. He
mund, at Salzburg, was chorister of Gloucester Cathedral, or-
and organist at ganist at St. Mary's, Slu-ewsbury, and, in
Holy Trinity and 1731-34, of Worcester Cathedral. In 1734
Salzburg, in 1777. Having lost he became organist of Magdalen College,
St. Peter's,
his property through the destruction of Oxford, where he received the degree of
Salzbm-g by the French in 1800, the Em- Mus. Bac. in 1735. He became professor
press asked him
to compose a mass for her, of music at the University in 1742, and
iu \vhich she sang the soprano solos, Oct. Doctor of Music in 1749. He conducted
4, 1801. Prince Eszterhazy twice offered at the Gloucester Musical Festival in 1763.
him the vice-Kapellmeistership of his chapel, Works Twelve Arietts or Ballads and Two :
but he twice refused, hoping the chapel at Cantatas (1735) Collius's Ode on the Pas- ;
Salzburg would be reorganized. He was sions Vocal and Instrumental Music, con- ;
a member of the Academy at Stockholm. taining I. The Overture and Songs in the :
Joseph Haydn considered Michael's church ]Masque of Circe, H. A Sonata or Trio and
music better than his own. Works 2 Ballads, Au's, and Cantatas, HI. An Ode, :
Requiems 24 masses 4 German masses being part of an Exei'cise jjerfornied for a

; ; ;
114 graduals 67 offertories 8 Eesponso- Bachelor's Degree in Music (1742) Cathe-

; ; ;
rien 3 Tenebra?, Regina Coeli, etc.

; 8 ht- dral Music Catches, glees, canons, etc. ; ;
auies 11 vespers 5 Salve Regina

; sev- Grove Barrett, English Church Com-
; ; — ;
eral German sacred songs 50 short organ posers, 130 Harmonicon (1833), 141.; ;
pieces, preludes, etc. (Linz) 30 symphonies, HAYM (Hennius), GILLES, Belgian ;
and Partiten 1 sextet 3 quintets ;12 church composer of the 17th century.
; ;
minuets (Augsburg, Gombart) 1 violin con- Canon and singer in the collegiate church ;
certo quintets serenades marches orato- of St. John, Liege subsequently Kapell-
;
; ; ; ;
rios ; cantatas ; opera, Andromeda

meister to Fei'dinaud, Elector Prince-bishop e Perseo
(1776) operettas pastoral, Die Hochzeit of Cologne, and finally to the Duke of Pfalz-
; ;
auf der Aim four-part songs (Vienna, Neuburg.

; His masses, motets, hymns, etc.,
1799 Salzburg, 1800) single songs, Karl were published iu Cologne and Antwerp
; ;
der Held, Erzherzog von Oesterreich, etc. ;

(1620-1651).— Fetis ; do.. Supplement, i.
6 canons (Salzburg, 1800) ; Partitur Fun- 454 ; Riemann ; Van der Straeten, i. 215.
dament Antiphonarium romanum. Men-
; — HAYM, NICOLO FRANCESCO, born in
del Gerber
; Schilling Fctis. ; ; Rome about 1679, died in Loudon, Aug. 11,
HAYES, PHILIP, born at Oxford, April, 1729. Violoncellist, born of German par-
1738, died iu London, March 19, 1797. Or- ents. He went in 1704 to England, and
ganist, son and pupil of William Hayes ;
attempted to establish lt:ilian opera in Lon-
Mus. Bac, Oxford, 1763 Gentleman of ; don altered operas, played iu the orchestra,
;
the Chapel Royal, 1767 ; organist of New and wrote many librettos. Works Sona- :
College, Oxford, 1776, of Magdalen College, tas for two violins and bass. Grove Men- — ;
and Professor of Jlusic in the University, del ; Fetis ; Hawkins, Hist, of Music, v. 163.
IIAYOTTL
HAYOUL, BAUDOUIN, HEBRIDEN, DIE, (The Hebrides), also

French cccksi-
astic aiul clmrch composer of the second known as Fingal's HOhle (Fingal's Cave), 2d
Imlf of the IGth century. Blaitre de mu- concert overture, in B minor, for orchestra,
siquc lit the churcli of Saiut-Nicolas-des- by Mendelssohn, op. 20, first played by the
Chanips, Paris. He published a collection Philharmonic Society, London, May 14,
of motets (Nuremberg, 1587).— Fetis. 1832. Mendelssohn and Klingeniann vis-
HAYS, WILLLVM SHAKSPEAliE, born ited StalYa in 1829, and in the winter of the
of American parentage in Louisville, Ken- following year the overture was begun in
tucky, July 19, 1837, still living, 1889. Rome. The original score, dedicated to
Composer of popular songs, the first of Franz Hauser, is dated Rome, Dec. IG,
which was written when he was about six- 1830, and entitled Die einsame Insel (The
teen years old. Since then ho has pub- Lonely Isle). The MS. of this is in posses-
lished nearly three hundred, which have sion of Felix Moscheles, London. A sec-
had a phenomenal sale of several millions ond setting, dated London, June 20, 1832,
in the aggregate. Among the best known in possession of the family of Sir W. Stern-
are : Evangeline ; My
Southern Sunny dale Bennett, differs greatly, chiefly in the
Home Write me a Letter from Home working out of the middle part.
; The
;
We parted by the River Side Driven from printed score (published by Breitkopf &
;
Home Shamus O'Brien Mollie Darling Hiirtel, Easter, 1834), is entitled Fingals
; ; ;
Tlie Moon is out to-night, Love Old- HOhle. The overture was given in New
;
fashioned Eoses are Sweetest etc. York, by the Philharmonic Society, season
;
HEAP, CHAELES SWINNERTON, born of 1852-53.— Grove, i. 724.

in Birmingham, HECQUET (Hequet), CHARLES JO-
England, April 10, SEPH GUSTAVE, born at Bordeaux, Aug.
1847, still living, 22, 1803, died in 1866. Dramatic com-
1889. Pianist and lôser, pupil of Paer. He wrote music for
conductor, studied vaudevilles, and comf)osed several ojoeras,
at Men-
Leijjsic ; of which the best are : Le braconnier, given
delssohn scholar, at the Opera Comique, 1847, and Marinette
1865 Mus. Bac, et Gros-Rene, 02)eretta, Bouffes Parisieus,
;
Cambridge, 18 71, 1856. He was musical critic on L'lllus-

Mus. Doc, 1872. tration, the Revue et Gazette niusicalc,
Conductor of Bir- and other Paris journals. Fetis Mendel. — ;
mingham Philhar- HECUBA, concert aria for alto and or-

monic Union, of G minor, text by Dr. L. Gold-
chestra, in
Stafford and other Philharmonic Societies, ham, music by Rubinstein, op. 92, No. 1,
and of Wolverhampton Musical Festivals. dedicated to Frau Caroline Gomperz-Bet-
Works The Captivity, oratorio The Maid tleheim. Published by Bartholf Senff (Leip-
: ;
of Astolat, cantata, 1885 3d Psalm, for sic, between 18G8 and 1873), and by No-
;
soli, chorus, and orchestra Voice of Spring, vello, Ewer & Co. (London).
;
chorus and orchestra Overture in F, or-

; HEDAMG, JOHANN LUCA, born at
chestra, Birmingham Festival, 1879 do. in Helsdorf, near Kronstadt,; Transylvania,
C, ib., 1879 Sonata for clarinet and jjiano- Aug. 5, 1802, died at lu-onstadt, Jan. 8,
;
forto, 1880 do. for organ

; do. for violin 1849. The cantor of his native place taught
;
and pianoforte, 1881 Quintet for piano- him singing and violin, and his musical
;
forte and wind instruments, 1882 Trios studies were finished under Drechsler and
; ;
Anthems and other sacred music Organ Blumenthal, in Vienna, where he composed
;
music Songs, part-songs, etc.

; overtures and other music for the theatres.
IIEGAK
In 1840 became cantor and cliurcli mu- ium, text by Mme Emilc de Glrardin, mu-
lie
sic director iu Ki'onstadt. His best works sic by Franz Liszt, op. 15G, composed iu
—
were cantatas, motets, and songs. Meudel. 1875. Published, score, vocal score, and
HEGAR, FRIEDRICH, born at Basel, parts, by Kahnt (Vienna, 1876).
Oct. 11, 1841, still living, 1889. Violinist, HEILIGE NACHT, DIE, ConzertstUck
pupil at tbe Conservatorium, Leipsic for alto solo, chorus, and orchestra, iu A-
(1857-GO), for a short time Conzertmeister flat, by Niels W. Gade, op. 40. The text is
of Bilse's orchestra, then at Warsaw re- from the poem, "Die Christnacht," by Au-
;
turned to Leijisic to complete his studies, gust von Platen. Published by Breitkopf
and after a visit to Baden-Baden and Paris, & Hiirtel (Leipsic, 18G3). Allgemeiue Mu-
became director of music at Gebweiler, sikalische Zeituug (18G3), 336.
Alsace. Since 18G3 he lias lived at Ziirich, HEILIG, HEILIG, HEELIG!, quartet
where he was at first Conzertmeister, then and chorus in C major, iu Mendelssohn's
conductor of the subscription concerts, and EUax, No. 35.
from 18G8 of the Touhalle orchestra. He HEIL SACHS! HANS SACHS! See
is also director of the school of music, 3Ieij<ler singer von Nuruberg.
opened in 187G. Of his compositions the HEIL SEI EUCH GEWEIHTEN. Sec
oratorio Manassa deserves especial notice. Zauberjldte.
— Mendel. HEILrNG DES BLINDGEBORNEN,
HEILANDS LETZTE STUNDEN, DES DIE (The Blind restored to Sight), oratorio,
(The Saviour's Last Hours), oratorio by by Carl Loewe, for voices a cappella, a sjie-
Spohr, text by Roclilitz, first performed at cies of oratorio composition peculiar to this
Cassel, Good Friday, 1835. The libretto composer. Published without opus number
had been previously declined by Mendels- iu ISGl.
sohn, who was then at work on his St. Paul. HEIMKEHR AUS DER FREIMDE (Re-
The oratorio is called Calvary in the Eng- turn from abroad), operetta, in one act,
lish version by Edward Taylor, the first by Carl Kliugemann, music by Men-
text
performance of which was given, under delssohn, op. 89, written for the silver wed-
Spohr's own direction, at the Norwich Fes- ding of his parents on Dec. 26, 1829. It
tival, 1830. It was given again, in Spohr's was composed in London between Sept. 10
])reseiice, under the direction of Costa, by and Oct. 4, 1829. The words of the song,
the London Sacred Harmonic Society, Ex- No. 12, Die Blumenglocken, were written
eter Hall, July 5, 1852. —
Spohr, Autobiog- by Mendelssohn, and the music by Kliuge-
raphy, ii. 217 Atlienreum (1852), 75G.
; mann. The parts were Lisbeth, Rebecca :
;
HEIL DIR IM SIEGERKRANZ, a Ger- Kauz, Devrient Hermann, Mantius and ; ;
man national song, words Ijj' Heinrich Har- the IMayor, Heusel, for whom the part was
ries, adapted to the air "God save the King." written on one note, F. Performed at the
It was written originally for the birthday of Opera, Berlin, in 1851. An English ver-
Christian VH., King of Denmark (^Harries sion, entitled Son and the Stranger, by
being a clergyman of Ilolstein), and pub- Chorley, was produced at the Haymarket
lished iu the Flensburg Wochenblatt, Jan. Theatre, London, July 7, 1851. A French
27, 1790 but it was modified later (1793) translation by Jules Barbier, entitled Lis-
;
for Prussian use by B. G. Soliumachor. —

W. beth, was represented at the Theatre Lyri-
Tappert, in Musik. Wochenblatt, Aug. 31, que, Paris, June 9, 1865. Published by
1877. Breitkopf & Hiirtel, Mendelssohn's Wcrke,
HEILIGE CACILIA, DIE (St. Cecilia), Serie 15, No. 122. —Hensel, Mendelssohn, i.
cantata for mezzo-soprano, chorus, and or- 247 ; Clement et Larousse, 404. ; Atben-
chestra, or pianoforte, harp, and harmon- iBum (1851), 744.
IIELXEMEYEII
HEINEMEYER, ERNST ^VILHELM, HEINLEIN, PAUL, boru in Nurembeig,

boru at Hauover, Feb. 25, 1827, died iu April 11, 1G2G, died there, Aug. 6, 1G8G.
Vienna, Feb. 12, 18G0. Virtuoso on the Pianist and organist, studied music iu Lis
flute, son and pupil of Cliristian Heine- native city, later in Linz, Munich, and
meyer (179G-1872, also a distinguished Italy. On returning to Nuremberg be be-
flutist, and royal chamber musician), at whose came musician to the council, organist of
side he played iu the royal orchestra, 1845 the Egidieukirche iu 1G55, musical director
-47 ; then went to Petersburg as first of the Frauenkii-che iu 1G5G, and chief or-
St.
flutist in the imperial orchestra, and was at ganist of St. Sebaldus in 1G58. He com-
the time instructor at the theatre-school posed pianoforte, organ, and church music.
there. Pensioned in 1859, he returned —Mendel ; FOtis ; Schilling ; Gerber (17'JO),
to Hanover, but in 18GG settled iu Vienna. i. GIG ; Winterfeld, Der evang. Kirchenge-
His concertos and solos for his instrument are sang, ii. 457.
very brilliant, aud much esteemed by flutists. HEINROTH, JOHANN AUGUST GUN-
— Mendel Riemann.
; THEE, boru at Nordhauseu, June It), 1780,
HEINICHEN, (JOHANN) DAVID, born died at GOttingen, June 2, ISiG. Vocal
at Crossuln, near Weissenfels, April 17, composer, but more noted as a writer on
1G83, died in Dresden, July 16, 1729. Pu- music son and pupil of Christoph Gottlieb
;
pil at the Leipsic Thomasschule of Schelle Heiurotb, who for sixty-two years was or-
aud Kuhnau studied law and practised as
; ganist at Nordhausen. In 1818 he suc-
an advocate in Weissenfels then returned ceeded Forkel as music director at the uni-
;
to Leipsic and began to compose operas. versity of GOttingen, where be was very
After living several years (1713-18) iu Italy, active in promoting the musical life of the
he was appointed court Kapellmeister iu city by establishing the academical concerts.
Dresden in 1718. He published iu 1711 a He comjoosed 16!) choral melodies for 4
large woi"k on thorough bass, which at- voices (1820) G songs for three parts G ; ;
tracted much attention. Works Helena choruses for male voices. FOtis Mendel
: — ;
und I'aris, ojjera, given at Leipsic, 1709 Rienianu.

Calpuruia, i pazzi per troppo amore, Venice, HEINZE, GUSTAV ADOLPH, born iu
Teatro S. Angelo, 1713 Several masses Leipsic, Oct. 1, 1820, still living, 1889.
; ;
Solos for violin Fugues for harpsichord, and Dramatic composer, sou and pupil on the
;
other instrumental music. In the royal clariuet of Ferdinand Heinze, and studied
library, Berlin, are Requiem for 4 voices the pianoforte under W. Haake became a
:
;
and instruments 2 masses for do. Kyrie member of the Gewaudhaus orchestra at
; ;
and Gloria, do. Te Deum, do. 2 Pange the age of fifteen. In 1840 he took lessons
; ;
lingua, do. 4 Italian cantatas. In the royal in com position of Kotte, iu Dresden, made
;
concert tours, and was

influenced by Mendels-
sohn. In 1844 he be-
came second Kapell-
y%7^^^^¥&C^2_ / meister at the Breslau

theatre,and in 1850
went as Kapellmeister
of the German opera to
library, Dresden, are : the operas Flavio Amsterdam, where he was director of the
'
Crispo, and IMario, 5 serenades, and 57 Euterpe Society from 1853, of the Vincen-
cantatas.— Allgem. d. Biogi-., xi.3G7 Fetis; tius Concerts in 1857, and of the Excelsior
; '
Mendel ; Schilling ; Riemann. | church music singing society in 18G8.

IIEISE
Works : Lorelei, Cymbalum Genethliacum, containing 1.5 mo-

opera, given at Breslau,
184C ; Die Riiine
Tharandt, ib., 1847
iu tets for Christmas and New Year, for 4, o,
;
Oratorios Auferstebimg, Sankta Cilcilia, and 6 voices (Erfurt, 1G14) Symbolum Da-
: ;
Der Feensclileier Three masses Three vidicum, containing 25 German psalms, for
; ;
overtures many cantatas, hymns, songs, 5, 6, and 8 voices (ib., 1C20) Pater noster,
;
;
and male choruses. — MendelRiemann. ; in contrapuncto colorato, for 4 voices (ib.,

HEISE, PEDER ARNOLD, bom at Co- 1C21) The 103d and 123d psalms, do.
54 ; ;
penhagen, Feb. 11, 1830, died there, July melodies by him are included in the Can-
5, 1879. Dramatic composer, studied at tionale sacrum (Gotha, 164G-48). Allgeni. —
the university of his native city ;
pupil on d. Biogr., xi. G84 ; Futis ; Mendel ; Wiuter-
the jiianoforte of A. Lund, and in theory of feld, Der evang. Kirchengesang, ii. 87.
Berggreen, Hauptmann, and Gade. He was LED THE HE THEM THROUGH
music teacher at the Academj' of SOrOe in DEEP, double choi-us in E-flat major (end-
1857-C5, then returned to Copenhagen, ing in G minor), in Handel's hrael in Egj-pt,
where lie produced successfully the operas : No. 13 ; often known as the "Wilderness
The Pasha's Daughter, 18C9, and King and chorus."
JIarshal, 1878.— Meyer, Kouv. Lex. (1888) HELE, GEORGES DE LA, born in the
Mendel, Ergiinz., Riemann.
1.54: Hainaut, about 1545, died 1591 (?). He
;
HEISER, ^^TLHELM, born in Berlin, was conductor of music in the cathedral at

April 15, 1817, still living, 1889. Vocal Tournay, and maestro de capilla at the
composer, was a choir-boy and later an op- court of Philip H., at Madrid. Works 8 :
era singer then retii-ed from the stage masses for 5, G, and 7 voices (Antwerp,
;
and taught singing in Stralsund, BerUn, 1578). !Mendel Gerber Schilling Fi'tis. — ; ; ;
and Rostock. In 1853 he became regimen- HELFER, CHARLES D', French church
tal bandmaster iu Berlin, and after 18GG composer of the IGth century. He was
devoted himself again to vocal instruction. canon and master of the children in the ca-
He composed several hundred songs, of thedral of Soissons. He composed masses,
which many have become veiy popular in hymns, etc. (Paris, Robert Ballard, 1653,
Gennany, besides dances and marches for 1658, 1660, 1674).— Fetis.
pianoforte. —
!Mendel Riemann. ; HELLVNTHUS, opera in three acts, text
HELD, JACOB, born at Land shut, Nov. and music by Adalbert von Goldschmidt,
11, 1770, died after 1812. Violinist, but represented in Leipsic, Stadttheater, March
studied also the organ and pianoforte, and 2G, 1884.— Signale (1884), 401.
at an early age became organist iu his native HELLE, ANTOINE, French composer,
place went to Munich to study philosophy, contemporary.
; He was educated at the
and became the pupil of Hampeln and Eck School for Sacred Music, Paris became ;
on the and of Danzi iu composition.

violin, maitre de cbapelle of the basilica of Saint-
Made concert tours in Germany, Switzer- Epvi-e, Nancy, for the consecration of which,
land, and France, and then settled down as in 1875, he composed a cantata-oratorio,
court musician and teacher in Munich. He entitled Les magnificences du culte catholi-
composed overtures for orchestra, string que. He is director of the Choral Society,
quartets, and concertos and variations for Alsace-Lorraine. Among his published
the violin. —
Fetis Mendel Schilling.
; ; works are organ and church music, and Le
HELDER (Helderus), BARTHOLO- TrOsor des Maiti-ises, a collection of har-
jMAUS, born in Gotha about 1-585, died iu monized plain chaunts. Fctis, Supplement, —
Remstiidt, Oct. 28, 1635. Vocal composer, i. 456.
was attendant in a school at Friemar, and HELLER. STEPHEN, bom at Pestb,
from IGIG pastor iu Remstiidt. Works : May 15, 1815, died iu Paris, Jan. 14, 1888.
TIELLER
Pianist, pupil of F. Bniuer, appeared in o\t. 55 ; Serenade, op. 50 ; Scherzo fantas-

public at an eai'ly age, and when thirteen tique, op. 57 Reveries, op. 58 Valse bril- ; ;
years old went to Vien- lante, op. 59 Canzonetta, op. CO Deux- ; ;
na, to study under An- ieme tarentelle, op. 61 Deux valses, op. ;
ton Halm made a con- 62 Capriccio, op. 63 Presto capriccioso,

; ; ;
cert tour of the cities of op. 64 Deuxiome sonate, op. 65 Caprice ; ;
Germany in 1829, lived brillant sur Le Val d'Andorre, op. 66 ; La

for some years at Augs- vallee d'amour, op. 67 L'alouette, caprice ;
burg, and went in 1838 sur une melodic de Schubert, op. 68 Chant ;
to Paris, where he soon national de Mendelssohn, fantaisie en forme

entered into friendly de souate, op. 69 Caprice brillant sur Le ;
^
S^ Cho- Prophete, op. 70 Aux inaues de Chopin,
intercourse with ;
pin, Liszt, Berlioz, and elegie et niarche funi-bre, op. 71 Le chant ;
other celebrities, and acquired great repu- du matin, Le chant du troubadour, Le

tation as a concert player and teacher. chant du dimanche, op. 72 Le chant du ;
He visited England in 1862, and played chasseur, L'adieu du soldat, Le chant du

at the Crystal Palace with HalK'. "Hc berceau, op. 73 Fantaisie et valse brillante ;
began composing in Augsburg, where he sur L'eufaut prodigue, op. 74 Rontlo-ca- ;
attracted the notice of Robert Schumann price sur La Dame de Pique et romance ;
but in spite of his friendship, his works are variee, op. 75 Caprice caracteristique sur ;
more marked by the influence of Mendels- deux themes de Mendelssohn, op. 7G Sal- ;
sohn and Chopin. Works Trois morceaux tai'ello surun theme de do., op. 77 Prome-
: ;
caracti'ristiques, oj). 7 Grande etude en nades d'uu solitaire, op. 78 do., nouvelle
; ;
forme do rondo-scherzo, op. 8 Trois mor- suite, op. 80 do., troisieme suite, oj). 89
; ;
ceaux brillants, op. 10 Eondo-valse, o-^. Quatre preludes, op. 79

; Nuits blanches, ;
11 Divertissement brillant sur Les Treize, 18 morceaux lyriques, op. 82 Six Feuillets
; ;
d'Halevy, op. 13 Passe-temi^s, recueil de d'albura, op. 83 Impromptu, op. 84 Deux

; ; ;
compositions amusantes, op. 1-1 Six ca- Tarentelles, op. 85 Dans les bois, six re-; ;
prices sur Le Shi'rif, d'Halovy, op. 17 veries et finale, op. 86 Scenes italiennes, ;
Quatre rondos sur La Favorite, op. 22 do. fautaisie-tarentelle, cr^. 87 Troisieme so- ; ;
surLe Guitarrero, op. 23 Scherzo, op. 24 nate, op. 88 Nouvelles etudes, op. 90
;
; ; ;
Deux bagatelles sur Richard Canir-de- Deux nocturnes et nocturne-serenade, op.

Lion, op. 2.5 and 2G Caprice brillant, op. 91
; Trois eglogue.s, op. 92 Deux valses ; ;
27 Caprice symphonique, op. 28

; La brillantes, op. 93 Tableau de genre, op. ; ;
Cliasse, etude caracteristique, op. 29 Dix 94 Allegro, op. 95 Grande etude de con- ; ; ;
pensi'es fugitives, op. 30 Petite fantaisie cert, op. 96 ; Dinize Llindler et valses, op. ;
et bolero sur La Juive, op. 31 and 32 97 Improvisation sur une melodic de ;

;
Fantaisie brillaute et caprice sur Charles Schumann, op. 98 Quatre Phantasie-Stiicke, ;
M., op. 37 and 38 La Kermesse, danse op. 99

; Deuxieme canzonetta, op. 100 ; ;
neerlandaise, op. 39 ; Miscellanees, op. 40 ;

Reverie d'un j)romeneur solitaire, op. 101 ;
Caprice sur Le Dcserteur, op. 41 Valse ]\Iorceau de chasse, op. 102

; ; Troisieme
elegante, op. 42 ; Valse sentimentale, op. nocturne, o^. 103 Polonaise, ; op. 104 ;
43 ; Valse villageoise, op. 44 ; Chant na- Trois Romances sans paroles, op. 105 ; Trois
tional de Charles VI., op. 48 Pastorale, op. op. 106
; Quatre Liindler, op. bcrgeries, ;
48 bis Quatre arabesques, o^. 49 Scenes

; 107 Quatrieme scherzo, op. 108 Feuilles
; ; ;
pastorales, op. .50 Vonitienne, op. 52 Ta-

; d'automne, op. 109 Deux morceaux pour ; ;
rentelle, op. 53 Fantaisie, op. 54

; La fon- un album, op. 110 INIorceaux de ballet,
; ;
talne, caprice sur uue luelodie de Schubert, op. Ill Cajjrice humoristique, oj). 112 ; ;
HELLMESBERGEU
Fant.aisie caprice, op. 113 ; Deux cahiers, pupil of Georg, the elder ; won gi-eat suc-
op. 114 ; Trois ballades, op. 115 ; Prc'ludes cess on a concert tour through Germany
composu.s pour mademoiselle 119; and England in 1847, and became Conzert- Lili, op.
Lieder, op. 120 Trois raorceaux, op. 121

; meister of the royal orchestra at Hanover ;
Valses-reveries, op. 122 Feuilles volante.s, in 1849. Works— Operas: Die Biirgschaft,
;
oi>. 123 Scenes d'enfants, op. 121: Vingt- given at Hanover Die beiden KOniginnen,
; ;
;
qiiatre Etudes d'expression at de rbytbme, ib. symphonies, and other music in MS. ;
op. 125 Trois ouvertures, op. 126 l5tudes —Mendel Wurzbach Mus. Wochenblatt,
; ; ; ;
sur Le de Weber, op. 127

Freischiitz, ;
i. 708.
Dans les bois, nouvelle serie, op. 128 do., ; HELLIMESBERGER, JOSEPH, the el-
troisii'iue suite, op. 13G Deux impromptus, ; der, born in Vienna,
op. 129 23 Variations sur un tlierae de
; Nov. 3, 1829, still liv-
Beethoven, op. 130 21 do., op. 133 Trois ; ; ing there, 1889. Vio-
noctunies, op. 131 Deux Polonaises, op. ; son and pupil of
linist,
132 Petit Album, op. 131

; Deux inter- ; Georg, the elder be- ;
medes de concert, op. 135 Deux taren- ; came artistic director

telles, oj). 137 Album dedic a, la jeuuesse,
; of the Gesellschaft der
Musikfreunde and di-
rector of the Conser-
vatorium in 1851, Con-
zertmeister at the Imperial Opera in 18G0,
first violinist in the court orchestra in 18G3,
op. 138 ; pour piano, op. 139 and Hof-Kapellmeister in 1877. He was
3 Etudes ;
Voyage autour de ma cbambre, op. 110 4 professor of violin at the Conservatorium ;
Barcarolles, op. 111. —

Barbedette, Stephen in 1850-77. With the concerts of the
Heller, sa vie, etc. (Paris, 187()) Fctis do., string quartet founded by him in 1849, ; ;
Supplement, i. 45G Mendel N. Zeitschr. and which has ever since sustained an
; ;
f. Mus. (1888), 73 Schumann, Ges. Scbrif- eminent reputation, a new era for chamber
;
ten, i. 218, 239, 247 ii. 132 211, 314, music ojêued in Vienna. As a teacher of
; ;
351 Wurzbacli.
; his instrument, and as a conductor, he has
HELLMESBERGER, GEORG, the elder, attained particular and well-deserved dis-
born in Vienna, April 24, 1800, died at tinction. Austrian and foreign orders L. :
Neuwaldegg, near Vienna, Aug. IG, 1873. of Honour, 1855, when he was president of
Violinist, pupil at the Conservatorium of the jury for musical instruments at the Paris
Bohm on the violin, of E. FOrster in compo- Exhibition freedom of the city of Vienna ;
sition assistant instructor at the Conserva- on his 25tli anniversary as director of the
;
torium in 1821, titular professor in 1825, Conservatorium. His compositions are only
and professor in 1833 conductor of the Im- of an instructive character. Wurzbach Fo-
; — ;
perial opera in 1829 member of the court tis; do., Supplement, i. 457; Mendel; Mus.
;
chapel in 1830 pensioned in 18G7. He Wochenblatt, i. 708.

;
was the teacher of Ernst, Hauser, Joachim, HELLilESBERGER, JOSEPH, the

Auer, and of bis sons Georg and Joseph. j'ouuger, born in Vienna, April 9, 1855, still
Works 2 concertos, besides solos and several living, 1889. Violinist and dramatic com-
:
works of variations for violin string quartet. poser, son and pupil of Joseph, the elder,
;
— Futis Mendel ; Schilling Wurzbach.

; whose quartet he joined as second violin in
;
HELLMESBERGER, the 1875 GEORG,

became solo violinist in the impe- ;
younger, born at Vienna in 1828, died at rial and in the opera orchestra, and pro-
Hanover, Nov. 12, 1852. Violinist, son and fessor at the Conservatorium in 1878.
HELLWIG
Works— Operettas Kapitiin Ablslrom, Der which Van der Straeten gives a detailed list.
:
(iraf von Gleiclien, given in Vienna, Theater —

Van der Straeten, i. 75 Fetis, Sujipli'- ;
Uouacher, 1880 Dor scliime Knrfiirst, Mu- ment, i. 459.

;
nich, Theater am Giirtnerplatz, ISS") Ei- HELP, LORD

; See Ililf, Herr ! !
kiki, Vienna, Carltheater, 1887 Harlekiu HEMELSOET, LOUIS, born in Ghent,

;
als Elektriker, pantomime, Vienna Opera- July 20, 1836, still living, 1889. Pianist, pu-
house, 1884 ; Fata I\Iorgaua, lyric-choreo- then studied at the Ghent

pil of his father,
graphic drama, ib., 1885. Conservatoire under Mengal, Henderickx,

HELLWIO, (KAIIL FRIEDRICH) LUD- and Andries ; won in 1853 2d prize for har-
WIO, born at Kiinerscl(n-f, near Wrietzen, mony and 1st iJrize for pianoforte ; became
July ^:i, 1773, (lieJ in Berlin, Nov. 24, 1838. professor of pianoforte in Brussels, 185G.
Organist, learned the violin, pianoforte, and Works De boereu-kermis, Flemish opera,
:
organ almost without a teacher, and while Ghent, 1861 Church music Vocal and in-; ;
in business studied theory under Giirrlieh, strumental music- Fetis, Supplement, i. —

G. A. Schneider, and Zelter. Became vice- 460 Mendel, Ergiinz., 154 Gregoir, iii. 20.
; ;
director of the Singakademie of Berlin in HEMMERLEIN, JOSEPH, German pi-

1803, organist of the cathedral in 1813, and anist of the 18th century. He was music
music teacher in several public institutions. teacher in Frankfort-on-the-Main in 1780,
Works Die Bergknaj^pen, opera given in and to the Countess von Vorberg in 1786
:
;
Berlin, 1822 Don Silvio, do.; Masses, mo- then lived in Paris until 1799, after which
;
tets, psalms, canons, chorals, and many nothing more is known of him. He pub-
songs and male choruses. Fetis Mendel — lished 6 concertos for pianoforte, with
; ;
Schilling, Supplement, 199. strings, oboes, and horns, 24 sonatas for

HELMONT, ADRIAAN JOSEPH VAN, pianoforte and violin, 6 do. for pianoforte
born in Brussels, Aj^ril 14, 1747, died there, (4 hands), 6 trios, 12 menuets, 12 anglaises,
Dec. 28, 1830. and organist, son marches, etc. Fetis INIendel.
Violinist — ;
and successor of Charles Joseph van Hel- HEMPEL, GEORG CHRISTOPH, born
mont, as director and choir-master of SS. in Gotha in 1715, died there. May 4, 1801.
Michel-et-Gudule, Brussels. Ho bad en- Violinist, member of the ducal chapel of
tered the royal chaiêl as a boy and re- Gotha. He wrote 11 symphonies, 2 con-
mained in it for forty years. He was at certos, and 12 solos for violin. Fi'tis Ger- — ;
one time chef d'orchestre of the Opera at ber (1790), i. 021 (1812), ii. 633.
Amsterdam, and composed an ojoera, L'a- HENKEL, HEINRICH, born at Fulda,
mant k'gatairo, 1808, but he wrote chieily Feb. 14, 1822, still living, 1889. Pianist,
for the church. —
Fetis do., Supjjk'ment, i. son and pupil of Michael Henkel studied
; ;
459 Van der Straeten, v. 1 and 399 ii. also under Aloys Schmitt, and theory under
; ;
231. Kessler and Anton Andre. After living in

HEL:\I0NT, CHARLES JOSEPH VAN, Fulda and Leipsic, he settled in Fraidifort-
born in Brussels, March 19, 1715, died ou-the-Main in 1849 as a teacher, and bo-
there, June 8, 1790. Organist, maitre do came one of tlio founders and directors
musique of SS. Michel-et-Gudulo, Brussels, of the Musikschule there. He has published
from the age of twenty-two, and director of songs and choruses, pianoforte pieces, and
the royal chapel for many years. He was a method for pianoforte. Mendel Fetis — ; ;
the author of a famous divertissement, Le Riemann.

retour played at the triumphal en-
di'siro, HENKEL, GEORG ANDREAS, bom at
try of Chai'les of Lorraine, as governor of Fulda, Feb. 4, 1805, died there, April 5, 1871.
the Netherlands, into Brussels (1749). He Church and instrumental composer, son
composed a gi-eat deal of church music of and pupil of ^lichael Henkel ; began to
HENKEL
compose at the age of eleven, tlieu studied anist, pupil at the Liege Conservatoire,
law at the uuiversity of Marburg, and iu where he won the first pianoforte prize,
1837 obtained an ai)poiutmeDt as musical 1845. He went to Paris in 1847, and set-
instructor in the seminary at Fulda. tled in London in 1850 now lives in Heer- ;
Works Overture to Schiller's Walleu- len. He has published concertos and other
:
stein's Lager Sonata for pianoforte and pianoforte music— Fetis, Sujapli'ment, i.
;
violin Choruses for male voices Piano- 4G1 Gregoir, Doc. hist., iii. 21 Viotta.
; ; ;
;
forte and organ music. Symphonies, over- HENNEN, FREDEKIK, born at Heer-
tures, masses, motets, songs, and choruses len, Holland, in 1830, still living, 1889.
remain in MS. Mendel. — Frtis
VioHnist, brother of .Ai-nold and Matthcus
;
HENIvEL, MICILIEL, born at Fulda, Heunen, pupil at the Liege Conservatoire,

June 18, 1780, died there, March 4, 1851. of Dupont and Prume won first prize for ;
Church composer, pujnl of Vierliug early violin, 184G, and medal, 1847. With his ;
became chamber musician to the Prince brother Arnold he went to Paris, and in
Bishop of his native j^lace, and from 1805 1850 settled in London, where he became
was music teacher of schools. He corn- first violinist at Her Majesty's Theatre,
loosed a large number of church, organ, and under Balfe. Obliged to retire in 1855 on
lîauoforte pieces, and published several account of his health, he made a concert
choral books. Works Music to Ifflaud's tour through Holland with his two brothers,
:
drama Achnjet und Zenida, and to Konig's and after his return to London was solo vio-
Baueruhochzeit 3 German masses for 4 linist at the English theatre and the Phil-
;
voices, 2 horns, and organ 2 sonatas for harmonic Society. Since 1872 he has lived
;
pianoforte and violoncello 100 versicles, at his couutiy seat at Strythageu, near
;
and other music for the organ duos for Heerlen. He has composed for his instru-
;
flutes many pianoforte pieces, songs, and ment. Futis, Supplement, i. 461 Gregoir,
; — ;
choral melodies. —
Mendel Fetis Schilling. Doc. hist., iii. 22.
; ;
HENNEBERG, JOHANN B.APTIST, HENNEN, MATTHEUS, born at Heerlen,

born at Vienna, Dec. G, 17GS, died there, in 1828, still living, 1889. Pianist, brother
Nov. 27, 1822. Organist and pianist, was of Arnold Hennen pupil of the Liege Con-
;
conductor at the Theater an der Wien in servatoire won first pianoforte prize in
;
1790-1804, and having removed to Hof, on 1852. He settled in 18G0 as teacher in Ant-
the Hungarian frontier, became organist to weq), where he is professor in the school of
Prince Eszterhazy, at Eisenstadt, in 1805, music. He has jjublished music for i)iano-
and conducted the occasional operatic
also forte, violin, and violoncello, and church and
performances there. On the disbanding of orchestral music. — Fetis, Supplement, L
the jjrince's orchestra he returned to Vi- 4G1 ; Gregoir, Doc. hist., iii. 21.
enna, where he afterward became choir- HENNHG, Iv.iRL, born in Berlin, April
master at the Stadtkirche am Hof, and in 23, 1819, died there, April, 18, 1873. He
1818 court organist. Works Operettas — : was organist of St. Paul's in 1847, and of
Conrad Langbart von Friedburg Die ; the from 1351 until his
Sophieukirche
Waldmiinner, Vienna, 1793 Der Scheeren- ;
death ;
male chorus, Lyra,
also directed the
schleifer Die EisenkOnigiu, ab. 1800 Die
; ;
and in 1863 received the title of royal music
Liebe macht km'zen Process, 1801 Die ;
director. His most important compositions
Gigauten Symphonies Songs Overtures
; ; ; ;
are Die Sternennacht, symphony-cantata,
Cantatas Church music.
; — Wurzbach ; Men- 1854 Kunigspsalm (1849), and Friedeus-
;
del ; Gerber Schilling ; psalm (1854), for soli, chorus, and orches-
; Frtis.
HENNEN, AEXOLD, born at Heerlen, tra besides which he wrote songs, and many ;
Netherlands, in 1820, stiU living, 1889. Pi- quartets for male voices. Mendel Riemaun. — ;
ITEXXI^'^,
HENNIXO, KARL -U'lLHEOr, born at of the king in London, and ends with the
Berlin, Jan 31, 1784, diocl there, April, interruption of the presentation of Anne as
1867. He became violinist at the royal maid of honour b}' the funeral march of
theatre in 1807 ; chamber musician in the Buckingham. The scene of the second act
court chapel in 1811 ; royal Conzertmeister is Richmond Park ; the third act deals
in 1822 ; member Eoyal Acailemy in 1833 ;
with the trial of the divorce suit in West-
made royal Kapellmeister by Frieclrich minster Abbey ; and the last with the death
Wilhelm'lV. in 1840, and after fifty years' of Catherine and the downfall of Anne Bo-
service, was peusioucil in 1848. "Works leyn. The part of the king was sung by:
Das Roscumadchen, comic opera, given in Lasalle Don Gomez de Feria, the Spanish ;
Berlin, 1825 Music to 30 plays, melodra- ambassador, by Dereims

; Catherine, by ;
mas, 2 ballets Cantatas Songs sextet for Jllle Krauss and Anne, by Mile Richard.
; ; ; ;
strings Quartet for violins, trios, duos, so- The opera was enthusiastically received.
;
natas, and solos for violin and violoncello. Remodelled and cut to three acts by the
— Mendel Fi'tis Schilling.
; ; composer and performed in Paris, October,
HENNmS. See Baym. 1888. The ballet music was performed in
HENRION, PAUL, bom in Paris, July Boston by the Symphony Orchestra in 1885.
20, 1819, still living, 1889. Vocal com- Published in I'ari.s by Durand, Schoeue-
poser, studied pianoforte under Henri werk & Cie Lcipsic, Rieter-Biedermann ;
Karr, and harmony with the blind organist, (1884).— Athenreum (1SS3), i. 41S.
Moucouteau published over 1,000 ro-
;
HENRY VIIL, incidental music to Shake-
mances and chansonnettcs, many of which sjieare's play of, by Arthur S. Sullivan, pub-
liave become very popular. His operettas, lished by Jletzler & Co. (Loudon, 1879).
Una rencontre dans le Danube (1854), Une HENRY OF NAVARRE, ballad for male
envie de clarinetto (1871), and La chan- voices and orchestra, by George E. Whit-
teuse par amour (1877), had but little suc- ing, first performed by the Apollo Club,
cess. —
Fetis do.. Supplement, i. 4G1.
; Boston, April 29, 188,5.
HENRY Vm., King of England, born HENSCHEL, (ISIDOR) GEORG, born in
June 28, 1491, at Greenwich, died at White- Breslau, Germany,
'
liall, Jan. 28, 1547-48.

Originally intended Feb. 18, 1850, still
for the church, he was instructed in music, i

living, 1889. Bari-
and seems to have had some skill in com- tone singer and
position. He sang and played upon the composer, pupil in
recordei', flute, and vii-ginals. Works Breslau of Wandelt
Latin motet for three voices, Quam pul- and Schaefler, and
chra Anthem, O Lord, the INIaker of all
; in Leipsic from 1867
things Passetyme with good cumpanye
;
;
of Moscheles and
The Kynge's balade Two masses for use ; Wenzel on the pi-
in the Royal Chapel. Grove Mendel Fe- — ; ; anoforte, of Rei-
tis North, Memoirs of Musick, 75.
; uecke in theory and composition, and of
HENRY Vni., grand opera in four acts, Giitze in singing. In 1870 he studied com-
text by Luonce Detroj'at and Ai-mand Syl- position in Berlin under Kiel, and singing
vestre, music by Saint-Saeus, first repre- under Adolf Schulze. After singing several
sented at the Oiêra, Paris, March 5, 1883. years in concerts in Germany, Austria, Swit-
The libretto, which deals somewhat freely zerland, Russia, Holland, and Belgium, he
with history, treats principally, like Doni- went in 1877 to London, remained until
zetti's Anna Bolena, with the story of x\nne 1880, and then went to America. In 1881-
Boleyu. The first act opens in the palace 84 he was conductor of the Boston Svm-
HENSEL
jilionj' Orchestra. He then returned to instrument for the pianoforte, which he
Englaml, and since 1885 has been settled in studied, atfirst under Lasser, and then un-
Loudon, where, in 188G, he was a^jpointed der Geheimriithin __ »,
professor of singing in the Royal College von Fladt, who also

of Music, and conductor of the London gave hina some in-
Symphony Works Friediich der
Concerts. : struction in har-
Schoue, opera A
Sea Change, or Love's
; mony. 1831
In
Castaway, comic operetta, text by W. D. King Ludwig L
Howells An oratorio Gijssy serenade for
; ; made him an allow-
orchestra Psalm iii., for soli and chorus
;
ance to enable him
Psalm cxxx., for soli, chorus, and orchestra, togo to Weimar, and
given in Berlin in 1872, London in 1879 ;
study under Hum-
Serenade for string instruments, Berlin, mel. He has always
1872, Pesth, 187G, London, 1S78 Canon- been recognized as a pupil of Hummel, al-;
suite for string orchestra Canons for pi- though he never succeeded in appropriat-
;
anoforte 10 Serbisches Liederspiel and ing to himself Hummel's method of playing,

;
—
other songs. Mendel Eiemanu. having developed an original method of his
;
HENSEL, FANNY (CACILIA), born at own before going to Weimar. After eight
Hamburg, Nov. li, 1805, died May 14, months he left his teacher, returning to
1817. Eldest sister of Mendelssohn, who Munich, whence he soon went to Vienna,
was tenderly attached to her, and who said where be studied counterpoint for two
she played better than he at one time. She j-ears under Sechter, and practised the pi-
married W. Hensel, a jjainter, in 1829. anoforte. In 1836 he was ordered to Carls-
"Works Gartenlieder
: Part-songs Songs bad, and thence to Berlin, for his health.
; ;
for voice and pianoforte Trio for j)ianoforte In Berlin, as also in Dresden, Weimar, and
;
—
and strings. Mendel Fotis Hensel, The Jena, his playing ai'oused the greatest en-
; ;
Mendelssohn Family. thusiasm in private circles but the only ;
HENSEL, JOHANN DANIEL, born at times he ever appeared before the general
Goldberg, Silesia, Dec. 31, 1757, died at public in Germany were on a short tour
Hirschberg, Dec. 10, 1839. Dramatic com- through Dresden, Leipsic, and BerUn to
poser, studied at Kiuiigsberg University Breslau, in 1837. After marrying in Breslau
and became tutor at Halle, where he was in this year, he went to St. Petei-sburg in
a pupil of Tiirk in 1792 he founded an 1838.
; He was soon made chamber pianist
educational institution at Hirschberg, where to the Empress, and also to the Pi-ince von
mu.sic was taught and concerts were occa- Oldenburg, and played much in society,
sionally given. Works Cyrus und Cas- but almost never in public. He adhered
:
sandra, opera (1787) Daphne, do. (1799) strictly to this plan on the trips he made
; ;
Die Geisterbeschworung, oiêretta Die to Germany, for recujieration, almost every ;
Geisterinsel, do. Jesus, oratorio ;Can- summer. He was later appointed inspector ;
tatas :Method for pianoforte (1799-1800). of musical instruction in all the government
;
—Allgem. d. Biogi-., xi.Fu- educational institutions for girls. Up to

789 ; Mendel ;
tis ; Schilling. the Crimean war he appeared in public

HENSELT, ADOLF VON, born in from time to time in St. Petersburg and
Schwabach, Bavaria, May 12, 181-1, still liv- other Russian cities, but since then he has
ing, 1889. Famous pianist and composer devoted all his time to composition and
for his instrument he was taken to Mu- teaeliing.
; His natural nei-vousness and
nich when and began to shyness in face of a large audience made
three years okl,
take violin lessons, but soon gave up that it almost imjjossible for him to play at con-
IIENTSCIIEL
certs he would have a pianoforte iu the

;
HENTSCHEL, FRANZ, director and
greeu-room, and while the orchestra on the composer, born in Berlin, Nov. G, 1814,
stage was playing the introductory ritor- still living, 1889. Pupil of Grell, A. W.
ndlo of a concerto he would play with them Bach, and Marx. He became musical di-
up to the point when he had just time to rector of the theatre at Erfurt in 1843, at
run to his place on the platform and strike Altenburg in 1845 ; returned to Berlin,
the first chord of his solo part on the in- where ho directed the jirivate theatre,
strument that was ready for liim, in sight Urania, iu 1848-51, has taught music.
of the audience. On one such occasion, in Wôrks Die Hexenreise, opera Ojjerettas
: ; ;
St. Petersburg, he forgot to take the cigar Melodramatic music Marches ami other ;
out of his mouth, and continued smoking pieces for orchestra, and for military band ;
through the whole of the first movement of Concertos for flute, oboe, clarinet, and
a concerto, oblivious of Emperor and court. hoi'n Pianoforte music
; Songs. Mendel. ; —
Indeed, Henselt has been perhaps the only HENTSCHEL, THEODOR, born at
great pianist of the first rank from whom Schirgiswalde, Uj^per Lusatia, March 28,
the general musicalpublic has hardly 1830, still living, 1889. Dramatic com-
ever heard a note. Those who have heard poser, was choir-boy in Dresden, where he
him report his playing to be of the most studied under Reissigerand Ciccarolli, then
poetic, inspired, and at the same time pupil at the Conservatorium at Prague.
wholly musical, character. He was espe- He played the pianoforte in concerts iu
cially noted for his playing of Hummel and, Leijisic, was appointed Kapellmeister of
above all, Weber. He excelled in playing the theatre there, and iu 18G3 went to
widely extended chords and arpeggios Bremen iu the same capacity. Work.s
and a large hand is almost indispensable Operas Matrose und Stinger, given at
:
to anyone who would play his compositions. Leipsic, 1857 Der Kijnigspage, Bremen,
;
Of these the most important is his F minor 1874 Die Braut von Lusignan, oder die
;
concerto, op. IG, which had for a long time schijne Melusine, ib., 1875 Lfincelot, ib., ;
the reputation of being the most difficult 1878 ; Overtures, and symphonic marches
jjiauofortc piece iu existence. Although it for orchestra Mass for male voices Piano-
; ;
has since been excelled in this respect by forte music, and songs. Fe tis do., Sujij^lc- — ;
some more recent works by other com- ment, i. 4G3 Mendel Riemann. ; ;
posers, it still holds an honourable place HERBMN, Chevalier D', born in Paris
in the repertory of all great pianists. Next in 1734, died there in 17G9. Dramatic
to the concerto sho\ild be rated his two comjjoser, also captain in the army, cheva-
sets of Studies, op. 2 and op. 5, which are lier of St. Louis, and member of the Acad-
quite unique iu their way. His melodious emy of Corsica. He went to Italy at the
accompaniments, for " first pianoforte," age of seventeen, and produced an inter-
to several of Cramer's studies, are also of mezzo, H geloso, Rome and Florence, 1751.
great value. His transcriptions of works While in Corsica with his regiment he wrote
by Beethoven and Weber have had their several operettas. Works II trionfo del :
ciglio, Lavinia, given at Bastia, 1752, and

in several Italian cities, 1753 CV'limene, ;
Paris, Opi'ra, 175G Les deux talents, ib.,

;
Comedie Italienne, 17G3 Nanette et Lucas, ;
day, as have also his pianoforte trio, and a ib., 1764 2 cantatas, and motets.
; Fetis — ;
not very large number of fugitive pieces. Mendel.

— Von Lenz, Die grossen Pianoforte-Vir- HERBECK, JOHANN FRANZ VON,
tuosen uuscrer Zeit, 85 Mendel.
; born iu Vienna, Dec. 25, 1831, died there.
IIERCULANUM
Oct. 28, 1877. Ho stmlicd harmony with demic Imperiale de JIusiquo, Paris, March 4,
Eotter a few months, but was almost en- 1859. This work won the Institut's prize of
tirely self-educated 20,000 francs. It was first written as a
;
was choir-director to drama with vocal pieces, entitled Jjo, tin du

the Piarists in the monde then as an opera for the Theatre
;
Josephstadt in 1851?, Lyrique, under the title of Le dernier

chorus-master to the amour, and finally as above. The action
Vienna Milnnerge- passes in the reign of Titus, in the evening
sangverein in 1850 ;
of the destruction of Herculaneum and
professor in the Cou- Pompeii. The hbretto, though somewhat
servatorium and deficient in historic colour, its authors hav-
chorus-master of the ing drawn some of their best material from
Siugverein in 1858 ; director of the Gesell- the history of Sodom and Gomorrah and
schaft dcr Musikfreunde in 1859 chief the prophecies concerning the end of the
;
court Kapellmeister in 18CG director of world, contains many interesting and dra-
;
the imperial Opera in 1871, but resigned matic situations. The music is grand and
in 1875, and resumed his former office in beautiful, and especially rich in the orches-
the Gesellschaft der IMusikfreunde. Works tration. The role of Helios, sung by Roger,
Songs ; Overtures ; Symphony in D
was one of the great tenor's finest creations.
minor
String quartets ; Masses, in E in F The
characters of Olympia and Lilia were
and
Te Deura Graduals
; Tanzmomeute represented by Mmes Borghi-Mamo and
;
;
Kiinstlerfahrt Symphonische Variationen. Gueymard-Lauters.^Lajarte, ii. 225.

;
— Wurzbach Fetis, Supplement, i. 4G3

; HERCULES, musical drama in three ;
Mendel Mus. Wochenblatt, viii. 640, 655. acts, text by Rev. Thomas Broughton,
;
music by Handel, first represented at the

King's Theatre, Haymarket, London, Jan.
5, 1745. The original score, in Bucking-
ham Palace, is dated at the beginning, July
19, 1744, and at the end, August 17, 1744.
Characters represented : Hercules, bass ;
Dejanira, soprano ; Hyllus, tenor ; lole, so-
prano Lichas, alto Priest of Jupiter, bass

; ; ;
chorus of Trachinians, chorus of Oechalians.

Scene, Trachiu, in Thessaly. Though an-
nounced as a " musical drama," it was pro-
duced and published as an " oratorio."
First published by Walsh published by ;
Arnold, 1785-86 ; by the Hiindelgesell-

schaft (Leipsic, 1859). Hercules was re-
vived at the Lower Rhine Festival, Diissel-

dorf. May 17, 1875, under direction of Joa-
chim, and in London, June 8, 1877, under
that of Henry Leslie. Rockstro, 316. —
HEREDIA (Herredia), PEDRO, Spanish
church composer of the first half of the 17th
HEKCULANimi, French opera in four century, died in Rome in 1048. He was
acts, text by Mi'ry and Hadot, music by F('- maestro di cajipcUa of St. Peter's, Rome,
licieu David, first represented at the Aca- from 1G30 until his death. His masses and
IIERING
other cliurdi music are iu the Sautini col- he returned to New York, resuming his
lection.^ — Fi'tia. former activity ; iu 1884 was elected con-
HERING, KARL EDUAKD, born at ductor of the
OscLatz, Saxony, May 13, 1807, dieil at German Lieder-
Bautzen, Dec. 30, 1879. Son and pupil of k r a n z and in
,
K. G. Hering, and at Lei^jsic pupil of Wein- 1887 apjjointed

lig in 1819 he became organist at Bautzen,
; professor of
where he founded and conducted a singing Sacred Histoiy
society. Works — Oratorios : Der Erloser, at the Theologi-
given at Leipsic in 183-1Die heilige Nacht, ; cal Semiuarj-.
David, Salomo, Christi Leid und Herrlicli- Works Vineta,
:
keit. Operas Conradin, der letzte Hohen-

: romantic op era
staufe, Tordenskjold A mass given iu ; (1872-73), re -
Prague in 1835 Other masses Cantatas

; ; ;
written, 1888;
Hymns ; Psalms, and ballads. —Mendel Lanzelot, heroic opera (1880), 1st act -per-
Futis ; Schilling. formed at the Liederki-anz Concert, Stein-
HERING, KARL (FEIEDRICH AU- way Music to Schil-
Hall, April 22, 1888 ;
GUST), born iu Berlin, Sept. 2, 1819, still ler's Braut von Messina (1883-84) The ;
living, 1889. H. Ries and

Violinist, pujnl of Bridge of Sighs (Hood), cantata for soli,
Rungenhagen in Berlin, of Lipiuski in Dres- chorus, and orchestra, Berlin, Siugakade-
den, and of Tomaschek in Prague. After mie, 1879 The Spirits of the Thay, do.
; ;
making concert tours, he was for a short Sancta Ciicilia (Der Sanger von Gmiiud),
time attached to the royal chapel of Berlin ; do. (1885) ; The buried Song, do. (male
founded the Souatenverein there in 1848, voices, 1888) ; Friihlingszug, overture for
and a music school in 18.51. Received the Berlin, Singakademie, 1879 orchestra, ;
title of royal music director. Works Sym- Concert Overture in D Dido, Concert aria
: ;
phonies Overtures Masses Chamber and

; ; for sojDrano with orchestra Concerto for
; ;
I)ianoforte music Songs. He was author

; pianoforte and orchestra Sonatas and suites ;
also of educational works. —

Mendel Futis, for various instruments Sextets, quintets,
; ;
Supph'meut, i. 403 Riemann. ; quai'tets, etc., for male and mixed voice.s,
HKRITIER, JEAN L', church composer with and without accomiDauiment Terzets, ;
of the French school, first half of the IGth duets, and songs.
century. His motets are found in Motetti HERILVNN. See Armi)vu><.
della Corona (1519) in Fior di Motetti ; HERJMANN (CONSTANT HERMANT,
(Rome) and in other French and Italian called), born at Douai, Aug. IG, 1823, still
;
collections of that time. — Fetis. living, 1889. Violinist, pupil at the Paris
HERMAN, REINHOLD LUD"U^G, born Conservatoire of Guerin and Habeneck ;
at Preuzlau, Brandenburg, Sept. 21, 1849, won the first \-ioliu prize in 1841, and stud-
still living, 1889. Pianist, pupil at Stern's ied later under Leborue. He has comijosed
Conservatorium, Berlin, of Ehrlieh on the for violin and pianoforte. Fi'tis. —
pianoforte, of Stern in vocal culture and HERJLVNN, FRIEDRICH, born in
conductorship, and of Kiel in comjjosition. Fraukfort-on-the-Maiu in 1828, still living,
In 1871 he went to New York, devoted him- 1889. Violinist, pupil of Mohr, and at the
self to vocal instruction, and
conducted Leipsic Consei-vatorium of Ferdinand David,
several singing societies there, in Brook- Mendelssohn, and Hauptmann. In 1846
lyn, and New Haven, until 1878, when he he became first viola player of the Gewand-
was called to Berlin as director of Stern's haus and theatre orchestras of Leipsic, and
Conservatorium and opera school. In 1881 teacher of violin in the Conservatorium there.
HERMANN
devoting himself to the latter from 1878. " Seiner lichen Clara
" first
performed at ;
lieceived the title Gewandhaus, Leipsic, Feb. 2(!, 1857.

of royal professor in 1883. the
: ; —
Works Symphony Violin music. Men- It was Schumann's first intention to write
del Meyer, Couv. Lex., xxi. 421.
; an opera on this subject. Arranged by the
HERMANN (HERMANN COHEN, composer for pianoforte for four, and for
called), boru in Hamburg, Nov. 10, 1821, two hands published by Breitkojjf & Hiir- ;
still living, 1889. Pianist, son of a rich tel (Leipsic, 1857).
banker, studied music as an amateur, and HERMANNSCHLACHT, DIE, overture

was a good performer at the age of twelve. for orchestra in C minor, by Gcorg Vicrling,
Reverses of fortune having obliged him to op. 31. Theme, Kleist's drama, "Die Her-
adopt music as a profession, he gave con- mannschlacht." Dedicated to Julius Rietz,
certs in Gei'many, but finally settled in published by Breitkopf & Hiirtel (Leipsic,
Paris (183-4), where he became Liszt's fa- between 18G0 and 1807).
vourite pupil, aud was taken by him to HERMIONE, German opera in four acts,
Geneva as jirofessor at the Conservatoire, text by Emil Hopfter, music by ^Max Brucli,
which be founded there. Cohen subse- op. 40 first represented iu Berlin, March
;
quently returned to Paris, then travelled 21, 1872. The libretto is an adaptation
through England, Germany, and Italy, aud of Shakespeare's " Winter's Tale." Mus. —
brought out an opera iu Verona. When Wochenblatt (1872), 222.
twenty-five years old he returned to Paris, HERNANDEZ, PABLO, born in Sara-
abjured the Hebrew faith, became a Catho- gossa, Spain, Jan. 25, 1834, still living, 188i).
lic priest (18.51), and entered the Order of Organist, pupil of Valentin Meton ; became
Barefooted Friars as Father Augustin Ma- organist of the parish church at the age of
rie. He became celebrated for his preaching, fourteen entered the JMadrid Conserva-
;
published a collection of canticles, and com- torio in 1856, as pupil of Hilarion Eslava,
—
posed a mass under his new name. Fetis, and won, in 1861, 1st prize for organ and
Suppli'ment, Mendel, Ergiinz., 155. composition became organist of the royal
i. 4G4 ; ;
HERM.VNN, JOHANN DA\TD, born in church of Nuestra Damn de Atocha, and pro-
Germany about 1700, died in Paris in 184G. fessor at the Couservatorio. He has pub-
Pianist, settled iu Paris in 1785 was first lished a method for the organ, church mu-
;
heard at the Concerts Spirituels, became sic, and comjwsed several zarzuelas, besides
teacher to Marie Antoinette, but on the ar- orchestral music. Fi'tis, Supph'ment, i. —
rival of Steibelt was obliged to give up that 405 Mendel, Ergiinz., 150 Riemann.
; ;
position. Both musicians competed for HERNANDO, RAFAEL JOSE 'M\m\

public favour and royal patronage at a per- boru in Madrid, May 31, 1822, still living,
formance where Steibelt's new and spark- 1889. Dramatic composer, pupil of Ramon
ling style was greatly iu contrast to that Carnicer at the Madrid Couservatorio went ;
of Hermann, who was a follower of Bach. to Paris about 1843 became composer and ;
He remained iu Paris through the Revo- director for a Madrid theatre secretaiw, in ;
lution, and amassed a fortune by buying 1852, and later professor of harmony at the
up the royal properties at public sales. Madrid Couservatorio. Works Zarzuelas — :
He published concertos, sonatas, potpour- Las sacerdotisas del sol Palo de ciego, ;
ris, etc., for pianoforte. Fetis —

Mendel Colegiales y soldados. El duende, 1849
; ;
Weitzmann, Geschichte des Clavier.spiels, 82. Bertoldo y ComjDarsa El novio pasado por ;
HERMANN UND DOROTHEA, overture agua Cosas de Juan Una noche en el ; ;
for orchestra to Goethe's " Hermann und serallo El tambor Aurora Escenas de
; ; ;
Dorothea," in B minor, bj* Schumann, op. Chamberi Por seguir a una m>ijer El ; ;
13G, composed in 1851, aud dedicated nacimieuto Premios a la virtud aud a ; ;

IlEKO
Proyccto, nionioria para la creacion do una ho determined to make music his profes-
Acadeinia cspanola dc musica y de fomcnto sion, and entered Louis Adam's pianoforte
del arte JIass, performed 18G7
; Stabat ;class at the Conser-
Jlater Cantatas, hymns, etc.
; Fotis, Sup- — vatoire. In 1810 he
plt'ment, i. 4GG ; Meudel, Ergilnz., 150 ;
took the first prize ;
Riemann. studied harmony

HERO AND LEANDER, cantata, by under Catel, in 1811
Charles Harford Lloyd, performed at first began lessons in
the Three Choirs' Festival, Worcester (Eng- composition under
land), Sept. 9, 1884:. Published by Novello, M.'hul, and in 1812
Ewer & Co. (Loudon, 1885). Athentcum — took the Prix de
(1884), ii. 34.5. Rome with a can-
HERO UND LEANDER, overture in A tata, ]\Iademoiselle
major, for orchestra, by Julius Rietz, op. 11, de la Vallii're. After
comjjosed in Diisseldorf between 1836 and working hard in Rome for nearly three
1848. Arranged for pianoforte for four years, he went iu 1814 to Najjles, where he
hands. Published by Breitkopf & Hiirtel became pianist to Queen During
Caroline.
(Leipsic). — Schumann, Gesamm. Schr., ii. the last year of his stay at Rome
he had
324. written an opera bufifa. La gioventh di En-
HEROES, WHEN WITH GLORY BURN- rico Quiuto, the libretto of which he com-
aria of Othniel, in F major,
ING, contralto piled himself, with Landriani's assistance,
"ATemjJO diGavotta," with accompaniment from Duval's comedy "La jeunesse do Henri
of 2 oboes, strings comjDlete, and continuo, V." This work was given at the Teatro del
in Handel's Joshua, Act II., scene 4. Foudo, Naples, 1815, with flattering suc-
HEROiDE FUNfiBRE (Helden-Klage), cess. On his return to Paris in 1815, Boiel-
symphonic jjoem, by Liszt, dieu asked him to finish his uncompleted
for orchestra,
op. 4, No. 8. Composed in 1830 as the score of Charles de France. His work on
first part of the Symphouie Revolutionnaire, this score brought him into favorable no-
worked over in 1849. First performed in tice his own opera, Les rosii'res, was
;
Ureslau, afterward in Berlin and Fraukfort- given at the Fevdeau with success in 1817,
ou-the-Oder. Published by Breitko^jf & and followed nine months later by La clo-
Hiirtel (Leipsic, 1857). chette. Although he evinced in this opera
HEROLD, FRANCOIS JOSEPH, born unmistakable dramatic force, it was some
at Soltz, Alsace, March 10, 1755, died in time before he could get another libretto.
Paris, Sept.
1, 1802. Pianist, studied mu- Meanwhile, he wrote many pianoforte fan-
sic Hamburg, where ho afterward be- tasias and other smaller works, which
in
came a j)upil of Carl Philipp Emanuel never had quite the success thej- deserved.
Bach. He
settled in Paris in 1781, as From 1818 to 1825 he produced opera after
teacher published sonatas for haqj, and opera, not wanting iu high musical merit,
;
for pianoforte with violin. Fetis. —

but with texts so poor as to prevent them
HEROLD, LOUIS (JOSEPH FERDI- from obtaining any real success. During
NAND), born in Paris, Jan. 28, 1791, died three years (1820-1823) of this time, how-
there, Jan. 19, 1833. Son of Franyois Jos- ever, Hi'rold filled the post of accompany-
eph Herold, piqDil at the pensionnat Hix, ing pianist at the Theatre Italien, and
where ho attracted the notice of Fetis, who wrote nothing for the stage. The five
gave solfege lessons there, by his quickness operas written during the two years follow-
of musical perception. So rapid was his ing showed the evil effects of the state of
progress that, when his father died in 1806, discourasemeut into which he had fallen.
IIEROLD
Tlie success of Rossini's operas, the re- was a man of large general culture, and his
hearsals of whieli he had accompanied at native genius was made doubly efficient by
the Theatre Italien, induced him, as a last a careful and thorough technical education.
resort, to copy that master's manner, but His early orchestral works show that, had
Rossini's style was in no way sj-mpathetic his bent not proclaimed itself determinedly
to his peculiar genius. 1826 he rein the direction of the stage, he might have
lu
turned to his own native manner, in Marie, occupied no mean position among modern
his finest work up The most marked features
to that time, as well as syniphouists.
his greatest success. But his career as a of his dramatic music are great melodic
dramatic composer was again interrupted. invention, warmth of feeling, dramatic fit-
In 1827 he became chef du chant at the ness, and finished elegance of style. His
Opera, the duties of which left him little handling of the orchestra is masterly.
leisure, and for the nest two or three years Works I. Opei-as 1. —
La gioventii di :
he wrote nothing but ballets (four in all), Enrico Quinto, Naples, Teatro del Fondo,
an overtui'e, and some incidental music for 1815 2. Charles de France, ou amour et
;
the drama of Missolonghi, at the Odcou. gloire (in collaboration with Boieldieu),
The.se ballets were successful enough, and Paris, Opera Comique, June 18, 181G ; 3.
gave Hi'rold a good deal of useful experi- Les rosieres, ib., Jan. 27, 1817 ; i. La
ence, which was noticeable in the stjle clochette, ou le diable page, ib., Oct. 18,
of his one-act operetta Opera 1817 5. Le premier venu, ib., Sept. 28,
Illusion, ;
Comicjue, 1829. Emmeline, brought out 1818; 6. Les traqueurs, ib., 1819; 7.
the year after, was a failui-e, but in 1831 L'amour platonique, in rehearsal at the
Zampa placed him upon the pinnacle of Opera Comique in 1819, but never per-
success. About this time Herold's health formed 8. L'auteur mort et vivant, ib.,
;
began to fail, but no argument could pre- Dec. 18, 1820 9. Le muletiei; ib.. May ;
vail upon him to seek repose and change of 12, 1823; 10. Lasth6uie, Opera, Sept. 8,
climate, which, if taken in time, might 1823 11. Vendome en Espague (with
;
have saved his life. The mental agitation Auber), ib., 1823-24; 12. Le roi Rene,
accompanying his superintendence of the Opera Comique, Aug. 24, 1824 13. Le ;
rehearsals of Le pre aux clercs (his last im- lapiu blanc, ib.. May 21, 1825 14. Marie, ;
portant work), hastened the progress of ib., Aug. 12, 1826 15. Illusion, ib., July
;
the disease of the chest from which he suf- 18, 1829 16. Emmeline, ib., Nov. 28,
;
fered, and he died less than a month after 1829 17. L'auberge d'Auray (with Cara-
;
the performance of the work, which

first fa), ib., May 11, 1830; 18. Zamptt, ou la
has always been considered his mastei-piece fiancee de marbre, ib.. May 3, 1831 19. ;
in France, although in Germany the palm La marquise de Brinvilliei-s (with Auber,

is generally given to Zampa. At his death Batton, Berton, Blangiui, Boieldieu, Carafa,
he left an unfinished opera, Ludovic, which Cherubini, and Paer), ib., Oct. 31, 1831 ;
was completed by Halevy and brought out 20. La midecine sans medecin, ib., Oct.
successfully in 1831. Herold was buried 18, 1832 21. Le pre aux clercs,
; ib., Dec.
at Pi-re Lachaise, not far from Jli'hul's 15, 1832 ; 22. Ludovic (left unfinished,
tomb. In 1827 he married Adele Elise comi)leted by Hah'vy), ib., SLiy 16, 1833.
Rollet, by whom he had three children n. Cantatas, Ballets, etc.
: 1. Mademoi- :
Ferdinand, a lawyer, afterward senator selle de la Valliere, cantata (Prix de Rome,

Adele, and Eugenie, a talented musician, 1812) 2. Astolphe et Joconde, ballet,
;
bora 1832, died of consumption, 1852. Opera, 1827 3. La somnambule, ballet,

;
Herold was eminently one of the greatest ib., 1S27 4. Lydie, ballet, ib., 1828 5.
; ;
of French writers of oiX'ra-comi(iue he La belle au bois dormant, ballet, ib., 1828

; ;
JIKKU
G. La fillo iiml ganlc'C, ballet, ib., Nov. 17, iu Johann Sebastian ]5ach's cantata Festo
IS'iiS. UI. Pianoforte music Sonatas for visitationis. Mari;e, Meine Seel' erhebes den
:
pianoforte, op. 1, 3, 5 Caprices for do. Herren (Bachgesellschaft, No. 10). Pub-
;
with quartet, op. 8, !) ; Hondo for four lished, with additional accompauiment.s, by
hands, op. 17 ; Cajjrices for pianoforte, oj). Robert Franz (Leipsic, "Whistling).
4, (i, 7, 12, 58 ; Rondos and divertissements HERR GOTT ABRAHAM'S, bass aria of
for do., op. 10, 14, 1(5, 18, 20, 22, 27, 31, Elias, in E-Hat major, in IMendelssohn's
34, 37, 40, 41, 44, 47, 53, Fantaisie.g Elkm, No. 14. 55 ;
49 Varia-
for do., op. 2, 15, 21, 28, 33, 43, HERR GOTT, VATER, figured choral, ;
tions for do., op. 19, 30, 35 Potpourris iu D major, for soprano and alto, with fig-
;
for do., etc. r\^ Uniiublished works, sent ured continuo, in Johann Sebastian Bach's
from Rome, and now in the library of the cantata Festo ascensionis Christi, Ifcr da
Conservatoire Symphony for grand or- glaubet und getauft wird. The melody is
:
chestra, iu C ; D Hymn
on the "Wie schiiu leuchtet der Morgenstern,"
Do., in ;
Transfiguration 4 voices written by Philipp Nieolai (1598-99).

(Latin text), for
HERR,"^HORE UNSER GEBET, duet for

two soprani, with chorus, iu A minor, iu
Mendelssohn's Eliax, No. 2.
HERRERIUS, mCHAEL, born in ]\Iu-
nich, about 157(), died ('?). Ecclesiastic,
and church composer. Kapellmeister of the
church of St. Nicholas, Strasburg, from lOOG.
His church music was published iu Augs-
and orchestra Scena ed aria con cori (Ital- burg (1604, 1608), and republished in Pa-
;
ian text) 3 string quartets, in D, C, and dua (1617).

;
Fotis Gerber. — ;
—
G minor. Jouvin, Hurold, sa vie et ses HERRMANN, GOTTFRIED, born at
uuivres (Paris, 1868) Magasin jiittoresque Sondershausen, May 15, 1808, died at Lii-
;
(1873), 156. and pianist, beck, June 6, 1878. Violinist

HERR, DEINE GUTE, and of Hauptmann
soprano aria in pujjil of Spohr at Cassol,
E, with accompaniment of 2 violins and iu composition was first violinist at Han- ;
continuo, in Johann Sebastian Bach's can- over, and under the influence of Aloys
tata Dominica XIV. post Triuit., Wer Dank Sehmitt dcvelojjcd into an excellent pianist.
opfert, der preisset niich (Bachgesellschaft, With his brother Karl he founded a string
No. 17). Published, with additional ac- quartet in Frankfort-onthe-Main became ;
companiments by Robert Franz (Leipsic, music director and organist of St. Mary's, at
Whistling). Liibeck, in 1831, court Kapellmeister of Son-
HERR, DEIN MITLEID, Duet dershausen in 1844, and city Kapellmeister
for so-
prano and bass, in A, vpith accompaniment of Liibeck in 1852, directing at times the
of 2 oboes d' amore, organ, and continuo, in theatre there and the Bach-Vereiu of Ham-
Johann Sebastian Bach's cantata Feria IH., burg. Works Operas Toussaiut Lou- — :
Nativ. Christi (TI1'»!ac7i/.s-Oratorium, Part verture Barbarossa, given at Liibeck about ;
ni.), Herrscher des Himmels, erhfire das 1856; Das Johannisfeuer, ib.; Die Walpur-
Lalleu (Bachgesellschaft, Vol. V,
b.). Pub- gisnacht Orchestra and chamber music, ;
lished, with additional accompaniments by and songs. Mendel do., Ergiinz., 156 — ; ;
Robert Franz (Breslau, Leuckart). Riemami.

HERR, DER DU STMUv, Soprano aria HERTEL, JOHANN CHRISTIAN, born
in li-tiat, with accompaniment of 2 oboes at Oettingeu, Suabia, in 1699, died in Octo-
iu unison, strings complete, and continuo. ber, 1754. Virtuoso on the viola di gamba ;
HERTEL
destined for the eburcb, and was tauglit only in Leipsic, and later of Hans von Biilow iu
singing and the gamba took lessons se- Munich. He was engaged as director of
;
cretly at Mersebiu'g of tbe court organist, the Opera in Warsaw for two years and ;
Kaufmann, on tbe jjianoforte and violin, was appointed professor of pianoforte iu

and in composition went to Halle as a tbe Stern Conservatorium, Berlin, in 1872.
;
tbeological student in 1710, wbere be en- He has composed for tbe pianoforte Po-
tertained a lively intercourse with tbe famous lish and German songs, which have been
Kubuau at Leipsic ; bis father finally yield- very popular. — Mendel.
ing to bis desire to be a musician, be stud- HERVfi (FLORIMOND RON GEE,
ied at Darmstadt under Hesse first violin- called), born at Hou-
;
ist of court chapel at Eisenach in 1710 dain, near Arras, June ;
Conzertmeister at the court of Meclilen- 30, 1825, still Hving iu

burg-Strelitz about 1742, until 1753, when Paris, 1889. Organist,
the orchestra was disbanded. Of bis nu- aud dramatic com-
merous compositions for orchestra and poser, originator of tbe
chamber music only sis sonatas for violin French operette was ;
—
were published. Mendel Fetis Schilling. organist at several
; ;
HEKTEL, JOHANN WILHELM, born churches in Paris ap- ;
at Eisenach, Oct. 9, 1727, died June li, peared as singer on

1789. Violinist and pianist, son and 2)upil the stage a short time
of Jobann Christian H. court composer at iu 1848 chef d'orchestre at the Theatre du
; ;
Schwerin in 1757 later. Kapellmeister

; Palais-Royal iu 1851 connected with vari-
; ;
private secretary to the Princess Ulrike in ous theatres in Paris, Marseilles, Montpel-
—
Schweriu up to 1789. Works Oratorios lier, and Cairo in 1854-09, as composer, :
Der sterbende Heyland Jesus in Banden leader of orchestra, or actor was engaged
; ;
(1782) Jesus vor Gericbt (1782) Jesus in in London in 1870-71, and in 1874, to con-
; ;
I'Lirpur (1783 ;) Die Gabe des beiligen duct the promenade concerts at Coveut
Geistes (1787) Der Euf zur Busse (1787) Garden. He writes his own librettos.
;
;
Die Himiuelfabrt Christi (1789); Die Ge- Works — Operettas Vade au cabaret un :
;
burt Jesu Christi (1789) Synipbonies So- Drame en 1779

; Le compositeur toijuc
; ;
;
natas for pianoforte. Mendel Fetis—La fiue fleur de IMndalousie La perle de

; ; ;
Schilling. I'Alsace La belle Espagnole Fifi et Mini ; ;
HEKTEL, PETER LUDWIG, born in all at Folies Concei'tantes, 1855-50 ; Toinette

Berlin, April 21, 1817, still living, 1889. et sou carabinier ; Femme a vendre ; Le
Son Karl Hertel (1784-1868), pommier ensorcele La dent de sagesse
of the violinist ; ;
pupil of Greulich on the pianoforte, of liietz L'alcbimiste, ib., 1850-58 Le hussar perse- ;
on the violin, of J. Schneider and Marx in cute, La fanfare de Saint-Cloud, Delasse-

composition. Became court composer in ments-comiques, 1802 Les toreadors de ;
1858, and director of court ballet in 1860. Grenade, Theatre du Palais-Royal, 1863 Le ;
He wrote symphonies, overtures, etc., but joueur de flute, Varietes, 1804 Uue fan- ;
devoted himself siêcially to ballet music. tasia, ib., 1865 La revue pour rien, ou Ro- ;
His best works are Die lustigeu Musketiere land a Ronge-Veau, Boufles Parisiens, 1805
: ;
(1852) ;Flick uud Flock (1858) ElUnor Les chevaliers de la table ronde, ib., 1860
; ;
(1809) Sardanapal (1865)

; etc.— Mendel, L'CEil creve, Folies Dramatiques, 1807
; ;
Ergiiuz., 218 Fi'tis, Supplement, i. 408.

; Chilperic, ib., 1808 Le roi d'Amatibou, ;
HERTZ, mCHAEL, born in Warsaw, Palais-Royal, 1808 Chilmerie, Eldorado, ;
Sept. 28, 1844, still living, 1889. Pianist, 1808 Le petit Faust, Folies Dramatiques, ;
pupil of Plaidy, Reinecke, and Moscbeles 1809 Les Turcs, ib., 1809 Le trOue d'£- ; ;
IIEIIZ
cosse, Variott's, 1871 ; Lo iiouvel Alacliu, 11, 14, 27, 33, 37, 44, Gl, GO, 73, 103 ; Fan-
Tht'atre Dcjazet, 1871 (îvcu first in Eiig- taisie chevaleresque, with orchestra, oj).
lisli, Lomloii) ; La veuve du Malabar, Varii-- 202 ; Grand trio for pianoforte, violin, and
tcs, 1873 ; Le hussar persecute (amplified violoncello, op. 54 ; Duos for 2 pianofortes,
into 2 acts), Palais Royal, 1873 ; Alice de op. 72 and 104 ; do. for pianoforte and vio-
Nevers, Folies Dramatiques, 1875 ; La belle lin, on operatic themes (with Lafont), op.
poule, ib., 1875 ; Estelle et Nt'moriu, Ope- 73, 75, 9G, 110; Grande sonate debravoure,
ra Boafff, 1S7G ; Pauurgc, La unit aux op. 200 ; Etudes, op. 119, 151-3, 179 ; Les
coutrastes, trois grandes etudes, op. 214 ;
24 Lecyous progressives, op. 20G Les diffi- ;
cultes du piano resumees en dix etudes

speciales, op. 21G Recreations illustrees, 12 ;
petites fantaisies caracteristiques, op. 215 ;

Caprices, nocturnes, divertissements, mor-
ceaux de salon, marches, valses, contre-
soufflets, Le retour des cioises, 1881: Fri- dauses variees, galops, mazurkas, etc.; Me- ;
voli, London, La marquise des rues, 188G. thode conii)lete de piano, op. 100. Fetis; do., —
— Ft'tis, Supplement, i. 468 Riemann. Sujjjjlement, i. 470
; Herz, Mes voyages en ;
HEKZ, HENRI, born in Vienna, Jan. G, Amerique (Paris, ISGG); Mendel Schumann,
;
180G, died in Paris, Ges. Schriften, i. 150, 188, 218, 233, 285 ;
Jan. 5. 1888. Pian- Weitzmann, Gesch. d. Claviersp., 132, 135.

ist, first instructed HERZ, JACQL'ES (SIMON), born in
by bis father, and Fraukfort-on-the-Main, Dee. 31, 1794, died
atCobleutz by Hiiu- at Nice, Jan. 27, 1880. Pianist, brother of
ten,then (181G) at Henri Herz went at an early age to Paris, ;
the Conservatoire, where he was pupil at the Conservatoire

Paris, p u p i1 of under Pradher. He was considered one of
Pradher, and in the best teachers in Paris. He gave lessons
composition of for a time in London, but returned iu 1857
Dourlen ; took first to Paris, to become assistant professor to
prize for pianoforte his brother at the ConseiTatoire. He pub-
the first year ; ]Moscheles, in his visit to lished a great deal of pianoforte music, be-
Paris in 1821, improved his style made a ; sides sonatas for violin, and a sonata for
tour Germany with Lafont in 1831
in horn. —Fetis ; Mendel ; Weitzmauu, Ge-
visited London in 1834, where he played schichte des Clavierspiels, 132.
duets with Moscheles and J. B. Cramer at HERZBERG, ANTON, born at Tarnow,
his own concert professor at the Conserva-
; Galicia, June 4, 1825, still living, 1889.
toire in 1842 ; lost heavily Vienna of Booklet and
as jjartner of Pianist, pupil in
Klepfer's pianoforte manufactory, and to Preyer. He gave concerts iu Hungary,
obtain money for establishing a factory of Poland, and Russia, and lived iu Moscow
his own, he travelled in Mexico, West In- in 18G6, as teacher of the jnauoforte. He
dies, and the United States iu 1845-51 subsequently visited Turkey, Greece, Italy,
then made pianofortes, and received first France, England, and Holland. About 130
prize at Exposition of 1855 resigned of his pieces were published in different
;
at the Conservatoire in 1874. Works cities. He received the Order of Christ

8 Concertos for pianoforte, with orchestra, from the King of Portugal, and an Order
op. 34, 74, 87, 131, 180, 192, 207, 218 14 froiu the Shah of Persia. Mendel do., ; — ;
Rondos, with or without orchestra, op. 2, Ergiiuz., 158 Fetis. ;

IIEPtZBERfl
HERZBERG, WILHELII, born at Kiis- changing to A tempo ordinario in B-flat

trin, Oct. 18, 1819, died there, Nov. 14, 1817. major, in Handel's Thmdora, Act XL, scene 6.
Pianist, pupil of A. W. Bach, and Ruu- HESDIN, PIERRE, French composer of
genhagen, in Berlin, at the Akademie der the IGth century. He was recorder of the
Kiinste, where he took several silver medals. brotherhood of Saint-Julien, in whose ar-
His name had become favourably known cliives he is called a prebendary cantor.
by his various compositions, when his early In the accounts of the exchequer under
death, by being thrown from a horse, cut Henri H (1547-1559), he is mentioned also
short a life of great promise. He left in as a singer of the royij chapel. His mas-
MS. the opera Die Bergknappen, the orato- ses and motets are found in the jirincipal
rio Tobias, symphonies, concertos for violin, collections of the time, and his chansons
trios, pianoforte music, and songs. —^len- fraucaises in Attaignant's and other French
del ; Ft'tis. collections. — Fctis ; !Mendel.
HERZLIEBSTER JESU, choral in B HE SENT A THICK DARKNESS, choiiis
minor, for Cori I and H, with accompani- in Handel's Israel in Egyjit, No. 8, begin-
ment of flutes, oboes, and strings complete, ning in F minor, and ending in E major ;
in Johann Sebastian Bach's I'as.-iivn iiach commonly known as the " Darkness cho-
Matthiius, No. 3. The melody is by Johann rus."
Criiger (1640). HE SHALL FEED HIS FLOCK, aria for
HERZOG, JOH.IN'N GEORG, born at soprano, in B-flat major, with accompani-
Schmijlz, Bavaria, Sept. C, 1822, still living,con sordini, in ment of strings complete
1889. Virtuoso on the organ, jjupil of Bo- Handel's The Messiah, No.
18. This aria
denschatz, and at the seminary in Altdorf, of stands in B-flat, and is for soprano aU
Hen-ling. Organist at the Protestant church through in Handel's first MS. score (Facsim-
in Munich in 1812 cantor in 1819 profe.s- ile, London, 18C8), as it does also in ^lo-
; ;
sor at the Conservatorium in 18.30 ;

profes- zart's and Robert Franz's scores. But it
sor at the University of Ei'langen in 1855.has long been the custom in England and
Works Haudbuch fiir Organisten Priilu- this counti-y to have the first half of the
: ;
dien buch fugues, and other organ music. aria sung in F by a contralto, and to have
;
— Jlendel Ft'tis do., Snppli'ment, i. 470. the second half (from the words. Come
; ;
HERZOGENBERG, HEINRICH YON, unto Him) simg in B-flat by a soprano.

born at Gratz, Styria, HESIONE, tragic opera in five acts, with
June 10, 1843, still
living, 1889. Pianist, pupil of Dessoflf at a i^rologue, text by Dauchet, music by Cam-
the Conservatorium, Vienna lived at Gratz pra, represented at the Acadcmie Royale de
;
until 1872, then went to Leipsic, where in Musique, Paris, Dec. 21, 1700. The poem,
conjunction with Pliilipp Spitta, Franz von which is interesting and well calculated for
Holstein, and Volkland, he founded a brilliant spectacle, is full of allusions to
.:Vlfred
the Bach-Verein in 1874. In 1885 he was the times and the praises of Louis XTV'.
called to Berlin to succeed Kiel as director The music of the choruses is veiy beautiful.
of the composition academy, class at the The i^rincipal charactei-s represented are
with the title Co-
of professor. Works : Laomedon, Hesioue, Venus, Anchise, Ti'la-
lumbus, cantata Other choral works Sym-
; ; mon, and Cleon. Mile Le Maure made a
phony in G minor Quintet, with wind in- ;
great success in the role of Ht-sione when
struments String quartets Trios Sonata
; ; ; the opera was reproduced thirty years later,
for piauofoi'te Allotria, for do. (4 hands)
; and after her Mle Clairon. It was given
Deutsches Liederspiel, etc. Riemann. — until 1743.
HE SAW THE L0\T:LY YOETH, clio- HE SPAKE THE WORD, double chonis
i-us, beginning Largo in B-flat minor, and in B-flat major in Handel's f^racl in Egv-pt,
HESPEL
No. G ; commonly known as the " Flies' overtures ; a string quintet ; 2 quartets ;
cliorus." concerto, sonata, and other music for
HESPEL, PIERRE JOSEPH, born at pianoforte ;

jjreludes, fugues, fantasias,
Touruay, bcgiuniiig of the 19th century, etudes, etc., for organ. — Mendel ; Fetis ;
still living, 188'J. Church composer, taught Riemann.

music in his native town, where he was also HESSE, ERNST CHRISTIAN, born at
director of music in the cathedral, and be- Grossen-Gottern, Thuringia, AprQ 14, l(i76,
came director of the Societo chorale desdied at Darmstadt, May IG, 17G2. Virtu-
oso on the viola di gamba, pupil in Paris
Odconistcs, which he helped to establish.
His choruses without accompaniment have of Marin Marais and Forqueray ; returned
been very popular in Belgium. Works to Darmstadt in 1702. Travelled from :
Mass a cappella 4 masses with orchestra ; ;

1705 to 1707, was appointed Kapellmeister
Stabat Mater, do.; 3 litanies, do.; 27 can- in Vienna in 1713, and returned to Darm-
tatas 55 sacred pieces with orchestra or
;
stadt in 1719, visiting Dresden, where he
oi-gau 20 pieces for violoncello Quartets
; ;
appeared with rare success as a comjioser
for strings About 100 romances and vocal
; and virtuoso at the court concerts. He
melodies Over GO morceaux de genre for
; and suites for his in- coraijosed sonatas
pianoforte, etc.; Mi'thode de jjiano Ecole strument, besides music for other instru-
;
de rintonation Solfcge concertant a quatre ments, and churcli music but most of this
; ;
voix Ecole du phrase musical.

; rt'tis, Suji- last remains in MS. —
Mendel Fetis Schil- — ; ;
ph'ment, i. 470 Mendel, Ergiiuz., 157.; ling.

HESS, CHiiKLES LEON, born at Lo- HE THAT SHALL ENDURE. See Wcr
rient, Jan. 28, 1844, still living, 1889. Pi- bis an das Ende.
anist, first instructed by his father, an Alsa- HETSCH, (KARL FRIEDRICH) LUD-
tian professor of the pianoforte, then at the WIG, born at Stuttgart, April 2G, 1806,
Conservatoire, Paris, pupil of Bazin and died at Mannheim, June 18 (2G?), 1872.
Chauvet. Works La cure merveilleuse, Pianist and violinist, pupil of Abeille from
:
comic opera. Theatre Frau^'ais, Rouen, 1875 the age of six subsequently of Weiss. He ; ;
Psalm LXXVII., for soli, chorus, and orches- was destined for the church, but in 1828
tra, ThL'atre du Chatelet, 1876 Suite for abandoned his theological studies for music.
;
orchestra 20 psalms ; Collection of 10 He taught in Stuttgart and was greatly

;
melodies. —
Fetis, Supf)lement, i. 471. assisted by Lindpainter, through whose in-
HESSE, ADOLPH (FRIEDRICH), born fluence his opera, Ryno, was produced in
at Breslau, Aug. 30, 1809, died there, Aug. 1833. The King of Wiirtemberg having
5, 18G3. Virtuoso on the organ and pianist, granted him a pension, he travelled, and
son of an organ builder, pupil of Berner and on his return, in 1835, assumed the position
E. KOhler, afterward at Weimar of Hum- of director of music at Heidelberg. He
mel and while visiting Darmstadt and Cas- went to Mannheim in 1846 as second Ka-
;
sel, much influenced by Rinck and Spohr. pellmeister of the court theatre. Besides
He became assistant organist at St. Eliza- his ojjera he composed oratorios, sympho-
beth's, Breslau, in 1827, and organist at nies, concertos for isianoforte and for violin,
St. Bernard's in 1831 ; visited Paris in 1844, the 130th psalm, divertissements for wind
Italy in 1846, and England in 1852. In instruments, pianoforte music, Lieder, and
Paris he inaugurated the new oi'gan at other vocal music. Mendel Riemann Fe- — ; ;
Saint-Eustache, and there, as well as after- tis Schilling, Supplement, 205 Allgem. d. ; ;
wards at the Crystal Palace, gave very suc- Biogr., xii. 319.
cessful performances. Works : Tobias, ora- HEUBERGER, RICHARD (FRANZ JO-
torio ; cantatas ; motets ; symphonies ; 4 SEPH), born at Gratz, Styria, June 18, 1850,
IIEUDIER
still living, 18S0. Dramatic composer, stud- HE WATCHING OVER ISRAEL. See
ied music under the best masters in Lis na- Sirhi', der Hiiter Israel's.
tive city, but became a civil engineer, and HEY:\1ANN, KARL, born at Amsterdam,
did not devote himself to music definitely Oct. 4, 1851, still
until 187G. He was made Chormeister of living, 1889. Pi-
the academic Gesangverein in Vienna, and in anist, pupil of Hil-
1878 also conducted the Singakademie there. ler, Gernsheim,
Works Abenteuer eiuer Neujahrsuacht,
: and Breunung at
opera, given at Leipsic, 18SG Symphony ;
;
the Conservatorium
Nachtmusik, for orchestra, op. 7 Varia- ; of Cologne, and of
tions on a theme of Schubert, for do. over- ; Kiel in Berlin;
ture to Byron's Cain rhapsody, for mixed
; early attracted the
chorus and orchestra Geht es dir wohl, ; attention of the mu-
cantata for soli, male chorus, and orchestra world as a pi- ;
sical
songs and choruses. Riemann. — anist, and having
HEUDIEK, ANTOINEFIUNCOIS, born been obliged by
in Paris in 1782, died (?). Violinist, pupil nervous prostration to retire from piiblic
of Gaviuics at the Conservatoire. Chef life for several years, reappeared again in
d'orchestre of the Theatre des Jeunes Ar- concerts with Wilhelmj in 1872, and became
tistes, Paris, and from 1807 of the Versailles musical director at Biugen. In 1879-80
theatre. Works L'heureux jour, ou les he was instructor at Hoch's Conservatorium,
:
cinq mariages, comic opera, Versailles, but finding teaching uncongenial, devoted
1810 Three ballets several melodramas
; ; himself entirely to a virtuoso's career.
;
Concerto for violin Quartets for strings. Wôrks

;
Concerto for pianoforte Elfen- : ;
— Fotis ; do., Sujiplement, i. 471. spiel ; Mummenschanz, Phautasiestiicke,

HEUREUX QUI NE RESPIRE. See etc., for do. — Riemann.
Domino Noir. HIAWATHA, concert overture in B-flat
HEURTEUR, GUILLAUME LE, French minor, by J. C. D. Parker, first given in the
composer of the middle of the IGth cen- Music Hall, Boston, Feb. 14, 1878.
tury. He was Canon of the church of HIGNARD, (JEAN LOUIS) ARISTIDE,
Saint- Martin, Tours. Some of his coiniôsi- born at Nantes, May 22, 1822, still li\'ing,
tions are found in the MSS. of the Na- 1889. Dramatic composer, pupil at the
tional Library, Paris, in a volume entitled Conservatoire, Paris, of HalOvy
: won 2d ;
Cantiques de Nostre-Dame. His works prize for composition, 1850. Prix de Tre-
were published by Attaiguant (Paris, 1545, mont from the Acadt'mie des Beaux-Arts, in
1548).— Futis. 1871. Works: Le visionnaire, given at
HEUTE WIRST DU MIT MIR, duet for Nantes, 1851 Le Colin-maillard, Paris, Tlu'- ;
altoand bass, with accompaniment of 2 viole atrc Lyrique, 1853 Les compaguons de la ;
da gamba and continuo, in Johann Sebastian Marjolaine, ib., 1855 M. de Chimpanzu, ib., ;
Bach's Actus tragicus (Gotten Zeit ist die al- 1858 Le nouveau Pourceaugnac, L'auberge ;
lerbeste Zeit). The melody in the alto voice des Ardennes, ib., 18G0 Les musicieus de ;
is the choral, "Mit Fried' und Freud' ich I'orchestre (with Delibes and Erlauger),
fahr' dahiu," written Hamlet, lyric trag-
by Martin Luther Bouffes Parisiens, 18G1 ;
(1524). edy, Nantes, Grand Theatre, 1888 Les mules ;
HE WAS DESPISED, aria for alto, in E- de Fleurette, La mille et dcuxiome nuit,

tlat major, with accompaniment of strings comic operas (JIS.) Le joueur d'orgue, A la ;
complete and continuo, in Handel's The porte, parlor operettas Rimes et melodies, ;
Messiah, No. 21. 2 collections of songs several choruses with ;

IIILES
orchestra; 6 choruses for female voices, HILL, born at Fiilda, WILHELM,

with pianoforte (i liands) 12 choruses for March 28, 1838, still living, 1889.
; Pianist,
male voices a cappella Duos, etc. Valses pupil of Heinrich Henkel and of Hauft';
; ;
Valses in 1854 he settled at Frankfort, where his

concertantes for pianoforte (4 hands) ;
romautiques, for do. etc. ; —

FiHis, Supple- opera Alona was awarded the second prize
ment, i. 472 Mendel, Erganz., 158.

;
at the competition in 1882 for the opening
HILES, HENKY, born in Shrewsbury, of the new Opera house. Among his other
England, Dec. 31, compositions deserve especial mention 2
182G, still living, at sonatas for violin, op. 20 and 28, the trios, op.
Manchester, 1889. 12 and 43, a quartet with pianoforte, op. 44,
Organist at Bury, and some songs. — Riemanu.
1846; Bishop- Wear- HILLEMACHER, PAUL JOSEPH WIL-
mouth, 1847; St. Mich- HELM, l)orn in Paris, Nov. 25, 1852, still
"Wood Street, living, 1889. Pianist, pupil of Bazin at the
ael's,
London, 18.59 Blind Conservatoire, where be won a second prize

;
Asylum, ]\Ianchester, for harmony in 1870, a first accessit for

1800 Bowdon, 18G1 fugue in 1872, and the grand prix de Rome
; ;
St. Paul's, Hulme, in 1876, for his cantata Judith. A moreeau

Manchester, 1864-67 lecturer at Owen's symphonique, for orchestra, was played at
;
College, ib., and conductor of several musi- the Concerts moderues, in 1876. Fctis, —
cal societies. Mus. Bac, Oxford, 1862 Supplement, i. 473. ;
Mus. Doc, ib., 1867. Works: The Patri- HILLER, FERDINAND, born in Frank-
archs, oratorio Fayre Pastorel, cantata
; f ort-on -the - ai n ;
M
The Crusaders, sacred cantata, 1874 Watch- Oct. 24, 1811, died
;
fulness, cantata for female voices Sing to in Cologne, Mn.j 12,

;
the Lord, festival anthem I was glad, do. ; 1885. Of Hebrew ;
The Lord will comfort Zion, full anthem parentage jjupil of ; ;
The Lord is my Light, do. God is our Ee- ; a violinist named

fuge, do. ; Blessed are the ^Merciful, do. I Hofmann, ou the pi-
;
will lay me down in peace, tenor solo and anoforte of Alois

chorus AVlierewithal shall a young man,
;
Schmitt, and in har-
do.; I am well jileased, do. Cathedral fes- ;
/ mony and counter-
tival ser\'ice in G Morning service in F point of Vollweiler. He played a Mozart con-
; ;
Evening do. in F Fantasia, for organ certo in public at the age of ten, and began to
; ;
Prelude and fugue in A, do. Sonata in G eomjiose at twelve. In 1825 he was sent to
;
minor, do. Wreck of the Hesperus, and Weimar to study composition under Hum-
;
other jiart-songs Stars of the Summer mel, whom he accompanied in 1827 on a

;
Night, and other songs. Pianoforte music. professional tour to Vienna, where he saw
He is author also of a Grammar of Music Beethoven ou his death-bed (" Aus dera
(2 vols. 8vo, n.d.) The Harmony of Sounds Tonleben," 2d series), and jûblished his
;
(London, 1871-72-78); Modern Counter- opus 1, a string quartet written at Weimar.

point (ib., 1884) First Lessons in Singing He returned to Frankfort, but went in 1828
;
(ib., 1888). His brother, John Hiles (1810- to Paris, where, with the exception of a visit
1882), was an organist also, and author of home on his father's death, he lived seven
several didactic works, and of pianoforte years. For a short time he gave lessons at
music and songs. Choi'on's Institution de Musique, but dur-
HLLF, HERB! Chorus in D minor, in ing the greater part of his stay lived on his
Mendelssohn's E/La-% No. 1. own private means, and worked assiduously
IIILLER
ami composition. At the takable infiuence upon tlie musical thought

at the pianoforte
same time be went a good deal into society, of the day as composer, pianist, teacher,
gave many successful concerts, and did, in conductor, and litterateur. From 1850 ho
pianoforte and chamber music, very much conducted all the Lower Rhine Festivals
the same good work that Habeneck was that were given at Cologne. Hiller was
doing, in the orchestral field at the Societe long noted as one of the chief representa-
des Concerts, to introduce Bach and Beetho- tives of the ultra-classical element in mod-
ven to the French public. It was he who ern German music. He owed his eminence
first plaj'ed Beethoven's E-flat concerto in as a composer rather to a fine and highly
Paris. In his concerts he associated him- cultivated musical talent than to original
self especially with Fetis and Baillot. In genius a man of naturally refined percej)-
;
1835 he returned to Frankfort, where he tious, of fine intellectual endowments, and

conducted the Ciicilien - Verein during broad general culture, he stood prominent
Schelble's illness in 183G-1837. He next among the German conipo.sers of his day
went to Milan, where he wrote his 025era of as a follower of Mendelssohn rather than of
Romilda, brought out at La Scala in 1839, Schumann. His intimacy with almost all
through Rossini's efforts, but made no suc- the leading composers of his time, his
cess. In Milan he also began his oratorio agreeable manners and conversation, his ex-
Die Zerstiirung Jerusalems, which, when cellent style as a miter, made him an espe-
finished, interested Mendelssohn .so deeply cial favourite, except with the followers of
that he induced Hiller to spend the winter Wagner, of whose art princi2)les he was al-
of 1839-40 in Leipsic to superintend its ways a determined opponent. His comi)o-
production. In 1811 he made a second sitions almost invariably command respect,
trip to Italy, studying the old Italian church and not unfx-equently admiration, by the ex-
music at Home under the guidance of Baiui. cellence of their style, albeit that his native
Returning to Frankfort for a time, he wentgenius did not always second him well in
thence to Leijjsic, where he conducted thethe romantic direction which his instincts
Gewandhaus concerts for the season of impelled him to pursue. Of his manj'
1843-41, and then to Dresden, where ho friends Mendelssohn was the closest, and
brought out two operas, Traum der Christ- had the strongest influence over him.
iiacht and Couradin. In 1847 he was ap- —
Works I. Oratorios and Cantatas Die :
pointed municipal Kapellmeister at Diissel- Zerstijriuuj Jerusalems, op. 24 (Leipsic, Kist-

dorf, and in 18.50 at Cologne, which last ner) Saul, op. 80 (ib.)
; Additional accom-
;
jjost he continued to fill nearly up to his paniments to Handel's Deborah ; 2 psalms,

death, with but few interruptions. He con- voice and i)ianoforte, op. 27 Gesang der ;
ducted the opera at the Theatre Italien in Geister iiber den Wassern, text by Goethe,
Paris for the season of 1852-53, conducted for chorus and orchestra, op. 36 (Berlin,
a series of concerts at St. Petersbui-g in Guttentag) Eine Kiiferhochzeit, 2 voices
;
1870, and went to England in 1871 to su- and pianoforte, op. 45 Die lustigeu Musi-
;
perintend the production of his cantata, kanten, 4 voices and pianoforte, op. 48 f ;
Nala und Damayanti, at the Birmingham weint um sie, text by Byron, soprano solo,
Festival, and iu 1872 to give concerts in chorus, and orchestra, op. 49 (Bonn, Sim-
Loudon, at which he appeared both as pian- rock) ; Psalm XXV., tenor solo, chorus, and
ist and conductor of some of his own works. 60 (Mauiz, Schott) Pater
orchestra, op. ;
He organized the Cologne Conservatorium and organ ad lib., op. 61

noster, chorus ;
soon after settling in that city, and was Gesang Helo'iseus und der Nonnen am
for a long time the chief musical figure in Grabe Abiilards, alto solo, chorus, and
the Rhenish Provinces, exerting an unmis- small orchestra, op. 62 (Breslau, Leuckart)
IIILLER
P.sulm, 8 voices, op. 05 Das Stihuk-lion, ;

strumental pieces and choruses to GOrner's
male voices and strings, op. 68 (Mainz, Prinz Papagei, op. 183.
Scliott) Die Lorelei, soli, cliorus, and or-
;
III. Miscellaneous vocal 26 mixed chor- :
chestra, op. 70 (Leipsic, Kistner) Ver sa- ; uses, with or without accompaniment, op.
crum odcr die Griiudung lloms, do., op. 75 71, 116, 148, 165, 194 7 male choruses, do. ;
(ib., Breitkopf & Hartel) Christnaclit, soli, ; oj). 28, 114 6 five-iiart songs, op. 25 29
; ;
chorus, and i)iaiioforte, scored for orchestra four-part songs, op. 31, 56, 143, 199 24 ;
by E. Petzold, op. 79 (ib., Kistner) Die ; three-jjart songs for female voices and pi-
Wallfahrt nach Kevlaar, voice and piano- anoforte, op. 94, 123, 176 over 30 two- ;
forte, op. 83 Spruch, Gott mit mir, 2 ; part songs with pianoforte, op. 39, 43, 63,
voices and pianoforte, op. 89 Au das Va- ; 90, 92, 121, 132, 164, 177, 205; Weiue
terland,male chorus and orchestra, oi). 91 nicht, recitative and romance for soprano,
(Nuremberg, Schmid) C Marienlieder, cho- ; with pianoforte, ojj. 72 Reiner vou Biirgen, ;
rus and pianoforte, or organ ad lib., op. 93 Liedercyclus for a voice and jiianofurte, op.
Die Nacltf, soli, chorus, and orchestra, op. 179 Dallo prof undo chiamo a te, Signore,
;
99 (Breslau, Leuckart) ralmensonnlagmor- ; text by Dante, for a voice and pianoforte,

(jen, do., op. 102 (Leipsic, Eieter-Bieder- oji. 189 over 100 songs with pianoforte, op.
;
mann) Aus der Edda, 2 poems for male

; 16, 18, 23, 2G, 34, 41, 46, 8.5, 111, 129, 149,
chorus and orchestra, op. 107 (Breslau, 153, 159, 185, 195, 204.
Leuckart) Psalm xciii., do., op. 112 (Leip-
; IV. Orchestral Symphony No. 1, Paris, :
sic, Rieter-Biedermanu) Fjlnijslcn, chorus Jan. 1830 do., No. 2, ib., 1831
; do., No. ; ;
and orchestra, op. 119 (ib., Kistner) Os- 3, Es muss doch Friihliug werden, iu E ;
termorgen, soj)rano solo, male cliorus, and minor, op. 67 (Mainz, Schott) Sceneii aus ;
orchestra, op. 134 (Bremen, Crauz) Es dem Soldatenleben, suite, op. 146 Drama- ; ;
muss doch Friihliug werden, male chorus tische Fautasie (Sinfouischer Prolog), op.
and orchestra, op. 136 (Mainz, Schott) 166 Overture No. 1, in D minor, op. 32 ; ; ;
Frilhlingsnacht, 4 soli and orchestra, op. do.. No. 2, in A, op. 101 do. to Schiller's ;
139 (ib.) Nala und Damayauti, soli, chorus, Demetrius, op. 145
; Pianoforte concerto ;
and orchestra, op. 150 (Loudon, Novello) No. 1, iu A-flat, op. 5 do. No. 2, iu F-sharp ;
Jxraeh Siegesgesaug, soprano solo, chorus, minor, op. 69 do. No. 3, in C, op. 113 ; ;
and orchestra, op. 151 (ib.) Bundeslied, Violin concerto iu A, op. 152 Fautasiestuck
; ;
male chorus and orchestra, op. 174 Pro- for violin and orchestra, iu A, op. 152, b. ;
mctheus, soli, chorus, and orchestra, op. V. Chamber music String quintet iu G, :
175 ; llcbeh-ka, do., op. 182 ; 2 Balladeu, solo, op. 156 ; String quartet in G, op. 12 ; do.
chorus, and 187 Sauctus iu B minor, ojJ. 13 Quartet for piauoforto
pianoforte, op. ;
;
Dominus, male chorus, op. 192 Es fi'u'chte and strings, op. 1 do. iu F minor, oj). 3
; ; ;
die Gutter das Menschengeschlecht, from do. iu A minor, op. 133 Trio for j)ianoforte ;
Goethe's Ijjhigenie, chorus and orchestra, and strings, in B-flat, op. 6 do. in F-sharj) ;
op. 193 Ilk-hard Loewenherz, Ballade, minor, op. 7

; do. iu E, op. 8 do. (Sere- ; ;
tenor solo, chorus, and orchestra, op. nade), op. 64 do. (Serenade No. 2), op. ;
200. 186 Suite iu canou form, for pianoforte ;
n. Dramatic Romilda, opera, ]\Iilan, La and violin, op. 86 Serenade for do., op.
:
;
Scala, 1839 Ein Traum in der Christnacht, 109 Sonata for do., iu A minor, op. 172
; ; ;
do. (Dresden, 1845) Conradiu, do. Die other pieces for do., op. 2, 22, 38, 58, 118,
; ;
Katacomben, do., Wiesbaden, February, 142, 190 Couzertstiick in A minor, for pi- ;
1862 Der Deserteur, do., op. 120 (Mainz, anoforte and violoncello, op. 104 Serenade
; ;
Schott), Cologne, Feb. 17, 1865 Operette iu D minor, for do., op. 140. ;
ohne Test, pianoforte 4 hands, op. 106 In- VI. For pianoforte Sonata No. 1, in C, op. ; ;
HILLEE
47 ; do. No. n, in G minor, op. 78 ; Modern comic opera, ib., 1809 ; Friedrich von Schil-
Suite, op. 144: ; Suite sc'rieuse, op. 1G8 ; other lers Manen, Festspiel, ib., 1812 ; ^lusic to
pieces of various sorts, op. 4, i), 10, 11, 14, Carnier's drama "
Hercus Monte," 1810 ;
15, 17, 20, 21, 30, 33, 40, 52, 55, 117, 122, Gi-oss ist der Herr, hymn for .soli, chorus, and
orchestra (1810) Hymne an die Tonkunst,
163, 173, 175, 178, 184, 188, 191, 19C, 197, ;
198, 201, 202, 203 For 4 hands, Leichte for 4 voices and orchestra 6 quartets for
;
;
Serenade, op. 128 Grosser Festmarseh, ojj. strings Variations for violin, with second
; ;
147 Nameulose Tiinze, op. 169 For 2 violin, viola, and violoncello Grand sonata for
; ;
;
pianofortes, 4 hands. Duet iiber Liltzows pianoforte (4 hands), etc.— Fetis Schilling. ;
wilde Jagd von C. M. von Weber, op. 108 HILLER (Hiiller), JOIL\NN ADAil, ;
Grand Duet, op. 135. born at Wendisch-

Vn. Literary works " Aus dem Tonleben Ossig, near Goi'litz,
:
uusererZeit,"(Leipsic, Mendelssohn); "Die SUesia,Dec.25,1728,

Musik iind das Publicum," (Cologne, Du died at Leipsic, June
Mont - Schemberg) " Ludwig van Bee- IG, 1804. ; Dramatic
thoven, gelegentliche Aufsiitze," (Leijxsic, comjjoser, pupU of
Leuckart) ;
" Felix Meudelssohn-Barthol- Hom i 1 i u s at the
und Erinneruugeu," (Cologne, Kreuzschule in Dres-
dy. Brief e
Du Mout-Schemberg) translated by M. E. den went to the Uni- ;
von Glehn, Loudon, Macmillau & Co., versity of Leipsic in

1874) ;
" ^lusikalisches und Personliches," 1751; tutor in family
(Leipsic, Breitkopf & Hiirtel, 1876) ; "Briefe of Count Briihl, Saxon minister, in 1754 ;
went to Leijisic in 1758,

where he devoted himself to
the public concerts director ;
of concerts in 1763; founded

a school of singing in 1771
Cantor and director of music
an eineUugenannte," (Cologne, 1877; Kiinst- at the Thomasschule in Leif)sic in 1786,
lerlebeu, ib., 1880).— Fetis Mendel Mus. and resigned in 1801. His importance as
; ;
Woehenblatt, ii. Athenauni (1885), i. 641. a composer rests on his Singspiele, which
;
HILLEK, FllIEDRICH ADA^M, born in formed the beginning of the German comic
Leipsic in 1768, died in KOuigsberg, Nov. opera, develojîug individually by the side
23, 1812. and tenor singer, son of the Italian opera buSa, and the French
Violinist
and Johann Adam Hiller.
f)upil of He opera-comique. The songs from his oper-
made his debut as a tenor singer at Rostock ettas became extremely popular. Works
in 1789. Li 1790 he became musical di- OiJerettas, all given at Leipsic Der Teu- — :
rector of the theatre at Schwerin, where he fel ist los (L part Der Lustige Schuster, :
was known also as a fine violinist, and in 1768 n. part Die verwandelten Weiber, ; :
1796 at Altona and in 1803 became Ka- 17GG Lollchen am Hofe, 1760 Die Liebe
; ; ;
pellmeister of the theatre at KiJnigsberg. He auf dem Lande Lisuart und Daviolette, ;
formed a class for instruction, and his new 1767) Die Jarjd, Der Dorfbarhier, Die ;
style of teaching attracted many scholars. Musen, 1772 Der Erntekranz, Der Krieg, ;
Works Adelstan und Riischen, comic op- 1773 Die Jubelhochzeit, Das Grab des
: ;
eretta, given at Schwerin, 17!)6 Das Nixen- Mufti, 1779 Poltis, oder das gerettete
; ;
reich, intermezzo, ib., 179G Das Donau- Troja, 1782 Church cantatas Passion can-
; ; ;
weibchen, 1802 Das Schmuckkiistcheu, op- tata ChonUmelodienzuGellert'sgeistlichen

; ;
eretta, KOuigsberg, 1804 Die drei Sultane, Oden und Liederu (1761) Weisse's Lieder
;
;
HILTON
fUi- Kinder (1709) 50 geistliclie Licder f (Ir burg in 1798, lived at Riga in 1799, returned
;
Kiuder (1774) Vierstimmige Cbor-Arien via Sweden aud Denmark to Berlin in 1800,
;
and visited Paris, London, and Vienna in

1801-2. Many of his songs have become
very popular. Works Operas: II primo —
(1794) 100th Psalm
;
Cbor.albucli (1793, ; navigatore, pastor-
with appendices, 1794 aud 1797).— Allgem. al, given at Venice,
d. Biog., xii. 420 ; Fetis ; Gerber Mendel 1794; Semiramide,
;
Schilling ; Kochlitz, Fiir Freunde der Ton- Naples, 1795 Al- ;
kunst, i. 3 ; Winterfeld, iii. 472-540. Pe- essandro, St.
HILTON, JOHN, English composer of tersburg, 1798;

first half of the 17th Vasco de Gama,
century, was buried Berlin,1801;Froh-
at Westminster, sinn und Schwiir-
March 21, 1657. He merei, operetta,
was graduated as ib., lS01;Fandion
^lus. Bac. at Cam- dasLeiermiidchen,
"'
budge in 1620, aud do.,ib., 1804 Die Sylphen, fairy opera, ib.. ;
became organist and 1806 Der Kobold, operetta, Vienna, 1811.

;
Marga- Isaacco figura del redentore, oratorio, Ber-

cloik at St.
ret's, Westminster, in lin, 1792 La Danza, cantata, 1792 other ; ;
1628 lost his position when the organ was cantatas a mass Te Deum Psalms, ves-
; ; ; ;
taken down according to the ordinance of Iêrs, and other church music Concerto, ;
Parliament, 1004. Works Faire Oriana, sonatas, and fantasias for pianoforte Quar-
:
;
beautie's queene, 5-part luadrigal, in The Tri- tet for pianoforte, flute, violin, and violon-
umphes of Oriana (London, 1601) Aj-res, cello Sextet, for pianoforte, 2 violas, 2
; ;
or Fa-las for 3 voyces (ib., 1627) Catch horns, and violoncello many songs, among ; ;
that Catch can, or, A Choice Collection of them the well-known " An Alexis send' ich
Catches, Rounds, aud Canons for 3 or 4 dich," Es kann ja nicht immer so bleiben," '
'
voyces (ib., 1652) 2 Services in G minor ; and "Vater, ich rufe dich." Allgem. d. ;
—
Anthems Elegy on William Lawes (ib., Biog., xii. 435 Fetis Ledebur, Tonkiinstl.
; ; ;
1648).— Grove Mendel Fetis Hawkins, Lex. Berlins Mendel Riemann Schilling.
; ;
; ; ; ;
Hist, of Music, iv. 46-47. HINGSTON, JOHN, English composer

HIMMEL, FRIEDRICH HEINRICH, of the 17th century, buried at St. Margar-
born at Treuenbrietzeu, Brandenburg, Nov. et's, Westminster, Dec. 17, 1683. He was
20, 1765, died at Berlin, June 8, 1814. one of the musicians to Charles I., and
Pianist, intended for the church, and studied afterward entered the service of Oliver
theology at Halle but Friedrich Wilhelm Cromwell, whose daughters he instructed
;
n., hearing him play the pianoforte at in music. About 1654 he was apjjointed or-
Potsdam, he sent him to Dresden, where he ganist to the Protector, and he held concerts
studied harmony and counterpoint three at his house at which Cromwell was often
years under Naumann. Compositions of present. He is said to have been Dr.
his, performed at the end of this time, in- Blow's master, but this is doubtful. He
duced the king to make him chamber-com- composed some Fancies for the viol. Grove — ;
poser and to send him to Italy for two years Fetis, Supph'ment, 475. i.
Became Court-Kapellmeister in 1795 had HINTZE, JACOB, born at Bernau, near ;
intercourse with Beethoven at Berlin in Berlin, Sept. 4, 1622, died in Berlin, May
1796 went to Stockholm and St. Peters- 5, 1702. Contrapuntist, was city cornet
;
niPPODAMIE
player in Berlin, and in IGGC edited the came a member of the Hoftheater orches-
'
twelfth edition of Criiger's Praxis pietatis tra in Vienna, and was living there in 1811.
melica, to which he added " 65 geistreiche He composed a serenade for 2 violins, oboe,
epistolische Lieder" of his own composition. and duos for violoncello, string quartets,
Other works Martin Opitzens epistolische violins, do. for violin and violoncello, do.
:
Lieder mit 1, 2, 3 und 4 Vocalstiiumen oder for flutes, variations for violin, etc. Men- —
mehr lustrumenten, etc. (Dresden and del Fttis SchiUing. ; ;
Leipsic, 1095) Pauli Gerhardi geistliche

; HUtSCHBACH, HERINLAN^, born in
Andachten in 10 Heften (1G6G-67). He ed- Berlin, Feb. 29, 1812, died at Leipsic, May
ited the Praxis pietatis inclusive of the 28th 17, 1888. Instrumental composer, pupil of
edition. — Mendel ; do., Ergilnz., 158. Birnbach settled in 1842 at Leipsic, where
;
HIPPODAJMIE, lyric tragedy in five acts, he founded and edited the " Musikalisch-
text by Hoy, music by CamjJra, represented kritisches Repertorium " (1843—45), but
at the OpOra, Paris, March 6, 1708. This made many enemies by his biting criti-
work, though well sung, was not so success- cisms and, embittered, renounced music
ful as Hcsione, by the same author. The for a mercantile career. "Works 3 sym- :
rules of the king of Elis

and of Pclops were phonies Lebenskilmjjfe, op. 4, Ei-iunerun-
:
filled by Hardouin and Thuvenard, two gen an die Aljoen, op. 4G, Fausts Spazier-
basses that of Hiijpodamie was sung by
; gang, op. 47 Fantasia for orchestra, op. 27
;
;
]Mlle Journet. Published by Chr. Ballard 5 Overtures Fest-Ouverture, op. 3, op.

:
(Paris, 17G8). 28, Gotz von Berlichingen, op. 36, Ham-

HIPPOLYTE ET AEICIE (Hippolytus let, op. 40, Julius Ciisar ; Lebeusbilder, 12
and Aricia), tragic opera in five acts, with quartets for strings, op. 1, 20, 30-35, 38, 42,
a prologue, test by the Abbe Pellegiin, 43, 49 ; 4 quintets for do., op. 2, 39, 44, 50
music by Rameau, represented at the Acade- 2 do. with clarinet and horn, op. 40 and 48 ;
mic Koyale de Musique, Paris, Oct. 1, 1733. 1 septet, op. 5 ; 1 octet, op. 26. — Fetis
Subject founded on the " Phcdre " of Ra- Mendel ; Riemann.
cine. Though Eameau was then fifty years HISTORICAL SYMPHONY, in G, by
old, he had won so little reputation that Spohr, op. 116, Xo. 6, written in Cassel in
Pellegrin made him sign a bill for 500 1839-40, in the style of four periods : I.
Uvres to secure him for the libi'etto in case Period of Bach-Handel, 1720 ; H. Adagio,
of the failure of the opera ; but he was so Haydn-Mozart, 1780 ; HI. Scherzo, Bee-
delighted when he heard the music of the thoven, 1810 ; IV. Finale, Modern period,
first act thathe tore it up. The music, 1840. It was dedicated to the London
while not so noteworthy as that of Caalor Philharmonic Society, to which Spohr sold
et Pollux, and with no more antique colour the right of production for a year, after the
than the text, contains beautiful numbers, symf)hony was first performed in Cassel.
and the choruses are original and jjleasing. This work was well received in Leipsic and
A parody by Kiccoboni, was given at the Vienna, though Schumann was severe in his
Theatre Italien in 1733 and another, by criticism. PubHshed by Mechetti (Vienna).
;
Favart, in 1742. Ippolito ed Aricia, Italian —

AUgemeine musikalische Zeituug (1841),
opera, by P. Torri, Munich, 1731 by Tra- 63 Schumann, Gesammelte Schriften, ii.
; ;
etta, Parma, 1759 and by J. Holzbauer, 246 Spohr, Autobiogi-aphy, ii. 215.
; ;
—
Mannheim, 17G8. Lajarte, i. 171. HITZ, FRANZ, born atAarau, Switzer-
HERSCH, LEOPOLD, violinist, who be- land, July 17, 1828, still living, 1889. Pi-
longed to Prince Eszterhazy's orchestra at anist, pupil at the Paris Conservatoire of
Eisenstadt, under Josef Haydn, until 1790, Zimmerman and Laurent on the pianoforte,
when that orchestra was aboUshed. He be- and of Reber in harmony. Works Le :
iinili6ka
rouet (le Madeline, comic opera, given at father, a school teacher studied later at ;
Havre, 1870 Les dOesscs du baftoir, oper- Neubergand at Freising, under Camerloher.
;
etta, Paris, Faiitaisies-OUer, 1877 Mass He entered the order of the Benedictines
; ;
Fantaisies, variations, bagatelles, transcrip- at Weihenstephan in 1747. Among his
tions, etc., for pianoforte. — Ft-tis, Supple- many sacred compositions of all kinds, the
ment, i. 475. oi-atorio. Die Juden in der Gefangenschaft
HNILI6kA, ALOYS, born at Wilden- zu Mauassa, is especially noteworthy. ^len- —

scbwert, Bohemia, March 21, 1826, still del ; Fetis.
living, 188!). Organist, studied in Prague HOCHZEIT DES CAMACHO, DIE (Ca-
in 1842-43, and in 1840 became organist of macho's Wedding), comic opera in two acts,
the principal church of his native town. test by Klingemann, music by Mendelssohn,
He composed an oratorio with Bohemian represented at the Schauspielhaus, Berlin,
words, Ztracen;^ raj (Paradise lost) 3 April 29, 1827. The house was crowded
;
Requiems, 10 Masses, and other church mu- with the friends of the composer, then but
sic 7 quartets, etc.
;
—
Mendel Fetis Wurz- seventeen years old, and the applause was
; ;
bach. vehement but, iu consequence of the illness ;
HOBBS, JOHN WILLIA:M, bom at Hen- of Blum, the tenor, the second performance
ley-on-Thames, Aug. 1, 1799, died at Croy- was postponed, and the piece was never
don, Jan. 12, 1877. He was a chorister of given again complete until March 19, 1885,
Canterbiu-y Cathedral when five years old when it was jilayed as concert music iu
;
sang at Norwich Musical Festival in 1813 Bo.ston, Mass., by the Cecilia Society, un-
;
member of choirs at King's, Trinity, and der the leader.ship of B. J. Lang. The
St. John's, Cambridge, and later of that of music was published complete in pianoforte
St. George's Chapel, Windsor Gentleman score by Lane (Berlin), and one of the
;
of the Chapel Royal in 1827 lay vicar of sougs was included in op. 10 as No. 8.
; Les
Westminster Abbey iu 1836. Works noces de Gamache, opera iu three acts, text
When Delia sleei)s. My ancestors were by Planard, music by-Bochsa, Paris, Sept.
Englishmen, The cax^tive Greek Girl, and 16, 1815 do., text by Dupin and Thomas ;
other songs, more than 100 in all Glees, Sauvage, music by Mercadante, arranged
;
etc.— Grove. by Gui'nec, Paris, May 9, 1825.

HOBRECHT (Obrecht), JACOB, born HOCHZEIT-KLANGE, for orchestra, by
at Utrecht about 1430, died about 1506. Bruno Oscar Klein, first performed at
One of the most distinguished contrapunt- Thomas's Young Peoi^le's Matinees, New
ists of the Netherlands, contemporary of York, April 14, 1888.
Josquin Despres maitre de chapelle of the
; HOCKH, KARL, born at Ebersdorf, near
Cathedral at Utrecht iu 1465, and succeed- Vienna, Jan. 22, 1707, died at Zerbst in
ed Jacques Barbireau iu the same capacity 1772. Violinist studied at Pruck, then ;
at Notre Dame, Antwerp, in 1492. His travelled with Franz Benda, who secured
masses, motets, hymns, etc., are to be found him a position in 1732 as Conzertmeister to
in various collections of the time, and in the Prince of Anhalt-Zerbst, which he held
manuscript in the archives of the Papal until his death. Works 7 Parthien for :
Chapel, and in the royal library at Munich. two violins and bass (Berlin, 1761) 6 sj'm- ;
—Fetis Forkel, ii. 521 Mendel.

; ; phonies, 18 concertos, and 12 soli for violin.
HOCHBERG, Count BOLKO. See — Mendel ; Fetis ; Wûrzbach.
Franz, J. H. HOCMELLE, PIERRE EDMOND, born
HOCHBRUCKER, Pater COLESTIN, in Paris, Sept. 18, 1824, still living, 1889.
born at Tagmersheim, Bavaria, Jan. 10, Blind organist, pupil at the Conservatoire
1727, died in 1803. Organist, pupil of his of Benoist on the organ, of El wart in coun-
IIODERMANN
terpoint, and of Leborue in composition ; HOERTER, PHHilPPE, born at Stras-
won the second j'l'ize for organ in 1843, burg, Aug. 30, 1795, died there, Nov. 6,
and the first in 1844. He is organist of 1863. Composer, self-taught was at first ;
Saiut-Pliilippe du Roule.
Besides the op- a tailor, then a soldier and prisoner of war
erettas, Uu service d'ami, 18C4, Le vieux after the capitulation of Dantzic, and for
maestro, 1872, and others given in conten years double-bass player in the orches-
certs, he has composed works for the organ, tra of Strasburg, where by close application
and many romances. — Ft'tis ; do., Supple- and perseverance he made himself master
ment, i. 475. of the science of music. He became direct-
HODEIIMANN, GEORG, born in Sax- or of the gymnase and the sominaire, and
onj', died at Amsterdam in tlie beginning conducted the Societu chorale. His freak
of this centurj'. Pianist, pupil of J. Schicht of storing his MS. comjjositious in a sub-
settled, 1787, in Amsterdam, where he es- terranean room of the gymnase, to be pre-
tablished a music trade and taught the served until after his death, cost him the
pianoforte. He appeared successfully in loss of all his works, over 100 in number,
the concerts of the Felix Meritis Society, and consisting of oratorios, cantatas, psalms,
repeatedly conducted there the execution etc., in the conflagration of the gymnase,
of his own compositions. Works Abu June 29, I860.— Futis, Supplement, 476. : i.
Hassan, oder der Ermit von Formentera, HOFFMANN, ERNST (THEODOR

ojoera De deugden bij het kruis van Jesus, AMADEUS), properly,
;
oratorio Cantata on the Resurrection of Ernst Theodor Wil-

;
Christ Die Jagd, allegory for two orches- helm, born at Kiinigs-
;
tras 2 symphonies Overture

; Septet 2 berg, Jan. 24, 1776,
; ; ;
quintets Trios Duos for violins, op. 10

; died in Berlin, Juno
;
;
2 concertos for pianoforte, op. 13 6 sona- 25, 1822. The weU- ;
tas for pianoforte and violin, op. 5, 9 6 known writer of fan- ;
easy do., op. 12; 12 sonatinas for two vio- tastic tales, instructed
lins, op. 11 6 square dances and a minuet in music by the or-
;
with twelve variations, for pianoforte. — Ger- ganist Podbielski. He

ber ; Gregoir ; Viotta. became musical di-
HODGES, EDWARD, born at Bristol, Bamberg in 1808
rector of the theatre at
England, July 20, 1796, died at Clifton, sang in concert and church conducted, ;
Sept. 1, 1867. Organist at Clifton, and of 1813-15, in Dresden and Leipsic. A man
the Churches of St. James and St. Nicholas, of great versatility, he was acquainted with
Bristol obtained the degi'ee of Mus. Doc.
; Beethoven, loved by Weber, and died in
at Cambridge in 1825. In 1838 he went to consequence of his irregular life, deeply re-
America and became organist of St. John's gretted by many friends. Works Operas —
Episcopal Chapel, New
York, in 1839, and Scherz, List und Rache (Goethe), given at
of Trinity Church, ib., in 1846 returned Posen, 1801 Der Renegat, Plozk, East ; ;
to England in 1863. Works Morning and Prussia, 1803; Faustine, ib., 1804; Die :
Evening Service 2 anthems and other uugeladenen Giiste oder der Cauonicus von
; ;
church music. He wrote, Liebe und Eifer-

" Essay on the Mailand, Warsaw, 1805 ;
Cultivation of 1807; Der Trank der Unster-

(New York,
Church Music " sucht, ib.,
1841). blichkeit, Bamberg,

His daughter, Faustina Hasse Hod- 1808 Aurora, ib., ;
ges, organist in Brooklyn, and of two 1811 Undine (his best work, and highly ;
churches in Philadelphia in 1878, has writ- commended by Weber), Berlin, 1816 Ju- ;
ten songs and instrumental pieces. — Grove ;

lius Sabinus (unfinished) Harlekin, bal-
;
Mendel ; Fetis ; do.. Supplement, i. 476. let ; Music to Brentano's Die lustigen Mu-
HOFFMANN
sikanten, Warsaw, I8O0 do. to Werner's and in 1742 chief organist of the IMaria
;
tragedy Das Kreuz an der Ostsce, ib., 1805 Magdalenenkii'che. He composed two pas- ;
do. to Sodeu's nielodramas Dirna, Bamberg, sion-oratorios, 4 complete series of church

1809, and Saul, ib., 1812 Mass for four music for the entire year, 2 series of canta-
;
voices and orchestra Miserere for do. tas for the gi-eat feast days, many detached
; ;
Musica per la cliiesu, overtiu-e for grand pieces for the church, more than 400 seren-
* orchestra, in D mi- ades, concertos, etc. Mendel Fc'tis Ger- — ; ;
ber (1812), ii. 702 ; Schilling.

'^"' '" ^''^'^^ '^'^^^^^^ HOFFMANN, LUDWIG, born in Berlin,
Ja
''^
'
for harp, two Vocal

violins, Oct. 27, 1830, still living, 1889.
viola, and bass 3 sonatas for pianoforte composer, pupil of A. W. Bach and Rung-
; ;
Canzoui per quattro voci di capj)ella Vocal enhagen, at the Royal Academy of Arts, ;
quartet Duets, arias, songs, etc.

; —
Allgem. 1848-1851. Silver medal. From 1853 or-
d. Biog., xii. 575 Allgem. mus. Zeitg. chestra conductor of several provincial thea-
;
Champfleurj", Coutes posthumes d'Hoffmaun tres, he became conductor of the Musikverein

(Paris, 185G) Fr tis Funck, Eriuuerungen and the Liedertafel at Bielefeld in 1858, and
; ;
aus meinem Leben (Leipsic, 183G), i. Hit- was appointed royal director of music in ;
zig, Aus Hoffmann's Leben und Nachlass 18G2 from 18G4 to 1868 be conducted the ;
(Berlin, 1839) Ledebur, Toukiinstler-Lexi- Neustildter Gesangverein at Dresden, then

;
kou Berlins Eochlitz, Filr Freunde der returned to Berlin, where he is professor of
;
Tonkuust, ii. 3 Sowinski. ; vocal music in the Friedrich-Wilhelm Gym-

HOFFxMANN, HEENKICH ANTON, born nasium, and at a young ladies' seminary, and
at Mainz, June 24, 1770, died there, Jan. instructor of musical theory at Schwantzer's
19, 184:2. Violinist, brother of Philipp Institute. Works Das Wirthshaus am :
Karl Hoffmann. He was first a musician Kyifhiiuser, opera, given at Stettin, 1855 ;
in the chapel of the Elector of Mainz then chamber music, and in MS. many sacred ;
first violinist in the National Theatre at coniposition.s. Mendel. —

Frankfort, 1799 director of the Prince
; H0FFM.4.NN, PHILIPP KARL, born at
Primate's court concerts in 1803 director Mainz, March 5, 17G9, died (?). ; Pianist,
and leader of the theatre orchestra, 1817 studied music as an amateur, and while on ;
was pensioned in 1835. Works: String a journey to Frankfort with his brother
quartets ; Violin concertos ; Concertante Heinrich Anton as a child, played duets with
for two violins, and other violin music G Mozart, who recognized his talent. After
;
German Lieder with jjianoforte accom2)ani- his father's death he adopted music as a
meut Vocal music.
; — Fetis ; Mendel ; Schil- profession and taught in Mainz, Offenbach,
ling. and fiually in St. Petersburg, from 1810 to
HOFFMANN, JOHANN GEORG, born 1821, when he returned to Frankfort. An
at Nimptsch, died at attack of paralysis obliging him to give up
Silesia, Oct. 24, 1700,
Breslau, in 1780. by an music, be became known in Europe as a
Organist, taught
organist named Quirl to play on several in- celebrated naturalist and entomologist, and
struments, and made a thorough theoreti- possessed fine collections. His composi-
cal study of music under that master. He tions, chiefly for pianoforte, were published
became second organist at the Elizabeth- in Mainz and Offenbach (1791-1798).
kirche, Breslau, whither he had gone to —Mendel ; Fc-tis ; Schilling.
establish himself as a teacher in 1725 he HOFFMAN, RICHARD, born in Man-
;
became second accompanist at the opera, chester, England, May 24, 1831, still living,
and in 1727 conductor of the orchestra in 1889. Pianist, pupil of his father, and of ;
1737 organist of the Chiirch of St. Barbara, Leopold de Meyer, Pleyel, Moscheles, Ru-
IIOFFMEISTER
and Liszt. In
binstein, DJJhler, Thalberg, tets, 44 96 duos, for flute 42 quar-
tiios, ;
1847 he went to America, and ai^jieared as tets, 18 52 duos for string instru-
trios,
a pianist in New York ments ; 5 quartets with pianoforte 11 ;
during that year in ; trios, do. ; variations, nocturnes, etc., for

18-48 he made a con- various instruments ; a great many works of
cert tour in the Unit- church music, and songs. Mendel — ; Wurz-
ed States with Burke, bach Fctis
; Gerber Schilling
; ; ; Eiehl,
the violinist. He was :Mus. Charakterkiipfe, i. 249.
pianist of the first se- HOFH.AIMER (Hofheymer, Hofhainer,
ries of Jenny Lind PAULUS (Johann
Hoffhaymer), Paul) VON,
concerts in America, born at Eadstadt, in 1459, died at Salzburg
and played a duet *; 'fe?i in 1537. The first great musical genius of
'~~
with Julius Benedict ' * -
Germany, of whom Luscinius says that for
at his first concert in the United States, thirty years he stood prominent as the best
and several times with von Biilow on his musician and composer of the time. He
visit to the United States in 1875. He was organist and composer in the royal
has resided many years in New York as chapel of Vienna under the Emjierors Fried-
a successful teacher of the pianoforte. rich HI. and Maximilian L was also cele- ;
Works La Gazelle, op. 1 Caprice de Con- brated as a lute player. His compositions
: ;
cert, op. 4 Venice, op. 11 Valse d'Adieu, have reached us only in meagre specimens,
; ;
op. 12 Marche Funebre, op. 21 Cradle some of his MSS., preserved in the Vienna
; ;
Song, op. 27 Tarentelle, op. 35 Cascarilla Libraiy, including chorals and lute music.
; ;
(Cuban Dance), op. 43 Haddon Hall in Ye Some of his music was published two years
;
Olden Time, op. 48 Gavotte, op. (58 For- after his death by Petreius, in HarmouicsB
; ;
est Musings, op. 73. Also songs, part- Poeticfe, music to odes of Horace and some
songs, and anthems among them the fol- other poets (Nuremberg, 1539 new ed., by
; ;
lowing Elaine, op. 22 Memory, op. 31

: Achtleitner, 1868). Gerber mentions a col-
; ;
Seasons have passed away, op. 46 II lection of songs for four voices, published ;
m'aime, op. 49 Boat Song, op. 52 Auf in 1548, belonging to the library of Zwick-
; ;
Wiedersehen, oj). 58 Te Deum, op. 62 au, in which are several by Hofhaimer.

; ;
Bonum est, op. 65 By the Waters of Baby- He had many illustrious pupils. Among
;
lon, anthem, op. 66 Stay at Home, my those mentioned by Luscinius were

;
Ar- :
Heart, male quartet, op. 72. gentiu von Bern, Johann Biichner of Con-
HOFFMEISTER (Hofmeister), FRANZ stanz, Conrad of Speier, and Wolfgang of
ANTON, born at Kothenburg on the Neckar Vienna. He was ennobled by the Emperor
in 1754, died in Vienna, Feb. 10, 1812. Maximilian, and received in 1515 the order
Dramatic composer, studied law in Vienna, of the Golden Spur from the King of
whei'e he became Kapellmeister of a church, Hungary. He retired to Salzburg at the
and in 1784 established a book, art, and mu- close of his life, and lived for several years
sic business started the " Bureau de Musi- in close retirement.
;
Allgem. d. Biogr., xii. —
que " at Leipsic (now C. F. Peters) in 1800 569 Ambros, iii. 373 Fi-tis Gerber Men- ;
; ; ; ;
returned to Vienna in 1805, where he gave del Schilling Weitzmauus Geschichte ;

;
himself up to composition. Works 9 : des Clavierspiels, 24.

operas, Telemach, Der erste Kuss, and HOFMANN, HEINRICH (IvARL JO-
others several symphonies, concertos, 350
; HANN), born in Beriin, Jan. 13, 1842, still
pieces for serenades, and other works for living there, 1889. Dramatic composer,
orchestra, and for G and 8 wind instru- pupil at Kullak's Conservatorium of Grell,
ments 30 concertos, IS quintets, 156 quar-
;
Dehn, and Wiierst ; first aj^peai-ed as a
HOFMANN
pianist, but after making liiiusclf a name as 67 ; for pianoforte (4 hands) Drei Genre- :
virtuoso on that instrument, aliaudoued it for bilder, op. 3 ; Fughette, Menuett und Fest-
composition, induced marsch, op. 10 Walzer und Kosakeumarsch, ;
by the success of his op. 13 Italieuische Liebesuovelle, op. ;
tirst opera, Cartouche, 19 ; Sieben Liindler, op. 23 ; Liebe-sfriih-

produced in Berlin in ling, fiiuf Stiicke, op. 29 Drei Charakter- ;
ISGO, and much ap- stiicke, op. 35 Ungarische Tiiuze Silhou- ; ;
plauded afterward in etten aus Ungai'u Norwegische Lieder ;
many German cities und Tiinze ; Neue ungarische Tiinze ; do.,

was followed in Neue Folge Steppeubilder, op. 39 Walzer,
this ; ;
1873 by the Hungar- op. 42a Am Ehein, Skizzen, op. 43 Aus ; ;
ian Suite, played by meinem Tagebuch, op. 46 Aus alter Zeit, 7 ;
all larger orchestras with unusual success, Stiicke Der Trompeter von Siikkiugen, ;
meeting with a brilliant reception also in Sechs Klavierstiicke, op. 52 Zwei Sere- ;
America, and establishing his reputation. naden, op. 54 do., op. 54a Ekkehard, ; ;
Scarcely less significant was the impression Skizzen, op. 57 Singuf, ojj. 58 Drei Inter- ; ;
made by bis Frithjof Symphony in IST-t, mezzi, op. 66 Sechs Charakter.stiicke, op. ;
since when his fame has been steadily grow- 70 Vier Stiicke, oj). 76 Russisehe Lieder ; ;
ing. —
Works Operas Cartouche, comic und Tiinze Waldmiirchen, ein Cyklus, op.
: ;
opera, op. 7, given in Berlin, 1872 Der 79 Drei Sonatiuen in kleiner Form, op. ; ;
Matador, 1872 Armin, op. iO, Dresden, 86 do. (2 hands) Zwei Notturnos, op. 1
; ; :
;
1877 Aennchen von Tharau, oji. 44, Ham- Zwei Walzercapricen, ojj. 2 Capriccio, op.
; ;
burg, 1878; Wilhelm von Oranieu, op. 5G, 5 Fiiuf Charakterstiicke, op. 9 Album- ; ;
ib., 1882 Donna Diana, op. 75, Berlin, bliltter, op. 11; Im Traume, op. 12; Sa-
;
1886. Champagnerlied, for male chorus lonwalzer, oj). 14 Nachkliinge, fiinf Stiicke, ;
and orchestra, op. 17 Nonnengesang, for op. 34 do. 2. Heft, op. 37 Drei Stiicke in
; ; ;
soli, female chorus, and orchestra, op. 21 Tauzform, op. 55 Impromptu, op. 73 ;
;
Das jMiirchen von der schonen 3Ieluxine, for Skizzen, ueuu Klavierstiicke, oj). 77 Etude ;
do. (mixed chorus), op. 30 Aschenbrodel, in E-flat Alt-FrauzOsische Gavotte, Lose

; ;
for do., o\i. 45 Festgesang, for do., o\). Blatter, Fiinf kleiue Stiicke, oj). 85 Stim-
; ;
74 ; Selig sind die Todten, cantata for Alto mungsbilder, op. 88. Vocal : Drei Lieder
solo, chorus, and orchestra, o\). 64 Drei for mixed chorus, op. 8 do., o^j. 47 Salve
; ; ;
Charakterstiicke, for orchestra, op. 15 Regina, and Weihnachtslied Adestefideles,

;
:
Ungarische Suite, for do., op. 16 ; Frithjof, for do., op. 53 Six quartets for male ;
symphony for do., op. 22 ; Schauspiel-Ouver- voices, op. 20 ; Two do., op. 71 ; Vier Miin-
tiire, for do., op. 28 ; Bilder aus Norden, nerchore, op. 87 ; Wie lange noch ?, for
for do. ; 38 Im male chorus
Trauermarsch, for Minnespiel, Walzer for 4
do., op. ; ;
Schlosshof, suite for do., op. 78 Serenade, voices and pianoforte (4 hands), op. 42;
for string orchestra, op. 65 do., op. 72 Sinueu und Minnen, ein Tanzpoem, for
;
;
Concerto for violoncello with orchestra, op. do., op. 68 Lenz und Liebe, for do., op. ;
31 Adagio for violin with do., op. 31a 84 Drei Gesiinge, for 2 Soprani and Alto
; ;
Trio for pianoforte and strings, op. 18 (soli or chorus), with jîanoforte, op. 81
Quartet for do., op. 50 ; Sextet for strings, Four duets, oj). 4 ; do., op. 41 ; Songs, op.
op. 25 ; Ungai-isches Lied, quintet for do. ; 24, 26, 27 ; 32, 33, 36, 49, 51, 59-62, 68,
Octet for do., flute, clarinet, horn, and bas- 82, 83, 89.— Illustr. Zeitg. (1881), i.49 ;
soon, op. 80 ; Komanze, for violoncello with Mus. Courier, No. 12, Sept. 22, 1886 ;
pianoforte, op. 48; Sei'enade, for do., op. Mus. Wochenblatt, vi. 634, 652, 668 ; viii.
63 ; Sonata for violin and pianoforte, op. 4, 34.

HOFMANX
HOFJIANN, KIRL EDUARD, born at and jiianist, member of a musical family,
Diirrbennersdorf, Silcsiii, iu 1797, died in with whom he travelled professionally in
Prague, Nov. 24, Composer, pupil of Europe in
18(j0. 1846. In 1848 he went to Amer-
his father, and in Prague, in 1813, of
To- ica, and after giving concerts in Boston and
niaschek, who recommended him, in 1816, as other cities, settled as a music teacher in
a teacher iu Vienna. He returned to Prague Philadelphia, where he received the degree
in 1820, and taught music there. He ar- of Mus. Doc. In 1860 he returned to
ranged Beethoven's second, third, and fifth Brunswick, and settled at Blankenburg.
symphony for the pianoforte for eight hands, He has composed symphonies, overtures,
and arranged and adapted Mendelssohn's pianoforte and violin concertos, and vocal
and Tomaschek's music, besides arrange- music. Mendel. —
ments from Fidelio, Oberon, Lodoiska, etc. HOL, RICHARD, born in Amsterdam,
He had several well-known pupils, among July 25, 1825, still living at Utrecht, 1889.
them, Pischek, Julius Benoni, and Wilhelm Pianist and organist, pupil of the organist
B. Mayer.— Mendel. Martens, and of Bertelman, then formed
HOFJIANN, MELCHIOR, composer in him.self chiefly on the study of Beethoven's
Leipsic, first half of the 18th century. He works. During the early period of his ar-
studied under Schmid was director
J. C. ; tistic life he appeared now and then in pub-
of nmsic in the Neue Kirche, in 170-4 di- ; lic as a pianist, and in 1845 gave concerts
rector of the Thomasschule and of the abroad, especially in the Rhine provinces.
Opera. He went to Loudon iu 1710, but He then taught music at Amsterdam, and
returned to Leijjsic in 1712. He composed was made director of the Choral Society
the operas Acontius und Cydippe, and
: Amstels Mannenkoor iu 1856, of the Society
Rhea Sylvia, Hamburg, 1720 and left Encouragement of Music, iu 1857,
; for the
church and vocal music iu MS. Mendel —
and succeeded Kuflferath in 1862 as city mu-
;
Gerber Schilling.
; sic director at Utrecht, where he became also
HOHE LIED SALOMONIS, DAS (The organist of the cathedi-al iu 1869, and di-
Song of Solomon), oratorio, by Carl Loewe, I'ector of the music school in 1875. Iu the
written between 1848 and 1860. same year he was appointed president of
HOHLFELD, OTTO, born at Zeulenroda, the newly created Nederlandsche Toonkun-
Saxony, March 10, 1854, still living, 1889. stenaars Vei'eenigiug. He ranks among the
Violin virtuoso, first Dutch composers, and is distin-
instructed by the can- foremost
tor SoUe, and at the seminary in Greiz by guished as a musical conductor and teacher,
the cantor Urban and director Regener and as a writer on music. Orders of the
;
then at the Conservatorium in Dresden Oaken Crown, and of the Golden Lion of
(1872-75), pupil of Lauterbach on the violin, Nassau OfScer of the French Academy, ;
and of Rietz and Kretschmer. After play- 1878, and member of several learued and art
ing for a short time in the royal orchestra societies. Works for orchestra 2 Sym- — :
at Dresden, he was appointed Conzert- phonies, in C minor, and D minor, op. 44

meister at the court theatre in Darmstadt Erkliirung, Couzertstiick, op. 51 Kapell- ;
in 1876, and has thence made several suc- meister Wohlklang, overture Feestouver- ;
cessful concert tours. Works String ture iu E-flat Concert overture in C minor
: ; ;
quartet, op. 1 Zigeunerkliinge, for piano- Gaudeamus igitur en Natiouale feestraarsch,

;
forte, op. 2 ; Elogie, for trombone with or- overture. Mi.Ked chorus with orchestra
gan, op. 3 ; fik'gie, for violin, op. 4 ; Songs, The 23d psalm ; Derblinde Konig (Uliland),
op. 5. — Mendel, Ergiinz., 159 Riemann.

; op. 39 Heiligerlee, cantata, op. 68
;
De ;
HOHNSTOCK, KARL, born at Bnins- Miegende Hollander, op. 70 Leidensglorie ; ;
wick, in 1828, still living, 1889. Violinist David, concert drama, op. 81 De Balling ;
IIOLBERGIANA
op Zee (with pianoforte), op. 46. Male nms Anthems 3 sets of glees Canons, ; ; ;
chorus with orchestra Leidens ontzet, op. songs, pianoforte jneces, including arrange-
:
32 Bede, op. 18 Krijgslied, op. 37 Vou- ments of many of Handel's choruses.

; ; ;
del, op. -18 Vrede, op. G3 In' t woud, op.

;
Grove Fetis Hawkins, Hist., iv. 541
;
— ; ;
86. Male chorus, with instruments Hol- Buruey, iv. 3. :
lands glorie (with brass), op. 24 De Oran- HOLLAND, JOH.ANfN DAVID, born at
;
jevaan (do.), op. 55 Vondel gekrooud (with Herzberg, Hanover, in 1746, died (?).
;
Di-
pianoforte) ;Two masses, with organ, op. rector of music in St. Catherine's, Hamburg.
28 and 33 Laudate Dominum, op. 65 Works Die Auferstehuug Christi, oratorio,
;
:
Het graf onder den meidoorn, with soprano Hamburg, 1780 Entr'acte to Hamlet, ib., ;
solo. Male chorus a cappella Drie vier- 1790 Several collections of songs, and jn-
: ;
stemmige koren, op. 8 Opwaarts, op. 10 anoforte pieces. Fetis Gerber Mendel.
; ;
— ; ;
Drie mannenkoren, op. 22 Twee gezangen, HOLLANDER, ALEXIS, born atRatibor,

;
op. 34 ; De kabels los, op. 38 Kaadgeving, Silesia, Feb. 25, 1840, still living, 1889.
;
op. 41 De rots in zee, op. 49 Zwei Ge- Pianist, jûpil of Karl Schnabel and Adolf
; ;
siinge, op. 52 Een lied van Nederland, op. Hesse in Breslau, where he already con-
;
57 Eene kerk, ojj. 58 Leveusvreugd, op. 69 ducted a singing society formed bj' the
; ; ;
Drie toasteu Hj-mne aan den vrede, op. 76 scholars of the gymnasium from 1858 to
; ; ;
Vrijheids hymne, op. 90 and many others. 1861 he studied at the Royal Academy in
;
Female chorus with accomjjaniment Drei Berlin under Grell and A. W. Bach, and :
Gesiinge, op. 26 Morgengesang, for contral- jsrivately under H. BOhmer in 1861 he be-
; ;
to and chorus De vier jaargetijden, op. 54 came instructor at Kullak's Academy, and
; ;
De avondstond, op. 02; Kerstcantate Schep- in 1864 conductor of the Ciicilienvereiu. ;
pingslied, ojj. 79 Zomerbloemeu, op. 87. Works Quintet for jiianoforte and strings,
; :
Sacred songs, with organ, and many songs. pianoforte pieces, songs, and choruses.
Fc-tis, Supplement, i. 479 Gregoir Viotta. Mendel Eiemann.
; ; — ;
HOLBERGIANA, suite for orchestra, by HOLLANDER (Clnistiaan Jans, called),

Niels Wilhelm Gade, written for the bicen- CHRISTIAAN DE, born probably at Dord-
tenary festival of Ludwig Holberg (1684- recht, Holland, about 1520, died, j^robably
1754), the founder of Danish literature, first at Munich, about 1575. Contrapuntist, be-
given at Copenhagen, Dec. 3, 1884. Pub- came Kajjelmeester at Oudenarde in 1549 ;
lished by Breitkopf »t Hiirtel (Leipsic, 1884). entered in 1556 the service of the Em-
HOLDE GATTIN (Graceful consort), duet peror Ferdinand L, after whose death, in
for soprano and bass (Eva, Adam) in E-flat 1564, he remained with Maximilian H.
major, in Haydn's Die Schdpfung, Vaxi HI. Works Cantiones variic, 4 to 8 voices, etc. :
HOLDER,' JOSEPH WILLIAM, born at (Munich, 1570) Neue teutsche geistliche ;
Clerkenwell, Lon- und weltliche Liedlein, for do. (ib., 1570) ;
don, in 1764, died Triciniorum, quie tum vivie vocis, etc. (ib.,
in Loudon 1573) Neue auserlesene teutsche Liedei-,
in ;
1832. Organist for 5 and more voices (Nuremberg, 1575) ;
and vocal com- Motets for 4-8 voices, in various collections.

poser, pupil of — Futis ; Viotta.
Nares. Assistant HOLLANDRE, CHARLES F^LIX DE,
of St. born in the province of Hainault, in the
organist
George - the -Mar- Netherlands, about the end of the 17th cen-
tyr, organist of St. tury, died at Oudenarde, April 23, 1750.
Mary's, Bungay, then at Chelmsford. Mus. Chui-ch composer. Studied music at Mons,
Bac, Oxford, 1792. Works: Mass Te De- where he was a choir boy in the Church of ;
HOLLY
St. Elizabeth, then was a pupil of the or- in London.— Grove ; Mendel ; Futis, Sup-
ganist Plouvier at the Abbey of Cambron in ; l^lement, i. 480.
173-t he became Kapelmeester of the Church HOLLIES, AUGUSTA, bom in Ireland
of St. Walburga, Oudenarde, where his about 1850, still living, 1889. Pianist, liv-
works are preserved in MS. Among them ing in Paris, where she has often played
are 11 masses, 1 Requiem, 1 Te Deum, 12 at concerts. The Sociute Philharmonique
Salve Regina, 12 Alma Redemj)toris, 6 Ave produced her psalm. In exitu, in 1873, and
Regina, 7 Regina Coeli. A complete list is her Andante pastoral was played at the
to be found in the Annales quoted below. Chatelet Concerts in 1877. She has pub-
— Annales de la Societe des Beaux-Arts lished songs under the pseudonym Her-
de Gand, vi. 114 Van der Straeten, i.
; mann Zenta. Other works Hero et :
205. Lcandre, opera, given at the Theatre du '
HOLLY, FRANZ ANDREAS, bom at Chatelet, 1874 Astarte, Lancelot du Lac, ;
BOhmisch-Luba in 1747, died at Breslau, operas (MS.) Ireland, Poland, symphonies ;
May 4, 1783. Pianist, organist, and dra- for orchestra. —Fetis, Supplement, ii. 1 ;
matic composer, pupil of the Jesuit College, Mendel, Ergiinz., 160.

Prague. He entered the Franciscan Order HOLMES, HENRY, born in London,
as a novice, but left that body in order to Nov. 7, 1839, still -,
follow the musical j^rofession. He was di- living, 1889. Viohn-

rector of music Kotzentheater in ist, brother of Alfred
at the
Prague until 1769, at Koch's Theatre in Ber- Holmes, with whom
lin until 1775, and then at Wiiser's in Bres- he travelled until
lau. He composed a when he went
great deal of music for 1865,
the theatres with which he was connected, Copenhagen and to
notably the operettas Der Bassa von Tunis, Stockholm, and then
Die Jagd, Das Giirtnermiidchen, Der Zau- settled in London.
berer. Das Gespenst, Gelegenheit macht Works 4 sj-mpho- :
Diebe, Das Opfer der Treue, Der Patriot nies, No. 1, in A,

auf dem Lande, Der Terapel des Sehicksals, given in London, Feb. 24, 1872 2 canta- ;
and several others. Fotis "Wurzbach. — tas. Praise Y'ê the Lord, and Christmas
;
;
HOKMES, ALFRED, born iu London, Violin concerto, London, Dec. 11, 1875 ;
Nov. 9, 1837, died in Paris, March 4, 1876. Violin solos Concert overture 2 quintets ; ;
Violinist, pupil of his father, who was self- for stringed instruments Songs. Grove ; — ;
taught played in public first with his Fetis, Supplement, i. 480 Mendel, Ergiinz.,
; ;
brother Henry, at the Haymarket Theatre, 160.

July 13, 1847 visited Brussels in 1855,
; H0L:\LES, WILLLVM henry, bom in
Leipsic, Cassel, and other German cities in Sudbury, England, Jan. 8, 1812, died in
1856-57 then spent two years in Sweden, London, April 23, 1885. Piani.st, pupil at
;
and played in Copenhagen in 1860, and in the Royal Academy of Music won two ;
Amsterdam in 1861. In 1864 he settled in medals, and in 1826 became sub-pi'ofessor

Paris, whence he travelled in Russia, Bel- of the pianoforte there. Later he became
gium, Holland, and Germany in 1867. full professor and principal. He made his
Works Inez de Castro, opera, given in debut as a pianist at the Philharmonic So-
:
Paris, about 1875. Symphonies Jeanne ciety's Concerts in 1851, and played in con-
:
d'Arc, St. Petersburg, 1868 The Youth of certs as late as 1876. He was the instructor
;
Shakspere Robin Hood The Siege of of Steradale Bennett, the two Jlacfiu-rena,
; ;
Paris ; Charles XE. ; Romeo and Juliet. and of J. W. Davison. Works The Elfin :
Overtures : The Cid, and The Muses, given of the Lake, opera ; Symphonies Con- ;
liOLSTEIN
certos and sonatas for pianoforte ; Songs. '
HOLTEN, KAIiL VOX, born in Ham-

—Grove. j
burg, July 20, 1836, still living, 1889. Pi-
HOLSTEIN, FRANZ (FRIEDRICH) anist, inipil of Jacques Scbmitt, Avo-Lalle-
VON, bornatBruns- meut, and Grildener, and, 185-i-5G, at the
wick, Feb. IG, 182G, ,
Cousorvatorium, Leipsic, of Moscbeles,
died in Leipsic, May Plaidy, and Rietz. Since 1871: instructor
Dramatic at tLe Conservatorium in Hamburg. He
22, 1878. ]
composer s o n of lias composed a Ivindersympbonie, a cou-

; i
an officer of bigb certo for pianoforte, a trio, a sonata for

,
rank, be entered tbe violin, pianoforte pieces, and songs.

, Men- —
army by bis parents' del Ricniaun. I ;
desire, and secretly HOLY, HOLY, HOLY See neiliy, bei-

|
!
stadied music under lig, beilig. ,
Karl Ricbter. As a HOLYOKE, SAMUEL, born at Boxford,

[
j'oung lieutenant be brougbt out, in a pri- Mas.sacbusetts, in 1771, died at Concord,'

,
vate circle, bis first opera, Zwei Niicbte in New Hampsbire, in 181G. A graduate of
Venedig (1845), and after tbe campaign in Dartmoutb College, be devoted bimself to
,
Scbleswig-Holsteiu comijosed a grand opera, music, of wbicb be became a noted teacber.

Waverley, in five acts, wbicb be sent to Mo- He was one of tbe earliest American com-
ritz Hauptmann at Leipsic, and was encour- posers and reformers of cburcb music, and
:
aged by bim to adojit music as a profes- was among tbe first to discard fugued tunes,
!
sion. He resigned from tbe army in 1853, as being unsuited to public worsbip. His
and became a pupil of Hauptmann in Leip- tune Arnbeim is still sung. Works Har- :
sic, wbere also be studied at tbe Conser- monia Americana (Boston, 1791) Tbe In- ;
vatorium, tbe pianoforte under Wenzel, strumental Assistant (vol. i. 1806, vol. ii.
Plaidy, and Moscbeles, tbeory and compo- 1807, Exeter, N. H.) Tbe Columbian Re- ;
sition under Ricbter and Rietz. He tben pository of Sacred Harmony (Exeter, N. H.,
travelled, was in Rome in 185G, Berlin, 1809) Tbe Massacbusetts Compiler (witb ;
1858, Paris, 1859, and finally settled in Leip- Oliver Holden and Hans Gram, 1795).
sic, wbere be devoted bimself to composi- HOLZBAUER, IGX.YZ, born in Vienna
tion, poetrj', and drawing. He always wrote in 1711, died at Mannbeim, April 7, 1783.
bis own librettos. "Works— Operas Der Dramatic composer, cbieflj- self-taugbt by
:
Haidescbacbt, given at Dresden, 18G9 Der study of Fux's Gradus ad Parnassum.

;
Erbe von Morley, comic opera, Leipsic, After a sbort visit to Venice, and baving
1872 Die Hocbliinder, Mannbeim, 1876 obtained bis father's consent to embrace
;
;
Lorelei, Frau Aventiure, overtures Bea- music as a profession, be became Kapell-

;
trice, scene for soprano solo witb orcbestra meister to Count Rottal, in Moravia, and
;
in 1745 at the court theatre

in Vienna. In 174:7-50 he
^^^^^^^^ made a concert tour through
Italy with his wife, who was
a good singer tben became ;
Kapellmeister to the Duke of

Trio for pianoforte and strings, and other Wiirtemberg at Stuttgart, and in 1753 to
|
chamber nuisic Choruses for mixed and tbe Elector Palatine at Mannheim.
; He
male voices; Song.s.— Allgem. d. Biogr., visited Italy again in 175G (Rome), 1757
,
xiii. 1 Illustr. Zeitg. (1878), ii. 249

; Mus. (Turin), and 1759 (Milan), to bring out
; 1
Wochenblatt, i. 261, 280. several operas. He is reckoned among

1
IIOLZBOGEX
the few learned and tliorouglily informed
after a concert tour through Germany, went
musicians, and was highly esteemed as a to Paris in 1838, and sang at the theatre in
—
composer bj' Mozart. Works Operas II Zurich in 1838-10. Returning then to Vi- :
figlio delle selve, given at Schwetzingen, enna, he became once more a member of
1753 ; Issipile, Mannheim, 1753 ; L' Isola the imperial opera, until some liberty he
disabitata, pastorale, ib., 175-t Don Chi- took with the text of his part at a per-
;
sciotto, do., ib., 1755 ; Nilleti, Turin, 1757; formance of Marschner's Templer und Ju-
Jlesmmiro nell' Indie, Milan, 1759 IpjDO- ; din, led to his abrupt dismissal in 1861.
lito ed Arricia, Mannheim, 17G8 Adriano ; After this he gave concerts in Paris, Lon-
in Siria, ib., 1772 Giinther von Sehwarz- ; don, etc., and in 1870 visited America. In
burg, ib., 177G Der Tod der Dido, melo-
; 1874: he reappeared for a short time at the
drama, ib., 1779 La clemema di Tito, ib.,
; comic opera in Vienna. He wrote popular
1780 Le nozze d' Arianna e di Bacco, Vi-
; songs, some sacred melodies, and piano-
enna, 1781 Tancredi, Munich, 1782 Ora-
; ; forte pieces. — Mendel, v.256 Wurzbach. ;
torios : Isacco ; La Betulia liberata La ; HOLZHAUER, DER (The Wood-cutter),

morte di Gesii ; La Giuditta II giudizio
Sing.spiel, by Georg ; Benda, first repre-
di Salomone 26 masses with orchestra
; sented in Gotha, and in Berlin in 1771. ;
37 motets, do. 196 symj)honies, and 13

; HOLZL, FRANZ SE\^RIN, born at
concertos for various instruments 18 quar- l\Ialaczka, Huugarj', March 14, 1808, died
;
tets for strings, etc. —

Allgem. d. Biogr., xiii. at Fiinfkirchen, ib., Aug. 18, 1884. Church
26 Fetis
; Gerber Musikaliseho Corres- composer, pupil in Vienna of Erasmus
; ;
pondenz, Oct., 1790, 107, 132 SchiUing Kessler and of Seyffried. In 1827-30 he
;
Wurzbach. was professor of thorough-bass at the Mu-

HOLZBOGEN, JOSEPH, died in Mu- sikverein of St. Anna, then for a year in
nich in 1779. Violinist in the court or- Poland, and after his return became very
chestra at Munich about the middle of the popular as a teacher. In 1841 he went as
18th century. He was sent to Italy by Duke director of the Musikverein to Innsbruck,
Clement in 1753, to complete his musical where he actively promoted musical life,
education under Tartini, and returned to and in 1843 became Kapellmeister of the
his former position at Munich in 17G2. cathedral at Fiinfkirchen, Hungary. For
His compositions, consisting of violin his grand mass in D, dedicated to the Em-
concertos, trios, and quartets for wind peror of Austria in 1852, he received the
instruments, and church music, remain in gold medal for art and science. Works:
manuscript. — Mendel ; Ft'tis ; Gerber; Die Colonna, romantic opera (1847) Noah, ;
Schilling. oratorio, performed in Vienna, 1844 6 ;
HOLZDIEB, DER (The Wood Stealer), solemn masses 17 short do. 4 vocal do.
; ;
German comic opera, text by Friedrich for male voices 6 do. for mixed voices
; 1 ;
Kind, music by Heinrich Marschner, repre- Grand Requiem for male voices and or-
sented in Dresden, March 22, 1825. AU- chestra 5 short Requiems 3 Te Deums — ; ; ;
gemeine musikalische Zeitung (1825), 87. 13 Graduals 16 oft'ertories 6 Tantum ; ;
HOLZEL, GUSTAV, born in Pesth, ergo ; 2 Veni sancte spiritus Ecce sacer-
; 1
Sept. 2, 1813, died in Vienna, March
14 Vesper psalms 3, dos ; ; 5 Vesper hymns ;
1883. The son of the director of the the- Ave maris stella, for soprano, with viola,
atre, he made his dobut as a singer at violoncello, and organ 2 concert over- ;
Oedenburg, Hungary, in 1829. He sang tures for orchestra Symphony for do. 7 ; ;
in Gratz in 1830 and 1832, at the imperial string quartets 3 quintets 2 sonatas for ; ;
opera in Vienna in 1833-37, at the Ki'mig- pianoforte and violin Choruses for male ;
stiidter Theater in Berlin in 1837-38, and. voices Songs. Monatsschrift f. Theat^ u. ; —

HOME
Mus. (1855), 2G4 N. Wiener Mus. ;
Zeitg. '
tata ; Motets for all the Sundays and Feast
(1844), 44 'Wurzbach.
;
clays of the year ; 32 motets for 1 ami 2
HOME, SWEET HOME, melody in the choirs, without orchestra ; Six German airs,
ojjera of Clari, or the Maid of Milan, by with pianoforte Choralbuch

(Leipsic, 17G8) ;
Henry Rowley Bishop, first reijresented at i

in 1G7 Choriileu Choralbuch der zu Dres-
;
Coveut Gai-deu Theatre, London, May 8, |

den gewOhnlicheu Kii-cheumeloilien Six ;
1823. It is called a /^
P0 ^~) \
A^ a
"SicUianair'-intho^^y^^^
published music, but yi ^y "^J^Ji^ÂO^^^^^Tî^^^^^
it may have originated
with Bishop. It is best known through its trios for the organ ; 22 choral melodies,
adaptation to the words by John Howard varied and fugued. Most of these are in
Paine. the royal library at Berlin, and some in the
HOMEYER, JOSEPH MARIA, born at archives of the Kreuzchor at Dresden. — Fu-
Liiderode, in the Hartz, Sept. 18, 1814, tis ; Gerber ; Schilling ; 'Winterfeld, iii. 434.
still living, 1889. Virtuoso on the organ, HOMMAGE A HJ5NDEL, duo for two
became maestro di cappella to the Duke of pianofortes by Ignaz Moscheles, op. 92,
Lucca and afterwards organist at Du-
; written for Cramer's concert in Loudon,
derstadt, Hanover. He composed sym- and first performed there by the composer
phonies, organ and vocal music, and wrote and Cramer in 1822. Performed by Men-
a meritorious work, entitled Cantus Gre- delssohn and Ferdinand Hiller in Leipsic,
gorianus. His nephew and pupil, Paul Jan. IG, 1840.
Homeyer (born at Osterode, Oct. 20, 1853), HOMME ARM15, L' (Lomearme, Lomme
is also an eminent j)layer, organist at the armi'), an old French chanson the melody
Gewandhaus, and instructor at the Con- of which was adopted by the composers of
servatorium, Leijisic. Mendel. — the IStli and IGth centuries as the Cantus
HOMILIUS, GOTTFRIED AUGUST, firmus of a Mass called the Missa I'homme
born at Rosenthal, arme. The origin of the song is not known.
Saxony, Feb. On its theme, the melody of which is sim-
2, 1714, died in ple and unpretending, many masses were
Dresden, June 1, written by eminent composers. Among
178 5. Organist those who treated it are : Guillaurae Dufay,
and church com- Antoine Busnois, Regis, Firmin Carou, Jo-
poser, p u J) i 1 of hannes Tinctoris, Philippon de Bourges,
Bach, became or- Vincent Faugues, Orto, Vaqueras, Louis
ganist at the Frau- Compere, Antoine Brumel, Josquin Des-
enkirche in Dres- pres, Pierre de la Rue, Mathieu Pipelare,
den in 1742, can- Cristofauo Morales, Palestrina, and Caris-
tor at the Kreuz- simi. Josquin's two masses on the subject
schule and director of music in the three are preserved in Petrucei (lib. i., Venice,
principal churches in 1755. He was one of 1502 lib. ii., ib., 1503). Palestrina's Missa ;
the most eminent organists and church com- I'homme armo, for five voices, is so con-
posers of the 18th century. Works Pas- structed that it may be sung in triple or in
:
sions-Cantate (1775) Die Freude der Hii-- common time, the first edition (1570) giving
;
ten liber die Geburt Jesu, a Christmas ora- it in the former and the second (Venice,
torio (1777) Passion Cantata (No. 2)
;
1599) in the latter. Carissimi's 12-voice
;
Cantata for Pentecost, with orchestra do. mass on the subject, probably the last one
;
for Ascension Risuonate, cari boschi, can- ever WTitten, is in the Pontifical ChapeL
;
no^ôRio
The title L'homme armu
given also to a 1772 Cupid's Revenge, 1772 Apollo and
is ; ;
French dance tune of the loth or Ifith cen- Daphne, 1773 The Lady of the Manor, ;
tuiy, the melody of which is wholly differ- 1778 Too civil by half, 1783 The Double; ;
ent from that in the masses. —

Grove, ii. 126. Disguise, 1784 The Fair Penivian, 1786 ;
;
HONORIO, ROMOALDO, com- Jack of Newbury, 1795 Diamond cut Dia-

Italian ;
poser living in the middle of the 17th mond, 1797 Wihnore Castle, 1800 Sol- ; ;
century. He was a Camaldulian monk. dier's Return, 1805 Tekeli, 1808 Catch ; ;
Walther mentions masses and other church him who can, 1806 Music Mad, 1807 The ; ;
music by him, and one of his motets is found Fortress, 1807 The Siege of St. Quentin, ;
in the collection by Ambrosius Profe (Leip- 1808 Killing no Murder, and Safe and;
sic, 1G41-4G).— Fetis Mendel. ; Sound, 1809 The Country Wake Blanche ; ;
HONOUR AND ARMS, bass aria of Ha- and Edgar Coralie The Pledge The ; ; ;
rajjha, in B-flat major, with accompaniment Cryer of Vauxhall Love and Virtue The ; ;
of violins in unison, and continue, in Han- Wedding. The Ascension, oratorio, 1776 ;
del's Samson, Act H., Scene 4. Sonatas for pianoforte Concertos for or- ;
HONOUR AND JOY TO THE TRUE gan Rondos and transcriptions 2,000 ; ;
AND THE BRAVE. See Oheron. catches, songs, and cantatas.

i
Nearly all
HOOD, HELEN (FRANCIS), born, of his works have passed from memory, and
American parents, in Chelsea, Mass., June he is known only by a few songs, of which
28, 18G3, still living, 1889. Studied harmony Within a mile o' Edinboro' Town, and Sweet
!
and composition under J. C. D. Parker, Lass of Richmond Hill, were among the most
John K
Paine, and G. W. Chadwick, and popular.— Grove Mendel Fetis. ; ;
pianoforte under B. J. Lang. She is now HOPE ARLA See Fidelio.

studying in Berlin, under Philipp Schar- HOPFE, (HEINRICH) JULIUS, bom at
wenka and others. Works Songs, some Schlos.s-Heldrungen, Thuringia, Jan. 18,
:
published by xVrthur P. Schmidt & Co. (Bos- 1817, stiU living, 1889. Destined for the
ton), others in 51S. Part-songs Chamber church, he studied music while at the
; ;
music for strings in MS. Gymnasium of Eisleben under Karnstedt

HOOK, JA:MES, bora at Norwich, Eug- and the organist Giiuthersberg, and from
{
land, in 1746, died , -. 1840 pupil of A. W. Bach and Rungenha-

at Boulogne, gen, while at the University of Berlin, where
France, in 182 7. he afterwards settled to teach the piano-
Organist, pupil of forte and harmony, and conducted several
Garland, organist of instrumental musical societies. Works :
Norwich Cathedral; Die Auferweckung des Lazarus, oratorio

settled in London, (1850) ; Church cantatas ; Symphonies ;
where he was mu- Overtures Quintet for strings Trio and

; ;
s i ca 1 director at other chamber music Pianoforte pieces ;
Marj-lebone Gar- and songs. He published a Choralbuch,

dens in 1769-73, at and 2 Pianoforte methods. — Mendel.
Vauxhall Gardens in 1774-1820, and many HOPFFER, (LUDWIG) BERNHARD,
yeai-s organist at St. John's, Horsleydown. born in Berlin, Aug. 7, 1840, died at Nie-
He was the father of James Hook, Dean of derwald, near RUdesheim, .\ug. 21, 1877.
Worcester and writer on ecclesiastical sub- Dramatic composer pupil at Kullak's acad-
;
jects,and of Theodore Edward Hook, the emy (1857-60) of Kullak on the pianoforte,
noted journalist, novelist, and wit. Works Wohlers and Espeuhahn on the violoncello,
Operas Dido, 1771: The Divorce, 1781 and of Dehn and Wiierst in theory and com-
; ;
Trick upon Trick, 1772; TL Dilettante, position. He travelled in Southern Ger-

HOPKINS
many, Switzeilaml, .ami Italy in 1872-75. Blind, Upper Norwood, London. Works :
Works : Fritlijof, opera, given in Berlin, Morning and Evening service in F do. in ;
1871 ; Barbarossa, Festspiel, ib., 1871 Sa- ; A do. in B-llat Morning service in C
; ;
;
kuutala Der Student von Prag, comic op-

;
Te Deum in Aflat Anthems Madrigals, ; ;
era; Phai-ao, for soli, cboinis, and orches- songs, and organ compositions. His brother
tra Darthulas Grabgesang, for do. The
;
;
John (born, 1822), organist of Rochester
23d Psalm, for do. Symphonies, overtures, ;
Cathedral since 1856, has composed an-
chamber music, and songs. Fetis, Supple- — thems, organ music, and songs.
ment, ii. 3 ;
Mendel. HOPKINS, JOHN L.iRKIN, born at
HOPKINS, (EDWARD) JEROME, born Westminster, Loudon, in 1820, died at
in Burlington, Ver- Veutnor, Isle of Wight, April 25, 1873.
mont, April 4, 183G, Organist, cousin of jsreceding, was a chor-
still living, 18 89.
Westminster Abbey, and became
ister in
The son of John oi'ganist of Rochester Cathedral in 1841, of
Henry Hopkins, Trinity College, Cambridge, and the Uni-
Bishop of Vermont, versity, in 1856. Mus. Bac, Cambridge,
he was a student at 1842 Mus. Doc, ib., 1867. Works Ser- ';
:
the University of vices in C and E-flat Te Deum in G An- ; ;
Vermont and after- thems 5 glees and a madrigal Songs and ; ;
wards studied chem- part-songs.

'
istry at the New York Medical College. He HOPPNER, KARL :\L\.GNUS, born at
is self-taught in music, has been editor of Heida, near Riesa, Saxony, Aug. 6, 1837,
several music publications, and was the still living, in Dresden, 1889. Organist,
founder in 1861 of the Orpheon Free pupil of Friedrich Wiock, Chai-les Mayer,
Schools in New York. Works Samuel, Julius Otto, aud Johann Schneider. Works
: :
cantata for children, 1877 Dumb Love, Overture, Dresden, 1864 Sonatas for pi-
; ;
operetta for do., 1878; Taffy and old anoforte Organ music, mostly iu JIS. ;
Munch, do. ; Festival Vespers, for boy choir, —Mendel.

2 chorus choirs, 1 echo choir, soli, 2 organs, HORACES, LES (The Horatii), lyric
and harp obligato, 1876-77 ; Andante gra- tragedy in three acts, text by Guillard after
zioso in G, Adagio cantabile in D, Allegro Corneille, music by Salieri, represented at
moderato and other
in A, Siciliano in G, tlie Acadi'mie Royale de Musique, Paris,
pianoforte music Songs. ; Dec. 7, 1786. Same text,music by Porta,
HOPKINS, EDWARD JOHN, born at Opera, Paris, Oct. 18, 1800.— Lajarte, i.
Westminster, London, 353 ; ii. 18.
June 30, 1818, still liv- HORAK, V.VCL.W EMANUEL, born at
ing, 1889. Organist, Mscheno-Lobes, Bohemia, Jan. 1, 1800, died
pupil of T. F. Walmis- in Prague, Sept. 4, 1871. Organist, church
ley,became organist of composer, aud writer on music, pupil of
Mitcham Church, 1834, Josef Schubert was a good organist at the
;
of St. Peter's, Isling- age of twelve. He entered the Gymnasium

ton, 1838,ofSt.Luke'.s, Prague iu 1813, and while there s.ang in at
London, 1841, and of the choirs and played the organ in different
Temple Church, ib., / churches, at the same time studying com-
''
1843. Mus. Doc, Cam- position and theory from the works of Tiirk,
bridge, 1882; do.. Vogler, Albrechtsberger, aud C'herubini.
Trinity College, Toronto, 1886. Professor He became a favourite teacher, and in 1833
of organ at Royal Normal College for the organist of the Theiukirche, iu 1836 choir-
HORCn
director of the Church of Maria-Schnee, in
torio, renamed Satan, in London in 1845 '
1853 of the Adalbertskirche, and iu 1859 he became musical director of the Princess's
again at the Theinkirche. In Bohemia he Theatre, returned to America in 18-47
was considered one of the most steriing and and in 1847-48 conducted the Handel and
productive church composers of modern Haydn Society, Boston. Works Operas
times. Works 11 masses, and a Requiem
:
^
The Magic Bride, London, 1810 Tricks ;
for voices and orchestra, besides two masses upon Travellers, 1810 The Bee Hive 1811 ;
•
and two Requiems for voices only; Te The Boarding House, 1811 Rich and Poor ;
Deum, graduals, offertories, etc. He pub- 1812 ; Tlie

Devil's Bridge, 1812 Godol- ;
lished a work on harmony (Leipsic, 1846). phin, Lion of the North, 1813 The
the ;
— Heiudl, Gallerie der beriihmten Piidago- \

Ninth Statue, 1814 The Woodman's Hut, ;
gen, etc. (Munich, 1859), i. 294 ; Mendel ;

'
1814 Charles the Bold, 1815 The Persian
; ;
Wurzbach. I
Hunters, 1817 The Election, 1817 The
;
;
HORCH, LTEBCHEN, HORCH ! See Wizard, 1817 Dirce, 1821 Philandering,

; ;
SIradi-lla. 1824 The Death Fetch, 1826 PeveHl

;
;
HORE, ISRAEL, aria for soprano, in B ,

of the Peak, 1826 Pay to my order, 1827
;
;
minor, in Mendelssohn's Ellas, No. 21. Honest Frauds, 1830 Lalla Rookh, given ;
HORN, AUGUST, born at Freiberg, Sax- at Dublin about 1820 Annette, given in ;
ony, Sept. 1, 1825, still living, 1889. Com- , London Nourjahad M. P. Oratorios The
; ; :
looser, iûpil at the Leii)sic Conservatorium ; :

Remission of Sin, and Daniel's Prediction ;
has lived in Leipsic with the exception of j

Christmas Bells, cantata Set of canzonets, ;
the years 1862-68, which he passed in Dres- Songs for The Men-y Wives of Windsor,
den. He has made a name by his clever 1823 Many songs, ballads, and glees. Of
;
arrangements of symphonies, operas, etc., his songs. Cherry Rifie, I know a bank, and
for the pianoforte for four and eight hands, j
I've been roaming, still survive. Grove — ;
and for two iîauofortes ; he composed also i Fetis do., Suppk'ment,

; ii. 4 Ireland, ;
overtures for orchestra, pianoforte pieces Records of the New York Stage, 542.
and songs, and an Die Nachbarn,
0]}eva, : HORN, HEINRICH, born of German
— Mendel;
[
given at Leipsic, 1875. Riemann. parentage in Paris, 1789, died (?). Vir-
HORN, CHARLES EDWARD (Karl tuoso on the harp, pupil of J. B. Mayer in !
Eduard), born at St. Martin's-in-the-Fields, London, whither he went at the age of ten,
London, June 21, 1786, died in Boston, and where he began to appear in concerts
Mass., Oct. 1, 1849. Dramatic composer, in 1805. From 1808 he studied under
son and pupil of Karl Friedrich Horn Jean Elouis, with whom he travelled for
(1762-1830) taught singing by Rauzzini. four years in Scotland and Ireland, and then
;
He appeared as a singer in English opera settled in London, to teach his instrument.

in 1809, and the following year composed Works 15 airs and preludes for the harp :
;
and produced an opera. The Magic Bride Many rondos, variations, etc., for do.
; ;
studied singing under Thomas Welsh and Method for do. Fetis Mendel. — ;
reappeared in 1814, when his connection HORN, JOHANN KASP.A.R, (German

with the theatres as composer and singer jurist, and amateur composer, living in
lasted many years. In 1833 he went to Dresden in 1664-81. He composed several
America, introduced several English operas instrumental and vocal works, in collections
at the Park Theatre, New York, and after- which appeared iu five separate parts, pub-
wards became an importer and publisher of lished under the title of Parergon musicum
music. During his stay he gave also an (Leipsic, 1664). Other similar collections,
oratorio. The Remission of Sin. He republished in 1G77, contained counintes,
tui-ued to England iu 1843, gave his ora- 1 allemandes, etc., for five instruments. Ho
IIOEX
published also Arias and Canzouotti, with matic composer, pupil at the Conscrvato-
uccompaniiiieiit of five violins or flutes and rium of Leipsic in 1850. Lived in Southern
basso contiuuo (Frankfort, KiTS). — Men- Germany and Switzerland. He was ap-
del ; Gerber ; Schilling ;
Fetis ;
Walthcr. pointed professor at the Conservatorium of
HORN, KARL FRIEURICH, born at Munich in 1873. He has composed oi)cr-
Nordhausen, Saxony, April 13, 17G2, died ettas and ballets, which were successfully
at Windsor, England, Aug. 5, 1830. Or- produced at the court theatres of Stuttgart
ganist, pupil of Schroter at Nordhausen and Munich, and has jiublished pianoforte
;
went when twenty years old to London, music and songs. Mendel. —
where ho gave lessons and became music- HORR, PETER, born at Kleinsteinheim,
master in ordinary to Queen Charlotte and near Hauau, July 13, 1800, died (?). Pi-
the princesses, which position he held until anist, pupil of VoUweiler at Ofteubacli set- ;
1811. In 1823 he succeeded William Sex- tled at Frankfort in 1828, and has comjjosed
ton as organist of St. George's Chapel, very useful instructive works for pianoforte ;
Windsor. Works 6 sonatas for pianoforte, published a jjractical method for do., which
:
violin, and bass 12 sonatas for pianoforte became widely known, and arranged many
;
and flute 12 military divertimentos 12 classical works very skilfully for pianoforte,
; ;
themes with variations for pianoforte, vio- four hands. Mendel. —

lin, and violoncello. He was author of a HORSLEY, CHARLES EDWARD, born
Treatise on Thorough-Bass, and with Sam- in London, Dec. 15, 1821, died in New
uel Wesley edited an English edition of York, March 2, 187G. Pianist, son and pu-
Sebastian Bach's Wohltemperirte Clavier pil of Dr. W'illiam Horsley studied the ;
(London, 1810).— Mendel Grove Fetis. ; 2)ianoforte under Moscheles, and by Men-
;
HORNEMAN, EML
CHRISTIAN, born delssohn's advice went to Cassel to study
in Copenhagen, Dec. under Hiuiptmann he lived afterwards in ;
17, 1841, still living, Leipsic and enjoyed the friendship and in-
1889. Son and pupil struction of Mendelssohn. On his return
of Johan Ole Emil to England he became organist of St.
Horneman, and pupil John's, Notting Hill, and produced several
at the Leipsic Couser- oratorios, David, Joseph, Gideon, in the
vatorium in 1857-GO. .succeeding years, besides an anthem for the
He has been, since consecration of Fairtield Church, Liverpool
1879, head of a Con- (1854) music for Milton's Comus, many
;
servatory of Music in pieces for pianoforte, songs, etc. In 18G8

Copenhagen. Works he went to Australia, where he wrote an ode,
:
Aladin, overture for orchestra Heldenleben, Euterpe, for soli, chorus, and orchestra,
;
do. ;CajDrices for pianoforte Miniatur- which was given at the opening of the Town
;
Bilder for do., op. 20 Songs, etc. ; Hall, Melbourne, in 1870. Soon afterwards
HORNEMAN, JOHAN OLE EMIL, born he removed to the United States. Grove — ;
at Copenhagen, 1809, died there, 29, Fetis May

do., Supplement, ii. 4 ;
Riemann ; ;
1870. Vocal composer, whose songs be- Mendel.

came extremely popular in Denmark. His HORSLEY, W7LLIAM, born in London,
Tappere Landsoldat acquired the impor- Nov. 15, 1774, died there, June 12, 1858.
tance of a national melody in the ScLleswig- He was articled, when sixteen, to Theodore
Holstein campaign of 1864, and was widely Smith, pianist became organist of Ely ;
known even abroad. Chapel, Holborn, and later assistant organist

HORNSTEIN, ROBERT VON, born in to Dr. Callcott at the Asylum for Female
Stuttgart in 1833, still living, 1889. Dra- Orphans. In 1800 he graduated Mus. Bac.
HORSLEY
at Oxford, in 1802 succeeded Callcott as organist, then in Vienna pupil of Moschelea
organist at the Asylum, and in 1812 be- on the 2)ianoforte, and of Emanuel FiJrster
came organist also iu thorough-bass and harmony first ap- ;
at Belgrave Chapel, peared in public in 1819. He settled iu

Halkiu Street, Gros- \ lenna and devoted himself to composition.
V e n o r Place. In Works : Grand concerto for pianoforte
1837 he was chosen Music for Raupaeh's drama, Der Miiller und
organist of the stm Kind, and for Grillparzer's Des Meeres
Charter House, still und der Liebe Wellen Masses Fantasias ; ;
retaining his other on operas, and other music for pianoforte.

positions.Mendels- —Mendel ; Wurzbach ; Fetis ; Schilling.
sohn began in 1829 HORZIZKY, FRANCISCUS, born in
a friendship with the 1756, died in Berlin, Oct. 25, 1805. Dra-
family, which be- matic composer, private secretary in 1780-
came intimate and lasting. Works : "When 95, to Prince Heinrich of Prussia, at Rheins-
Israel came out of Egypt, anthem, written berg, for whose private theatre he com-
about 1800 ; 5 collections of Glees ; Collec- lôsed the following French operas Titus, :
tion of 40 Canons ; Collection of Psalm 1781 ; Les Peruviens, 1782 Pertharite, ;
Tunes with Interludes, 1828 ; Sonatas and 1783 ; Soliman, 1785 ; Antigone, 1787 ;
other pieces for the jjiauoforte ; Many Le maitre de

single Oreste, 1789 ; Le serrurier,
glees. By Mine be the cot, musique, Anacreon, 1791 Le jugement de
Celia's arbour. ;
O Nightingale, etc. He was author of An Paris, Olympic, 1792 Pagamin de Mo-

" ;
Explanation of the Major and Minor Scales." negue, 1793 Alexandre, Alzire, 1794. Fe- ; —
— Grove, i. 753 Moore, 439; Mendel, v. tis Gerber. ; ;
30G Fetis, iv. 370.

; HOSA, THO:\L\S, born at Melnik, Bo-
HORTA Y LLEOPART, i\:jÂSTASIO, hemia, in the first half of the 18th century,
born the second half of the 18th cen- died at Brussels, May 16, 1786.
in Vii-tuoso
tury, died at Bai-celona, Spain, Feb. 12, on the born with his brother Georg, who ;
1843. Organist, puiîl of Jose Maseras, was equally proficient, he made extensive
and in composition of Andrevi and Queralt concert tours, on which they acquired fame
was organist successively of several churches and a considerable fortune. At Brussels
at Barcelona, and famous for his talent of they entered the service of Duke Charles
improvising. He composed for the organ of Lorraine. He composed several con-
and for the voice with organ accompani- certos and duos for his instrument. Georg
—
ment. Fetis, Supplement, ii. 4. (died in Brussels, 1766) left no composi-
HORTENSE (Eug.'uie de Beauharnais), tions. — Wurzbach.
Queen of Holland, Duchess of Saint-Leu, HOTELLERIE PORTUG.\ISE, L', ope-
born in Paris, April died at Viry, ra comique iu one act, text by Saint-Aignan,
10, 1783,
Oct. 5, 1837. Vocal composer, pupil of music by Cherubini, represented at the The-
Plantade ; her romance Partant
pour la atre Feydeau, Paris, July 25, 1798. It is
SjT-ie came vogue about 1810, and has
into Cherubini's 117th opera, and is chiefly re-
! ''
been very popular iu France since 1852. membered for the trio, " Que faire, o ciel
A collection of her melodies and romances The overture is gay, but not one of hia
was published in Paris, 1856. Fetis. — best. The introduction is written some-
HORZALKA, JOHANN EVANGELIST, what iu the style of Spohr. Published by
born at Triesch, Moravia, Dec. G, 1798, Breitkopf & Hiirtel.
died at Penziug, near Vienna, Sept. 9, 1860. HOTTETERRE (Hoteterre, HauteteiTe),

Pianist, first instructed by his father, an LOUIS, called Le Romain, from having lived
liOVÊX
in Rome, the best flute plaj-er of the close Overture to Burg Thaya, for full orchestra ;
of the 17tb and the beginning of the 18th Festlied, for solo, chorus, and orchestra,
centuries. The son of Henri Hotteterre Vienna, 1843 Chor der Wafl'enschmiede, ;
(died, 1G83), a wind-instrument maker, he for do. 2 masses, besides graduals and ;
became a member of the king's band, and oflertories Quartet for strings Sonatas, ; ;
served as first flute at the courts of Louis dances, marches, variations, etc., for piano-
XIV. and Louis XV. He composed a great forte 15 four-part songs for male voices,
;
deal for his instrument, and wrote several op. 20, 45, 49 ; Duets, op. 12, 13, 29,
theoretical works, principally interesting 53 ; Balladen, Romanzen, Lieder, etc., op.
now as history of music in
part of the 6, 7, 8, 10, 11, 14-18, 21-28, 30-44, 4G-48,
France. His " Principes de la fli'ite," etc. 51, 52, 54-57,Die Heimkehr (on 28 jsoems
(Paris, 1G99), and " L'art de preluder sur from Heine's Reisebilder), and others with-
la fliUe," etc. (ib., 1712), passed through out ojjus number. Album zum Besten —
several editions. His brother Nicolas (died nothleidender Kiinstler, etc. (Vienna, 1851),
in Paris, 1G'.)5), was bassoonist of the royal 13G ; Gassner, Univ. Lex. der Tonkiinst,
orchestra in IfiGS, and one of the twelve 8GG ; Hanslick, Gesch. d. Cone, in Wien,
oboists of the Grande Ecurie. He left in 3G7, 379 ; N. fr. Presse, Oct. 30, Nov. 27,
MS. a book of dance music in six parts. 1883 Sonntagsbliitter (Vienna, 1843), G69 ;
— Fetis Mendel Gerber Riemanu.

; ; (1846), 1224 (1847), Beilage, 450
; Wiener ;
HOVEN, JOHANN (pseudonym of Bar- Allgem. Theat. Zeitg. (1851), 841 Wurz- ;
on Vesque von Piittliugen), born at Castle bach Johann Vesque von Piittlingen (J. Ho- ;
Opole, GaHcia, July 23, 1803, died in Vi- ven), Eine Lebensskizze, etc. (Vienna, 1887).
enna, Oct. 29, 1883. Dramatic composer, HOWARD, SAMUEL, born in London
pupil in Vienna of Leidesdorf, Moscheles, in 1710, died there, July 13, 1782. He was
and Worzischek on the pianoforte, of Vogel chorister of the Chapel Royal, and studied
and Ciccimara in singing, and of Sechter under Pepusch organist of St. Clement ;
in composition. He was intimate with Danes and St. Bride's, Fleet Street Mus. ;
Schubert, greatly influenced musical life in Doc, Cambridge, 17G9. Works Music for :
Vienna, where he conducted the music fes- the Amorous Goddess, or Hai-lequin Mar-
tivals in the imperial winter Manege, and ried, opera, Drury Lane, 1744 Cantatas ; ;
took active part in the reorganization of Sonatas and concertos This is the day, an- ;
the Gesellschaffe der Musikfreunde, threat- them (published, 1792), and other anthems.
ened with dissolution by the disorders of Many of his songs are in contemporary col-
1848. He became its vice-president, and lections. The psalm tunes Howard and St.
director of the Couservatorium founded by Bride's are bj' him. — Grove.
it. His songs, especially those on Heine's HOW BEAUTIFUL ARE THE FEET,
poems, rank very highly, and were com- aria for soprano, in G minor, with accom-
mended by such men as Schumann, Berlioz, paniment of violins in unison, and continuo,
Ambro.s, and Hanslick. Grand gold medal in Handel's The Mesdah, No. 3G.
of Austria for art and science, besides other HOWGILL, WILLIAM, English organ-
Austrian and foreign decorations. "Works ist of the 18th century. He was organist
— Operas Elena, ossia la donna del lago,
: at Whitehaven in 1794, and afterwards in
given in Vienna, 1830 Turandot, ib., 1838
;
; Loudon. He published organ voluntaries,
Johanna d'Arc, ib., 1840 Liebeszauber, ib., ; psalms, and ajithems. Grove Fetis. — ;
1845 Eiu Abenteuer Karls H., ib., 1850

;
;
HOW LOVELY ARE THE MESSEN-
Der oder die GERS, see Wie lieblich sind die Boten.
lustige Rath, Lips Tullian,
Ente, both in Weimar, 1852-5G (under HOYLAND, JOHN, born in Sheffield,
Liszt's direction) Burg Thaya, not given England, in 1783, died at Louth, Lincoln-
;
;
HOYOUL
shire, Jan. 18, 1827. Organist, piiîil of quently of the Concerts de Paris, where he
William Mather, organist of St. James's succeeded Musard tils. He became director
Chui'ch, ShefiSekl, whom he succeeded in at the Alcazar, finally at tlie Bouftes Parisiens,
1808. In 1818 he removed to Louth, where and Folies-Bergere. Works: Le tour de
he became organist of the parish church. moulinet, operetta, Bouftes Parisiens, 1874 ;
He composed anthems and other sacred La belle Lina, opera-bouft'e, Athenc-e, 1875 ;
music, besides songs and pianoforte music. Les deux loups de mer, saynete (interlude),
— Grove ; Fetis. Casino d'Enghien, 1876 Rien qu'un jour, ;
HOYOUL, BAUDOUIN, born at Braine-

- comique, opera
Fantaisies Parisiennes,
le-Comte, Belgium, about 1-540. Contra- Brussels, 1876 Un amour dans le dos, ;
puntist, was in the service of the Duke of Heloise et Abeilai'd, Ravigore et CoUodium,
Wilrtemberg. He published a book of mo- Prisonnier par amour, Une fausse Gelatine,
tets (Nuremberg, 1587), in which he desig- Les giignotteuses, etc., operettas played
nates the place of his birth. — Fetis
Mendel, at divers cafes-concerts Airs for the vaude-
; ;
Ergiinz., 162 ; Gerber. ville Les femmes qui font des scenes Ro- ;
HRABE, JOSEPH, born at Bubeusch, mances and chansonnettes. Fetis, Sui)plc'- —

near Prague, in 1816, died at Prague, ilarch ment, ii. 5.
19, 1870. Virtuoso on the double-bass, pu- HUBENE, LOUIS, born at Brages, con-
pU of Hause at the Consei-vatorium, Prague, temporary. Dramatic composer, pupil of
where he was appointed professor of his in- Berget, his uncle, who had studied under
strument in 1815, only two years after hav- Cherubini. He became communal bell-
ing completed his studies. He educated a player and organist of one of the principal
large number of eminent pu2:)ils, and com- churches in his native city. Besides church
posed concertos, variations, fantasias, etc., music and many pianoforte pieces, he has
besides excellent methods and etudes for composed the Flemish operas Baudewj'n :
his instiiiment. Mendel. — van Constantinoplen, given at Bruges, 1853 ;
HRAZEK, Pater IRENAUS, born at Willem Beukels Bertha of maed en Hel-

;
Schan, Bohemia, in 1725, died at Kenkers, —

dendaed. Fetis, Supplement, ii. 5.
ib., April 13, 1777. Virtuoso on the viola HUBER, FELIX, born at Berne, Feb.
d' aniore ; studied in Prague. He entered 23, 1810, still living, 1889. Vocal composer,
the Johannesorden, travelled through Ger- published a collection of the mountain songs
many and Italy as its inspector, and played of Switzerland, 6 Schweizer-Lieder Lieder ;
in concerts for its benefit. His sonatas for fiir eidgemjssische Ki'ieger Lieder fiir
;
the viola d' amore were much prized by ama- Schweizcr Juuglinge, etc. (Berne). Fetis. —
teurs of that class of music. — Ft-tis. HUBER, HANS, born at SchOnewerd,
H:6dIALY, ADALBERT, born at Pilsen, Switzerland, June 28, 1852, still living, 1889,
Bohemia, July 30, 1812, still living, 1889. at Basel. Dramatic composer, pupil at the
Violinist, became con-
pupil of Mildner, Leipsic Conservatorium, 1870-7-4, of Richtcr,
ductor of the orchestra at Gothenburg in Reinecke, and Wenzel taught music pri-
;
1861, at the National Theatre in Prague in vately for two years at Wesserling, then at
1868, at the German theatre there in 1873, the Music School in Thann, Alsace, and later
and Bukowina, in 1875.
at Czeruowitz, His at the Music School of Basel. Works Pan- :
opera, The Enchimted Prince (1871), is a dora, cantata for soli, chorus, and orchestra,
standard piece in the reisertory of the Na- op. 66 ;AussOhnung, do. for male chorus
tional Theatre, Prague. Riemann. — and orchestra ; Lustspiel-Ouvertiire, op. 50 ;
HUBANS, CHARLES, born in France Tell Symphonic, op.

63 Sommernachte, ;
about 1820, still Uving, 1889. Oboist, chef serenade, op. 87 Rinnischer Karnev;vl, for ;
d'orchestre of the Cirque d'Hiver, subse- orchestra Concerto for pianoforte, op. 36
; ;
IIUBER
do. for violin, op. 40 Trios, op. 30, 05 ; ;
Macrlant's zang, for male chorus
Serenade, ;
Trio-Pliautasie, op. 84 Suite for pianoforte ;

chorus for chil-
s'avonds als ik slapen ga ;
and violin, op. 82 do. for pianoforte and

;
dren's voices Suite for orchestra Concerto ; ;
violoncello, op. 8'.) for pianoforte

Sonatas for violin, op.
;
Songs. Fetis, Supplement, ; —
18, 42, 67 Sonata for violoncello, op. 33
;
ii. 6 Gregoir, Documents, i. 42 Viotta.
; ; ;
Sonatas and suites for 2 and 4 bands, HUCBALD (Hugbaldus, Ubaldus, Uchu-
fugues, etc., for pianoforte Songs and cho- baldus), born about 840, died at Saint-
;
ruses. In manuscript Florestan, fairy oj)- Amand, June 25 or Oct. 21, 930, or June 20,
:
era 3 string quartets Das woliltemperirte 932.

; ; He studied music at the monastery of
Klavier, for 4 liands, etc. — Rieniann. Saint-.\mand, near Touruaj-, with his uncle
HUBEU, JOSEl'H, born at Sigmaringen, Milo, who became jealous of his musical
April 17, 1837, died at Stuttgart, April 23, ability and drove him away. He retired to
188G. Dramatic composer, pupil at Stern's Nevers, where he opened a school and
Gauz taught music studied at Saint-Germain
Conservatoriuiu in Berlin of Leopold ;
on tbe violin, harmony and d'Auxerre about 860 succeeded his uncle at
and of Marx in ;
composition later pupil of Eduard Singer Saint-Amandin 872; and having educated ini-
;
and Peter Cornelius in Weimar. He be- pils capable of replacing him, went to Saint-
came a violinist in the orchestra of the Bertin in 883, to direct a similar school.
Prince of Hechiugeii at Lowenberg, and in Called to establish again the old church
18G4 was made Couzertmeister of the Eu- schools at Rheims about 893, he returned to
terpe orchestra, Leijjsic, whence he went Saint-Amand in 900, and never again left
Royal orches-
to Stuttgart as violinist in the His work on harmony is remarkable as
it.
tra in 18G5. Besides two operas, Die Rose being the earliest in which rules are illus-
von Libanon, 1870, and Irene, he comiô.sed trated by practical examples. Works Liber :
four symphonies, in one movement, many Ubaldi peritissimi musici de harmonica in-
songs, and instrumental music. Mendel —
stitutione Alia musica Hucbaldi Monachi ; ;
Riemann. Elnonensis Musica Enchiriadis. Ambros, —

HUBER, KARL, born at Varjas, Hun- ii. 122 Fctis Gerber Mendel Schilling. ; ; ; ;
gary, July 1, 1828, died at Pesth, Dec. 20, HUGH-CASS, French dramatic ,
1885. Dramatic composer, and violinist, composer, contemporary. He was chef

professor of violin at the Conservatorium d'orchestre of the Casino at Marseilles in
and Kapellmeister at the National Theatre 1856, and of the theatre at Toulon in 1874.
in Pesth. —
Works Operas Szekler Girls, Works La croix de Jeannette, opt'ra-co-
: :
1858 Jolly Fellows

; The King's Kiss, mi<[ue, given at Marseilles, Grand Theatre,
;
1875. —
Riemann. 1865 La ronde de nuit, operetta, ib.. Alca-
;
HUBERTI, GUSTAVE LTilON, born in zar, 1872 Le legataire de Grenade, lyrical ;
Brussels, April 14, 1843, still living, 1889. drama, Toulon, 1874 Une revue a Tre- ;
Pupil at the Brussels Conservatoire, where pigny-les-Oursins, saynete burlesque. Fc- —

he won the second prize, 1863, for his can- tis. Supplement, ii. 8.
tata Paul et Vii-ginie, and the Grand Prix HUGOT, A., surnamed le Jeune, born in
de Rome, 1865, for his cantata La fille de Paris in 1761, died there, Sept. 18, 1803.
Jephte. Since then his compositions have Flute player, pupil of Atys. He was first
been purely Flemish in character, as he is flute at the Theatre des Bouffons Italiens in
one of the upholdei-s of the modern Flem- 1789, afterwards of the Opera Comique, at
ish school. Works De laatste Zonnestral, the Feydeau, and professor at the Conserva-
:
Flemish oratorio Willein van Oranje's toire at its formation. He was distinguished
;
dood, cantata for chorus, baritone solo, and by his finished flute playing at the Concerts
orchestra In de gaarde, Couzertstiick
; Feydeau iu 1796-97. Commissioned by
;
HUGUENOTS
tlieConservatoire to prepare a method for Catholic. Raoul consents but, recogniz- ;
the flute, ho died before the work was fin- ing Valentine as one whom he had rescued
ished it was completed on his plan by Wiin- from insult, and whom he believes to love
;
derlich, and was published in their joint another, rejects her, and is challenged by
names as "
Methode de fltlte adoptee, etc., Saint-Bris. Valentine is then commanded
par le Conservatoire de Musique " (Paris, to man-y the Comte de Nevers. While in
1804). It was translated into German, and the chapel at prayer she overhears the plot
has been published also in short abridge- to assassinate Raoul, and tells Marcel, who,
ments in Leipsic, Bonn, Mainz, and Vienna. with a band of Huguenots, rescues his mas-
"Works G concertos for flute 6 trios for 2 ter. The combat about to follow is sup-
: ;
flutes and bass, op. 6 6 duos for flutes, op. pressed by JIarguerite.
; Raoul discovers
1 ; do., op. 2 do., op. 4
; do., op. 7
; do., that Valentine loves him, and before her
;
op. 9 ; 24 duos faciles 6 sonatas for flute

; marriage seeks a last interview, which is
;
do. for flute and bass, op. 12 Variations interrupted by the entrance of De Nevers,
;
for flute, op. 5. —

Fetis Mendel.
; Saint-Bris, and other Catholic noblemen.
HUGUENOTS, LES, grand opera in five Valentine hides Raoul behind the tapestries,
acts, text by Scribe and Emile Deschamps, where he hears the plan for the slaughter
music by Meyerbeer, first represented at of the Huguenots on St. Bartholomew's
the Academic Koyale de Musique, Paris, Eve, and witnesses the blessing of the
Feb. 20, 183G. The action takes place in swords. Raoul joins his party and, during
1572, in Toui-aine and Paris. The first act the festivities given at the marriage of Jlar-
guerite with the King
of Navarre, warns his
friends. He then
goes to a chapel to
which the Huguenots have fled, and finds
Marcel, who has been wounded. Valentine
joins him, and they are united by Marcel.
After singing the trio, "Savez-vous qu'en
joignant vos mains dans les tc'ni'bres," they
chant Lutheran hymn, " Ein' feste
the
Burg," which has alreadj* been heard in the
opera, and perish in the massacre. The
fourth act is Meyerbeer's most dramat-
ic composition. At first it closed with the
Benediction des poignards, " A cette cause
sainte,"but at the suggestion of Nourrit,
Meyerbeer added the duet between Raoul
and Valentine, " Oil je vais ? se- . . . .
courir mes freres" ; "Tu I'as dit, oui tu

m'aimes," which forms a striking contrast.
begins with a chorus of revellers, " Bonhenr, At this climax the opera is sometimes
de la table," in the salon of the Comte de brought to a close. Among the best num-
Nevers, among whom are the Huguenots bers are The romance, " Plus blanche que
:
Raoul de Nangis and his servant Marcel. la blanche hermine," accompanied by the
A page, Urbain, enters, sent by Marguerite \'iola d'amore; the page's cavatina, "Nobles
de Valois, to invite Raoul to her chateau, seigneurs, salut!" the aria, "O beau pays ;
where, to reconcile the two religious fac- de la Tourainc " the duet, "Boaute divine,
;
tions, she offers him the hand of Valentine, enchanteresse " and the duct of Marcel and
;
daughter of the Comte de Saint-Bris, a Valentine, " Dans la nuit oti seul je veille."
UULDIGUNGS-MARSCIl
This is the most poinilar of ISIeyerbeer's among which are : A Scherzo for the piano-
three greatest works. Up by Czerny, op. 407 (Bi-eitkopf &
to Dec. 31, 187G, forte,
this opera had receiveil (520 representations Hiirtel, Leipsic, 183G) and a Transcrii^tion, ;
iu Paris. The Bourbons prohibited its per- Fantaisie dramatique, for the pianoforte, by
formance on account of the plot. Original Liszt, op. 83 (Hofmeister, Leipsic, 1880).
cast: Schumann Huguenots iutenselj-,
disliked the
and published a criticism in the Neue Zeit-
ÎHe Falcon.
Valentine
IMarguerite Mme Dorus-Gras.
schrift (1837), No. 19. —
Liszt, Gesamm.
Schr., ii. G4 Lajarte, ii. 152
; Clement et ;
Urbain Mile Flecheus.

Larousse, 347 Hanslick, Moderue Ojjer,
;
Raoul M. Ad. Nourrit.
143 Athenseum (1848), 731 Allgem. mu,s.
; ;
Marcel ^l- Levasseur.

Zeitung, xsxviii. 195, 249 ; xxxix., 259 ; xl.,
Le comte de Nevers M. Derivis.
208 ; Upton, Standard Operas, 138.
Le comte de Saiut-Bris M. Serda.
mJLDIGUNGS-MARSCH (March of
Performed in Leipsic, April 9, 1837 in Homage), by Wiigner, written in 18G4,
;
Dresden, March 23, 1838 and in Berlin, for the coronation of Ludwig II. of Bavaria,
;
May 20, 184:'2, Mme

Schroder-Devrient ap- published iu 18G9. The original score for
pearing in each For the military band remains in JIS. The pub-
jjlace as Valentine.
latter representation Meyerbeer condensed lished version for orchestra was begun by
the ojiera into four acts. After hearing this Wagner and the scoring finished by Raft".
performance, King Friedrich Wilhelm IV. Liszt also wrote a march under this title iu
apijointed Meyerbeer General IMusic Di- 1853, for the accession of Duke Cai'l of Saxe-
rector of Berlin. First represented in Lou- Weimar.
don by a German opera company in 1842 HULLAH, JOHN (PYKE), born at Wor-
;
in Italian, as Gli Ugonotti, at Covent Gar- cester, England, June 27, 1812, died in
den, July 20, 18i8, for which Meyerbeer London, Feb. 21, 1884. Vocal composer,
adaj)ted the score, transposed the part of pupil in 1829 of William Horsley, and at
the page for Mile Alboui, and wrote an ad- the Royal Academy of Music in 1832 of
ditional cavatiua for her. The cast was Crivelli iu singing.
: In 1841 he opened a
school at Exeter Hall for the instruction of
Valentine Mme Viardot. Sunday schools
teachers of day and in vocal
Marguerite Mme Castellan.
music, by a system based on that of Wil-
Urbain IMlle Alboni.
hem iu Paris, and so great was its .success
Raoul Sig. Mario.
that, from 1840 to 1860, about 25,000 per-
Marcel Sig. Mariui.
sons passed through his classes. A series
Le comte de Nevers Sig. Tagliafico.
of concerts in which his more advanced
Le comte de Saint-Bris Sig. Tamburini.
pupils appeared was given by him in St.
First given in New York, June 24, 1850, with Martin's Hall, from 1850 to 18G0. He was
Steffanone as Valentine, Bosio as Margue- appointed professor of vocal music iu
rite, and Salvi as Raoul. Performed in Ger- King's College, London, in 1844 resigned ;
man Opera House, New

at the Metropolitan in 1874, but held similar appointments iu
York, Nov. 28, 1888, with Frau Moran- Queen's College and Bedford College, Lon-
Olden as Valentine. The score was pub- don, in 1879 conductor of concerts at
;
lished by Brandus (Paris), and Breitkopf Roj'al Academy of Music in 1870-73 or- ;
& Hiirtel (Leipsic) ; with pianoforte ar- ganist of the Charter House in 1858 con- ;
rangement by Ch. Schwencke (Schlesinger, ducted concerts of the children of the met-
Paris). Many pot-jiourris and arrangements ropolitan schools at the Crystal Palace for
of airs from this work have been made. many years ajipointed inspector of train- ;
nULLMAXDEL
iug schools for the United Kingdom in a prize. His duet. Come again, his trio,
1872. Keceived degi-ee of LL.D. from Uni- Tell me where my Love reposes, and his
versity of Edinburgh in 187G was made glees, The Sun Dial, and Hasten Soft Breeze,
;
member of the Society of 8t. Cecilia in were popular. He wrote also anthems, and
Rome, and of the Musical Academy in Flor- psalm and hymn tunes, and published The
ence in 1877. Works— Operettas The English Hymn Tune Book, arranged for
:
Village Coquettes (words by Charles Dick- four voices (Edinburgh, n. d.). Brown. —
ens), given in London, 188() The Barbers HTOIE, WILLIAJI, born in Edinbm-gh,
;
of Bassora, ib., 1837 The Outpost, ib., Sept. 25, 1830, still living, 1889. Son and
;
1838 Motets, anthems, concerted vocal mu- pupil of Alexander Hume teacher of mu-
;
;
sic, and many songs, among which ai'e Three sic, editor of several musical publications,
Fishers, The Storm, and O that we two and musical critic of " The Baillie," Glas-
were Maying. Grove —
Mendel, Ergilnz., gow. Works The Call to Battle, cantata,
; :
163 Fctis, Suppk'ment, ii. 8 liiemaun.

; text by Mrs. Hemans Bartimeus, do. for
;
;
HULLMAXDEL, NICOLAUS JOSEPH, baritone solo and chorus ; Psalm G7, for
born Strasburg in 1751, died in Loudon treble voices.
in Once more a Welcome to
in 1823. Studied first in the cathedral of the Woods, Caller Herrin, The Woodpecker,
his native town, and then in Hamburg Good morrow to the hills again, and other
under Philipp Emanuel Bach. He travelled part-songs, songs, and glees. Brown. —
through Italy in 1775, and went in 177G to HUjMFREY (Humphrey, Humphrys),
Paris, where he became celebrated as a PELHAM, born in London in 1G47, died at
teacher was in London in 1787, and soon
; Windsor, July 14, 1G74. a He became
after married returned to Paris, and gave
; chorister of the re-established Chapel Royal
up professional life but in 1790 he was a
; in 16G0 was sent abroad to study by
;
refugee in London and again gave lessons. Charles H. in 1GG4, and was in Paris un-
He returned to France, but lived in retire- der Lulli was appointed Gentleman of the
;
ment. His published works consist of So- Chapel Royal in IGGG ; made iMaster of the
natas for jnauoforte, and for pianoforte and Children in the Chapel Royal in 1G72, and
violin and violoncello ; variations, etc. later in the same j'ear was appointed com-
— Mendel ; Fetis ; Schilling, Weitzmann, jjoser in ordinary for the violins to His Ma-
Ge.schichte des Clavierspiels, 53. jesty in conjunction with Thomas Purcell.
HULLWECK, FERDINAND, born at Works : Anthems ; Evening Service in E
Dessau, Oct. 8, 1824, still living, in Dres- minor Songs 2 odes for the King's Birth-
; ;
den, 1889. Violinist, pupil of Friedrich day. — Grove Fetis Barrett, English Church
; ;
Schneider ; became second Conzertmeister Composers, 92 Harmonicon (1832), 2G3. ;
of the ro}'al orchestra in Dresden in 1844, HUMilEL, EDUARD, born iu Vienna in

where he is also professor at the Conserva- 1814, still living, 1889. Pianist, son and
torium. Has published maiulj' instructive pupil of Johanu Nepomuk Hummel, and
compositions for his instrument. would have become better known if his
HUME, ALEXANDER, born in Edin- father's fame had not overshadowed him.
burgh, Feb. 17, 1811, died in Glasgow, He visited England in 1840 was Kapell- ;
Feb. 4, 1859. Self-taught, a teacher in meister of the theatre at Augsburg, 1840, at

Edinburgh and Glasgow, and composer of Troppau, Silesia, 1872, later at Briinu, Mo-
many popular songs. Among his best are ravia, and 1874 at the comic opera in \i-
Afton Water, The Scottish Emigrant's Fare- enna. He is now living iu Briinn. He
well, and My aiu dear Nell, to the last of brought out a romantic opera, Alor, oder
which he wrote also the words. In 1854 die Ilunnen vor Magdeburg, Weimai", 1843.
his madrigal. Round a circle, was awarded —Mendel FOtis. ;
HUMMEL
HUMMEL, FERDINAND, born who took him into
iu Ber- years the pupil of Mozart,
lin, Sept. G, 1855, still livinj^, 1889. In 1788 he accompanied his
Virtu- his house.
oso on the harp, first instructed by his father on a seven years' professional tour as
father, who made him
proficient on that in- pianist through Germany, Denmark, Eng-
strument at the age of seven, and travelled land, and Holland, returning to Vienna iu
with him through Europe in 1864-67 then ; 1795, when he began studying strict coun-
pupil in composition at KuUak's academy, terpoint under Albrechtsberger, and profited
1868-71, and until 1875 at the royal school by the advice of Haydn and Salieri in free
for music, of Kiel and Bargiel. Works composition. From April 1, 1804, to ]May,
Symphony Overture for do., 1811, he filled Haydn's old post as Kapell-
for orchestra ;
op. 17 Conzert-Phantasie for harp and meister to Prince Eszterhazy, from which
;
orchestra Quartet for pianoforte and jjeriod date most of his dramatic and church
;
strings ; Wald- works. He taught and composed in Vienna

Miircheubilder, op. 10, and
leben, op. 11 and 31, Phantasiestiicke for from 1811 to 1816, when he became Kapell-
violoncello and pianoforte Notturno for meister at Stuttgart in 1820 he went to fill
; ;
violoncello, harp, and harmonium 3 so- the same post at Weimar, and held it until
;
natas for violoncello, op. 2, 9, 12 Sonata his death. But he obtained fre(juent and
;
for horn Conzertstiick for pianoforte, op. extended leaves of absence, and made many
;
1 ; Suite for do. 2 concert polonaises, and professional tours to St. Petersburg in 1822
; :
many other works for do. Rumpelstilzchen, with the grand Duchess Maria Paulovna,
;
Fran Holle, Hansel und Gretel, for female in 1825 to Paris where he was made Che-
chorus and solo. Riemann. — valier of the Legion of Honour, in 1826 to
HUMMEL, JOH.INN BERNHARD, born Belgium and Holland, in 1827 to Vienna,
in Berlin in 1760, died (?). Pianist, music in 1828 to Warsaw, and in 1829 again to
teacher in Warsaw in 1797 returned to France, appearing everywhere with trium-
;
Berlin on the death of his father, Johann phant success. In 1830 and 1833 he made
Julius Hummel, and succeeded him in his trips to England, conducting a season of
music publishing business. Works Sona- opera in London. During the last four :
tas for pianoforte do. for pianoforte and years of his life his health was much im-
;
violin Variations
; Song.s, etc. Fetis
;
—
paired, and he could devote but little time;
Gerber Schilling.
; to i^rofessioual duties. He died of dropsy
HUMJIEL, JOHANN NEPOMUK, born of the pericardium. Hummel rejn-eseuts,
in Presburg, Nov. in the historj' of pianoforte writing and inlay-
14, 1778, died in ing, the transition from the classic school of •
Weimar, Oct. 17, Mozart and Haydn to the modern romantic

1837. Pianist, son school. His works are distinguished for
and pupil of Joseph formal beautj', excellence of construction,
Hummel, music and brilliancy of ornament, if also for a cer-
master at the Mili- tain academic dryness. He was consider-
tary School at ably overrated during his lifetime, being at
Wartberg (whither one time looked upon in Vienna as the equal
the family moved of Beethoven. His one work which still re-
about 1780), in sing- tains an nnweakened hold upon the interest
ing, on the piano- of both musicians and the public is the sep-
forte, and on the violin. In 1785 the fam- tet iu D minor, op. 74, a masterpiece of its
ily moved to Vienna (whei'e the father was kind.
engaged by Schikaneder as Kapellmeister Works 1. Dramatic Le vicende d' a- — :
at his theatre), and Johann became for two more, opera bufia, 2 acts, Vienna, 1804 ;
IIUMORESKE
Mathilde von Guise, opera, 3 acts, ib., 1810 12, 22, 35, 65, 83, 93, 9G (Vienna, Leipsic,
(pianoforte score, Paris and Leipsic) ; Das Offenbach, Paris, etc.) ; 8 sonatas for piano-
Haus ist zu verkaufen, forte and violin, op. 5, 19, 25, 28, 37, 50,
oiêretta, 1 act, the
text translated from Alex. Duval's " Maison 6-1, 104 (ib.) 3 sonatas for pianoforte,
4 ;
a vendre," ib., 1812 Die Riickfahrt des hands, op. 43, 92, 99 (ib.) Sonatas for pi-
;
;
Kaisers, do., 1 act, ib., 1814 Die Eselshaut, anoforte solo, oj). 13, 20,
36, 81, 106 (ib.)
;
;
fairy operetta Der Zauberring, ballet-pan-

; 3 fugues for do., op. 7 ; Rondos for do., op.
tomime Der Zauberkampf, do. Paris et
; ; 11, 19, 107, 109
Fantasias for do., op. 18,
;
Helene, ballet Das belobte Gemiilde, do. ;

; 123, 124 Caprices and studies for do., op.
;
Sappho vou Mitylene, do. Das Lob der ; 49, 67, 105, 125 Variations for do., op. 1,
;
Freuudschaft, cantata for solo and chorus ; 2, 8, 9, 40, 57, 118, 119 ; Ausfubrliche theo-
Diana ed Endimione, do., with orchestra. retisch-praktische Auweisung zum Piano-
II. Church music Mass for 4 voices, or- fortespiel, etc. (Vienna, Haslinger, 1828
:
chestra, and organ, in B-flat, op. 77 (Vi-

enna, Haslinger 2d ; Paris, Richault) ;
do., in 3d solemn
E-flat, op.
mass for do., in D, op. Ill (ib.) Grad-
80 (ib.) ;
;
sZ^c^^'^
ual for do., Quodquod in orbe, oj). 88
(ib.) ; Offertory for soprano solo, chorus,
orchestra, and organ, op. 89 (ib.).
lU. Instrumental Overture for grand London, Boosey & Co.

: '
; Paris, Fen-eur).
orchestra, in B-flat, op. 101 (Leipsic and Wurzbach Brockhaus — ; ; Fetis ; Mendel
Paris) Symjjhonie concertante for piano- Riemann.
;
forte, violin,and orchestra, op. 17 (Vienna, HUMORESKE, a title given by Schu-

Diabelli) Concerto No. 1, for pianoforte and mann to a series of pianoforte sketches in
;
orchestra, in C, op. 34 (Vienna, Haslinger) cyclic form, in C, op. 20, written in 1839, ;
Do., No. 2 (facile), in G, op. 73 (ib., and dedicated to Frau Julie von Webenau pul> ;
Paris, Lauver) Do. No. 3, in A minor, op. lished by P. Mechetti & Co., and by
; A. C
85 (ib.); Do., No. 4, in B minor, op. 89 (Vi- Spina (Vienna, 1839), and Breifkopf &
enna, Leipsic, Paris) ; Do., No. 5, Les adieux, Hiirtel (Leipsic). No. 2 of his Phautasie-
iu I], op. 110 (ib.) ; Do., No. 6, in A-flat, op. stiicke for pianoforte, violin, and violoncello,
113 (ib.) ; rondeaux brillants for pianoforte op. 88, is also called Humoreske. Heller
and orchestra, oj). 56, 98, and Grieg (op. 6, op. 19), have
117 (ib.) Themes (op.
; 64),
varies for do., oj). 97, 115term also for pianoforte pieces,
(ib.) ; Das Zauber- used this
born Oberon's, grand fantasia for do., in E, See also Gaudeamus Igitur.
op. 116 3 string quartets, op. 30 (ib.)
; HUNGARIA, symphonic poem for or- ;
Grand septet for pianoforte, flute, oboe, chestra by Liszt, op. 4, No. 9. Sketched in
horn, viola, 'cello, and double-bass, in D 1846 as an Ungarischer^RLarsch for pianoforte
minor, op. 74 Grand do. (military) for pi- .solo. Published in 1853. Instrumentated
;
anoforte, flute, clarinet, trumpet, violin, vi- and performed iu 1853. Rewritten in June,
ola, and double-bass, in C, op. 114 (Vienna 1856. Fii-st performed under Liszt's direc-
and Paris) Grand serenade No. 1, for piano- tiou iu Pesth, August, 1856. Publislied iu
;
forte, violin, guitar, clarinet, and bassoon, score, and for two pianofortes, four hands,
op. 63 (Vienna, Artaria Paris, Richault) by Breitkopf & Hiirtel (Leipsic, 1857).
; ;
Granddo.,No. 2, op. 66 (ib.); Grand quintet HUNG.ARIAN CONCERTO. See Con-

forpianoforte, violin, viola, 'cello, and double- zerl in ungarischer Weise.
bass, iu E-tlat, op. 87 (Vienna and Paris) HUNNEN-SCHLACHT (Biittle of the ;
7 trios for pianoforte, violin, and 'cello, op. Huns), symphonic poem for orchestra, by
HUNT
No. 11, suggestcilbyKaulhacli's have composed for their instrument Peter
Liszt, op. 4, ;
paiutiug. Conceived iu jMunioh iu Novem- Ernst also duos and trios for guitar, liute,
ber, 1856, written in 1857, first rehearsal, and viola. Allgem. d. Biog., xiii. 421 —
"Weimar, October, 1857, first performance, Mendel Fetis Schilling do., Supplement, ; ; ;
Weimar, April, 1858. Published in score, 220.

and for two pianofortes, four hands, by HUNTSaiEN'S CHORUS. See Frei-
Breitkopf & Hiirtel (Lcipsie, 1858).— Pohl, schftlz.
Liszt, 400 Upton, Standard Symphonies,
;
HURLEBUSCH, KONRAD FRIED-
289. RICH, born at Brunswick in 1696, died at
HUNT, K.VllL, born in Dresden, July 27, Amsterdam iu 1765 (or about 1770 ?). Dra-
1700, died (>). Violinist, chamber musician matic and church composer, son and pupil
to the Elector of Saxony pupil of his father of the organ virtuoso Heinrich Lorenz
;
and of Seydclnianu, 1770-76. He became Hurlebusch (born at Hanover, 1666), then

first violinist of the Hofkajjelle, Dresden, in studied in Hamburg (1714) and Vienna
1783. Works: 10 concertos for violin and (1716), and visited Italy in 1718-21. On
orchestra 2 symphonies for 2 violins and his return he gave concerts at Munich, and
;
do. ; 8 quartets for 2 violins, viola, and vio- having visited other cities of Germany, ac-
loncello G symphonies
; An operetta cepted a call to Stockholm as court Kapell-
; ;
Lieder Church music Variations for pi- miistare and organist, in 1722, but returned
; ;
anoforte, etc. Mendel —

Fetis Gerber to Brunswick in 1725. Called as Kapell-
; ; ;
Schilling. meister to Baireuth, then to Dresden in the

HUNT, THOMAS, English composer of year following, he was not satisfied with
the 16th century. He contributed the 6- either j)osition, and in 1727 settled at Ham-
part madrigal Hark did you ever hear so burg, whence he went to Amsterdam in
: !
sweet a singing, to the Triumjjhes of Ori- 1738 as organist of the reformed church.
ana (1601). An anthem by him. Put me not Works L' iunocenza difesa, opera, given at :
to rebuke, is contained iu Barnard's MS. Stockholm, 1722 Armenio, do., ib., 1725 ; ;
collection of the English Sacred Harmonic Flavio Cuniberto, do., Hamburg, about
Society. —
Grove Fetis. ; 1730 The 150 psalms of David in mo- ;
HUNTEN, FRANZ, born at Coblentz, tets, with harpsichord and organ (Amster-
Dec. 26, 1793, died there, Feb. 22, 1878. dam, 1766) 80 to 100 Italian airs, with in- ;
Pianist, first instructed by his father, an struments 12 Italian cantatas, with violin ;
organist, then pupil at the Conservatoire, and other instruments Italian cantatas, ;
Paris (1819), of Pradher on pianoforte, of with bass 12 concertos, 12 sonatas, 8 over- ;
Reicha in liarmouj', of Cherubini in counter- tures 6 concertos for harpsichord, with in- ;
point taught in Paris until 1837, when he struments 24 fugues for harpsichord and
; ;
retired to Coblentz. He began to compose organ 18 sonatas or suites for harpsichord. ;
at the age of ten his works for pianoforte,

; Gerber, Hist. Lex. Mendel Schilling — ; ;
;
which are of a pleasing style, became very Van der Straeteu, iv. 412 Viotta. ;
popular, and were remunerated with enor- HURON, LE, opera-comique in two acts,
mous prices. Works : Methods nouvelle text by Marmontel from Voltaire's " L'iu-
pour le piano, op. 60 ; Trio for pianoforte, genu," music by Gretry, perfoi'med with
violin, and violoncello, op. 14 duos for pi- success at the Theatre Italien, Paris, Aug.
;
anoforte and violin, op. 22, 23 Serenades, 20, 1768. This was the fir.st opera by
;
divertissements, and many themes with varia- Grctry given in Paris. Clement et La- —
tions, for pianoforte. His brothers Wilhelm rousse, 348.
and Peter Ernst are pianists also, the for- HURTADO (Y DE AVALOS), PIERRE,
mer at Cublentz, the latter at Duisburg, and church composer of the 17th century, born
IIUSAPtENLIEDER
in Spain, or in the Netherlands of Spanish Gymnase dramatique ; resigned in 1829,
parentage. He was
educated in the choir and 1831-32 held a similar position at
in
of the royal chapel, Bnissels, where he re- the Theatre du Palais-Royal. He finally
mained ten years later he became maitre de
; became professor at the school of Pont-le-
chant at the catheilral of Ghent. Works : Voy, near Blois.
Symphonie con- "Works :
Motet de choeiu", for 4 voices and 3 instru- certante for violin and violoncello 3 Con- ;
ments ; do. for 3 voices and do. Motet for certos for violoncello and orchestra
;
9 ;
3 voices ; do. for G voices and 3 instru- quintets for strings Trios for do., op. 15- ;
ments ; Te Deum
for do. Van der Strae- — 17 ;
Duos for 2 violoncellos, op. 7, 30, 31,
ten, i. 39 Supplement, ii. 9 Viotta.
; Fetis, ; 47 ;
Sonatas for violoncello, op. 3 Soiix-es ;
HUS.UiENLIEDEE (Hussar Songs), musieales, themes varies, for do., with vio-
four songs for a baritone voice and piano- lin and bass ; Method for violoncello.— Fe-
forte, poems by Nicholas Lenaii, music by tis ; :Meudel ; Schilling.
Schumann, op. 117, composed in 18.31, and HUSIT.SKA, dramatic overture for or-
dedicated to Heiurich Behr. I. Der Husar, chestra,by Autonin Dvoh'ik, op. 07, written
trara was ist die Gefahr ? in B
! II. Der ; for and first performed at the opening of
leidige Frieden hat lange gewiihrt, in G the new Bohemian theatre in Prague, in
minor lU. Deu griineu Zeigen, den roth-
; 1883. Given by the London Philharmonic
en Wangen, in E IV. Da liegt der Fein-
; Society, March 20, 1884, Dvon'ik conduct-
de gestreckte Schaar, in C minor. Pub- ing. First time in America at Van der
lished by Bartholf Senfi' (Leipsic, 18.52) ;
Stucken's Novelty concerts, New York, Oct.
& Hiirtel.
also b}' Breitkojif 25, 1884. Subject, the wars of the Hussites.
HUS-DESFORGES, PIERRE LOUIS, Published by N. Simrock (Berlin, 1884).
bom in Toulon, March 14, 1773, died at —AthenEeum (1884), i. 418.
Pont-le-Voy, near Blois, Jan. 20, 1838.
born in Roth, HUSS, GEORGE JOHN,
Virtuoso on the violoncello, grandson of Bavaria, Sept. 25, 1828, still living, 1889.
the violinist Jarnowick, received his musi- Organist, studied the pianoforte, the organ,
cal as a choirboy at the Ca- and theoiT under his father, who was head-
education
thedral of La Rochelle, entered a regiment master of the royal parochial school, Roth.
of mounted riflemen as trumpeter in 1792, "When nine years old he became organist of
and took part in the first campaigns of the the Lutheran church in his native town ;
revolution. In 1796, having lost a finger in 1848 he went to America and began
of his right hand, he entered the orchestra teaching the pianoforte. He has been or-
of the Grand Theatre
at Lyons, but re- ganist in the First Presbyterian Church,
mained there only months, having de- EUzabeth, N. J. Third Presbyterian, and
sis ;
cided to study at the newly erected Con- South Park Churches, Newark, N. J. and ;
servatou-e in Paris, under Janson, the elder. for nine years in the University Place Pres-
Towards the end of 1800 he went with a byterian Church, New York. His works in-
dramatic company as chef d'orchestre to clude a number of f)ieces for the pianoforte,
St. Petersburg, returned in 1810, and trav- and several church services.
elled in the provinces of France until 1817, HUSS, HENRY HOLDEN, born in New-
when he again settled in Paris, and became ark, New Jei-sey, June 21, 1802, still living,
firstvioloncellist in the orchestra of the 1889. Pianist, son and pupil of George John
Theatre de la Porte-Saiut-Martin. In Huss, and in 1879-82 studied counterpoint
1820 he established a school of music at and composition under O. B. Boise. In 1882
Metz, but soon resumed his travels and he went to Eurojie, and studied, in the 5Iu-
lived in Paris until 1828, when he was nich Conscrvatorium, counteiiwint, compo-
made chef d'orchestre of the Theatre du sition, instrumentation, and the organ uu-
HUSS
iler Josef Rbeinberger, pianoforte under of Music, and Kapelmeester of St. Domiuik's
Josef Giehrl, iind conducting under Ludwig Church, organized and conducted a church
Abel. In 1885 be returned to America and choir at Schiedam, received tbe honorary
settled iu New York. Works : Forest Idyl, title of Kapelmeester at Delft, and was a
for orcbestra,performed at Municb Conser- member of the Accademia di Santa Cecilia in
vatorium, 1884 Sympbouic Rbapsody, for
;
Rome. Order of the Oaken Crown in 1858.
pianoforte and orcbestra, Boston, Nov. 1, Works Le roi de Boheme, opera, given at
:
188G, New York, Nov. 15, 1887 Ave Maria, ;

Rotterdam 4 symphonies for full orcbestra
;
for soli, female cborus, barp, organ, and 2 concert overtures (crowned by the Neth-
string orcbestra, New York, April 12, 1888. erland Music Society) Overtures for wind ;
His otber compositions comprise a string instruments Several collections of songs ;

;
quartet a trio for pianoforte, viobn, and iMasses, cantatas, songs for schools, and
;
violoncello Ballad for cborus and orcbes- more than 150 compositions for wind in-
;
tra ;Songs, and part-songs. struments. Mendel Riemann Fetis, Sup- — ; ;
HUSS, JOHANN, oratorio, text by Dr. plement, ii. 9 ; Viotta.

A. Zeuue, music by Carl Loewe, first jjer- HUTTENBREXNER, ANSEL:\I, born at
formed by tbe Singakademie, Berlin, in Gratz, Styria, Oct. 13, 1794, died at Ober-
1841, under tbe direction of tbe composei". Andritz, near Gratz, June 5, 1868. Dra-
Given in Qiiedlinburg under Tbeodor Forcb- matic and church composer, first instructed
hammer, and in Halle under Zebler in 1884. by the organist Matthiius Gell, in singing
AiTanged for pianoforte by tbe composer. and ou tbe pianoforte, then jDupil in com-
Publisbed by Ed. Bote and G. Bock (Ber- position of Salieri in Vienna, where be was
lin, 1842). —
Allgem. mus. Zeituug, vol 44, intimate with Beethoven, who died iu bis
817 Scbumann, Gesamm. Scbr., ii. 298.
; arms, and Schubert, who was his co-disciple.
HUTOY, EUGfiNE, boru at Liege, July From 181G he appeared successfully
in pub-
2, 1844, died tbere, Feb. 17, 1880. Dramatic lic assume the
as a pianist but, obliged to
composer, jiupil at tbe Liege Conservatoire, administratiou of the family estate on his
wbere be became professor of solfege in father's death, he returned to Gratz in 1820,
1872. Works Quiroco at Cristi, comic
: and did much towards the promotion of
opera, given at Lii'ge, Pavilion de Flore, musical life there in 1825 be was elected ;
1872 La posada, ou le souper du roi, ib.,

; director of tbe Musikverein. He wrote also
Theatre Royal, 1874.— Fetis, Supplement, musical criticisms for various publications.
u. 9. Works Die franzOsische Einquartierung,:
HUTSCHENRUIJTER, WILLEM, born comic ojjera (1819), not given Armella, oder ;
iu Rotterdam, Netberlands, Dec. 25, 179G, die beiden Vicekoniginuen, do., given at
died tbere, Nov. 18, 1878. Instrumental Gratz, 1827 Lenore, opera, ib., 1835 and ;
and vocal composer, pupil of Hummel and (enlarged) 1837 Oedip auf Kolouos, oja- ;
Romberg, studied tbe violin under Dab- era 9 masses 3 Requiems 5 symphonies ; ; ; ;
men, afterwards tbe born and trumpet, and 10 overtures 3 funeral marches 2 quar- ; ;
became one of tbe leading performers on tets for strings Quintet for do. Sonatas, ; ;
tbese instruments in Holland. He entered 24 fugues, and otber compositions for pi-
tbe city orcbestra, and in 1821 founded tbe anoforte 300 quartets for male voices, and;
music corps of tbe Civic Guard, and in 1822 choruses over 200 songs, etc. Leitner, ; —
became Kapelmeester of botb corporations. Ans. Hiittenbrenner (Gratz, 1868) Men- ;
He founded also tbe society of tbe Eruditio del AVurzbach. ;
Musica in 182G, became director of tbe HYE, Mme DE LA. See La Hye.
Euterpe Choral Society, and of tbe Musis HYLLESTED, AUGUST, born of Dan-
Sacrum Society, was professor at the School ish parentage in Stockholm, Sweden, June
IIYMCER
17, 1858, still livinp:, 1889. Pianist, sou of HY:MN of PRMSR See Lobgesang.
Rasmus Madseu Hyllested, Stadmusicus, HYMNE A LA FRANCE. See Vox
Stockholm, pupil at Populi.
the Royal Couserva- HYMNE A MCTOR HUGO, for or-
toire in Copenhagen, chestra and chorus ad libitum, by Camille
1871-70, on the piano- Saint-Saens, op. 69, published by Durand &
forte of Edmund Xeu- Schoenewerk (Paris, between 1880 and
pert, and in composi- 1886). Arranged for pianoforte for four
tion of Niels W. Gade. hands by E. Guiraud, and for two piano-
In 1879 he studied in fortes for four hands by the composer.
Berlin under Kullak
and Xaver Scharwen-
ka in 1880 at Weimar
; AM A SIMPLE MULETEER. See
under Liszt, and on his return to Berlin Ilo^c of Castile.
counterpoint under F. Kiel. When ten I ICH BIN DER SCHNEIDER KAKA-
years old he gave pianoforte recitals DU (Iam the tailor Cockatoo), theme fi-om
throughout Scandinavia, and in 1S7G be- Wenzel MiOler's "Schwestern von Prag"
came organist of the NykjObing (Denmark) (Prague, 1794), used by Beethoven as the
Cathedral, and conductor of the Musical So- motive for trio No. 9, iu G, op. 121a, Ada-
ciety. In 1879 he went to Germany, and in gio, Variationen, und Rondo, composed in
1883-81; made concert tours through Great 1824. Published by Steiner it Co. (Vienna,
Britain. In 1885 he went to New York, and 1824), by Breitkopf & Hiirtel, Beethoven
gave concerts in connection with Ovide Mu- Werke, SerieXl, No. 9. — Lenz, Beethoven,
sin, the violinist and has since given piano-
; vol. ii.. Part iv., 139.
forte recitals in the principal eastern cities of ICH BEST'S, ICH SOLLTE BUSSEN
the United States, and in Canada. In 188G he ('Tia I ! my sins betray Thee), choral in A-
became assistant director of the Chicago "Mu- flat
major for Cori I. and H., with accom-
sical College. Works
Marche Triomphale, paniment of 2 oboes, strings complete, or-
:
for orchestra Pieces for the pianoforte, gan and continuo, in Johann Sebastian
;
among them variations, transcriptions, etc. Bach's Passion nach Matthiius, No. 16. The
HY^klBER, WERNER, born at JOhnitz, melody is " Nun ruhen alle Witlder," by
Bohemia, March 4, 1734, died at Kuku.s, Heiurich Isaac (about 1490).
ib., in 1810. Virtuoso on the violin, pnipil ICH DANI^ DIR, HERR, bass aria of
of Lolli, Fismann, and Luoggi, and iu Vi- Paulus, with chorus, in A minor, in Men-
enna of Seuche iu composition. He entered delssohn's Paiilus, No. 20.
the order of the Hospitallers iu 1755, was ICH DENKE DEIN, original theme with
sent to Vienna as choir-master of their six variations in D, for the pianoforte, for
church there, in 1770 became prior of the four hands, by Beethoven, on the song,
monastery at Prossnitz, ^Moravia, and in " Ich denke deiu," composed in 1800. Pub-
1790 was regens chori at the church of his lished without oi)us number in 1805. Breit-
order at Kukus, Bohemia. His masses, kopf it Hiirtel, Beethoven's Werke, Serie 15,
offertories, symjjhonies, concertos, and arias No. 4. Ich denke dein, Song with piano-
are preserved in the archives of his order. forte accompaniment, words by JIatthison,
— Dlabacz Wurzbach.
; music by Beethoven, appeared as Andenken,
HYMN TO APOLLO, chorus for male von Matthison. Published by Breitkopf &
voices with pianoforte, music by Arthur W. Hiirtel (Leipsic, 1810). Breitkopf & Hiirtel,
Thayer, lirst sung by the Apollo Club, Bos- Beethoven Werke, Serie 23, No. 35.
ton," Ajnil 25, 1888. Thayer, Verzeichuiss, 38, 81.
ICII IlAB
ICH HAB' EIN KLEINES HtJTTCHEN paniment of 2 oboes, strings complete, or-
NUR, tlu'ine with eight variations in B-tl;it, gan, and continuo, in Johann Sebastian
for pianoforte, Piibhshecl Bach's Passion nach Matthiius, No. 23.
by Beethoven. The
first by Diinst, in Frankfort, and also by melody is,
" O Haupt voU Blut und Wun-
Breitkopf & Hiirtel, Beethoven Werke, Serie den."
17, No. 182. ICH WILL NUN HASSEN, bass aria in
ICHHATTE YiEL BEKUMMERNISS B minor, with accomjjaniment of oboe
(Deep within my heart was sorrowing) can- d' amore, violin solo, strings complete, or-
tata per ogui tempo, by Johann Sebastian gan, and continuo, in Johann Sebastian
Bach, in two parts, for soli and chorus, Bach's cantata, " Freue dich erloste Schaar."
with accompaniment of tlu'ee trumjDets, ICH WILL NUR DIR ZU EHREN LE-
drums, oboe, bassoon, strings complete, BEN, tenor aria in D minor, with accom-
organ, and continue, to wliich are added 4 paniment of 2 violins, organ, and continuo,
trombones in the figured choral, "Was helin Johann Sebastian Bach's cantata Festo
fen uns die schweren Sorgen " (No. 7), and Circumcisionis Christi, " Fallt mit Danken,
3 trumpets, and drums, in the final chorus fallt mit Loben " (Part FV^ of the ]\'einavlds-
(No. 9). Bachgesellschaft, No. Pub- Oratorium). Published separately, with ad-
21.
lished in full and pianoforte score, with additional accompaniments by Robert Franz
ditional accompaniments by Robert Franz (Leipsic, Whistling).
(Leipsic, Leuckart) and with organ accom-
; IDEALE, DIE, Symphonie poem for or-
—
paniment by Liszt (ib., Schuberth). Spitta, chestra, by Liszt, op. 4, No. 12, on Schiller's
Bach, i. 525 Ujjton, Standard Cantatas, 31 jjoem of the same title, first performed in
;
Athenreum (1875), i. 463. Weimar, at the inauguration of the Goethe-

ICH LIEBTE GLtJHEND. See RienzL Schiller monument, by Rietschel, Septem-
ICH SEHE SCHON IN GEIST, alto aria bei-, 1857. Performed in Prague in 1858,
in A minor, with accompaniment of 2 oboes, Breslau, and Berlin, in 1859. Published, in
and coutiuuo, in Johann Sebastian Bach's score, and for two jjianofoi-tes, four hands,
cantata, " Gott fiihret auf mit Jauchzen," by Breitkopf & Hiirtel (Leipsic, 1858).
Fart II. IDOLO CINESE, L' (The Chinese Idol),
ICH WILL BEI MEINEM JESUM Italian opera bulla in two acts, text by Lo-
WÂCHEN watch with my dear Jesu
(I'll renzi, music by Giovanni Paisicllo, repre-
alway), aria in C minor, preceded by the sented in Naples in 1769, in Paris in 1779,
recitative, Schmerz (0 grief !), for the
! for which Piccinni is said to have revised
tenor of Coro I., with accompaniment of the score. Operas of the same title were
oboe solo, organ, and continuo, and the also written by Schuster, in Dresden, 1774 ;
chorus of Coro 11., with accompaniment of by Jacques Rust, in Barcelona, 1774 by ;
2 flutes, strings complete, organ, and con- Generali, Najjles. 1807 and by Tacchiuai--
;
tinuo, in Johann Sebastian Bach's Passio/i di, Felici, Gialdini, and Ettore de Champs,
uach Matthaus, No. 26. at the Teatro delle Loggie, Florence, April,
ICH WILL Dm ]\IEm HERZE 1874.
SCHENKEN (Never will my heart refuse IDOMENEO, Rfc DI CRETA, ossia Ilia
Thee), aria in G mpjor for the soprano of e Adamante, Italian opera in three acts with
Coro 1, with accompaniment of 2 oboes, ballet, text by the Abbate Varesco, music by
organ, and continuo, in Johann Sebastian Mozart, first represented in Munich, Jan. 29,
Bach's Fashion nach Matthilus, No. 19. 1781. It was written in Salzburg, in 1780,
ICH WELL HIER BEI Dm STEHEN by commission of the Prince of Bavaria, for
(I will stay here beside Thee), choral in E- the carnival of 1781 at Munich. The li-
flat major, for Cori I. and H., with accom- bretto is taken from a French ojjera, text by
I DREAMT
Danchet, music hy Campra, performed in Kochel, Verzeichniss, 366 Signale (1879), ;
Paris in 1712. Subject Idomeneo, king of 813.

:
Crete, returning from the conquest of Troy, I DREAMT I IN MARBLE DWELT

appeases Neptune during a storm at sea by HALLS. See Bohemian Girl.
a vow to sacrifice the first thing he meets IFIGENIA IN AULIDE (Iphigenia in
on his safe arrival in Crete. This happens opera in three acts, text by Moretti,
Aulis),
to be his son, Idamaute, and to evade ful- music by Cherubini, first represented at
fihnent of this vow he is sent into exile. Turin in 1787, and at Milan, Aug. 9, 1788.
As Idamante embarks a storm devastates This was Cherubini's eleventh opera. The
Crete, and the people demand the sacrifice ;
air, A vol torno, sponde amate, was pub-
but Idamaute is saved at the altar by Ilia, lished with fuU score (London, 1789).
daughter of Priam, who offers to become Same title Italian operas, music by Coletti,
the victim. Neptune commands Idomeneo Scarlatti, Rome, 1713
Venice, 1706
Por- ; ;
to resign the throne, and Idamante to reign by Paolo EoUi, London, 1735
pora, text ;
iu his stead. Original caste : K. H. Graun, text by Villati, Berlin, Jan.

23, 1749 Jommelli, text by Verazi, Rome, ;
Idomeneo Anton Eaaff.
1751 Traetta, text by Coltellini, Vienna,
;
Ilia Dal Prato.
1759 Francesco de Majo, text by Verazi,
;
Elettra Dorothea "Wendling.
Naples, 1762 ; Pleyel, Naples, 1780 ; Zinga-
Arbace Elizabeth "Wendling.
by Moretti, Milan, 1787 Simon
relli, text
Gran sacerdote di Nettuno Vallesi.
;
Mayr, text by Romanelli, Parma, 1806 ;
The autograph score is in the possession Federici, ib., Milan, 1809. The following
of Andrv, Offenbach-am-Main. Full score were set to Zeno's libretto : Caldara, Vienna,
(Italian) published by Simrock (Bonn). 1718 ; Orlandiui, Venice, 1719 ; Porta, Mu-
Twice arranged by Treitschke (Vienna,
: nich, 1738 ; Gerouimo Abos, Naples, 1745 ;
180G), and by Lichtenthal (Milan, 18-13). Salari, Naples, 1776 ; Sarti, Venice, 1777 ;
Published by Breitkopf & Hilrtel, Mozart Martin y Solar, Florence, 1781 Prati, Flor- ;
Werke, Herie 5, No. 13 (Idomeneo). Per- ence, 1784 Giordani, Rome, 1786 Bertoui,
; ;
formed at the Hofoperuhaus, Vienna, Oct. Trieste, 1790 Lorenzo Rossi, Genoa, 1798
; ;
25, 1879, Frau Ehnn, Frau Materna, Herr Trento, Naples, Nov. 4, 1804.
MiiUer, and Labatt appearing iu the princi- IF GOD BE FOR t'S, soprano aria in G
pal characters. Represented in Leijssic, minor, with accomisaniment of violins in
Dec. 23, 1880. Ballet Music in five num- unison, and continuo, in Handel's The Mes-
bers by Mozart for this opera I. Chaconne :
;
niah,Part HI. (No. 50). This aria is much
n. Pas de seul HI. Passepied
; IV. Ga- ; garbled in Mozart's score, notable changes
votte V. Passacaille. First performed with
; being made in all the original parts, even
the ojiera in 1781. The music was played in the continuo, and many violin passages
first iu New York by the Symphony So- being transferred to a solo bassoon.
ciety, Nov. 5, 1887. Breitkopf & Hiirtel, IF WITH ALL TOFR HKUITS. See
Mozart's Werke, Serie 5, No. 1-1 (Jabn, !Mo- So ihr mich von ganzem Herzeu.
zart, ii. 482 ; K<>chel, Verzeichuiss, 3G7). IGNANDIUS, Pater ANGELI'S, born at
Same titleoperas by Gazzaniga, Padua, Altamura, Calabria, in 1500, died in Venice
1790 ; PaOr, Florence, 1794 Federici, in 1543. Dominican monk, maestro di cap-
;
Milan, 1806; and Farinelli, Venice, 1812. pella many years iu Venice, where his mad-
— Clement et Larousse,351 Gebring, Mo- rigals, masses, motets, psalms, and other
;
zart, 8G Nisseu, Mozart, i. 416

; Nohl, church music were published Fetis Ger-
;
— ;
Mozart's Briefe, 231 Hogarth, ii. 228 ber.

; ;
Jahn, Mozart, ii. 420, 455, 487, 567 I HEAR IT AGAIN. See mrilana. ;
I KNOW
I KNOW THAT ilY REDEEMER LIV- Miserere, all with full orchestra ; Symphony ;
ETH, soprano aria in E major, with accom- Overtures to aH of Schiller's dramas ; Over-
paniment of violins in unison, and coutinuo, ture and entr'actes to Howald's Leucht-
in Handel's The Me.-iîah, Part HI. (No. 4:5). thurm Grand march for 2 orchestras and
;
IL 15ALEN DEL SUO. See Trovalore. chorus 2 concertos for pianoforte, with or-
;
IL EN EST TEaiPS ENCORE. See chestra 8 quartets for strings Rondo for
; ;
I'rvphiti'. violin and orchestra Pianoforte music, and ;
IL KTAIT UN ROI DE THULl5. See French romances. Ft'tis Sowinski. — ;
Faud, Gounod. IL mo
TESORO INT.ySITO. See JJun
Ki FAUT C£DER a MES LOIS. Sec Giovanni.
Zampa. IL PIU LIETO. See Pohulo.
iLE ENCHANTliE, L' (The Enchauted IL SEGRETO PER ESSER FELICL
Isle), ballet music for orchestra, by Arthur See Lucrezia Borgia.
Sullivan, performed at Covent Garden, Lon- IL SUON DEL ARPA. See Poliuto.
don, Jlay l(i, 1H(U. IL VA VENm. See La Juice.
TT.TA "e ADAMANTE. See Idomeneo, IL VOSTRO lilAGGIO, soprano aria of
re di Creta. Sirene, in E minor, with accompaniment of
ILIFFE, FREDERICK, born
Smeeton, strings complete, in Handel's liUdamido,
at
uear Leicester, Eng- Act n., Scene 3. Published separately,
land, in 1847, still liv- edited bj' Robert Franz (Leipsic, Kistner).
ing, 1889. Organist of IJdBERT (Ymbert), TH ., French .
St. ^Yiltrid's, Kibworth, composer, contemporary. His Les deux

1872, of St. Barnabas, cadis, opura-bouffe in one act, text by Fur-
Oxford, 1879, and of pille and Philippe Gille, was given success-
St. John's College, ib., fully at the Theatre Lj-rique, Paris, March
1883. Mus. Bac, Ox- 8, 1861. Since then he has written very
ford, 1873 Mus. Doc, little, excepting a short oratorio entitled
;
ib., 1879. Works The Bethk'em, and some romances and chansons.
:
Visions of St. John the Divine, oratorio, Ox- —

Fetis, Supplement, ii. 11 Viotta, ii. 154. ;
ford, 1879 Evening Service in D, for men's

; IMBIMBO, EJIANUELE, born in Naples
voices Anglican Chant Settings for all the about 1765, tlied (?).
; Pupil of Sigismuudo,
Canticles 3 Services for Te Deum in An- at the Conservatorio di San Onofrio, Naples,
;
glican chant form G Settings of the Kyrie where he aftenvards taught singing and
;
Eleison Anthems Overture in E, for or- harmony settled in Paris in 1808. Works
; ; ; :
chestra Minuet, trio, and finale, for do.

; Lo Spettro, dramatic scene Motets 6 Ital-
; ; ;
Organ and jji'iuoforte music Quintets, ian ariettas

; also published Partimcnti ou;
quartets, terzets, etc., for voices. basses chifi'rees de Fenaroli, and Observa-
ILmSKI, Count JAN STANISEAW, tions sur I'enseignement mutuel applique a
born at Castle Romanov, Poland, in 1795, la nuisique (Paris, 1821). Fi'tis. —
died (?). Church composer, pupil of Salieri, IMENEO (Hymen), Italian opera in two
Kauer, and Beethoven in Vienna, where he acts, librettist unknown, music by Handel,
brought out a mass in 182G. After having first represented at Lincoln's Inn Fields
served in the imperial guard at St. Peters- Theatre, London, Nov. 22, 1740. The au-
burg and in diplomacy, he became in 1853 tograph RIS., preserved in Hamburg, is
privy councillor, senator, and chamberlain dated at the end, Oct. 10, 1740. It was
to the Czar, and member of the university performed but once again in London, Dec.
of Kiev. Works 3 masses 2 Requiems 13, 1740, and twice in Dublin, March 24
: ;
;
Te Deum Stabat Mater De profundis and 31, 1742, as a serenata with concertos
; ;
;
IM FRtinLIXG
on the organ and The Good Friday ceremony of the Roman
othei* instruments.
favourite songs in Imeneo were published Catholic Church, text in Greek and Latin,
by Walsh —
(London, 1741). Chrysander, originally sung, a cappella, to Plain Chaunt
Handel, 454 Kockstro, 213 Schcelcher, melodies, but adapted by Palestrina to
ii. ; ;
233 Burney, iv. 432.

; simple faux-bourdous in 1560. First pub-
ni FRuilLING (Spring), overture for lished by Dr. Burney in " La Musica della
orchestra in G, by Georg Vierling, op. 24, Settimana Santa " (London, 1771 reprint- ;
dedicated to Ludwig Forck published by ed in Alexandre £tienne Choron's "Manuel

;
Lcuckart (Breslau, between 18G0 and 1867). complet de musique vocale et instrumeutale,
BI HOC'HL.\NDE (In the Highlands), ou Encyclopedie musicale," 6 vols., Paris,
Scottish overture for orchestra, in D, by 1836-38), and in Vincent Novello's " Music
Niels W. Gade, op. 7, first performed in of Holy Week (London, 1840).
"'
Published
Berlin in June, 1840. Given by the Phil- also among Alfieri's Excerpta (Rome, 1840),
harmonic Society, New York, in the season and in Dr. Karl Proske's " Musica Di-
of 1852-53. Published by Kistner (Leip- vina " (vol. iv., Ratisbon, 1862), copied from
sic, 1848). Arranged for the pianoforte by Palestriua's MS. in the Vatican Library.
Franz Hermann (Leipsic, 18G8). —
Grove.
I'M NOT THE QUEEN, HA, HA See! DI SOLDIER (In Summer), symphony
Botte of Castile. in E minor, for orchestra, by Joachim
BDIER 1ST UNDANK LOGES LOHN. Rafi", op. 208, first performed in Frankfort
See Eheiiujohl. in 1879 Crystal Palace, London, Oct. 9,
;
IMPEKIALE, L' (The Emperor's cantata), 1880. It is the comiwser's ninth sym-
for two choruses and grand orchestra, text phony. I. Ein heisser Tag, Allegro IL ;
bj' Lafont, music by Hector Berlioz, op. 26, Die Jagd der Elfen, .Allegro, Vei-sammliing
dedicated to Napoleon III., and first per- der Elfen, Oberon, Titania, die Jagd, Riick-
formed at the Palais de I'lndustrie, Champs kehr der Elfen mit Oberon und Titania
iSlysces, Paris, Nov. 15, 1855, Berlioz con- HI. Ekloge, Larghetto, zum Erntekranz,
ducting. Published by Brandus et Cie. Allegro. Published by Siegel (Leipsic,
(Paris, 1856).—^JuUien, Beriioz (1888), 238. 1881).
niPRESAEIO, L'. See Schampieldi- IM WALDE (In the Woods), symphony
rekior. in F, for orchestra, by Joachim Raff. op.
IMPRES.miO IN ANGUSTIE, L' (The 153, first perfoiTued in Weimar in 1869 ;
Embarrassed Impresario), Italian opera in New York, by the Philharmonic Society,
bufta, by Cimarosa, represented at the Te- in the season of 1871-72 in London, at
;
atro Nuovo, Naples, 1706 in Paris, March Crystal Palace, in April, 1875.
; The com-
12, 1802. Others of the same title by Pai- poser's thu'd symphony, and one of his best
siello, Florence, 1788 Grazzaniga, Ferrara, works.
; I. Allegro Am Tage, Eindrticke
:
1789 and Luigi Ricci, Naples, 1828.

; und Empfindungen (Day-time, Impressions
IMPRO]MPTU DE CA:\IPAGNE, L', ope- and Sensations) II Largo In der Diim-
; :
ra-comique, in one act and in verse, text by merung, Triiumerei, Tanz der Dryaden
Delrieu, music by Nicolo Isouard, repre- (Twilight, Revery, Dance of the Wood
sented at the Theatre Favart, Paris, June Nymphs) IH. Allegro
; Nacht, Sfilles
:
30, 1800. An Italian version, L' improvvisata Weben der Nacht im Walde, Einzug und
in campagna, music by Isouard, had pre- Auszug der wilden Jagd mit Frau Holle und
viously been given in Malta, 1797. —
Cle- Wotan, Anbruch des Tages (Night, Mur-
ment et Larousse, 356. mur of Night in the Forest, AiTival and De-
IMPROPERIA (The Reproaches), a series parture of the wild Hunt with Dame Holle
of Autii^hous and Responses, paii of the and Wotan, Daybreak). Published by Kisfc-
INCOllONAZIONE
iifi- (Leipsic, 1870). — Upton, Stamlard Sym- of Alexis Roger, in conjposition. Works :
phonies, 20{! ; Atbeuitiim (1875), i. 530. Les deux princesses, opora-comique, given
INCORON.VZIONE DI I'OPPEA, L' at the Conservatoire, 1850 ; Le feu sous la
(The Coronation of Poppea), Italian opera, neige, do., Louvre, 1860 ; Maitre Claude ;
by Mouteverde, first represented at the Mt'piise et surprise, Dans le brouillard,

Teatro SS. Giovanni e Paolo, Venice, in parlor oj)eras, given at the Conservatoire ;
1642. This was Monteverde's last great Charlotte Corday, dramatic scene ;
Quartet
work. for strings ; Trio for pianoforte and strings ;
m DEN ALPEN (In the Alps), symphony Duos for pianoforte and violin ; Pianoforte
in B-flat for orchestra, by Joachim Raff, op. pieces, and songs. — Fe-tis, Supplement, ii.
201, first performed in Loipsic in 1876. It 12.
is the composer's seventh symphony. I. INDY, VINCENT D', instrumental com-

Andante, Wanderiing ini Hochgebirge 11. ; poser, contemijorary, nephew of the jire-
Andante quasi Allegro, In derHerberge III. ; ceding. Works : Les Piccolomiui, over-
Larghetto, Am See IV. Allegro, Beim
; ture. Concerts populaires, 1874 ; Antoine et
Schwingfest Abschied. Published by Seitz
: Cleopiitre, do., ib., 1877 ; Symphouie che-
(Leipsic), and Ries (Dresden, 1877). valeresque, Societe Nationale, 187G La ;
INDES GALANTES, LES, opera-baUet Chevauchee du Cid, song with chorus, ib.,
in three acts, with prologue, text by Fuze- 1877 Wallenstein trilogy, 1888.— Futis,
;
lier, music by Ranieau, first represented at Supplement, ii. 12.

the Acadcmie Royale de Musique, Paris, INFELICE, concert aria for soprano and
Aug. 23, 1735. I. Le Turc genureux ; 11. orchestra, in B-tlat, by Jlendelssohn, op. 94,
Les Incas du Perou III. Les fleurs. ; A written for the Philharmonic Society of
fourth act, Les sauvages, was added in London, and first sung at its concert on
1736.—Lajarte, 175. i.May 19, 1834, by Mme. Caradori-AUan.
IN DES LEBENS FRUHUNGSTAGEN. The first version with violin obligate is
See Fldelio. dated April 3, 1834, the second, Leipsic,

INDIANA, comic opera, text by Henry Jan. 15, 1843. L Allegro, Recitative, lu-
Brougliam Farnie, music by Edmond Au- felice Giii dal mio sguardo. II. Aria, An- !
dran, first represented at the Comedy

Ah, ritorna, eta felice. Published
dante,
Theatre, Manchester, England, Oct. 4, 1886,posthumously by Breitkojjf k Hiirtel (Leip-
with much success. It was given in New sic, between 1860 and 1867). AiTauged for
York, Star Theatre, Jan. 17, 1887, and ran pianoforte solo by H. ]\L Schletterei'. Pub-
three weeks. lished by Breitkopf & Hiirtel, Mendelssohn
IN DIESEN HEIL'GEN HALLEN. See Werke, Serie 15, No. 124, revised by Julius
Tiauhflrflijte. Rietz.
INDIGO, operetta in three acts, by Jo- INFELICE E TU CREDEVI. ! See Er-
hann Strauss, first represented in Vienna, nani.
Feb. 10, 1871, revised and produced as INFERNAL SPIRITS, tenor aria of the
Reine Indigo, Paris, 1875. Subject, the Witch of Eudor, in F minor, with accom-
story of Ali Baba and the Forty Thieves. paniment of 2 oboes, bassoons, violins in
— Mus. Wochenblatt (1871), 132. unison, and violas and basses all' ottava, in
INDY, S.AINT-ANGE WrLFRID D', born Handel's Saul, Act HI., Scene 2.
at Valence (Drome), France, Dec. 14, 1821,IN FERNEM L.\ND. See Lohengrin.
still Dramatic composer, pu-
living, 1889. INGEGNERI (Ingigneri, lugeuierius,
pil, Kontski on the pianoforte, Ingignerius), MARCO ANTONIO, born at
in Paris, of
of Banderali in singing, and at the Conser- Pordenone, Venetia, about 1545, died ('?).
vatoire, nominally of Carafa, but actually Church composer, maestro di cappella of the
INdKA^DE
cathedral at Cremona as early as 157(1 ; af- eluding Salieri, Cherubini, Czerny, Ziuga-
terwards entered the service of the Duke of relli, Weigl, Sterkel, Asioli, Tomaschek,
Mantua in the same capacity. He was the Righini, Paiir, Eberl, Friedrich Dionysius
master of Monteverde. Works : Masses for Weber, and Emanuel Aloys FOrster. Beet-
5 and 8 voices, 1st book (Venice, 1573) do., ; hoven's, which was the last song in tlie vol-
2d book (ib., 1587) Sacrae cantiones, for 5
; ume, entitled In questa tomba oscura, and
voices (ib., 157G) do., for 7-lG voices (ib.,
; published by T. Mollo (Vienna, 1808), is
1589) Responsoria Hebdomad;c Sauctse
; the only one that survives. The Allgemei-
(ib., 1581) 4 books of Madrigals for i and
; ne nuisikalische Zeitung for Oct. 19, 1808,
5 voices (ib., 1578-80, 1584).— Fctis Men- ; announces the publication, and prints the
del ; Schilling. settings of Salieri and Sterkel, and in Jan-
INGRANDE, EDMOND D', born in uary, 1810, mentions twomore by Reichardt.
Paris, :March 19, 1825, still living, 1889. Beethoven's song is dedicated to S. A. N.
Organist, pupil of Wilhem, of Taskin, and Sig. Principe Giuseppe di Lobkowitz. The
of Zimmerman, then for a short time, at the MS. is owned by Artaria & Co. (Vienna).
Conservatoire (1848), pupil in comjsosition Breitkopf & Hiirtel, Beethoven Werke,
of Adolphe Adam. Became jirofessor of Serie 23, No. 39. The words of Shake-
singing in the public schools of Paris. Was speare's epitaph, "Good Fi-iend, for Jesus'
organist successively of the churches of Saint- sake forbear," are sometimes sung to this
Ambroise, and Notre Dame des Blaucs Man- air. —Thayer, Verzeichniss, 74.
teaus,and maitre de chapelle at Saint-Leu. INSANGUINE, GIACOJIO, born at :Îo-
Works Jeaime d'Arc, grand cantata for
: nopoli, Naples, in 1744, died at Naples in
soprano and chorus, with pianoforte and 1795. Dramatic comisoser, often called by
strings (prize by the Sociote libre des Beaux- the name of his birthplace ; i)upil of Carlo
Arts) 2 masses for 3 male voices and organ
; ;
Cotumacci
San Ono- at the Conservatorio di
many choruses, several of which were frio, Naples, where he afterwards became a
—
awarded prizes. Fctis, Supplement, ii. 12 teacher. He composed about twenty oi)eras,
;
Viotta. of which the most successful were Didone, :
IN H.APPY MOilENTS. See BlarUana. 1771 Adriano in Siria, Ai'ianna e Teseo, ;
IN HOLDEPv AN:MUTH, terzetto for so- Medonte, 1779 L' osteria di Marechiaro, ;
jirano, tenor, and bass (Gabriel, Uriel, Ra- L' astuzia per amore, Tito nelle Gallie, and
phael), in A major, in Haydn's Die SchOj)- Calipso, 1782. His best church work was
faiig, No. 18. the LXXI. psalm, for 3 voices and orches-
IN ÎEMORLA]\I, overture for orchestra tra. Besides, he left masses, psalms, and
and organ, b^' Arthur S. Sullivan, written in hymns, 3 cantatas for 3 voices with basso
18GG on the death of his father, and first continue, a Passion for Good Friday, a Te
performed at the Norwich Festival, Sept. Deum with orchestra, etc. Fetis. —
20, of that year. The score is still in MS. IN SWEETEST H-AR:\I0NY, soprano
— Athenseum (18GG), i. 57G. aria of David, in E major (ending in G
IN NATIVE WORTH. See iVit Wind' minor), with accompaniment of strings com-
und Hoheit. plete, in Handel's Saul, Act HI., Scene 5.
IN QUEGLI ANNT See Xozze di Figaro. It is the sixth movement of the Elegy on
m (iUESTA TOilBA OSCURA (In this the death of Saul and Jonathan.
dark Tomb), song for alto voice with pi- INTERilEZZI, six pieces for the piano-
j
anoforte, text by Carpani, music by Beet- forte by Schumann, op. 4, written in 1832,
hoven, written from a sketch between 179G and dedicated to KalHwoda. They consist
'
and 1800, making one of G3 compositions of a main theme and an alternative. The
on the same words by various musicians, in- composer gave no clue to their meaning ;
IN THE MOTTNTAINS
but, from the wonls, " Jloino Ruh" ist some of which were written in collaboration
hin," appended to No. 11., it is supposed with other composers. He is author of a
that the entii-e number is intended to por- manual on accompaniment with the piano-
tray Goethe's Margarete. I. Allegro quasi forte, in use at the Conservatorio, and has
maestoso, in A IL Presto a capriecio, in

;
published a valuable collection of national
E minor III. Allegro mai-cato, in A minor
; ;
and popular Spanish airs and music, in-
IV. AUcgrotto semplice, in C V. Allegro ; cluding the Sevillanas, Jota Aragonese, the
moderate, in A minor YI. Allegro, in B ; Guaracha de Cuba, etc. Fetis, Supplement, —
minor. Published in two pai-ts by Fried- Mendel, Ergiinz., 173 Viotta.
ii. 13 ; ;
rich Hofmeister (Leipsic, 1833), and by lOLANTHE, or the Peer and the Peri,
Breitkopf \- Hiirtel. fairy opera in two acts, text by William S.
IN THE jMOUNTAINS, overture for or- Gilbert, music by Arthur S. Sullivan, first
chestra, by Arthur Footc, op. 14, first per- represented at the Savoy Theatre, London,
formed by the Boston Symphony Orchestra, Nov. 25, 1882. London cast lolanthe, :
Feb. 5, 1887. MS.

The score Jessie Bond
is in Queen of the Fairies, Alice ;
IN THE IMOUNTAINS, symphony in F, Barnett Phyllis, Leonora Braham Lord ; ;
by G. Templeton Strong, first performed at Chancellor, George Grossmith Strephou, ;
Chickering Hall, New York, Nov. 24, 1887. Richard Temple Earl of Mountararat, Rut- ;
I. In the afternoon U. Adagio, In the land Barrington

; Earl of Tololler, Dur- ;
Gloaming IH. Allegro, At Midnight, the ward Lely Private Willis, of the Grenadier
; ;
Wild Hunt IV. Allegro molto. In the Guards, Charles Manners.

; Published by
Morn. Chappell & Co. (London, 1882).— Athe-
INTRIGUE AUX FENfiTRES, L" (The nreum (1882), ii. 743 London Times, Nov. ;
Intrigue at the Window), French opora- 27, 1882.

bouffon, text by Bouilly and Dupaty, music 10 SPER.VI TROVAR RIPOSO, con-
by Nicolo Isouard, represented at the Opera tralto aria of Ottone, in E major, with ac-
Comicjue, Paris, Feb. 24, 1805. —
Allgem. companiment of violins in unison, and cou-
mus. Zeituug (7), 422. j
tinuo, in Handel's Ottone, Act I., Scene 5.
INVENTIONEN, by Johaun Published separately, with additional ac-

a term used
Sebastian Bach for short pianoforte pieces, companiments by Robert Franz (Leipsic,
15 in two parts, and 15 in three parts, each Kistner).
developing a musical idea. These form the 10 T' ABBRACCIO, duet for soprano
second stage of a course of instruction for and contralto (Rodelinda and Bertarido),
his son, and were written in 1720. The in F-sharp minor, with accompaniment of 2
title was chosen to express musical inven- violins, and continuo, in Handel's Rode-
tion as well as development of technical linda, Act n.. Scene 7. Published sepa-
execution. Published by the Bacb-Gesell- rately, with additional accompaniments by
schaft in Bach's Clavier Werke, vol. i., 853 Robert Franz (Leipsic, Kistner).
(Leipsic, 1853). In this, as in some other IPER:MESTRA (Hypcrmnestra), Italian
editions, those for three jiarts are called opera in three acts, text by Metastasio,
Sinfouien. —
Spitta, Bach, i. GG5. music by Feo, first represented in Rome
IN\1TATI0N A LA VALSE. See Scene in Argos. Characters rep-
in 1825.
Aufforderiing zum Tanz. Danao, King of Ai-gos Iiêrmes-
resented : ;
JNZENGA, JOSE, Spanish pianist, and tra, his daughter, loved of Linceo Linceo, ;
dramatic composer, contemporary. He has son of Egitto, lover of Ipermestra El- ;
been professor of singing at the Madrid pinice, niece of Danao, loved of Plisteue ;
Conservatorio since 1860, and has brought Plistene, Prince of Tessaglia and friend to
out in that city several successful zarzuelas. Linceo and Adrasto, confidant of Danao. ;
iriiiGfixiE
Ipermestra, the youngest of the Dan.aules, '
mort condamnee ;
" Agamemnon's air, " Biil-
is the heroine. Her father, warned by the lant auteur de la lumiere

;
" the chorus,
oracle that his throne and life are in per- " Que d'attraits, que de majestc !
" and
il from a sou of Egitto, commauds his Calchas's aii-, "Au faite des gi-audeurs."
daughter to slay Linceo, to whom she is Original cast
betrothed, ou the night of her marriage.
Iphigenie Mile Soi)hie Arnould.
She does not obey, and through her dis-
Clytemnestre Mile Duplant.
cretion and nobility her father and hus-
Achille M. Legi'os.
band are both rendered happy. The scene
Agamemnon JI. Larrivee.
between Ipermestra, Dauao, and Linceo in
Calchas M. Gelin.
the second act is the strongest number.
Patrocle M. Duraud.
Same text, Italian operas, music by Gluck,
Venice, 1742 Johann Adolph Hasse,
;
In December, 1824, the opera reached its
SchOubrunn and Vienna, 1744, Dresden, 428th representation. It was revived iu

1751 Duni, Dresden, 1745
; Cafaro, Na- ;
ples, 1751 Jommelli, Spoleto, 1752 Perez,

; ;
Lisbon, 1754 Sarti, Rome, 1700 Mysli-

; ;
weczek, Rome, 1760 Majo, Naples, 1770 ; ;
Naumaun, Venice, 1774 Martin y Solar, ;
Rome, 1784; Ri-spoli, Milan, 178G Merea- ;
dante, Naples, 1825 Saldoni, Madrid, 1838

; ;
and Camicier, Saragossa, 1843. Same title,

text by Salvi, music by Giacomelli, Parma,
1704, Venice, 1724 Baldassare Galujjpi,
;
text by his son, Munich, 1751, and Venice,

17GL
IPHIGENIE EN ALTÎDE (Iphigenia in
Aulis), tragedie lyrique in three acts, text by
tlie Bailly du Rollet, after Racine, music by
Gluck, first represented at the Opc'ra, Paris,
April 29, 1774. One of Gluck's master-
pieces, written in 1772, first rehearsed in
Vienna, and performed in Paris through
the influence of Marie Antoinette. It was Vienna in October, 1867, having been fii-st
conducted by Gluck in person, and was re- performed there, Dec. 14, 1808 revived ;
ceived with great enthusiasm. Dm-iug the in Berlin in 1888. Published by Deslau-
scene between Achilles and the chorus, riers (Paris, 1774). This opera was rescored
" Chautons, celebrons notre reine," the by Wagner. Pianoforte arrangement bj-
audience rose and saluted Marie Antoi- Hans von Biilow, " Nach der Bearbeitung
nette. This work gave a final blow to the von Richard Wagner" (1850). Lajarte, i. —
operas of LuUi and Rameau, and marks the 275 JIars, Gluck und die Oper, ii. 37- ;
beginning of the modern opera. Its star- 133 Reissmaun, Gluck, 136 Hanslick, ; ;
tling innovations, and new combinations Moderue Oper, 6 Ritter, Reform der Oper ;
of tone-color, occasioned many discussions. dnrch Gluck, 262 Schmid, Gluck, 172 Des- ; ;
The principal numbers are The overture, noiresterres, Gluck et Piccinni, 07 Wag-
:
;
which is frequently performed the chorus ner, Gesammelte Schriften, v. 143 Clement
;
;
of the Hellenes demanding Iphigunie's sac- ct Larousse, 363 Naumann (Ouseley), 834, ;
rifice her aria, "Par uu pOre cruel a la 840 Grove, i. 602 ii. 18.
; ; ;
ipiiigEnie
IPHirTf;NIE P^N TAURIDE (Ipbigeuia June

6, 179G. Mile Leroux and Adolphe
ill Nourrit made their debut iu the characters
Tiuiris), tnii^'eilie Ij-riciue in foiu' acts, text
by Guillartl after Euripides, music byGluck, of Iphigenie and Pylade iu 1821. The
first represented at the Acadc'niie Eoyale ojjera, up to June 1829, had been performed
de Musique, Paris, May 18, 1779. Tbis 408 times. It was produced iu Vienna, Oct.
work is Published by Deslauriers (Paris,
the most complete expression of 23, 1781.
Ghick's genius. The recitatives are i. 308 Marx, Gluck und
dra- 1779).— Lajarte, ;
matic, the arias melodious, and the over- die Oper, ii. 2-55 Ritter, Reform der Oper ;
ture, which is frequently played, of rich durch Gluck, 274 Schmid, Gluck, 335 ; ;
colour. The chief numbers are Thoas's Reissmann, Gluck, 171 Hanslick, Moderne
: ;
air, " De noirs pressentiments mon ame in- Ojjer, 18 Desnoiresterres, Gluck et Piccin- ;
tiniidc'e " Pylade's air, " Unis di-s la plus ui, 248
; Cli-ment et Larousse, 3G4 Nau- ; ;
teudre enfance " the chorus of Priestesses. mann (Ouseley), 843.

;
IPHIGENIE EN TAURIDE, tragedie

lyrique in four acts, text by Dubreuil, mu-
sic by Piccinui, first rejsreseuted at the
Acadcmie Royale de Musique, Paris, Jan.

23, 1781. Dubreuil had oflfered this li-
bretto to Gluck, who at the time was writing
Armide. Piccinni accepted the text with
the promise from the manager of the 02:)('ra
that his work should be represented on Jan.
15, 1779, and precede that of Gluck on the
same subject but the jiromise was broken.
;
This opera was performed seventeen con-

secutive times, but Gluck's success caused
its death. It received thirty-two represen-
tations, and was performed at Piccinni's
benefit, Nov. 6, 1790. The chief numbers
are Pylade's air, " Oreste
: au nom de la !
2>atrie ;" and the chorus, "Sans murmurer
servons les dieux." Original cast
Rosalie Levasseur. Iphigenie Mile Laguerre.

Oreste M. Larrivee.
" Chaste de Latone " Oreste's air,
fille ;
Pylade ]\I. Legros.
"Le calme reutre dans mon cueur " the ;
chorus of Scythians, "II nous fallait du Same by Duclie and Danchet,

title, text
sang " the duo of Oreste and Pylade and
; ;
music by Desmarest and Campra, repre-
Iphigi'uie's arias, " O malheureuse Iphi- sented at the Academie Royale de Musiqu^
genie," and, "Je t'imjjlore et je tremble." Paris, May 6, 1704. Ifigeuia in Tauride,
Original cast Italian operas, music by Scarlatti, Rome,
1713 ; Orlandini,1719 Leonardo Italy, ;
Iphigcnie Mile Rosalie Levasseur.
Vinci, Venice, 1725 Jommelli, Rome, 1751 ;
Oreste M. Larrivee.
Mazzoni, Treviso, 1756 Agricola, Berlin, ;
Pylade M. Legros.
text by Landi, March 24, 1772 Galuppi, St.
Thoas M. Moreau.
;
Petersburg, 1768 Tarchi, Venice, 1785 ; ;
During the Kevolution this opera was given Monza, Milan, 1784 Carafa, Naples, 1817. ;
on the 18th Veudumiaire (Oct. 9, 1792), and —Schmid, Gluck, 371 Lajarte, i. 322 ;
;
I PRAISE
Desnoiresterres, Gluck et Picciniii, 291 ;
school in GOrlitz in 1863, became organist
Clt'inent et Larousse, 3G-1 ; Grove, ii. 748. at Trinity church there in 1878, and organ-
I PRAISE THEE, O LORD. See Ich ist and instructor of music at the Piidagog-
daiike dir, Herr. ium
Published in- at Ziillichau in 1881.
IRA D' ACHILLE,
See A<-hiUe neU' structive music for pianoforte, and songs,
L'.
assedio di Troja. an Allgemeine Musiklehre for the use of

IRATO, L', ou Temporte, opera-comique schools (1865), and a treatise on Harmony.
in one act, text by Marsollier, music by Mendel Riemann. — ;
Muhul, first represented at the Opera Co- IRISH SYMPHONY in F minor, by

mique, Paris, Feb. 17, 1801. Translated Charles Villiers Stanford, op. 28, first per-
into German as Die Teniperamente, Vienna, formed under Hans Richter, in London,
July 9, 1803, and as Der Tollkopf, Leipsic, June 27, 1887 first time in America by the ;
April, 1804. —
Clement et Larousse, 3G5 Symphony Society, New York, Jan. 28,;
Allgem. mus. Zeitung (3), 514 ; (5), 733 ;

1888. The score bears the motto Ipse :
(6), 4GG. fave clemens patrite patriamque canenti,

IRDISCHES UND GOTTLICHES DI Phcebe, coronata qui canis ipse lyra. I.
JIENSCHENLEBEN (The Earthly and the Allegro moderato H. Allegro molto vi-
;
Divine in ]Man's Life), called also Doppel- vace ; in. Andante con moto IV. .\llegro ;
Sinfonie (Double Symphonj-), symi)liouy for moderato. The last number is based upon
two orchestras, by Louis Spohr, op. 121, the songs. Remember the glories of Brian
first performed at Cassel, 1841. In three the brave. Let Erin remember the days of
parts I. Kinderwelt (The World of Child-
: old. — Upton, Standard Symphonies, 261
hood) n. Zeit der Leidenschaften (The
;
Krehbiel (1888), 40.
Age of the Passions) EH. Endlicher Sieg
; IRL.^DE, nine melodies for one and
des GiJttlichen (The Final Victory of the two voices with pianoforte, on the Songs of
Divine Principle). It was well received in Thomas Moore,
translated into French by
Cassel, and after its publication by Schu- music by Hector Berlioz, op. 2,
F. Gounet,
berth (Hamburg), made its way into many composed in 1829, and dedicated to Thomas
of the large towns of Germany and Eng- Moore. First published as Neuf Melodies
land. It was given in New York, by the irlandaises (Richault, Paris, 1830). Re-
Philharmonic Society, in the season of edited as Irlande, about 1850. La belle
—
1848-49. Spohr's Autobiography (Euglish voyageuse, arranged for male quartet, was
ed.), ii. 23G Schumann, Gesammelte Schrif-
;
sung in Paris, Nov. 6, 1834, and was also
ten, ii. 327. arranged for mezzo-soprano with orchestra
IRENE, German Festoper (Pastorale), by Berlioz. The Chant sacre, dedicated to
text by Postel, music by Reinhold Keiser, the Abbe Degueny, was arranged for chorus
first represented at Hamburg in 1G97, in and orchestra. Helene was sung at the
celebration of the Peace of Ryswick. The Salle Herz, Paris, Feb. 3, 1844.^Jullieu
whole title is " Die durch Wilhelm den (1888), 42.
:
Grossen in Britannien wieder eingefCihrte ISAAK, HEINRICH (Isaac, Isac, Isak,

Irene." Irene is the personification of peace Ysac, known in Italy as Arrhigo Tedesco),
(Greek eipijn;). time and place of birth unknown, died be-
I REVEL IN HOPE. See Oh-ron. fore 1531. Ambros considers the legend
IRG.VNG, WILHEL:M, born at Hirsch- that he was born in Prague not wholly un-
berg, Silesia, Feb. 23, 183G, still living, trustworthy, as the rhythm of some of Lis
1889. Instrumental and vocal composer, melodies is unquestionably Bohemian, and
pupil of A. W. Bach and Grell at the Royal this very unusual surname is still borne by
Academy, Berlin. He founded a music a few families in that citv. He was in
ISABELLE
Floreuce, high in favour with Lorcuzo the voc.) in Munich Library (MS. vol. No. G4'28
Magnificeut, and intimate with Josquin, in Burgundy Library, Brussels, contains
Hobrccht, Agricola, and other noted com- '
Virgo prudentissima under title Missa
'
'
posers, probably between the j-ears 1475 de Assumptione B. V. IL, beric ysac '). H.
auJ UHO. He held the post of maestro Motets and Psalms Five in Glarean's
:
di cappella at S. Giovanni, and was teacher Dodccachordon (3 repiinted in Burney, ii.

of Lorenzo's children. It appears also that 521-524 Hawkins, ch. 70 and Forkel)
; ;
he was charge d'aftaires from the Emperor five (' Optime Pastor,' 'Virgo prudentis-
Maximilian I. to the court of Florence so sima,' 6 voc, and Ave sauctissima Maria,' ;
'
he was probably in Maximilian's service in Prophetarum maxime,' O Maria Mater ' '
Vienna before going to Floreuce he cer- Christi,' 4 voc), in Lib. select, cant. Wyr-
;
tainly re-entered it after leaving there. If sung Augsburg, 1520 (MS. cojiy in Fetis's ;
Isaak, according to the accejited tradition, For others Library, Brussels, No. 1G79).
was really a German, he was the Sammel-
first really see Eitner's Biographic der mus.
great German comiôser his intimate re- werke, Berlin, 1877.
; III. Lieder, etc. Ten :
lations with the Italian and Netherlandish in Ott's collection, CXV. guter newer Lied-
masters whom he met in Florence had a leiu (Nuremberg, 1544 repiinted, Berlin, ;
strong influence upon him, and his contra-

puntid works have a certain cosmo2)olitan
flavoiu' quite unique in his day. His song
" In.spruk, ich muss dich lasseu," is now fa-
H~
miUar as the choral melody, "Nun ruhen
alle Walder." As a song-writer he stands
above his German contenqjoraries, Hoff- Liepmannssohn) four in FOrster's collec- ;
haimer, Stolzer, and Heinrich Fiiick, and tion, Ein Auszug guter teutscher Liedlein'
be far excelled them all in the larger field (Nuremberg, Petreius, 1539). — Ambros, iii.
of counterijoint. Works I. 23 Masses : : 380.
Of Charge de deul,' Misericor-
these, five (' ' ISABELLE ET GERTRUDE, ou les
dias Domini,' Quant jay a cor,' La Spagna,'
'
' sylphes supposes, oiJera-comique in one act,
'
Comme femme') published under the ou Voltaire's " L'educatiou text bj' Favart
title Misse Heinrici Izac (Petrucci, Ven-
' music by Gretry, first rei)resent-
' des filles,"
ice, 1506. A copy is in the library' of ed at the OjiOra Comique, Geneva, in 17(57.
the Liceo, Bologna) two (' Carminum,' ;
Same text, music by Blaise, previously
' Uue Musque de Biscay ') in Ehau's Op. represented at the Theatre Italien, Aug. 14,
'
dec. miss. 4 voc' (Wittenberg, 1541) one 1765 same text, music by iVntonio Pacini,
; ;
(' O Pricclara ') in Lib. XX, miss. (Petreius, Theatre Feydeau, March 1, 1806.— Clement
Nuremberg, 1539) MS. score in the Sonu- et Larousse, 366.
;
leithner collection ISAIAH, cantata, text by Giuseppe Albini,

in the Berlin Library ;
two (' Salve uos,' '

Weseu
music by Mancinclli, first performed at the
Fruhlich ') in
Ott's Missse XH. (Nuremberg, 1539. Pleni Norwich (England) Festival, Oct. 13, 1887.
'
sunt' from the latter in score in Sonn- Atheuffium (1887), ii. 543. —
leithner MSS.) eight ('Solemni,' 'Magne
; ISHAM, JOHN, born in England about
Deus,' 'Paschalis,' De Confessoribus,' 1680, died at Westminster in June, 1726.
'
'Dominicalis,' 'De B. Virgine,' two 'De Organist and church composer. He was
Marty ribus,' all 4 voc. in MS. in Eoyal for some jears deputy organist for Dr.
;
Library, Vienna) five (' Virgo

; pruden- Croft, and succeeded him at St. Ann's in
tissima,' 'Solemni,' 'De Apostolis,' 'Sine 1711. Mus. Bac, Oxford, 1713. He was
nomine,' all C voc. and 'De Aisostolis,' 4 successively organist of St. Andrew's, Hoi-
IRIS
born, 171S, ami of St. Margaret's, West- IS NOT HIS WORD LIIvE A FIRE?
minster. Hawkins reprinted liis duet, Sec M nicht des Herrn Wort.
Bury delights my roving eye, from a col- ISOLA DISABITATA, L' (The Desert
lection songs wLich he published in Island), Italian opera in one act, text by
of
company with Morley. He composed also Metastasio (1752), music by Haydn, first
anthems, two of which were published in represented at Esztcrhaz, Dec. G, 1779. in
Dr. Croft's collection (1712). —
Grove Biu'- honour of Prince Nicolaus Eszterhuzy's
;
ney, Hist., Hawkins, Hist., v. name-day. Represented at the Court The-

iii. C03 ;
102. atre, Vienna, March 19, 1785. It is one of

ISIS, tragic opera iu five acts, with a pro- Haydn's best operas, was composed in 1770,
logue, ballet, and elaborate mise en scene, and gained him admission to the Accade-
text by Quinault, music by LuUi, first rep- raia Filarmonica of Modena. Haydn sent
resented at the Acadt'mie Royale de !Musique, the score to the King of Spain. The text-
Paris, Jan. 5, 1G77. Subject, the nymjih lo, book published by Seiss (Oldenburg, 1779)
beloved by Jupiter and persecuted bj' Juno, contains the cast Constanza, wife of Ger- :
and her transformation to the divinity Isis. nando, Signora Barbara Ripamonte Silvia, ;
The opera was a triumph for Lulli but her younger sister, Signora Luigia Polzelli
;
Quinault was banished from court and from Gernando, husband of Constanza, Signor
the theatre for two years, on account of Andrea Totti Enrico, companion of Ger- ;
supposed allusions to Mile de Montespan nando, Signor Benedetto Bianchi. Ger-

in the character of Juno. The score was nando embarks with his wife and her sister
published (Paris, 1G77 2d edition, 1719). for the West Indies, is wrecked on a desert
;
— Lajarte, i. 31 Clement et Larousse, 367. island, and captured by pirates but after
; ;
ISMENE, German pastoral, by Keinhard three years escapes and joins his wife on
Reiser, composed for the court of Bruns- the island. Their reunion is the climax of
wick in 1G92, and first represented in that the opera. Other Italian operas on the
year at Wolfenbilttel. Same title, French same text Music by Bono, Vienna, 1752 :
;
pastorale heroique in one act, text by ]\Ion- Holzbauer, Mannheim, 175-1 Perez, Lisbon, ;
crif, music by Rebel and Francour, per- 17G7 Traetta, St. Petersburg, 17G9 Nau-
; ;
formed at Versailles iu December, 1747, manu, Venice, 1773 Schuster (in German), ;
and at the Ojx'ra, Paris, Aug. 28, 17.50. Dresden, 1778, (in Italian) Naples, 1781 ;
Ismene et Isnu'nias, ou la fete de Jupiter, Mengozzi, Paris, Aug. 22, 1789 Spontini, ;
French pastoral iu three acts, text by Florence, 1798 Maudanici, Naples, about ;
Laujon, music liy Laborde, represented at 1824; Garcia, Naples, 1830. Same title,
Versailles in 17G3, and at the Academic text by Goldoni, music by Scarlatti, Vienna,
Royale de Musique, Paris, Dec. 11, 1770. 1757 and by Jommelli, Stuttgart, 17G5. ;
Ismene et Lindor, French pastoral in one Clement et Larousse, 3G8 Pohl, Haydn, ii. ;
act, by Louis Joseph Francoeur, Paris, Aug. 99, 353.

30, 17G6.— Lajarte, i. 215. ISOLA, GAETANO, born at Genoa in
ISNARDI, PAOLO, born at Ferrara in 17G1 dramatic composer whose family set- ;
tlie first half of the IGth century, died at tled in Palermo while he was young. He
the age of sixty. Church composer, monk, wrote for the Italian theatres, and in 1812
and afterwards superior of the monastery of retired to his native city, where he became
Monte Cassino, and maestro di cappeUa of maestro concertante of the theatre. He
the Cathedral of Ferrara. His masses, mo- wrote a gi-eat deal of church and chamber
tets, psalms, magnificats, etc., were pub- music ; among his operas is one written for
lished in Venice (15G1-94). —Fetis Ger- Turin
;
: La conquista del velo d' ore (1791).
ber : Walther. — Fetis ; Mendel.
ISOUARD
LSOUARD (Isoanl), NICOLC) (called iu until Boieldieu and Auber came upon the
FrauceNicolo), born in Malta, Dec. 6, 1775, stage, he had practically no rival at the Ope-
died in Paris, ra Comique. But he could not compete
March 23, 1818. with his new rivals, and when Boieldieu
The sou of a was elected to succeed Mehul at the Insti-
lucrcliant, he tut, in 1817, he entered upon a course of
was taken when dissipation which brought on cousumj)-
a boy to Paris, tion. —
Works Operas L' avviso ai mari- :
^^ ___. and educated tati, Florence, 1794; Artaserse, Leghorn, ;
'Hj^K^ inBlkX for the navy at 1795 II barbiere di SivigHa, Malta, 179G
; ;
the Institution Einaldo d' Asti, ib., 179(j Le tounelier, ;
Eerthaud, stud- Malta, 1797 Paris, May 17, 1801 L' ira-
; ;
ying the piano- provvisata in campagna, Malta, 1797 (as

forte mean- Uimpromptu de camjjagne, Paris, June 30,
while under Pin. In 1790 he was placed 1800) Giuevra di Scozia, Malta, 1798
; ;
in a merchant's office in Malta, studied Le petit page (with Kreutzer), Paris, Feb.
harmony there under Yella and Azojjardi, 14, 1800 Flaminius a Corinthe (with
;
later at Palermo under Amendola, and Kreutzer), ib.. Opera, Feb. 28, 1801 La ;
lastly at Naples under Sala and Gugliel- statue, ou la femme avare, April 29, 1801 ;
mi, still keej)ing up his connection with Michel Ange, Theatre Feydeau, Dec. 11,
commerce. At length, against his father's 1802 Les confidences, ib., March 30, 1803
; ;
will, he gave uj) commerce, and brought Le baiser et la quittance (with Mc'hul,
out his first opera, " L' avviso ai maritati," Kreutzer, and Boieldieu), ib., June 17,
in Florence, 1795. He dropped his sur- 1803 Le mc'decin turc. Opera Comique,
;
name, so as not to disgrace his family, and Nov. 19, 1803 Uinlrigue aux fenetres, ib.,
;
was henceforth known as Nicolo. From Feb. 24, 1805 Le dejeuner de garyons, ib.,
;
Florence he went to Leghorn, thence back April 24, 1805 La ruse inutile, ib., May
;
to Malta, where he succeeded Viucenzo 30, 1805 Leonce, ou le fils adoptif, ib.,
;
Anfossi as organist at the Church of St. Nov. 18, 1805 La prise de Passau, Fey-
;
John of Jerusalem, and afterwards at 8. deau, Feb. 8, 180G Idala, ou la sultane, ;
Blartino as maestro di cappella of the order. ib., July 30, 180G Les rendez-vous bour-
;
After the occupation of the island by the geois, Opera Comique, May 9, 1807 Lea ;
French in 1798, he went to Paris, where he creanciers, ou le remede a la goutte, ib.,

wrote two operas with Eodolphe Kreutzer. Dec. 10, 1807 Uu jour a Paris, ib., IMay
;
Delrieu also i-ewrote the libretti of two of 24, 1808 Cimarosa, Feydeau, June 28,
;
his Italian operas, which were given with 1808 ; L'intrigue au serail, ib., April 25,
some success. Nicolo made also a marked 1809 CendriUon, ib., Feb. 22, 1810 La
; ;
society success as a pianist, and formed. the victime des arts (with Solio and Berton),
acquaintance of Hoffmann, and Etienne, by Opera Comique, Feb. 27, 1811 La fete du ;
whose advice he benefited, and to whose village, ib., March 31, 1811 Le billet de ;
libretti he owed much of the success of his loterie, ib., Sei^t. 14, 1811 Le magicien ;
subsequent operas. He had a remarkable sans magie, ib., Nov. 4, 1811 LuUi et ;
gift of melody and great skill iu writing Qninault, ou le dt'jeuner impossible, Fey-
for the voice, especially in concerted pieces. deau,' Feb. 27, 1812 Le prince de Catane, ;
His style was extremely simple, his comedy. ib., March 4, 1813 Le Franyais a Venise, ;
esceUent, never degenerating into vulgar- Oiêra Comique, June 14, 1813 Le siege ;
ity. He had the true French dramatic de Mezieres, ou Bayard a Mezieres (with
sense. He based his style upon Gretry, and, Cherubiui, Catel, and Boieldieu), ib., Feb.
ISEAEL
12, 1814 ; JocotitJfi, oa
coureurs d'aven- adaptation of an organ fugue, or canzoua,
les
tures, Fej-deau, Feb. 1814 Jeauuot et by Johann Caspar Kerl. Israel in Egypt
28, ;
Colin, ib., Oct. 17, 1814 Les deux maris. was performed but nine times during Han-
;
Opera Comique, March 18, 1816 L'une del's life. It was given entire at Coveut
;
pour I'autre, Fejdeau, May 11, 181G Garden in 1765, with songs from Handel's
;
Aladin, ou la lampe merveilleuse (posthu- Italian operas, and under Sir Geoi-ge Smart's
mous, finished by Beuincori), Feb. 6, 1822 dii-ection, March 16, 1816. It was first sung
;
A scene or two in Uue nuit de Gustave iu Germany by the Singakademie of Ber-

lin, Dec. 1831, and at the Dusseldorf Fes-
8,
tival of 1833, under Mendelssohn. It was
revived intact by the Sacred Harmonic Soci-
ety of Loudon, Feb. 23, 1849, and has been
performed at all the Handel Festivals iu
England. For that of 1857 the orchestral
Wasa (the rest Opera Comique, score was added to by Sir ]Michael Costa.
by Gasse),
Sept. 29, 1827 ; This oratorio was first sung in Boston
9 cantatas, masses, psalms,
motets, vocal concert pieces, all written in by the Handel and Haydn Society, Feb.
Malta. —
Fetis do.. Supplement, ii. 14.
; 13, 1859 but its most noticeable perform-;
ISRAEL IN EGYPT, oratorio in two ance in America was during the May Fes-
acts, text from the Bible, music by Handel, tival in New York, in 1882. The score,
first performed at the King's Theatre, Lon- which remained unedited during Handel's
don, April 4, 1739, " with new concertos on life, was first published by Randall (Lon-
the organ." This work, the most colossal don) full score, edited by Mendelssohn
;
of oratorios, was composed in twenty-seven with organ jjart for the Handel Society
days. The autograph JIS. is iu Bucking- of London (1845), by Chrysander for the
ham Palace. The present second jârt was Haudelgesellschaft (Breitkopf & Hilrtel,
written first, and bears the dates "Moses Leijisic, 1863). Grove, ii. 25 Reissmann, — ;
Song, Exodus, Chap. 15 angefangen Oc- Handel, 121 Chrysander, Hiindel, ii. 59
|
;
;
tob^ 1738 Litroitus, and Fine Octob' 11, Rockstro, 218, 233
I
Schcelcher, 208, 423 ; ;
1738 den 1 Novemb"^ vOUig geendet." The Glehn, Goethe and Mendelssohn (169) Up-
I
;
recitative, with which the oratorio begins, tou. Standard Oratorios, 117 Hensel, Men- ;
is headed, "Act ye 2 15 Oetob', 1738." The delssohn, i. 279 Allgem. mus. Zeit. (34), 73 ; ;
oratorio was so coldly received that on Ajjril Athena-um (1849), 234 ; (1857), 827, 860.
11, 1739, it was shortened and intermixed ISRAELITEN IN DER "NAXSTE, DIE
with songs, sung by La Fraucesina. It (The Israelites iu the Desert), oratorio by
was originally preceded by the Funeral An- Philipp Emanuel Bach, text by Sehiebler,
them, sung as Lamentations of the Isi-aelites written in Hamburg, 1769. It contains a
for the death of Joseph, which accounts for short instrumental prelude, and twenty
the absence of an overture. The work con- numbers. Characters represented : Moses,
sists of twenty-eight choruses, the most of bass Aaron, tenor and two Israelites, so-
; ;
which are double choruses, five arias, and prani. —

Bitter, Emanuel and Friedniann
three duets. Many
numbers are
of these Bach, ii. 2 Allgem. mus. Zeitung (20), 73.
;
taken from Handel's organ fugues and from ISR.AELITEN IN DER AVtSTE, DIE,
a MS. Magnificat, of disputed authorship, oratorio, by Eduard August Grell, first per-
preserved in Buckingham Palace. I\Iacfar- formed by the Singakademie of Berlin iu
ren, who edited the score for the Sacred Januaiy, 1839.— Allgem. mus. Zeit. (41), 146.
Harmonic Society (London, 1857), thinks ISRAEL RESTORED, oratorio, by Will-
that the chorus, Egypt was glad, was an iam Richard Bexfield, first performed at the
ISUAELS
Norwich (Eii;^'laiul) Festival, Sept. 22, 1852 ;
Poissl, Darmstadt, 1818. — Clement et La-
again iu 187!). SLUiyf at Royal Al))ert Hall, rousse, 370.
London, Ajjril 15, 1880.— Athenseuni (1852), 1ST NICHT DES HERRN WORT, bass
1039. aria of Elias, in A minor, in Mendelssohn's
LSR.VELS SIEGESGESANG (Israel's Elia.-:, No. 17.
Song of Victory), cantata for sopi-ano solo, ISTORIE BELLE A LEGGERE. See
chorus, ami orchestra, text from the Bible, Ci'Ltpino e la Comare.
music by FerJinaiul Hiller, op. 151, first ITALIANA IN ALGERI, L', Italian opera
performeil at the Cologne Festival, May 28, buffa in two acts, text by
music by Aiielli,
1871. It consists of eight numbers, and Rossini, first represented at the Teatro San
was written to celebrate the victorious end- Benedetto, Venice, in 1813. It was written
ing of the Franco-Prussian war of 1870. iu less than eighteen days. Performed in
Published by F. C. E. Leuckart (Leipsie, Milan, April 12, 1814 Paris, Feb. 1, 1817,
;
1871).— Mus. Wochenblatt (1871), 380, 582 ;

and at the King's Tlieatre, London, June
Upton, Standard Cantata.s, 203. 27, 1819 given in New York, Nov. 17,
;
ISSIPILE (Hypsipyle), Italian ojtei-a, text 1833. An ojiera of the same title, by Luigi
by Jletastasio, music by Porpora, lirst rep- Mosca, had been previously rej^resented iu
resented in Rome in 1723. Scene iu Milan, Aug. IG, 1808.— .Ulgem. mus. Zei-
Lemnos. Characters rejiresented : Toante, tung (IG), 450.
King of Lemnos daughter of To-
; Issipile, ITALIANA IN LONDRA, L', iutei-mezzo
ante, bethrothed to Giasone Princess Eu- a cinque voci, Italian ojiera buffa in two
;
rinome, mother of Learco Giasone, Prince acts, by Cimarosa, first represented in

;
of Thessaly, conductor of the Argonauts to Rome in 1774. Performed in Paris at the

Colchis, and lover of Issijiile Rodope, con- Italiens, Oct. 17, 1801. Clement et La-
; —
fidante to Issipile and Learco, son of Eu- rousse, 371.
;
rinome, and rejected lover of Issipile. The ITjVLIAN concerto. See Concerl dans
inhabitants of Lemnos, waging war against le style Italien.
Thrace, have been conquered by the women ITALIAN SYMPHONY, name given to
of that country, and remain there until To- the Fourth Symphony iu
by Mendelssohn,
A,
ante bids them return with him to Lem- op. 90, written for the Philharmonic So-
nos, to witness the marriage of his daughter ciety of London, and first performed there
with Giasone. The jealousj' of the warriors' under the direction of the composer, May
wives has turned to fury and, led by Euri- 13, 1833. Composed in Rome and Naples,
nome, they form a plot to massacre their and completed in Berlin, March 13, 1833.
husbands at the feast of Bacchus. To save I. Allegro vivace II. Andante con moto
;
her father, Issipile dissembles. After vari- HI. Con moto moderato IV. Saltarello,
;
ous incidents the tumult is quieted, recon- presto. Published by Breitkopf & Hilrtel,
ciliation established, and Issipile is married Mendelssohn Werke, Serie i., No. 4. Up- —
to Giasone. Same text, Italian operas, music ton, Standard Symphonies, 182.
by Conti, Vienna, 1732 Sandoni, London, ; IT.YLIEN, .symphonic fantasia for orches-
1735 Terradeglias, Florence, 1742 Beller-
; ; tra by Richard Strauss, first performed by
mann, Florence, 1744: John Christopher ; the Brooklyn Philharmonic Society, March
Smith, London, 174G Holzbauer, Mann- ; 17, 1888 in Boston, Dee. 22, 1888.
;
lieim, 1753 Cocehi, London, 1758 Scar-

; ; IT IS ENOUGH. See Es ist genug.
latti, Vienna, 17G0 Gassmann, Vienna,
; rVES, SBION, English composer of the
17G0 Schwanberg, Brunswick, 17GG Ga- 17th century, died in 1GG2. Vicar-choral of
; ;
luppi, 1775 Anfossi, London, 1784

; Flor- St. Paul's cathedral with Henry and Will-
; ;
ence, 1791 EUerton, London, 1825 von iam Lawes he comjiosed iu 1G33 the music
;
;
lyjiY
ior Sliii'ley's masque, The Triumph of Peace, and orchestra ; do. for violin ; Magnificat
performed at Court, 1G33-34. Ou the for chorus and orchestra ; 2 masses for male
suppression of choral service he became a voices ; Pianoforte music ; Part-songs, and
singing master. Ou the death of WilUam songs. —Athemeum (1881), ii. 473.
Lawes he wrote Lamentation and Mourn- JACKSON, WILLIA:\I, born at Es.etei;
ing, an elegy. Many of his catches and May 28, 1730, died there, July 12, 1803.
rounds are printed in Hilton's collection Violinist and dramatic composer, pufjil of
(1G52), Playford's Musical ComjJanion Silvester, organist of Exeter Cathedral, and
(1G72), and other collections. —
Grove Haw- in 1748 of John Travers, London
; taught ;
kins, V. 23 Burney, iii. 370.

; music in Exeter became master of the ;
IVEY, PAUL XAVIER D^SHllfi, Mar- choristers, lay vicar, and organist at Exeter
quis DE RICHAllD D', born at Beaune Cathedral in 1777. Works The Lord of :
(COte-d'Or), Feb. i, 1829, still living, 1889. the Manor, opera, given in London, 1780 ;
Amateur composer, settled in Paris in 18.54, The Metamorphoses, do., ib., 1783 Ode to ;
and studied comijosition with Aristide Hig- Fancy Lycidas The dying Christian to ; ;
uard, and couuterj)oiut with Leborne, hav- his Soul 14 Sonatas for the harpsichord ;
;
ing previously composed two comic opera.s. Madrigals Canzonets Hymns Anthems ; ; ;
—
Works Operas Fatma Quentiu Metzys and church services Songs. He published
:
; ;
(1854) La maisou du docteur, given at Observations on the present State of Music

;
Dijon, 1855 Omjjhale et PonL-lojje Lea in London (1791)

; Four Ages, together
; ;
amauts de Voroue, given at Duprez's school, with Essays on various subjects (1798).
18G7, under the pseudonym Richard Irvid, Grove Fetis Ban-ett, English Church — ; ;
and, rewritten and enlarged to five acts, at Composers, 136.

the Theatre Veutadour, Oct. 12, 1878 Con- JACKSON, WILLIAM, born at Masham,
;
cert overture (1847) ; Vocal melodies. —Fe- Yorkshire, England, Jan. 9, 181G, died at
tis. Supplement, ii. 15. Bradford, April 15, 186G. Organist, self-
RVAN IV. DER GIIAUSAME (Ivan the taught in counterjjoiut and harmony, and
Terrible), musical portrait for orchestra, by on several instruments ; became organist at
Anton Rubin.stein, op. 79, dedicated to Masham in 1832, at St. John's Church,
Count Wladimir Solohub. First performed Bradford, in 1852, of Horton Lane Chapel
in Vienna in 1870. Published by Bote & in 185G conducted the Bradford Choral ;
Bock (Berlin, 184G).— Neue Zeitschrift fiii- Union was chorus-master at the Bradford ;
Musik (1870), 412 Mus. Wochenblatt festivals in 1853, 185G, and 1859 was made
;
;
(1872), 149. conductor of the Festival Choral Society in

I WILL SING UNTO THE LORD. 185G. Works The Deliverance of Isi-ael
:
See Moses and the Childi'en of Israel. from Babylon, oratorio, 1845 Isaiah, do. ; ;
The Praise of Music, cantata ; The Year,

do.,1859 The 103d Psalm, for soli, cho-
;
JACKET ( Jaquet) . See Berchem ; Bu us. rus,and orchestra Mass Church services ; ; ;
JACKSON, ARTHUR HERBERT, Anthems, glees, and songs Maimal of Sing- ;
England, 1852, died in London, ing. Grove.

boi-n in —
Sept. 27, 1881. Pianist, pupil at the Royal JACOB, sacred cantata, text by MacCaul,
Academy of Music, where he won the bronze, music by Henry Smart, written for and
the silver, and the Lucas medals, and be- given at the Glasgow Festival, Nov. 7, 1873,
came professor of harmony and composition. .and repeated Nov. 7, 1874. Athenaeum —
Works: Jason and the Golden Fleece, can- (1873), ii. G04.
tata The Bride of Abydos, overture Inter-
; JACOB, BENJAMIN, born in London in
;
mezzo for orchestra Concerto for pianoforte 1778, died there, Aug. 24, 1829. Organ-
;
JACOB
ist, pupil of Willoiighby, Sbrubsole, and flutist, and vocal composer. During his
Arnold. Became Portland youth he travelled through Germany, France,
chorister at
Chapel at the age of seven, and organist of and Italy served for a while in the army of ;
Salem Chapel, Soho, when only ten after- the Republic of Venice, afterwards visited
;
wards organist at Carlisle Chapel, Bentinck Paris, Copenhagen, .and Stockholm, and
Cliapel, and Surrey Chapel ; conducted a lived at Kiel in 1651, when he was called
series of oratorios in gave organ re- to Liineburg to become cantor at the St.
1800 ;
citals in 1808, 1809, 1811, 1812, and 1814 Johannisschule. Several collections of his
;
became organist at St. John's, Waterloo sacred songs were published in 1651-63.
Road, in 1823. Works National Psalmody, He composed, 1653, the Singspiel, Das
:
a collection of tunes for every Sunday (Lon- Friedejauchzeude Teutschlaud. Fetis — ;
don, 1819) Dr. Watt's Divine and Moral Walther.

;
Songs, as solos, duets, and trios Glees and JACOBY (Jacobi), GEORGES, born in
;
Songs. —
Grove. Berlin, Feb. 13, 1840, still living, 1889. Vio-
JACOB, FRIEDRICH AUGUST LEBE- linist and dramatic composer. His parents
RECHT, born at Kroitzsch, near Liegnitz, settled in France while he was young pu- ;
Sile.sia, June 25, 1803. Vocal composer, pupil of Massart at the Conservatoire 2d ;
pil of the cantor Speer, and of Hentschel prize for violin in 1859, 1st prize in 1801.
in 1821 be became cantor and organist at About that time he entered the orchestra of
Kouradsdorf, where he was still in 1850. the Oj)i'ra, and in 1868 became chef d'or-
Works Choruses for male voices Various chestre at the Boufles Parisiens. He went
: ;
collections of songs for 1-4 voices, chiefly to Loudon in 1870, and in 1872 became con-
for use in schools Method of vocal instruc- ductor at the Alhambra. Works— Operettas
;
tion in popular schools. Fetis Mendel. — Le feu aux poudres, Paris, 1869 La nuit
; ;
JACOB, GUNTHER, Bohemian com- du 15 octobre, ib., Bouffes Parisiens, 1869 ;
poser of the first part of the 18tb century. The Blaek Crook (with Frederick Clay), Lou-
He was a Benedictine monk in Prague, don, 1872 Mariee depuis midi, monologue, ;
where his masses, psalms, Te Deums, and ib., 1873 La foret enchantee, ballet-panto- ;
other church music were published (1714- mime, ib., 1873 The Demon's Bride, fairy ;
20).— Fotis Gerber Wâlther.

; ; spectacle, ib., 1874 Cupid in Arcadia, bal- ;
JACOBETTI, PIETRO, born at Annico, let, ib., 1875 The Fairies' Home, do., ib., ;
near Cremona, Italy, second half of the 1870 Yolande, do., ib., 1877 Rothomago, ; ;
16th century. He was a priest at Ripatran- ib., 1879 L'arbre de Noel (with Lecocq), ;
sone, in the Papal States. His Lamenta- Paris, 1880 Le clairon, Paris, 1883 Fr6- ; ;
tiones, and other church compositions, were tillon, ib., 1884. Fetis, Supplement, ii. 17. —
jjublished in Venice (1589). Fetis. — JACOPO DA BOLOGNA, Italian com-
JACOBI, KONRAD, bom at Mainz in poser of the 14th century, history unknown.
1756, died at Dessau, July 11, 1811. Vio- He was contemporary with Francesco Lan-
linist, pupil of his father, who was Conzert- dino, surnamed il Cieco. Italian chansons
meister in Mainz. He became director of by him are preserved in the MS. depart-
music at the National theatres of Mainz and ment of the National Library, Paris. — Fetis.
Frankfort, and in 1802 of the court orches- JACOTIN, (JACOB GODEBRYE, called),
tra at Dessau. He composed concertos, born in Flanders between 1440 and 1450,
and other music for violin, still in MS. died at Antwerp, March 24, 1529. Contra-
— Gerber Mendel Schilling.
; ; puntist, was received as vicar choral in the
JACOBI, anCH.AEL, born in the Mark collegiale of Antwerp in 1479, soon after
of Brandenburg, early part of the 17th cen- became chaplain, and later on took orders.
turv, died at Liineburg in 1670. Violinist, He was one of the renowned musicians of
JACQMIN
his time, contemporary of Josqnin Desprus. at Weimar (1849) and finally studied com- ;
Of Lis compositious, motets are to be fouud position under Hauptmann at Leipsic, where
iu Petrucci's Motetti delta Corona (1519), he settled in 1852
in Attaignant's collections (1530-35), iu i
to teach music. He
Ott's Novum oi)usmusicum (1537), in 8alb- became conductor of
linger's Couceutus (1545) ; chansons in the Psalteriou in
Rliau's Bicinia gallica (1545), in Le Roy and 1866, Kapellmeister
Ballard's Chansons nouvellement comjjosues of the Euterpe in
(155G), and iu Ilecueil des recueils (15G3- 1867-69, and pro-
Gl) ; ^Masses for G voices (1510), in MS., are fessor of pianoforte,
iu the Santiui collection, Rome. — Futis. composition, c o u u -
JACQMIN, FR.^'VOIS, born Rouen, ter-point, and har-
at
July 28, 1793, died (?). Horn player and mony at the Con-
coniposer ;
pupil at the Conservatoire, Paris, servatorium in 1871.
of Dauprat ; first prize, 1818. He was
Next to Reinecke, he is at present the
iu
the orchestra of the Opera Comique over 25 foremost instructive jrower of that insti-
years, and from 1829also chef-de-musique tution. Among his compositions, distin-
of the Municipal Guard of Paris. Com- guished for bright, and often humorous,
posed duos coucertants, airs varies, and ideas, and faultless style, those iu canon form
fautaisies, and also published a method for are the most remarkable, and have earned
the horn (Paris, 1832).— Fetis Mendel him the nickname of the musical Ki-upp.
;
Schilling. Works: 3 symphonies, op. 24, 28, 50; 2

JACQU-WID, LEON
JEAN, born in overtures, op. 27, 37 4 serenades for or- ;
Paris, Nov. 3, 182G, died in Paris, March chestra, op. 42, 46, 47, 73 Serenade for ;
27, 188G. Violoncellist, pupil at Pout-le- string orchestra and flute, op. 80 2 Quin- ;
Voy, near Blois, of Hus-Desforges, and Au- tets for pianoforte and strings, op. 70, 76 ;
guste Levacq, then at the Conservatoire, Quartet for do., op. 77 4 trios for do., ;
Paris, of Norbliu obtained second prize in op. IG, 20, 59, 85

;
Quartet for strings, ;
1842, first prize iu 1844 about 1855 he op. 10 Cavatiua for violin with orchestra,
; ;
founded, with the violinist Armingaud, and op. 69 Concerto for pianoforte, op. 89 ; ;
with Mas and chamber Vergebung, Conzertstilck for chorus, so-

Sabatier, a club for
music, which soon numbered among the prano solo, and orchestra, op. 54 Verheis- ;
best in Paris in December, 1877, he be- sung, do., op. 55

;
Trostlied nach den Wor- ;
came professor of violoncello at the Con- teu der heiligeu Schrift, for do., op. 65 An ;
servatoire. He composed a number of mor- den Sturmwiud, for male chorus and orches-
—
ceaux de genre for his instrument. Fetis, tra, op. 61 The 100th psalm, for double ;
Supplement, ii. 17. chorus, couti-alto solo, and orchestra, op. 60 ;
JACQUES VAN ARTEVELDE, cantata, Gott is gross, Hynms for male chorus, with
text iu Flemish, nuisic by Oevaert, written 2 horns, and 3 troiubones, op. 45 ;
jMotet for
iu 18G3 for the inauguration of a statue to male voices, op. 38a do. for mixed chorus, ;
Jac(|ues van Artevelde. Performed also in op. 44 do. for female chorus, op. 84 ^lany ; ;
Mons, Belgium, at the grand national pianoforte pieces, and songs. Fotis do..
Gtli — ;
festival, July C, 1879. Supplement, ii. 18 Mendel Riemann. ; ;
JADASSOHN, SALOMON, born at Bres- JADIN, HYACINTHE, born at Versailles

Pian- in 17(59, died in Paris in October, 1800.
lau, Sept. 15, 1831, still living, 1889. Pi-
ist,pupil of Hesse, on the violin of Liist- anist, brother of Louis Emmanuel, pupil of
ner, and iu harmony of Brosig then at the his father, Jean Jadin, and of HiSllmaudel ;
;
Leipsic Conservatorium (1848), and of Liszt professor of pianoforte at the Conservatoire

JADIN
from its foundation. He playoil with great ib., 1805 La partie dc campagno, ib., 1810 ; ;
success at the Concerts Fejdeau in 17t)G- L'auteur nialgrc lui, ou la pii-ce tombce,
97. Works Overture for wind instru- ib., 1812 L'iuconnu, ou le coup d'epee via-
: ;
ments 4 concertos for pianoforte and or- ger, ib., 1816 Fanfan et Colas, ib., 1822
;
;
;
chestra 12 quartets for strings, op. 1, 2, 3, L'heureux stratagi'me, Acadc'mie Itoyale de

;
4 6 trios for do.

; 3 books of sonatas for Musique, 1791 Le siege de ThionviUe, ib.,
;
;
violin and pianoforte 5 sonatas for piano- 1793 MahonietlL, ib., 1803 Mon cousin de
; ; ;
forte Sonata for do. (4 hands). Fi'tis.

; —
Paris, Theatre des Variete.s, 1810 Guerre ;
JADIN, LOUIS EMMANUEL, born at ouverte, ou ruse contre ruse, Theatre de la

Versailles, Sept. 21, 17G8, died in Paris, Cour, 1788 Les arts et I'amitie, Opera Co- ;
April 11, 18.53. Dramatic composer, sou of, mique, 1807 Hymne a J. J. Rousseau, ;
and first instructed on the violin hj, Jean 1794. Cantatas Le chant de I'esclave af- :
Jadin, who was page de la musique to Louis franchie, Opera, 1794 Hommage a Marie- ;
XVI. then pupil of his brother Hyacinthe Louise, 1810 Le serment franyais. Thea-
; ;
on the pianoforte. In 1789 he became ac- tre Feydeau, 1814 La fete du roi, Opei-a, ;
companist at the ThOatre de Monsieur, just 1817; Le serment des gai-des, ib., 1821;
organized, and in 1792 joined the band Les defenseurs de la foi, 1822 Choruses ;
of the national guard, for which he com- with orchestra La bataille d'Austerlitz, ;
posed many marches, hymns, and patri- symphony for full orchestra Symphonic ;
otic airs. In 1802 he succeeded his brother militaire, for wind instruments 2 over- ;
as professor at the Conservatoire, in 1806 tures for do. ; Suites for do. ; 3 concertos
became chef d'orchestre at the Theatre for pianoforte with orchestra ; Sextets, quin-
Molicre, and in 1814-30 was master of the tets, and other chamber music ; Sonatas,
royal music pages. Legion of Honour in duos, fantaisies, etc., for pianoforte and
1824. Works Operas Constance et Ger- — : other instruments ; 14 collections of airs for
mond, given at the Tht'iitre des Jeunes Ar- one voice, and of romances, nocturnes, etc.,
tistes, 1790 La religieuse dauoise, ou la
; for 2 voices. —
Fetis; do., Supplement, ii.
cominuuavitc de Copenhague, 1791 Le due ; 18 Gerber.
;
de Woltza, Thc'atre Montansier, Le coucou, JADIS REGNMT EN NORMANDEE.

il).,1798 Les trois jiretendus, ib., 1805 See Robert
;
; le Diable.
Jocoude, Theatre de Monsieur, 1790 La JAELL, ; ALFRED, born at Trieste,
suite d' Annette et Lubin, ib., 1791 II Si- ; March 5, 1832, died
gner di Pursognac, Araclie de Montfort, L'a- in Paris, Feb. 27,
vare puni, 1792 Alisbelle, ou les crimes
ib., ; 18S2. Virtuoso ou
de la fi'odalitL', Theatre National, 1794 ;
the pianoforte, son
Les talismans, Thi'atre des Amis de la Patrie, and pupil of the vio-
1793 Le hcros de la Durance, ou Agricole
; linist Eduard Jaell
Viala, ib., 1794 Le coin du feu, Le con- ; (duector of music in
gres des rois collaboration with others).
(in \ lenua, died in Sep-
Theatre Favart, 1793 Le nugociant de Bos- ; tembei", then
1849),
ton, Locolier en vacances, ib., 1794 Le ; pupil Czerny in
of
Cabaleur, La supercherie par amour, ib., Vienna. He appeared in public at Venice
1795 Le mariage de la veille, ib., 1796 when only eleven, played with success in
;
;
Les deux lettres, ib., 1797 L'apotheose du Milan, Vienna, Munich, Stuttgart, and Co-
;
jeune Barra, Thuatre Feydeau, 1793 Le logne, lived in Brussels in 1845-46, in Paris ;
lendemaiu de noces, ib., 179G Caudos, ou and Holland in 1847-49, then travelled in
;
les sauvages du Canada, Les bons voisins, America, in Germany, Poland, Russia, and
ib., 1797 Le grand-pere, ou les deux siges. Italy in 1854-60, in England, 1862; be-
;
JA
came court King of Hanover
i:)ianist to the JAGER, FRANZ, born in Vienna in 179G,
in 185G, Holland and Paris in
lived in died at Stuttgart, May 10, 1852. Tenor
18G0-62, Vienna, 1863, and accomimnied singer and vocal composer. A poor cob-
Carlotta Patti on her concert tour in 1804- bler, ho was heard singing at his work by
Co. In 18G6 lie man-ied the jsianist Marie Weigl, who recognized his talent and
Trautmann, with whom he travelled, princi- taught him singing. He made his debut
pally in France, winning new laurels in at Vienna as Ramiro in Isouard's Aschen-
Paris, 187o-7G. Works Potpoui-ris Tran- : ; brijdel in 1817, and was considered the
scrijitious Fantasias and ca23rices on opera
; best singer in Vienna until 1824, when he
airs Morceaus de salon. Fetis, Siipph'-
; — went to Berhn. He was in Stuttgart in
ment, ii. 19 Mendel "Wurzbach Hanslick,
; ; ; 1828, in Munich in 1831 ; was appointed
Couzertwesen in "Wien, ii. 187 Illustr. ; teacher of singing at the royal theatre of
Zeitg. (1858), 383. Stuttgart, when his voice was in the de-
JA, ES SOLLEN WOHL
BERGE, bass cline, in 1836. He composed about 25
arioso of Elias,withoboe obligato, in F major, Lieder, the best known
of which, Der
in Mendelssohn's Elia.<, Part H. (No. 37). Traum des was popular long
ersten Kusses,
JAITE, MORITZ, born at Posen, Jan. after his death. —
Mendel ;Fetis Wurzbach. ;
3, 1835, still living, 1889. Violinist, pupil JAGUARITA LDsDIENNE, French opc-
in Berlin of Eies on the violin, and of Buh- ra-comique in three acts and four tableaux,
mer in theory, then in Paris (1858) of text by De Saint-Georges and Do Leuveu,
IMaurin and Massard on the violin, and of music by Halevy, first represented at the
Hauptner in comjiosition, finally in Berlin Theatre Lyrique,' Paris, May 14, 1855. Pub-
of Laub, and of Wiierst and Bussler in lished by 'Bote & Bock (Berlin, 1855-59).
countcriôint and instrumentation. In com- — Revue et Gazette Musicale de Paris (1855),
Ijliance with his father's wishes, he was a 153.
business man until 1870, when he devoted J.mN, OTTO, born at Kiel, June IG,
himself exclusively to music. Works Das 1813, died at GOttingeu, Sept. 9, 1869.
:
Kiithchen von Heilbronn, oj)era, given at Writer on art and music, and vocal com-
Augsburg, 18G6 Eckehard, do., Berlin, poser. He studied at Kiel, Leipsic, and
;
1875 Quartet for strings Ileverie, and Berlin, travelled, 183G-39, in France and
;
;
other music for violin Mendel.

; Songs. —
Italy, then settled at Kiel as private instruc-
J AG ARTE, MANGEL,
born in Spain tor of philology became professor of ai'- ;
about 179G, died at St. Sebastian in 1819. chaiology at Greifswald in 1842, director of
Violinist, studied at Bordeaux, and became the archjeological Museum at Leipsic in

a finished performer. His most important 1847, was dismissed for political reasons in
works were a Requiem mass, given at St. 1851, and appointed professor of classical
Sebastian in commemoration of August 31, philology and archreology, and director of
1813, and the ojiera, L' Infante di Zamora the ai-t museum at Bonn in 1855. His Life
(Madrid, posthumous). —Fetis, Sup2)lemeut, of Mozart contains an interesting description
ii. 19. of the state of music during the period im-
JAGD, DIE, German Singspiel in three mediately preceding that master's time. Ho
acts, text by Chr. Fr. Weisse, on La caccia published an essay on Mendelssohn's Paulus
d' Eurico IV., music by Johann Adam Hiller, (Kiel, 1842), and other interesting musical
first represented in Leij^sic in 1771. Per- essays. As a comiôser he is favourably
formed in Berlin, Nov. C, 1813. It is the known by four collections of original songs,
most popular of Hiller's fourteen Siugspiele, and a book of four-part songs for mixed
—
and is still jierformed. Allgem. mus. Zei- voices. —
Allgem. d. Biogr., xiii. Qi^S Kunst- ;
tuug (15), 71L Ghronik, v. 19 Mendel Riemann.

; ;
JAITXS
J^VHNS, FRIEDRICH \YILHEL:M, Iwni J.mRESZEITEN, DIE, oratorio, text

in Berlin, Jan. 2, 1801), died there, Aug. 8, by Baron van Sudeten, from Thomson's
1888. and vocal composer,
Instrumental "The Seasons," music by Haydn, com-
singer, and pianist, pupil of Charles De- posed between 1798 and 1801, and similar
troit on the pianoforte, of Eduard Grell in form to both oratorio and cantata. First
and Stilmer in singing, and of Louis Hor- performed at the Schwarzenberg Palace,
zizky on the pianoforte and in theory. He Vienna, by the private orchestra of the
sang at an early age in the chorus of the Prince, April 24, 1801, and repeated April
royal opera, won applause as a concert 27, and May 1. On May 29 Haydn con-
singer, and became a favorite vocal teacher ducted this work in public in the Redou-
in Berlin, where he trained more than 900 tensaal, Vienna, and in December, 1801,
pupils. In IS-IS he founded a singing gave the original score to the Toukiinstler
society, and was its conductor until De- Societiit of Vienna. The work is divided
cember, 1870. In 1819 he was ajipoiuted into four parts : Sjsring ; Summer ; Au-
royal director of music, in 1870 jirofessor, tumn and Winter. Characters represented
; :
and from 1881 was instructor of rhetoric Simon, a farmer ; Jane, his daughter ; Lu-
in Scharwenka's Couservatorium. He ac- cas, a shepherd, and a chorus of country
quired a lasting reputation by his Published in Vienna
esjê- people and hunters.
cial enthusiasm for Weber, which led him 1802-3 by Clemeuti in 1813. An edition ;
to accumulate a imique collection of that was published by the Rev. John Webb, and
composer's works, now in the royal library one by Prof. E. Taylor (London, 1840-41).
at Berlin. His volume, C. M. von Weber A selection from Spring was given at the
ill seinen Werken, is the best publication Birmingham Festival (England) in 1817,
on that composer, and a model as a thematic and Spring and Summer were produced
catalogue it was followed in 1873 by a
; there in 1820. Performed entire by the
sketch of Weber's life. His arrangements Sacred Harmonic Society, London, Dec.
for the pianoforte, of other composers' 5, 1851, Miss Birch, Mr. Lockey and Mr.
works, rank among the very best, and those Philil)s appearing. First sung by the Han-
of Weber's compositions are again the most del and Haydn Society of Boston, April 28,
important. Works Trio : for jjianoforte and 1875.— Allgem. mus. Zeitung (3), 575 (C), ;
strings, op. 10 Grand

; sonata for piano- 513; Athenreum (1851), 1318; Hanslick,
forte and violin, op. 32 ; Grand duo for pi- Conzertweseu in Wien, ii. 230 ; Upton,
anoforte and violoncello, op. 33 ; Heeres- Standard Oratorios, 170.
Auszug and Heimkehr, 2 festival marches JAKABOWSKI, EDUARD, dramatic
for pianoforte (1 hands), op. 49 and 50 composer, contempor-
Over 150 vocal compositions for one and arj-, lives in London.
more voices, including several for the He author of Er-
is
church.— Mendel Fetis, Supplement, ii. IS.
; minie, a musical com-
JAHRESZEITEN, DIE (The Seasons), edy, text by Harry
symphony in B minor by Spohr, op. 143, Paulton, tirst repre-
firstperformed in Cassel in 1850. Part I. sented at the Comedy
Winter, transition to spring, Spring Part ; Theatre, London, Nov.
IL Summer, transition to autumn. Autumn. 9, 1885. The libretto
First performed by the New York Philhar- from
is borrowed
monic Society in the season of 1853-54. L'auberge des Adrets,
The composer's ninth symphony. Pub- a drama by Daumier,
*
lished by C. F. Peters (Leipsic). — Spolu-, the English adaptation of which, entitled

Autobiograjihy, ii. 295. Robert Macaire, was made by Charles Selby.
JAMBE-DE-FER
Enniiiie was first given in New York, at
the his name known throughout Germany.
Casino, March 10, 18SGhas since —Gerber (1790), i. G,S5 Allgem. d. Biogr.,
; and it ;
been perfonned, there and elsewhere in the xiii. 710 Mendel do., Erguuz., 1G8 Wiu- ; ; ;
United States, hj two companies, more than terfeld, ii. 559.

1,500 times. Another operetta by Jaka- JAXCOURT, LOULS MAEHD EUGflNE,
bowski, entitled Paolo, text also by Paul- born at Chateau-Thien-y (Aisne), France,
ton, is announced as in preparation. Dec. 15, 1815, still living, 1889. Bassoon
J.UIBE-DE-FER, PHILIBERT, French player, pupil at the Paris Conservatoire
composer of the IGth century, born at from 1834 under Gebauer won 1st prize ;
Lyons. Ho was one of the early jirofessors for bassoon, 1836. La 1848 he became
of the Reformed religion, and lived some in-ofessor of the bassoon at the Brussels
time at Poictiers, where he composed mu- Conservatoire ; then played at the Opi-ra
sic for Jean Poictevin's translation of the Comique and the Italiens, Paris, and later
Psalms (154:9). It is not known whether professor at the Paris Consei-vatoire. He
he was one of the victims of St. Bartholo- has effected many important changes in the
mew's Day (1572), or whether he died be- mechanism of his instrument, and has writ-
fore that date. He set the music to Les ten much music for it, as well as for military
cent et ciuquante psaulmes de David mis band. — FOtis ; do.. Supplement, ii. 21 ; La-
en rimes francaises par Ck'ment Marot et rousse.
Theodore de Beze (Palis, 15G1 Lyons, ; JANIEW7CZ (Yaniewicz), FELIX, born
15G4).—Fctis Mendel Gerber Schilling.
; ; ; at Wilua about 1761, died at Edinburgh
JAMES L, King of Scotland, born at in 1848. Violinist and composer. Visited
Dunfermline in 1394, murdered at Perth, Italy later went to Paris, where he ap-
;
Feb. 21, 1437. Virtuoso on the hai-p, and peared at the Concerts Sjiirituels and at the
seven other instruments, composer and poet Olympian concerts. About 1792 he went
of sacred and national songs. He greatly to London and played in Salomon's and
improved the church music of the Scots, Rauzzini's concerts, and was one of the
and has been credited, though without good thirty original members of the London
reason, as the inventor of the Scottish style Philharmonic Society. He settled in Edin-
of melody. —
Archaologia Scotica, i. 471. burgh in 1815. Works Concertos for vio- :
JANT (Janus), M.VRTIN, born at Jlerse- lin and orchestra Trios for violin.- Fetis ; — ;
burg in 1G20, died at Ohlau in 1GS2. His Grove Sowinski, 585. ;
first known work is ^lusikalische Jubel- .LVNITSCH, .AN'TOX, born in Switzer-

freude for 7, 10, 15, 20, 22, 24, and more land in 1753, died at Steinfurt, Westphalia,
voices, and basso continuo, in 1, 2, 3, 4, March 12, 1812. Violinist, played so well
5, and 6 choirs, preserved in the library of when twelve j'ears old that his father sent
Konigsberg. As a candidate of for two years under
theology him to Turin to study
he was cantor and music director in both Pugnani. In 17G9 he was engaged as Con-
churches of Sorau, and rector of the evan- zertmeister by the Elector of Treves his ;
gelical school in Sagan in 1653, where he fame as violinist had spread, and he entered
published a dirge in 1G54. He was cantor the service of the Count of Oettingen-Wal-
also of the church near the Ecksdorf Gate, lenstein, but soon after left it to accept the
and afterwards pastor. In 1GG8 he was more advantageous position as orchestra
driven from Sagan with the other Lutheran director at Grossman's theatre in Hanover,
ministers, and later became cantor in Ohlau. where he remained until 1794, and then
His Passionale melicum (1G52), and his became Kapellmeister to the Count of
hymn, Jesu meiner Seelen Wonne, com- Burgsteinfurth. Of his compositions for
posed in IGGS and published in 1G71, made violin, generally commended, only two con-
!
JANITSCII
certos and a trio were publisbeil. Fetis —

masses for 4-8 voices with organ
;
8 do. ;
Meodel Scliilliug. ; for sevei-al voices and instruments 3 do. ;
JANITSCH, J O H A N N GOTTLIEB, for 4 voices a cajipella 2 do. for tenor and ;
born at Schweitluitz, Silesia, June 19, 1708, bass Mass for soprano aud bass Pastoral
; ;
died in Berlin iu 17G3. Double-bass player, mass Te Deum for 16 voices Magnificat, ; ;
and church composer, studied music iu the Dixit Domiuus, Tu es Petrus, for do. 32 ;
college of Breslau went to Frankfort-on- psalms for 4-8 voices 10 do. with orches-
; ;
the-Oder to study law, and while there com- tra 12 motets for 2-6 voices 4 do. for 4
; ;
posed some of his best music. He was voices 57 ofifertories and anthems for 3-8 ;
seci'etary to the minister von Happe, sub- voices L' Agonia di Gesh Christo, oratorio ;
sequently Kapellmeister to the Crown for 2 tenors and bass Ecce terrio motus, ;
Prince, afterwards Friedrich II., and went for 6 bass voices Afferentur Regi, for 4 ;
with him to Berlin in 1740, where he was voices, and 2 choruses Canon for G4 voices ; ;
appointed director of the Eedoutenmusik. 2 canons for IG voices other canons, etc. ;
Works : 10 sacred cantatas ;

Quartets All these are iu the Sautini Collection,
Serenades Te Deum. His funeral music Rome. Ft-tis Mendel Schilling.
;
— ; ;
was much used ou public occasions. Fctis —

J.ANNEQUIN (Jauequin, Jennekin), CLl5-
Gerber Schilling.
; MENT, Belgian or French contrapuntist
JANKE, GUSTAV, born in Berlin, Nov. of the IGth century. A pujiil of Josquin
22, 1838, still living, 1889. Pianist and Desprc'S, he was a follower of Gombert in
violinist, pupil at Stern's Conservatorium, seems
the art of writing descriptive music ;
Berlin, where he has been instructor of pi- to have been director of church music at
anoforte since 18G1. He was solo player Lj'ons, and first a CathoHc, then a Calvin-
at the Stem concerts in 1874-75, and con- ist. Works jNIotets (Paris, 1533) French : ;
ducted these concerts also during that time. songs (Paris, 1537) Canzoui fraucesi (Ven- ;
He has comijosed studies and other compo- ice, 1538) Inventions musicales (Lyons, ;
sitions for the pianoforte, music for the 1544) Le caquet des femmes Le chant du ; ;
choir of the royal church, Berlin, and Lie- rossignol Le chaut de I'alouette La chasse ; ;
dei', and has arranged several classical au cerf La bataille, ou dc'faite des Suisses a ;
works for orchestra.— Mendel. la jourm'e de jNIarignan Voulez ouyr les cris ;
JANNACONI (Jauacconi, Januacconi), de Pai-is "Shmj collections of songs Church ; ;
GIUSEPPE, born in Rome in 1741, died music, psalms, etc. Fc'tis Mendel Pie- — ; ;
there, March 16, 1816. Church composer, man n.

one of the last of the Roman school, pupil JANSA, LEOPOLD, born at WUden-
of Soccorso Eiualdini, and Gaetano Car- schwert, Bohemia, in 1797 (or 1794?), died
pini. Allied iu close friendship with in Vienna, Jan. 25, 1875. Violinist, first in-
Pasquale Pisari, he arranged with him iu structed in his native town by oue Jahada,
score a gi-eat portion of Palestrina's works, and the organist Zizius, his cousin, then
with such thorough knowledge and skill as studied at Briinu, and iu 1817 went to Vi-
to be declared by Pisari the most worthy cuna to study law, but two years after
to propagate the traditions of the old Ro- devoted himself to music, which he had
man school. He established a school for already
taught, aud became a pupil of
composition, which was much frequented Worzischek on the violin, aud of Emanuel
by Italians as well as foreigners, and pro- Foi'ster in thorough-bass and composition.
duced such pupils as Baini and Francesco Soon esteemed as a virtuoso nest to Mayse-
Basili. In 1811 he was appointed maestro der and B')hm, he went to Hungary in
di cappella at St. Peter's, succeeding Ziu- 1823 as chamber musician to the Count von
garelli. Works Mass for 16 voices 16 Brunswick, aud in 1824 entered the imperial
: ;
JAN SEN"
orchestra in Vienna was appointed direc- Works Sonatas for pianoforte Rondeaux,
; :
;
tor of music, and professor of the violin in polonaises, airs varies, for do. Themes ;
the University of Vienna in 1834. Having varit's for violin, with quartet Various ;
assisted at a concert for the benefit of pieces for wind instruments. Fctis Schil- — ;
the Hungarian insurgents in London, in ling Wurzbach. ;
1849, he was exiled, and lived in London, JANSON, JEAN BAPTISTE MMfi
teaching the violin and playing in concerts JOSEPH, born at Valenciennes in 1742,
until 18G8, when he returned to Vienna. died in Paris, Sei^t. 2, 1803. Violoncellist,
Works i concertos for violin and orches- pupil of Berteau. He was first heard in pub-
:
tra; Eondeau concertant for 2 violins and lic at the Concerts Spu-ituels in 1760. In
do., op. 33 ; 8 quartets for strings, op. 8, the following year he travelled through Italy
12, and 44 ; 3 trios for do., op. 41 ; 3G with the hereditary jjrince of Brunswick, re-
duos for turned to Paris in 1771, then visited Ger-
violins, op. IG, 3G, 43, 4G, 47, .50 ;
many soli, many, Denmark, Sweden, and Poland, and

fautaisies, airs varii's, etc., for vio-
lin, with pianoforte 2 cantatas Graduale returned to Paris again in 1789.
; ; When the
for 4 male voices, op. 6 Oflertory for tenor Conservatoii-e was founded he was ajtpointed
;
and violin solo, chorus, and orchestra, op. professoi', but lost his position at the time
17.—Fetis Mendel
; Schilling Wasie- of the reorganization in 1802, and is said
; ;
lewski, Die Violine, 358 Wurzbach. to have died of grief.

; He formed excellent
JANSEN, GUSTAV, born at Dortmund, pupils. Works 6 quartets for strings, op. :
Westphalia, in 1817, still living, 1889. Pi- 1 ; G concertos for violoncello and bass, op.
anist, pupil of his father ; studied in 1840 3 & 7 ; 6 sonatas for do., op. 4 ; G concertos
in Berlin, where he became a teacher. In for violoncello with orchestra, op. 15. His
1S49 he went to London with Lord West- brother and pupil, Louis Auguste Joseph
moreland, but after a few years returned to (born at Valenciennes, July 8, 1749, died in
Berlin, where he has since resided. Woi-ks Paris, about 1818) (?), also an excellent vio- :
Anhaug zu Beethoven's Sonateu, loncellist, went to Paris in 1783, and was a

Clavier
(1861) Collections of Lieder with piano- member of the Opera orchestra in 1789-1815.
;
forte accomijauiment, of which the Goethe He published 6 sonatas for violoncello and
Album (1863) is the best—Mendel ; Fetis, bass ; 6 trios for strings. — Fi^tis ; Mendel.
Supplement, ii. 22. JANSSENS, JEAN FRANrOIS JO-
JANSEN, GUSTAV F., born at Jever, SEPH, born in Antwerp, Jan. 29, 1801,
Hanover, Dec. 1.5, 1889. died there, Feb. 3, 1835.
1831, Dramatic com-
still living,
Composer, pupil Coccius on poser, pupil of his father (director of music

at Leipsic of
the pianoforte, and Riccius in harmony. at St. Charles's, Antwerp), and of de La'uw,
Went to GOttingen to teach music, became (Kaiêlmeester of St. Paul's Church), then in
organist of the cathedral at Verdeu in 1855 Paris pupil of Lesueur. On his return, he ;
received the Music Director from studied law to gratify his family, was notary
title of
the King of Hanover in 1861. Wôrks at Hobokeu, near Antwerp, in 1826, at Ber- :
Pianoforte music Songs; Transcriptions for chem, in 1829, and at Antwerp, in 1831
;
the pianoforte. Mendel. — but devoted much of his time to composi-

JANSEN, JOHANN ANTON FRIED- tion. During the siege of Antwerp, in 1832,
RICH, born in Germany of Danish parents he went to Cologne where, losing his manu-
age, died in Milan in April, 1827. Pianist, scripts and other valuables in a lire, which
studied in Vienna. He went to Venice as broke out on the night of his arrival, he
music teacher, and thence to Milan in 1817, lost his mind and died soon after. His worth
but was verj' unsuccessful, lived in want as a composer was recognized after his
and misery, and died actually of hungex-. death. Van der Straeteu published a bio-
JAPART
gnipliy iu wbicli a full list of his works is JA TAUSENDMiVL TAUSEND, tenor
given. Works — Operas : Le pure rival, La aria in G major, with accompaniment of
jolie fiancee, giveu at Antwerp, 1824 Les violins in uni.son, and continuo,
; in Johann
trois hussards, Gillette de Narbonue, uii- Sebastian Bach's cantata, " GoU fiihret auf
publislied ; Les Grecs, ou Missolonglii, mit Jauchzen," Part I.
cantata with orcbestra ;
"Winterarmoede, JAUCH, JOHANN NEPOMUK, born at
do. Le roi, ode Le lever du soleil, sym-
;
; Strasburg, Jan. 25, 1793, died (?). Pianist,
phony for grand orchestra Symphony ; pupil of Spindler. He was appointed in

(prize at Ghent) ; 5 masses for voices 1811 professor at the normal primary school
and orchestra Te Deum for do., with of Strasburg and in 1830 opened a school
; ;
chorus; About 25 motets, psalms, hymns, for pianoforte which has turned out many
and anthems, with orchestra Romances. finished performers. Works Concertos for ; :
— Genard, Janssens (.Yutwerjj, 1859) Heud- pianoforte Fantaisies and variations for ; ;
rickx. Simple histoire. Boutades biogra- do. solo, or with clarinet and flute Sonatas ;
phiques, etc. (ib., 18G0) Van der Straeten, and rondos for do. Offertories for wind
;
;
J. R J. Janssens (Brussels, 18GG). instruments ; Collection of organ pieces,

JEAN, Belgian comjjoser of the
J.YPAliT, op. 40.— Fetis.
15th century who lived in Italy. He was a JAVAULT, LOUIS, French composer,
singer in the royal chapel of the Duke of lived iu Paris beginning of the present cen-
Ferrara, and was a colleague of Josquiu Des- tury. He played different wind instru-
prcs, who dedicated chanson frau- ments, and after having been a member of
to him a
yaise which is still in existence. Little several regimental bands became sous-chef
else is known of Japart his compositions, of that of the Imperial Guard.
; Works 20 :
which display all the mannerisms common suites de pieces for wind instruments ;
to many of the composers of that time, are Marches and quicksteps for do.; Fantai-
found in the Odhecatou (Petrucci, 1501- sies for do.; Fanfares for three horns,
1503).— Fctis Van der Straeten, vi. 101.
; four trumpets, and trombone 6 sextets ;
JARNOVICK. See Giornovicchi. for clarinet, flute, oboe, horn, and two bas-
JASON, dramatic cantata, by Alexander soons Trios for clarinet, horn and bassoon ; ;
Camjibell Mackenzie, first given at the Bris- 3 quartets for horns. Fetis. —
tol (England) Festival, Oct. 17, 1882 by JAVUREK (Jawurek), JOSEPH, born at ;
the Hackney Choral Association, London, Ledecz, near Kuttenberg, Bohemia, Sept.
Feb. 25, 1881.— Athemeum (1881), i. 289. 21, 1719, died at Prague in May, 1805.
JASPAR, ANDRE, born at Liege, Dec. Violinist, received his musical training
18, 1791, died at Angleur, near Liege, June w^hile a choir-boy in the Jesuits' seminary
27, 18G3. Violoncellist, \)Vi\)\\. of Harsens ; at Kuttenberg, and then at St. Weuceslaus's,
about 1830 he was chosen to conduct the Prague. He became violinist iu the 02)era
Concerts of the Societc d'Emulatiou, and of orchestra and director of music at the Car-
the Sociti'te de Gretry (1831). He was mai- melites, at St. Cajetan's, and St. Joseph's
tre de chapelle of the Cathedral of Lioge, on the Kleinseite, but when these convents
1810-56. Works Folic du Tasse, sym- were suspended, he lost all his places at
:
phony for orchestra Retour des champs, once and fell into bitter need. He com-
;
do. Orage, do.

; Le barde eburon, do. posed concertos, sonatas, and trios for the
;
Symphony, No. 6 Alma Redemptoris, an- violin. Dlabacz AVurzbach.

; — ;
them for tenor solo, chorus, and orchestra JEAN DE NIVELLE, opera-comique iu ;
Te Deura for do.; S.alve Regina for do.; 12 three acts, text by Edmond Gondinet and
motets for one and two voices 12 melodies Phillippe Gille, music by Ll'o Delibes, first
;
for violin, with pianoforte 3 books of do. represented at the Opera Comique, Paris,
;
JEAN
March 8, 1880. The Hbretto deals witli the Senechal, Martin L'Aubergiste, Juliet ;
story of Jean, son of the Due ile Moiituio- Ollivier, Mme Gavaudin La Princesse de ;
reucy, who abandons the Hag of his father Navarre,

Mile Regnault Laurette, ^Xlme ;
and joins the revolted princes against Louis Alexandrine Saiut-Aubin. Published by
XI. under the banner of the Comte de Kiihnel (Leipsic, 18i;i Peters, Leipsic ;
Cliarolais, whose chamberlain he becomes. Schott, Mainz and Diabelli et Cie (Vienna, ;
Published by Heugel et fils (Paris, 1880). 1844). The same subject has been treated
— Clement, Die, 91G Signale (1880), 3G9
; ;
also iu Giauni di Parigi, text by Roniani,
Eevue et Gazette Musicale de Paris (1880), music by Morlacchi, iNIilan, May 30, 1818 ;
81 Le Menestrel (1880), No. 15.

; by Speranza, Naples, August, 183G and by ;
JEAN DE PARIS, opera-comique iu two Donizetti, Milan, Sept. 10, 1839.— Pougin,
acts, text by Saint-Just, music by Boieldieu, Boieldieu, 130 Clement et Larousse, 375 ;
;
first represente<l at the Theatre Feydeau, Allgem. Mus. Zeitung (15), 70S (31), 840 ; ;
Paris, April 4, 1812 ; Englisli translation Neue Frei Presse (Vienna), Nov. 30, 1879.
JEANNE D'ARC, .symphonic poem, by
Georges Jeau Pfeififer, oi). 23.
JEANNE D'ARC,
incidental music by
Gounod, to Jules Barbier's drama iu 5 acts,
first performed at the Gaiete, Paris, Nov.
8, 1873. Given at St. James's Hall, Lon-

don, Feb. 7, 1874, Gounod conducting.
This drama had previously Ijeen performed
music by Serpette
as a cantata, \Yith (Paris,
1871).— Athenfcum (1874), i. 233.
JEANNOT ET COLIN, opera-comique,
text by Etieune, music by Nicolo Isouard,
represented at the Theatre Feydeau, Paris,
Oct. 17, 1814. Represented in Vienna,
Nov. 9, 1815. Revived in Paris iu June,
1850.— Allgem. ]Mus. Zeitung (17), 851.
JEEP (not Jepp), JOHANN, boru at
Drausfeld, near Giit-
tingen, about 1592,
died at U m
1 in
1650 (?).One of the
best German vocal
composers of first
part of the 17th

century ; lived in
and adaptation, by Henry R. Bishop, Lon- Bavaria and Wiir-
don, 1814. One of Roieldieu's most popu- temberg during his
lar productions. Subject the Dauphin of youth.
: He was
France ti'avela as Jean, a bourgeois of Paris, Kapellmeister to the Coimt von Hohenloho,
to visit incognito his betrothed bride, the at Weikersheim, from about 1G07-9, and
Princess of Navarre. The cavatiua, "Quel was settled at Nuremberg in IGIO. Little
plaisir d'etre en voyage" was transferred is known of his life ; his compositions were
to this work from Boieldicu's Tek'maque. especially dear to the people of Germany,
Original cast Jeau de Paris, Elleviou
: Le ; particularly students, aud went through
JEKYLL
many editions, from 1G07 to 1021. Known at the maitriseof the cathedral of Toulouse,
works Geistliebe Psalmc unci Kirclien- made hisdrbut at the Ojit'ra, Pari.s, in 1733,
:
gesiinge Dr. Martin Luthcrs, etc. (Nurem- and sang there with success until 1755. He
berg, 1G07) Sclioene auserleseue lieblicLe
;
comiôsed a ballet, Zelisca, for the marriage
Tricinia, etc. (ib., 1610-lGll) ;
Studenten- of the Dauphin, father of Louis XVI.
Gartleins erster Tlieil, etc. (ib., 1G07) do., (1745) and many chansons which Laborde
; ;
auderer Theil (ib., 1000) Cliristliches praises.

;
Fctis Larousse Mendel. — ; ;
Gesang-Biichleiu (Ulm, 1(548). The Stu- JENIONS, JOHN, born at Maidstone,

dents' garden was republished six times. Kent, in 1592, died at Kimberly, Norfolk,
There is a coiiy of the first part, and one of Oct. 27, 1678. Virtuoso on the viola di
tlie second part, bearing difterent dates, in gamba. Was musician to Charles I. and
the University Library of Gijttingen. He Charles H. Works Twelve Sonatas for
:
was honoured long after his death his por- ; two Violins and a Base, with a Thorough
trait was painted by TJlrich in 1613. All- — Base for the organ or Theorbo The Mitter ;
gem, d. Biog., xiii. 750 Monatshefte f. ; Rant, The Fleece Tavern Rant, The Peter-
Mu.s., viii. 31, 37 Mendel do., Ergiinz.,
; ; borough Rant The Lad}' Katherine Aud-
;
171 ; AVinterfeld, Kirchengesaug, ii. 27. ley's Bells, or. The Five Bell Consort (1662) ;
JEKYLL, CHARLES SHERWOOD, An Elegy on the death of William Lawes

born in Westminster, (1648) Songs, among others the rounds,
;
Loudon, Nov. 29, " A boat, a boat," and "Come, pretty maid-
1842, still living, 1889. ens." Fctis Grove Mendel Riemann. — ; ; ;
Organist, pupil of JENNY BELL, ojiera-comique in three

James Coward, and acts, text by Scribe, music b}' Auber, fii-st
Sir G. A. Macfarren ;
represented at the OpiJra Comique, Paris,
organist in June 2, 1855.
assistant The scene is in England, the
Westminster Abbey, characters are English, and Jenny Bell is
1860-75 organist of an actress. The airs "God save the King,"
;
Pai-ish church of and "Rule Britannia " are introduced.

Acton, 1860, of St. JENSEN, ADOLF, born in KOuigsberg,
George's, Hanover Square, 1861, of Chapel Jan. 12, 1837, died
Royal, St. James's Palace, and Whitehall, in Baden-Baden, Jan.
1876. Works : Communion Service in C ;
23, 1879. He stud-
Morning Services in F
and C Evening ; ied for two years un-
service in F Do. in C, for male voices
;
;
der Ehlert and Frie-
Anthems ; Pai't-songs, songs, and organ drich Marpurg, but
music. was mostly s e 1 f -
JELINEK, FRANZ XA\^R, born at taught. In 1856 he

Kaurins, Bohemia, Dec. 3, 1818, died at •
was in Russia, was
Salzburg, Feb. 7, 1880. Oboe player, edu- made Kapellmeister
cated at the Prague Conservatorium, be- of the Stadttheater in
came instructor of oboe, and librarian at the Posen in 1857, went
Mozarteum, and later choir director of the
1858 to Copenhagen to spend two years in
cathedral of Salzbni-g. He comjMsed sacred with Gade, and returned to Ki'migsberg in
music, choruses for men's voices, etc. —
Men- 1860. From 1866 to 1868 he taught at Tau-
del Riemann.
; sig's pianoforte school in Berlin, but ill-
jfiLIOTTE (Jelyotte), PIERRE, born health forced him to retire, first to Dresden,
near Toulouse in 1711, died in Paris in then to Gratz, and finally to Baden-Baden,
1782. Tenor singer and composer, pupil where he died of lingering consumption.
JEPIITE
Jensen is best known as a song writer, and be edited by Wilhelm Kienzl. Allgem. d. —
as such may take rank, with some few Biogr.,xiii. 774 Futis, Supplement, ii. 25
;
;
others, after Schumann and Robert Franz. Mendel Mus. Wochenblatt, v. 354, 367.
;
Works I. Vocal Nonnenfjesang, for soprano

: : JEPHTE, oratorio by Carissinii. This is
and female chorus, with 2 horns and harp, his masterpiece and contains many beauti-
op. 10, No. 1 ; examples of melody and modulation.
Brautlied, for mixed chorus, ful
with do., op. 10, No. 2 Jephlhas Tochter, Handel has been accused of borrowing his
;
for soli, chorus, and orchestra, op. 2G chorus. Hear Jacob's God, in Samson, from
Adonis-Feier, for do. Donald Caird ist the final close, Plorate coUes, a pathetic air,
;
wieder da, for tenor or baritone solo, male assigned to Jephtha's daughter, with an
chorus, and orchestra, op. 54 3 songs for echo sung by two sopranos at the end of ;
3part female chorus and pianoforte, oj). each phrase of the melody. The 3I.S. is in
C;5 ; 2 Marienlieder, for tenor voice, 4 vio- the National Library, Paris. Published by
las, 2 'celli, 2 double-basses, and kettle- Chrysander (B. Schott's Sohnen, Mainz).
drums, op. G4 8 four-part songs, op. 28 ; ;
German translation by Bernard Gugler,
8 do., op. 29 Der Ungenannteii, G love-
;
with organ or pianoforte accompaniment by
songs after Geibel, for voice and pianoforte, Immanuel Faisst. Published by Eieter-
01). 6 C Liebeslieder for a low voice and do.,
;
Biedermann (Leipsic, 1878).
o^p. 13 Dolorosa, 6 poems by Chamisso, for
; JEPHTHA, oratorio, text by the Rev.
voice and
30 Gaudeamus, 12 Thomas Morell, D.D., music by Handel,
do., op. ;
songs for a bass voice and pianoforte, op. performed at Covent Gai-den, London, Feb.
40 Over 125 songs for do., o]). 1, 4, 5, 9, 26, 1752. The MS. of this, Handel's last
;
11, 14, 21-24, 34, 35, 39, 41, 49, 50-53, 55, oratorio, in Buckingham Palace, is rich in
57, 58, Gl, without ojjus number. his annotations, showing its various stages
and 3 sets
U. Instrumental Concert ouverture in E of comjjosition, during which he became
:
minor, for grand orchestra Der Gang der blind. It was begun Jan. 21, and finished;
Jiinger nach Emmaus, geistliches Tonstiick Aug. 30, 1751. Characters represented
for do., op. 27 3 pieces for pianoforte, 4 Iphis, sung bj' Giulia Frasi Storge, Sig-
; ;
hands, op. 18 Hochzeitsmusik, for do., op. nora Galli Jephtha, John Beard Hamor,
; ; ;
45 Abondmusik, for do., op. 59 Lebens- Mr. Brent

; Zebul, Mr. Wass and the ; ; ;
bilder, for do., op. GO G Silbonetten, for Angel, by a boy. It contains nine choruses,
;
do., op. G2 ; and arias, including the tenor

Liiudliche Fest-Musik, for do. ;
recitatives,
Innere Stimmen, 5 pieces for pianoforte solo, Waft her. Angels, in Piu-t IH. This solo,
op. 2 Wanderhildi'i; 2 books, for do., op. oratorio was performed seven times during
;
17 Sonata in F-sharp minor, for do., op. Handel's life, once with additions and alter-
;
25 G deutsche Suiten, for do., op. 3G

; ations on March 1, 1758. It was first sung ;
Idyllen, for do. (or 4 hands), op. 43 Ero- in Berlin hy the Singakademie Maj' 3, 1829. ;
tiLw), 7 pieces for do., op. 44 Wald-Idyll, Revived by the Sacred Harmonic Society of
;
scherzo for do op. 47 Scenes cai'nava- London, April 7, 1841 and Feb. 12, 1869,
, ; ;
lesques, fordo., op. 56 Other fugitive pieces with additional accompaniments by ^b-thur
;
for do., op. 3, 7, 8, 12, 15, 16, 19, 20, 31, Sullivan. Fii-st sung in Boston by the Han-
del and Haydn Society, Feb. 17, 1867. Pub-
hshed first by Walsh with pianoforte ar- ;
rangement by J. F. von Mosel (Haslinger,

Vienna, 1831) full score and pianoforte ar- ;
rangement by George A. IMacfaiTen (Cra-

32, 33, 37, 38, 42, 46, 48, 65. He left in mer it Co., London, 1855). Rockstro, Han- —
manuscript an opera, Turandot, which is to del, 308 ; Schalcher, 320 ; ^Vllgem. mus.
.TEPnTITA
Zeituns (31), :?09, (:3:1), 017, 037 ;

Athen- several numbers. Publishcil by Rieordi
icuiu (180!)), i. 248. (Milan, 1848). — Clement et Larousse, 378.
JEPHTH.V AND HIS DAUGHTER, ora- JERUSALEM JERUSALEM soprano ! !
torio, text from the Bible, music by Carl aria in B-liat major, in Mendelssohn's Pau-
Reiuthaler, performed at St. Martin's Hall, lus, Part I. (No. 7).
London, April 10, 1850. Pablislied by JE.SSONDA, grand German opera in
Ewer & Co. (London, 1857).—Athenseum three acts, text by Eduard Gehe, music
(1857), 1523. by Spohr, op. 03, first represented in Cassel
JEl'HTHAS TOCHTER
with great success, July 28, 1823, the Elec-
(Jeplitba's
Daughter), cantata, by Adolf Jensen, op. tor's birthday. The overture, the duet be-
20, on Byron's poem. Published by Peters tween Amazili and Nadori, and an air of
(Loipsic, 1805). — Allgem. mus. Zeitung Jessonda sung by Spohr's daughter, Emilia,
(1805), 511. were performed in Cassel in 1822. The
JERONYMO, FRANCESCO DE SAM,
born at Evora, Portugal, March 4, 1092,
died (?). Monk and
church composer,
mestre de capella of his convent at Belum ;
was distinguished for his skill in writing

for a great number of voices. Works (all
in JIS.) : Respousorios das Matinas de S.
Jerouyino, for 4 choirs, with various in-

struments Do., for 4 voices in plain chant
;
Responsorios for Holy week Respousorios ;
das Matinas do Evangelista S. Joiio; Mass

for 8 voices obligato ; Te Deum ; Hymns of
the Holy Ghost, S. Jerome, the Martyrs,
etc., for4 voices Psalms for Vespers and
;
Compline Motets and Vilhaucicos. Futis

; —
Gerber Vasconcello.s.
;
JERUM, JERUM. See Meistrrsingnr von opera was performed in London, June
Niiruberg. 18, 1840 Paris, April 28, 1842 and at ; ;
JERUSiiLEM, oratorio in three parts, Covent Garden, London, Aug. 0, 1853.

text by W. Saucroft Holmes after the Bible, The plot is from La veuve du Jlalabar, the
music by Henry H. Pierson, written for the subject an Indian widow rescued by Portu-
Norwich Festival, and first performed there, guese soldiers from sacrifice at the tomb of
Sept. 23, 1852. Repeated by the Harmonic her husband. Characters represented
Union at Exeter Hall, Loudon, May 18, Jessonda and Amazili (S.) Nadori and Lo- ;
1853 Wiirzburg, 1802. Published by J. pez (T.) Tristan (Bar.) Dandau (B.). This
; ; ;
Schuberth & Co. (Leipsic, 1875).— Athe- opera, one of Spohr's best compositions,
ufeum (1852), 1039 Loudon Musical Times, was conducted by him at the 50th anniver-
;
Sept. 1, 1852. sary of the Prague Conservatorium, in 1858,

JERUSALEM, French grand opera in his last appearance in public. Potpourri
four acts, text by Alphonse Royer and in A-flat on airs from Jessonda for violin,
Waez, music by Verdi, represented in violoncello, and orchestra, op. 04, and Pot-
Paris, Nov. 2(;, 1847. The work is a re- pourri in A minor for violin and orchestra,
arrangement of I Lombardi alia prima cro- op. 06, by the composer (Peters, Leipsic,
ciata. The greater part of the music re- 1835). Revived in Stuttgart, aiarcli 0, 1882,
mains unchanged, but Verdi has added with Frau Schroder-HanfstiuiKel in the title-
JE
rule. It is a favorite part also with !Ma- JESUS, Padre G.UBRIEL DE, bom at
thilde Malliiiger. — Spolir, Autobiograjjliy, Leiria iu 1650, died in 1708. Organ-
ii. 1-48 ; Cluiueut et Larousse, 379 ; Atben- ist and hai-p player, Cistercian monk iu
a'um (1853), AUgem. mus. Zeituug the monastery at Alcoba^-a, in Estremadura.
969 ;
(25), G29 (33), 484.

; His principal work is a collection of 15 mo-
JE SUIS DE VOUS TllfeS-IVlfiCON- tets, which i-emain iu MS. Va.sconcellos — ;
TEXTE. See Ami de la Maisou. Fetis ; Mendel.

JESU, BEUGE DOCH jfiSUS DE N.VZ.mETH, song by Gou-
3IEIN HERZE,
bass aria iu E-flat major, with accompani- nod, sung by il. Lherie, at ilme Viardot's
ment of oboe, violiu, and contiuuo, iu Jo- student's concert, Paris, June 2, 1S82.
hann Sebastian Bach's cantata, " Wer sicli JESUS SUR LE LAC DE TIBKRIADE,
selbst erhohet, dersoll erniedriget warden." scene for baritone, chorus, and orchestra, by
JESU, DEINE GNADENBLICKE, Gounod (Paris, 1S7G).
so-
prano aria iu G major, with accompanimeut JE TAl TROMP£, JE FUS COUPABLK
of 2 flutes in uuisou, oboe, and 'violins, and See liobi'rt le Diable.
viola in unison, iu Jobauu Sebastian Bach's JEUNE FEilME COLORE, LA, opera-
cantata, " Lobi'l Gott in seinen Reichen." by Claparede, founded on a
comi(|ue, text
JESU JIEINE FREUDE, choral by Jo- comedy by Etienne, music by Boieldieu,
hann Criiger, jiublished with his other cho- written in Russia, first represented at tho
rals for four voices and two instruments, Theatre of the Hermitage, April 18, 1805,
under the title of " Praxis Pietatis, oder and at the Grand Theatre, April 24, St.
Kirchenmelodien fiber D. Luthers und an- Petersburg. It was given at the Theatre
dere Gesange " (Leijssic, 1049 30th ed., Feydeau, Paris, Oct. 12, 1812.— Pougin,
;
Berlin, 1703). Edition arranged by C. G. Boieldieu, 142.

Langbecker, published by G. Eichler (Ber- JEUNE HENRI, LE, opcra-comique iu
lin, 1839).— Allgem. mus. Zeitung (41), 382. two acts, text by Bouilly, music by Jlchul,
JESU ilEINE ZUVERSICHT, choral represented at the Theatre Favart, Paris,

by Johann Criiger, contained iu the collec- May 1, 1797. Henri IV. of France is the
tion Praxis Pietatis. subject. — Clement et Larousse, 380.
JESUS, ANTONIO DE, born at Lisbon, JEU^'ESSE D'HERCULE, Ul (The
died at Coimbra, April 15, 1G82. Monk and Youth of Hercules), symphonic poem for
church composer taught in the University orchestra, by Saint-Saens, op. 50, written
;
of Coimbra from 1030 till his death was iu 1875. Published by Durand et Schoe-
;
much esteemed by Dom Joao TV., in whoso newerk (Paris, 1878). Arranged for piano-
library his MSS. were preserved. Works forte for four hands by E. Guiraud, for :
Mass for 10 voices ; do. for 12 voices ; 2 two pianofortes for four hands by the com-
masses for 8 voices ; Dixit Dominus for 12 poser. — Signale (1878), 625.
voices. —Vasconcellos ; Fetis ; Gerber. JEWSON, FREDERICK BOWEN, bom
JESUS (Sena), BERNARDINO DE, born in Edinburgh, July 26, 1823, still living,
at Lisbon in 1599, died there, April 10, 1889. Royal Academy

Pianist, pupil at the
1G69. Church composer and Franciscan of IMusic, where he became King's Scholar,
monk in the convent of Vianna, which he 1837, and is now professor of pianoforte.
entered in 1G15 as a choir-singer, and where Works Overtures for orchestra Sonatas
: ;
he became definitor in 1650. He was much for pianoforte Concertos for do. and or-
;
esteemed by Dom Joao IV. on account of chestra Pianoforte music Songs, etc.
; ;
his fine voice and his tliorough musical JIMENl'^Z, UGALDE (CIRIACO), born
knowledge. His works remain iu MS. Ftj- — at Pampeluna, Feb. 5, 1828, still living, 1889.
tis ; Gerber. Organist and church composer, first iu-
JOACIIBI
structed by his fatlicr in solfeggio, then been looked on as a matter of course. He

pupil of Josu Guelbenzu on the pianoforte, for some time divided the post of Conzert-
and at the Conservatorio, Madrid, of Hila- mcister of the Gewandhaus concerts at
rion Eslava on the organ. Became maestro Leipsic with David, but in 1849 he accepted
de a similar position at Weimar, in the grand-
capilla of the cathedral of Jaca in 1857,
of the metropolitanchurch of Valencia, ducal orchestra, of which Liszt was then
1801, and of the primatial church of Toledo, conductor. But it proved impossible for
18G5. Works Masses Motets Psalms, Joachim, who had been brought up under
: ; ;
etc. —
Futis, Supplonient, ii. 2G. the influence of Mendelssohn and Schumann,
JOACHIM, JOSEPH, born at Kittsee, to get on well with Liszt, with whose revo-
near Presburg, June 28, lutionary tendencies he had no sympathy.
1831, still living, 1889. In 1854 he accepted the position of con-
He began to play the vio- ductor of concerts and solo-violinist to the
lin at the age of five, and King of Hanover, which post he held until
took lessons of Szerva- 18GG, marrying Cornelia Weiss, a notable

csinski, Conzertmcister contralto singer, in 18G3. In 18G8 he went
of the Opera at Pesth. to Berlin, as head of the Hochsclmle fiir
His first appearance in ausiibende Tonkunst, a then recently es-

public was in 1838, when tablished department of the Royal Academy
he played a duet with his of Arts. This school of music owes well-
master with great success. In 1841 he nigh all its fame and influence to Joachim.
studied under Biihm in Vienna in 1843 In 1877 the University of Cambridge (Eng-
;
be went to Leipsic, where he staid several land) besto^ved upon him the honorary de-
years, studying the violin together with the gree of Doctor of Music, and he has been
greatest works for that instrument by Bach, awarded many other honorary degrees in
Beethoven, Spohr, and Mendelssohn. His his own country, besides orders of knight-
regular teacher was Ferdinand David, but hood from sevei-al reigning jirinces. As a
he was also largely under the influence of composer he follows Schumann more than
Mendelssohn, in whom his talent excited Mendelssohn. His music is always noble
enthusiasm. At first he appeared but little in aim, and generally grave and even som-
in public, devoting his time rather to the bre. His most important work as yet is the
sei-ious studj' of his art, than to making him- Hungarian Concerto for violin and orches-
self a virtuoso. The wisdom of this course tra. His friendship for and admiration of
Las ever been felt in Joachim's public Johannes Brahms has been noted for some
career. He is probably the only great vio- time, and he may now be accounted the
on record who has never swerved
linist leading " Brahinsianer " in Germany. His
from a fixed purpose to devote his excep- opposition to Robert Franz in the contro-
"
tional talents solely to the interpretation of versy on the " additional accompaniment
music of the highest class. As an execu- question, is probably the only stej) he ever
tant he stands at the head of living vio- took which the conservatively disjsosed
linists, but his intellectual superiority in the music-lover will be inclined to regret.
fineness and cultivation of his artistic sense, Works : L Orchestra : Overture to Ham-
is infinitely more striking. As a player of let, op. 4 ; do. to Schiller's Demetrius (MS.),
classic violin music, especially as a quartet op. G ; do. to Henry IV. (:\IS.), op. 7 ; do.
player, he is now the imquestioned model. to a play of Gozzi's (MS.), op. 8 ; do. in com-
He visited London memoration of Kleist, op. 13 Two marches,
for the first time in 1844, ;
and returned in 1847, '49, '52, '58, '59, 'G2 C and D, with trios.
;
in
since then his annual appearance there has n. Violin Andautiuo ed allegro scher- :
JOAO
zoso, with orchestra, op. 1 ; 3 Stiicke (llo- JOCELYN, opera in four acts, text by
inauze, Fautasiestiick, Friihliugsfautasie) ib-mand Silvestre and Victor Capoul, music
for violiQ and pianoforte, op. 2 Concerto ; by Benjamin Godard, first represented at
in one movement, in G minor, with orches- the Theatre de la Monnaic, Brussels, Feb.
tra, op. 3 3 StCicke (Lindenrauschen, Abend-
; 25, 1888 first time in Paris, at the Theatre
;
glocken, Ballade) for violin and jnanoforte, Lyrique National, Oct. 13, 1888.
op. 5 Hebrilische Melodien, for violin and
; JOCONDE, ou les coureurs d'aventures,
pianoforte, op. 9 Variations on an original opera-comique in three acts, text by fitienne,
;
theme, for viola and pianoforte, op. 10 music by Nicolo Isouard, first represented
IJonzerl in ungarischer Weise, in D minor, at the Theatre Feydeau, Paris, Feb. 28,
op. 11 ; Notturno, with orchestra, op. 12
1814. It is one of Isouard's best operas,
;
3 cadenzas to Beethoven's violin concerto. and was regarded as the masterpiece of

m. Vocal Scena der Marfa (from French oiJcra-comique until Auber's works
:
Schiller's Demetrius), for contralto voice were produced. The coui)lets, "Et Ton
and orchestra, op. 14 Song, Ich hab' im revient toujours a ses jn-emieres amours,"
;
Traum geweinet, for voice and pianoforte. and their refrain were very popular. The
— Mendel; Iliemann Fetis; do.. Supple- opera was revived at the Opera Comique,
;
ment, ii. 27 Wurzbach, x. 217 ; Hart, Paris, 1857. Performed by Carl Rosa's
;
The Violin, 439; Mus. Wochenblatt, ii. English opera company, translation by Sant-
377. ley, at the Lyceum, London, Oct. 25, 1876.
JOAO IV., King of Portugal, born at A revision by Grandaur, entitled Minne-
Villa-Viyosa, March 19, 1G04, died at Lis- fahrten, was reiwesented in Munich in 1870.
bon, Nov. G, 1G.5G. Church composer, and Clement et Larousse, 381 AUgem. mus. — ;
theoretical writer on music. Although he Zeitung (16), 804 Athentcum (1876), ii. 568. ;
lived in the midst of great political sti-uggles, JODOCUS PRATENSIS. See Despres,
he gave much time to scientific researches, Josquin.
and especially to the study of music. He JOHANN ERNST, Prince of Saxe-Wei-
collected an immense musical library, known raar, born Dec. 29, 1696, died at Frankfort,
as Bibliotheca Real de JIusica, largelj'
com- Aug. 1, 1715. Violinist and pianist, pupil
posed of the most valuable MSS. and of rare of his gentleman-in-waitiug Gregor Chris-
works gathered at great expense from every toph Eylenstein, on the violin, and of Wal-
country. It was entirely destroyed in 1755, ther on the pianoforte and in composition.
daring the great earthquake in Lisbon. This master testifies that after nine months'
The first volume was able to compose the six con-
of the catalogue of this tuition he
library, in the National Library, Paris, gives which were published under his certos
a good idea of the value of the collection. name. He was starting on a journey un-
Of his compositions, three only of his mo- dertaken for the study of music when his
tets survive, one of which is in Georges early death took place. Walther, 331 — ;
Sehmitt's Authologie Universelle de Mu- Gerber Fetis. ;
sique Sacree (Paris, 18G9). He wrote four JOHANNES DER TAITFER, oratorio,
works on music, two of which were pub- by Carl Loewe, written in 1862.
"
lished, and are now very rare the others JOHN GILPIN, cantata, text after Cow-
;
were left in MS. at his death, with directions per's poem, music by Thomas Anderton,
for their publication to his successor, but first performed by the Festival Choral So-
never were given to the woi'ld. —
Va.scoucel- ciety of Birmingham, England, Dec. 8, 1875,
los ; Fi'tis do., Suppk'meut, ii. 784
; Ger- the composer conducting. The part of John
;
ber Mendel Schilling Van der Straeten, Gilpin was sung by Mr. Lloyd, that of Mrs.
; ; ;
vii. 467. Gilpin by Mi's. Lemmens.

JOHNS
JOHNS, CLAYTON, born of Aioerican acts, text by J. Adcnis and Saint-Georges,
parentage in New Castle, Delaware, Nov. music by Georges Bizet, represented at the
24, 1857, still living, 188t). Pianist, pupil Theatre Lyrique, Paris, Dec. 26, 1867.
in theory of J. K. Paine, ami on the piano- JOMMELLI, NICCOLO), born at Aversa,
forte of William H. Sherwood, Boston. lu near Naples,
18S2 he went to Europe and studied com- Sept. 11, 1714,
position in Berlin under Friedrich Kiel, died in Naples,
and the pianoforte under (irabau, Rummel, Aug. 28, 1774.
and Raif. Eeturning in 1884 he settled in First studied un-
Boston, where he has since resided, appear- d e r a canon
ing occasionally in concerts. Works 7 : named Mozzillo,
Songs by Ludwig Uliland 3 English Songs
; then at the Cou-
by Austen Dobson Song of Four Seasons
; ;
servatorio di San
4 Songs by Ada Chresten Songs No Lo- ; : Onofrio, Naples,
tus Flower on Ganges floats Deep in a ;
under Durante ;
Pose's glowing Heart etc. Eomauce and but soon left that institution for La Pieta
; ;
Scherzino for violin and pianoforte Im- de' Turchini, where ho studied singing
;
promptu capriet'ietto, pianoforte. under Prato and Mancini, and composi-

JOHNSON, ]-:DWAED, one of the com- tion under Feo and Leo. His first com- , .
posers who harmonized the tunes forEste's IMsitions were ballets his next cantatas, a ;
AVhole Booke of Psalms (1792). He contri- form of composition far better suited to his
buted the madrigal. Come, blessed bird, to talent, and in which he was so successful as
the Triumphes of Oriana (IGOl). Another to elicit from Leo the most brilliant prophe-
madrigal by him, Ah, silly John, is preserved cies for his future. Piecinni writes that Jom-
in the MSS. of the Sacred Harmonic Society melli so dreaded the popular judgment upon
Library, London. —
Grove Buruey, His- his first opera, L' errorc amoroso, that he
;
tory, iii. 101. had it brought out (Naples, 1737) under the
'
JOHNSON, EGBERT, born in lattel-half name of Valentino, an obscure NeaiJolitan

of IGth century, died after 1625. Lutist, in musician the work, however, met with much
;
the service of Sh- T. Kyston^ of Hengrave success. In 1740 the Cardinal Duke of
Hall, Suffolk later went to London and York summoned him to Rome, where two
;
composed music for the theatres. He was of his operas, E Eicimero and L' Astianasse,
in the service of Prince Henry in 1611. were brought but. He Went next to Bo-
Works Music to the dramas, The Witch, logna, where he formed a firm friendship
:
1610, Shakspeare's Tempest, 1612, Valen- with the great Padre IMartini, whose influ-
tinian, and The Mad Lover, 1617, and ence upon him was probably considerable.
Masque of the Gii^sies, 1621 Contributions After a brilliant career at Bologna, he went
;
to "Leighton's Teares"; Songs, madrigals, to Vienna in 1745, where he wrote Achille

etc.— Grove. in Sciro and Didone, and formed a friend-
JOHOHOE! TE-\FTIHE DAS SCHIFF. ship with Metastasio. But, though it is
See Fiiegeiuh' Hollilnder. highly improbable that the poet's influence
JOLIE FILLE DE GAND, LA (The Fair had anything to do with the change in Jom-
Maid of Ghent), Ballet-pantomime in three melli's style of composition, as some writers
acts and nine tableaux, text by Saint- have asserted, the fondness for more fre-
Georges, music by Adolphe Adam, first rep- quent modulation and a richer orchestration
resented at the Oprra, Paris, June 22, 1842.
which he evinced at one time, was undoubt-
JOLIE FILLE DE PERTH, LA
(The edly due to his becoming acquainted with
Fair Maid of Perth), opera-comique in four the works of German composers, and dates
JOMMELLI
from liissojourn in Stuttgart, nine years was more careful than they to respect the
later. In 17-40 he returned to Naples, where natural dramatic proprieties iu operatic
bis Eumeue had a positive triumph. Me- writing. He gave up the Da Capo form of
rope excited quite as much enthusiasm at the aria, which Scarlatti had established, and
Venice iu 1747. The Council of Ten ajj- let the often extended musical development
jjoiuted him director of the Scuola degl' of his airs and concerted pieces go, as fur
Incurabili, and he began seriously to apply as jiossible, hand in hand with the develop-
himself to sacred comjsosition, a path ho ment of the dramatic situation. He has
had always been ambitious to pursue, and been called the Italian Gluck.
to his success iu which he owed the better Works. I. Operas L' erroro amoroso, :
part of his fame. An 8-voice Laudate for Naples, 1737 Odoardo, ib., 1738 Hicimero,
; ;
two choruses, belonging to his Venetian Rome, 1740 Astianasse, ib., 1741
; Ezio, ;
period, although never published, is one of Bologna, 1741 llerope, Venice, 1741 Don
; ;
liis most admired works. In 1748 he was Trastullo, intermezzo II Creso, 1743 ;
recalled to Rome to write his opera of Ar- Giro riconosciuto, 1744 Didone, ib., 1745 ; ;
taserse,and the Cardinal Alessandro Albani Eumene, Naples, 174G Achille in Scire, ;
procured him in 1049 the jjost of maestro Vienna, 1745 L' Amore in maschera, ib.,
;
di cappella at St. Peter's. In 1754 he sent 174G Sofonisba, Venice, Teatro San Gio-
;
in his resignation, and went to Stuttgart vanni Crisostomo, 1746 La critica, farsa, ;
to become maestro di cappella and court- 1747 ;Ezio (new music), Nai)les, 1748
composer to the Duke of Wiirtemberg. He L' ineantato, Rome, 1749; Arlaserse, ib.,
returned to Naples in 1771, to find that the Teatro Argentina, 1749 Jfigmia in Tau- ;
had completely forgotten him.

Italian jiublic ride, ib., 1751 Talestri, ib., 1752 ; Attilio ;
His Armida met with little success, for Regolo, ib., 1752 Semiramide, Piacenza, ;
although one of his best works, its German 1752 L' Ipei-meslra, Spoleto, 1752 Baja-
; ;
style was not to the public taste. His Ifi- zette, Turin, 1753 (?) Denietrio, Parma, ;
genia (1773) made even a more decided 1753 (?) Penelope, Stuttgai-t, 1754 Enea
; ;
failure. This sudden lack of pojiular suc- nelLazio, ib., 1755 II ri pas lore, ib., 1755 ; ;
cess threw the sensitive com^wser into a Didone (new music), ibid., 175G Alessandro ;
melancholy and brought on a stroke of ueU' Indie, ib., 1157 Nitleli, ib., 1757; ;
apoplexy, which prevented his fulfilling a Temistocle, Naples, Teatro San Carlo, 1757 ;
commission from the King of Portugal to II Irionfo di CleUa, ib., 1757 La clemenza ;
write two operas and a cantata. On his re- di Tito, Stuttgart, 1758 (?) Demofoonte, ib., ;
covery he wrote a cantata in honor of the 1760 (?) II Fedoute, ib., 1761 (?) L' isola
; ;
birth of the Prince of Naples, and a Miser- disabitata, ib., 1762 (?) Endimione, ib., ;
ere for two voices, which wondrously beau- 1763 (?) Vologeso, ib., 1764 (?)
;
L' Olim- ;
tiful composition was his swan-soug, as well piade, ib., 1765 (?) La schiava liberata, ib., ;
as his most famous work. He died very 1766 (?) L' asilo d' amore, ib., 1767 (?)
;
shortly after writing it ; a funeral service in La ib., 1768 (?) H cac-

pastorella illustre, ;
his honor was conducted with much pomp ciator deluso, ib., 1769 (?) 11 matrimonio ;
on Nov. 11, 1774. Jommelli belongs dis- perconcorso, ib., 1770 (?); Ai-mida, Naples,
tinctly to the " great " period of Italian 1771 Ezio (third opera on this subject,
;
opera, which began with Alessandro Scar- written for the birthday of Jouo I. of Portu-
latti, and may be said to represent the cul- gal), Lisbon (?), 1771 Ai-mida, Naples, Tea- ;
minating point of this jjeriod. Although tro Sau Carlo, 1771 Demofoonte (new mu- ;
not the superior of his great predecessors, sic), ib., 1772 Cerere placata, festa teatrale,
;
Scax'latti, Leo, and Vinci, either in original ib., 1772 TJigenia iu Aulide, ib., 1773
;
genius or iu musical learning and skill, he Cajo Marzio, ib., 1773 (?).
JONAS
n. Cantatas rerdono, amata Nice, for performed in English at St. James's Hall,
:
a single and iustninieiits

voice Giusti London, March 15, 1872, text adapted by ;
numi, id. E quando sara mai, id.

;
Partu- Henry Leslie. Joseph Maas sang the jsart ;
conviene, id. Cantata for 2 sopi-auos.

;
of Jonah. The air Just art Thou, oh Lord,
in. Oratorios La passione di Gesil my God, is dramatic and fuU of devotional
:
Cristo, for 4 voices, chorus, and orchestra feeling. The score was edited by Henry ;
Isacco, figura del Redentore, id. Betulia Leslie and published by Cocks & Co. (Lon- ;
liberata, id. Santa Elena al Calvario, id.

;
don). Atheuicum (1872), i. 375. —
IV'. Church music Dixit a 4 voci In JONAS, E:\nLE, born in Paris, Jlarch
: ;
convertendo, salnio a 2 voci ed orchestra 5, 1827, still living, 1880. Dramatic com- ;
Responsoi-j per la Settimana Santa, a 4 voci poser, pupil of Lecoupey and Carafa at
Dixit a 8 voci in 2 cori Miserere a 8 voci the Conservatoire, where he received the 2d
;
e 2 cori ; 5 Misse a 4 voci, orchestra ed prize for harmony in 1846, the 1st in 1847,
organo Missa de' defouti (Requiem) a 4 and the 2d grand prix for his cantata An-
;
voci, orchestra ed organo Confitebor, a 3 tonio in 1849 was professor of Solfege at

; ;
voci Laudate, a 4 soprani e 2 cori

; In the Conservatoire in 1847-6G instructor in ; ;
convertendo, a 6 voci concertanti e 2 cori harmony of a class an-anged for the ^lupils
Magnificat (called deU' eco), a 4 e 8 voci from the military bands in 1859-70 at the ; ;
Inno di San Pietro, concertato, a 2 cori same time chef de musique of a subdivis-
Dixit, a 8 voci Graduale, a 4 voci Veni, ion in the National Guard and director of
; ;
Sancte Spiritus, a 4 voci Ltetatus sum, music at the Portuguese synagogue. ; In

id. ;Confitebor, id. Beatus vir, id. Con- 1867 he was appointed secretary of the
; ;
firraa hoc, Deus, a 5 voci ed orchestra committee for the organization of military
Miserere, a 4 voci Victimte paschali, a 6 festivals at the Palais de I'lndustrie, and in
;
voci Miserere, a 5 voci Te Deum, a 4 voci recognition of his senices received the
; ;
ed orchestra Regnum mundi, a 4 voci cross of the Legion of Honour. Works

; :
Veni, sponsa Christi, per soprano, coro ed Antonio, cantata, 1849 Overture (2), 1851 ;
orchestra Victims jiaschali, a 4 voci and 1852

; Le duel de Benjamin, opera, ; ;
Credidi, a 4 voci Graduale, a 3 voci, per given at the Boufles Parisiens, 1855
; La ;
la festadellaSta. Vergine Discerne causam parade, o2')eretta, ib., 1856 Le roi boit,
; ;
meam, graduale a 4 voci Domiue Deus, in do., ib., 1857 Les petits prodiges, do., ib.,
; ;
simplicitate, oflfertorio a 4 voci Justus ut 1857 Job et sou chien, do., ib., 1863 Le ; ; ;
palma florebit, graduale a 4 voci Cantata manoii' des La Renardicre, do., ib., 1864 ;
;
a 3 voci per la Nati\'it;i della Sta. Vergine Avant la noce, do., ib., 1865 Les deux ; ;
Salve Regina, per soprano ed orchestra arlequins, do., Fantaisies Parisiennes, 1865 ; ;
Miserere, a 2 soprani ed orch. Several Malbrough s'en va-t-en guerre, do. (with ;
yp iSizet, Delibes,
Bizet, JJei and Legouix), Athe-
Le canard a trois bees,
^^SiQcffo ^^T^-^^^-^^--^-^ da.'Toli lies Dramatiques, 1869 ;
Desire, Sire de Champigny,

Misse a 3 c 5 voci ed orch. Responsoi-j perl do., Bouft'es Parisiens, 1869 Javotte, do.,
; ;
il mercoledi, il giovedi ed il venerdl della Athenee, 1871 (written for and given at the
St^ttimana Santa.— Alfieri, Notizie biogi-a- Gaiety Theatre, London, as Cinderella the
;
fiche di Niccolo Jommelli (Rome, 1845) Younger, a few months earlier) Le chi- '
;
Biogi-afia degli Italiaui illustri del secolo gnon d'or, do., Brussels, 1874 La poularde ;
XVIII, Vol. 1 (Venice, 1835) F.:-tis. de Caux, do. (with Bazille, Clapisson, and
;
[
JONAS, oratorio by Carissimi. The MS. others), Theatre du Palais-Royal La prin- ;
is in the National Library, Paris. First cesse Kelebella ]\Iiss Robinson La bonne ; ;
jonci£:res
aventure, 1882 Le premier baiser, 1883. Booke of Ayres (IGll) " Faire Oriana, seem-
; ;
— Fetis ; Supplement, ii. 28 Riemaun. ing to wink at folly," madrigal for G voices,
do., ;
JONClfiRES, (FfiLIX LUDGEK, called) in Triumphes of Oriana Other madrigals ;
VICTOEmDE,born and pieces published in Leighton's Teares,

ill Paris, Ajn-il 12, Smith's Musica Antiqua, etc. Grove Fe- — ;
1839, still Hviug, tis ;Mendel Schilling.

;
1889. Dramatic com- JONES, Rev. ^TLLIAM, born at Lowick,

posei", pupil at the Northamptonshire, England, July 30, 172G,
Couservatoire of El- died at Nayland, Suffolk, Jan. 6, 1800.
wart in harmony, and Church composer, educated at Oxford be- ;
of Leborue in coun- came vicar of Bethersden, Kent, in 1764,

tei-poiut and fugue, and later rector of Pluckley and of Paston,
but left Lis class ab- Northamptonshire, and curate of Nayland,
rui^tly on account of 1784. Works A Treatise on the ./Vii of :
a discussion with Leborne on Wagner's mu- Music (1784, 2d ed., 1827) 10 pieces for ;
sic, which Joncieres admires. He is musical the organ, with 4 anthems in score (1789)
critic of La Liberte. Works Le Sicilien, Double chant and other sacred music.
: ;
ou rAmour peintre, opera-comique, Ecole Grove Fetis. — ;
Lyrique, Paris, 1859 Sardanapale, opera. ; JORDAN, CHARLES WARWICK, bom

Theatre Lyrique, 1867 Le dernier jour de ;
at Clifton (Bristol), England, Dec. 28, 1840,
Pompei, do., ib., 18G9 Dimitri, do., ib., ; still living, 1889. Organist of St. Paul's,
187G Bordeaux, 1883 La reiue Berthe,
; ;
Bunhill Row, of West Holloway
St. Luke's,
do.. Opera, 1878 Le chevalier Jean, 1885
;
;
(1860), of St. Stephen's, Lewisham (1866),
Music to Hamlet, 18G1; Symphonie ro- ; honorary organist of London Gregorian
mantique. Concert national, 1870 La mer, ; Church Association, and conductor of sev-
choral symphony Concert overture Hun- ; ; eral musical societies. He is fellow of the
garian serenade Concerto for violin Pi-
; ; College of Organists, and Mus. Bac, Oxford,
anoforte music, and romances. Futis, Sup- — 1869. Works : Blow ye the trumpet in
plement, ii. 28 Mendel Riemann.
; ; Zion, cantata ; Com-
Services, including a
JONES, JOHN, born England about munion Service in E, with brass instni-
in
1730, died in London, Feb. 17, 1790. Be- meuts Anthems Organ music Songs, ; ; ;
came organist of the Middle Temple in etc. He has published also 150 Harmo-
1749, of the Charterhouse in 1753, and of nies for Gregorian Tones.
St. Paul's Cathedral in 1755. He held the JOSEFPY, R.\FAEL, born at Miskolcz,
three places at the time of his death. Hungary, in 1853,
Haydn heard and was deeply moved by one still living, 1889, in
of his chants in 1791. Works Sixty New York. Pianist, :
chants Single and Double (1785). Grove pupil of Moscheles — ;
Barrett, English Church Composers, 137. andofTausig. Won

JONES, ROBERT, composer and lutist, reputation on his
lived in London in the beginning of the first concert torn- in
17tli century. Works The First Booke of Holland and Ger-
:
Ayres (IGOl) The Second Booke of Songs many and has since
; ;
and Ayres (IGOl) The First Set of Madri- played with success
;
gals (1007) ; Ultimum Yale, or Third Book throughout Europe

of Ayres (1G08) A Musieall Dreame, or and the United
;
the Fourth Booke of Ayres (1G09) The States. Works Ungarisches .Ubum, 6 pieces ; :
Muse's Garden for delight, or the Fifth for pianoforte, op. 11 Valse caprice, op. 22 ; ;
JOSEPH
Die Miihle, op. 23 ; Idyllo, op. 25 ; Ciacon- the sweets of life," written in C, appears in
netta, op. 2G ; Perlea J'AUemagne, waltz, Schmidt's edition in B-flat, and Guarducci
op. 27 Dause des roses, inazourka,
;
op. sang it in D. The air. Powerful Guardians,
29 ; Dause iiegre, op. 31 Serenade for ; vio- was taken from Alexander Balus, and the
lin with pianoforte, op. 31 ; Wiegenlied, for music of the final chorus from the Dettin-
do.; Marcbe turquc, grand morceau de con- gen Anthem. This oratorio has seldom
cert, for pianoforte ; Conzert-Studien nach been sung since Handel's death. The parts
Chopin ; Barcarolles, bei-ceuses, gavottes, of Joseph and Benjamin are marked " boy,"
Liiudler, Polkas nobles, etc. for pianoforte ;
and were originally sung by choristers. Jo-
Songs. seph was afterward sung by Guarducci.
JOSEPH, opera in three aets, text by The conducting score contains the names :
Alexandre Duval, music by Mrliul, first rep- Asenath, Signora Frasi, later Mrs. Pinto ;
resented at the Theatre Feydeau, Paris, Phanor, Signora Galli (who made her dt-but
Feb. 17, 1807. The subject is from the in this oratorio), Passerini, Mrs. Scott High ;
Bible. This opera, Mehul's masterpiece, Priest, Mrs. Scott, Passerini Judah, Beard. ;
has much dramatic power. Original cast The other characters are Pharaoh, bass and : ;
Simeon and Reuben, tenors. Published by

Joseph M. Elleviou.
Walsh Chrysander's edition (Breitkopf & ;
Jacob M. Solio.
Simeon
Hilrtel, Leipsic, 1883). Rockstro, Handel,
M. Gavaiidan.
—
Benjamin Mme Gavaudau. 278 ; Schoelcher, 285.
JOSEPH, oratorio in two parts, text se-
Among the chief numbers are Joseph's lected from the Bible by Dr. Edwin George
:
gi'and aria, " Vainement Pharaon, dans sa Monk, music by George Alexander Macfai'-
reconnaissance " Joseph's romance, " A ren, produced at the Leeds festival, Sept.
;
peine an sortir de I'enfance " the prayer, 21, 1877.— Athenreum (1877), ii. 379.
;
" Dieu dlsrael, pore de la nature " Benja- JOSEPH (Josephi), GEORG, German ;
min's romance, " Ah lorsque la mort, trop composer of the 2d half of the 17th cent-
!
cnielle ;
" the trio, " Des chants lointains ury. He was Kapellmeister to the bishop
ont frappe mon oreille ;
" and the duet " O of Breslau ; wi'ote the music for a collec-
toi le digne appui d'un pi're." Published tion of canticles : Heilige Seeleulust, etc.
by Meysenburg (Paris, 1807). It was given (Breslau, 1GG8), which was held in great
in New York in February, 18G3 revived in esteem. Mendel Fetis Wiuterfeld, Kir-
; — ; ;
Paris, June, 1882. —

Clement et Larousse, chengesang, ii. 509.
382 Hanslick, Moderne Oper, 89
; Le JOSEPHSON, JACOB AXEL, born in ;
Menestrel (1881-82), 210, 219. Stockholm, March 27, 1818, died at Upsal,
JOSEPH, oratorio in three acts, text by March 29, 1880. Vocal composer, pupil at
the Rev. James Miller, music by Handel, the Leipsic Conservatorium, and in 1848
first performed at Covent Gar-den, London, director of music at the University of Up-
March 2, 171:-t, and sung four times during sal. He devoted much time to the cultiva-
that year. This, Handel's eighth English tion of music in that city, which in conse-
oratorio, is dedicated to the Duke of Mon- quence became one of the musical centres
tague. The original score in Buckingham of Sweden. He was director of the Stu-
Palace is dated at the end of the first part, dent's Singing Society, the Students' Chaiêl,
Aug. 2G, 1743, and at the end of the sec- and the Philharmonic Society. His songs,
ond, Sept. 12, 1743 the last date is not ballads, romances (Stockholm, Leipsic) are
;
given. Various alterations in the music very popular. Mendel. —

were made, several by Handel, probably JOSHUA, oratorio in three parts, test by
after 17G0. The air, " The Peasant tastes Dr. Thomas Morell, music by Handel, first
JOSQUIN
performed at Covent Garden, London, orcliestra.— Fetis, Supplement, ii. 30 ; Men-
March 19, 17-48. This, Haudel's fourteenth del, Ergunz., 174.
English oratorio, was begun July 19, 1747. JOTA ARAGONESA, LA, a national
The MS., preserved in Buckingham palace, dance of northern Spain, a species of waltz
is dated at the end of the first jxart July 30, in 3-time. Transcription for orchestra by
1747, at the second, Aug. 8, 1747, and at Camille Saint-Saens, op. 04 arranged for ;
the third, Aug. 19, 1747. The work was pianoforte and violin, and for pianoforte for
performed seven times dui-ing Handel's life, four hands, by the composer (Durand-
was first sung in Berlin, Jan. 1.3, 1833, and Schoenewerk, Paris). Same title, Capriccio
was revived by the Sacred Harmonic So- brillante for orchestra by Glinka, written
ciety of London, June 19, 1839. It con- in Madrid in 1847, edited and dedicated to
tains many reminiscences of the comjôser's Franz Liszt, by the sister of the composer
early Italian works. The trio and chorus, L. Schestakof, published by B. Schott's
" See the conquering hero comes," was SOhuen (Mainz, 18G0). An-anged for the
trausfeiTed after the first season to Judas pianoforte by M. Balakirev, published by
Maccabfcus. Haydn heard Joshua at the Schott (Mainz, between 1808-73).
Antieut Concerts, London, and declared that JOURET, L£0N, born at Ath, Belgium,
only one inspired author ever did, or would, Oct. 17, 1828, still living, 1889. Dramatic
"
pen so sublime a composition as The na- and church comiDOser, brother of Theodore,
tions tremble." Characters represented studied music in his native town, and from
:
Joshua (T.) Caleb (B.) Othniel(C.) Achsah 1840 at the Conservatoire, Brussels, where
; ; ;
(S.), and an Angel (S.). Joshua was sung he became professor in 1874. Works
first in Boston by the Handel and Haydn Quentin Matsys, opera, given in Brussels,
Society, April IG, 1876. Published first by at the Cercle Artistique et Litteraire, 18Go ;
Walsh edited by Chrysander (Breitkojjf & Le tricorne enchante, do., ib., 1868 Can-
; ;
Hiirtel, Lcipsic, 18(54). —

llockstro, Handel, tata for Pentecost, in 3 parts, for 5 voices,
288 Sehrelcher, 309.
; with organ, violoncello, and double bass ;
JOSQUIN. See Desjires. Mass for do. Domine Salvum fac Motets ; ;
JOSSE, JEAN MARIE, born at Toulouse, and psalms Choruses for male voices a ;
Feb. 23, died at Asnii'res, near Paris, cappella

181.5, Melodies, romances, etc. Fe-
; —
June, 1884. Dramatic composer, pupil at tis, Supplement, ii. 31 Mendel, Ergiinz., ;
the maitrise of the Cathedral of Toidouse 174. ;
when twelve yeai's old, went to Bordeaux, JOURET, TH^.ODORE, born at Ath,
where he studied harmony and composi- Belgium, Sept. 11, 1821, still living, 1889.
tion under Massin (Turina) in 1832 en- Vocal composer and musical critic brother
; ;
tered the Paris Conservatoire, as pupil of of Luon Jouret. He first took up music as
Reicha in fugue, and of Lesueur in compo- an amateur, while pursuing his scientific
sition. Ill 1836 he became connected with studies, and in 1840-46 composed melodies
the orchestra of the Theatre Nautique as and choruses for male voices. In collabor-
second violin, then as viola at the Opi!-ra ation with Guillaume Meyiine, he wrote the
Coniique, where he afterwards was sous- opera-comique Le luedeciu Turc, given in a
chef d'orchestre. In 1850 he went to St. musical salon in Brussels, 1845. Since
Petersburg as conductor of orchestra at the 1846 he has been the nuisical critic succes-
Michel Theatre returned to France in 18G1, sively on several Belgian papers, and from
;
and settled in ILarseilles. Works La ten- Paris and Germany has sent many contri-
:
tation, oratorio, Paris, 1848 Le talisman, butions to the Indt'pendance Beige, and the
;
opora-comique, ib., 1849 La lega, opera, Journal de Saint-Pi'tersbourg. He is pro-

;
Milan, Scala, 187G ; Many compositions for fessor of chemistry at the militoiy school,
JOURS
Brussels. Oi\ler of Lropolil.— Futis, Siip- JUBEL-CiiNTATE (Jul;ilee Cantata), for
pk'ment, ii. 31 ;
and orchestra, text by Fried-
IMeiulel, Ergiiuz., 174. chorus, soli,
JOUltS DE MON ENFANCE. See Pre rich Kind, music by Carl Maria von Weber,
aux Clercs. op. 58, written in 1818 for the festival to
JOUVE, ELZfiAE IVIAEIE, boru at Apt celebrate the 50th anniversary of the reign
(Vaucluse), France, Feb. 12, 1805, still liv- of King Friedrich August of Saxony, Sep-
ing, 188',). Dramatic and church composer, tember 20th of that year, but was not per-
pupil at the Conservatoire, Paris, of Fi'tis formed. First given at the Neustadt
and Berton. He became chef d'orchestre Church, Dresden, under Weber's direction.
at Strasburg, and in 1830 at Carpeutras, The autograph is in possession of Max von
whence he went to Avignon, and then set- Weber, Vienna. A second text, suitable for
tled in his native town to teach music. general pierformance, entitled Ernte-cantate
Works : Le (Harvest cantata), was written by Araadeus
dissipateur sans argent, oi)era,
given at Strasburg, Music for the Wendt, and is the one commonly sung.
1827 ;
drama Le seigneur et I'intendant, ib., 1829 Another version, The Festival of Peace, ;
Messe solennellc, ib., 1829 Other church text by Hampdon Najiier, was given in
;
music. —
Fttis IMendel. ;
London, May 2G, 182(5, under Weber's di-
JOUVE, ESPRIT GUSTAVE, born at rection, a few days before his death. The
Buis-les-Baronnies (Drome), France, June score with the two texts, preceded by the
1, 1805, still living, 1889. Church com- Jubel-ouvertiire, was published by Sohle-
poser, writer on music, scientist, and archie- singer (Berlin, 1818). Reissmann, Weber, —
ologist. He was first a lawyer, then a 93 Grove, iv. 409, 423 Jiihn, Weber, ; ;
priest, and became canon of the cathedral Verzeichniss, 2G1 Weber, Weber's Lebens- ;
of Valence in 1839. He devoted many bild, ii. 175, 696 Monthly Musical Rec- ;
years to scientific research, published works ord (1873) Upton, Standard Cantatas, ;
on music, on painting, and other arts. He 344.

composed masses for 3 voices, with organ JUBEL-OUVERTURE (.Jubilee Over-
and orchestra (Lyons and Paris, 1843-55) ture) for orchestra, in E, by Carl Maria von ;
Stabat Mater, for do. Collection of motets, Weber, op. 59, first performed at the Court
;
hymns, and anthems do. of Canticles. Theatre, Dresden, Sept. 20, 1818.
; The au-
— Fi'tis do.. Supplement, ii. 33
; Larousse. tograph in the Krmigliche Bibliothek, Ber-
;
JOZE, THOiMAS RICHMID GONZAL- lin, is dated Dresden, Sept. 11, 1818, and
VEZ, boru in Dublin, was written for the festival to celebrate the
Lelaud, Sept. 2G, 1853, 50th anniversary of the King of Saxony's
still living, 1889. reign but it has no connection with the
;
Chorister in Christ Jubel-Cantate. The national anthem Heil

Church Cathedral, dir in Siegerkranz is introduced. Per-
18G1, and deputy or- formed by the Philharmonic Society of
ganist in do., 18G9 New York, April 22, 1843. Published by
;
professor of pianoforte Schlesinger (Berlin)

Richault (Paris, 1818). ;
Royal Irish Academy in

Weber, Weber'sLebensbild, ii. 180 Jahns, — ;
of Music, 1871 con- Weber, Verzeichniss, 265 Allgem. Mus. Zei-

; ;
ductor of Kingston tung (43), 975.

Philharmonic Society, 1876 Mus. Doc, JUBEL-OUVERTURE, for orchestra, by
;
Dublin, 1877. Works: The Prophecy of Joachim Raff, op. 103, composed for the
Capys, cantata ; A Dream of the Fairies, celebration of the twenty-fifth year of the
do. ; Part-songs, songs, pianoforte music, rule of Prince Adolf, Duke of Nassau. Pub-
etc. lished by Kahut (Leipsic, 18G0-67).
JUDAS
JXJDAS ]VIACCABJi:US, oratorio in three zer's additional accompaniments in Ber-
'
acts, text suggested by Handel and select- lin, Nov. 1, 1820, at the Handel Festival
ed by the Eev. Thomas Morell, D.D., from (England), June 17, 1857, and first in Bos-
the first book of Maccabees, and the twelfth ton by the Handel and Haydn Societv, Dec.
book of Josephus's " Antiquities of the 5, 1847. Published first by Walsh' (Lon-
Jews," music by Handel, first performed at don) edition by Macfan-en (Cramer & Co., ;
Covent Garden, London, April 1, 1747. It London, 1855) and by Chrj-sander (Breit- ;
was written between July 9 and Aug. 11, kopf ct Hiirtel, Leipsic, 18C6).—Rockstro,
174G, by command of Frederick, Prince of Handel, 285 Schoelcher, 303 Upton, Stand- ; ;
Wales, to celebrate the return of William, ard Oratorios, 149 Athenscum (1857), 797 ;
;
Duke of Cumberland, after the victory of Allgeni. mus. Zeit., xxii, 7C0, xxiii, 108*.
CuUoden, April IG, 174G. The autograph JUDICE, CESARE DE, born at Paler-
score in Buckingham palace is headed mo, Sicily, Jan. 28, 1G07, died there. Sept
Overture Oratorio Judas Maccabseus, ange- 13, 1G80. Church composer, whose studies
fangen den July 9, 174G, oder den 8. The in science and art won him the title of Doc-
end of Act I. is dated July 21, 1746, 22 vOl- tor in 1632 was made visitor-general, ;
lig, the end of Act H. August, 2, 174G, vOllig, 1650. Mongitori (Bibl. Sicul., I 119) praises
J
and the conclusion, Aug. 11, 174G. The i

his compositions, which consist of madri-
work was performed six times in the first gals piessina, 1628), and motets (Palermo,
year, and thirty-four times during Handel's 1635). A Requiem for the funeral cere-
life, ranking with the Messiah and Samson monies of PhiUp rV., 1666, was not pub-
in the estimation of his English audiences. lished. —
Fetis Gerber Walther.
; ;
The chorus, " Fallen is the foe," and " We JTDICIL*^! S.ALOMONIS (The Judg-
worship God and God alone " are master- ment of Solomon), oratorio by Carissimi,
pieces of countei-point. The chorus, " See one of his masterpieces. The MS. is in the
the conquering hero comes," was trans- National Library of Paris. Edited by Chry-
feiTed from Joshua to this oratorio, in which sander (Schott, Mainz).
it has since been performed and pub- JtDLSCHE TRILOGIE for orchestra, in
hshed. The air, "Wise men
minor, by Asger Hamerik, op. 19, com-
flattering," C
and the chonis, " Sion now," were intro- posed in Paris in 1S6G-67. Published by
duced several years after its first perform- Breitkopf & Hiirtel (Leipsic).
ance. The air, " Come JUDITH,
oratorio, text by Isaac Bicker-
ever smiling lib-
erty," was originally in the Occasional Ora- staff, music by Dr. Thomas A. Arue, first
torio. Part L Lamentations for the death performed on Feb. 29, 17G4, at the Lock
of Mattathias, Judas recognized as a leader, Hospital Chapel, London, for the benefit of
preparations for war Part U. Celebration that charity.
; At a perfonuance of Judith
of the victories over the armies of Apollo- in Covent Garden Theatre, Feb. 26, 1773,
nius, renewal of war Part HI. Feast of Di". Arue first introduced women's voices
;
the dedication at Jerusalem, return of into oratorio choruses. By the same title
Judas from the victoi-y over Nicanor, cele- are text by W. Huggins, nmsic by De- :
bration of peace and thanksgiving. Char- fesch, London, 1733 sacred cantata in ;
acters represented Judas Maccabreus, three scenes, words selected by Chorley,

:
tenor Simon, his brother, bass Israelitish music by Henry D. Leslie, composed for
; ;
woman, soprano Israelitish man, alto or the Birmingham Festival and performed
;
mezzo-soprano Israelitish messenger, alto there in September, 1858 also at St. Mar-
; ;
;
Eupolemus, Jewish ambassador to Eome, tin's Hall, London, March 8, 1859.

bass and chorus of Israelites. This ora-
; JUDITH, or the Regeneration of Manas-
torio was sung in Leipsic in 1820 with Star- seli, oratorio, in two acts, b}' Charles Hu-
JUDITH
bert Hastings Pan-y, composed for and first demned to death. As Rachel is thrown into
performed at the Binuingbam (England) a cauldron of boiling oil, and before Eleazar
Festival, Aug. 29, 1888. Libretto from the shares her fate, be announces tbat Rachel
Bible and tbe Apocrypba. It was revised is tbe Cardinal's daughter. Among the
by tbe composer and first given in London, best numbers are the declaration of the
:
Dec. G, 1888, under tbe direction of Dr. A. Cardinal, " Si la rigueur et la vengeance ;
C. Mackenzie. —
Academy (1888), IL 125, the Passover scene and prayer, "Dieu que
142, 394 ; AtbeuEcum (1888), II. 298. ma voix tremblante ;
" Rachel's air, " II va
JUDITH. See Lolario. venir ;

" the trio, " Tu po.ssedes, dit-on, uu
JCGEIMENT DERNIER, LE (Tbe Last joyau niagnifique " tbe duet between Ele- ;
Judgment), cantata, text by Cbevalier Roger, azar and tbe Cardinal, "Ta fille est devant
music by Antonio Salieri, first given in Paris, le concile;" and the tenor air, "Rachel!
1787. It was written in Vienna for tbe So- quaud du Seigneur." La Juive received
ciete d'Apollon of Paris, and was suug at its
concerts and at tbe Concerts Sjjirituels witb
great apjilause.
JUHE ! JUHfi
See Mefidofele.
!
JURE, LA (Tbe Jewess), opera in five
acts, text by Scribe, music by Halevy, first
represented at tbe Acadumie Royale de Mu-

sique, Paris, Feb. 23, 1835. It was given
in London, Drury Lane, in Freucb, July 29,
1846, and in Italian as La Ebrea, Covent Gar-
den, July 25, 1850. Tbe libretto was writ-
ten for Rossini, wbo declined it for tbat of
GuiUaume Tell. Tbe mise en scene for the
first production cost 150,000 francs. Origi-
nal cast
Racbel Mile Falcon.

Eudoxie Mmc Dorus-Gras.
Eleazar M. Nourrit.
Leopold M
Laf ont.
Falcon, as Rachel.
Le Cardinal M. Levasseur.
431 representations in Paris up to 1877.
Tbe scene is laid in Constance in 1414, the It was first given in New York, April 30,
home of Eleazar and bis foster-cbild, Rachel, 1860, with Jlme Fabri as Rachel. Per-
daughter of the Cardinal Brogni. To reformed in German at the ]\Ietropolitan
venge him for the death of his two sons, Oj)era House, Dec. 7, 1887, with Lib Leh-
Eleazar has educated her as a Jewess. mann Eudoxia, Frau Biro
in tbe title-role ;
Leopold, an Austrian Prince, comes to de Marion ; Herr Niemann

Eleazar, Tbe ;
Constance on an expedition against the Cardinal, Herr Fischer and Leopold, Herr ;
Hussites, becomes enamoured of Rachel, Alvary. Published by Scblesinger (Berlin,

and feigns to be a Jewish painter. The 1835), new ed., German translation by B. von
Emperor arrives with his retinue, among Lichtenstein (Berlin, 1853). Lajarte, ii. 150 —
wdiich Eudoxie, Leopold's wife, wbo dis- Clement et Larousse, 388
is Atbeupeum ;
covers tbe unfaithfulness of her husband. (1843), 820 Upton, Standard Operas, 128. ;
The Cardinal pronounces maledictions on JULL\, Padre BENITO, Spanish monk

tbe Jews, and Eleazar and Racbel are con- and comjjoser of tbe 18tb century. He was
JULIE
a pupil at the school of music at the Con- ducted the promenade concerts at the Drury
vent of MoutseiTat, Catalonia, where his Lane Theatre, and the Lyceum, in 1840-59.
works are preserved. They occupy an im- He travelled also with his entire orchestra
portant place in musical history his Ee- through Great Britain, and in 1853-54
;
spouses for Holy Week are considered re- through the United States. In 184G Le
—
markable productions. Fc'tis, Supplement, started a shop especially for the sale of his
ii. 34 Mendel, Ergiinz., 175.
; own music, took charge of the Drury Lane
JULIE, ou le pot de fleurs, French opera- Theatre in 1847, but failed with this specu-
comique in one act and in prose, text by lation, as well as with the subsequent or-
M. A. Jars, music by Sjiontiui and Faj", ganization of concerts and balls at the Sur-
first represented at the Opt'ra Comique, rey Gardens then conducted oratorios for
;
Paris, March 12, 1805. This was Spontini's a short time, and after his farewell con-
first opera-comique with French words. It certs went to Paris to escape his creditors,
was coldlj' received. Produced without but was imprisoned there.
Soon after his
success in Berlin, Dee. 5, 1808. became insane (18G0), and at-
Julie, liberation he
French operetta, text by ^lonvel, music by tempted suicide he was placed in an asy- ;
Dezede, Paris, Sej^t. 25, 1772 by Auber, lum, and his death was announced soon
;
his first ojiera, represented privately, Paris, after. To make music popular he employed
1805. In German, by Georg Braun, Eich- the best solo and orchestral performers, se-
stiitt, 1779 by Julius Miller, 1810.
; lected the most attractive music, and did
JULIEN, HENRI DE SALN'T-,born at much to improve orchestras and the taste of
Mannheim, Feb. 6, 1801, died at Carlsruhe, his audiences. Works Pietro il Grande, :
Nov. 13, ISiL Amateur composer, occu- musical drama in five acts, represented in
pied an important governmental jjosition London, Aug. 17, 1852 Quadrilles, waltzes,
; ;
settled in Carlsruhe, where Fosca directed and other dance music. Grove Fetis — ; ;
his studies in composition. He founded a Mendel.

school of vocal music in that city ; visited JULIUS CiESAR, overture to Shake-
Paris in 1829, and entertained friendly re- speare's traged}', for orchestra, in minor, F
lations with Cherubini, Boieldieu, Victor by Schumann, op. 128, comi)osed in 1851,
Hugo, and other celebrated men. His first performed at a music festival in Diissel-
Lieder for one voice, and songs for four dorf, Aug. 3, 1852, at the Gewandhaus, Leip-
male voices, were well known in Germany. sic, Jan. 17, 1853. First performed in New
He published also three quartets for strings York by the Philharmonic Society in the
(Paris, 1830).—Fi'tis. season of 1871-72. Published by Henry
I
JULIEN (Jullien), LOUIS ANTOINE, Litolfi' (Brunswick, 1855). Arranged for

born at Sisteron pianoforte for four hands by W. Bargiel.
(Basses- Alpes), April JULIUS CESAR, overture and music to
23, 1812, died near Shakesiêare's tragedy,by Hans von Billow,
Paris, Blarch 14, op. 10, published by Schott (Mainz, 1800).
18G0. Pupil of Le- First performed in New York by the Phil-
carpentier and of harmonic Society in the season 1875-7(J.
Halevy at the Con- Arranged for the pianoforte for four hands
servatoire, Paris, in by A. Heiuz (Schott, Mainz, 1868-73).
"
1833-3G, then con- JUMENTEER, BERNARD, born at Loves,
ducted concerts, but near Chartres, March 24, 1749, died at
left the city on ac- Saint-Quentin, Dec. 17, 1829. Church com-
count of insolvency in 1838, and went to poser, pupil of Delalande, director of mu-
London, where he established and con- sic at the Cathedral of Chai-trcs became ;
JUNGBAUER
chief instructor at tlic Maitriso of Saint-Malo ness ; Former Memories ; III. Procession
in 177;{, director of music at the cliurch iu Conquerors to the Coronation at of the
Coutauces iu 177(5, and at the end of the Rheims IV. Joan in Prison, her Triumph, ;
same year was called in the same capacity Death, and Ajjotheosis (introducing the
to the royal chapter at Saiut-Queutin. Joy theme from Beethoven's 9th symphony).
Works Chloris et Mcdor, historical opera,
:
Upton, Standard Symphonies, 301 Athen- — ;
1793 5 oratorios 3 symphonies for full ffium (1885), i. G72.

; ;
orchestra 5 masses for 3 voices, chorus,

; JUNGMANN, ALBERT, born at Lagen-
and orchestra 5 do. for 4 voices, and do. salza, Nov. 14, 1824, still living, 1889. Pi-
; ;
short mass for do. Requiem for do. Te anist, for many years employed by the
; ;
Deum for do. do. for 3 voices and do. music publishers G. W. Korncr, Erfurt, and
; ;
Pater uoster for do. Stabat Mater for 4 G. A. Sjjiua, Vienna has composed a great
; ;
voices, and do. 8 Magnificats for 2, 3 or 4 number of morceaux de salon for the pi-
;
voices, and do. G4 motets for 1-4 voices, anoforte, which found great favor, and were
;
with orchestra 3 De Profundis for do.

; published in Vienna, Leipsic, Oft'eubach, ;
116th psahu for 2 voices, chorus, and or- etc. Mendel Fetis, Supplement, ii. 35. — ;
chestra 28th psalm for a bass voice, and

; JUNIvER HEINZ, German opera, text by
do. 10 O salutaris for 1-4 voices G Domine G. Franz, music by Carl von Perfall, rejire-
; ;
salvum, for do. various other anthems. sented iu Jluuich, Aiuil 9, 18SG.
; The li-
— Fetis Mendel. ; bretto is founded ou the ijoem " Heinrich
JUNGBAUER, FERDINAND COLES- vou Schwabeu," by Wilhelm Hertz. The
TIN, born at Grattersdorf, Bavaria, July G, opera, full of dramatic interest, was splen-
1747, died at Grossmehring, near Ingol- didly mounted and met with an enthusias-
stadt, in 1818. Benedictine monk, received tic reception. Signalo (188G), 545. —
his musical education in his convent, for JUNKER, KARL LUDWIG, born at
which he composed a great deal of music. Oehringen iu 1740, died at Rupertshofen,
On its suppression he became professor May 30, 1797. Pianist, studied music iu
at the gymnasium of Amberg, and sub- his youth, weut as tutor to Switzerland on
sequently a priest at Grossmehring. leaving the University, became jirofessor of
Works 6 German masses for 1 voice, with l^hilosophy at the Gymnasium of Heides-
:
organ Canticles for do. Vespers for do.

; heim in 1778, court chaplain at Kirchberg
; ;
Stabat ]Mater (on Wieland's German trans- in 1779, pastor at Dettingen in 1789, at
lation), for 4 voices, organ, 2 horus and Landsiedel, near Kirchberg, iu 1793, and at
bassoon Miserere, for do. (without bas- Rupertshofen iu 1795.
; Works Genoveva :
soon) 3 litanies for do.

; Vespers for 3 im Thurme, melodrama, SjJeier, 1790 Die
; ;
voices and do. German To Deum for 2 Nacht von Zachariil, musical declamation
;
voices and organ German songs, with pi- for jjianoforte, with violin and bass ad libi-
;
anoforte. Fetis Mendel. — ; tum 3 concertos for pianoforte with oi'- ;
JUNGFRAU MARIA See Slraddla. chestra Other music for pianoforte. Fe-
!
; —
JUNGFRAU VON ORLEANS, DIE (The tis Mendel Riemann. : ;
Maid of Orleans), music to Schiller's tragedy JUI'IN, CHARLES FRANCOIS, born at

of, by Max Bruch, performed at Cologne, Chambery, Nov. 30, 1805, died in Paris,
April", 1859. Juue 12, 1839. Violinist, pupil of Monti-

JUNGFRAU VON ORLEANS, DIE, celli and of Giorgis. Real name Louvet
symphonic poem, by Moszkowski, first per- his family settled in Turin, when he was
formed at the Loudon Philharmonic con- ouly two years old, and changed its name
cert. May 20, 1885, conducted by the com- ou account of the opprobrium resting on it,
poser. I. Pastoral Life ; 11. Inner Conscious- it beiu'jr also that of the assassin of the
JUPITER
Due de Ben-j-. He appeared successfully JUST, JOHAN AUGUST, born at Gro-
iu public at the age of twelve ; became a ningen in 1750, died ('?). Pianist and vio-
pupil iu Paris of Baillot at the Conservatoire, linist, pupil of Kirnberger in Berlin, and of
where lie won the 1st prize for violin in Schwiudele at the Hague. From 1770 until
1823 ; became
violin at the OJeon,
first 1782 he was court musician to the Prince of
and 182G professor of violin and chef d'or-
in Orange. At the time of the French inva-
chestre in Strasburg. He was one of the sion he went to Berlin, and thence to Lon-
organizers of the musical festivals of Alsace ;
don where he became a celebrated teacher.
returned to Paris iu 1835. AVorks La : He published sonatas there, which are con-
vengeance italienue, ou le Franyais a Flo- sidered his best compositions, and a Method
rence, opura-comique, given at Strasburg, for the harpsichord. Two operas by liiin,
1834 Concerto for violin and orchestra Le marchand de Smyrne, and Le page, were
; ;
Variations brillantes for orchestra ; Grand given at Amsterdam. —Van der Straeten, iv.
trio for pianoforte and striugs ; Trio for 387 ; Viotta ; Futis.
strings ; Variations coucertantes for piano- JUSTE CIEL! C'EST IMA FEMME.
forte and violin ; Fantaisie for do. ; Theme See Zampa.
variu for violin, etc. — Fetis ; Mendel.
JUPITER m AEGOS, opera by Handel,
advertised for performance at the Hay- FR.\NCISCUS IGNATIUS, Dutch
market Theatre, May 1, 1739, but no record
KAA,composer of the 18th century. He
of its representation is given. It was partlj' lived at The Hague until 1780, aud
a pasticcio, and does uot contain more than
1781-92 was Kapellmeister of the cathe- in
twenty original numbers. The last pages, dral at Cologne. Works 12 symphonies :
dated " fine dell' opera Jupiter iu Argos, for strings, flute, 2 oboes and 2 horns G ;
April 24, 1739," are iu the Fitzwilliam Li- trios for harpsichord, and strings 12 quar- ;
brary, Cambridge. No complete score has tets for striugs. Fetis Gregoir, Biog., — ;
—
been found. Chrvsander, Handel, ii. 453. 101 Viotta. ;
JLTITER .SY:\iPHONY, name given to KACZKOWSKY, JOSEPH, born at Ta-

jMozart's 49th and last symphony, iu C, bor, Bohemia, second half of the 18th cen-
composed with the s^mphouies iu E-flat tury, died ('?). Violin virtuoso, travelled
and G minor between June 2G and Aug. 10, through Germany giving concerts. Works :
1778, being written iu fifteen days. The 2 concertos, op. 8 and 17 Rondeau a la ;
autogi'aph is owned by Julius Andre, of polonaise, op. 9 Vai'iations et polonaises, ;
Frankfort. Mendelssohn was the first to with accompaniment of quartet, op. 1, 2, 5,

show that a favourite passage of seven bars, G, 7, 18, 22 ; Variations for violin, with vio-
near the close of the Andante, was an alter- lin aud bass, op. 3 aud 4 ; Duos, op. 10, 14,
ation from the original score. I. Allegro IG ; G etudes or caprices for violin, op. 13 ;
vivace II. Andante cantabile

; ; HI.Menu- several collections of polonaises for piano-
etto ; IV. Finale, Allegro molto. The credo forte. — Fetis.
in Mozart's ^Mass in based on the well- F KADELBACH, KARL GOTTLOB, born
is
known subject in the Finale of this sym- at Rudolstadt, Silesia, iu 17G1, died at Bol-
phony. First performed by the Philhar- kenhain, Nov. IG, 1829. Organist, cantor
monic Society of New York in the season at Bolkenhaiu in 1785. He published the
of 1843-44. Breitkopf & Hartel, Mozart church cantata. Lobe den Hern, and excel-
—
Werke, Serie viii. No. 41. Kijchel, Verzeich- lent organ compositions. Mendel Fctis. — ;
niss, 551 Jiihu, Mozart, iv. 135

; Mendels- IL\FFKA (properiy Kawka), JOHANN
;
sohn's Letters, ii. 350 Upton, Standard CHRISTOPH, born at Ratisbon in 1759,
;
Symphonies, 197. died (?). Violinist aud dramatic composer,

KAFFKA
brother of Wilhelm Kafflca, pupil of Kicpel list Schijnebcck, at Coiênhagen of Schall,
entered the orchestra of the Trhicc of Thuni and in composition of Kunzen. He returned
uud Taxis at Katisbou appeared as a siuger to his native city iu 1804, became music
;
and actor iu Berlin in 1778, and later in director to the Count von Dohna, at Mall-
Breslau ;
Hoftbeater iu Dessau miitz iu 1809 went to Breslau for three
went to tlie ;
iu 1800, settled at Eiga in 1803 as a book- years in hope of restoring his health thence ;
seller, and after that appeared only occasion- iu 1812 to Peterswaldau, near Eeicheubach,
ally in concerts as violinist. Works Op- as a school teacher and orgauist, and iu —
eras: Das Milchiuiidchen, Breslau, 177!) 1815 became director of music of the Piida-
Lucas und Hauncbeu, Hamburg, 1782 Die gogium and Seminary at Ziillichau, where ;
Zigeuner, Breslau, 1780 Der Apfeldieb, he founded a singing society and conducted
;
ib., 1781 Antouius uud Kleojxitra, ib., the weekly winter concerts. Works Can-
;
:
1781 Das wiitbende Heer, ib., 1782

;
So tata for the anniversary of the Eeformatiou
;
prellt man Fiichse, ib., 1782 Das Fest (1829) Other cantatas, motets, choruses,
; ;
der Brenuen Bitten und Erborung, ib., etc., for the church 15 four-part songs with
; ;
1783 ;Die Feier der Guade des Konigs organ or pianoforte, for do. Symphony for ;
Der bliude Ebemanu Der Talisman Eosa- orchestra Overture for do. Concerto for
; ; ; ;
munde, melodrama Several ballets Ora- vioUu and orchestra Do. for bassoon Sev-
; ; ; ;
torios Der Tod Ludwig's XVI. Jesus lei- eral concertos for pianoforte Sonatas, and
: ; ;
dend uud sterbend Masses Eequiem variations for do. Duos for viola and vio-
; ; ; ;
Vespers, etc. Dlabacz — Fctis; Mendel; loncello ; Preludes for the organ. Fetis ; ; —
Schilling. Mendel ; Schilling.
KAFFKA, "\VILHELj\I, born iu the latter KAISEE5LARSCH (Emperor's ]March),
part of the 18th century. Violinist, son for grand orchestra and chorus, by Eichard
and pupil of Joseph Kafflca (1730-179(5), Wagner, first performed in Berlin, May 5,
and like him member of the orchestra of the 1871, Wagner conducting. Luther's hymn
Prince of Thuru und Taxis, 1788 became ; Ein' feste Burg is introduced. Published
Conzertmeister in 180C. He was consid- by Peters (Leipsic and Berlin, 1871). Ar-
ered one of the best concert and orchestra ranged for pianoforte by Carl Tausig for ;
players of his time. He composed masses pianoforte for 4 hands by Ulrich for 8 ;
and other church music, never published, hands by Aug. Horn. Wochenblatt (1871), —
but popular throughout Bavaria. Mendel — ;
2G0 Glaseuajip, Eichard Wagner's Leben
;
Gerber Schilling.
; und Werken, ii. 298.
KAFKA, JOHANN NEPOMUK, born at KALANUS, cantata for soli, chorus, and
Neustadt, Bohemia, May 17, 1819, died in orchestra, text b}- Carl Andersen, music by
Vienna, Oct. Pianist, law stu- Niels W. Gade, op. 48, first performed at
23, 18SG.
dent in Vienna in 1840 took up the pro- the Gewandhaus, Leipsic, iu 1870. Pub-
;
fession of music, and became known by lished by Breitkopf & Hiirtel (Leipsic,
small but brilliant compositions for the 1869).— Mus. Wocheublatt (1870), 793.
drawing-room, of which he published up- KALCHER, NEPOMUK, JOHANN
wards of 200 pieces in Vienna, Leipsic, etc. born at Freising, Bavaria, iu 17G6, died in
—Fotis, Supplement, ii. 3G ; Mendel. Munich in 182G. Organist and pianist,
KAHLEE, JIOEITZ FRIEDEICH AU- pupil of the court organist Berger then ;
GUST, born at Sommerfeld, Silesia, July in Miiuich (1790) of Griitz, through whose
20, 1781, died at Ziillichau in 1834. Church influence he became court organist in 1798.
composer, pupil at Sorau of Erselius on the One of his scholars was the thu'teen-j'ear
organ, and from 1798 of Thiele on the vio- old Carl Maria von Weber, who dedicated
lin, then (1802) at Liibben of the violoncel- his second work to him iu 1800. He pub-
KALKBREX]SEIl
lisljcil concertos ami sonatasjilayer, became acquainted
for harpsi- concert
with
chord ; symphonies, Clementi and Hummel, and received les-
masses, songs, etc.
— Jlendel Fctis Schilling.

; ; sons in counterpoint
KALKBRENNEll, CHllISTIAN, Lorn at from Albrechtsber-
Mitnden, Hanover, Sept. 22, 1755, died in ger, through the in-
Paris, Aug. 10, 180G. Pianist and dramatic fluence of Haydn.
composer, puisil at Cassel, where his father In 1805 he jjlayed
had become city mvisician, of the court or- at the court of Mu-
ganist Becker on the pianoforte, and of nich and in Stutt-
Karl Eodewald on the vioUu was a chorus ; gart, and returning
singer in the opera, and at that time pub- to Pai'is, on account
lished his first compositions. Having sub- of his father's death
mitted a mass for four voices to the Acca- in 180G, he appeared
demia filarmonica of Bologna, he was elected in j)ublic with much
an honorary member in 1781. He worked success,and was greatly in demand as a teach-
with renewed ardor for public recognition, er likewise in London, where he lived in
;
and in 1788 was called to Berlin as Kapell- 1814-23 as the foremost virtuoso of his time.
meister to the queen. In 1790-9G he held In 1818 he associated with Logier to promote
a like position under Prince Heinrich of the latter's invention of the chiroplast ; in
1823 made a concert tour through Ger-
Prussia, at Ilheinsberg, then lived in Naples
until 1707, when he went to Paris, and be- many with the baip virtuoso Dizi, and in
came chef de chant at the Opera in 1799. 182-4 settled again in Paris, where he be-
Neither his compositions nor his writings came a partner of the pianoforte manufac-
are now of any especial value. Works turer Plej-el. He visited Germany once
Operas La veuve du ]\Ialabar, Democrite, more in 1833, and Belgium in 183G. Pos-
:
La femme et le secret, Lanassa, etc., given sessed of great vanity, very proud of his
at Eheinsberg, 1790-9C
Olympic, Paris, improvising, he even proposed in 1831 to the
;
Opera, 1798 La deseente des Fivancais en more gifted Chopin, that the latter should
;
AngleteiTO, ib., 1798 Pygmalion, scene with be his pupil for three years, in order to be-
;
orchestra, ib., Societe philotechnique, 1799 come a good artist. Works 4 concertos ;
:
Scene from Ossian, ib., 1800 Le mort par for pianoforte, op. 61, 85, 107, 125 (for 2
;
speculation, opera-comique, Theatre IMo- pianos) Rondos brillants, for jiiauoforte ;
liere, 1800 CEnoue, Opera, 1812 3 sona- and orchestra, op. 60, 70, 101 Fantaisies
; ; ;
tas for pianoforte and strings, op. 1 6 do. et variations, for do., op. 72, 83, 90, 113
;
for iîanoforte and violin, oj). 2 and 3 Eo- Septet for pianoforte, 2 violins, 2 hoi-ns,
;
niances d'Estelle, with pianoforte. Futis viola, and bass, op. 15 —

Quintet for piano-
; ;
Gerber Mendel Schilling.

; ; forte, clarinet, horn, bassoon, and double-
Iv.\LKBRENNER, FRIEDRICH (WIL- bass, op. 81 Sestet for pianoforte and ;
HELM MICHAEL), born on the journey strings, op. 58 Quintet for do., op. 30 ; ;
from Cassel to Berlin in 1788, died at Quartet for do., op. 2 ; Trios for do., op. 7,
Eughein-les-Bains, near Paris, June 10,

1849. Pianist, son of ami first instructed by
Christian Kalkbrenner, then pupil at the ôJW^.X
Conservatoire, Paris, of Louis Adam on
the pianoforte, and of Catel in harmony
won the first prize for pianoforte and for
composition in 1801. In 1803 he visited 14, 26, 39, 84 Duos for do., op. 11, 22, ;
Vieima and Berlin, where he appeared as a 27, 39, 47, 49, 63, 86 Sonatas, fantaisies, ;
KALLENBACII
roiuleaux, I'tudes, etc., for pianoforte ; Me- 90 ; 9 Divorti-ssomonts, op. 28, 43, 47, 52,
tliode pour apprendre Ic pianoforte ;"i I'aide 58, 59, 66, 75, 134 ; 14 Variations, op. 13,
du <,'uitle-maius, op. lOS ; Traite d'barmouie 14, 18, 21, 22, 25, 53, 57, 73, 77, 83, 89, 94,
du pianiste. — Allgem. d. Biogr., xv. 29 129 12 Rondeaux, op. 10, 11, 10, 19, 23,
; ;
Allgem. mus. Zeitg. ; Fetis ;

Ledebur, Ton- 24, 37, 40, 42, 49, 80, 84 Marches, intro- ;
kUnstler-Lexikon Berlins ; Mendel Schil- ductions with rondos and variations, dances,
;
ling. songs, duets, and choruses, etc. Allgem. —

IvALLENBACH, GEORG ERNEST d. Biogr., XV. 39 Badische Biogr., i. 441 ; ;
GOTTLIEB, organist of the early part of Gassner, Univ. Lex., 472 ; Heindl, Gallerie
the 19th century. He lived chiefly in beriihmter Pildagogen, etc., i. 333 Wurz- ;
Magdeburg, where he was organist of the bach.

Church of the Holy Spirit became popular K.\LLIWODA, WILHELM, born at
;
by his songs, most of which were published Donaueschingen, July 19, 1827, still living,
in a collection with the title Oden und 1889. Pianist, son and pupil of Johann :
Lieder zum Singen beym Clavier fiir un- Wenzel Kalliwoda, subsequently pupil of
getibte \md geiibtere Siinger und Spieler Mendelssohn at Leipsic, in 1847, and of
(Magdeburg, 179G). He wrote also an opera. Hauptmann in 1848. Director of music,
Das Schattenspiel an der Wand, and the in- in 1849, in the Catholic church at Carlsruhe,
termezzo Ehestandsscenen. Fetis —
Ger- where he succeeded his father as Hof-Ka- ;
ber Mendel Schilling.

; ; pellmeister in 1853, and also conducted the
KALLIWODA, JOHANN WENZEL, philharmonic society. He retired in 1875.
born in Prague, He published
symphony, an overture, a
Feb. 21, 1801, died liiauo-forte music, and songs. Fotis Men- ;
at Carlsruhe, Dec. del Riemann. ;
3, 1866. Violin KAMENOI-OSTROW (Kamenoi Island,

virtuoso, jnipil of at the mouth of the Neva, with an imperial
Pixis at the Conser- summer palace), 24 portraits for pianoforte,
vatorium, Prague, by Anton Rubinstein, op. 10. Published by
in 1810-16 played Schott (Mainz, between 1852 and 1860).
;
in the orchestra KAMIENSia, MATHIAS, born at ()den-

\ \ of the Prague the- burg, Hungary, Oct. 13, 1734, died in War-
atre
saw, Jan. 25, 1821. The first composer of
in 1 8 1 6-22 ;
visited Munich about 1823

was Kapell- Polish ojêra, and an excellent violinist.
;
meister to Prince Furstenberg at Donau- When quite young he occupied a position

eschingen in 1823-53 then lived retired in the chapel of Count Henkel, then went
;
at Carlsruhe. Works Blanda (or Bianca ?), to Vienna to study composition and the pi-
:
opera, given in Prague, 1847 Prinzessin anoforte, and settled in Warsaw as a teacher.
;
Christine, ojêra Mass, op. 137 ; 6 Sym- His first opera, Nedza Uszczesliwiona (Com-
;
phonies for orchestra, op. 7, 17, 32, 60, 106, fort in misfortune), given in 1778, was sung
132 14 Overtures for do., op. 38, 44, 55, by Polish singers, and excited much enthu-
;
56, 101, 108 126, 140, 143, 145, siasm.

76, 85, Works Zoska, czyli wiejskie zaloty
, :
206, 226 13 Fantaisies, op. 1, 33, 41, 64, (Sophia, or wooing in the country), 1779
;
;
74, 125, 157, 158, 173-175, 193, 212; 2 Prostota szczesliwa (Happy simplicity) ;
Concertos for violin, op. 9 and 20 (2 vio- Balik gospodarski (The Country ball), 1785 ;
lins) ; 7 Concertinos, Slowik (The Nightingale), 1786 Tradycya

op. 15, 30, 72, 100, ;
110, 133, 151 11 Duos, op. 50, 70, 111, zalatwiona (The adjusted tradition), 1788
;
;
116, 152, 178, 179-181, 213, 234 3 Trios, Sultan Wampun, German opera Anton und ; ;
op. 121, 130, 200 3 Quartets, op. 61, 62, Antoinette, do.
; Cantata for the inaugura- ;
KAMMEL
tion of King Sobieski's statue, 1702 Masses, Berlin under the composer's direction, June
;
offertories, and polonaises. — Biblioteca

18 and 23, 181G. The MS. is in the posses-
Warszawska (1854), i. 23 ; Sowiuski, 280 sion of Max M. von Weber. A new text was
;
Wurzbacb. written by Prof. F. Sieber and the music ar-

K^yiBIEL, ANTON, born at Hanna, Bo- ranged by Wieprecht, for the Prussian Mili-
hemia, about the middle of the 18th cen- tilr-MusikchiJre in 1870. Publfshed by
tury, died in London, about 1788. Violin- Schlesinger (Berlin, 1870). Jiihu, Weber —
ist, Count Waldsteiu to study under
sent bj' Verzeichniss, 202 Upton, Standard Can-
;
Tartiui in Padua. On his return to Prague tatas, 340 Reissmann, Weber, 83, 108
;
his jjlaying was greatly admired, and he Weber, Weber, i. 481 iii. 94 Allgem. ; ;
travelled through Germany and to Loudon, mus. Zeitung (18), 154, 405 (23), 424. ;
where, though not successful at first, he bein Prague, KANKiV, JOHANN VON, born
came court-musician. Works C Overtures died there, April 15, 18G5. : Nov. 10, 1772,
for orchestra, op. 10 6 Quartets for strings, He became dean of the University in 1815,
;
op. 4 do., op. 8

; 3 do., and 3 for flute or and rector in 1829 was much attached to
; ;
oboe and violoncello, op. 17 Beethoven, and was of great assistance to

; 3 do. for flute,
2 violins, and bass, op. 14 18 Trios for him in his dispute with the Kinsky family. ;
strings, op. 11, 23, 25 G Divertissements He wrote on Austrian and Bohemian law.
;
in quartets, op. 21 G Sonatas for piano- Works A cantata Concerto for piano-
; : ;
forte and strings, op. 16 ; G do. for 2 violins, forte (Leipsic, 1804) ; Music to Colleu's
oj). 2 ; Do., 015. 7 ; 6 Duos for do., op. 5 ; Do., War Songs (Prague, 1809) ; Themes with
op. 12 ; Do., op. 19 ; 18 do., op. 20, 22, 2G ;
variations for the pianoforte. — Dlabacz ;
4 do., and 2 for violin and violoncello, op. Gerber ; Grove.

15 ; 6 solos for violin, oji. 9 ; 6 Sonatas for KANNE, FRTEDRICH AUGUST, bom
do. and bass, oj). 13. — Dlabacz ; Fetis at Delitzsch, Saxony, March 8, 1778, died
Wurzbach. in Vienna, Dec. IG, 1833. Dramatic com-
KAMMERLANDER, KARL, born at poser and poet studied law in Leipsic
;
Weissenhorn, Suabia, April 27, 1828, still and Wittenberg, and later music and lit-
living, 1880. Organist, studied music in erature. For a year he was secretary to
his native town, and at the Stephan College, the Prince of Anhalt Dessau then studied ;
Augsburg, in 1840, and was organist of St. composition in Dresden under the cantor
Stephan's for six years. Subsequently he Weinlig, and lived at Leipsic in 1801-1806,
was a pupil of Carl Kemjiter, and became when he ajspears in Vienna as the protege
organist of the Studienkirche, then in 1853 of Prince Lobkowitz, who offered him a
choir-master of the church of St. Max, and home in his palace. In 1809 he became
in 18G7 of St. Moritz. Works Psalm XIII., : Kapellmeister of the Theatre at Presburg,
with orchestra ; 33 songs and ballads ; 21 but he was of such an erratic disposition
songs for male chorus, and others for mixed that he left this, as well as several other
chorus Church and organ music. Mendel.
; — good positions, and returned to Vienna,
KAMPF UND SIEG (Combat and Vic- where he wrote concert and theatre criti-
by Wohlbriick, music by
tory), cantata, text cisms and taught music, doing nothing
Carl Maria von Weber, for soli, chorus, and long or successfull}'. Works — Oi)eras :
orchestra, written in commemoration of the Orpheus, given in Vienna, Kiiruthnerthor

battle of Waterloo, June 18, 181.5, first per- Theater, 1807 Miranda, oder das Schwcrt
;
formed in Prague, Dec. 22, 1815. The work der Rache, ib.. Theater an der Wien, 1811 ;
made a great impression bj' its stirring mili- Das Schloss Tabor oder der Kampf der
tarj- color, and Weber received a gold medal FlussgOtter, Zauberspiel, ib., 1818 Die ;
from the King of Prussia. Performed in eiserne Jungfi-au, melodrama, ib., 1822
KANNEGIESSER
Malviuca, Zauberspiel, ib., 1823 ; Lindane, KAPSBERGER. JOHANNES HIERO-
Oiler die Fee und der Haarbeutelscbiieider, NYMUS, born in Germany of noble par-
do., Theater in der Leopoldstadt, 1824 entage, died in Rome about 1G50. Virtu-
Die Zauberschmiiike oder das Land der oso on the theorbo, lute, guitar, and trumpet
Erfindungen, Zauberposse, ib., 1825 Pbi- went to ; lived in Venice about 1G04, then
lipp uud SuscLeu, oder der falscbe Jupiter,Rome, where he won the favor of Athana-
lujtbologiscbes Zaubersijiel, ib., 1832 Dersius lurcher and acquired considerable in- ;
Cyclop Die ElfeukOuigin Sappho Der fluence. He was very vain, and sought to
; ; ;
Untergang des Feeureichs Die Maiuacht, gain the good will of Urban VHI., by set-
;
oder der Blocksberg, given iu Berlin about ting this jjope's Latin poetry to music and
1834 Cucilia, cantata Mass Symphony
;
by servile flattery but when he wanted his
; ; ; ;
Trios for pianoforte and strings Sonatas, music substituted for Palestriua's, the sing-
;
rondos, etc., for pianoforte 12 duets for ers of the Pajjal Chapel i-ebelled and so
;
Soprano and Tenor Many songs and bal- spoiled it in the singing that he was de-
;
lads.— Fotis N. Necrol. der D. (1833), 804 feated. He was not a bad musician, how-
; ;
Vogl's Volkskalender (Vienna, 18G2), 163 ever, although much a charlatan, and his ;
Wurzbach. lute tablature was simpler and clearer than

IvANNEGIESSER, JUSTUS JACOB, that used by his contem2)oraries. Works :
born at Hanover in 1732, died iu Berlin, Intavolatura di chitarrone (1G04, 161G,

Feb. 15, 1805. Violinist, court musician to 1G2G) ; Madrigali a 5 voci (1G09) ; Villanelle
the Prince of Wiirtemberg in Berlin, 1755, a 1, 2 e 3 voci (lGlO-32) ; Intavolatura di
and royal chamber musician there in 178G lauto (IGll, 1623) Arie passeggiate (1612, ; ;
pensioned in 1798. His compositions, 1623, 1G30) Motetti passeggiati (1612) ; ;
though popular in his lifetime, remain iu Balli, gagliarde e correnti (1615) Sinfonie ;
MS. Duets for 2 soprani, and songs were a 4 con il basso continuo (1G15) Capricci a ;
published in Berlin. Mendel —

Gerber due stromenti, tiorba e tiorbino (1617) Two
;
; ;
Schilling. books of Poemata Carmiua, written by et

KANZLER, JOSEPHINE, born at Markt- Cardinal Barberini, later Urban VHI. (1624,
Ti)lz, near Munich, iu 1780, died (?). Pian- 1G33) Fetonte, a musical drama, and Pas-
;
ist, pupil of Marcus Falter and Lauska iu tori di Betlemme, a recitative dialogue
Munich, of Griitz, Danzi, and Abt Vogler. (1G30) MissreUrbana3, andLitaniseDeiparse
;
She married the oboist Fladt. Works 2 : Virgiuis (1631) Apoteosi di S. Ignazio, e di
;
quartets for pianoforte and strings (Paris, S. Francesco Xaverio Several niqitial can- ;
Vienna) German songs

; Sonatas and ; tatas, and other compositions in manu-
themes varies for pianoforte remain in man- scrijit. —
Allgem. d. Biogr., xv. 107 Ambros, ;
uscript. —
Fetis Mendel. ; Gesch., iv. 125 Fetis Gerber Riemann ;
; ; ;
KAPP, F. KAEL, bom at Schwansee, Schilling; Walther.

Thuringia, in 1772, died (?). Pianist, and KARGEL, SIXTUS, lutist and composer,
organist, composer, sou of a school-master living in Mainz in the second half of the IGth ;
pupil at Erfurt of the music director Wei- century. He published Carmina italica, gal-
mar, and of Hiissler. He became organist lica, germanica, ludenda cythara, and other
of the principal Lutheran church at Min- works for the lute (1569-1574). His Reno-
den, Westphalia, in 1795. Works Quar- vata cythara, etc. (Mainz, 1569 Augsburg, :
;
tet for pianoforte and strings, op. 6 12 1575), is said to be one of the oldest works ;
preludes for the organ, op. 8 G pieces of the guitar school. Allgem. d. Biog., xv.
; —
finales, for do., op. 9 Sonatas for iDiano- 121 Fetis Van der Straeten, i. 95 ii. 100.
;
; ; ;
forte, op. 1-3 Themes vai-ies for do., op.

;
KARGER, FRIEDRICH WILHELM
4, 7.— Fetis ; Mendel ; Schilling. ALOYS, born at Schreckendorf, Silesia, in
KARNEVAL
179G, (lied (?) Organist, pupil of his father
forte, and became a salesman in ]5rard's pi-
;
accompanied a litany ou tlic organ when anoforte factory. He was the father of AI-
eight years old, and played ou the violin in phonse Karr, the novelist. Works Sonatas :
public at ten. He finished his musical edu- for pianoforte and violin, op. 8 and 13 ;
cation at Breslau, was a singer in the ca- Nocturnes for do. (or flute), op. 33, 42, 47,
thedral, and studied the works of Mozart, 49, .51, 53, 55, G3, G9, 9G, 185 Divertisse- ;
Albrechtsljerger, and Kuecht. In 1817 lie ments for do., op. 92, 113, 117 Sonatas for ;
Avent to Vienna, Prague, and Dresden, and pianoforte Duos, fantai.sies, nocturnes, for ;
in 1818 became organist of the Catholic do. (4 hands), etc. Fcti.s. —

church at Neisse. His compositions, con- KASSKA, 'WTLHELM, born at Ratisbon
sisting of masses, motets, and other church in 1752, died there in 1800. Violinist, pu-
music, overtures, and a violin concerto pil of Jo.seph Touchemouliii early in life ;
with orchestra, were never jjublished. —

Fc- he entered the orchestra of the Prince of
tis ; Mendel ; Schilling. Thurn und Taxis, and became Conzertmeis-
KARNEV.\L IN ROM, DER, German ter. He left in manuscript several violin
operetta in three acts, text by Joseph concertos, sym^jhonies, and masses. Men- —
Braun, music by Johann Strauss, repre- del Fctis. ;
sented at the Theater an der Wien, Vienna, KASSMAYER, MORITZ, born in Vienna
March 1, 1878. The libretto is founded on in 1831, died there, Nov. 10, 1885. Violin-
Sardou's " Piccolino." It was sung by ist, pupil at the Couservatorium of Sechter
Svoboda, Szika, Friese, and Mmes Geis- and Preyer became leader of several so- ;
tinger and Charles. Published by Spina. cieties, was violinist at the Imiêrial Opera,
— Hanslick, Moderue Ojjer, 3.38. and later director of ballet music. Works :
KAROW, KARL, born at Stettin, Nov. Das Landhaus zu Meudon, comic opera,
l.'S, 1790, died at Bnnzlau, Silesia, Dec. 20, given in Vienna, 18G9 Music for court ;
18G3. merchant he re-

Pianist, son of a ; ceremonies ; Symphonies ; Masses, with or-
ceived a liberal education and studied the chestra ; 6 quartets for strings ; Volks-
violin under Liebert, and the pianoforte, weisen und Licder fiir das Streichquartett
organ, and harmony under Haak. After humoristisch und contrapunktisch bear-
serving in the campaign of 1813-1814, in beitet, op. 14-lG, 27, 29; Musikalische
which he was seriously wounded, he re- MesaUiaucen fiir Streichquartett mit Piano-
sumed his study in Berlin, under Ludwig forte zu vier Hiinden, op. 22 Songs, und ;
Berger and Zelter, and in 1818 was appoint- choruses for male voices. Mendel Fetis, — ;
ed instructor in the teachers' seminary at Supplement, ii. 3G.

Bnnzlau. Works 2G Chorals and 10 cho-
: KASTNER, JOHANN GEORG, born in
ruses for male voices 30 jjart-songs 12 do. Strasburg, March 9, 1810, died in Paris,
; ;
for use in schools 25 canons for 3 voices Dec. 19, 18G7. Dramatic composer, and
; ;
172 preludes for the organ 400 choral mel- didactic writer, pupil of Maurer and li'imer
;
odies, arranged in 4 parts for the organ. at Strasbm-g, and of Berton and Reicha in
He published also Leitfaden zuiu praktisch- Paris, whither he went in 1835. He held a
nietodischeu Unterricht im Gesange, etc. position as organist when ten years old.
(Bunzlau, 1838).— Fetis Mendel; Schil- ; Sent to a Lutheran theological seminary,
ling do., Supplement, 231.
; be devoted his spare time to music, mas-
K.ARR, HEINRICH, born at Zweibriick- tering several instruments, composing for
en, Bavaria, in 1784, died in Paris, Jan. 10, the harpsichord, and studying harmony.
1842. Pianist, son and pupil of a German Though he left much music, he is impor-
violinist who settled in Paris, was subse- tant chiefly on account of Lis educational
quently pupil of L'Eteudart on the piano- works. Besides many other distinctions.
KATZER
he was inaJc liouorary doctor by the Uni- IvjVTZER, IGN.VZ, born at Gross-Auer-
versity of Tilbingen, member of the lusti- schin, Bohemia, Sept. 30, 1785, died after
tut of France, and of several foreign acade- 1850. Church composer, pupil of Iguaz
mies, officer of the Legion of Honour, etc. Priesel, who was organist in his native
Works — Operas : Gustav Wasa, given at place, then of Kohler at Kronstadt. He
Strasburg, 1832; Der Tod Oscar's, ib., entered the service of Barou Bossangi at
1833 Der Sarazene, comic ojjera, ib.,
;
Gross-Boschau, Hungary, where he led an
1834 Die Kimigiu der Sarmateu, ib.,
;
orchestra for many years. After the baron's
1835 Beatrice, given in Germany, 1839
; ;
death in 1832, he travelled, giving concerts,
La maschera, Paris, Opera Comique, 1841 ;
and went as far as Rome. Among his com-
Le dernier roi de Juda, biblical opera, Salle position.?, most of which remain in mauu-
du Consen%atoire, 1814 Les nonnes de scrij>t, are over 20 masses with orchestra
;
Kobert le Music and organ, litanies, 7 symjjhonies, quartets,

Diable (1845), not given ;
to the drama Die Belagerung von Misso- pieces for wind instruments, and many
loughi, Strasburg, 1829. Vocal music with songs. Fetis; Gassuer, 475 "Wurzbach. — ;
orchestra 4 hymns with chorus 2 grand

: KAUER, FERDIX.V2yD, born at Ivlciu- ;
cantatas Sardauapale, dramatic scene

; Thaya, Moravia, Jan. 8, 1751, died in Vien- ;
Stephen, ou la harjie d'Eole, lyric mono- na, April 13, 1831. Organist, dramatic
logue with choruses Les cris de Paris, and chm-ch composer filled the position of
; ;
humorous sv'mphouy, with soli and chorus organist in the Jesuit college at Znaim, while ;
Reve d'Oswald, ou les Sirenes, do. with yet a boy, then, having been a tutor at Rum-
orchestra La veuve du marin, dramatic burg and begun to study medicine at Tyr-
;
scene Le negre, do.

; Le proscrit, do. uau, went to Vienna, where he studied ; ;
Pensees d'amoui-, do.; Le barde, do. Ju- countei-point under Heidenreich, and taught ;
das Iscariote, do. Grand cantata for 2 the pianoforte. In 1795 he became direc-
;
tenors and 2 basses ; Bibliothi'que chorale ;

tor and first violinist at Marinelli's theatre.
Suite de cantiques romances, melo- ; Many Afterwards connected with other theatres as
dies, and noctui-nes Choruses for male ; Kapellmeister or composer, he finally eked
voices, and songs. Instrumental music : out a living as violoncellist in the orchestra
3 symphonies for full orchestra 5 over- ; of the Leopoldstiidter Theater. He com-
tures, do. 10 serenades for wind instru-
; posed about 200 oiêras, operettas, vaude-
ments 30 marches and jxas redoublt-s for
; villes, etc., of which his ojjeras. Die Ster-
do. ; Grand sestet for saxophones ; man}' nenkunigin, and Das Donauweibchen, were
pieces for vai-ious instruments. Didactic best known. Other works Die Siindfluth,
:
works: Traitc general d'instrumeutatiou oder Noah's VersOhnungsopfer, oratorio,

(Paris, 1837) Cours d'instrumentation cou-
; Vienna, 1809 20 masses, several Requiems,
;
siderce sous les rapports jioetiques, etc. ;

and other church music Symphonies,
;
Granimaire musicale Theorie abregee du quartets, trios, concertos, and other instru-
;
contrepoint, etc. Methode elementaire mental music Cantatas, songs, etc. Most
; ;
d'harmonie, etc. 12 methodes elemeu- of this music was lost during the great
;
taires, for various instruments, and the flood in Vienna in 1830. He wrote also
voice De la composition vocale et instru- methods for the violin, flute, and clarinet.
;
mentale Manuel general de musique mili-

; Allgem. d. Biog., xv. 461 Fetis Gerber — ; ; ;
taire, etc. ; Paremiologie musicale

de la Wurzbach.
laugue frangaise, etc. Ludwig, J. G. Kast- —
KAUFFMANN, GEOEG FRIEDRICH,
uer (Leipsic, 1886); Fetis do.. Supple- born at Ostermoudra, Thuringia, Feb. 14, ;
ment, ii. 37 Eiemann Schilling Allgem. 1679, died at Merseburg in March, 1735.
; ; ;
mus. Zeitg., xL-L Organist, j)upil of Buttstedt at Erfurt, then

KAZTNSKI
at Merseljurg of Alberti, whom
be succeeding, 1889. Organist, pupil of Sir George
ed as organist at the catliedral and at the J. Elvey in 1870 he was appointed organ- ;
court afterwards became KajieUmeister. Of ist of Peterborough Cathedral, a position

;
his coiupositions was jjublished only Har- which he still holds. Mus. Bac, Oxford,
:
monische Seelen Lust inusicalischer Gon- 18G9; Mus. Doc, ib., 1877. Works: An-
ner und Freunde, a collection of 75 chorals thems; Benedicite in E-flat Magnificat ;
(Leijjsic, 1833-3G). His many works for and Nunc dimittis in B-flat Offertory Sen- ;
the church, the organ, and pianoforte re- tences ; Morning and Evening Service in
main in niauuscrijit ; also a theoretical B-flat ; Symphony for orchestra (MS.).
work, Ausfiihrliche Einleitung zur alteu KEHL, JOHANN BALTHASAK, born at
iiud neuen Wissenschaft der edlen Musik. Coburg first half of the 18th century, died
— Allgem. d. Biogr., xv. 473 Fetis Ger- soon after 1780. Organist at Erlangen, and
; ;
ber ; Wiuterfeld, Kirchengesang, iii. 488. cantor at Bayreuth

became blind in 1780. ;
IvAZYNSKI, VICTOR, born at Wilna, Works

Die Hirten bei der Krijjpe zu
:
Lithuania, Dec. 18, 1812, still living, 1889. Betlehem, oratorio Die Pilgrime auf Gol- ;
Dramatic composer, pupil of Eisner at War- gatha, do. ; Cantatas

Sonatas for piano-
;
saw in 1837-39. On his return to Wilna in forte ; 4 collections of chorals, etc. Men- —
1840 he wrote the music for his drama Fe- del ; Gerber ; Futis.
nella, and an oijera, The Wandering Jew KEISER, REINILiRDT, born at a vil-
(1842), which was very successful. He lage between Weissenfels and Leipsic in
lived iu St. Petersburg after this, travelled 1G73, died in Hamburg, Sept. 12, 1739.
iu Germany and Austria, and on his return Pupil of his father, a musician of ability ;
to Russia published a musical diary (St. then studied at the Thoma.sschule and the
Petersburg, 1845). He became chef d'or- University of Leipsic. When nineteen
chestre of the Imjêrial theatre and brought years old (1692) he was commissioned by
out an opera, Man and Wife, in 1848. the court of Braunschweig- Wolfenbiittel to
Published works Overtures Cantatas
: ; set to music a pastoral, Ismene. His suc-
Fantasias on Russian themes and tarantel- cess procured him the libretto of a serious
las Concertos for pianoforte and for violin.
; opera, Basilius, which was equallj- well re-
His Album of Song (1855) was very pop- ceived. The flourishing condition of the
ular in Russia and contains some of bis Hamburg opera, the leading lyric theatre
best vocal compositions. — Mendel ; Rie- in Germany at that period, attracted him
mann ; FOtis ; Sowinski. opera per- to that citj' in 1G94. His first
KEEBLE, JOHN, born at Chichester in formed there, Ii-ene (1G97), was followed
1711, died in Loudon, Dec. 24, 178G. Or- by at least 115 others during his forty
ganist, chorister in Chichester cathedral un- yeai-s' residence there. In 1700-02 he gave
der Thomas Kelway, then pupil of Dr. Pe- a series of winter concerts, at which famous
pusch. He became organist of St. George's, singers and players appeared. He then
Hanover Square, and also at Rane-
in 1737, undertook the management of the opera in
lagh Gardens. Works 5 books of organ : connection with Driisicke, who soon ab-
music 40 interludes to be played between
; sconded Keiser, however, was successfid
;
the verses of the Psalms (with Kirkman) ;

in his venture, and in 1709 he married the
Songs, etc. He published also The Theory daughter of a Hambui-g patrician. In 171G
of Harmonics, or an Illustration of the the winter concerts were resumed in 1722 ;
—
Grecian Harmonica (1784). Grove Fetis he went to Copenhagen, where he was made
; ;
Burney, Hist., iii. 331. Kapeluiester to the King of Denmark, and

KEETOX, H.\YDN, born at Mosborougli, in 1728 he was appointed Cantor and Canou
Derbyshire, England, Oct. 2G, 1847, still liv- at the cathedral at Hamburg, for which
KEISEK
church he wi'ote sacred music. His second p.arts, ib., 1702
much Die verdammte ;
last opera, Circe,was written iu 1734. Staatssuclit, oder der verfiihrte Claudius,
During the last few years of his life, he ib., 1703 Die Geburt der IVIinerva, ib., ;
lived with his daughter, quite a noted 1703 Die fiber die Liebe triumphirende
;
singer, iu the enjoyment of absolute leisure. Weisheit, oder Salomon, ib., 1703 Nebu- ;
Keiser may be called, in a certain sense, eadnezar, ib., 1704 Die rOmische Uuruhe, ;
the father of German opera. Before his oder die edelmiithige Octavia, ib., 170.5 ;
day German opera was but a slavish copy Die kleiumiithige SelbstmOrderiu Lucretia,
of current French and Italian models. Kei- oder die Sta.atsthorheit des Brutus, ib.,
ser shone especially by his melodic inven- 1705 La fedelta corouata, ib., 1700 ; Ma- ;
tion, by the vigor and truth of his dramatic sagniello furioso, ib., 170G La costanza ;
expression, and the originality of his treat- sforzata, oder die listige Piarhe des Sueno,
ment of the orchestra. His style was more ib., 170G II Genio d' Holsatia, ib., 170G; ;
distinctly German than that of any dra- Almira, ib., 1700 Der angenehme Betrug, ;
matic composer of that or of the succeed- oder der Carneval in Venedig, ib., 1707 ;
ing generation. He was one of the most La forza dell' Amore, ib., 1709 Die blut- ;
lirolilic of writers, and no exact estimate diirstige Puiche, oder Heliates und Olympia,
can be formed of the number of his works, ib., 1709; Desiderius KOnig der Longob.ar-
almost all of those he wrote at Copenhagen den, ib., 1709 Die bis in und nach dem ;
having been lost when the palace was bui-nt Tod uuerh()rto Treue des Orpheus (con-
in 1794:. The following list includes all his densed from Orpheus), ib., 1709 La gran- ;
works that are now known dezza d' animo, oder Arsinoe, ib., 1710
:
;
I. Operas Linmn, AVolfenbiittel, 1G92 Der durch den Fall des grossen Pompeius
:
;
Der KOnigliche Schiifer, odcr Bat<ilius in erhOhete Julius Cilsar, ib., 1710 Der hoch- ;
Arcadien, ib., 1G93, and Hamburg, 1094 mtithige, gestiirzte und wieder erhobene
]\Iahmuth U., Hamburg, 1G9G Der geliebte Croesus, ib., 1711
; Die osterreichische ;
Adonis, ib., 1G97 Die durch "Wilhelm den Grossmuth, oder Carolus V., ib., 1712
; ;
Grosseu in Britanuien wieder eingefiihrte Die entdeckte Verstillung, oder die geheime
Ir)'i)i% ib., 1097 Der bei dem allgemeinen Liebe der Diana, ib., 1712 Die wiederher-
; ;
Weltfrieden von dem grossen Augustus gestellte Ruh, oder die gekn'mte Tapferkeit
gesclilossene Tempel des Janus, ib., 1098 des Heraclius, ib., 1712 L' inganno fedele,
; ;
Allerunterthi'inigster Gehorsam, ib., Nov. oder der getreue Betrug (repeated, with a
1.5, 1098 ; Die bestilndige und treue Ismene, diflerent beginning, as Die gekrOute Tu-
ib., 1G99 ;Die wunderbar gerettete Iphige- geud), ib., 1714 Der Trivimpf des Frie- ;
nie, ib., 1099 Die Yerbindung des grossen dens, serenata, ib., 1715 Fredegunda, ib.,
; ;
Hercules mit der schunen Hebe, ib., 1099 1715 L' amore ver.so la patria, die Liebe
; ;
Die Wiederkehr der gUldnen Zeit, ib., 1099 gegen das Vaterland, oder der sterbende
;
Der aus Hyperboreen nach Cimbrieu tiber- Cato, ib., 1715 Ai'temisia, ib., 1715 Die ; ;
gebrachte goldene Apfel, ib., 1099 La riimische Grossmuth, oder Calpurnia, ib.,
;
forza della Virtil, ib., 1700 Der gede- 1710 Das romische Aprilfest, ib., 171G
; ; ;
muthigte Endymion, ib. 1700 (repeated as Das vereinigte und triumphirende Hans
,
Phiicton in 1702) Konigliches preussisches Oesterreich, serenata, ib., 1716

; Das zer- ;
Ballet, ib., 1701 Stortebecker und Godge stOrte Troja, oder der durch den Tod
;
Michaels, first and second parts, ib., 1701 versohnte Achilles, ib., 1710 Die durch ;
Die wunderschijne Psj-che, ib., 1701 Circe, Verstellung und Grossmuth fiber die Grau-
;
oder Ulysses, first ^sart, ib., 1702 Pomona, samkeit siegende Liebe, oder Julia, ib.,
;
ib., 1702 (repeated as Der Streit der vier 1717 Der grossmfithige Tomyris, ib.,
;
Jahreszeiteu in 1703) Ori^heus, first and 1717

; Der die Festung Siebenbfirgisch-
;
KfiLER-r.ELA
Weissenburg rrolicrndo nml Da- Beilage, Nos. 7 and 4 in von Winterfeld's

iihci- tlie ;
cier triuini)Liieude Kaiser Trajanus,

ib., Evang. Kirchengesang in Adam Hiller's ;
1717 ;Das bei seiner Kuh uiul Geburt Vierstimmige Motetten, etc., vol. II., and in
eines Priuzeu frolilockende Lyeien uuter the Auswahl vorz. Musikwerke. Fetis — ;
der Regierung des Kijiiigs Jobates iind Grove Clirysander, G. F. Hiindel, i. 80. ;
Bellerophon, ib., 1717 Die betrogeiie und ;K1':LER-BELA (.ybert von Keler), bom
nachmals vergotterte Ariadne, ib., 1722 at Bartfeld, Hungary, Feb. 13, 1820, died ;
Das froLlockende Grossbritannien, ib., at Wiesbaden, Oct. 20, 1882. Composer of

1724 ;Das wcgen Verbanniuig der Land- dance music, studied at first law, then farm-
plage an dem Geburtstago eet. Friedricli ing, but devoted himself to music seriously
IV. jauebzende Cimbrieu, serenata, ib., in 1845, when he went to Vienna, studied
1721 Bretislaus, oder die siegende Bcstiin- under Sechter and Schlcsinger, at the same
;
digkeit, ib., 1725 Der hamburger Jalir- time joining the orchestra of the Theater
;
markt, ib., 172.') Die hamburger Schlacht- an der Wien as violinist became leader of
; ;
zeifc (marked in tlio score as his 107th Gungl's band at Berlin, in 1854 succeeded ;
opera), ib., 172.5 Prologus zum Geburts- Lanner at Vienna in 1855 was Kapellmeis-
; ;
feste Friderici Ludovici K. H. zu Hanno- ter in an infantry regiment there in 1856-

ver, ib., 172G Mistovejus, ill., 172G Der 03, then went to Wiesbaden, where he be-
; ;
stunime Priuz Atis, intermezzo, ib., 172(J came conductor of the Kur orchestra in
;
Lucius Verus., ib, 1727 Circe, ib., 1731. 18G7 he resigned on account of ill-health
; ;
n. Other works : R
Keisers Gemiiths- in 1873. Works Overtures Violin solos : ; ;
Ergutzung, bestehend in einigen Sing-Ge- Dance music. Mendel Grove Fi'tis, Sup- — ; ;
dichten, mit einer Stimme und unter- plement, ii. 38.

schiedlichen Instrumenten (Hamburg, KELLER, GOTTFRIED, German harp-
Nicolas Spieringk, 1G98) Divertimenti sichord player, who settled in London about
;
serenissimi, duets and aira with clavecin the beginning of the 18th century, died
(Hamburg, 1713) Der fiir die Siindeu der there in 1721. He published G sonatas for
;
Welt gemarterte und sterbeude Jesus, ora- 2 violins, trumpet, or oboe, viola, and con-
torio, Hamburg, Holy "Week, 1712-13 (ex- tinuo (London, 1710) G .sonatas for 2 flutes ;
tracts published ib., 1711) Musikalischo and basso continuo were published after his
;
Landlust. cantatas with continuo for clave- death, besides " A complete method for at-
cin (ib., 1711) ; Kaiserliche Friedenpost, taining to play a thorough-bass upon either
songs and duets with clavecin (ib., 1715) ;
organ, harpsichord, or theorbo-lute," etc.,
Weinachts-Cantate fiir 2 Soprani, 2 Violinen, which was William

printed also in Dr.
Viola und Bass (ib., no date) ; Der verur- Holder's work on harmony (London, 1731).
theilte und gekreuzigte Jesus, oratorio, — aiendel Hawkins' Hist., v. 170 Fetis.
; ;
poem by Brockes Two Passion-musics ; KELLER, JOHANN ÎICHAEL, born at

many other sacred compositions. Extracts Obei-elchingen, Bavaria, Dec. 29, 1800, died
from many of his operas were published in at Augsburg, Ajiril 3, 1SG5. Organist, pu-
Hamburg, as follows: From L' iuganno Fe- pil of Franz Biihler, Augsburg. He became
dcle, 1711 ;From Almira and Octavia, successively organist of the St. Georgskirche,
Zacharias Hiirtel, 170(5 From La forza and the Ulrichskirche, choir-master of St.
;
della German), 1701

Virtil (in Lindner ;
Stephans, 1838, and Kapellmeister of the
has edited an overture, 7 opera arias and a cathedral in 1839. Works Canticum Za- :
duet, as the 2d volume of his Die erste ste- chariie (1847) ; In exitu Israel, Psalm with
hende deutsche Oper (Berlin, Schlessinger, instrumental accompaniment Salve Rogina
;
1855) Other selections in Reissmann's

; (1840) ; Te Deum (184G) ; and Vidi aquani,
Allgem. Gesch. d. Miisik, iii. 51-73, and hymns, graduals, etc. — Mendel.
KELLER
KELLER, KARL, born .it Dessau, Oct. 10, ing, 1889. Pianist, pupil in Miuueapolis of
1784, died at Sfhatniauseii, July 19, 1855. P.W. Merriani, and iu Chicago of Clarence
Flute player, sou of the court orgauist, Eddy; studied in Stuttgart, in 1876-80,
Gottbilf Keller, and educated by several theorj' aud orchestration with ]\Iusik-di-
court musicians. An accomplished per- rektor INLax Seifriz, pianoforte with Wil-
former at the age of twenty, lie was a great helin Speidel, and organ with Friedrich
favorite in Leipsic, where Eeichardt gave Fink. In 1880 he went to San Francisco,
him lessons and secured him a position in California. Works Overture aud inci- :
the royal chapel. Li 1806 he went with him dental music to Macbeth, given iu San
to Cassel, where Keller was for seven years Francisco in 1885, New York, 1887 Theme ;
first flute iu the royal chapel, and singing and variations for string quartet Gi'and ;
teacher to the Queen of Westphalia. After Polonaise (four hands), and other piano-
two years iu the royal chapel at Stuttgart, he forte music Phases of Love, a series of ;
made a concert tour through Germany, Hun- songs, one in the Chinese scale Music to a ;
gary, France, and Holland, and finally went to comic opera, text by \. C. Gunter (MS.).
Vienna, whence Prince Fiirstenberg called IvELLNER, ERNST AUGUST, born at
him to a post in his orchestra at Douaucs- Windsor, England, Jau. 2G, 1792, died in
chiugen later he was also director of the London, July 18, 1839. Pianist and bari-
;
theatre there, andof a music-school which he tone singer, probably a grandson of Johann
founded, was pensioned iu 1840, aud retired Christoph Kelluer began to study the pi- ;
to Sohaft'hauseu. Works 3 concertos for anoforte when only two years old, aud played
:
flute 4 polonaises with orchestra, op. 7, 13, 24, a concerto by Handel at five.
; In singing
34 Divertissements for do., op. 10, 31 Vari- he was a pupil of WilUam Pearson, and
;
;
ations, do., op. 3, 11, 14 Pots-pourris, do., op. from 1815 at Naples of Nozzari, Casclla, and
;
4, 9 Soli for flute, op. 17

;
Duos for do., op. Cresceutini. After his return to England
;
39, 40, 48 G part-songs for male voices, oix in 1820, he won success as a j)ianist and
;
;
—
49 Many songs. Ft'tis Mendel Schilling. singer, especially when travelling with Mine
; ;
KELLER, MAX, born at Trostberg, Ba- Catalani in 1824-25 he sang at the Teatro ;
varia, in 1770, died at AltOtting, Dec. IG, della Feuice in Venice, then in Bologna,
1855. Organist, was a chorister iu the where he was made a member of the Acca-
Benedictine convent where he studied the demia filarmonica, and in 1828 went to St.
organ under his elder brother Josejjh Kel- Petersburg. Having visited Paris iu 1833,
ler, whom he succeeded as oi'gauist in 1788 he returned to London in 1834, and became
-98. During that time he made journeys organist of the Bavarian chapel. Among
to Salzburg, where he profited by the advice his compositions, left in manuscript, was
of JMichaelHaydn. After three years in Burg- an opera, Poland. Case of precocious mu- —
hausen, he became organist of the chapel at sical talent, etc. (Loudon, 1839) Fi'tis. ;
Altotting. Works G German masses for

: la^LLNER, GUSTAV, born at Weida,
one voice aud organ, with a second and Saxe-Weimar, in 1809, died in Weimar,
third voices, 2 violins, 2 flutes, 2 clarinets, Feb. 24, 1849. Pianist, and writer on mu-
etc., ad libitum 3 Latin masses, for do. 3 sic was for several years Kapellmeister of
; ; ;
do. for 3 voices and organ Litanies for 4 the theatre orchestra at Potsdam, and in
;
voices and organ, with other instruments 1838 settled at Weimar to teach the piano-
ad libitum Advent hymns, funeral chants, forte.
; Works 2 small ojêras, given at :
etc.; Preludes, cadences, versets, etc., for Potsdam ; Sonatas for pianoforte ; Part-
the organ. —Fctis ; ISIendel. songs for male voices, and songs. — Ft'tis.
KELLEY, EDGAR STILLMAN, born at KELLNER, JOHANN CHRISTOPH,
Sparta, Wisconsin, April, 14, 1857, still liv- born at Grilfenrode, Thuringia, Aug. 15,
KELLNER
173G, died at Cassel in 1803. Organist and the Drury Lane Theatre until his retirement
didactic writer, son and pupil of Johann from the stage. He became manager of
Peter Kelhier, and pupil of Georg Benda in the King's Theatre in 1793, opened in 1802,
Gotha. He travelled tbrougb Germany and a music shop which failed in 1811, and en-
Holland, lived for a while at The Hague gaged also in the wine trade. But his
and in Amsterdamwas organist of the wines seem to have been no more genuine
;
Catholic church in Cassel, and also of one than his compositions were original, as
of the principal Lutheran churches. Sheridan proposed that he should inscribe
Works Die Schadenfreude, operetta, given over his shop Michael Kelly, Composer of
: :
at Cassel, 1782 Die Empfinduugen bei Wines and Importer of Music. He wrote
;
dem Tode des ErlOsers, passion oratorio, or chiefly compiled the music for G2 dramas,
ib., 1792 Several other passions and can- which are now forgotten, and composed
;
tatas, and a complete year of motets and many English, French, and Italian songs.
psalms for 4 voices, with various instru- His Reminiscences (London, 1820), written
ments, and organ obligato 7 concertos for Ijy Theodore Hook from materials f urni.shcd
;
pianoforte, op. 5, 8, 11 Trios for piano- by Kelly, are a highly entertaining store-
;
forte and strings, op. 19 Sonatas for jsi- house of musical anecdote, and contain im-
;
auoforte, op. 2, 15 Preludes, fugues, and portant personal notices of Mozart.

; Grove — ;
other pieces for the organ. His Grundriss Mendel Fetis. ;
des Generalbassos (1783) was once as well IiELWAY, JOSEPH, lived in the 18th
known as nowadays Marx's Com2)ositions- century, died in 1782. Organist, pupil of
lehre.— Allgem. d. Biog., xv. 592 Fetis. Geminiani became organist of St. Michael's,
; ;
KELLNER, JOH.\]StN PETER, born at Cornhill, and of St. Martin's-in-the-Fields,

Griifenrode, Thuringia, Sept. 24, 1705, died London, in 1736. He left harpsichord so-
there in 1788. Organist and church com- natas and some vocal music. His elder
poser, pupil of the cantor Nagel in singing, brother, Thomas (born about 1695, died
of Nagel's son at Dietendorf, of the organ- May 21, 1749), was organist of Chichester
ist Schmidt at Celle on the pianoforte, and Cathedral, 1720. He left services and an-
of the organist Quehl at Suhl in composi- thems which are still in use. Grove. —
tion. He became cantor at Frankenhayn IiELZ, JOH.iNN FRIEDRICH, born in
in 172.5, and in his birthplace in 1727. He Berlin, April 11, 1786, died there iu Janu-
composed preludes, fugues, and dance mu- ary, 1802. Violoncellist, pupil of the city
sic for harpsichord, contained in the collec- musician Fuchs until 1801, then of his uncle,
tion Certamen musicum Organ music, A. F. Metke, while violoncelUst in the ducal
; I
chorals, suites, in Manipulus musices Un- orchestra of Braunschweig-Oels. After the

;
'
published chorals An oratorio

; Cantatas death of the duke he returned to Berlin, and
;
for 4 voices with organ and instruments, became first violoncellist and chamber mu-
etc. —Allgem. d. Biogr., xv. 590. sician to the king, iu 1811, and was pen-
KELLY (OKelly), IMICHAEL, born in sioned in 1857. Although really self-taught
'
Dublin, about 17G4, died at Margate, Oct. in composition, having received only a few
9, 1826. Tenor singer, j)upil of Passeriui, lessons from Zelter, he was a prolific com-
'
Peretti, St. Giorgio, and Rauzzini after poser, and often wrote in the burlesque
;
appearing on the stage in Dublin, he went style which Haydn sometimes adojited.
to Naples in 1779, and studied under Fena- Among his works, numbering about 300,
roli and Aprile. He was engaged at the are Symjjhonies, for 2 violins, bass, trum-
:
court theatre in Vienna, where he was a pets and other toy instruments Quintet ;
friend of Mozart and remained four* years for flute and strings, oj). 79
;
do. for strings,
;
iu 1787 he went to Loudon, and sang at op. 102 Introduction and fugue on the
;
KELZ
name of Fesca, for do., op. 108 ; 20 fugues, [Musical Illustrations of the Beauties of
for do. ; Souatas for pi:inoforte ; motets, Shakespeare Musical Illustrations of The
;
psalms, part-sougs for male voices, aud Lady Lake

of the ; The Vocal Magazine ;
songs. — Fotis ; Mendel. The New System of Musical Education,

IvELZ (Kelzius), M.lTTH.iUS, German Part I. Songs, duets, and glees. Grove. ; —
composer of the 17th century, bom at Baut- IvEMPTEE, FRIEDRICH, born at Lim-
zen, Saxony, died at Sorau, Brandenburg. bach, Bavaria, Oct. 17, 1810, still Hving,
He became cantor at Stargard, Pomerauia, 1889. Church composer and didactic
in lG2(j, and later at Sorau. Works Ope- writer, pupil at the teachers' seminary at
:
retta nuova, a collection of evangelical Dillingen of Heindl, Schwarz, A. Schmid, K.

songs (Leipsic, 183C) Primitiic musicales, Laucher, and later, at Augsburg, of Keller.
;
a collection of sonatas, ballets, sarabands, Became instructor of music in the teachers'

allemandes, etc., for 2 violins, bass, aud seminary at Lauingen in 18il. Besides
basso continue (Ulm, 1658) Exercita- numerous eompo.sitions for the church, can-
;
tionum musicarum a violino e viola da tatas aud songs, he published Unterricht und
gamba, etc. (Augsburg, 16G!)). Fetis —
Uebungeu im Generalbass Auswahl syste- ;
;
IMendel Gerber Schilling W.alther.

; ; matisch geordneter Fingeriibuugen und Cla-
;
KEMMLEm, GEOKG MICHAEL, born vierstiicke and Materialien zu Erlernuug ;
at Diugsleben, Saxe-Meiuingen, iu 1785, eiues gediegenen Orgelsjiiels. Mendel. —

died (?). Pianist, and baritone singer, pu- KEMPTER, KARL, born at Limbach,
pil of his father on the pianoforte and or- Bavaria, Jan. 17, 1819, died at Augsburg,
gan, aud of the cantor Staep iu harmony. March 11, 1871. Organist aud church com-
He studied theology in the University of poser, brother of Friedrich Kempter pu- ;
Jena, iu 180G, aud afterwards for three pil of Michael Keller at Augsburg, and on
years was j^rlvate tutor iu a family at Lo- the violiu of Dominik. In 1837 he became
derslebeu, near Querfurt. He returned to organist of the St. XJb-ichskirche, and in
Jena, aud iu 1812 became cantor aud in- 1839 of the cathedral, where he succeeded
structor at the aud was di-
BiU-gerschule, Keller as Kajiellmeister iu 18G5.AVorks
rector of several vocal societies. But few of Oratorios Johannes der Tiiufer
: Maria ; ;
his numerous and esteemed compositions Die Hirteu von Betlehem Die Offenba- ;
for the church were published. Mendel — ruug des Herrn. German mass, for i voices,
Fetis ; SchiUing. with organ, violoncello, aud bass, op. 8
KEilP, JOSEPH, born at Exeter, Eng- Latin mass, for 4 voices, orchestra, and or-
land, iu 1778, died in London, May 22, gan, op. 9 2 solemn masses, for do., op. ;
1824. Dramatic and church composer, pu- 11, 17 Missa saucta, for SojH'auo and Con- ;
pil of William Jackson became organist of tralto, organ, and orchestra, op. 13 Pastoral
; ;
the cathedral, Bristol, iu 1802 settled in mass, for 4 voices and orchestra, op. 24
; ;
London iu 1809 Mus. Bac, Cambridge, Several other masses, 4 vespers, 15 graduals,
;
1808 Mus. Doc, 1809. He lived iu Exeter and offertories, etc

; Der Laudchorregent, ;
in 1811-18, was in France in 1818-21, and re- a collection of various church music. He
turned to Exeter. Works The Jubilee, au also harmonized the German hymns for the
:
occasional piece, giveu iu London, 1809 diocese of Augsbui'g (1859). Fetis Men-;
— ;
The Siege of Isca (Exeter), or The Battles in del.

the West, melodrama (with Domenico KEXIL WORTH, cantata for soli, chorus,
Corri), ib., 1810 Anthems War Anthem, and orchestra, text by Chorley, music by
; :
1808 The Crucifixion, 1809 I am Alpha Ai'thur Sullivan, first performed at the Bu-m-
; ;
and Omega Twelve Psalmodical Melodies ingham Festival (England), Sept. 8, 18G4.
;
;
Twentv Double Chants Twelve Songs It contains parts of a masque offered to eu-
;
KENNIS
tertain Queeu Elizabeth her yisit in life was sent to Eome by Emperor Fer-
iluiing ;
to the Eail Publiahed by dinand HI., and studied under Carissimi,

of Leicester.
Chappell it Co. (Londou, 18G4). Atbense- perhaps also un- —
uiu (1804), ii., 378. der Frescobakli.
IvENNIS, GUILLAUME GOM]\L\rRE, In IGoG he en-
boru at Lierre, Belgiam, about 1720, died tered the service
at Louvaiu, May 10, 178'J. Violinist, while of the Elector
still quite young was de chapelle of of Bavaria, and
raaitre
the church of Saiut-Gommaire, at Lierre, at the corona-
then of Saiut-Pierre, Louvaiu, and master tion of the Em-
of the children. He is supposed to have peror Leopold
visited London and Paris, although no record I., in Frank-
is found of it. "Works : 12 symphonies for fort, 1658, elec-
orchestra ; and orches- trified his audience by extraordinaiy skill
3 concertos for violin
tra (Paris) C quartets for strings (London)
; on the organ, and a mass of his composi-
;
G trios for do. (Paris) G duos for vioHn tion became famous from that date. In
;
and violoncello (ib.) G do. for 2 violins 1673 he resigned his position in Munich,
;
(London) G sonatas for violin and basso and went to Vienna, where he at first taught
;
continuo (Louvain) —
6 do. (Liege). Fetis. music, but is said to have been ajjpointed
;
KENT, JA]MES, bom at Winchester, organist at St. Stephen's in 1677. In the

England, March 13, 1700, died there. May accounts of the coui't he appears as court
G, 177G. Organist, chorister of Winchester organist from Oct. 1, 1G80, to the end of
Cathedral under Vaughan llichardson, and 1692. He seems therefore to have returned
later at the Chapel Eoyal, Londou, under to Munich shortly before his death. Works
Dr. Croft ; became organist successively at Oronte, opera, Munich, 1657 Erinto, do., ;
Fiuedon, Northamptonshire, Trinity Col- ib. IGGl ; II iiretensione del sole, serenata,
lege, Cambridge, and in 1737-74 of the Ca- ib., 16G1 ; Opus primum Missarum (Nurem-
thedral and College of Winchester. Works
Missa) sex, adjuncta una pro
: berg, 1G69) ;
Morning and Evening Service 20 anthems, dcfunctis, etc. (Munich, 1689); Jlissa nigra,
;
among others, Hear my Prayer, and. My and other masses I{e(|uieni (1CG9) Delec- ; ;
song shall be of mercy. Grove —

Barrett, tus sacrarum cautionum, collection of mo-
;
English Church Composers, 122. tets (Nuremberg, 1(!G9) O bone Jesu, motet ;
KEECHOVE, JOSEPH, born in Ghent, for 2 soprani Trio for 2 violins and viola ;
Sept. 26, 180i, still living, 1889. Church di gamba Toccatas, suites, etc., for harpsi- ;
composer, pupil of his father, of Jean Ga- chord Modulatio organica, etc., a collection ;
briels, and of Pierre Vei'heyen. He was a of organ pieces (Munich, 1686). AUgem. d. —
tenor in several churches, and in 1839 be- Biog., XV. G2S Fetis Gerber :Meudel ; ; ; ;
came director of the Socii'ti' du Saiut-Sau- Riemann.

veur, succeeding Jean d'HoUander. Works KERLE (Keerle), JACOB VAN, bom at
:
Masses, a motets, and other Yjjres, Flanders, died after 1590.

Miserere, Contra-
church music Choruses for male voices, puntist, older contemporary of Orlauilo
;
etc.— Mendel, Ergiinz., 177 Fetis, Supple- Lasso was choir director and canon at
; ;
ment, ii. 39 Viotta. ; Cambrai, entered the service of the Car-

KERL (Kerll, Kherl, Clierle), JOHANN dinal Prince Bishop of Augsburg, Otto von
KASPAll VOX, born at Gaimershcim, near Truchsess, with whom he spent several yeai-s
Ingolstadt, Bavaria, in 1G28, died in Munich, in Rome, and returned to Augsburg, (1562-
Feb. 13, 1G93. Organist, pupil of Giovanni 75). Whether he was ever in the service of
Valentini iii Vienna, whither he went early the Emperor Eudolj^h H., as reported, is
KERPEN
uncertain. Worlis : G Missaj suavissimis of the Nederlaudscho Toonkunstcnaars-
modulatiouibus, etc. (Venice, 15G2) Preces Vereenigiug, for a concerto for violin and
;
speciales, etc. (ib., 1509) ; Madiigali a quat- orchestra, and has

tro voci 1570) H ijrimo libro cai:)itolo
(ib., ; composed other violin
tlel Trionfo d' aiuore del Petrarca (ib., 1570) music. — Fctis, Sup-
II priino libro dei Motetti (ib., 1571), also pli'ment, ii. 39 ; Vi-
jjublisliedunder the title Selectre qua;dam otta.
cantiones, etc. (Nuremberg, 1571) Moduli ; KESSLER, FER.

sacri, cum cantioue contra Tureas (Munich, DINAND, born at
1572) Motetti et To Deum laudamus (ib.,
;
Frankfort-on-the-
1573) ; Cantio in liouorem geuero.si, etc. Maiu, in January, 1793,
(Nuremberg, 1574) Motetfe, quibus ad- ; died there, Oct. 22,
jiiuctisunt ecclesiastici bymni (Munich, 1856. Pianist, pujiil
1575) Sacne cantiones, etc., quibus ad- of VoUweiler and Aloys Schmitt. He com-
;
juncti sunt hymni de resurrection e, etc. posed an opera, symphonies, quartets, sona-
(ib., 1575) ; G Misste etTe Deum (ib., 1576) rondos, and variations for pianoforte, of tas,
•1 Missre suavissimis, etc. (Antwerp, 1583).which few were jûblished. He was the au-
— Allgem. d. Biog., xv. G29 Biog. nat. thor of " System zum Selbstunterricht in der
;
de Belgique, v. 224 Biog. de la Flaudre Harmonic." Mendel lliemanu Fctis Vi-

; — ; ; ;
occidentale, i. 260 Fotis Mendel. ; otta, ii. 304. ;
KERPEN, FEIEDIIICH HUGO, Baron KESSLER (properly Kotzler), JOSEPH

VON, German amateur violoncellist of the CHRISTOPH, born at Augsburg, Aug. 26,
cud of the 18th and beginning of the 19th 1800, died in Vienna, Jan. 13, 1872. Pian-
century. He was capitular of Wiirzburg ist, pupil of the organist Bilek, at Felds-
Cathedral and patron of the Amateur Con- berg, Moravia, then at the Piarists' Semi-
cert Society of that city in 1780. Settled nary at Nicolsburg. In 1816 he went to
at Mainz in 1790, and later at Heilbrouu. Vienna, to study philosophy, and iu 1820
—
Works Ojjeras Der Schiffbruch, Wiirz- to Lemberg, where he taught the piano-
:
burg, 1786 Das Eiithsel, Maiuz, 1791 forte iu the house of Count Potocki four
;
;
Adelheid von Ponthieu, ib., 1798 Cephalus years, and composed his far-famed Etudes,
;
uud Procris, melodrama, ib., 1792 Con- op. 20, published in Vienna and iu Paris, ;
certo for pianoforte, with orchestra, op. 9 recommended by Kalkbrenner iu his pi- ;
3 trios for pianoforte and strings, op. 1 anoforte school, and played iu concerts by ;
Sonata for pianoforte Do. (4 hands), oj). 4 Liszt. He went to Warsaw in 1829, then
;
;
G grand sonatas for pianoforte and violin, to Breslau, and in 1835 again to Lemberg,
op. 8 G ariettas for 3 voices with jjiano- where he taught for many j-ears, finally to
;
forte ; —
German songs, etc. Futis Gerber Vienna, iu 1857. His fitudes rhapsodiques,
; ;
Schilling. op. 51, acquired as much prominence as

KES, WILLEM, born at Dordrecht, op. 20. He published also polonaises, con-
Feb. 16, 1856, still living, 1889. Violin- certos, nocturnes, preludes, etc., for piano-
ist,pupil of Huyssena and August BOhme forte sacred songs for male chorus with ;
and on the pianoforte of Nohldenft, then brass instruments and songs with iîano- ;
at Leipsic (1871-73) of Ferdinand David, forte. Mendel Fetis Wurzbacli. — ; ;
at the Conservatoire, Brussels (1875-76), KESSLER, JOSEI^H HEINRICH FER-

of Wieniawski, finally at the Couserva- DINAND, boru at Tost, Silesia, Dec. 4,
torium, Berlin, of Joachim, Kiel, and Tau- 1808, living, 1889. Vocal and instru-
still
bert. Concertmeester of tlie Park Orches- mental composer, pupil of Siegert and
tra iu Amsterdam. He won the 1st prize Justus Kessler, then of Freudenberg. In
KETTE
1844 lie became cantor of the Elizabetli- KETTERER, EUGENE, born at Rouen,
kirclie,Broslau, where he had beeu a chor- in 1831, died in Paris, Dec. 18, 1870. Pi-
ister since 1832. Works Psalm C for anist, pupil at the Paris Conservatoire of
:
chorus and orchestra 3 cantatas for do.

; Marmontel ; ; won first accessit, 1852. He
Cantata for male chorus with 4 horns In- published ; much light pianoforte music,
strumental compositions Choruses for male popular in
; its day, of which his opera fan-
voices, and songs. — jNIendel ; Fi'tis. tasias are the best. — Fetis, Suppk'ment, ii.
KETTE, ALBERT (Albrecbt), born 40.

near Schwarzenberg, Bavai'ia, in 17'2G, died KEWITSCH (Kiewicz), KARL THEO-
at Wiirzburg in 17(i7. (3rganist, pupil of DOR, born at Posilge, West Prussia, Feb.
his father, then at Wiirzburg of Bayer, or- 3, 1834, still living, 1889. Church com-
ganist to the court and of the cathedral, poser, first instructed by his father, who
whom he succeeded in both positions in was an organist, then at Pclplin (1845-48)
1749. He wrote sacred music, concertos for by Wenzeslaus Maslon, choir director of
organ and for pianoforte, iireludes, and oth- the cathedral there, on the violin, piano-
er organ music. —
Gerber Schilling Fotis. ; ; forte, and organ. He was for three yeais
KETTEN, HENRI, born at Baja, Hun- oboist in tlie band of a regiment, then in-
gary, March 25, 1848, died in Paris, March structor and organist successively at Wabcz
31, 1883. Pianist, pupil at the Paris Con- near Culm (1859), at Schwetz on the Vistida
servatoire, 1857-G6, of Marmontel on the (1859-64), at Graudenz (1864-GG), when he
pianoforte, and of Hak'vy and Reber in was a^jpointed musical instructor at tlie
composition. After travelling several years, newly founded Catholic teachers' seminary
earning applause as a pianist and orchestra at Berent, West Prussia, and became prin-
conductor, he returned to Paris. Works cipal instructor there in 1873. Works
Persian March, for orchestra Sonata for Missa de Beata ]\Iaria Virgine, for mixed
;
pianoforte and clarinet ; —

Songs, etc. Men- choir, op. 3 Missa do Apostolis, for do., ;
del, Ergi'inz., 178 ; Fetis, Supjjlement, ii. 39. op. 5 ; Quatuor Antiphonne, etc., for do.,
KETTENUS, ALOYS, born at Verviers, op. 7 ; Missa de Spiritu Sancto, for male
Belgium, Feb. 22, 1823, still living, 1889. voices, op. 15 6 Polish choral melodies ;
Violinist, pupil at the Liege Conservatoire with double counterpoint, for the organ, ;
made his first public appearance at the age op. 2 ; Collection of Polish hymns, for 4
of nine, and in 1841 became first violinist voices, op. 6 Do. for one voice, op. 9
; ;
in the theatre of Aix-la-Chapelle ; played Vademecum 500 cadenzas for

for organists ;
at concerts in Frankfort, IMainz, Darmstadt, the organ ; 30 pieces for do., op. 33 64 ;
and Carlsruhe, and at the age of twenty- do. ; 36 do. ; Polish book of chorals for the
two was appointed Conzertmeister and diocese of Culm ; German do. ; Festina
solo violin at the theatre and the court of lente, waltz for full orchestra, op. 22 ;
Mannheim, where he studied composition Slavic Scherzo for do., op. 23 ; Der Ahnen
under Vinceuz Lachner. In 1855 he went Tilnze, waltz for do., op. 30 ; 12 four-part
to London, and became first violin in Ju- songs and canons, op. 16 3 songs for mixed ;
lien's band. He directed an opera in Dub- chorus, op. 17 6 Wanderlieder, for male ;
lin in 1856, and returned to London, where chorus, op. 18 ; Pianoforte music, etc. — Men-
he Las been a prominent solo player at del, Ergiinz., 178.
many popular concerts. Works Stella, : KEYRLEBER, JOHANN GEORG, born
opera, given in Brussels, 1862 Concerto ; in Wiirtemberg, where he lived about the
for violin Concertino for 4 violins and or-
; end of the 17th century. He styled himself
chestra ; Duo for pianoforte and violin ;
in his works, Magister et libcralium artium
Sonprs.— FiHis ; Mendel. cultor. He was an atlmirer of the canon
KIEL
form Gcrbcr quotes the connected with Stern's Conservatorium in
in coniiiosition.
following as illustrating this taste Ag- 1866-69. "Works Requiem for soli, chorus,
: :
gratulatio musico-poetica, in 6 Latin dis- and orchestra, op. 20, Bei'lin, Feb. 8, 1862 ;
tichs, with a perpetual canon in IG parts Missa solemnis, for do., op. 40 (1865), ib.,
and 16 violins, capable of being rendered March 21, 1867 Christina, oratorio, op. 60 ;
by 15G voices and as many instruments, (1871-72), ib., April 4, 1874 Requiem, op. ;
etc., composed for the birthday of the Em- 80 ; Stabat Mater, for female choi'us, soli,
peror Josej^h King of Rome (1091). The aud orchestra, op. 25 (1862) Psalm CXXX.,
I., ;
other canons are no less remarkable. —

Ger- for do., op. 29 (1863) Te Doum, for mixed ;
ber Futis Mendel.

: ;
voices aud orchestra, op. 46 (1800) Zwei ;
KIEL, FEIEDRICH, born at Puderbaeh, Gesiluge, for do., op. 63 (1881) 2 Motets ;
Elienish Prussia, for female chorus, soli, and jiianoforte, op.

Oct. 7, 18-21, died 32 6 sacred songs, for women's or boys'
;
in Berlin, Sept. 14, choir, op. 04 6 Motets for mixed chorus,;
1S8.'5. Church and op. 82 4 Marches for orchestra, op. 01

;
instrumental com- Concerto for pianoforte and orchestra, oi^.

poser, first instruct- 30 2 Quintets for pianoforte and strings,
;
ed by his father, op. 75, 76 ; 3 Quartets, for do., op. 43, 44,
who was a village 50 ; 2 String quartets, op. 53 ; 2 series of
school teacher, then waltzes for string quartet, o]}. 73, 78 ; 7
by Prince K a r 1 Trios, op. 3, 22, 24, 33, 34, 65 ; 4 Sonatas
von Wittgenstein
on the violin (1835)
at Berleburg, where in less than a year he
played in the prince's orchestra, and whither
he retm-ued as Coiizertmeister and instruct-
or of his patron's children, after having for violin ; Sonata for violoncello, op. 52 ;
studied theory under Kasjxar Kummer at do. for viola, op. 07 ; Pianoforte music, and
Coburg (1838-39). Being allowed a stipend songs. — Supplement, ii. 40 Illustr.
Fi'tis, ;
by King Friedrich Wilhelm IV., he went to Zeitg. (1885), 364 Mendel Riemann.
ii. ; ;
Berlin in 1842, and studied counterpoint laENLEN, J CHRISTOPH, OH ANN

under Deliu, taking up his permanent resi- born in Poland in 1770, died at Dessau in
dence in Berlin, where he slowlj' but stead- 1830. Dramatic composer, studied at Posen,
ily rose to a distinguished position, due was successively Kapellmeister at the thea-
to his eminent activity as an exponent of tres of Presburg (1808), Augsburg, Briinn,
the classical school. As late as 1859 aud and Baden, near Vienna. After visiting
18(51 he was obliged to arrange private per- Paris, he was director of music in the royal
formances of his compositions, to attract theatre, Munich, and in 1817 removed to
attention even in Berlin, but after his Berlin, where he became vocal instructor at
Requiem, brought out by Stern's Gesaug- the royal opera, iu 1823. He accompanied
verein in 1862, had been received with Prince Radziwill to Posen, which he left
unanimous enthusiasm, aud made the round again at the time of the Polish revolution,
of the musical world, he at once became arriving destitute at Dessau. Works
famous. In 1805 he was made member of Operas Die Kaiserrose, given in Vienna,:
the Academy of arts, iu 1867 royal profes- Leopoldstiidter Theater, 1815 Claudiua ;
sor, and in 1800 Senator of the Academy, von Vlllabella, Augsburg, about 1816 ;
aud professor of comjjosition at the Con- Seherz, List und Rache Petrarca und ;
servatorium, in which capacity he had been Laura, C:U'lsruhe, 1820 ]\Iusic for several ;
KIENZL
dramas ; Hymns, songs, pianofortn music, Ecossaise in F ; V. Francaise in A minor ;
etc. — Fetis ; do., Supplement, ii. 41 ; Men- VI. Ringelreihe in C. Published by Breit-
del. kopf & Hilrtel (Leipsic, 1854). Arranged for
KIENZL, WILHELir, born Waizen- pianoforte for two hands.
at
kircben, Upjier Austria, Jan. 17, 1857, stOl KINDER DER H.VIDE, DIE (Children
living, 1889. Pianist, pu2)il at Gratz of of the Heath), opera in five acts, text by
Iguaz Uhl until 1870, and of Mortier de Moscnthal from Carl Beck's romance,
Fontaine until 1878, and in comjwsition of "Janko," music by Rubinstein, first repre-
W. A. Key. Went to Prague in 187.5, and sented in Vienna, Feb. 20, 18G1 at Dantzic, ;
studied counterpoint under Joseph Krejfti Oct. 4, 1885. Rubinstein's first opera, the
;
he also appeared there successfully as a subject, Gipsy life. Published by Schreiber

pianist, and in 187G went to Leijisic, to at- (Vienna, 1885).— Signale (1885), 86.5.
tend the lectures of Springer, Overbeck, and KINDERMANN, JOHANN ERASMUS,
Paul, and brought out several of his works. born at Nui-emberg, March 29, IGIC, died
In 1877 he returned to Gratz, to take his there, April 14, 1C55. Organist and church
degree, played repeatedly in public, gave composer, was organist at St. Egidius, Nu-
lectures, and arranged performances of his remberg, and one of the most famous per-
own and other modern compositions. formers on his instrument. Works Mu- :
Works Urvasi, grand opera, text by the

: sica Catechica (Nuremberg, 164G) Har- ;
composer after Kalidasa, given at Dresden, monia organica (ib., 1G45) Neu-verstimmte ;
Feb. 20, 1885.— Mendel, Ergiiuz., 180 N. Z. Violen-Lust (Frankfort, 1G52)

; Dilliemis ;
f. M. (1888), 415, 430. evangelische Schluss-Reimen der Predigteu

KIMMERLING, EGBERT, born in Vi- (Nuremberg, 1G52) Musicalischer Felder- ;
enna, Dec. 8, 1737, died at Molk, Dec. 5, und WiUderfreund (Nuremberg, 1G43.)— All-
1799. Church composer entered the Bene- gem, d. Biogr., XV. 7G2
; Fetis Schilling, ; ;
dictine convent of Mi'ilk at the age of six- iv. 87 Winterfeld, Kirchengesang, ii. 447 ; ;
teen, and was ordained jiriest in 1751. Monatshefte f. Mus. Gesch., xv. 37, 138.
While studying theology at the University KINDERSCENEN (Scenes of Childhood),
of Vienna, he was a friend and pujiil in easy pieces for pianoforte, by Schumann,
composition of Joscjih Haydn. He was a op. 15, written in 1838. His last work with
capital tenor singer, and organist, and be- titles for the separate pieces, dating from
came director of the choir of his convent in the period when he wrote exclusively for the
1701. Among his church compositions is l)ianoforte. I. Von fremden Liindern uiid
a Mass, for 8 voices in two choirs, which Mensclien, in G ; U. Curiose Geschichtc, in
Haydn considered his masterpiece. He left D ; III. Hasche-I\Iann, in B-flat minor ; R'.
and duets for string instru-
quartets, trios, Bittendes Kind, in D ; V. Gliickes genug, in
ments ; many church compositions
besides D ; VI. Wichtige Begebenheit, in A VU. ;
in MS. When ]\Iarie Antoinette and Joseph Traiimerei, in F Camin, in F

; VIII. Am ;
n. stopped at Mrilk in 1770, he performed IX. Ritter vom Steckenpferd, in C X. Fast ;
in their honour a Singspiel with ballet Re- : zu ernst, in G-sharp minor XI. Fiirehten- ;
becca, die Braut Isaac's, composed by him, machen, in E minor XII. Kind im Ein- ;
and which pleased the emjieror so much, schlummern, in E minor XHI. DerDichter ;
that he took the score away with him. spricht, in G. Published by Breitkopf &
— Fi'tis Schilling Wûrzbach.
; ;
Hiirtel (Leipsic, 1839). Arranged for pi-
lONDERBALL, Sis easy dances for pianoforte for four hands. Am Camin and
anoforte, four hands, by Schumann, op. Traiimerei arc arranged also for oboe
130, written in 1853. I. Polonaise in F and pianoforte by E. Lund, and for oboe
;
II. Walzer in G IH. Mcnuett in D ; IV. and string tpuu-teL ;

KINDER
KINDER-SYIIPHONIE (Toy Sj-rapliony) IvING ARTHUR, opera, text by Dryden,
for seven toy instruments, two violins, and music by Henry Piircell, first represented
by Haydn, written about 1780. in London
double-bass, in 1791, with great success.
The melodies are supposed to have been The subject is King Arthur's love for and
suggested by the noises heard at a village recovery of Emmeline, the blind daughter
fair, where Haydn is said to have bought of a tributary prince, who has been cap-
the instruments used at its first performance. tured by Oswald, King of Kent. Oswald is
Given Lau- aided by Osmond the Saxon magician, and
at the Swiss musical festival in
sanne, Aug. 7, 1823. also his spii'its, among whom is Grimbald
Mendelssohn Ar- ;
wi-ote a Kiuder-Symphonie (1827). —

Polil, thur by Merlin. Emmeline receives sight
Haydn, ii. 226. through Philidel, a sylph, and is united to
KINDER-SYMPHONIE, by Andreas Arthur. Among the best numbers are the
Romberg, performed many times, and given Saxons' sacrifice before battle with the
" Come,
at St. James's Hall, London, May li, 1880, Britons the Britons' battle song, ;
when the following artists appeared if j'ou dare," frequently sung in after-years
:
by Sims Reeves Philidel's song, " Hither, ;
Arthur Sullivan cuckoo.

hither this way bend " the frost scene ex- ;
Charles Hallu quail.

hibited by Osmond to Emmeline, after she
Joseph Barn by nightingale.
receives sight the Sii-ens' duet, " Two ;
Arthur Chappell woodpecker.
daughters of this aged stream are we " and ;
A. Raudegger drum.
Veuus's song, " Fairest isle, all isles excel-
Mr. Bluraentlial rattle.
ling," in the concluding masque of mytho-
Dr. Stainer and Mr. Kuhe trumpets.
logical characters. This is Purcell's master-
Sir Julius Benedict bellringer.
piece, and was adapted for the modern stage
Mr. Engel triangle.
as Arthur and Emmeline and revived in
Mr. Manns and W. G. Cusins. .first violins.
1827 at the English Opera House, London.
Carl Rosa and Mr. Santley second violins.. .
Published by the Musical Antiquarian So-

Mr. Ganz viola.
ciety (London, 181:3), with the omission of
Mr. Daubert violoncello.
four lost songs; only a few songs in the
Mr. Progatzky double-bass.
" Orpheus Britanuicus " (London, 1698),
Cowen and
IMr. J. F. Baruett .... pianoforte.
and the version by Arne (1770) had been
Henry Leslie conductor.
previously published. —
Burney, iii. 492 ;
KIND, WHiLST DU RUHIG SCHL.i- Hogarth, i. 160 Cummiugs, Purcell, .5.5.

;
FEN, seven variations for pianoforte, in F, KING, CHARLES, born at Bury St. Ed-
by Beethoven, theme from a quartet in munds, Suffolk, 1687, died in London,

Winter's Unterbrochenes Opferfest, written !Marcli 17, 1748. Organist, chorister in St.
in 1799, and published by T. Mollo (Vi- Paul's under Dr. Blow and Jeremiah Clark ;
enna, 1799) Andru (Offenbach, 1800) almoner and master of choristers, ib., 1707
;
Breitkopf & Hilrtel, Beethoven Werke, organist of Benet Fink, London, 1708
St. ;
Serie 17, No. 12. — Thayer, Verzeichniss, Vicar choral, 1730. His Services
St. Paul's,
G7. are in constant use in Great Britain. Works :
KING, ALFRED, born at Shelby, Essex, Services in F, C, D, and B-flat Anthems. ;
England, April 24, 1837, still living, 1889. KING DAVID, oratorio, by George Ale.'c-
Organist at Brighton since 18G5, and to ander Macfarren, first performed at Leeds
Brighton corporation, 1878 Mus. Bac, Ox- ; (England), Oct. 12, 1883. It was sung by
ford, 1872. Works: The Epiphany, ora- Mme Valleria, Mme Patey, Edward Lloyd,
torio ; INIagnificat for Festal use ; Anthems ;
and Charles Santley. — Atheuieum (1883), ii.
Part-songs; etc. 504, 676.

laxG
KING LEAR, overture bj' Autoiiio Baz- States and of Canada, and in 1882 served
ziui, first performeJ at the Crystal Palace, .several mouths as organist at the church of
LouJoii, Feb. 28, 1880. For this work the Holy Lmocents, New York. After 1883
Bazziui received the first prize from the he made concert tours through England,
Societadel Quartetto of ]Milai). — Athena-um L-eland, and Scotland in 1884-8G he was ;
(1880) i. 290. precentor of St. Marylebone Parish Church,

KING, JUTTHEW PETER, born in London and has been organist of Novel-
;
London, 1773, died there, Januai'y, 1823. lo's Oratorio Concerts from their beginning.
Dramatic composer, pupil of Charles Fred- Works : Night, symphony for orchestra ;
erick Horn. Works — Musical dramas : Mat- Among the Pines, concert overture, Lon-
rimony, 1804; The Invisible Girl, 180G don, 1883 (Philharmonic Society i)rize)
False Alarms (with Braham), 1807 ; One Concerto for pianoforte and orchestra,
o'clock, or the Wood Demon Sonata in D minor for violin and
(with Kelly), 1885 ;
1807 ; Ella Rosenberg, 1807 ; Up

1886 Concerto for violin and
all Night, pianofoi'te, ;
1809 Plots, 1810

; Oh this Love, 1810 orchestra, 1887 Concert overture (No. 2)
; ; ;
The Americans (with Braham), 1811 Ti- in D minor, 1888 Psalm cxxsvii. for so- ; ;
mour the Tartar, 1811 The Fisherman's prano solo, chorus, and orchestra, Chester
;
Hut (with Davy), 1819 The Magicians (with Triennial Festival, July 26, 1888; Sym-
;
Braham). The Intercession, oratorio, 1817 phonic cantata for soprano, tenor, and bari- ;
Quintet for pianoforte, flute, and strings, tone, soli, double chorus, and orchestra, ib.,
op. 16 ; Sonatas for pianoforte, op. 1, 2, 5, id. ; Pianoforte solos ; Organ and harmo-
14 Rondos for do., op. 13, 22 Part-songs,
; ; nium compositions ; Violin music ; Chui'ch
duets,and songs. Grove Fetis. — ; music ; Songs, part-songs, etc.
laXG OL.IF'S CHRISTMAS, cantata by KING RENE'S DAUGHTER, cantata for

Dudley Buck, sung by the Apollo Club, female voices, by Frederick Euoch,
text
Brooklyn, N. Y., Nov. 29, 1887, the com- from Henrik Hertz's lyric drama, music
poser conducting. by Henry Smart, written in 1871. Upton, —
KING, OLIVER, born in Loudon, July Standard Cantatas, 330.
5, 185.5, still living, 1889. IvING, ROBERT, English composer of
Pianist, articled in earlj' the 17th century, died after 1711.He was
youth to Joseph Barnby, graduated at Cambridge in and was 169(5,
under whom he studied a member of the band of William and
the pianoforte, organ, Mary and of Queen Anne. Works Songs :
harmonj', and comjiosi- in "Choice Ayres, Songs, and Dialogues"

tion ;
pupil in 1871 of (1684) Songs in Crowne's comedy, " Sir
;
W. H. Holmes on tho Courtly Nice " (1685) Comes Amoris (1687 ;
pianoforte, and in 1874:- -93); The Banquet of Music (1688-92);

77, at the Leipsic Con- Music to Shadwell's Ode on St Cecilia's
servatorium, ofErnst Day (1690) 24 " Songs for One, Two, and
;
Richter, Reinecke, Ja- Three voices, composed to a Thorough

dassohn, Paul, and Hermann ; travelled in Basse for ye Organ or Harpsichord " (Lou-
1877 through Germany as pianist with don, n. d.). — Grove.
Madame Peschka-Leutner. In 1879 he was IvING TROJAN, cantata, for soli, chorus,
appointed pianist to Princess Louise, whom and orchestra, text an English version of
he accompanied to Canada, and with whom Franz .\lfred Muth's poem, music by Hora-
he returned to England in 1883. During tio W. Parker, first performed in Munich
his staj' in America he gave pianoforte rein July, 1885. First given in America by
citals in the principal cities of the United Jules Jordan in Providence, R. I., Feb. 8,
KmG
1S87. rcrfonncd at Chickering Hull, New .scquently became jirofessor of music. Ho
York, Nov. 24, 1887.— Upton, Standard spent several years in Paris, as director of
Cantatas, 292. the German Liederkranz. He wrote many
KING, WILLI A:M, born at Winchester, operettas for men's voices which were very
England, in 1024, died at Oxford, Nov. 17, popular in the German singing societies.
1()80. Organist, chaplain of Magdalen Col- The best known are Der Fiirst wider Wil- :
lege, O.ôrd, 1650-54, then became proba- len, Paris, 1867; Fidelia, ib., 1868; Die
tioner-fellow of All Souls' College, and in Barden ; Der Quacksalber ; Kellner und
1GG4 organist of New College, ib. He cora- Lord. He composed also duets and songs.
po-sed a service in B-flat, anthems, and songs. — Mendel ; Fetis, Supplement, ii. 41.
— Grove ; Fetis. KUiCHBAUER, ALPHONSUS, church
KINIOSL, CHARLES, born of German composer Neresheim, Suabia, middle of
at
parentage, in the Ehenish Palatinate, Ger- the 18th century. He was a Benedictine
many, Jan. 27, 1832, still living, 1889. Pian- monk and chancellor to the Bishop of Chur.
ist, studied principally at Griiustadt, and at He published Jubilus curi;c ccjclestis in ter-
Speyer on the Rhine. In 1850 he went to rcstri curia (Augsburg, 1731, 1740), autl a
America, settled in Cincinnati as a music collection of seven short masses with instru-
teacher, and is now professor of Music in mental accompaniment. Mendel Gerber — ; ;
the Science Hill Female Academy, Shelby- Walther ; F('tis.
ville,Kentucky. Works Pearl and Daisy laRCHHOF, GOTTFRIED, born atMilhl-

:
Polka Polymnia Polka Postilion d'Amour beck, Prussian Saxony, Sept. 5, 1685, died
; ;
Mabel Mazurka Angel of Night Lover's at Halle, March, 1746. Pianist and organ-
; ;
Serenade, and other pianoforte music. ist, pupil of Zachau in Halle Kapellmeister ;
KINKY (Kinsky), JOSEPH, born at 01- to the Duke of Holstein-Gliicksburg, 1709 ;
miitz, Moravia, in 1790, died (?). Dramatic organist of the Benedictine church at Qued-
con:poser, taught music in Vienna, then linburg, 1711 music -director and organist ;
played the viola in the orchestra of the of St. Mary's, Halle, 1714. He published
Theater an der Wien, where he became suites and chorals for organ A. B. C. mu- ;
assistant Kapellmeister to Seyfried, whom sical, a collection of fugues and preludes

he followed to the Kiirntlmerthor Theater. for pianoforte (Amsterdam). Slendel Ger- — ;
He became Kapellmeister of the theatre in ber Walther Fetis. ; ;
Gratz, and ten years later of the Joseph- laRCHNER, THEODOR, born at Ncu-
stadt Theater in Vienna retiree! to Olmiitz kirchen, near Chemnitz, Saxonj', Dec. 10,
;
several years before his death. His ballet 1824, still living, 1889. Pianist and organ-
—
music was very popular. Works Operet- ist, pujiil at the Leipsic Conservatoriuni,
tas Der Fiirst und der Rauchfangkehrer
: then organist at Winterthur until 1862, ;
Lorenz als Riiuberhauptmann Der Mieths- when he went to Ziirich, where he con-
;
mann Moutag, Dienstag, Mittwoch (with ducted for ten j'ears a musical societ}'.
;
Gyrowetz and Seyfried) Sultan AVamiûm, After living at Meiningeu in 1872-73, he

;
a quodlibet etc. Ballets Music to sev- was appointed director of the royal school
; ;
eral Inlays Overtures Marches Dances of music at Wiirzburg in 1875, but resigned
; ; ; ;
Songs etc., all of which were popular in in the same year and settled at Leipsic,
;
Vienna. —Fctis ; Mendel ; Schilling ; Wurz- whence he was called to Dresden as pro-
bach. fessor at the Conservatorium. His name
KIPPER, HERMANN, born at Coblentz, has become widely known in musical circles
Aug. 27, 1826, still living, 1889. Dramatic especially by his piano-forte compositions,
composer, pupil of Anschiitz in Coblentz, which he developed in a manner quite char-
and of H. Dorn in Cologne, where he sub- acteristic. Works 10 Liedcr, op. 1 4 : ;
KIRKMAX
do., op. 4 ; do., op. G ; 3 do., op. 40 ; G do., 439; V. 120 ; ix. 147, 172, 419 ; x. 90, 318,
op. 50 ; 10 Kluvierstiicke, op. 2 ; do., op. 19 6 612. ;
do., op. i'y G Miidcben-; KTRKMAN, JAN, Dutch composer, bom

lieder, op. 3Gruss au ; middle of the 18th century, died at Nor-
meine Freunde, op. 5 ; wich, England, in 1799. He was organist
Alburubliitter, op. 7 of the Reformed Lutheran chapel in Lon-
Scherzo, op. 8; do., op. don, in 1782. Works : 3 Trios for piano-
54 ; Pi-;dudieu, op. 9 ;
forte and strings, op. 1 ; 4 Sonatas for pi-
Zwei Konige, ballad for anoforte Versets for the psalms for organ
;
baritone, op. 10 ; Skiz- (with Keeble) 2 Sonatas and a duo, op. 6

; ;
zen, op. 11; Adagio quasi 3 Sonatas for i)ianoforte and vioUn Organ;
fantasia, oj). 12 Lieder ; pieces, op. 9 ; 8 Ballads, op. 10 ; 4 Rondos

oline "Worte, op. 13 ; Phantasiestiicke, op. for iîanoforte, op. 14. — Futis ; Gerber ;
14 Eiu Gedeukblatt, serenade for jjiano-

; Gregoir, 102.
forte, violin, and violoncello, op. 15 Kleiue ; KHlM.iYR, FRIEDRICH JOSEPH,
Lust- uud Trauerspiele, op. IG Neue Da- ; born in Munich in 1770, died at Gotha in
vid.sbiindlert;inze, op. 17 Legenden, op. Son and pupil of Wolfgang Kirmayr ; 1814.
18 String quartet, op. 20 Aquarellen, Of).
; (chamber musician to the Elector of Ba- ;
21 Eomanzen, op. 22 Walzer, op. 23 do.,

; varia, died in Munich, 1795) after passing
; ; ;
op. 34 Still und bewegt, oj). 24

; Nacht-
his examinations in the law, he determined ;
bilder, op. 25 Album, op. 26 Capricen,

on a musical career and visited Germany,
; ;
op. 27 Nocturnen, op. 28 Aus meinem

; Italy, France, Switzerland, and Hollaud in ;
Skizzenbuch, op. 29 Studien uud Stiicke, 1793. During a second visit to Berlin, in
;
op. 30 Im Zwielicbt, op. 31 Aus triiben 1795, he became musical instructor to the
; ;
Tagen, op. 32 Ideale, op. 33 Spielsacben, Princess Royal, afterwards Queen Louisa of
; ;
op. 35 Phautasien am Klavier', oj}. 36 4 Prussia, and of the Princess Ludwig. In

; ;
Elegien, op. 37 12 Etiiden, op. 38 Dorfge- 1799 he was a bass-singer in the Royal The-
; ;
schicbten, op. 39 Verwebte Bliitter, o}). 41 atre iu Cassel, and in 1803 Conzertmeister
; ;
Mazurkas, op. 42 4 Poloniisen, op. 43 to the Duke of Gotha.

; Works Sonatas ;
:
Bluiuen zum Strauss, of). 44 30 Kinder- for pianoforte, with violin and violoncello, ;
und Kiinstlertauze, op. 46 Federzeicbnung- op. 9, 13, 21, 22, 23 do. for pianoforte ; ;
en, op. 47 Humoreskeu, op. 48; Neue solo, op. 2, 5, 12, 17, 19 Detached pieces ; ;
Albumbliltter, op. 49 Au Stephen Heller, for do., op. 20 Themes varies (about 30
; ;
op. 51 Ein neues Klavierbuch, op. 52 works) 4 Symphonies for orchestra etc.
;
;
; ;
Florestan uud Eusebius, op. 53 ; In stilleu — Gerber ; Schilling ; Fetis.

Stunden, op. 56 KIRMS, KARL FERDINAND, born in
; Kiudertrios, for piano-
forte, violin, 60 Dresden, Dec. 20, 1824, died at Donau-
and violoncello, op. 58 ;
Priiludien, op. 65 Die 12 Monate des wOrth, March 9, 1854. Virtuoso on several
;
Jahres, op. 78 Sonata for trio Polonaise instruments, and church composer, lost his
; ;
eyesight at the age of four, and was edu-

cated in the Royal Institution for the blind,
1832-41 he made successful concert tours
;
through South Germany, and settled at

DonauwOrth iu 1848. Works : 5 iLisses ;
Requiem, and Libera ; 2 Vespers ; Oelbergs-

for two pianofortes l5tude in C Many andacht Te Deum 2 Miserere 2 Litan-
; ; ; ; ;
transcriptionsof songs b_v Brahms, Jen- ies Graduals for Sundays and Feast-days ;
sen, etc. —
Riemauu Mus. Wochenblatt, iii. throughout the year Graduals and offer-
;
;
KIRNBERGER
tories ;
Instrumental music, and songs. Count Promnitz, at Drebna,
sic-director to
—Mendel. whose death be went to Dresden, and
after
KIENBERGEE, JOHANN PHILIPP, became organist of tbe Reformed church
born at Haalfeld, in 17G7, and court organist in 1789. He
Tlniringin, April left in MS. many cantatas, motets, piano-
2i, 1721, died in forte works, etc. His son and pupil, Fried-
Berlin, July 2G rich Georg (born Jan. 15, 1769, died Aug.
(27), 1783. Or- 10, 1825), succeeded bini as oi'ganist at the
ganist, violinist, Reformed church in 1789, and became bis
contrapuntist, and assistant at the Hofkircbe in 1794. Men- —
famous theoretical del Gerber.;
writer, pupil of Jo- KIRSTEN, mCHAEL, born at Lossen,

liann Peter Kell- Silesia, in October, 1G82, died at Breslau,
ner at Griifenroda, June 28, 1742. Organist, son of a poor
'
and of Gerber at cobbler, and serf; be played dance music
Sondersbausen, on the organ, of Meil at at eountrj' fetes on a dulcimer, saving up
Sondershausen, on tlie violin, then (1739) bis earnings to buy a spinet on which lie
pujiil of Bacli at Leipsic. In 17-41-50 be practised finally studied the organ at Brieg
;
was tutor and musical director in different under Kaspar ScbrJiter. Seven years later
jjlaces in Poland, last at tbe Nunnery in he was organist, cantor, carillonneur, and
Lembei'g returned to Germany about
; court and city musician at Louvaiu, where
1751, and studied violin under Fielder in be remained fourteen years. In 1720 he
Dresden. Soon after be became violinist in became organist of the Maria-Magdalena
tbe royal orcbestra at Berlin, and in 1758 Ka- church at Breslau. He composed organ
pellmeister to Princess Amalie. Among bis music, chorals, etc., and much dance music,
pupils were Fascb, Zelter, and Scbulz. His while city musician. Mendel Gerber — ; ;
compositions, consisting of cantatas, motets, Schilling ; Fetis.

psalms, cborals, songs, pianoforte and organ laST, FLORENT CORNEILLE, born
fugues, minuets for 2 vioHns, oboes, ilutes, at Arnheim, Jan. 28, 1796, died at Utrecht,
liorns, and continuo, solos for tbe flute, etc., March 23, 18G3. Vocal composer, learned
are very learned and correct, but unattrac- early the pianoforte, flute, and born, but
tive, and are now forgotten. He is impor- studied medicine at Leyden, and practised
it at Tbe Hague in 1818-25. He founded
and directed musical societies at Delft and
Tbe Hague, settled at Utrecht in 1841, ed-
ited tbe Nederlandsch muzikaal Tijdschrift
until 1844, then founded the Ciicilia, which
tant, bowever, as a writer, and bis most he conducted for about twenty years. He
prominent work is " Die Kunst des reinen was a member of many musical societies.
Satzes" (Berlin, 1774-79).— AUgem. d. Works Cantata for male voices, with or-
:
Biogr., xvi. 24 Fetis ;Gerber Mendel chestra Le pelerin, cantata for children's
; ; ; ;
Kiemann Scbilling.
; voices, chorus, and pianoforte Ernst und ;
laRSTEN, JOHANN GOTTFRIED, Freude, overture, 1842 many cborals, ;
born atLuckau, Lusatia, Sept. 5, 1735, died canons, and fugues Romances, Italian ;
in Dresden in November, 1815. Organist, arias, and German melodies, with piano-
pupil of bis fatber, tbe city musician, later forte, etc. He published Toestand van :
of tbe organist Scbaden, and finally of bet protestautiscbe Kerkgezang in Neder-

Graun, in Berlin. In 175G be became mu- land (Utrecht, 1840) a life of Orlando ;
KISTLER
Lasso ; many articles iu musical journals. minor ; Jagd-Symphonie, op. 9 (dedicated
— Ft'tis ; lliemanu Mendelssohn), Leipsic, Gewandhaus Con-
; Viotta. to
KISTLER, CYRILL, born in Bavaria, certs, 1840 3d Symphony, op. 24 Con- ; ;
March 12, 1848, still living, 1889. Dra- cert overture, op. 22 Nonet, for pianoforte, ;
matic composer, studied iu Munich, taught flute, oboe, clarinet, 2 horns, and strings ;
a few years at the Sondershausen Conserva- Septet, for do., op. 25 Trio for pianoforte ;
torium, Bayreuth.
then His
settled at and strings, op. 28 ; pianoforte music and
oj)era Kuiiibild, given atSondershausen in songs. — Fiitis ; Mendel ; Slovniknaucny
18H4, was much extolled by the Wagner (Prague, 1859), iv. CG9 ; Wiener allgem.
press, but has not been jjroduced elsewhere. Mus. Zeitg. (1844), 599, 003, COT, GIG;
KITTEL, JOHANN CHRISTLiN, born Wurzbach.
at Erfurt, Feb. 18, 1732, died there. May KITZLER, OTTO, born in Dresden,
9, 1809. Organist, last pupil of Johann Se- March 26, 1834, still living, 1889. Violon-
bastian Bach ; became organist at Langen- cellist, pupil of Johann Schneider on the
salza, and 175G at the Predigerkirche in pianoforte, of Julius Otto iu theory, and of
in
Erfurt. Kummer on the violoncello finished
In spite of his great reputation, he Ernst ;
was obliged to eke out his miserable pay his studies at the Brussels Conservatoire,
by teaching, and as late as 1800 his pov- under Servais and Feti.s. He was then for
ert}' compelled him to make an artistic tour three years violoncellist in the theatre or-
through northwestern Germany. A small chestras at Strasburg and Lyons, and

pension was given him by Prince Primas orchestra leader at Troyes. In 1857 he
von Dalberg. He honored the memory of founded a German singing society for men
his master. Bach, with a touching reverence. in Lyons was Kapellmeister successively ;
Works Neues Choralbuch (Altona, 1803) of the theatres at Linz (1858-GO, and 18G1-
:
Der praktische Organist, oder Auweisung G3), K.migsberg (1860-61), Temesvar and
zum zweckrailssigen Gebrauch der Orgel Hermannstadt (1863-65), and Briinu until
beim Gottesdienst (in 3 books, 1801-8, Er- 1868, when he became director of the Mu-
furt ;3d ed., 1831) Grand preludes for sikvereiu and of its music school, and con-
;
organ G sonatas, and variations for the ductor of the Milnnergesaugvereiu there.
;
pianoforte ; 2-4: chorals ; Hymne an das Jahr- His sonata for violoncello and pianoforte
hundert (1801). — Allgem. d. Biogr., xvi. 45 ;
was highly commended at ^Mannheim he ;
Fetis ; Gerber ; Mendel ; Rieniann ; Schill- wrote a Festhymnus on the 50th birthday
ing, iv. 112 ; do.. Supplement, 239. of Johann Schneider, besides orchestral,
IvITTL, JOH.ANN FRIEDRICH, born at and vocal music— Mendel Riemanu. ;
Schloss Worlik, Bohemia, May 8, 180(i, died K.JERULF, HALFDAN, bom Sept. 17,
at Lissa, Posen, July 20, 18G8. Dramatic 1815, died iu Chris-
composer, pupil of Sawora iu Prague, and tiania, Norway, Aug.
also of Tomaschek ; became director of the 11, 1868. A theologi-
Prague Conservatorium in 1843, succeeding cal student, he took
Dionys Weber, and in 18G.5 retired to Pol- up music as a pro-
nisch-Lis.sa. Works Operas: Daphnis' — fession, and studied at
Grab, given in Prague, 1825 Bianca und ; Leipsic ; on his return
Giuseppe, oder Die Franzosen vor Nizza he settled as music
(text by Richard Wagner), ib., 1848 Wald- ; teacher at Christiauia.
blume, ib., 1852 Die Bilderstiirmer, ib., ; His songs,sung by
1854 Solemn mass for soli, chorus, and
; Sontag, Jenny Liud,
orchestra, ib., Dominican church, 1844 ;
and Nilsson, became popular. He composed
Other masses Cantatas Symphony in D ; ;
also pianoforte music for two and four hands.
KLAUS
much was published in Berhn
of wliicli of the preceding, pupil of Reinecke and
(1875). His sougs and Eoiii.ances are iu Richter at the Conservatorium in Leij)sic,
Norwegian, Danish, French, German, and where he also took his degree as doctor at
English. A monument was erected to his the university in 1874. He was ajspointed
memory at Christiania iu 1874. Mendel. —
professor of pianoforte, theory, and the his-
KLAUS, JOSEPH, born at Seitendorf, tory of music at the Conservatorium, Co-
near Zittau, March 27, 1775, died there, logne, in 1875, and he took charge also of
March 1, 1834. Organist, pupil of Anton the seminary classes for pianoforte in 1884.
Kretschmer at Gruuau, near Ostritz and in He has composed overtures, chamber music,
;
his ninth year was able to accompany diffi- pianoforte pieces, and songs, and pubUshed
cult masses. Called by his father's death several valuable treatises. His romantic
to take charge of his business, he still con- ojiera Das Miidchen vom See, will be given,
tinued his musical studies, and soon be- this year, at the Stadttheater of Cologne.
came an authority iu his art far beyond Riemann. —
local limits. Works A little of)era 2
: KLAVIERBUCHLEIN, DAS, two music- ;
solemn masses 3 Requiems 5 cantatas books kept by Johann Sebastian Bach and
; ; ;
14 psalms G offertories
; 4 Ave Maris his second wife, Anna Magdalena. The first
;
Stella 4 Salve Regiua 2 Regina Cceli

; 2 is dated 1722, and was probably begun after
; ;
Magnificat 42 funeral chants, and other their marriage. It contains the choral, Jesu
;
church music Trio for strings Concerto meine Zuversicht, a fragment of a fantasia
; ;
for horn Nocturne for do. duos and trios for the organ, a minuet, a set of rules for
; ;
for do. Preludes for organ Sonatas, and thorough-bass, and sketches that were after-
; ;
variations for pianoforte 8 marches 12 ward worked out in the French suites.
; ;
polonaises Songs. ;Fetis —

Schilling. The second book is dated 1725, and in-
;
KLAUS, VICTOR, born at Bernburg, cludes two French suites, the C major jire-
Nov. 24, 1805, still li\ing, 1880. Organist lude of the Wohltemperirte Ivlavier, two
iu his native town became Kapellmeister partitas (A minor and E minor) iu p;u't I. of
;
to the Duke of Balleustedt iu 1837, and to the Klavieriibung, the air in part IV., hymns,
the Prince of Anhalt-Bernburg in 1847. He songs and arias written for Anna Magda^
was remarkable for his playing of Bach's lena, and several short j'ieees written by
fugues. He published symjihonies, over- her. The autograph copy of these books is
tures, chorals, songs, hymns, and organ and in the KiJuigliche Bibliothek, Berlin. Bach
pianoforte music. Fetis. — also arranged iu Ciitheu a Klavierbiichlein,
KLAmVELL, ADOLPH, born atLangen- dated Jan. 22, 1720, for his son, Wilhelm
salza, Thiiringia, Dec. 31, 1818, died at Friedemann. It contains progi-essive stud-
Leipsic, Nov. 21, 1870. Vocal and instru- ies, including preambles, the choral, Jesu
mental composer, pupil at the seminary of meine Freude, allemandes, and many pre-
Weissenfels of Hentschel, Harnisch, and ludes that were revised for the Wohltem-
Prange taught in several villages in Sax- perirte Klavier. Spitta, Bach, i. 6G0, 755,
; —
ony, in 1838-54, then for many years at 748.
Leipsic. He is known as a comiôser KLAVIER-UBUNG (Clavier Practice), a
through his songs for children, choruses collection of pieces for the pianoforte or
for male voices, and pieces for 2 and 4 organ, in four parts, by Johann Sebastian
—
hands for young pianists. Mendel Rie- Bach, op. 1. I. Six Partitas H. Concerto, ; ;
mann. Partita IH. Choi'alevorspiele und Duetten, ;
KLAUWELL, OTTO, born at Langen- containing arrangements of the Lutheran

salza, Thuringia, April 7, 1851, still liv- Catechism Hymns IV. Aria with 30 vari- ;
ing, 1880. Instrumental composer, nephew ations. Bach sent an autograph copy of
KLEBER
the first partita, with a dedicatory poem, to Instrumental and vocal composer, pupil of
the cradleEmanuel Ludwig, son of Friedrich MuUer began as conductor of a
of ;
Prince Leopold of Saxony, who was born singing society in Westphalia, went to Italy
in 1726 when Bach had just finished this in 1878 for several years, and after bis
work. Bach published Part I. in 1731 and return was appointed assistant conductor
Part in. in 1736. Part U. was publish- of opera, and ducal director of music at
ed by Christopli Weigl (Nuremberg, 1735), Dessau. Works: Music to Grillparzer's
and Part IV. by Balthasar Schmidt (ib., drama, Der Traum ein Leben, frequently
171-2). Published by the Bach-GeseUschaft, performed ; 2 symphonies ; Choral works,
Klavier works, vol. i. (Leipsic, 1855). pianoforte music, and songs. —Kiemann.
— Spitta, Bach. I
KLEFFEL, ARNO, born at Piissneck,
KLEBER, HEXEY, born, of German par- Saxe-Meiningen, Sept. 4, 1840, still li\'ing,
entage, in Darmstadt, Germany, May
Dramatic composer studied the- i, 1889. ;
1818, still living, 1889. Organist, educated ology at Meiningen, but adopted music aa
in Dai-mstadt, where he studied the piano- a profession and became a pupil of Moritz
forte under Iguaz Franz. In 1832 he went Hauptmann at Leipsic. In 1863-67 he was
to America, and iu 1838 began to teach pi- leader of the Musical Society of Riga, and
anoforte and singing iu 1810-50 he was was subsequently Kapellmeister at the-
;
organist of the cathedral in Pittsburgh, atres in Cologne, Amsterdam, Detmold,

Penu., and later of the Third Presbyterian Bremen, Gijrlitz, Breslau, and Stettin, of
Church of that city. In 1810 he organized the Friedi-ich-Willielmstiidtisches Theater,
the first brass band west of the Alleghanies, Berlin, in 1873-80, then at Augsburg and
for which he wrote a number of composi- Magdeburg. Works Des Meermanns Harfe, :
tions. In 1818 he founded in Pittsburgh opera, given at Riga, 1867 Music to the ;
an operatic singing societj'. Works Atlan- Christmas fairy tale. Die Wichtelmiinnchen
:
;
tic TelegTapb, schottisch Come out of the Overtui-es String quartet Violin and pi-
; ; ;
"Wilderness, polka Hazel Dell, waltz Rain- anoforte music

; Choruses for male voices,
; ;
bow Schottisch Stolen Kiss, galop Target and songs. Mendel Riemann.
; ; — ;
March, and other works for pianoforte. KLEIN, BERNHARD, born at Cologne, ;
KLEEBERG, CHRISTIAN GOTTLIEB, îlarch 6, 1793, died in Berlin, Sept. 9, 1832.

born at Gautsch, near Leipsic, April 12, Church composer, pupil of Zier on the
1766, died at Gera, June 22, 1811. Organ- pianoforte went in 1812 to Paris, wliere
;
ist studied theology iu Leipsic, but de-

; he benefited by Cherubini's advice. On
voted his time chiefly to the practice of the his return to his native place be conducted
pianoforte and violin. With three other the music at the cathedral. In 1819 be
musical friends. Renter, Wagner, and was sent officially to Berlin to study Zelter's
Fournes, he formed a string quartet and method of instruction, and remained there
started on a professional tour they soon as professor of thorough-bass and counter-
;
separated, and he settled as teacher at point at the newly founded school for or-
Weida, and in 1790 became organist at ganists, and as director of music and vocal
Gera. Works 3 duos for violins Sonatas
: ; instructor at the university. He visited
and other music for pianoforte Concerto ; Italy in 1823, and in Rome became ac-
for pianoforte and harp Canon for three ; quainted with Bain i. Works Operas: Di- —
voices, with chorus and pianoforte Songs ; ; do, Berlin, 1823 Ariadne, Berlin, 1824
;
Church music, and an opera. Mendel — Two acts of Irene Music to Raupacb's ;
Schilling ; Fi'tis. tragedy. Die Ei-dennacbt. Oratorios: Hiob,

KLEE:MAN, K\RL, bom at Eudolstadt, Leipsic, 1820 ; Jephtha, Cologne. Eheuisb
Thuringia, Sept. 9, 1848, still living, 1889. Music Festival, 1828 David, HaUe, 1830
; ;
laEiN
Atlialia. Cantata for Good Friday (unfin- Valse caprice for pianoforte, op. 15 2d ;
ished) Worte des Glaubens, cantata (1817)

;
do., op. IG Pilgrimage to Kevlaar, ballad ;
3 masses Pater noster for eight voices in for baritone and orchestra, op. 17 Elfen-
; ;
two choirs Stabat Mater Magnificats, and miihrchen, concert-piece for jjiauoforte, op.
; ;
manj' other sacred compositions Sonatas, 18 Scenes de ballet for orchestra, op. 19
; ; ;
and variations for pianoforte Many ballads Dreams, 5 lyric ijieces for pianoforte, op.
;
and songs. — Allgem. 78 All- 20 Margaret before the Mater Dolorosa

d. Biogr., xvi. ; ;
gem, mus. Ledebur, Ton- and Margaret at the Spinning-wheel, 2 pieces

Zeit. ; Fetis ;
kiinstl. Lex. Berlins N. Zeitschr. f. Mus., for pianoforte, op. 21

; Romance and Spin- ;
iii. 5-201. ning Song, 2 concert-pieces for violin with

KLEIN, BRUNO OSCAR, born at Osna- orchestra, op. 22 2 sacred duets for so- ;
briick, Hanover, June prano and baritone, op. 23 2 overtures for ;
fi, 1856, still living, orchestra, in old and modern style, op. 24 ;
1889. Organist, sou Suite for pianoforte, op. 25 Ingeborg's La- ;
and pupil on the pi- ment, for soprano with orchestra, op. 21!
anoforte of Musik- Sacred motets, oj). 27 do., op. 28 Liebes- ; ;
direktor Carl Klein lied and Ilochzeilklanye, 2 jiieces for or- ;
then studied, at the chestra; oj). 29 Concerto in A minor for ;
^lunich Couservato- pianoforte, oj). 30 Mass for chorus and ;
mm, counterjioint un- organ, op. 31 do., oj). 33 Deux morceaux,

1 ; ;
der Josef Rheinberger, for pianoforte, op. 32 do., op. 37 Trois ; ;
bcore-reading under do., op. 35 Sonata in C for jjianoforte and ;
Fianz "Wiillner, and violoncello, op. 34 Ballade for violin with ;
pianoforte under Carl Baermanu. When orchestra, op. 38 Romance et valse no- ;
only seventeen years old he iniblished a ble, for pianoforte, op. 39. Published Ijy
few compositions which elicited an encour- Schirmer (New York), Leuckart (Berlin),
aging letter from Liszt. In 1878 he went Hofmeister (Leipsic), and Praeger & Meyer
to the United States to visit a brother in (Bremen).
Philadelj^hia, but returned to Germany in KLEINE FREBLiURER CANTATE, for
1880; in 1881 he settled permanently in male soli and chorus, and small orchestra,
New York, where he has beeu, since 1884, text by Em. Schikaneder, music by Mozart,
organist of the College and Church of St. first performed at a Masonic festival in Vi-
Francis Xavier, and head of the pianoforte enna, Nov. 15, 1791, Mozart conducting.
department at the Mauhattanville Academy It is dated Nov. 15, 1791, and is Mozart's
of the Sacred Heart. In 1888 he became last work. It is known also under the title.
also professor of counterpoint and composi- Lob der Freundschaft (Praise of Friend-
tion at the National Conservator}'. Works ship). There are six numbers I. Chorus, : :
Sonata in G minor for pianoforte, op. 1 G Laut verkiinde ims're Freude H. Recita- ; ;
songs for one voice with pianoforte, op. 2 tive, Zum ersteu Male III. Tenor aria, ;
;
do., op. 3 ; do., op. 8 ; do., op. 3G

4 songs Dieser Gottheit Allmacht IV. Recitative,
; ;
for mixed chorus, op. 4 6 songs for male Wohlau ihr Briider
; V. Duet, Lange ;
chorus, op. 5 String quartet, op. G Sere- sollen diese Mauern \T!. Chorus, Lasst uns
; ; ;
nade for string orchestra, op. 7 8 folk- niit geschlung'neu Hiinden. Published by
;
songs for one voice with pianoforte, op. 9 Jos. Hraschanzky (Vienna, 1792); Breit-
Sonata in G for pianoforte and violin, op. kopf & Hartel, Mozart's Werke, Serie IV.,
10 5 sacred motets for mixed chorus, op. No. 3.
; Upton, Standard Cantatas, 279 — ;
11 4 do., op. 12 G pieces for pianoforte, Jahn, Mozart, iii. 412 KOchel, Verzeich-
; ; ;
op. 13 2 notturuos for pianoforte, op. 14

; uiss, 623. ;
KLEIX
IvLEm, HEINRICH, born at Riulels- lings-Phantasie, for pianoforte; Gradual for
dorf, Jloravia, in 1750, died at Presburg 5 voices Songs 3 symphonies Overture ; ; ;
in 1830. Organist and pianist, learned to Othello Concert overture 7 quartets ; ;
contrapuntist, pnpil of Ascliermann at Zc'ip- for strings. He published also, Musika-

tau. He was a good organist at the age of lischer Katechismus (Bingen, 1842). — Fetis ;
eight, but studied under Hartenschneider, Mendel Schilling. ;
organist of the catliedral at Ohniitz, for five KLEINKNECHT, JACOB FREEDRICH,

years afterwards about 1773 he became ; born at Ulm, June 1722, died at Ans- 8,
Kapellmeister to Count Hodicz, and some pach, Aug. 14, 1794. Virtuoso on the flute,
years after settled at Presburg, where he was entered the court orchestra at Bayreuth as
appointed professor in the National School firstflutist, and with it went in 1750 to
of Music, in 179G. He comjjosed church Anspach, where he afterwards became its

music, and published songs and pianoforte director. Composed symijhonies, con-
music. He made improvements in the key- certos, sonatas, and other music for flute,
ed harmonium and invented a species of and various instruments. — Futis ; Schilling.
orchestrion. Works 12 masses : ; Te Deum ;
KLEIN:\IICHEL, RICHARD, bom at
Collection of church music for the entire Posen, Dec. 31, 1S4G, still living, 1889. Pi-
year ; 2 cantatas ; Fantasia for jiianoforte ;
anist, pupil of his father, a bandmaster, and
12 songs with pianoforte, etc. — Allgem. d. at the Leipsic Conservatorium (18G3-66) of
Biogr., xvi. 91 Allgem. mus. Zeitg., i. 675
; ;
Hauptmann, Richter, Mosoheles, Reinecke,
iv. 380Dlabacz Gerber Wurzbach.
; ; ; and Plaidy. He settled in Hamburg as
KLEINHEINZ, IvARL FR.AN'Z XAVER, teacher, and in 187G removed to Leipsic,
born at Miudelheim, Suabia, Julj' 3, 1772, where he became music director at the
died at Pesth in 1832. Pianist, inipil at Stadttheater in 1882. Works Manon, op- :
the convent school at Memniingen he was ; era ; Schloss de Lorme, do., given at Ham-
in the Bavarian state sen'ice, but finally burg, 1883 ; 2 symphonies
Concert over- ;
adopted music as a profession, and stud- ture ; Trio for pianoforte and strings Other ;
ied counterpoint in Vienna in 1799 under chamber music, and

pianoforte pieces,
Albrechtsberger. He became musical in- songs. — Mendel, Riemann.
Ergiinz., 189 ;
structor in the family of Count von Bruns- KLEMME, JOHANN, born about 1593,
wick later. Kapellmeister of the theatre at
; died in IGGO. Oi'gauist and church com-
Briinn, and in 1809 of one in Pesth. Works poser, pupil at Augsburg of Christian Er-
Harald, ojêra ; Der Kiifig, do. ; 2 orato- bach, Dresden of Heinrich Schiifz.
and at
rios ; 2 masses ; Overtures, entr'actes, and In 1625 he succeeded Georg Kretzschmar
incidental music to various dramas, etc. ; 2 as court organist. He published German
trios ; IG sonatas for pianoforte ; Variations ;
madrigals for four, five, and six voices
Ballads, romances, and songs. —Fctis ; Ger- (Freiburg, 1629) ; 36 fugues (Dresden,
ber ; Jlendel ; Wurzbach. 1631).— Fotis ; Gerber Schilling
; Men- ;
KLEIN, KARL AUGUST, Freiherr VON, del ; Burney, Hist., iii. 574 Hawkins, iv. 83.
;
born at his castle near Mannheim in 179-1, KLE:MM, FRIEDRICH, bom in Vienna,
died at Assmannshausen, Feb. 13, 1870. March 29, 1795, died at Meidling, near Vi-
Amateur pianist and composer, pupil of enna, Sejjt. 13, 1854. Amateur composer,
Gottfried Weber at Mannheim, and of pupil of Jacob Schauer and Josef Heiden-
Zulehner at Mainz visited Paris in 1817, ;
reich. He was for years one of the trustees
and was much encouraged by Mcluil, and of the Conservatorium in Vienna. He com-
after his return to Germanj' by Beethoven. posed masses, psalms, overtures, violin
Works Trio for pianoforte and strings

: quartets, songs, etc. — Fetis ; Schilling ;
Sonatas for pianoforte and \'iolin Friih- ;

Wurzbach.
KLENGEL
KLENGEL, AUGUST ALEXANDER, and then at the Theater an dor Wicn. Iu
boiu illDrestleu, Jan. 29, 1784, died there, 1867 he became director of the Harmonic-
Nov. 22, 1852. Pianist, sou of the land- Theater, Vienna, and in 1868 of the city
scape painter Klengel, pupil of Milchmeyer theatre at Baden. Works Die Nixe, ro- :
and of Clementi, with whom he visited sev- mantic opera, given with gi-eat success at
eral Gerinau cities and in 1805 went to Oedenburg, Cracow, and Pesth. Operettas :
Kussia. At St. Petersburg, where they sep- Die bi'ise Nachbarin, Vienna, Karl-Theater ;
arated, Klengel remained until 1811, then Die Mtillerin von Marly, ib. Die beiden ;
studied in Paris until 1813, when the war Stotterer, ib. Die Braut aus der Kesideuz, ;
induced him to go to Italy. In 1814 he ib. Fridolin, ib., Harmouie-Theater Die

; ;
returned to Dresden, played at court with tanzenden Blumen, ib.. Theater an der Wien
much success, then lived in London, 1815- Die ISIacht der Fraueu, Baden and other ;
10, and was appointed court organist at music for the stage. Mendel. —
Dresden in 1816. After that he left Dres- KLINDWORTH, K.IRL, born at Han-
den only to visit Paris iu 1828, and Brussels over, Sept. 25, 1830, still living, 1889. Pi-
in 1851 and 1852. Works Les avaut-cou- anist, pupil of Liszt at Weimar, where
:
reurs (Dresden, 1841) Canons iind Fugeu Hans von Billow, Dyouis Pruckner, aud
;
(Leipsie, 1854) 2 concertos for pianoforte, William Mason were his fellow-studeuts.
;
op. 4, 29 Polonaise coucertante, for piano- He lived in Loudon, in 1854-68, as con-

;
forte, flute, clarinet, and strings, op. 35 ductor and teacher was professor of the
; ;
Trio for pianoforte and strings, op. 36 pianoforte at the Moscow Conservatorium, in
; ; —
Sonatas Kondos Nocturnes, etc. AUgem. 1868-84, then went to Berlin, to conduct
d. Biogr., xvi. 159 Fetis Riemann Men- the Philharmonic concerts conjointly wdth
; ; ;
del Schilling.
;
Joachim and Wiilluer was in America in ;
KLENGEL, JULIUS, born at Leipsie, 1887-88. Works: Fautaisie-Polonaise for

Sept. 24, 1859, still living, 1889. Virtuoso pianoforte May song for 2 female voices, ;
on the violoncello, grand-nephew of the jDre- Pense-tu, que ce soit t'aimer, romance for
ceding pupil of Emil Hegar, and in com- tenor or soprano, etc. Far more important
;
position of Jadassohn. In his fifteenth are his literaiy works A critical edition of :
year he entered the Gewandhaus orchestra, Chopin do. of Beethoven's Sonatas Piano- ; ;
and at sixteen played as a virtuoso iu Frank- forte score of Wagner's Ring des Nibelung-
fort. He rapidly earned rejiutatiou as one en, etc. Mendel Grove Riemaun. — ; ;
of the most remarkable masters of his in- KLING, HENRI (ADRIEN LOUIS),
strument, and became first violoncellist iu born iu Paris, Feb. 17, 1842, stUl living,
the Gewandhaus orchestra, and instructor 1889. Virtuoso on the horu, aud dramatic
at the Conservatorium, Leipsie. He has composer settled at Geneva, where he is ;
composed a concertino, op. 7, a concerto, op. musical instructor at several schools, and di-
10, and several other works for his instru- rector of military music. Works Operas — :
ment. Le dernier des Paladins, given at Geneva,

KLERR, JOHANN BAPTIST, born at 1863 Les dieux rivaux, ib., 1864 Reine ; ;
Baden, near Vienna, in 1830, died there, Bertlie La deesse de la liberto Le fliltiste,
; ;
Sept. 27, 1875. Dramatic comiDoser, Ka- 1877 Le castel de RipaiUe, opera-bouffe.
;
pellmeister of the theatre at Klagenfurt, L'echafaud de Berthelier, patriotic scene ;
when only eighteen years old then succes- Music to the tragedy Huss J. J. Rousseau,
; ;
sively at Oedenburg, Presburg, Gratz, and cantata Stabat Mater L'escalade de Ge- ; ;
Cracow. He was at Baden iu 1856, at neve, symphonic poem Le Saleve, symjiho- ;
Trieste in 1857, at the opera iu Pesth three nie pittoresque Adieux de Winkelried, ele- ;
years, at the Karl-Theater, Vienna, four years. gie ; Overtures for orchestra ; Syinphonie
KLINGENBERG
concertante, for flute, oboe, clai-inet, horn, KLOFFLER, JOHANN FRIEDRICH,
and bassoon, with orchestra; Quartet for died at Burg-Steinfurt, "Westphalia, in 1792.
pianoforte, and strings Trio for do. Con- Flutist, Conzertmeister to the Count von
; ;
certo for horn, with orchestra or pianoforte ; Bentheim-Steinfurt. He published G sym-

Many dances, and iiieces for mihtary band ; phonies for orchestra ; G concertos for
Method for the horn Etudes for do.,
; etc. flute ; G trios for do. ; Duos for do. ; G so-
— Mendel, Ergiinz., 189 Kiemann.; natas for harpsichord, etc.— Gerber ; Schil-
KLINdENBERG, FRIEDRICH WIL- ling ; Fetis.
HELM, bom at Sulau, Silesia, June G, 1809, KLOSE, F. J., born in London in 1790,
died at G.Jrlitz, April died there, March 8, 1830. Violinist, son
2, 1888. Violinist,
son and pupil of the cantor and organist of and pupil of a professor of music and pupil
Sulau, then pupil at Brcslau, 1820-2.5, of of F. Tomisch was a member of several ;
Neugebauer, Taschenberg, Ressel, and J. London orchestras. He composed ballads,

Schnabel. In 1830 he began to study the- music for ballets and melodramas, sonatas
ology at the University of Breslau, but gave for pianoforte, etc. He published, also,
it up after one year, having been ajjpointed Practical Hints for acquiring Thorough-
director of the Academical Music Society, Bass (London, 1822).— Mendel Fi-tis. ;
which he conducted for six years. He was KLOSfi, HYACINTHE :fiLfiONORE,

subsequently leader of the Iviinstlerverein, born in the i.sland of Corfu, Oct. 11, 1808,
and in 1840 became cantor of St. Peter's died in Paris, Aug. 29, 1880, Clarinetist,
at Gi'irlitz. In 1844 he was made royal pupil of Berr, in Paris, whom he succeeded
director of music. He composed church in 1839 as professor at the Conservatoire.
music ; A
symphony, ouvertures, and other He formed many distinguished pupils, and
instrumental music Choruses, songs, etc. perfected his instrument. He became pro-
;
— Mendel Fi'tis. ; fessor of clarinet at the Gymuase Musical

KLINGENSTEIN, BERNHAED, com- Militaire, and chef de musique in the 10th
poser of the first half of the 17th centur}'. legion of the Gai'de Nationale. He pub-
Monk, music director in the Cathedral of lished a great deal of military music, soli,
Augsburg about IGOO, where his ]\ISS. are duos, fantaisies, etudes, and a method for
preserved. His printed works were Trino- clarinet. Fetis :do., Supplement, ii. 42 — ; ;
diarum Sacrarum (Dillingen, 1605) Sym- Mendel Riemann. ; ;
phouiarum, etc. (Munich, 1607) Rosetum KLOSS, JOSEF FERDINAND, born at

;
Marianum, etc., 33 songs for 3 voices (Mainz, Bernsdorf, Moravia, Feb. 10, 1807, still
1609; Augsburg, 1684).— Mendel Gerber; living, 1889 (?). ; Organist and church
Fetis Burney, History, iv. 575 Stetten, composer, entirely self-taught
; ; without ;
Kunstgeschichte, 539. even knowing the notes, he played the

KLESTIOHR, JOSEPH WTLHELM, organ in the church of his native village,
born at Tropplowitz, Silesia, Sept. 11, then at Freiberg, and at Olmiitz, where he
1783, died, Jan. 16, 1814. Pianist com- was much aided by Emil Titl. In 1834 he
;
posed sonatas for pianoforte, with flute and went to Vienna, founded the Ei-ste Lieder-
violoncello, as early as 1803. During a tafel in 1837, and was for many years very
stay in Breslau he was influenced by his active in promoting the culture of church
friendship with Carl Maria von Weber and music. He was organist of the church of
Beruer. In 1810 he became Kapellmeister Maria am Gestade in 1849-54, and at the
to the Prince of Anhalt-Pless. He pub- university, where he also sang and led the
lished sonatas, variations for four hands, choir, in 1856-58. Works Quadricinium :
polonaises, marches, 4-part songs, church ecclesiasticum, containing: Pater noster,

music, etc. —Mendel FOtis Schilling.
; ;
Ave Maria, 7 hymns ad missam per hebdo-
KLOSS
luadem, 7 do. ad benedictionem, 5 do. do poser, i)upil of Tliiele on the pianoforte, and
Beata Maria Viigine, IG liyinns and anti- of Diedicke in theory, at Dessau (1863-GG),
jilious for various seasons and feasts, Missa then of Blassmann
soU'ioiiis, Missa pro defunctis, litany de and Adolf Reichel at
B. M. v., Hymmis Ambrosianus, and, as Dresden. At the age
supplement, a Methodus brevis et facilis of twenty Le became
cautum eeclesiasticum addiscendi Tantum ; Kapellmeister at tbe
ergo Veni saucte Spiritus Eegina eceli,
; ;
theatre of Posen, then
and many other works for the cburcb, num- at Liibeck, and four
—
bering about 100. Allgem. wiener mus. years at W e i mar
Zeitg. (1843), No. G Wurzbacb. ;
where he was appoint-
IvLOSS, KAEL JOHANN CHRISTIAN, ed director of music to
born at Mobrungen, Prussian Saxony, Feb. the grand duke. In
8, 1792, died at Eiga, April 2G, 1853. Or- 1873 Le became Hof-Kapellmeister at Neu-
ganist and jjianist, pupil of Lis father, and strelitz, and in 1882 at Dessau. Works
at Saugerhausen of the organist Rfidiger. — Operas Mirjam, op. 23, given at Wei-
:
He became organist and instructor at mar, 1871 Iwein, Neustrelitz, 1879 Gud-
; ;
Seena, but went to Halle about 1808, to run, ib., 1882 Die Hochzeit des MiJnchs,
;
study under Tiirk, after whose death in Dessau, 1887 Dornr()Schen, IMiirchen for
;
1813 he went to Leipsic, became \'iolinist soli, chorus, and orchestra, op. 8 Overture ;
in the Gewandhaus orchestra, and finished and entr'actes to Calderon's Life a Dream ;
Lis studies under MattLili. He also ap- Overture to Geibel's Sophonisbe Huldi- ;
peared successfully as a pianist in Leijisic, guugs-Ouverture, op. 24 Die Wacht am ;
wLither he returned after a year's absence Rhein, Siegesouvertiire, op. 2G Leouore, ;
as violinist in the orchestra at Kimigsberg. symphonic poem, op. 27 Waldweben, sym- ;
In 1818 he became organist of the Lutheran phony Im Friihling, concert overture, op. ;
church at Elbing, where he founded a sing- 30 Symjihony in F minor, op. 34 do. ; ;
ing society ; some years

he was music in D, op. 37 Festmarsch for orchestra, op.
later ;
director at Dautzic, returned to Leipsic, 33 Suite for do., op. 40 Conzertstiiek for ; ;
and lived for two years at Dresden, then oboe with orchestra, op. 18 Quintet for ;
led a wandering life, giving organ recitals pianoforte and strings, op. 43 Quartet for ;
and lectures. Temporarily he was music strings, op. 42 Trio, op. 47 Schilflieder^ ; ;
director, and instructor in the LouseLold 5 PLantasiestiicke for jjianoforte, oboe (or
of Prince von Carolath in Silesia, 1838 violin), and violoncello, op. 28 Die Grenz-
; ;
organist at Kronstadt, Transylvania, 1839 berichtigung, for male chorus, op. 25 Pi-
;
;
at Eperies, Hungary, etc. Works Sonatas : anoforte and 8 books of songs, op.
jjieces,
for pianoforte and violin, op. 16, 25 do. ; 12, 14, 20-23, 29, 31.— Mus. WocLeublatt,
for pianoforte solo, op. 23, 27, 29 Miscel- ; iv.417 ; vi. 503 ; x. 1G4, 180 ; xiv. 4, 18, 32,
laneous music for jîauoforte, op. 3, 5, 14, 42, 54 ; Mus. (1884), 78.
N. Zeitschr. f.
24, 2G Several collections of motets for 4

; KNAPTON, PHELH', born at York,
voices and organ 3 suites of choruses, with
; England, in 1788, died there, June 20,
organ Choral, op. 2, and other pieces, for
; 1833. Pianist, pupil of Dr. Hague at Cam-
feast days, op. 7, for organ Several collec- ; bridge. Returned to York and taught mu-
tions of songs. — Mendel ; Schilling ; do.. sic, and was assistant conductor at the York
Supplement, 240 ; Fetis. Festivals in 1823, 1825, and 1828. Works :
IvLUGHAEDT, AUGUST (FRIEDEICH Overtures for orchestra; Concertos for pi-

:^L\RTrN), bom at Kr.then, Anhalt, Nov. anoforte and orchestra Sonatas for piano- ;
30, 1847, still living, 1889. Dramatic com- forte Arrangements for do. and harp ;
KXECIIT
Songs, part-songs, His song. There be died in London, June 1, 1887. Organist,
etc.
none of Beauty's Daughters, was long in pupil of Corfe, at Bristol. He visited the
favour. —
Grove F('tis. ; United States in 1839-41, and brought out
KNECHT, JUSTIN HEINRICH, born at there his Hocked in the Cradle of the
BiberacL, Wiirteniberg, Sept. 30, 1752, Deep, sung with gi-eat success by Braham,
Jied there, Dec. 1, 1817. Organist, church, and his Why chime the bells so merrily ?
and dramatic composer, first instructed by was then, two years, vicar and organist at
his father in singing and on the vioHn, then St. Agnes, in the Scilly Isles. After marry-
pupil of Kramer in thorough-bass. While ing he lived abroad some time, but re-
studying philology at Esslingen (from 17G8) turned to England and devoted himself to
he profited much by the advice of music composition. He left about two hundred
director Schmidt, whom he also substituted songs, among the most popular of which
at the organ. In 1771 he was elected music were: Of what is the old man thinking?,
director and organist at Biberach, where he She wore a wreath of roses. The Veteran,
instituted regular concerts,and won reputa- Beautiful Venice, Say, what shall my song
tion as a composer and theoretical writer. be to-night, and The Dream. — Grove.
In 1807 he became Hof-Kapellmeister at KNIGHT OF SNOWDOUN, THE. See
Stuttgart, but resigned in 1809 and re- La Donna del Lago.
turned to his native town. He was a good KNOW YE NOT ? See Wiaset ihr nicht ?
pianist, and besides the violin played the KNUPFER, SEBASTL\N, born at Ascha,
flute, oboe, horn, and trumpet. As an or- Bavaria, Sejit. G, 1G33, died at Leij^sic in
ganist he was considered the equal of Vogler, 167G. Church composer, one of the early
and as a comjwser and theoretical writer cantors of the Thomasschule, Leipsic ; first
excelled him. His Tongemalde der Na- instructed by his father, who was cantor
tur is interesting on account of its simi- and organist of Ascha, then studied at
larity in jjlau to Beethoven's Pastoral Sym- Ratisbon under the patronage of
(1G4G)
phony. Works — Operas : Der Erudte- Balthasar Balduin, ephorus of the diocese,
kranz Der lahme Husar Die Eutfiihrung
; ; and later at Leipsic, where he became can-
aus dem Serail Die treuen Kiihler Pyg- ; ; tor at the Thomasschule in 1(557. He had
malion ; Der Kohlenbrenner ; Die Aeols- the reputation of one of the soundest contra-
harfe ; Scipio vor Karthago ; Feodora. puntists of the 17th centur}-. His church
Symphonies : Le portrait musical de la na- music, madrigals, canzonets, etc., were pul)-
ture (1784) Don Quixote Der Tod des lished at Leipsic. In the royal library,
; ;
Prinzen Leopold von Braunschweig Die Berlin, are some church cantatas in MS. ;
unterbrocheue Hirtenwonne, sonata for or- Allgem. d. Biogr., xvi. 332 Fetis Ger- — ; ;
gan Mirjam und Deborah, concert duet ber Mathesou, Ehrenpforte, 142 ; Wiuter-
; ;
(1780) ; Das Lied von der Glocke ; The 23d feld, Kirchengesang, ii. 555.
psalm, for 4 voices and orchestra ; The Gth KNYVETT, CHARLES, the younger,
psalm, for several voices ; The 1st psalm, for born in London, 1773, died there, Nov. 2,
voice and organ Te Deum for double ; 1852. Organist, son of Charles the elder
chorus and orchestra Do. for 4 voices and ;
(1752-1822, organist of the Chapel Royal),
orchestra Hymn to God, cantata for 4
; pupil of William Parsons in singing, and of
voices, 2 violins, viola, and organ Music for ; Samuel Webbc on the pianoforte and organ.
pianoforte, for flute, and for organ Songs. ; In 1801, with his brother William, and
— AUgem. d. Biogr., xvi. 278 Fetis Ger- ; ; with Greatorex and Bartlemau, he revived
ber Mendel Schilling.
; ; the Vocal Concerts founded by his father
KNIGHT, JOSEPH PHILIP, born at and Samuel Harrison became organist of
;
Bradford-ou-Avon, England, July 20, 1812 St. George's, Hanover Square, iu 1802. For
KNYVETT
more than twenty years be was cousidered also a method for pianoforte (1782), and one
the best accompanist in Loudon. Works : for violin (1788). — Dlabacz ; Fetis ; Gerber ;
Selection ofPsalm Tunes (1823) Songs for Wurzbach. ;
three and four voices. Grove Fetis Kie-— KOCH, BERNARD, born at Amsterdam
; ;
manu. in 1791, died there, July 30, 1858. Violin-

KNYVETT, WILLIAM, born in Loudon, ist and dramatic composer, jsupil of Ber-
April 21, 1779, died there, Nov. 17, 185G. telman, Stasseu.s, and Bluger, then at The
Tenor singer, brother of Charles Knyvett Hague of Navoigille. He made his first ap-
sang at Concerts of Ancient Music, in the pearance at the court concerts, aud was a
treble chorus iu 1788, as jjrincipal alto inmember of Louis Bonaparte's orchestra until
1795 became gentleman of the Chapel Eoyal 1810 then returned to Amsterdam to teach,
; ;
iu 1797, and later lay vicar of Westminster conducted a musical society, aud later the
;
was appointed composer of the Chapel orchestra of the German and Italian opera.
Koyal in 1802. He was a distinguished Works : La mere Ganz et I'ueuf d'or, opera,
In 1832-40 he given at Amsterdam, The Hague, Rotter-
singer for about forty years.
conducted the Concerts of Ancient Mu.sic, dam, aud Leydcu Der hOlzerne Siibel, op- ;
in 1834-43 the Birmingham Festivals, and eretta. The Hague, 1830 Das gestohlene ;
iu 1835 the York Festival. Works Glees, Lilmmcheu, do. Pumpernikel, not given
: ; ;
among others, When

the fair rose (1800), Jane Grey, historical scene Benjamin, bib- ;
O my love's like the red, red rose, and, The lical scene, Amsterdam De verlatene, can- ;
Bells of St. Michael's Tower Anthems for; tata, ib. ; Moederliefde, do. (prize of the Mu-
coronations of George IV. and of Victoria. sical Society of the Netherlands) ; Elegy
— Grove ; Fetis ; Riemann. on the death of Mendelssohn De dood ;
KOBELIUS, J OH ANN AUGUSTIN,

van J. Van Speijk Prijs-fantazie and varia- ;
born at Wilhlitz, near Halle, Feb. 21, 1674, tions (prize of Philharmonic Society) Quar- ;
died at Weisseufels, Aug. 17, 1731. Or- tet for strings Romances, etc. Fctis, Sup- ; —
ganist, pupil of Nicolaus Brausen aud plement, ii. 43 Gregoir, Biogr., 109 ;
Schieferdecker on the pianoforte, aud for Viotta.

three years of Johaun Fhilipp Krieger iu KOCH, JOHANN AUGUST CHRIS-
composition. He became chamber musician TOPH, born at Zerbst iu the early part of
at Weisseufels ; then city organist at Sanger- the 18th century. Violinist, director of the
liausen in 1712, director of the Chajjel of roj'al opera buffii in Potsdam from about
the Holy Cross at Querfurt iu 1713, and in 1774 to the end of the century. He had
1725 Kapellmeister to the Duke of Saxe- travelled a great deal as director of differ-
Weisseufels. He produced several operas ent troupes, and before coming to Potsdam
iu Weisseufels (1710-29), aud left in manu- was iu Hamburg for a number of years.
script church music, overtures, concertos, He composed operettas, songs, etc. tran.s- ;
sonatas, serenades, cantatas, etc. Fetis —

lated Philidor's opera, Le bdcherou, very
;
Gerber IMendel Schilling Walther.

; ; successfully iu the original metres.
; Meu- —
KOBRICHT, JOHANN ANTON, born at del Schilling. ;
Rauduitz, Bohemia, iu 1720, living there as KOCHER, KONRAD, born at Dizingen,

organist in 1788. He was organist also in Wiirtemberg, Dec. 16, 1786, died (?). Dra-
Laudsberg, Bavaria. He composed many matic composer, pupil iu St. Petersburg,
short masses for the use of country churches where he went when seventeen years old, of
for three or four voices, with two violins Cleraenti, Klengel, and Berger on the piano-
aud organ, besides other church music 3 forte, and of J. H. Midler in couuterpoint.
;
collections of sonatas for jjianoforte ; On his return to Germany the book-seller

Pre-
ludes aud fugues for organ. He published Cotta became interested in his composi-
KOIIAUT
tions,ami furnished liim means for a pro- much applause for his organ playing.
longed sojourn in Rome, where, by the iieljj Works 12 church cantatas 12 choral : ;
of Baini, he studied the musical treasures works with orchestra 9 overtures 2 sym- ; ;
of the Sistine Chapel. He was organist at phonies Many compositions for organ and ;
the Stiftskirche, Stuttgart, about 1827, and pianoforte Motets for men's voices, etc. ;
founded there the Liederkranz Society. Fotis Schilling do., Supplement, 243 — ; ;
;
—
Works Operas Der Elfenkonig, given at Schlesisches Tonkiinstler-Lexicon, 128.
:
Stuttgart ; Der Kilfig, ib. ; Der Tod Abels, KOHLER, LOUIS (HEINRICH), born at
oratorio, Leipsic, 181!) ; a quartet for piano- B r u us w i c k , Sept. 5,
forte and strings 4 sonatas for iîanoforte
; ;
1820, died at Kiinigs-
Cantatas and motets for 4 voices Songs 28 ; ; berg, Feb. 17, 188G,
melodies in the Wiirtemberger Choralbuch Pianist, pupil of Sonne-
(Stuttgart, 1828). He published also Die mann, and in theory of
Tonkunst in der Kirche, etc. (Stuttgart, Zinkeisen the elder
1823) ; a Method for pianoforte, a treatise and of Leibrock, on the
on composition, entitled Harmonik, die violin of Zinkeisen the
Kunst des Tonsatzes (Stuttgart, 1858-59), younger, then in Vienna
and Die Zionsharfe, a choral work. Men- (1839-43) pupil of Sech- —
del ; Fetis Schilling, Cilcilia, ii. 141 ix. 8. ter and Seyfried in theory, and Bocklet on
; ;
KOHAUT, JOSEPH, born iu Bohemia in the pianoforte. He was then Kapellmeister

173G, died in Paris in 1793. Dramatic at the theatres of Marienburg, Elbing, and
composer and lute player. He was a trum- (1845-4G) KOnigsberg, where he settled in
peter in the Austrian service, deserted, and 1847 as teacher, director of a school for
fled to Paris, where he became chamber pianoforte playing, conductor of a singing
musician as lute player to the Prince de society, and musical critic was appointed ;
Conti. He played at the Concerts Spirituels professor in 1880. He was one of the most
in 17(53. He composed several operas-co- zealous pianoforte teachers of our time the :
miques Le serrurier La bergere des heir, so to speak, of Carl Czeruy. With

: ;
Alpes Sophie, ou le mariage cache etc., Liszt, Wagner, Bidow, etc., he founded,
; ;
all given at the Comedie Italieune. Le ser- and really was the prime mover in the
rurier was produced also ou German stages. foundation of, the Allgemeiner Deutseher
— Dlabacz Futis do., Supplement, ii. 44; Musikverein at Leipsic, 1859. Works
; ;
Gassner Mendel Schilling Wurzbach.

; ; Operas Prinzund Maler, Vienna, ab. 1844
; :
;
KOHLER, ERNST, born at Langenbie- Maria Dolores, Brunswick, 1844 Gil Bias ; ;
lau, Silesia, May 28, 1799, died in Breslau, Der Zauberkomponist, ballet, ib., 184G Mu- ;
May 26, 1847. Virtuoso on the organ, and sic to Helena, of Euripides, Vienna, 1843 ;
pianist, pupil of his brother-in-law Haupt- Overture to Phormio, of Terence, ib. Sym- ;
mann, who was cantor at Langenbielau phony Quartet Cantata Vaterunser, for ; ; ; ;
studied composition at the age of fourteen 4 female and 4 male voices, op. 100 Songs, ;
under the cantor F. A. Kilhler at Peters- and about 300 works of pianoforte music,
waldau. In 1815 he went to Breslau, stud- principally of an instructive character. He
ied pianoforte under Berner, and violin un- contributed to all the German nuisical pcii-
der FOrster became assistant organist of odicals, and published several didactic works
;
the St. Elisabethkirche in 1817, and suc- and critical essays. Mendel N. Zeitschr. — ;
ceeded Berner iu 1827. He visited Vienna f. Mus. (188G), 99 Riemaun Signale (188G), ; ;
in 1829, Hamburg in 1830, Berlin, Leipsic, 273.

and Dresden in 1834, the Hartz and the KOLB, JOHANN BAPTIST, born at
Erzgebirge iu 1837, winning everywhere Neudettelthau, Franeonia, Aug. 31, 1743,
KOLB
tlietl in tbe early part of the 19tli centurj-. tour dc Jean, was given at Warsaw, 1854.
lustniiueutal composer, supposed iûpil of —Mendel ; Sowinski, 318 ; Fetis.
Josef Haydn ; while in Paris in 1782 he KOLLMANN, AUGUST FRHCDRICH
pubhshcJ six quartets for two violins, viola, KARL, born at Engelbostel, Hanover, in
and violoncello afterwards lived at Fiirth, 1756, died in London in November, 1824.
;
near Nuremberg. He jniblished quintets, Organist, pupil at Hanover of J. C. Bottner ;
quartets, trios for wind instruments Con- in 1778 went as tutor to London with a
;
certos, rondos, variations, etc., for piano- wealthy family, in 1782 became instructor
forte, and left in manuscript vocal music. and sexton, and in 1792 organist, at the Ger-
— Mendel Gerber Schilling Fetis.
; ; man Chapel of St. James. Works The
; :
KOLB, JULIUS VON, born in Munich Shii^wreck, or the Loss of the East Lidia-
in 1831, died there in 18G4. man Halsewell, symj^hony 12 analyzed
Pianist, pupil ;
of the 1848- fugues Rondo on the chord of the di-

Leipsic Conservatorium in ;
51. He appeared as jjianist in several minished seventh Melody of the 100th ;
cities lived in Berlin in 1853-55, then P.salra, with 100 harmonies Introduction
; ;
gave chamber music concerts with the vio- to modulation Analyzed symphony Con- ; ;
loncellist Wohlers, and returned to Munich certo for pianoforte and orchestra First ;
as professor of pianoforte at the Conserva- beginning on the pianoforte (179G). Books :
torium. He composed many salon pieces Essay on Practical Harmony (1796) Essay ;
in the bravura style, and songs. Mendel. —

on Practical Musical Comjwsitiou (1799) ;
KOLBE, OSCAR, born in Berlin, Aug. Practical Guide to Thorough-Bass (1801) ;
10, 1836, died there, Jan. 2, 1878. Com-

Vindication of a passage in ditto (1802) ;
poser and theoretical writer ;

pupil in the New theory of Musical Harmony (1806) ;
Royal Listitute for Church Music (1852-54) Second Practical Guide to Thorough-Bass
of Loschorn, A. W. Bach, and Grell, then (1807) Quarterly Musical Register, only
;
for two years pupil of the Royal Academy. two numbers (1812) Remarks on Logier ;
He received several premiums for his works, (1824).— Grove Riemann Mendel Fe- ; ; ;
and was instructor in theory at Stern's tis Gerber Schilling. ; ;
Conservatorium in 1859-75. His oratorio, KOMAN, HEINRICH, born at Warsaw

Johannes der Tiiufer, given in Berlin, in 1828, still living, 1889 (?). Pianist, pu-
1872, won him the title of royal music di- pil of his father, a bandmaster, then of
rector. He published pianoforte music Eisner at the Conservatorium of Warsaw,
and songs, a hand-book on Thorough-bass where he became professor of pianoforte.
(1862), and one on Harmony (1873).— Men- He published sonatas, nocturnes, im-
del ;Riemann Fi'tis, Supplement, ii. 45.
; promptus, concert-waltzes, etc. Mendel, —
KOLBERG, OSCAR, born in Poland in Ergiinz., 193 Fetis, Supplement, ii. 45. ;
1814, still Hving, 1889 (?). Pianist, pupil KOMARINSKAJA, for pianoforte for
of Rungenhagen and Girschner in Berlin three hands, by Glinka, written in 1839-40
(1835-37), then settled at Warsaw, to teach same title, piece for orchestra, by Glinka,
music. His compositions are mostly writ- 1847. Published by Schlesinger (Berlin).
ten on the national music of Poland be ; KOMM
HOFFNUNG. See Fulerio.
made many journeys and researches in or- KOMM, MEIN JESU, UND ER-
der to collect the original airs and songs QUICKE, duet in E-flat major, for soprano
of his country. He
published several col- and bass, with accompaniment of organ and
lections of Kujawiaks, Mazurkas, Krako- continuo, in Johann Sebastian Bach's can-
wiaks, etc., besides etudes a collection of tata, /(/( hatte viel Bekiimmerniss, Part H.
;
Polish songs, under the title,Pie&i ludu K0:MM, SUSSES KREUZ, aria in D
(Lemberg, 1842-45). His operetta, Le re- minor for the bass of Coro I., with accom-
KOMMT
paniment of violn. di gamba, orgau and con- ranged for mixed choir, and a mass. Tola
tinuo, in Joliaun Sebastian Bach's Panxion pulchra es, for do. — Mendel, Ergiiuz., I'Jl ;
nacli Matthiius (No. G6). In Franz's edition Viotta.

of the score the viola di gamba part is tran- K0NT:G jMjFRED, opera in four acts, by
scribed for violoncello solo. Joachim
RatT, first represented at the Court
KOMMT, IHR ANGEFOCHT'NEN Theatre, Weimar, under Liszt's direction.
SUNDER, alto aria in A major, with It was \vritten in Stuttgart in 1847, but was
accompaniment of flute, strings complete, remodelled for its production. Tran.scrip-
organ and continuo, in Johann Sebas- tion by Liszt (Magdeburg, 1855).— Neue
tian Bach's cantata, Freue dich, erlOste Zeit. fiir Mus. (42), 170.
Schaai". KON^G ERICH, baUade for chorus with
KOMilT, ran TOCHTER, treble chorus pianoforte accompaniment, by Rheinberger,
in E minor, with two orchestras, in Johann op. 71. Published by Simrock (Berlin, be-
Sebastian Bach's Passion uach Matthiius tween 1868 and 1873).
(No. 1). Coro L represents the Daughters KONIG MANFRED, opera in five acts,
of Ziou, Coro IL the Believers at intervals text by F. E<Jber, music by Carl Reinecke,
;
a third chorus in unison (soprano ripieno) o-p. 94, represented in Wiesbaden, July 24,
sings the choral, O Lamm Gottes unschul- 1867. Performed in Leipsic, April 23,
dig, the melody of which is by Nicolaus 1885. Pubhshed by Breitkopf k Hiirtel
Decius (died 1541). (Leipsic, 1868).— Signale (1885), 468 Mus. ;
KONEN, FRIEDRICH, born at Ehein- Wochenblatt (1885), 331.

bach, near Bonn, April 30, 1826, died at Co- KONIG STEPHAN, vorspiel with cho-
logne, Juh- G, 1S87. Church composer, pupO rus, text by Kotzebue, music by Beethoven,
of his father on the pianoforte and organ, op. 117, written for and first jjerformed at
and of Biermann on the violoncello. He be- the opening of the new theatre in Pesth,
came a priest in 1851, founded the choir of Feb. 19, 1812. The subject is King Ste-
the Catholic Vocal Society of Cologne was phan, Hungary's first benefactor. Overture
; ;
sent to Ratisbon by Cardinal vou Geissel, L Chorus, Euhend von seinen Thaten
in 18G2, to study church music under the n. Chorus, Auf dunklem Ii-rweg in finstern
cathedral Kapellmeister Schrems and Pro- Hainen IH. Siegesmarsch IV. Cbor der
; ;
fes.sor Witt. On his return he became vo- Frauen, Wo die Unschuld Blumen streute ;
cal instructor in the archbishop's seminaiy, V. !Melodram Yl. Chorus, Eine neue strah- ;
and director of the cathedral choir. Mem- lende Sonne \"TI. Maestoso con moto ;
ber of the Cacilia Society in 18C9 founded, Vni. Geistlicher Marsch IX. Schlusschor.
; ;
same year, in Cologne, a diocesan vocal so- A sketch of the work is owned by Paul
ciety of which he became first president. Mendelssohn, and the original MS. by hx-
[
Works 2 masses for male choir 5 do. for taria

: ; Co. The Philharmonic Society of
ifc
mixed choir the 41st Psalm Other chui-ch London bought the MS. of the overture in
; ;
music, etc., Te Deum Collection of motets 1815. Published first by Haslinger (Vienna,
;
for mixed choir Latin and German hymns 1828) by Breitkopf &" Hiirtel, Beethoven
; ;
for female voices Organ accompaniment Dramatische Werke, Serie 20, No. 4. Over-
;
to the Cologne Kyriale 25 songs with ture and Siegesmarsch arranged for two pi-
;
pianoforte. His brother Heiurich (born, anofortes for eight hands by Winkler (Me-
June 6, 1827, died at Cologne, June 16, chetti, Vienna). Thayer, Verzeichniss, 167 —
1865) followed the same coui-se of study, Nottebohm, Verzeichniss, 112. Lenz, Beet-
also became a priest, and did much for hoven, vol. ii. Part TN. 127 Marx, Beet- ;
the promotion of church music. He pub- hoven, ii. 179 Hanslick, Concertwesen in ;
lished a collection of old canticles, ar- Wien, ii. 352.

KONIGIN
KONIGIN MAEIETTE, comic opera in Benedictine monastery of Priifening, took
three acts, text by Zell aud Genee, music holy orders in 1734, and remained there as
bj' Iguaz Brilll, first rejjreseuted in Munich, organist and director of music imtil his
June 16, 1883 ; in Leijjsic, Nov. 6, 1884. death. Works Masses, and other church
:
Subject from the French.— Signale (1883), music ; Der woblunterwiesene Klavier-
1089. schiiler (Augsburg, 1755) Fiugerstreit ;
KONIGIN VON SABA, DIE (The Queen oder Klavieriibuug durch ein Prreambulum
of Sheba), German opera in four acts, text und Fugeu (ib., 1760).— F^tis Gerber; ;
by Mosenthal, music by Goldmark, op. 27, Schilling.

first represented at the Hofoperntheater, KONIGSSOHN, DER (The King's Son),
Vienna, March 10, 1875. The subject is ballad by XJhlaud, for solo voices, chorus,
the Queen of Sheba's visit to Solomon. and orchestra, by Robert Schumann, op.
Oi'igiual cast 116, written in June, 1851, first performed
at the ninth concert of the AUgemeiner
Die KOnigiu von Saba Frau Materna.
Musikverein in Diisseldorf, May 6, 1852 ;
Sulamith Frl. Wilt.
in Leipsic, March 5, 1853. I. Feierlich, D
Salomo Herr Beck.
minor H. Lebhaft, B-flat lU. lu mils- ; ;
Assad Herr Walter.

sigem Tempo, A minor IV. Sehr lebhaft, ;
Der Hohc Priester Herr Eokitausky.

F-sharp minor (later, F-sharp) V. Ziemlich ;
First represented at the Metropolitan Opera langsam, B minor (later, B) VI. Feierlich ;
House, New York, Dec. 2, 1885 bewegt, G. Published by F. Whistling

:
(Leipsic, 1853).
Die KOnigin von Saba. Frau Kriimer-Wiedl.
KONINCK, SERVAAS DE, Dutch com-
Sulamith Frl. Lilli Lehmann.
j)0ser, died iu Amsterdam about 1720. He
Astaroth Frl. Brandt.
jiublished choruses for Racine's Athalie ;
Salomo Herr Robinson.
Motets for one and four voices with instru-
Assad Herr Stritt.
mental accompaniment Trios for different ;
Der Hohe Priester Herr Fischer.
instruments 12 flute sonatas with bass ;
Published by Pohle (Hamburg, 187G). Ballet music, etc. Fetis Gerber Schilling. — ; ;
—Signale (1875), 257 ; Mus. Wochenblatt KONING, DAVID, born at Rotterdam,

(1875), 175 ;
Hauslick, Musikalische Statio- March 19, 1820, died at Amsterdam, Nov.
nen, 298 ; Athenscum (1875), i. 4G5 Krehbiel,
; 6, 1876. Pianist, pupil of Hutschenruijter,
Review (1885-86), 54. and at Frankfort (1834-38) of Aloys
KONIGSLOWE, JOHANN WILHELM and
Schmitt. Having visited Vienna, Paris,
VON, born in Hamburg, March London, he returned to his native city, re-
16, 1745,
died in LUbeck, May 14, 1833. Organist, ceived a prize from the Netherland Musical
pupil of his father, and at Lflbeck of Adolf Society in 1839, and settled, in 1840, at Am-
Karl Kunzen, becoming his assistant at the sterdam, where he became director of the
Marieukirche in 1773 and his successor in Felix !Meritis Choral Society, and was secre-
1781, and holding that position for fifty tary of the Ciicilia in 1848-58, and its presi-
years. He founded a singing school. Com- dent in 1858-62. Member of tlie Accade-
posed several small oratorios Organ and mia di Santa Cecilia, Rome, 1844. Works
; :
pianoforte music, mostly remaining in MS. Het Visschersmeisje, comic ojiera (prize of
— Mendel Gerber Schilling Futis.
; ; Music Society of the Netherlands)
; Do- ;
KONIGSPERGER, Pater F. ILIRIANUS, mine salvum fac, op. 1 Overture, op. 7 ;
born at Rodiug, Upper Palatinate, Dec. 4, (prize, 1839) 12 chorals, op. 8 Hymn for ; ;
1708, died at Priifening, near Ratisbon, chorus, soli, and pianoforte, op. 13 Aurora, ;
Oct. 9, 1769. Organist, educated at the chorus for 4 female voices Hymn for 4 ;
.^J^
KONNEN
female voices ; Doilecachonle, known is Le revcil du lion, which Las
12 chorals best
[
for 4 Yoices Huwelijks feestvieriug, for made the round of the world, in its origi-
; i
mixed voices, with pianoforte Elegy on nal shape, as well as arranged for orchestra.
;
the death of an artist, op. 22 String quar- Other works

; Les deux distraits, opera,
I
:
tets, sonatas for pianoforte, etudes, songs, given in London, 1872 An oratorio ;
etc. —
Fetis Gregoir, Biogr.,
; 110; Rie- Masses Overtures Symphonies 2 con- ; ; ;
mann Schilling, Supplement, 24.5.

; certos for pianoforte with orchestra.— So-
KONNEN THEiVNEN HIEEsE WANG- winski, 322 ; Schilling ; Wurzbach.
EN, aria in G minor for the alto of Coro KONTSKI, APOLUNARY DE, bom at
11.,with accompaniment of violins in uni- Warsaw, Oct. 23, 1825, died there, June 29,
son, organ, and continuo, in Johann Sebas- 1879. Virtuoso on the violin, pujnl of his
tian Bach's Passion nach Matthiius (No. Gl). brother Charles (1815-67), i)layed concertos
KONNTE JEDElt BRAVE MANN. See by Rode and other master.s, when only four
Zauherflutc. years old, and made such a favourable im-
KONRADIN, DER LETZTE HOHEN- pression on Paganini, after his second pub-
STAUFE (The Last Hohenstaufen), German lic appearance in Paris, that the great
opera in three by E. Reinicke, master undertook his further instruction,
acts, text
music by Ferdinand Hiller, represented at and afterwards left him his violin and com-
Dresden, Oct. 13, 1847. positions in his will. Having travelled
KONRADIN, KARL FERDINAND, Aus- through France, he was equally successful
trian comijoser, contemjiorarj', who brought in Germany, 1848, appeared in St. Petei-s-
out the following works in Vienna Goliath, burg, 1851, also with brilliant success, and
:
operetta. May, 18G4 Ein junger Candi- in 1853 became solo virtuoso to the Czar
;
;
dal, operetta, Oct. 20, 186G Turandot, op- in 1861 he settled at W:u-saw, where he
;
eretta, Nov. 29, 18GG and at Munich, Ein founded the Conservatorium, and was its
;
erster Versuch, 18GG. —

Fctis, Sujiplemeut, director until his death. i.His compositions
196. for the violin, consisting of pieces de salon,
KONTSKI, ANTOINE DE, born at Cra- caprices, mazourkas, etc., have no especial
cow, Oct. 27, 1817, merit. Fetis Sowinski, 32G Mendel — ; ; ;
Btm living, 1889. Wurzbach.

Pianist, pupil at KOPPRASCH, WENZEL, born, probably
Warsaw of Johann in Bohemia, about the middle of the 18th
Markendorf, and at century. Bassoonist, member of the
Moscow (1830) of prince's orchestra where he
at Dessau,
Field. After many composed the opera, Finer jagt den Andern,
concert tours he for the court theatre. He published 2 con-
lived in Paris until certos for bassoon, arias with variations
18.51, and then in for do., aU with small orchestra 6 waltzes ;
Berlin for about two for pianoforte. —

Mendel Gerber Fctis. ; ;
years, and was made court pianist in 1854- ;

KOPRZRVA, K.ARL. born at Zitolib, Bo-
G7 he lived in St. Petersburg, whence he hemia, Feb. 9, 1756, died there, March 15,
made many professional tours, and went to 1785. Organist, son and pupil of Wenzel
London to teach the higher grades of pi- Kopriiwa (1708-90'), and pujul of Segert
anoforte playing. the United in Prague. His church music, 7 masses,
He visited
States, and gave a series of concerts in 1885- motets, etc. 12 symphonies, 8 concertos ;
8G. Among his numerous compositions for organ, preludes, fugues, remain in ÎS.
for the pianoforte, brilliant and full of tech- — Mendel; Gerber; Schilling; Wurzbach;
nical difficulties, but of no high order, the Fc'tis.
KOrii^.IWA
KOPRZRVA, AVENZEL, called Urtica, KORBER, GEORG, born at Nuremberg

born at Brdlocb, Bohemia, Feb. 8, 1708, in 1550, died at Altdorf in 1G20. Church
died at Zitolib, probably in 17!)0. Organ- composer, assistant teacher at the College
ist,studied at the Dollhojjf school, famous of St. Lorenz, Nuremberg magister at ;
at that time. He lived in Prague for a Altdorf in 1601. He published motets for
long time, was called to Zitolib as rector of 3 voices in Tyrocinium musicum (Nurem-
the college and organist, which positions he berg, 1589) ; Disticlia moralia, 5 voc. (ib.,
retained for more than sixty years. His 1599) Gratiarum, 4 voc.
; Benedictiones
church music, consisting of masses, offer- (ib.). —Mendel;
Gerber; Schilling Fetis. ;
tories, litanies, vespers, etc., known in Bo- KOSCHAT, THOMAS, born at Viktring,
hemia as Urtica's, was never published. Carinthia, Aug. 8, 1845, still living, 1889.
— Mendel ; Gerber Schilling Wurzbach Bass singer and vocal composer studied
; ; ;
;
Fotis. medicine at the University of Vienna and

KORBAY, FRANCIS ALEXANDER, was induced by Heinrich Esser to become
born in Budapest, chorus singer at the court opera led the ;
Hungary, May 8, chorus, and was also in the court chapel.

1S4G, .stiU liViug, He became known in 1871 by his quartets
1889. Pianist and for men's voices, and attained great popu-
singer, fir.st in- larity. In 1875 he organized the Kiirnthner
structed by his pa- quintett with some of his fellow singers.
whom Among his favourite compositions are Am
rents.both of
were distinguished WOrthersee, eine Walzeridylle Eine Bau- ;
amateurs, and pu- eruhochzeit in Kiiruthen (1879) Kirchtags- ;
Roger in sing- bilder aus Kiirnthen (1880). He afterwards

pil of
ing, of ISIichael Mo- combined his most famous vocal composi-
sonyi and Robert tions in the Liedersiiiel, Am WOrthersee,
Volkmann composition studied the which was given with great success in Vi-
;
higher branches of music under Liszt, who enna, and many provincial theatres. He has
was his godfather. In 1805-68 he was a composed over two hundred works. Mendel,
tenor singer at the National Opera House Ergiinz., 193 Ft'tis, Supplt'meut, ii. 46.
;
in Budajiest, then travelled in Germany, KOSPOTH, OTTO KARL ERD:\LVNN,

England, and America as a concert iîauist, Freiherr VON, born at Miihltrofi', Saxony,
and in the autumn of 1871 settled in New middle of the 18th century. Pianist and
York, to teach the pianoforte and singing. dramatic composer. After travelling several
He has also made a specialty of giving years in Italy he became royal chamber-
vocal recitals here and in Boston, in which lain at the court of Prussia, and secular
he plays his own accomj)animents. Works canon of Magdeburg. Works Singspiele
: — :
Nuptiale, for full orchestra, repeatedly per- Der Irrwisch Adrast uad Isidore ; Bella ;
formed by the orchestras of Thomas, Seidl, uud Fernando, oder die Satyro (1790) Der ;
and Gericke Le Matin, for a voice and Miidchenmarkt zu Ninive (1795) Oratorio,
; ;
pianoforte, arranged for orchestra by Liszt given in Venice, 1787 Symphonies, quar- ;
(Paris) ;Duets for soprano and contralto tets, trios for strings, overtures, concertos
(Paris and Leipsic) ;Collection of Hun- for different instruments, serenades, songs,
garian folk-songs, transcribed for the piano- etc. — Mendel ; Gerber ; Schilling ; Frtis.
forte (London, 1889) ; Pianoforte pieces and KOSSMALY, KARL, born in Breslau,
songs, among which the Schilflieder (Reed- July 27, 1812, still living, 1889. Composer
Songs), a cycle of 5 lyric poems by Lenau, and writer on music, pupil of Ludwig Berg-
deserve esjêcial mention. er, Zelter, and Bernhard Klein in Berlin.
IvOTIIE
He was aiipointed director of the united Paris for three years with Liszt, and after
Wiesbaden and Mainz in 1830, his return settled at Breslau, whence he
theatres of
of the New Opera, Amsterdam, in 1834, of went to K.jnigsberg as Conzertmeister in
the theatres of Detmold and Bremen in 1848. On a concert tour through Russia
1841—14, and of the city theatre of Stet- and Siberia he accepted a position as music
tin in 1846-49. Since then he has Hved in director in 18.50 at Uralsk, where he was
Stettin, teaching, conducting concerts, and killed by accident at the chase. Very few
writing for musical periodicals. Of his com- of his compositions, consisting of concertos
positions, consisting of symphonies, over- for the violin, string quartets, songs, etc.,
tures, and other instrumental and vocal have been pubhshed.— Mendel ; Riemann ;
music, only songs and part-songs have been Futis, Supplement, ii. 44.
published. As a writer he is a prominent KOTZOLT, HE IN RICH, born at
adversary of the new German tendency. Schnellenwalde, Silesia, Aug. 26, 1814, died
— Futis ; Riemann.
ilendel ; in Berlin, July 2 (3), 1881. Ba.ss singer,
KOTHE, BERNHAED, born at Griibnig, pupil of his father, with whom he went in
Silesia, May 12, 1821, still living, 1889. 1826 to Poseu, where he became chori.ster in
Church composer, pupil at the Royal Insti- the cathedral. In 1834 he began to study
tute for Church Music of Berlin and of A. theology at Breslau, but gave it up and
B. Marx. He became in 18.51 church music went to Berlin in 1836, obtained a position
director and vocal instructor at Oppeln, and in the KOnigstiidter Theater, and studied
in 1809 instructor of music at the seminary composition under Dehn and Ruugenhagen
in Breslau, where he founded the Ciicilien- until 1838, when he was engaged as bass
verein for church music. He has composed at the City Theatre of Dantzic, and on leav-
masses, motets, organ music, and published ing the stage lived there as teacher until
Musica sacra, a collection of hymns for 1842. After several concert toui-s he be-
male voices Singtafeln, for instruction in came first bass-singer in the cathedral
;
schools a vocal method, and two books on choir, Berlin, in 1843, studied the organ
;
music. —
Mendel do., Ergiinz., 194
; Rie- under A. W. Bach, and counterpoint under
;
mann. Dehn, founded a singing society, which

KOTT, FRANZ FRIEDRICH, born at bears his name, in 1849, and in 1862 be-
Klein-Zbieschitz, Bohemia, April 15, 1808, came assistant director of the cathedral
died (?). Pianist and organist, pupil of choir. He was appointed royal music di-
Diouys Weber at the Couservatorium, rector in 1866, and professor in 1876. He
Prague, then settled at Briinn, Moravia, published instruction books for the school
where he became organist of the cathedral, he directed in Berlin, an a cappella method
and was a favourite teacher of the piano- which went through six editions, and a col-
forte for many years. Works Zizka's lection of songs for school choirs.
: His pub-
Eiche, opera, given with great success at lished compositions are Tlie 54th psalm, :
Briinn, 1842, 1843, afterwards at Prague for double chorus a cappella

;
Lobet den ;
Dalibor, do., Prague, 1847 (?) ; Heideu, for eight voices Te

Several Herru alle ;
masses, oratorios, cantatas, overtures, cho- Deum, and Macte senex for full choir uni-
ruses, etc. —Mendel ; Wurzbach. sono, and small choir in four parts, a cap-
KOTTLITZ, ADOLPH. born at Treves, pella.— Mendel ;Riemann.

Sept. 27, 1820, died at Uralsk, Siberia, Oct. KOTZWARA (Koczwara), FRANZ, bom
26, 1860. Violinist, pupil at the age of five in Prague about 1750, died in London,
of Fischer, Kapellmeister of the cathedral ;
Sept. 2, 1791. Violinist and pianist, played
appeared in public three years later, and at in Gallini's orchestra in Ireland in 1790,
Cologne at the age of sixteen went to and in a band at the Handel Commemora-
;
KOZELUCII
tion in London
in May, 1701. He was a Works —
Operas Lo Mazet, Vienna, 1780 : ;
dissipated,though clever man, and little is Didone abbandonata, ib., ab. 1705 Judita, ;
known of him beyond the fact that, while o la liberazione di Betulia Deborah und ;
iu gay company, he allowed himself to be Sisara Ottone, heroic ballet Die Bege-
; ;
hanged for the jest of the thing, and was benheiten Telemach's auf der Insel der
cut down too late. Works The Bailie of Kalypso, characteristic tableau (1708)
:
;
Prague, for pianoforte, with vioUn, violon- Mose in Egitto, oratorio, Vienna, 1787
cello, and drum 12 trios for strings 3 Kronungs-Cantate, Prague, National Thea-
; ;
serenades for with violoncello and tre, 1701 Joseph, der Menschheit Segen,
violin, ;
two horns G duos for flute and violin 3 cantata Denis' Klagen auf den Tod jNIaria
; ; ;
sonatas for pianoforte and violin 3 sona- Theresiens, do. 24 ballets 3 pantomimes
; ; ; ;
tinas for pianoforte Songs. Fctis Ger- 30 symphonies

; —50 concertos for piano-
; ;
ber ; Grove ; Wurzbach. forte ; GO sonatas and trios for pianoforte,

KOÊLUCH (Kotzeluch), JAN ANTON- violin, and violoncello ; G concertos for vio-
IN, born at Welwaru, Bohemia, Dec. 13, loncello ; 2 do. for clarinet ; 2 do. for horn ;
1738, died iu Prague, Feb. 3, ISU. Dra- G quartets for strings ; 7 collections of min-
matic and church composer, studied at uets, etc., for pianoforte Several collections ;
Prague, then was choirmaster at Rako- of German and Italian songs, etc. Dlabacz —
nitz Welwaru, whence he returned to
and at Fetis ; Gerber ; Schilling ; Wurzbach ; All-
Prague, and studied composition under Se- gem, wiener mus. Zeitg. (1841), No. 127-
gert. To perfect himself he went to Vien- 129.
na, where he was kindly received by Ghick KOZLOWSKI, IGN.VZ PLATO, born
and Gassmanu, and studied recitative under at Vinnitsa, Podolia, in 1786, died iu War-
Hasse. On his return to Prague he was saw in 1859. Pianist, pupil of John Field
appointed choirmaster of the Kreuzherrn- in St. Petersburg ; taught successively in
kirclie, and in 1784 Kapellmeister of the Warsaw, St. Petersburg,
his native place, in
cathedral. Works Alessandro nell' Indie, : Moscow, and Odessa. He wrote an opera,
opera, given in Prague, 1774 Demofoonte, ; Marylla ;
published a collection of Polish
do.; La morte d' Abele, oratorio Gioas, re ; songs, which became very popular iu Po-
di Giuda, do., performed in the Ki'euzherrn- land, polonaises for pianoforte, etc. His
kirche, Prague, 1777 Masses for four voices ; most important work is a pianoforte method
and orchestra for every Sunday and feast in Polish (Warsaw).— Sowitiski, 338 Men- ;
day in the year Several solemn masses and

; del ; Fetis.
grand vespers for festivals 5 Requiems ; ;
KOZLOWSKY, JOSEPH, born in War-
116 graduals and offertories 147 motets ; saw in 1757, died in St. Petersburg, Feb.
for the entire year Litanies, anthems, etc. 27, 1831.
; Instrumental and vocal composer.
— Dlabacz; Gerber; Mendel; Schil- After serving in several musical capacities
Fc'tis;
ling Wurzbach.
; in Poland he went to Russia and became
KOÊLUCH (Kotzeluch), LEOPOLD, aide-de-camp to Prince Dolgoruki in the
born at Wei warn, Bohemia, in 17.54, died war against the Turks. Prince Potemkin
in Vienna, May 7, 1818. Dramatic and took him under his protection and intro-
instrumental composer, cousin of the pre- duced him at the court of Catherine H. in ;
ceding studied jurisprudence at Prague in time he became music director of the im-
;
17G.'), but took up music as a profession in perial theatres, and held this position also
1771, and became music-master of the under Paul I. and Alexander I. until 1821,
Archduchess Elizabeth in Vienna in 1778. when he was pensioned, and lived in St.
In 1702 he was appointed court Kapellmeis- Petersburg tiU his death. He was a clever
ter and composer, succeeding Mozart. and prolitic comjioser and left a great num-
KRACHER
ber of cantatas, choruses, aud ijolonaises, voices and full orchestra ; Do., for tenor and
written for court occasions, overtures and bass, with full orcliestra ; Dixit, for G voices
incidental music to dramas, songs, etc. and do. etc. FOtis. ; —
His masteipiece was the Requiem composed KR.iFT, ANTON, born at Rokitzan, near
for the obsequies of the last King of Po- Pilsen, Bohemia, Dec. 30, 1752, died in Vi-
land, Stanislas Poniatowski, in 1798. So- enna, Aug. 28, 1820. Virtuoso on the vio- —
wi^ski, 3.37 ; Fotis. loncello, pupil at Prague of Werner, after-
KRACHER, JOSEPH IMATTHIAS, born wards in Vienna of Haydn in composition.
at Mattighofen, Salzburg, Jan. 30, 1752, died Was musician to Prince Eszterhazy in 1778
at Kochl, ib., Church com- -90, to Prince Grassalkovics in 1790-95,
about 1830.
poser entered the choii' of the convent of and to Prince Lobkowitz in 179.5-1820.
;
Filrstenzell at the age of nine was cantor With his son Nikolaus he made concert
;
of several places, and in 1772 became organ- tours to Berlin and Dresden in 1792 aud
ist at Seekirchen, which jwsition he held for repeatedly afterwards. Works Concerto :
forty-two years, exchanging it afterwards for violoncello and orchestra 6 sonatas for ;
for a similar one at Kochl, near Hallein. violoncello and bass Divertissement for ;
On the advice of Michael Haydn he studied do. 3 duos concertants for violin and vio- ;
composition through the works of the great loncello 2 duos for two violoncellos. ;
masters, and from 1775 composed a great Dlabacz Fi'tis Gerber Mendel Schil- — : ; ; ;
deal of church music, much used, but never ling Wurzbach. ;
published. Works (in 1803) 22 masses, KRAFT, NIC0L.1US, born at Eszterlulz,

:
4 Requiems 24 graduals 15 oflertories Hungary, Dec. 14, 1778, died at Stuttgart,

; ;
;
2 Te Deum G Tenebra;
; 1 Vesper de :May 18, 1853. Violoncellist, son ami pupil
;
Beata 20 Vesper-hymns
; -4 litanies, etc. of Anton Kraft, whom he accompanied on
;
—Biogr. Schilderungen Salzburger Kiinstler his concert tours while still young, then for
(Salzburg, 1821), 117 ; Futis ; Wurzbach. a year pupil Duport in Berlin.
of He
KR.AFF, mCHAEL,
born in Franconia jslayed with Mozart in Dresden, 1789, and
about 1580. famous in
Vocal composer, settled in Vienna in 1790 was one of Prince ;
his time. He is known by Die neun Musen Karl Lichnowsky's famous quartet party
niit acht stimmen und Generalbass (Dil- which first introduced many of Beethoven's
lingen, 1G06) ; Missm, 12 vocum (1624) Sa- ; works chamber musician to Prince Lob-
;
crse concentus, 2, 3, 4, 7 vocum (Ravens- kowitz, who sent him to Berlin in 1801, to
burg, 1624).— Fi'tis ; Gerber. study with Louis Duport. He gave con-
KR.AFFT, FRAN^'OIS JOSEPH, born at and in Leipsic, Dresden, Prague,
certs thei'e,
Brussels, July 22, 1721, died at Ghent, Jan. and Vienna, where he entered the orchestra
15, 1795. Church composer, was chorister of the opera in 1809 was engaged by the ;
in Ghent, and then music teacher in Brus- King of Wiirtemberg for his chapel, in
sels. Became director of music at Saint- Stuttgart, in 1814. He undertook a con-
Bavon's, Ghent, in 1768. Works Mass for : cert tour with Hunuuel in 1818, and one
8 voices and organ 3 Te Deum for do. ; ;
with his son Friedrich (born 1807), who had
Mass for 4 voices aud do. 2 masses for 5 ; inherited the talent of father and grand-
voices and do. Mass for orchestra Con-
; ; father, in 1821. An accident to his hand
fitebor tibi, for chorus with orchestra ;
obliged him to give up playing, in 1834,
Beatus vir, for do. L;ptatus sum, for do.; ;
when he was pensioned. Works : 5 con-
2 Laudate pueri, for do. Ave verum, for ; certos for violoncello ; Polonaise for do. and
do. Dixit, for small orchestra Ave Regina
; ; orchestra, op. 2 ; Bolero, for do., op. 6 ;
Ccelorum, for do. O salutaris, for 5 voices Scene pastorale for do., op. 9 Rondo a la
; ;
with orchestra O Sacrum Couvivium, for 8 chasse, for do., op. 11

;
3 divertissements ;
KRAHMER
progressifs for 2 violoncellos, op. 14: ;he was appointed Kapellmeister, and iu this
G
duos for do., op. 15, 17 ; Fautaisie for vio- cajjacity conducted the operas with dia-
loucello, with quartet, oj). 1. —Fetis ; Men- logue. He has published symphonies, over-
del ; Schilling ; Wurzbacb. tures, string quartets, violin solos, cantatas,
KRAHMER, JOH.iNN ERNST, born at songs, hymns, etc. — Meudel ; Fetis, Suj^ple-
Dresden, March 30, 1795, died in Viennu, ment, ii. 46.
Jan. 16, 1837. Virtuo.so on the oboe, iûpil KRANZ, JOHANN FRIEDRICH, born
of Krebs, Kuiiimer, and Jackel. He en- at Weimar in 1754, died at Stuttgart iu
listed with the Saxon volunteers in 1814, 1807. Violinist, pupil of GOpfert until 1781,
but could not endure the hardships of the when he was sent by the duke to finish
campaign, and returned to Dresden, whence his studies in Italy, where he enjoyed con-
he went to Vienna in 1815 as first oboist siderable reiûtation as a violinist ; re-
in the opera orchestra in 1822 he became;
turning iu 1787, he lived in Munich for a
als« a member of the imperial court and year, then became second Conzertmeister
chamber music. His compositions, which of the court orchestra in AVeimar, and suc-
won great admiration as played by him in ceeded Zumsteeg as Kapellmeister iu Stutt-
his concerts, remain in MS. —Fetis ; Men- gart in 1803. He composed a violin con-
del ; Schilling Wurzbach.
;
certo (1807), music to the Gross-Coj)hta, and
KRAK.iJlP, EMMANUELE, born at Pa- other dramas, a concerto for viola (1778),
lermo, Feb. 3, 1813, tlied at Najiles in No- songs, etc. — Mendel ; Schilling.
vember, 1883. Flutist, pupil of his father, KRAUS, JOSEPH M.mTIN, born at
a director of military music. He made con- Mannheim in 1756, died at Stockholm, Dec.
cert tours to Messina, Catania, and Malta 15, 1792. Dramatic composer, pupil of Abt
;
and and Can- Vogler on the jnanoforte and iu composi-

visited Mexico, the Antilles,
ada, returning to Naples in 1837, when he tion studied at several universities and
;
became bandamster of the 92d Regiment finallj' went to Stockholm, where his talent
of Corfu, and in 1811 assistant inspector of soon won the notice of Gustavus IH., who
classes at the Couservatorio San Pietro a sent him in 1784 to Italy to study. Two
Majella, Najiles, and solo fiute to the Count j-ears later he joined the king there, and
of Syracuse. In 1848 he went to Rome, be- went with him to Rome and as court Ka-
came bandmaster of the first Roman legion, pellmeister to Vienna, whence he went to
and after the fall of the republic made finish his studies in Paris, and remained
other concert tours in 18G0 be became there until 1789. Works Dido and iEneas,
; :
professor in the Couservatorio Albergo de' Swedish opei-a, given in Stockholm, 1790 ;
Poveri, Naples. He comjiosed about 255 Interludes to the comedy Amphitryon Can- ;
works for flute, a method and studies for tata for the funeral of Gustavus HI. Sym- ;
do., also methods for clarinet, oboe, and jjhonies String quartets Quintet for wind ; ;
bassoon, which are introduced in all the instruments Canons, arias, songs Stella ; ;
conservatories of Italy. —
Mendel, Ergiiuz., coeli, motet with instruments; Pianoforte
194 Fetis, Supplement, ii. 46.
; music, etc. Gerber Mendel Schilling — ; ; ;
KR.IMER, TRAUGOTT, born at Coburg, Fetis.

Nov. 19, 1818, still living, 1889. Violinist, KRAUSE, ANTON, born at Geithain,
pupil at the Couservatorium of Prague in Saxony, Nov. 9, 1834, still living, 1889.
1834-37, became court musician, and first Pianist, pupil of Spindler, Friedrich Wieck,
violinist of the ducal orchestra of Coburg and Reissiger in Dresden then studied ;
and Gotha, and in 1854 Conzertmeister. at the Leipsic Couservatorium in 1850-53.

He founded and conducted for many years He became conductor of the Leipziger Lie-
a string quartet society in both cities later dertafel in 1855 succeeded Karl Reinecke
; ;
KRAUSE
at Barmen
in 1859, in the direction of the studied at the teachers' seminary, Weis-
city Gesangvereiu, Gyninasial-Sangercbor, seufeLs, in 1851-54. He was a teacher in
and Concordiaconzerte 1854 at Hettstildt, where ho organized a
was afterwards appoint- ^înging society appeared first as a singer ;
ed royal music director. at Halle in an oratorio, went to Berlin in

Works 2 operas Ky- : ; 1858, sang at the Bach Society concerts and
rie, Sauctus, and Beu- in the Singakademie, and made a reputation
edictusforcliorus, solos, as an oratorio singer there and at concerts
and orchestra ; 10 son- in Leip.sic, Zeitz, Gera, Dresden, etc. He
atas, 60 etudes, and was appointed principal teacher of a public
other music for piano- school in Berlin, vocal instructor of the
forte ; Song s .
— Men- cadet corps, and director of the society for
del ; Futis, Sui^plement, ii. 47 ; Riemann. church music a cappella. He is nuisical re-
KRAUSE, CHRISTIAN GOTTFRIED, porter for the
Deutsche Rundschau, the
bom at Winzig, Silesia, in 1719, died in Reichsbote, and the Berliner Zeituug, and
Berlin, July 21, 1770. Instrumental and has published string quartets, songs, quar-
vocal composer, pupil of his father, who was tets male voices, choruses for mixed
for
city musician ; studied law in Breslau and voices, Mendel.
etc. —
Frankfort-on-the-Oder, went to Berlin in lOl.iUSS, BENEDICT, born in Salzburg
1747, was at first secretary to General von in the first part of the 18th century, died in
Rothenhurg, and from 1753 attorney to the the early part of the 19th century. Church
magistrate and at the French district court. and dramatic composer. Kapellmeister to
He composed symphonies, concertos, trios, Duke Clemens of Bavaria then director of ;
and other instrumental music, cantatas, the court theatre at Weimar in 1785.
odes, and songs, aU left in MS. He was Die Pilgrime auf Golgotha, orato- Works :
author of Von der musikalischen Poesie rio Die Schijpfung, cantata Amor's Zu- ; ;
(Berlin, 1753), and other writings. Men- fiiUe, operetta Symphonies, and other in- — ;
del Gerber; Schilling Fetis.; strumental music

; Italian and German ;
KRAUSE, EMIL, bom in Hamburg in arias Songs, etc. Mendel Gerber Schil- ; — ; ;
1840, still Uving, 1889. Pianist and writer ling Futis. ;
on nuisic, pupil at the Conservatorium, IvRAUSSE, THEODOR, born at Weimar,

Leipsic, 1858-60, of Hauptmann, Rietz, May 31, 1822, died at Miuister, Maix-h 10,
Moscheles, Plaidy, and Richter then taught 1868. Pianist, pupil of Topfer on the or-
;
the pianoforte and theory in Hamburg, gan and in theory, and in Paris (1839-41)
where he became professor at the Conser- of Kalkbreuner on the pianoforte made ;
vatorium in 1885. Works : 3 cantatas ;

concert tours through Russia, Sweden,
Ave Maria for female double choms in sis Denmark, Holland, Germany, finally settled
parts Chamber music Songs Beithige
; ; ; at Miiuster to teach music, and with Bis-
zur Technik des Klavierspiels, op. 38 and ping founded in 1853 a musical institute,
57 ; Aufgabenbuch fiir die Harmonielehre. which is still tlourishing. His compositions
—Mendel ; Fc-tis, Supplement, iL 47 Rie- ;
are chiefly studies and other instructive
mann. music for pianoforte. —ilendel.
KRAUSE, THEODOR, born at Halle, KREBS, JOHANN B.U*TLST, bom at
May 1, 1833, still living, 1889. Baritone Ueberauchen, Baden, April 12, 1774, died
oratorio singer, pupil ofEduard JIantius at Stuttgart, Oct. 2, 1851. Tenor singer
and Martin Blumner in singing, of Greger, of reputation, pupil of Weiss at Douau-
Naue, E. Hentschel, and Grell, later of Mo- eschingen made his debut in Stuttgart, ;
ritz Hauptmann in Leipsic, in theory. He 1795, and was a great favourite imtil he
KREBS
retired from the stage in 1823. He com- sic, and songs. .Vllgom. d. Biogr., xvii. 99 — ;
posed many songs and part-songs, which Fetis Mendel Schilling. ; ;
were very popular. —

jillgem. d. Biogr., KRELBE, JOHANN KONRAD, born at
xvii. 98 Fctis Mendel Schilling.
; ; Gotba, Aug. 15, 1722, died at Ballenstiidt,
;
KREBS, JOHANN LUDWIG, born at Oct. 25, 1780. Instrumental composer, pu-
Buttelstiidt, Thuriugia, Oct. 10, 1713, died pil of Georg Benda studied also in Berlin ;
at Altenburg in 1780. Oi'ganist of great and Dresden, and in 1765 became Kapell-
fame, sou and jjupil of Johaun Tobias Krebs meister to Prince Friedrich Albrecht vou
(1G90-1759, cantor and organist) entei'ed Bernberg, at Ballenstiidt. Composed church
;
the Thomasschule, Leipsic, in 1726, and for music, symphonies, concertos for pianoforte
nine years was the favourite i)upil of Bach. and for violin, quintets, quartets, trios, and
After studying philosophy at Leipsic for other instrumental music. His .son Benjamin
two years, he became organist at Zwickau in Felix Friedrich (bora April 3, 1772, died
1737, at Zeitz in 1744, and court organist about 1840?) entered the court orchestra at
at Altenburg in 175G. Works
Klavier- Ballenstiidt in 1787 as violinist, was a jnipil
:
iibungen (Nuremberg, 1743-49) Concerto of Rust and Agthe, became Conzertmeister,

;
for pianoforte ; Sonatas for pianoforte and and in 1834 Hof-Kai)e]lmeistei\ Of his
flute ; Trios for flutes ; Suites, j^reludes, compositions, several concertos for various
etc., for jjianoforte ; Organ music ; Vocal instruments, and music for violin, were
church music. — Allgem. d. Biogr., xvii. 9G ;
published. — Mendel Gerber
; ; Schilling ;
Fctis; Schilling Fetis.

KREBS, KAKL AUGUST, born at KEEIPL, JOSEPH, bom in Austria in
Nuremberg, Jan. IG, 1805, died in Vienna, June, 186G. Tenor
1804, died in Dresden, singer, and vocal comjjoser lived in Ham- ;
May IG, 1880. Pian- burg, Schwerin, and later in Linz (1847).
ist, son of August and He became famous through his song. Das
Charlotte Miedcke, Mailiifterl, written to the words of Kles-
but adojited on the heim. —
Mendel Fetis, Sujiplcment, ii. 49.
;
death of his mother by KREISLERIANA, eight pieces for piano-

Johann Baptist Krebs;
by Robert Schumann, o]). 16, com- forte,
pupil of Schelble, and, posed in 1838 and dedicated to Chopin.
in 1825, of Seyfried Title from Ernst T. A. Hoffmann's Fantasie-
at Vienna. He jilayed stiicke in Callots Manier (Bamberg, 1814),
concertos by Mozart, Dussek, Eies, etc., and it is thought that in the figure of Ka-
when only six years old, and composed his pellmeister Kreisler Schumann reflected
first opera, Feodore, at the age of seven himself. I. Aeusserst bewegt, in D minor ; ;
was Kapellmeister at the Stadttheater in H. Sehr innig und nicht zu rasch, in B-

Hamburg from 1827 to 1850, court Kapell- flat Intermezzo 1, in B-flat Intermezzo 2, ; ;
meister at Dresden until 1871, and then in minor HI. Sehr aufgeregt, in G G ;
conductor in the Catholic court chapel. minor IV. Sehr langsam, in B-flat V. ; ;
His second wife, Aloysia Michalesi, was a Sehr lebhaft, in G minor ; Yl. Sehr langsam,
celebrated opera singer, and his daughter, in B-flat YH. Sehr rasch, in C minor ;
Mary Krebs, is a distinguished pianist. VIM- SchneU und spieleud, in G minor.

Works Silva, oder die Macht des Gesanges, Published by C. Haslinger (Vienna, 1838)
:
opera, given in Hamburg, 1830 Agnes, F. Whistling (Leipsic, 1850) and Gustav
; ;
der Engel von Augsburg, do., ib., 1834, re- Heinze (Leipsic, 1858). Nos. L and VIH.
written and given in Dresden, 1858 and aiTauged for pianoforte for four hands, by
1863 ; Masses ; Te Deum Pianoforte mu- Gustav Heinze (Leipsic).
;
krejCI
KREJCf, JOSEPH, bom at Milostin, his native place,whence he went once more
Bohemia, Feb. G, 1822, died in Prague, to Munich, and wrote a mass and a festive
Oct. 1!), Organist and church com- overture for the return of the victorious
1881.
poser, pujjil of Josejjh Kuthan, on the pi- German army. Works Operettas Der — :
anoforte and other in.strunients, at Senomat, Onkel aus der Lombardie Hansel und Gre- ;
where he substituted the leader of the town tel, Miirchenspiel Der Vetter auf Besuch, ;
orchestra, when only thirteen years old. given in Munich, Hoftheater Die Kreuz- ;
Througli his acquaintance with Chladek, fahrer Das Orakel in Delphi Die Geister
; ;
organist at Kakonitz during those years, he des Weins Der Rothmantel Die Franzo-
; ;
made a close study of Bach's works. In sen in Gotha, romantic comic opera ; Lands-
1837 he went to Prague, became a pupil of knechtlieder, and other songs, duets, etc.
Fiihrer at the organ school, taking the first — Allgem. d. Biogr., xvii. 122 ; Mendel.
prize, although he was the youngest scholar, KREMSER, EDU.VJID, born in Vienna,
and private pujiil of Vitasek in composition April Vocal 10, 1838, still living, 1889.
and instrumentation, and after that teacher's
composer, became conductor of the Miin-
death studied theory under Joseph Proksch. nergesangverein in 1869, and compo.sed
In 1814 he became organist and in 1853 for it a number of choruses, which have be-
choir director of the Kreuzherrn Church, come very popular in many places. Other
having meanwhile acted in the latter capac- works Eine Opcrette, oiôretta given in :
ity at the Minoriten Church, in 1818-53. Pesth, 1875 ; Orchestra, and pianoforte mu-
He was appointed instructor of harmony and sic, and songs.
organ at the new Bohemian School in 1849, KRENN, FRANZ, born at Dross, Nether
director of the Organ School in 1858, and Austria, Feb. 26, 1810, still living, 1889.
director of ConseiTatorium in 18G5.
the Organist, j)upil of Seyfried Vienna in in
He was equally remarkable as an organist, 1834 ; was organist in several churches of
leader, and teacher his compositions for
; Vienna, then became Kapellmeister at St.
the organ rank among the best in modern Michael's in 1862, and professor of har-
times. Other works An oratorio Classes : ; mony in the Conservatorium, 1869. Works :
Te Deums Antiphons, etc. Overtures for

; ; Bonifacius, oratorio ; Die vier letzten
orchestra Quartets for male voices Songs,
; ; Dinge, do. Cantatas 15 Masses, 3 Re-
; ;
etc.— jNIendel Slovnik uau6ny (Pi'ague,

; quiems, Vespers, and other church music
1859), iv. 981 Wurzbach.
; One symphony Several quartets Piano- ; ;
KREMPELSETZER, GEORG, and organ music

born Songs, and cho-
at forte ;
Vilsbiburg, Bavaria, April 20, 1827, died ruses Method for the organ Vocal method ; ;
there, June 9, 1871. Dramatic composer for schools, etc. Mendel Riemann. — ;
was established as a cloth-maker when he KRETSCmiER, born at EDMUND,

adopted music as a profession, and at the Ostritz, Saxony, Aug,
age of thirty became a pupil of Franz Lach- 31, 1830, still" living,
ner at Munich later on he found a friend 1889.
; Organist and
and adviser in Josef Rheinberger. Win- di-amatic composer,
ning success as a composer of songs, an first instructed by his
operetta, and comic scenes for the Akademie father then in Dres- ;
Singing Society, he became assistant Ka- den pupil of Julius

pellmeister of the Actientheater in 1865 Otto and Johann
then lived for a time privately in Munich, Schneider. In 1854
went as Kapellmeister to GCirlitz in 1868, he became organist of '
and to Berlin and Konigsberg in 1870. the Catholic court chapel, and in 1863 court
His serious ilhiess caused him to return to organist ho founded the Ciicilien-Verein, ;
KRETZSCHMAR
and 1850-70 conducted several musical
in i
member of the royal chapel. Works Op- —
societies. At the iuteruatioual competition I
eras Le forgeron de Bassora, 1813 Le

: ;
in Brussels, 18G8, he was awarded the first portrait de famille, 1814 La perruque et la ;
prize for a mass, and in 1874 won signal redingote (with Kreutzer), 1815 La jeune ;
success with his first opera, which soon belle-mere, 181G ; Une nuit d'intrigue,
made the round of all the principal stages 181G ; 1817 Edmond et Caro-
L'hc'ritiOre, ;
of Germany. Works
Die Folkiuvjer, op- : line, 1819 La jeune tante, 1820 Le phi-
; ;
era, given in Dresden, 187-1Heiurich der ; losophe en voyage (with Pradher), 1821 Le ;
Lowe, do., Leipsic, 1877 Der Fliichtling, ; coq de village, 1822 Le paradis de Maho- ;
do., Ulm, 1881 SchOu Rotraut, do., Dres-

;
met (with Kreutzer), 1822 Jenny la bou- ;
den, Nov. G, 1887 Missa a caj^pella, op. ; quetiere (with Pradher), 1823 L'officier et le ;
15 Mass for 2 tenors and bass, with organ

; ;
paysan, 1824 Les enfauts de Maitre Pierre,
;
do. for mixed voices, op. 22 2 motets for ; 1825 La lettre posthume, 1827 Le man-
; ;
do., oj}. 17 4 hymns for do., op. 18 do.,

; ; age a I'anglaise, 1828. Duets, trios, quar-
op. 21 Die Pilgerfahrt uach dem gelob- tets, nocturnes, and other pieces for violin.
;
ten Lande, for male chorus, solo, and or- Fetis Larousse. — ;
chestra, op. 12 Festgesang, for male ; KREUSER (Kreusser), GEORG AN-

chorus, and wind instruments, op. 27 Mu- TON, born at Heidingsfeld, Bavaria, in ;
sikalische Dorfgeschichten, for small or- 1743, died at Mainz in 1802. Violinist, pu-
chestra, op. 26 Pianoforte music, and pil of his brother Adam Kreuser (1727-91,
;
songs. —
Mendel Fetis, Supjiloment, ii. 50 hornist and concertmeester in Amsterdam),
;
;
Mus. Woehenblatt, x. IGl xi. 459. then went to Italy to study tiU 1775 ka-
; ;
iveetzsch:mar, (august
pelmeester in Amsterdam in 177G, subse- Ferdi-
nand) HERMANN, born at Olbernhau, quently Conzertmeister to the Elector of
Saxony, Jan. 19, 1848, still living, 1889. Mainz. Works Der Tod Jesu, oratorio :
;
Organist and writer on music, first instruct- 30 (?) symphonies for orchestra ; 18 quartets
ed by his father ; then in Dresden j)upil of for strings ; 12 trios for do. ; 6 quartets for
Julias Otto, and at the Conservatorium, in flute and strings ; 3 sonatas for jiianoforte
Leipsic, of Paul, Riehter, Papperitz, and and violin ; 3 do. for pianoforte ; German
Reinecke, and remained there as teacher in songs. Fetis Schilling. — ;
1871. He became leader of the Bach, Eu- KREUTZER, (JEAN NICOLAS) AU-
terpe and other societies, went as Kapell- GUSTE, born at Versailles, Sept. 3, 1778,
meister to Metz, in 187G, and as ilirector of died in Pari.s, Aug. 31, 1832. Violinist,
music at the university, to Rostock, in 1877 brother and pupil of Rodolphe Kreutzer at ;
has been city music director there since the Paris Conservatoire, where he won the
1880. His compositions consist of choral first prize in 1801. He was violinist at the
works, organ music, and songs. —
Mendel, Theatre Favart in 1798, at the Opora in
Ergiinz., 19G Rieniann.; 1802, and pensioned in 1823 was assistant ;
IvREUBE, CHARLES FR:EDf:RIC, born professor at the Conservatoire for many

at Lunoville (Meurthe-et-lNIoselle), France, years, and succeeded his brother as profes-
Nov. 5, 1777, died near Saint-Denis in 184G. sor in 182G. He was also first violin in the
Violinist, studied in his native city, where he chapel of Napoleon, of Louis XVIII., and of
became chef d'orchestre at the theatre, then Charles X. He published 2 concertos, 2
in Paris (1800) under Rodolphe Ivreutzer duets, 3 sonatas, several airs varies, and so-
;
entered the orchestra of the Opera Comique los for violin. Fetis Mendel Larousse — ; ;
;
in 1801, became its assistant conductor in Schilling.

1805, conductor in 181G, and retired in KREUTZER (Kreuzer), KONRADIN,
1828. From 1814 to 1830 he was also a born at MOsskirch, Baden, Nov. 22, 1780,
KREUTZER
died at Eif?a, Dec. 14, 1S49. Dramatic com- delia, Donaueschingen, 1819 Libussa, Vi- ;
poser, pupil of Jobann Baptist Rieger, then enna, 1822 Siguna, ib., 1823
; ErfuUte ;
at the Abbey of Zwie- HofiFnung, ib., 1824 Die lustige "Werbung, ;
falten, where he pur- 1820 L'eau de jouvence, Paris, 1827 Baron

; ;
sued his literary stud- Luft, Prague, 1829 Denise, das Milcli- ;
ies in 1792-9G, jjupil mildchen von Montfermeil, ib., 1829 Die ;
of the priest Ernst Jungfrau, ib., 1831 Der Lasteutriiger an ;
Weinrauch in com- der Themse, ib., 1832 Melusine, BerUn, ;
position; began to 1833 Das Kacldlager in Granada, Vienna,

;
study medicine in 1834 Tom Rick oder der Pavian, ib., 1834
;
;
1799 at Freiburg; Der Brautigam in der Klemme, ib., 1835 ;
then spent about Traumleben, ib., 1835 ; Der Versehwender,

five at Con-
years ib., 183C Die HOhle von "Waverlcy, ib.,
;
stance, whence he went to Vienna in 1804, 1837 Fridoliu, oder der Gang nach dem
;
and for two years was a pupil of Albrechts- Eisenhammer, ib., 1837 Die beiden Figaro, ;
berger. Having remained in Vienna until ib., 1839; Der Edelknecht, Wiesbaden,
1811 he travelled for a year, appearing suc- 1842 Die Hochliinderin am Kaukasus,
;
cessfully as a pianist was Kapellmeister to

; Hamburg, Gratz, and Prague, 184G Au- ;
the King of Wiirtemberg in 1S12-1G, to the relia Die Sendung Mosis, oratorio, Stutt-
;
Prince von Fiirstenberg in 1817-21, at the

Kiirnthnerthor Theater, Vienna, in 1825,
1829-32, and 1837-10, at the Josephstiidter
Theater, ib., in 1833-40, at the Stadt-
theater, Cologne, in 1840-46, again in Vi-
enna in 1847-49. He had made concert gart, 1814, Zurich, 1815 11 ;
tours in 1817-18, earning especial applause masses Te Dexnu, and other

;
iu Berlin and Dresden, and with his daugh- church music Chamber and ;
ter CiiciUe, in1840 he conducted the 23d

; pianoforte music Songs, and about 150 ;
Nether-Rhenish Music Festival at Cologne choruses for male voices. Allgem. d. Biogr., —
iu 1843, was repeatedly in Paris, 1827, 1843- xvii. 145 Fetis Mendel Riemann Riehl,
; ; ; ;
44, to bring out his operas, and with Ganz ilus. CharakterkOpfe, i. 2G3 Schilling ;
conducted opera iu Ghent in 1844. For "Wurzbach.

his daughter's sake, who had obtained an KREUTZER, LltON {CH.\RLES FRAN-
engagement at Riga, he went thither in (^'OIS), born in Paris, Sept. 23, 1817, died
1848. Of his dramatic music only Das at Vichy, Oct. G, 18G8. Pianist and musical
Nachtlager von Granada and the music to critic,son of Auguste Kreutzer, pupil of
Der Verschweuder have held the stage to Fleche on the pianoforte and of Benoist in
this day, and his choruses for male voices composition. He was musical critic to La
are still popular. "Works Operas Die — : Quotidienne, L'Union, Revue et Gazette mu-
lilcherliche Werbung, given at Freiburg, sicale de Paris, Revue contcmporaine, and
1800 Jei'y und Biitely, Vienna, 1810 Kon-
; ; other periodicals. "V\'orks : Scradne, comic
radin von Schwaben, Stuttgart, 1812 Zwei ; opera ; and Les fiUes d'lxzur, fairy opera ;
"Worte, Oder die Nacht im Walde, ib., 1813 ;

Stabat ilater, for two choruses 2 sympho- ;
Der Taucher, ib., 1814 Adele von Budry, ; nies for orchestra Fantaisie burlesque for;
ib., 1814, KiJnigsberg, 1821 Alimon und ; do. ;Fantaisie militaire for do. Concerto ;
Zaide, Stuttgart, 1815 Die lusulanerin, ; symphonique for pianoforte and orchestra ;
ib., 1815 Feodora, ib., 181G Die Alpen-

; ;
String quartets Trios Sonatas Preludes,; ; ;
hiitte, ISIG ; Orestes, Prague, 1817 ; Cor- etc., for pianoforte and for violin.— Fit is
KREUTZER
do., Supplement, ii. 50 ; Pougin, Lcou K. tippe,
Antoine et Clt-opatre, 1809 1808 ; ;
(Paris, 18G8). 1810 Le triomj^he du La mort d'Abel, ;
KEEUTZEE, RODOLPHE, born at Ver- mois de mars, 1811 L'homme sans fayon, ;
s allies, Nov. 16, 1812; Le camp de Sobieski, 1813; Con-

17G6, died in Ge- stance et Theodore, 1813 Les Bearnais, ;
neva, June G, 1831. 1814; La fete de Mars, 1814 L'oriflamme, ;
Violinist and dra- 1814 L'heureux retour (with Persuis and ;
matic eomiioser, iû- Berton), 1815 La princesse de Babylone, ;
pil of Lis father and 1815 La perruque et la redingote (with ;
of Stain itz played, Ki-eube) Le maitre et le valet, 1816 Les

;
; ;
when thirteen years dieu.v rivaux (with Spoutini, Persuis, and

old, a violin con- Bei-ton), 1816 Le cai-naval de Venise (with
;
certo of his own Persuis), 1816 La servante justifiee, 1818

; ;
' •' composition at a Clari, 1820 ; Le n<'gociant de Hambourg,

Concert Spirituel iu Paris. Through the 1821 Blanche de Provence, ou la cour des ;
influence of Marie Antoinette he became first fees (with others), 1821 Le paradis de Ma- ;
violin in the king's chapel in 1782, and homet, 1822 Ipsiboe, 1823 Pharamond ; ;
eight years later was made solo violinist at (with Berton and Boieldieu), 1825 Matilde. ;
tlie Theatre Italian. In 1797 he made a con- 19 violin concertos Sonatas for violin and ,
cert tour through Italy, Germany, and the violoncello 15 string quartets 15 trios ; ;
Netherlands, and on his return was made and a symphonie concertante for two vio-
professor of violin in the Conservatoire. lins and violoncello Duos and two sym- ;
He became first solo violin at the OiJiJra in phonies concertantes for two violins 40 ;
1801, first violin iu the chapel of the First caprices and etudes for violin Airs with vari- ;
Consul in 1802, to the Emperor in 1806, ations, etc. Fetis do., Supplement, ii. 50 — ; ;
and maitre de la chapelle to Louis XVIII. Gerber Grove Mendel Riemann Schil- ; ; ; ;
iu 1815 was vice-conductor of the Acadt'- ling, iv. 231 Wasielewski, Die Violine, 2G9
; ;
;
mie in 1816, conductor in 1817-24 Legion Hart, The Violin, 295 Dubourg, The Vio- ;
of Honour in 1824 Beethoven dedicated lin, 201.

to him the Ki-eutzer Sonata. He ranks IvEEUTZER SONATE, name given to
with Viotti, Rode, and BaiUot, as a master the sonata for pianoforte and violin in A,
of the classical violin school of Paris. by Beethoven, op. 47, first performed by
—
Works Operas (all given in Paris) Jeanne Beethoven and George A. P. Bridgetower at :
d'Arc a Orleans, 1790 Paul et Virginia, the Augarten, Vienna, May 17, 1803. The
;
1791 LodoMn, 1791 Charlotte et Wer- variations were jjlayed from the MS. without
; ;
ther, 1792 Le franc Breton, 1792 Le de- rehearsal. The finale was originally written
; ;
serteur de la montagne de Hamra, 1793 for the sonata in A, op. 30. This sonata, ;
La journee de Marathon, 1793 Le siege the most elaborate and difficult of Beetho- ;
de Lille, 1793 Le congros des rois, with ven's violin sonatas, is dedicated to Eodolphe
;
others, 1793 On respire, 1794 La jour- Kreutzer, who never played it. Published
; ;
nee du 10 aout, 1792, ou la chute du derby Traeg (Vienna, 1805), and Simrock
nier tyran, 1795 Le brigand, 1795 Le (Bonn, 1805) by Breitkopf & Hiirtel, Beet-
; ; ;
lendemain de la bataille de Fleunis, 1795 hoven "Werke, Serie 12, No. 9. An-ange- ;
Le petit page, 1795 Imogene, ou la ga- ments for grand orchestra, 2 violins, viola,
;
geure indiscrete, 179G Plaminius a Co- and violoncello by Hartmann for piano-
;
;
rinthe, 1800 Ash/ana.r, 1801 Les sm-prises, forte solo, and for 4 hands, by Czerny
; ; and ;
ou lYtourdi en voj-age, 1806 Jadis et au- for pianoforte and violoncello by Griitz-
;
jourd'hui, 1808 Franyois I", 1808 Ai-is- macher. Grove, ii. 73 Lenz, Beethoven,
; ; — ;
KREUZFAIIRER
i., Part n. 257 Thayer, Verzeicbniss, 111
; Ritom. von 2 Violen (Leipsic, 165C). Some
;
Marx, Beethoven, i. 292 Berlioz, Voyage of his chorals continue in use. Allgem. d.
; —
Musical, i. 261. Biogr., xvii. 164 Gerber, 769 Mendel ; ;
KREUZFAHRER, DIE (The Crusaders), N. Zeitschr. f. Mus. (1849), 205, 213 Fiirst- ;
cantata in three parts, text by Carl Ander- enau, Zur Gesch. der Mus. am Hofe zu
sen, music by Niels Wilhelm Gade, op. Dresden, i. 153.
50, first given iu Copenhagen, in 18GG, KRIEGER, JOHANN, born at Nurem-
and, under the composer's own direction, berg, Jan. 1, 1652, died at Zittau, July
at the Birmingham (England) Festival, Aug. 18, 1736. Organist and church composer,
31, 1876, with an English translation by brother and pupil of Philipp Krieger, whom
Rev. J. Troutbeck. I. In the Desert 11. he succeeded at Baireuth in 1G72
; about ;
Armida HI. Towards Jerusalem. Char- 1677 he went to live at Nuremberg, and in
;
acters represented Peter the Hermit, Ri- 1678, became Kapellmeister at Greiz, iu
:
naldo, Armida, Choruses of Crusaders, Si- 1681 at Eisenberg, and in the same year
rens, and Pilgrims. It is one of the best of music and organist at Zittau.
director
Gade's works and one of the most beautiful Works Masses Motets Chorals Musika-
: ; ; ;
of modern cantatas. Published by Novello, lische Ergetzlichkeiten, arias for 5-9 voices
Ewer & Co. (London), and by Breitkopf (1684) Musikalische Partien, dance music
;
& Hiirtel (Leipsic, 1867). Athenseum — for pianoforte (1697) ; Aumuthige Clavier-
(187G), ii. 314 Upton, Standard Cantatas.
; (ibungen, preludes, fugues, etc. (1699).
149. See also The Crusaders. —
Allgem. d. Biogr., xvii. 459 Futis Ger- ; ;
KREUZFAHRER, DIE, romantic opera ber Schilling. ;
in three acts, text and music by Spohr, IvRIEGER, (JOHANN) PHHHP, born
from Kotzebue's drama, first represented at at Nuremberg, Feb. 2G, 1649, died at Weis-
Cassel, Jan. 1, 6, 1725. Organist and dra-
1845, afterwards in Berlin, senfels, Feb.
Spohr conducting. Published by J. Schu- matic composer, pupil of J. Drechsel on the
berth (Leipsic, 1845).— Spohr, Autobiogra- hai-psichord, and of Gabriel Schiitz on sev-
phy, ii. 261 Neue Zeitschrift fiir Musik eral other instruments, then about 166C at
;
(24), 73. Copenhagen pupil and for five years assist-

KRIEGER, AjyXSl, born Drieseu ant of the court organist J. Schivter, and
Neumark, Jan. 7, pupil in composition of Georg Forster.
1634, died in Dres- He appeared as harpsichord player in Nu-
den, June 30, KiGG. remberg with success became court organ-
;
Organist, pupil of ist in Baireuth, went to Itdy in 1G72, and
Samuel Scheldt at studied under Rosenmiiller and Rovetta in

Halle, and of Schiitz Venice, and Abbatini and Bernardo Pasquiui
in Dresden, where iu Rome. On his return to Baireuth he
he became court or- resumed his former occupation, and was
ganist in or after loaded with favours by the Emperor Leopold
16 57. His only I., while visiting Vienna. He lived after-
known work, published after his death, bears wards iu Cassel as Kapellmeister and in
the following title Herrn Adam Krieger's, Halle as court organist, and finally became
:
Churf. Durchl. zu Sachsen, wohlbestalt Hof-Kapellmeister to the Duke of Saxe-

etc.,
gewesenen Cammer uud His operas were given at dif-

Hofmusici, Neue Weisseufels.
Arien in 5 Zeheu eingetheilet, von Finer, ferent courts. Der AVettstreit der Treue,
Zwo, Drey und Fiinf Vocal-Stimmen, etc. and Hercules (2 parts), were produced in
(Dresden, 1667). Gerber says he published Hamburg, in 1694. Other works 24 sona- :
Arie fiir 2 Discantstimmen, nebst eincm tas for 2 violins and bass (1687) JIusika- ;
KRIEGK
lisclier Seeleufricde, 20 sacred with teach music, and to write for musical periodi-
arias,
violin and bass (IG'J?) ; Lustige Feldmusik, cals, lu 1852 he founded a singing society,
for 4 wind instru- and in 1854-57 con-
ments; etc. —Allgem. ^ Q-5<'7V^ ducted the Neue
--7/ Berliner Leiderta-
^ryO j/Y
'
l/^r#^^î,jr-: fe,^ j^^ ,,i,ieb he

wrote many chorus- ^-^
es for men's voices.
d. Biogr., xvii. In 1857 ho was appointed royal music di-
458 Ft'tis Ger- rector, and later member of the Royal Musi-
; ;
1) e r Mendel; cal Experts' Society. He composed music

;
Schilling Mattheson, Ehrenpforte.

; for plays, motets, josalms, songs for one or
KRIEGK, J. J., born at Bebra, near more voices, pianoforte music. Allgem. d. —
Merseburg, June 25, 1750, died at Mein- Biogr., xvii. 171 Fetis, Supplement, ii. 51 ; ;
ingen in 1813. and virtuoso on MendeL

Violinist
the violoncello was a singer and violinist
; KRILLE, GOTTLOB AUGUST, born at
at the court of Meiningen when twelve Wehlen, Saxony, in 1778, died in Dresden,
years old at the age of nineteen entered Oct. 14, 1813.
; Church composer, cantor,
the service of the Landgrave of Hesse- and director of the Kreuzkirche, Dresden.
Philippsthal, with whom he went twice to He composed many cantatas, motets, and
Holland, and in 1773 became first violinist other vocal music, which were much es-
at the opera, Amsterdam. In 1774 he went teemed for their flowing style. Mendel. —
to Paris with the Marquis de Taillefer, be- KROGULSKI, J('»ZEF," born at Tar-
came a pupil of Duport the younger on the now, Galicia, in 1817, died at Warsaw, Jan.
violoncello, apjjeared at concerts, and was 9, 1842. Church composer", pupil of his
violoncellist to the Prince de Laval-Mont- father and of Joseph Eisner aj)peared in ;
morency for four years. On his return to public in Warsaw, in 1825, with great suc-
Meiningen he was made chamber musician, cess. He became choir director of the
and in 1798 Conzertmeister. He comijosed Piarist church, and in 1839 vocal instructor
concertos and sonatas for violoncello. —
Men- at the convent of the Sisters of Charity.
del Gerber
; Schilling. ; Works 10 Polish masses, for 2-4 voices, :
KRIFFT, WILLIAil DE, born in Eng- some with organ and instrumental ac-
land in 1765, died (?). Amateur pianist, pu- companiment Requiem Psalm cxxxii. ; ; ;
pil of Clementi. He
appeared in public Passion oratorio for Good Friday 2 can- ;
with success in 1791 at Coblentz, where he tatas 3 hymns Sonatas, quartets, varia- ; ;
produced a sj'mphony of his own comjjositions for pianoforte, etc. Zbior spiewow ;
tion. He lived in Loudon from 1793. He ko^cielnych, a collection of church music.

published symphonies, sonatas with and —Fetis Mendel Sowinski, 345. ; ;
without accompaniment, and a Stabat Mater KROLL, FRANZ, born at Bromberg,

with orchestral accompaniment. Mendel —
June 22, 1820, died in Berlin, May 28,
;
Gerber ; Fetis. 1877. Pianist, pupil of Liszt in Weimar

KRIGAR, (JULIUS) HERMANN, born and Paris; settled in Berlin in 1849, to
in Berlin, April 3, 1819, died there, Sept. teach music, and was instructor at Stern's
5, 1880. Pianist,
first studied jjaiuting, Conservatorium in 1863-64. He is less
but in 1843 adopted music as a profession. known as a composer than through his
He went to Leipsic, became a pujiil of Men- critical editions of Bach's Wohltemper-
delssohn, Schumann, Haujitmann, Fink, irtes Clavier, Bach's chromatic fantasia, Mo-
and Knorr returned to Berlin in 1845, to zart's fantasias for pianoforte, and other
;
KROLLMANN
works. — Mendel; Eiemaim ; Fctis, Supple- memory, after once hearing it. He was
luoiit, ii. 52. subsequently a pupil of All>rcchtsljerger.
KK0LL:\L\:NN, ANTON, born at Seu- Compelled by his family to study law and
liugen, near GOttingen, June
1798, died enter the State service, he gave up all his
3,
(?). Flutist, 2)upil of liis father, wlio was a spare time and his nights to musical com-
town musician then pupil of HiJnecke at position, but this arduous life broke his
;
Celle. He
appeared with great success at health and he died young. He published
concerts in Hanover, Brimswick, Oldenburg, string quartets, sonatas for pianoforte with
and the llhenisli provinces was appointed and without accomi)animent, 24 fugues and
;
l)aii<lmaster of the Body Guards in Han- preludes for pianoforte, variations, and
over in 1829, and was a well-known teacher. more than 100 songs, some for 4 voices
He published music for iDianoforte, flute, with chorus, etc. —
Mendel Schilling Wurz- ; ;
and other instruments. — Mendel ; Suhil- bach ; Fetis.

Ih.g; Futis. laiUG, ARNOLD, born in Hamburg,
KK0:MMEK, FR.VNZ, born at Kameuitz, Oct. IG, 1849, still living, 1889. Pianist,
Moravia, May 17, son and pupil of Dietrich Krug, and pupil
17C0, died in Vi- of Gurlitt also, in 1868, at the Leipsic Cou-
;
enna, Jan. 8, 1831. servatorium, in 18G9 of Reiuecke, and in

Violinist, pupil of 1871, in Berlin, of Kiel and of Ed. Frank.
his uncle, who was Mozart prize, Frankfort, 1869 ; IVIeyerbeor
choirmaster at prize, Berlin, 1877. and He was in Ital^-
Turas, Hungary; France in 1877-78, then settled in Ham-
was organist there burg, whex'e he founded a singing society,
in 1776-84. Hebe- and in 1885 became professor at the Con-
came violinist to servatorium and conductor of the Singaka-
Count Ayrum at demie at Altona. Works Der Tod Rizzio's,
:
Simontornya, Hungary, and later director opera ; Overture, for orchestra Symphony ;
to the same
was choir director at Fiinf- for
; do., op. 9 ; Italieuische Reiseskizzcu,
kirchen. Kapellmeister of the Karoly Regi- for violin and string orchestra, op. 12 ;
ment, then to Prince Grassalkovics, with Liebesnovelle, idyl for string orchestra
whom he went to Vienna, and in 1814 be- and harp, op. 14 Trio for pianoforte, vio- ;
came court Kapellmeister. Works Mass lin, and violoncello, op. 1 La rcgiue Avril- : ;
for i voices, with orchestra 5 symphonies louse, for female chorus, with orchestra, op.
;
for full orchestra, op. 12, 40, G2, 102, 105 10 Nomadenzug, for male chorus with or- ; ;
5 concertos for violin 2 do. for clarinet chestra, op. 11

;
Der Abend, for mixed ;
18 quintets for strings G9 chorus with orchestra, op. 15 Ich hai-re

; 7 do. for flutes ;
;
quartets for strings G do. for flutes 2 do. des Herrn, for chorus a cappella, op. 6
; 5 ; ;
for clarinets Trio for strings

; Symphonies songs for mixed chorus, op. 7 Quartet for
; ;
coucertantes for various instruments.All- pianoforte and strings, op. 16 ; Several —

gem, d. Biogr., xvii.Dlabacz Fctis pieces for pianoforte, and many songs. Fe-
188 ; ;
;
—
Gerber Mendel Riehl, Mus. Charakter- tis, Supplement, ii. 52
; ;
Riemauu Mus. ; ;
kOpfe, iii. 129 Wurzbach. ;

Wochenblatt, vi. 291, 494 vii. 628 ix. ; ;
KKUFFT, NICOLAUS, Freiherr VON, 492, 502 ; xi. 359.

born in Vienna, Feb. 1, 1779, died there, KRUG, DIETRICH, born in Hamburg
April 16, 1818. Pianist, precocious mu- in 1821, died there, April 7, 1880, Pianist,
sical genius, first instructed by his mother, pupil of Jacob Schmitt. He published
an accomplished pianist while still very about 350 compositions for the pianoforte
;
;
young he could play Haydn's music from his principal work is a method in four parts,
KRTJG
with very melodious studies. died in Paris, Feb. 19, 1790.

practical Harpist,
— Mendel Supplement, ii. 52.
; Ft'tis, pupil of his father, who was bandmaster in
KRUG, FRIEDRICH, bora in Cassel, a French regiment in Paris appeared in ;
July 5, 1812, still living, 1889. Baritone concerts in Vienna in 1772 was a member ;
singer, and dramatic composer appeared of Prince Eszterhazy's orchestra at Eszter-

;
with success on the German stage, and h:iz in 1773-7G, at the same time studying
while in Carlsruhe was appointed, in 1849, composition under Haydn. After a concert
court music director became chorus-mas- toiu' through Germany, he settled in Paris
;
ter at the court theatre, and conductor of as teacher and virtuoso. He di'owned him-
the Liederhalle Singing Society. "Works self in the Seine from giief at the infidel-
— Operas Die Marquise, given at Cassel,
: ity of his wife, who had become by his in-
1843 Meister Martin der Kiifer und seine
;
struction a finer player even than himself.
Gesellen, Carlsruhe, 1845 Der Nacht- ; Works : 6 concertos, 52 sonatas, duets, pre-
wachter, Mannheim, 1846 Songs and cho- ; ludes, and variations for the harp Quai-tet ;
ruses for male voices. —

Fotis Mendel. ;
for harp and stringed instruments Sym- ;
KRUG, GUST.W, born in Berlin in 1810, phony for harp, violins, flute, horns, violon-
still living, 1889. Pianist, pupil of Lud- cello, and other instruments. Fetis; Gerber; —
wig Berger. He studied law, and in 1845 Mendel Riemann Schilling Wurzbach.
; ; ;
was appointed Ober-Landsgerichtsrath of KUCHARZ (Kuchori), JOHAXN B.AP-

Naumburg. He composed quartets and TIST, born at Chotecz, Bohemia, March 5,
trios for pianoforte and strings, quartets for 1751, died in Prague, Feb. 18, 1829. Or-
strings, duo for jsianoforte and violin (prize ganist, pupil at the Jesuit College at KOnig-
of the Norddeutscher Musikverein, 1843) griltz, and the Jesuit Seminary at Gitschiu,
Sonatas, etc. —
Mendel Futis do.. Supple- where he was organist then of the organist
; ; ;
ment, ii. 52. Seeger in Prague. He was successively or-

KRUGER, WHjHELM, born at Stutt- ganist of St. Heinrichskirche and of the
gnrt in 1820, died there, June 20, 1883. monastery of Strahow, and conductor at the
Pianist, pupil of Lindpaintner, then studied opera, Prague, in 1791-1800. He was a
for two years in Paris under the patronage finished artist on the jîanoforte, the man-
of the King of Wiirtemberg, and remained dolin, and harmonica. Works 3 cantatas :
two years longer, teaching the pianoforte (1807-8) 2 concertos, and other music for ;
and playing at concerts. On his return he organ Sonatas for pianoforte Several com- ; ;
became court pianist and travelled through positions for mandolin, and harmonica.
German}' in 1840, lived in Berlin a year, Allgem. d. Biogr., xvii. 284 — Dlabacz ;
and was a pupil of Dehn in counterpoint. Wnrzbach Fetis. ;
After a long stay in Stuttgart he returned KUCHLER, JOHANN, German com-

to Paris, where he held an imjJortant posi- poser of the 18th century. Bassoon vir-
tion as teacher in 1845, visiting Germany tuoso, member of the Elector of Cologne's
yearly in 1851-1871 finally returned to orchestra at Bonn in 1780, and ten years
;
Stuttgai-t at the outbreak of the Franco- later of the ducal orchestra at Mainz. He
Prussian war, and was appointed professor played in Paris at the Concerts Spirituels
of pianoforte in the royal Conservatorium. with great success. He published many
He composed many pianoforte pieces in symphonies, quartets, concertos, and duets.
salon style, some of which have become The opera Azakia is credited to him in the
widely known. —
Mendel; Fetis Weitz- Calendrier des theatres de Gotha (1782).
;
mann, Geschichte des Clavierspiels, 138. Mendel Fetis. — ;
KRUMPHOLZ, JOHANN BAPTIST, KUCIvEN, FRIEDRICH WILH ELM,

born at Zlonitz, near Prague, about 1745, born at Bleckede, Hanover, Nov. 10,
KUDELSKl
1810, ilied at Schwerin, April 3, 1882. Vocal Hermann Kuffcrath ; pupil of Hartmann in
coiuj'oser, pupil of Lulu'ss, Ai'on, aud Cologne, of Sclnieider in Dessau (1833-3(j),
Rettberg in Schwerin,
where be played in
^^"^ aud of Mendelssohn and David in Leipsic.
He was director of the ^lunnergesangvereiu
tbe duke's orchestra ;
at Cologne in 1841-44, settled in Bru&sels
studied under Bini- in 1844, and became professor at the Con-
bacb in Berlin in 1832, servatoire in 1872. Works : Symphonies ;
under Sechter in Vi- Concertos and other music for pianoforte ;
enna in 1811, and un- —

Songs. Mendel Fi'tis Riemann. ; ;
der Halevy and Bor- KUFFERATH, JOH.\NN HER:M.\NN,

dogni in Paris in 1843. bom at Mulheim-on-the-Rulir, Prussia, May
He was Kapellmeister 12, 1797, died at Wiesbaden, July 28, 18G4.
in Stuttgart in 1851 VioHnist, pupil of his father and of Alex-
-61, the fii'st five Hauptmann and Spohr
years jointly with Lind- ander, and later of
paintner ; resigned in 18G1, and retired to at CasseL
music director in Biele- He was
Schwerin. He was judge of a competition feld in 1823, and in 1830 city music director
in Strasburg in 18G3, with Abt aud Berlioz, of Utrecht, where he was also vocal instruc-
and met with a most enthusiastic receistion. tor at the music school, and conducted sev-
His songs were immensely popular with the eral societies retired to Wiesbaden in ;
masses, but found little favour with musi- 1SG2. Works Jubelcantate for the 200th :
cians. Works Die Flucht nach der Sehweiz, anniversarv' of the Academy of Utrecht, and
:
opera, given in Berlin, 1839 Der Priiten- other cantatas for special occasions Over-
; ;
dent, Stuttgart, ISIT Souatas for pianoforte tures, motets, etc.

; In 183G he received a
and violin, and for pianoforte and violon- prize from the JIusic Society of the Nether-
cello Quartets for male voices Many songs lands for his Manuel de chant, for the use
;
;
—
and duets. .\llgem. d. Biogr., xvii. 290 of schools. Fetia Gregoir, Biog., 113;
— ; ;
Mendel ; Neumann, Biogr. (Balde, Cassel) Riemann ; Viotta.

Schilling, Supplement, 2iG ; Iliemann. KUTFERATH, LOUIS, bom at Mfihl-
KUDELSKl, KAKL M.VTTHIAS, born heim, Prussia, Nov. 10, 1811, died near Brus-
in Berlin, Nov. 7, 1803, died at Baden-Ba- sels, March 2, 1882. Pianist, brother and pu-
den, Oct. 3, 1877. Violinist, pujiil of Edu- pil of Johann Hermann Kuflerath, and pupil
ard Ritz and of Lafont, and in comjôsitiou of Friedrich Schneider at Dessau. He was
of Urban for several years first violiu in director of the music school at Leeuwarden
;
the orchestra of the Kouigstiidtisches The- in 1886 conducted the Eaphonia-Crcscen- ;
ater, he joined the quartet in Doi-pat, 1830, do and Tot nut van t'algemeen, and found-
and in 1839 became Kapellmeister to a Rus- ed the Groote Zang vereeniging went to ;
sian nobleman, and in 1841 Conzertmeis- Ghent in 1850, and was appointed director
ter and director of the Imperial Theatre in of the Societe Royale des Chrcurs. Works
Moscow. He was pensioned in 1851, and Artevelde, cantata Mass, for 4 voices, with ;
lived subsecpiently in Hamburg. He pub- organ and orchestra 250 canons; Choruses ;
lished concertos for violiu and violoncello ;

for men's voices Compositions for juano-;
duets for violins and for violin aud -N-iolon- forte Organ preludes Chamber music
;
; ;
cello sonatas for violiu and iîanoforte,

; Songs, etc. —
Gregoir, Biog., 113 Fetis, ;
etc., and a treatise on harmony (Hamburg, Supplement, ii. 53 Mendel, Ergiinz., 200 ;
18fi5).— Mendel Sowinski, 350. ; Riemann ; Viotta.

KUFFERATH, HLT3ERT FERDINAND, KUFFNER, JOHANN JACOB PAUL,
born at Miiblheim, June 10, 1808. still living, born at Nuremberg in 1713,died at Ratis-
1889. Pianist, brother and pupil of Johaun bon, June 12, 1786. Organist aud pianist
KUFFNEIl
at first organist of the "Walpnrgiskirclie in music to Lindane was performed with suc-
Lis native city, be entered, in 1750, the ser- cess. His Skizzenbuch (Berlin, 1830) is a
vice of the Prince of Tlmru iind Taxis at collection of poems, musical compositions,
Ratisbon. He published sonatas and other and sketches. Allgem. d. Biogr., xvii. 307 ; —
music for pianoforte. His concertos for pi- Mendel.
anoforte, which were especially esteemed, KUHE, WILHELM, born in Prague,
—
remain in MS. Fotis Gerber Schilling, ;
Dec. 10, 1823, still
;
iv. 25. living, 1889, iu Lon-
KUFFNER, JOSEPH, born at Wiirzburg, don. Pianist, pupil
March 31, 1776, died there Sept. 8, 1856. of Tomaschek. He

Instrumental composer, son and pujjil of exhibited a preco-
Wilhelm Joseph Kuffner studied the violin ; cious taste for mu-
under Ludwig Schmitt, and composition sic, and at the age
under Frohlich. He was attached to the of four picked out
court orchestra of Wiirzburg iu 1797, and Paganini's melodies
became court musician in 1801. When on the pianoforte
Wiirzburg became part of Bavaria, iu 1802, from memory. He
he lost his place, and accepted the office of lived iu Upper Aus-
a military music director. Then "Wiirzburg tria, in 1843-44,
being erected into a duchy, he was cham- studying music ; made his first public ap-
ber musician until 1814, when Bavaria pearance at Linz, and then at Salzburg,
again took possession and he was pen- Innsbruck, Augsburg, Munich, and Stutt-
sioned, and thenceforth devoted himself to gart, with great success. In 1845 he ac-
composition. Works Sporn and Schilrpe, companied Pischek to England, where he
:
opera, given at Wiirzburg ; Der Cornet, do., has since resided, latterly as a teacher and
ib. ; 7 symphonies ; 10 overtures Military conductor at Brighton.

; Among his numer-
music ;
Quartets for strings ; Flute duets ous salon pieces, Le feu follet, and a few
and trios ; Fantasia for others, became favourites of the amateur pi-
Clarinet duets ;
violin and orchestra Music for guitar, and anist. He has published also many tran-
;
for wind instruments Sonatas and duets scriptions, songs, etc. Mendel, Slovnik
; —
for iîaiioforte and violin etc. ; —
Fetis Men- naucny (Prague, 1859), iv. 1044 Wurzbach. ; ;
del Schilling
; do.. Supplement, 248.
; KUHLAU, FRIEDRICH, born at Uelzen,
KUFFNER, WILHEL:M JOSEPH, born Hanover, Sept. 11,
at Kalraiinz, near Ratisbon, in 1738, died 1786, died iu Co-
in England in 1798. Pianist, son and pupil penhagen, March
of Johaun Jacob Paul Kiiffner. He was 12, 1832. Dra-
chamber musician to Prince von Palm, in matic composer,
Vienna, 1758 then Kapellmeister to the pupil of Schwenke
;
Prince Bishop of Wiirzburg, but resigned iu Hamburg; went

to visit Paris, iu 1786. Iu 1793 he went to to Copenhagen in
London, and became celebrated as a jjianist. 1810 to escajie
His string quartets and sonatas for piano- the French con-
forte were published in Paris and London. scription, and be-
— Fetis Gerber Mendel Schilling.
; ; came violinist in ;
"
, ' '
KUGLER, FRANZ (THEODOR), born the royal orchestra and won reputation as a
at Stettin, Jan. 19, 1808, died in Berlin, pianist. His success in raising the standard
March 18, 1858. The famous art historian of national Danish opera led to his appoint- ;
studied music under Karl Loewe. His meut in 1829 as court composer, with the I
K&HMSTEDT
titleof professor lie retired to Lyngby,
; Instrumental and vocal composer, pupil of
where grief over the loss of niauy valu- Urban. He travelled as pianist through
able manuscripts iu a fire, 1830, under- Germany in 1825, taught music in Breshiu
mined liis health, causing a premature three years, and, after living a while at Neisse,
death. "Works —
Operas Riiverborgen, given : founded at Liegnitz a public singing school.
iu 1814 Trylleharpeu, 181G Elisa, 1819
; ; ; Works 3 operas Te Deum, with orches-
: ;
Lulu, 1824 Hugo og Adelheid, 1827 Mu-

; ; tra,and other church music 2 symphonies, ;
sic to Heiberg's drama 1828 Elverhoi, several overtures, and fantasias for orches-
Choruses for male voices 12 comic canons ; tra ; Concertos, caprices, etc., for oboe, and
for 3 men's voices 3 quintets for flute and
; for bassoon ;
Quartets, sonatas, rondos, for
strings, op. 51 Quartet for flutes, op. 103
;
pianoforte ; Songs, etc. — Fetis Mendel.
;
Trios for flutes, op. 13, 86 Trio for 2 flutes ; KUHNAU, JOHAXN, born at Geysing,
and pianoforte, ojd. 119 3 duos for flute ; Saxony, in April, 1667, died in Leii)sic,
and pianoforte, op. 110 Sonatas for do., op. ; Organist and harpsichord June 2.5, 1722.
G4, 69, 71, 83, 85 Divertissements, varia- ; player, one of the greatest musicians and
tions, etc., for do. ; Duos for flutes, op. 10, most learned men of his time pupil at the ;
39, 80, 81, 87, 102 ;

Quartets for pianoforte Kreuzschule, Dresden, of Alexander Hering
and strings, op. 32, 50, 108 Sonatas for and of Vincenzo Albrici, under whom he
;
do., op. 6, 33, 74, Concerto for piano- also studied Italian. He then studied im-
88 ;
forte, op. 7 ; Sonatas for do., op. 52, 66, der Musikdirektor Edelmaun at the Gym-
127, etc.— Allgem. d. Biogr., xvii. 320; nasium of Zittau, where the composition of
Overskou, Den danske Skueplads, iv.-v. (Co- a motet for the election of the town coun-
penhagen, 1862-64) Thrane, Fr. Kuhlau cil procured him the position of cantor. In
;
(Leipsic, 1886). 1682 he went to Leipsic to study at the

KUHilSTEDT, FRIEDRICH, born at univei'sitj-, and in 1684 succeeded Kiihnel
Oldisleben, Saxe-Weimar, Dec. 20, 1809, as organist at the Thomaskirche. At this
died at Eisenach, Jan. 10, 1858. Although time he took up the study of law, of mathe-
destined for the church by his parents, he matics, of philology, and other studies, and
left the University of Weimar and went to afterwards practised law. In 1700 he was
Daiinstadt, where for three years he was a elected Musikdirektor of the university and
pupil of Riuek. He taught music in Wei- of two of the principal churches, and Cantor
mar, and in 1836 became instructor in the of the Thomasschule in 1701, when he gave
seminary at Eisenach, and afterwards di- up his law practice, and devoted himself
rector of music and professor. Works Die entirely to music. He was distinguished :
Verkliiruug des Herrn, oratorio Die Pfade as a translator from the Greek, Hebrew, ;
zur Gottheit, do. Die Schlangenkiuiigin, Latin, Italian, and French, and as a satiri-
;
opera Mass with orchestra

; Motets, and cal writer. As a composer for the piano-
;
other church music 2 ballads with chorus forte he ranks very high, and was the fli-st
;
and orchestra 3 symphonies Overtures to give the sonata its name and form iu
; ; ;
Fugues and preludes for the organ Concer- several movements his fugues continued ; ;
tos, rondos, etc., for pianoforte Gradusad as models even after Bach had given this ;
Parnassum Theoretisch-practische Har- form its highest perfection. Bach was bis
;
monic- und Ausweichungslekre (1838) ;

successor at the Thomasschule. Works :
Kunst des Vorspiels fiir Orgel. Allgem. d. Neue Clavier-Uebung, 2 collections of 7 —

Biogr., xvii. 332 Mendel Fctis Schilling suites each (Leipsic, 1689, 1695)
;
Frische ;
;
; ;
Supplement, 253. Clavierfriichte oder siebeu Suonateu von

KUHN, JOSEPH K.ARL, born at Elbing, guter Invention (1696) ; Musikalische Vor-
Prussia, April 20, 1803, still living, 1889 (?). sttllung einiger biblischer Historien iu
KUimAIJ
secbs Souateu (1700). His writiugs com- 1695-1700. His compositions, which were
prise Jura circa musicos ecclesiasticos left to the Museum of Cassel, consist of so-
:
(Leipsie, 1688) Der musikaliscbe Quack- natas or divertissements for one or two viole
;
salber, a satirical romance directed against da gamba with basso contiuuo (Cassel, 1698).
Italian music then in favour at tlie court of Gerber Schilling Fetis. — ; ;
Saxony (Dresden, 1700). Other works in KUHNER, JOHxlNN WILHELM, born

MS. Tractatus de monochordo Introductio
: ;
in Stuttgart, Nov. 17, 1812, still living, 1889.
ad compositionem musicaleni Disputatio ;
Flutist, pupil of his iiucle Beck, who was
—
de Triade harmonica. Allgem. d. Biogr., At the age
Kapellmeister of a regiment.
xvii. 313 Fetis Gerber Maltbesou, Eh-
; ; ; was flutist in the brigade
of fourteen he
renpforte, 153 Spitta, Bach, i. 232
;
ii. 26, music corps during a furlough was a pu-
; ;
162. pil of Lind2)aintner, and of Seyfried in Vi-

KtJHNAU, JOHANN CHRISTOPH, born enna, and soon after his retiu-n to his regi-
at Volkstildt, near Eisleben, Feb. 10, 1735, ment was ajipointed leader of the first
died in Berlin, Oct. 13, 1805. Vocal com- infantry brigade band, Stuttgart. Few of
poser, studied music at Magdeburg, became his comj)ositions, which consist of arrange-
professor in the normal school, Berlin, where ments for military baud, symphonies,
he founded a singing school, which was dances, etc., and the ballet, Majah, were
considered one of the best in Germany. published. Mendel. —
When thirty years old he studied the harp- KUI. See Cni.
sichord and composition under Kirnberger. KULENKAiVIP, GEORG KARL, born at
He was appointed Musikdirektor and Can- Witzenhausen, Hesse-Cassel, May 19, 1799,
tor of Trinity Church in 1788. He com- died (?). Pianist, mostly self-taught, but
jjosed cantatas, chorals, ^^reludes for organ, studied composition under Grossheim in
and 23ublished a collection of chorals for Cassel. He taught music in Gottiugen
four voices, entitled Vierstimmige alte und while attending the lectures at the univer-
:
neue Choralgesilnge, mit Provincial-Abwei- sity for five years, and became so well
chungen (Berlin, 1786-90). This, which known as a teacher that be remained there
was considered his best work, went through in that cajiacity. Ho comjiosed overtures,
—
many editions. Allgem. d. Biogr., xvii. 346 quintets, etc., pianoforte music, hyums, and
;
Fetis Gerber Mendel Schilling.

; ; ; songs. —
Mendel Schilling Fetis. ; ;
KtJHNE, JEREMIAS NICOLAUS, born KULLAK, ADOLPH, born at Meseritz,

at Erfurt, May 1, 1807, still living, 1889 (?). Posen, Feb. 23, 1823, died in Berlin, Dec.
Organist, first instructed by his father on 25, 1862. Pianist and didactic writer,
the flute and violin, then pupil of Gebhardi brother of Theodor Kullak, pupil of Agthe
on the pianoforte, and, at the teachers' sem- and Mars while studying in the University
inary, of M. G. Fischer became organist of Berlin after taking the degree of Doc-
; ;
of St. Andrew's Church, and in 1827 in- tor of Philosophy he devoted himself to
structor at the Predigerschule went as scientific and jesthetic studies. He after-
;
Cantor and organist to Gebesen in 1828, wards taught music at his brother's acad-
and was finally Musikdirektor at Corbach, emy. He composed pianoforte music,
Waldeck. He published church music, or- mostly salon pieces, and songs. He pub-
gan, pianoforte, and violin pieces, dances, lished Das Musikalisch-Schoue (1858), and
songs, and choruses. —
Mendel Fetis. Aesthetik des Klavierspiels (1861, 1876).
;
KtJHNEL, AUGUST, bom in Delmen- —Mendel ; Fetis.

borst,Aug. 3, 1645, died about 1700. Vir- KULLAK, FRANZ, born in Berlin in
tuoso on the viol da gamba, pupil of Stef- 1842, still living, 1889. Pianist, son and
faui. He was Kapellmeister in Cassel in pupil of Theodor Kullak, and pupil of
KULLAK
Wieprecbt in 1858-59 in instrumentation ;
tours in Germany and Italy, and having
for a short time also jnipil of Liszt at Wei- celebrated, in 18G4, the fiftieth anniversary
m:ir. In 18G7 be became professor of pi- of his ajjpointment in
anoforte and tlirector of the orchestra class the Dresden orches-
in tbe Academy, established by his father. tra, he retired on a
He composed songs, pianoforte music, and pension. Among his
an opera, Ines do Castro. — Mendel ; were Coss-
Fotis, pupils
Supplement, ii. 53. mann in Wiesbaden,
KULLAK, THEODOR, born at Kroto- Hausmann in Lon-
schin, Posen, Sept. don, and Goltermann
12, 1818, died in in Stuttg.art. Works:
Berlin, March 1, Concertos for vio- •'
.
~
1882. Pianist, pupil loncello, op. 18 ; Concertino for

do., with
of Albert Agthe, orchestra or quartet, op. IC; Divertisse-
Dehu, and in Vienna ments, fantasias, and variations for violon-
(1812) of Sechter, cello Concert pieces for oboe, clarinet,
;
Nicolai, and Czerny. horn, trumpet, etc. About 200 entr'actes ;
After a successful for the Dresden Theatre. Allgem. d. —

concert tour through Biogr., xvii. 3G9 ; Fetis ; Mendel.
Austria he became KUM.MER, GOTTHELF HEIXRICH,
musical instructor, in born at Neusfadt, near Dresden, Jan. 23,
Berlin, to the princes and princesses of the 1774, died in Dresden, Jan 28, 1857. Bas-
royal family, and in 1816 was appointed soon player, sou and pupil of Gottfried
court composer to the Iving of Prussia. Kummer (1730-1812). He was first bas-
He founded with Stern and Marx a Con- soon player in the Elector's Grenadier
servatorium in 1850, and, retiring from the Guard travelled in 1798, playing with ;
management in 1855, established the Neue great success in Stockholm and Copenha-
Akademie der Tonkunst, which in 1880 had gen. In 1809 he became bassoonist in the
a hundred teachers and more than a thou- Electoral Chapel of Saxony, and retired in
sand pujîls. He was not only an excellent 1842. Works 7 concertos for bassoon and :
pianist, but a teacher of the first rank. orchestra Aii's varies for do.; Trios and ;
Works Concerto for pianoforte and or- duos for bassoons Concertos for violin,
: ;
chestra, op. 55 Trio for pianoforte and with orchestra or quartet, and other violin
;
strings, op. 77 3 duos for pianoforte and music. Mendel Fetis.

; — ;
violin, op. 57 (with Richard Wiierst) An- KUMMER, K.lSPAPv, born at Erlau, ;
dante, with violin or clarinet Symphonie Prussian Saxony, Dec. 10, 1795, died at
;
de piano, op. 27 ; Sonata, op. 7 ; Many salon Coburg, May 21, 1870. Virtuoso on the
pieces, paraphrases, fantasias, etc. ; Schule flute, pupil of Neumeister, city musician at
des Oktavenspiels, op. 48 Songs, op. 1 and Schleusiugen, and of the Cantor Stiips be-
; ;
10.— Allgem. d. Biogr., xvii. 3C1 Mendel came flutist in the ducal chapel, Coburg, in
; ;
Riemanu, 492 ; Fctis, Supplement, ii. 53. 1813, and afterwards Musikdirektor. He
RUMMER, FRIEDRICH AUGUST, born published concertos, trios, duos, rondos,
in Mciningen, Aug. 5, 1797, died in Dres- variations, etudes, etc., for flute ; Quintets,
den, May 22, 1879. Violoncellist, pupil of quartets, and trios for flute and strings ;
Dotzauer in Dresden learned also the Cantatas and church music.
;
Mendel Fe- — ;
oboe, and was made a member of the court tis.
orchestra in 1811, but returned to his first KUNC, ALOYS MARTIN, born at Ciute-
instrument in 1817. He made professional gabello (Haute-Garonue), France, Jan. 1,
KUNDINGER
1832, 1889.
still living, Church composer lin, a symphony, overtures, mazurkas for
was boy iu the Cathedral of Toulouse,
a choir pianoforte, songs, etc. — ^leudel ; Viottn.
theu studied organ aud coiupositiou under KUNDINGER, GEORG (WILHELM),
Honimey while attending the Esiquile Semi- born at KOuigshofen, Bavaria, Nov. 28,
nary, where he became a teacher in 18-19. 1800, still living,Church comiioser,
1889.
He was organist of Notre Dame at Lom- studied singing, pianoforte, aud organ in
bez, in the diocese of Auch, in 1852-57, aud the convent of Heilbronn, aud (1816) at the
niaitre de chapello of the Cathedral of Auch teachers' seminary of Nuremberg, where he
in 1857. He took part in the Congress held was a pupil of the Cantor Zosinger be- ;
in Paris for the revival of the French choral came Cantor at Wiudsheim in 1819, aud
service, 1860, aud was sent iu 18G1, iu this Cantor aud organist at Kitziugen iu 1820.
behalf, to Rome, where he was elected He then studied theorj' under FrOhlich and
member of the St. Cecilia Society. He was Kiiffuer, at Wiirzburg, 1825-31, and often
appointed professor aud maitre de ehajiello appeared in concerts as a pianist there,
of the Jesuit College, Toulouse, aud organist aud at Nuremberg, Frankfort, etc. In 1831
of Saint- Au bin, ib., in 18G3, organist and he went as Cantor and ^lusikdirektor to
maitre de chapelle of the Church of Jesus NiJrdlingeu, and in 1838 to Nuremberg,
in 18G5, aud of the Cathedral of Toulouse where he conducted several singing socie-
in 1870 at the same time he became i^ro- ties.
; He afterwards retired to Fiirth, where
fessor at the Conservatoire and the Nor- he taught music. He composed church can-
mal School. He received the orders of St. tatas, hj'mus, etc., aud instrumental music.
Sylvester and of the Golden Spur from the —Mendel Fetis. ;
Poiê iu 1868, aud obtained a prize from KUNDINGER, RUDOLF, born at NOrd-
Rome for some of his didactic works in liugen. May 2, 1832, still living, 1889. Pi-
1870. Works 2 masses 15 motets for anist, son and pupil of Georg Kiiudinger on
: ;
festivals 32 canticles to the Holy Virgin

; the pianoforte aud organ, aud of Blumroder
;
Corona sacra, collection of 100 religious in harmony and counterpoint went as ;
pieces Chants dela milice du Pape

; Ecrin private tutor to St. Petersburg, where he
;
de rOrgauiste Pianoforte music Songs. appeared iu the concerts of the Imperial

; ;
Among his didactic works are Le plaiu- Music Society, aud in 1860 became instruc-
:
cliaut liturgique dans I'archidiocese d'Auch tor to the children of the Grand Duke Con-
(1858) Memoire sur le nouveau chaut li- stantine since theu he has confined him-
; ;
turgique de Toulouse (1860) Essai sur le self to instruction at the imperial court. In
;
rhythms qui convient au plain-chant (ib.) 1879-80 he was professor at the Couserva-;
L3 plain-chant romain et le uouveau chaut torium. Of his compositions only a trio

liturgique de Toulouse (1861). —Fetis ; do., for pianoforte and strings, and some salon
Supplement, ii. 51 ; Mendel. lîeces, —
have been published. Mendel Rie- ;
KUNDINGER, AUGUST, born at Kit- manu.

zingen, Bavaria, Feb. 13, 1827, still living, KUNKEL, FRANZ JOSEPH, born at
1889. son of Georg Kiiudinger, Dieburg, Hesse, Aug. 20, 1804, died at
Violinist,
pupil of the court musician Horn, and the Frankfort, Dec. 31, 1880. After learning
court organist Ett iu Munich, aud iu 1842 sevei'al instruments and studying compo-
of BiJhm and Preyer at the Vienna Couser- sition, he became a school teacher at Hep-
vatorium. In 1815 he travelled through penheim in 1824, rector of the Biirger-
Germany two schule at Bensheim in 1828, and from 1834
as violinist, lived in Jena for
years, aud iu 1852 went to
Petersburg, taught vocal music at the Gymnasium, and
St.
where he became violinist of the Imperial later also at the Seminary there. He was
orchestra. He composed concertos for vio- pensioned in 1854, and retired to Frank-
KUNST
fort. Works Der Tod Jesu, cantata Ger- there in 1830.
: ; Pianist, inventor of the
niaii mass Psalms and motets Cliorusea orchestrion and
; ; pcrfecter of the Bogcii-
and songs 12 choral preludes 9 festival clavier, or flute-pianoforte. Works: Die
; ;
pieces, and many fugues for organ Kath- Bczauberten, opera, given in Prague, 1779
;
;
olisches Choralbucli Musical articles and Music to the drama Konig A\'enzel Pyg-
;
;
pamphlets. — Mendel ; Fetis. malion, cantata (1781) Other operas, can-

;
KUNST DER FUGE, DIE (The Art of tatas, several overtures Pianoforte music, ;
Fugue), for the clavier, by Johann Sebastian and many songs. — Gerber ; Wurzbach ; Fe-
Bach, consisting of separate fugues, de- tis Schilling. ;
veloped from the same theme through in- KUNTZE, KARL, born in Treves, May
tricate devices of counterpoint and inver- 17, died at Delitzsch, Sept. 7, 1883. Pian-
sion, and forming one lai'ge fugue. The ist and organist, pupil of his fathei-, and at
greater part was engraved under Bach's Magdeburg Muhling then at the
of A. ;
supervision but, through the ignorance of

; Roj-al Institute for Church Music, Berlin,
the editors, it was first published in much pupil of A. W. Bach, Marx, and Rungeu-
disorder, many sketches, completed move- liagen. He became Cantor and organist at
ments, and two fugues for two claviers be- Pritzwalk, and in 1852 was made royal Mu-
ing interpolated by mistake. After their sikdirektor, in 1858 organist at Aschersle-
excision the work contains 15 fugues and i ben, and in 1873 musical instructor at the
canons but how Bach intended to com- seminary in Delitzsch. He conducted sev-
;
bine these is not known. The autograjjh is eral musical festivals, and was especially
in the Kouigllche Bibliothek, Berhn. It popular as the composer of humorous and
was published by Emanuel Bach's order comic quartets for male voices. Works :
(Marburg, Berlin, 1752), but only 30 copies Im Gebirge, operetta, given at Dessau,
were printed, and on Sept. 14, 17GG, Bach 1875 Motets, Ave Maria, and other church ;
offered the GO plates for sale. The score music Overtures for full orchestra, and ;
was edited by Carl Maria von "Weber (Nii- for wind instruments Marches, dances, etc. ;
geli, Zurich, 180.3) and by Czcrny (Peters, Many choruses, quartets, duets, and songs.
;
Leipsic, 1839). The latter contains the Ri- —

Mendel Futis, Supplement, ii. 54. ;
cerca and the Thema regium from Bach's KUNZ, KONRAD MAX, born at Schwan-
Musikalisches Opfer, to which was prefixed dorf, Bavaria, Dec. 30, 1812, died in Mu-
Moritz Hauptmann's Erliiuterungeu (pub- nich, Aug. 3, 1875. He studied music
lished separately by Peter.s, Leipsic, 1841). while in the Gymnasium at Amberg ; and
An analysis of the Art of Fugue was
while studying medicine subsequently, in
read,
by James Higgs, before the Musical Asso- Munich, supported himself by teaching the
ciation of London, and published in its pianoforte, and became a pupil of Hart-
proceedings in 187G-77. An unfinished maun Stuntz. He conducted afterwards
clavier fugue of colossal dimensions, on sevci'al singing societies, among others the
three! themes, the last being the name Liedertafel,which be helped to found, and
Bach, was published by mistake in the orig- for which he wrote a number of choruses
inal edition of the Art of Fugue. An that became widely popular. His best '
edition of the Kunst der Fuge, by Dr. "\Vil- known work is a collection of 200 canons,
hclm Rust, is published by the Bach-Gesell- op. 14, a supplement to every pianoforte
schaft, vol. XXV. (Leipsic, 1875). — Spitta, method, which went through several Ger-
Bach, ii. 671, G84 ; Poole, Bach, 116 ; Cii- man and foreign editions. — Allgem. d.
cilia (24), 17. Biogr., xvii. 399 ; Fctis ; Jlendel.

KLTSfTZ (Kunz), THOMAS ANTON, KUNZEN, .VDOLPH KARL, born at Wit-
born in Prague, Dec. 21, 175G, still living tenberg, Sept. 22, 1720, died at Liibeck
KUNZEN
in 1781. Organist and barpsichortl player, Ossian's Harfe (not given) Naturens Rust ;
son of Johaun Paul Kunzen, with whom lie (The Voice of Nature), ib., 1799 Hjemkoni- ;
made a concert tour to Holland and Eng- sten (Return home), ib., 1802 Husarerne ;
land at the age of eight in London he was paa Frieri (The Hussars a-wooing), 1813
; ;
a favourite of Dr. Pepusch. From 1729 he Music to the dramas Eropolis, 1803, Hussi-
lived in Hamburg, and nothing is known terue, 1806, and Gyrithe, 1807. Oratorios
of him when he became Kapell- and cantatas Die Auferstehung, 1796 Das
until 1750, : ;
meister at Schwerin. In 1757 he succeeded Hallelujah der SchOpfung, 1798 Der Ero- ;
to liis father's position as organist in Lii- berer und der Friedensfiirst, 1802 Tr.auer- ;
beck. His hand having become iiseless cantata on the death of J. A. P. Schulz,
from paralysis in 1772, his pupil Kouigs- 1800 ; Hymne auf Gott, 1800 ; Overtures,
lowe was assigned him as adjunct. He pianoforte music, songs, etc. — Allgem. d.
was greatly honoured as organist and pian- Biogr., xvii. 403 ; Allgem. mus. Zeitg., xvii.
ist. Works Die gottlichc Berufung des

: 65 ; xix. 185 ; Fc'tis ; Gerber ; Mendel ; do.,
Glaubens Abrahams, oratorio Passion ; Ergilnz., 201 ; Schilling.

oratorio Symphonies 21 concertos for
; ; KUNZEN, JOHANN PAUL, born at
violin 8 do. for flute
; G do. for oboe ; Leisnig, Saxony, Aug. 30, 169G, died at Lii-
Motets, cantatas, etc., none of which were beck in 1770. Organist ; went to Torgau
published. Much of this music is now in when nine years old, then to Freiberg, and
the library of the Conservatoire, Brussels. finally to Leipsic (1716), where he taught
A few of his sonatas were j'ublished in music to support himself, and through his
London, and some of his music is to be teachers Rau and Kuhnau obtained lucra-
found in Cramer's collection entitled Flora. tive patronage and a position as violinist in
— Mendel Fotis Gerber Schilling Bui-- the theatre and concert orchestras he also
; ; ; ; ;
ney. Hist., iv. 652. sang in opera and was assistant organist at
kuNZEN, FRIEDRICH the Nicolai Church. LUDWIG
In 1718 he became
iEMILIUS, born in Liibeck, Sept. 24, 1761, Kaijellmeister at Zerbst, but went to "\Vit-
died in Copenhagen, Jan. 28, 1817. Dra- tenbei'g in 1719, where he founded the
matic composer, sou and pupil of Adolph public concerts. In 1723 he went to Ham-
Karl Kunzen studied harmony in Ham- burg, and brought out some of his operas,
;
burg, and in 1784 entered the University travelled in Holland and England with his
of Kiel. In 1787 he went to Copenhagen, eight year old son Adoljih Karl in 1728-29,
where he taught music and won success and was organist in Liibeck in 1732-57.
with his first opera in 1790 he went to Mattheson calls him one of the best com-
;
Berlin, and with Reichardt founded the posers of his time, but his Passion music,
Musikalisches Wochenblatt (1791), and Mu- his vocal works, etc., were never published
sikalische Monatsschrift (1792). For a short and are all forgotten. His oratorio, Belsa-
time Kapellmeister of the theatres at Frank- zar, was considered his best work. Gerber —
fort and at Prague, he became, in 1795, Schilling Mendel Fetis. ; ;
court Kapelmester in Copenhagen. Eoj'al KUPSCH, KARL GUSTAV, born in

professor Order of Danebrog member of Berlin, Feb. 24, 1807, died at Naumburg,
; ;
Stockholm Academy. Works— Operas Hol- July 30, 1846. Dramatic composer, pupil
:
ger Danske (Oberon), given at Copenhagen, of Berger on the pianoforte, of A. W. Bach

1789 Das Fest der Winzer, oder die Wein- on the organ, of Ritz on the violin, of Be-
;
lese, Prague, 1795 Hemmeligheden (The uelli in singing, and of Zelter and Beruhard
;
Secret), Copenhagen, 1796 Dragedukken, Klein in composition became organist of

;
;
ib., 1797 Jokeyen, ib., 1797 Erik Ejegad! the Werder Church, Berlin, in 1825, and
; ;
ib., 1798; Min bedstemoder, ib., 1799; founded a music school on Logier's system.
KURPi:^'^SKI
After living in Leipsic and Dresden ho went Le bourgeois gentilhomme, Terpsichore sur
to Liibeck as musical director of the 8tadt- la Yistule, Mars et Flore, etc. Mjisses Can- ;
tlieater thence, in 1838, to Rotterdam as

; tatas Symphonies Nocturnes Fugues
; ; ;
;
director and professor of the Singing Acad- Music for strings, for pianoforte, and for
emy, and orchestral conductor of the Eru- wind instruments. Fetis Mendel Schil- — ; ;
ditio Musica concert societj'. Returning to ling ; Sowiiiski, 353.

Germany in 1840, he was musical director KTJRZINGER, PAUL, born at Wiuzburg
of the theatre at Freiburg im Breisgau, and was living iu Vienna iu 1807. Dra- in 17G0,
in 184G at Nauinburg. He was Schumann's matic and church composer, sou and pupil
teacher in theorj' for a short time. Works of Iguaz Franz Xaver Kiirziuger, who was :
Fridolin, ojiera, about 1840 Music to Wal- Kapellmeister at Mergentheim about 1750.
;
leustein's Tod, and to the pantomime, Der Destined to the law by his father, he finally
Zauberkessel Pianoforte jîeces
; Songs. adopted music as a profession, and became
;
— Mendel; Fctis. violinist in the Elector's orchestra in Mu-

KURPINSKI, KARL (KASDIIR), born nich afterwards lived again at Wiirzbui-g, ;
at Luschwitz, Posen, March 5, 1785, died but soon went to Ratisbon, where he entered
at ^\'arsaw, Sept. 18, 1857. Dramatic com- the service of the Prince of Timi-n und
poser, entered the orchestra of the Starosty Taxis was called to Vienna by Joseph II. ;
Felix Polanowski in Galicia was made as- and made director of music in a school in
;
sistant conductor at the National Theatre Vienna. Works Die Griifiu, opera, given :
in "Warsaw about 1810 appointed court in Munich, 1773 Die Illumination, Vienna,
; ;
Kapellmeister to Emperor Alexander I. in 1792 Robert und Calliste, ib., 1794 ; ;
1819, and decorated with the order of St. Church music Songs, dances, etc. Fetis ; — ;
Stanislaus iu 1823 he then visited Ger- Mendel Schilling.

; ;
many, France, and Italy, to study the con- KUSSER. See Cousser.
dition of music iu those countries, returned KUSTER, HERMANN, bom at Templin,
iu 1824, and retired to private life in 1841. Brandenburg, July 14, 1817, died at Hcr-
—
Works Operas Dwie Chatki (Two Huts), ford, Westphalia, March 17, 1878. Orgau-
:
1811 Palac Lucyfera (Lucifer's Palace), ist, pupil of the Cantor Christian Koch on
;
1811 Mai'tynowa w Seraju (^Martin's Wife the pianoforte and organ, then, at the Acad-
;
in the Harem), 1812 Ruiny Babilonu (The emy and at the Royal Institute for Church
;
Ruins of Babylon), Szarlatan (The Char- Music iu Berlin, pupil of A. W. Bach, Lud-
latan), 1814 Laska Imperatora (The Em- wig Berger, Ruugenhagen, and Mai-x. He
;
peror's Favour), 1814 Jadwiga (Hedvig), was Musikdirektor at Saarbriickeu iu 1845

;
1814 Agar na puszczy (Hagar iu the Des- -52, then taught iu Berlin, where he found-
;
ert), 1814 Alexander i Apelles, 1815 ed the Tonkiiustlerverein, and iu 1857 suc-
;
Obl^zenie Gdanska (The Siege of Dantzic), ceeded Grell as court and cathedral organ-
1815; Nadgroda (Recompense), 1815 Mala ist and royal Musikdirektor. He was made;
Szkota Ojcuw (Father's bad Example), 181G professor iu 1874. Works Oratorios ;
— :
Nowe Krakowiaki, 181G Dziadek, 1816 Judith Julian der Abtriiunige Die Er-
; ; ; ;
Ero i Leauder, 1816 Jan Kochanowski, scheinungdesKreuzes Johannes der Evan-

; ;
1817 Baterya o jednym zotniezu (Batterj' gelist Das Wort des Herrn
;
Die ewige ; ;
served by a single soldier), 1817 Czaro- Heimath Hermann der Deutsche. Church
; ;
mySl, 1818 Zamek na Czorstynie (The and orchestral music, songs, etc. ^lore im-
;
Castle of 1819 Le forestier, portant are his writings Populiire Vortriige

Czorstyn), ; :
1819 Kalmora, 1820 Casimir le grand

; iiber Bildung uud Begrilndung eiues niu-
; ;
Nasze przebiegi Ct'cile de Piasczezno Mu- sikalischeu Urtheils (Leipsic, 1870-77)

; ; ;
sic to the tragedy Zbigniew, 1819. Ballets: Ueber Hiiudel's Israel iu Aegypten (1854)
KUTTNOIIORSKY
Ueber die Formen in der Miisik (1872) ; etc. LABAEEE, THlilODOEE, born in Paris,
—Allgeiu. d. Biogr., xvii. 43(5 ; Mendel March 5, 1805, died there, March 9, 1870.
Fctis ; do., Suppli'mcnt, ii. 54. Harpist, pupil of Cousineau, Bochsa, Nader-
KUTTNOHOKSKY, JOHANN NEPO- man, and at the Conservatoire of Dourlen,
MUK, born in Prague about 1735, died Eler, Fctis, and Boieldieu. He visited Eng-
tlicre in 1781. Teuor singer, pupil of his land in 1824, and then lived alternately in
father became tenor in the Metropolitan London and in Paris, where he became chef
;
Church, then in St. Maria de Victoria, choir- d'orchestre at the Opera Comique in 1847-
director at tlie castle, and in the Benedic- 49. He went again to London, but returned
tine church on the Hradschin. He was to Paris in 1851 to direct for Napoleon in.
one of the best singers of Ids time and a Later he was apjioiuted professor of harii at
favourite composer, though none of his mu- the Conservatoire. Works Oiêras Les — :
sic, among which are 2 masses and 8 sym- deux families, given in Paris, Opera Comi<jue,
phonies, was ever published. — Mendel ;
1831 L'asjîrant de marine, ib., 1834 Le
; ;
Schilling ; Wurzbach. meuetrier, ou les deux duchesses, ib., 1845 ;
KUZZI, ANTON JOSEPH, lived in St. Pantagruel, Opera, 1855. Ballets: La re-
Petersburg in 1796. Dramatic composer, volte au serail, Ojjcra, 1833 ; Jovita, ou les
pupil of Dittersdorf. Among his operas boucaniers, ib., 1853 ; La Fonti, ib., 1855 ;
was Behuonte und Constanze. He com- Graziosa, ib., 1861 roi d'Yvetot, ib., ; Le
posed also symjihonies, concertos, and Ger- 1865. Duos for harjj and violin Duos for ;
man and Italian arias.— Mendel Gerber harp and pianoforte Trios and duos for harp
;
;
;
Schilling. and wind instruments Numerous jiieces, ;
and a Methode complete for harp. Fetis — ;
do.. Supplement, ii. 50 Mendel lliemann. ; ;
LABAREE, LOUIS JULIEN CASTELS LABAT, JEAN BAPTISTE, born at Ver-

DE, born in Paris, ]March 24, 1771, dun, France, June 17, 1802, died at Laga-
died (?). Violinist, pupil of Viotti, rosse (Tarn-et-Garonne), Jan. 0, 1875. Or-
later at the Conservatorio dell Pieta, Najjles, ganist, iûpil of Jacques Causse in Toulouse,
of Sala. He returned to France in 1793, and of Benoist and Fctis at the Paris Con-
and studied composition and counterpoint servatoire. He was organist in his native
with Mehul was for two years first violin-
; then organist and maitre de chaiêlle at
city,
ist at the Theatre de Molicre, then from Moutauban, where he founded a philhar-
1795 at the Opera, which he left for a po- monic society and established a course ou
sition in the family of the Emperor Napo- harmony, from which issued many able pu-
leon. Works Les upoux de seize ans,
: pils. Works Grand opera : (unpublished)
opera, given in Paris, Theatre de Molifire, Noel, La Sybille, oratorios ; Messe soleu-
1798 Scene from Les adieux du Cid a Chi- nelle with orchestra, and two short masses
;
m6ne 2 collections of romances Duets, with organ Grand ^Magnificat 2 collections

; ; ; ;
caprices, and airs varies for violin. Fctis of motets —

Collection of cantatas do. of ; ; ;
Mendel. canticles do. of fugues for the organ 2 ; ;
LABAERE, mCHEL
DE, born in Paris anthems, alia Palestrina, for six voices ; Le
about 1675, died there in 1743. Flutist siege de ]\Iontauban, overture for grand or-
and dramatic composer. Works Pygma- : chestra ; Leyons d'harmonie and Le5ons de
lion, oiêra, and Le triomphe des arts, opera- contrepoint, after the system of Fetis ; Pi-
ballet, given at the Academie Eoyale de Mu- anoforte music and many songs. — Fetis ;
sique, 1700 La Venitienne, comedie-ballet,

; do., Supplement, ii. 5C IMendel. ;
ib., 1705 Duos and trios for the flute. Fc-

; — LABITZKY (Labitski), JOSEPH, bom at
tis; Mendel. SchOnfeld, Bohemia, July 4, 1802, died at
LA BOCCA
Carlsbad, Aug. 18, 1881. Violinist, pupil of et rctrouvi', Comedie Italienne, 1704 Les ;
Veit at Petschau, and of Winter in Munich in amours de Gonesse, Nouveau Theatre Ita-
composition ;
played lien, 1705 Amphion, Opera, 1707 La cin-
; ;
in the orchestra at quantaiue, ib., 1771 ; Adele de Ponthieu, ib.,

Marienbad in 1820, 1772 ; Trois deesses rivales ; Collection of
at Carlsbad in 1821 ; songs. — Fetis ; Mendel ; Gerber.
then formed an or- LA BRISE EST ML'ETTE. See Le
chestra of his own Prophile.
and made concert LA CALUNNIA £ UN VENTICELLO.
tours. He settled at See n Barhiere di Siviglia, Rossini.
Carlsbad as director LAC DES FfiES, LE, opera in five acts,
of orchestra in 1835, text by Scribe and Melcsville, music by
visited St. Peters- Auber, first represented at the Acadcmie
burg in 1839, London in 1850, and as- Royale de IMusique, Paris, April 1, 1839.
sociated his son August with him in direct- The overture alone survives. Published by
ing his orchestra. His numerous compo- Breitkopf & Hiirtel (Leipsic, 1840). Same
sitions shared the popularity of those of subject, Italian opera, by Carlo Coccia, Tu-
Strauss and Lanner. Works Waltzes, jjol- rin, 1841 by Cesaro Dominiceti, text by
: ;
kas, galops, quadrilles, marches String quar- Zanardini, Naples, May 18, 1878.
;
tets Concertos Divertissements and vari-

; ; LA CHAINE DE L'HYMEN M'E-
ations for different instruments. —
Allgem. d. TONNE. See Armide et Renaud.
Biogr., xvii. 407; Wurzbach Mendel; Rie- LACHER, JOSEPH, born at Haunstetten,
;
mann ; Fctis Supplement, 258.

; near Augsburg, Nov. 5, 1739, died at Kemp-
Schilling,
LA BOCCA VAGA, alto aria of Ruggiero, ten, Bavaria, about 1804. Virtuoso on the
in E major, with accompaniment of strings oboe, the clarinet, and the English horn,
complete and continuo, in Handel's Alcina, first instructed by his father, but mostly
Act L, Scene 12. Published separately, in self-taught. After having served several
fiUed-out pianoforte score, by Otto Dresel years in Bavarian military bands, he made
(Leipsic, Breitkopf & Hiirtel). concert tours in Switzerland and Germany,
LABORDE (de la Borde), JEAN BEN- and afterwards became Kapellmeister to
JAMIN DE, born in Paris, Sept. 5, 1734, the Prince Abbot of Kempten. Works :
died there, July 22, 1794. Dramatic com- A duodrama, Emma und Edgar Octets, ;
poser, pupil of Dauvergne on the violin, quintets, quartets, and concertos for ditYer-
and of Rameau in composition. An atten- ent instruments. Mendel Fetis. — ;
dant of Louis XV., he became one of the LACHNER, FR.INZ, born at Rain, Ba-
Compagnie des Fermiers Generaux but ; varia, April 2, 1804, . -rl!*^^
after death of the king he retired
the still living, 1889.
from court life and devoted himself to Pupil of his father, a
composition and studj'. He was one of the poor organist, then
victims of the Revolution. Works — Op- at Neuburg pupil of
eras : Gilles, gar5on-pointre, given at the Eiseuhofer, becoming
Theatre de la Foire-Saint-Germain, 1758 ;
proficient on the pi-
Les epreuves de I'amour, ib., 1759 Les ; anoforte, organ, and

bons amis. Opera Comique, 1761 Annette ; violoncello. After
et Lubin, private theatre of Richelieu, 1762 ;
deciding to make
Ismcne ou la fute de Jupiter, music his profession,
et Ismenias,
given at coui-t, 17C3, and in the Academic he went to Munich, earned bis living by
Royale de Musique, 1770 L'anneau perdu teaching and 2>layiug in an orchestra, and
;
LACHNER
received instruction from Ett. In 1822 be Choruses ;
Quartets for male voices ; Trios
made his way to Vienna, long tlie goal of for female voices ; Many pieces for the pi-
his desires, secured a situation as organist
of the Protestant Church, and studied com-
position and counterpoint under Stadler
and Sechter. He became very intimate
with Schubert, and his talent was recog- anoforte, and songs. Fi'tis do., Supple- — ;
nized by Beethoven. In 182C he was made ment, ii. 57 Mendel Wurzbach Riemann ; ; ;
;
Vice-Kapellmeister, in 1828 first Kajjell- Schilling Schumann, Ges. Schriften, i. 93, ;
meister, at the Kiinithnerthor Theater, and 131, 2G3 ii. 107 Ambros, Bunte Blatter, ; ;
during all his residence in Vienna he was ii. 115 Hauslick, Concertwesen iu Wien, i. ;
an industrious comjioser. Summoned to 3G3 ii. 292, 315, 422. ;
Mannheim in 1834, to conduct the ojjera, he LACHNER, IGNAZ, born at Rain, Ba-
was induced, in 183G, to accept the appoint- varia, Sept. 11, 1807, still living, 1889.
ment as court Kapellmeister in Munich. He Brother of Franz and Vincenz Lachner.
did great service as director of the ojjera, the Pujîl of his father, then at Augsburg of
sacred music of the court, and the concerts Neugebauer on the violin, of Keller on the
of the Musical Academy, and in 1852 was pianoforte, and of Witschka in composi-
ajjpointed music director-general. The in- tion. Summoned by his brother Franz to
creasing devotion of the public to Wagner's Munich to join the orchestra of the Isar-
music made his position in Munich uncom- thor Theater, he followed him to Vienna iu
fortable, so that he was moved in 1SG5 to 1824, became a member of the Karnthner-
ask for his retirement, which was granted thor Theater orchestra and organist of the
in 18CS. The Munich University couferi'ed Evangelical Church, and in 1825 Vice-Ka-
a doctor's degree upon him in 1872. In liellmeister at the Opera. Went to Stutt-
Southern Germany he is regarded as a gart as court music director in 1831, and to
classic wi-iter. His suites are masterpieces. Munich in 1842 as second Kapellmeister
His style is natural, without an abnormal under his brother Franz. In 1853 he was ap-
striving after originalitj', and with a thor- pointed Kapellmeister of the theatre in Ham-
ough command of harmony and counter- burg, in 1858 court Kapellmiiistare at Stock-
point. Works— Operas Die Biirgschaft, holm, and iu 1861 Kapellmeister at Frank-
:
given at Pesth, 1828, Munich, 1834 Alidia, fort, where he still lives, retired since 1875.
;
Munich, 1830 Catarina Cornaro, ib., 1841 Works Operas Der Geisterthurm, Stutt-
; — :
Eenvenuto Cellini, ib., 1849 Music to the gart, 1837 Die Regenbriider, ib., 1839
; ; ;
drama Lanassa, Vienna, 1882. Oratorios Loreley, Munich, 184G. Ballets, melodra- :
Moses Die vier Menscheualter Requiem, mas, and entr'actes Masses String quar-
; ; ; ;
op. 14fi ; 2 Stabat Mater, op. 154, 1G8 tets ; Trios ; S^'iuphouies ; Concert j)ieces
Solemn mass, op. 52 Other masses Psalms ; ; for different instruments ; Pianoforte sona-
and motets Fugues, sonatas, and other
; and many songs. Mendel Riemann tas, — ; ;
pieces for organ ; do., Supplement, ii. 57

Suites for orchestra, op. Fetis
Schilling, ; ;
113, 11,5, 122, 129, 135, 150, 170 Sinfouia Supplement, 201. ;
appassionata, op. 52 7 other symphonies ; LACHNER, MXCENZ, born at Rain, ;
Concert overtures Festival march for brass Bavaria, July 19, 1811, still living, 1889.
;
instruments Nonet for wind instruments Brother of Franz and Ignaz Lachner, jjujsil
;
;
Sextets, quintets, quartets, trios, and sona- of his father on the pianoforte, organ, and
tas for pianoforte and strings 5 quartets violin for several years private tutor at
; ;
for strings Elegy for five violoncellos Poaen, he went to Vienna, studied under
;
Serenade for four do.; 2 concertos for harp his brothers, and in 1831 succeeded Ignaz ;
LACIIJS'ITIl
as organist of the Evangelical Church. He [

Saint-Vaast-de-la-Hogue, Sept. 30, 1884.
took the Franz as court Ivapell-
jilace of Pianist, pupil at the Conservatoire, Paris, of
meister at Mannheim in 1836, and remained Zimmerman iu 1829, and obtained first prize
there until pensioned in 1873 but in 1812 ; in 1831. With his sister, Felicie Lacombe,
he conducted the German opera in London, and accompanied by his parents, he began
and in 1848 the Stadttheater at Frankfort, in 1832 a concert tour through France and
Works Sj'mphonies Overtures, including
: ; Germany, and on arriving in Vienna studied
a prize Festouvertiire Music to Schiller's ; the pianoforte under Czerny and FischotT,
Turandot, and to Demetrius String quar- ; and theory under Sechter and Seyfried.
tets Quartet for pianoforte and strings
; ;
He travelled through German}' again in
Many songs and choruses. Mendel Rie- — ; 1840, and after studying lianuony in Paris
mann Schilling, Supplement, 2(Jl Futis
; ; ;
under Barbereau devoted himself to com-
do., Supplement, ii. 57. position. He is of the school of Berlioz
LACHXITH, LUDWIG WENZEL, born and David, and aims to produce peculiar
in Prague, July 7, 174G, died iu Paris, Oct. efi'ects by calling into action great instru-
3, 1820. Virtuoso on the horn, first in- mental and vocal masses. Works Operas — :
structed in Prague, by and other

his father Madone, given in Paris, Theatre Lyrique,
teachers, on the violin, pianoforte, and horn. 1861 L'amoui', melodrama, Theatre Saint-
;
Having been for several years iu the service Marcel, 1859. Dramatic symphonies Jlan- :
of the Duke he went to

of Zweibriicken, fred, 1847 Arva, 1850.
; A lyric epos Sa- ;
Paris iu 1773, studied the horn under Eo- pho, prize cantata for the Exposition of
dolphe, and ajîseared with great success in 1878 Quintet for pianoforte and strings ; ;
the Concerts Spirituels. Compelled by ill- 2 trios for strings Sonatas and other pieces ;
health to give up his instrument, he stud- for pianoforte and violin Pianoforte pieces, ;
ied composition under Philidor in 1776, and and many songs. Fetis do., Supplement, — ;
gave pianoforte lessons. He adajjted many ii. 57 Riemann Mendel Schilling Schu- ; ; ; ;
operas, one of which Fctis called " a mon- mann, Ges. Schriften, ii. 132, 151.
strous compilation," and sometimes he even LACOMBE, PALTj, born at Carcassonne
combined the music of several celebrated iu 1837, still living, 1889. Pupil of Teys-
composers into one piece. Works Ope- sep-e visited Paris and other cities to ex-— ;
ras L'heureux divorce, ou la reconciliation, tend his musical knowledge, and has made
:
given in Paris, Comedie Italienne, 1785 a name for himself especially through his;
L'anticjuaire, Theatre de Monsieui', 1789 chamber music. Works Symphonic over- ;

:
Eugenie et Liuval, ou le mauvais fils. Thea- ture Pastorale for orchestra Sonatas for ; ;
tre Montansier, 1798 Les fetes lacedemo- pianoforte and violin Trio for pianoforte
; ;
niennes Adaptation of Die Zauberilote, and strings. Pianoforte pieces and songs.
;
called Les mysteres dTsis Saiil, and La Fetis, Supplement, ii. 58

;
Mendel. — ;
prise de Jericho, arrangements made to- LACOîlE (DESTALENX), PAUL (JEAN

gether with the elder Kalkbreuner About JACQUES), born at Houga (Gers), :March
;
18 symphonies Quartets and trios for 4, 1838, still living, 1889. Dramatic com-
;
strings Concertos for horn Sonatas for poser, studied music at home, and, after
; ;
pianoforte and violin. He published also a obtaining a good education, became a pupil
pianoforte —
method (with Adam). Fetis of Don Jose Puig y Absubide. Later he ;
Mendel Wurzbach. ; went to Paris, where one of his operettiis

LA CI DAREM LA 5IAX0 See Do>i was awai-ded the first prize. He is also a
!
Giovanni. reporter for musical papers. Works Ope- —

LACOMBE, LOUIS (BROUILLON-), ras : Aniphitryou, 1874 ; Jeanne. Jeauuette et
born at Bourges, Nov. 26, 1818, died at Jeauneton, 1876 ; La dot mal placee. Ope-
LACOSTE
rettas : Le dernier ties paladins ; L'opicier dolpho Kreutzer. In 1805 he played be-
pai- amour, 1870 J' veux mou peignoir ; ;
fore Napoleou at the Tuileries, and then
Eu Espaguc, 1872 Le moutou eurago, say- ;
went to London, where he became a pupil
uete, 1873 La gardeuse d'oies, Paris, Oct.
;
of Viotti and played in concerts with great
26, 1888 others, not performed

;
Trio for ; success. He was called at first the Young
pianoforte and strings Dances and other ;
Sjjaniard, his real name being announced
pieces for pianoforte Songs Pieces for ; ; later. A few years afterwards, he went
cornet and saxophone Douze psaumes des ; uijon the stage, and acted in Dublin, Edin-
lyriques fran9ais The collections, Le bon ; burgh, and Glasgow in genteel comedy ;
vieux temjjs, Echos d'Espagne, and Le tour but in 1818 resumed his instrument, and
du moude.— Fctis, Supplement, ii. 58 Men- ; was made director of concerts at Livei-jjool,
del, Ergiinz., 202. whither he returned iu 1821, having served
LACOSTE, , French dramatic com- iu London in 1820 as ballet conij)oser for
lôser of the 18th century, died after 1757. the Italian opera. Works : Quintet for pi-
He was chorist at the Opera iu Paris anoforte and strings ; Fantasias, rondos,
in 1693-1708. Works— Operas, given in etc., for pianoforte ; Songs. He adapted
Paris and Versailles Aricie, 1697 Philo- : ; very skilfully to the English stage both
raMe, Rhadamante, 1707 Creuse,
1705 ; ; words aud music of several popular operas,
1712 TeK'gone, 1725
; Orion, 1728 Bi- ; ; by Rossini, Meyerbeer, Weber, etc. Fetis — ;
blis, 1732 Pomone. Collection of Canta-

; do.. Supplement, ii. 59 Grove Mendel ; ; ;
tas. —
Ft'tis Mendel. ;
do., Ergiinz., 209.
LACRDIAS, two scenes for solo voice LA DONNA E MOBILE. See Fdgolelto.
with pianoforte accomjrianiment, by Schu- LADURNER, IGN.\Z ANTON FRANZ
bert, op. 124, from " Lacrimas," drama by XAVER, born at Aldein, Tyrol, Aug. 1, 1766,
Wilhelm von Schiitz, composed in Septem- died at Villain, iu the Commune of Massy
ber, 1825. Scene I. Delphine Scene II. ; (Seine-et-Oise), March 4, 1839. Pianist,
Florio, Nun, da Schatten niedergleiten. pupil of his fatber, an organist, whose po-
Published by Penauer and Schreiber (Vien- he supplied before going to Munich sition
na, 1829), and by Litolff and Senff (Leipsie). 1784 to complete his studies. In 1788 in
LACROIX, ANTOINE, born at Rember- he settled in Paris, and taught with suc-
ville, near Nancy, iu 1756, died at Ltibeck cess, and later was appointed professor at
in 1812. Violinist, pupil of Autoine Lo- the Conservatoire, where Auber aud Boely
renziti a^jpeared in Paris iu concert about were among his pupils.
; In 1836 he retii'sd
1780, left France on account of the Revolu- to a villa at Massy. Works— Opei'as Wen- :
tion, and lived some years in Bremen iu zel, ou le magistrat du peuple, given in ;
1793 he made a concert tour through Ger- Pai-is, Theatre Montansier, 1794; Les vieux
many and Denmark, and in 1800 was ap- fous, Theatre Feydeau, 1796; 9 sonatas for
pointed music director at Lflbeck, where he pianoforte and violin 12 sonatas, variations, ;
established a music trade in 1803. Works and numerous other pieces for pianoforte. :
Quartets aud duets for strings Sonatas and Fetis Mendel Riemann Schilling.
; — ; ; ;
variations for violin and jjianoforte. Men- LADY OF THE LAKE, THE, cantata in —
del Fetis Schilling
; Gerber Wasielew- two parts, text by Natalia Macfarren, from
; ; ;
ski, Die Violine, 258. Walter Scott's poem, music by George Alex-
LACY, mCHAEL
ROPHINO, born at ander Macfarren, first performed at the in-
Bilbao, Sixain, July 19, 1795, died iu Lon- auguration of the New Town Hall, Glasgow,
don, Sept. 20, 1867. VioHnist, sou of an Nov. 15, 1877. It was giveu at the Crystal
English merchant educated iu Bordeaux Palace, Loudon, March 16, 1878. Athe-
; —
and Paris, and studied the violin under Ro- uiEum (1877), ii. 673 (1878), i. 388. ;
LAFACiE
LAFAGE (Lnf.asgc), JUSTE ADRBEN Germany,
Italy, England, and Northern
LENOm DE, born March 28, Europe. In 1808 he succeeded Rode as
iu Paris,
1801, died at Charenton, March 8, 18G2. solo violin to the Emperor of Russia had ;
Church comiDOser and writer on music, a public contest in ^lilan with Paganini in
pupil of Perne and Choron, and then 1812 and on returning to Paris in 1815 ;
teacher of singing. In 1828 he weut, with became first violin to Louis XVHI. In
a government stipend, to Rome, where he 1831 he travelled in Germany with Henri
studied under Baiui in 1829 he was made Herz, and while on another tour with him
;
maitre de chapelle of 8aint-Etienue-du-Mont was killed in an accident to the mail-coach.

ill Paris, and in 1833-3G, and again in 1848, He was a brilliant player, but his compo-
went to Italy, visiting also Germany, Spain, sitions are not very valuable, musically.
and England. He died iu an insane asylum. Works : La rivaliti' villageoise, comic opera,
Works : I creditor!, farce, given in Flor- given in Paris, 1803 Another small opera, ;
ence ; Masses, motets, psalms, and other given at the imperial theatre of the Hermit-
church music Duos, fantasias, etc., for
; age, St. Petersburg ; 7 concertos for violin
flute. He was author also of Manuel com- and orchestra Fantasias, variations, rondos,
;
plet de musique (Paris, 1836-38), begun by and other pieces for violin About 20 duets ;
Choron SOmoiologie musicale (ib., 1837)

; ;
for violin and pianoforte (with Herz, Kalk-
Histoire genorale de la musique et de la brenner, and others) About 200 songs. ;
danse (ib., 1844, 2 vols.) jMiscellanees mu- ; — Fetis do., Supplement, ii. 60 Mendel
; ;
;
sicales, containing biogi-aphical material do., Ergiinz., 203 ; Schilling, Sujoplement,

about Haydn, Tritto, Bellini, and others 264 Wasielewski, Die Violine, 369 Du-
; ;
(ib., 1844) Biographical notices of Mattel bourg. The Violin, 203

; Hart, The Violin, ;
(1839), Zingarelli, Choron (1844), Bocquil- 311 Phipson, Celebrated Violinists, 98. ;
lonAYilhem, Baini (1844), Donizetti, etc. LA GARDE PASSE, IL EST mNUIT.

— Futis do., Supplomcnt, ii. 59 Mendel
; See Les deux avares.
;
Riemann. LAGEL, JOHANN GOTTLIEB, born at

LAFAGE (La Faghe, La Fague, La Flossberg, Saxony, Dec. 13, 1777, died at
Farge), PIERRE DE, French composer of Gera, June 5, 1843. Pupil of his fatliei-, a,
the latter half of the fifteenth century. village musician, on the pianoforte and vio-
Works Motet in Petrucci's Motetti della
: lin ; later, at Altenburg, of the cantor Krebs
Corona (1519) 2 motets iu Pierre Attai-
; in composition. He was appointed Cantor
guant's collection (1534) Other composi- ; at We^-da iu 1800, at Eisenberg in 1812, and
tions in various collections mentioned by Musikdirektor at Gera in 1815. Works :
Fotis.— Fe-ti.s. Several oratorios Cantatas for church ;
L.\FOXT, CHARLES PHILIPPE, born festivals Sonatas for the pianoforte

;
;
in Paris, Dec. 1, 1781, died between Ba- Songs. —

Fetis Mendel SchiUiug. ; ;
gueres-de-Bigon-e and Tarbes, Aug. 14, 1839. LAGfERRE, ELISABETH CLAUDE

Virtuoso on the violin, nephew and pupil of DE, born (Jaquet)in Paris, 1GG9, died there,
Bertheaume, with whom he travelled in June 27, 1729. Pianist, in great favour at
Germany in 1792 then studied the violin
; the court of Louis XIV. for her t.dent as
in Paris under Kreutzer and harmony under an improviser. Works : Cephale et Procris,
Navoigille and Bertou. His voice having opera, given in Paris, 1694 ; Te Deum, for
been much jjraised by Garat, he became his grand chorus, performed in 1721 iu the
pupil in singing, and ap^jeared in concei-ts Chapelle du Lou\Te for the celebration of the
at the Theatre Feydeau but soon returned ; king's recover}- ; 2 collections of cantatas
to the violin, and studied under Rode. He 2 collections of sonatas and other pieces for
made concert tours iu Belgium, Holland, pianoforte. — Fctis ; Mendel.
LAHEE
LAHEE, HENRY, l)orii at Chelsea, Eiig- the Conservatoire, Paris, of Leborne in
laud, April 11, 182G, still living, 1889. Oi-- composition and counterpoint. Works —
gaiiist, pupil of Goss Operas : Le secret de I'oncle Vincent, given
and of iu Paris, Opera Comique, 1855 Le duel du
iu c'onipositiou ;
Cipriani Potter and commandeur, ib., 1857 Mam'zelle Pene- ;
Sterndale Bennett on lope, ib., 1859 Le neveu de Gulliver, ib.,

;
the pianoforte. He
1861 La farce de maistre Villon, Theatre
;
was organist of Holy de I'Athenee, 1872 Pierrot tenor, at En- ;
Trinity Church, ghien, by the company of the Opera Co-

BromiJton, in 184:7- mique, 1876 On guerit de la peur, opera ;
74. "WorlvS —
Canta- de salon Le portrait d'un grand homme, ;
tas Building of the Opera Comique, in two acts, Paris, June 18,
:
Ship, ISCi) The Blessing of the Children, 1883 Le roi de Carreau, operette in three
; ;
1870; The Sleeping Beauty, for female acts, Paris, Oct. 27, 1S83. Military mu-
voices. Anthems, concerted vocal music, sic Grande messe militaire L'Orpheon de
; ;
songs, and pianoforte pieces. Many of his I'armee 6 choruses with accompaniment ;
madrigals have been awarded prizes. 25 marches and pas redoubles Marche ;
— Brown. triomphale, and other military music. Fe- —

LAHOUSSAYE, PIEERE, Lorn in Paris, tis. Supplement, ii. 64.
April 12, 1735, died there in 1818. Violin- LAKME, opera-comique in two acts, text
ist, first self-taught, then pupil of Pift'ot and by Gondinet and Philippe Gille, adapted
Pagiu afterwards at Padua of Tartiui and

;
at Parma of Traetta iu composition. In

1772 he went with Guglielmi to London,
where he conducted the orchestra of the
Italian Opera for three years, then returned
to Paris, and in 1779 assumed the direction
of the Concert Spirituel and iu 1781 that
of the Comedie Italienne. In 1790-1800
he was chef d'orchestre of the Thi'atre de
Monsieur, conjointly with Puppo, but lost
his place when was consolidated
that theatre
with the Theatre Favart. In 1802, on the
reorganization of the Conservatoire, he lost
his appointment as professor of violin and
bt'came second violinist at the Opera, but
becoming deaf iu 1813, passed his last years
in poverty. Works : Collection of sonatas
for violin (Paris) ; 12 church concertos, 7
collections of sonatas, and 3 of duos for the
violin. — Ft'tis ; Mendel.
LAISSE-MOI CONTEMPLER TON
VISAGE. See Faust, Gounod.
LAJARTE, THEODORE (fiDOUAJlD
DLTAURE) DE, born at Bordeaux, July
10, 1826, still living, 1889. Dramatic
composer and writer on music, pupil of from the romance " Le mariage de Loti,"
Graff on the pianoforte and violin, and at music by Leo Delibes, first represented at
LALA^'DE
the Opi'ra Comique, Paris, April 1-i, 1883. ere's Mulicertc Or nous dites, a Christmas- ;
Scene in India. Characters represented .song GO motets for chorus and orchestra. ;
Lakme, daughter of Nilakantlia Nilakan- ; —

Clement, Mus. celebres, 41 Fi'tis do., ; ;
tha, a Brahmin priest Gerald, an English Supplement, ii. CG ilendel Schilling.

; ; ;
oflScer, lover of Lakmi- Frederick, a brother

; L.ALLA ROUKH, opera in two acts, text
oflScer ; Mallika, slave of Lakme Hadji, by Hippolyte Lucas and Michel Carre, from
;
do.; Ellen, Rose, and Mrs. Benson, English Thomas Moore's poem "Lalla Rookh," mu-
women. Gerald makes love to Lakme, is sic by Felicien David, first represented at
stabbed by the fanatical father, is boi-ue by the Opera Comique, Paris, May 12, 1862 ;
Lakme and Hadji to a concealed hut in the revived in November, 1876. It is one of
forest, where he recovers, and is found by David's best operas. Published by Schott
Frederick, who informs him that he must (Mainz, 1863). Clement et Larousse, 393. —
rejoin his regiment. He is freed from L.ALO, £D0UAED, born about 1831,
hisdilemma in the struggle between love still living, 1889. Vi-
and duty by Lakmi', who eats of a poi- olinist, pupil at the
sonous flower and, to the relief of her Conservatoire, Lille, of
parent, goes to Brahma. The title-role Baumann. He went
was sung in Paris by IMarie Van Zandt. to Paris about 1858,
The opera was given in New York by the played there in cham-
American Opera Comjâny, March 1, 188G, ber concerts, and de-
with Pauline L'AUemand as Lakmo. The voted himself mostly
score is published by Heugel (Paris). Mus. to the comjiosition of —
Wocbenblatt (1884)", 632 Krehbiel, Eeview orchestral works.
;
(1885-80, 153. Works : Fiesque, opera, accepted in Paris

lal.v:nde, :michel eichard de, and Bnissels, but never performed Le lloi ;
bom in Paris, Dec. d'Ys, opera, Paris, May 7, 1888 Ehapsodie ;
15, 1657, died norvegienne, for orchestra ; Divertissement

there, June 18, for do.; Allegro symphonique, for do.; 2 vio-
1726. Organist lin concertos ; String quartet in E-flat, op.
and church com- 19 ; Symphonic espagnole, for violin and or-
poser, pupil of chestra, op. 21 ; 2 trios ; Sonatas and other
Chapei'on on the pieces for pianoforte and strings ; Concerto
pianoforte, violin, for violoncello ; Songs. — Fetis, Supplement,
and in composi- ii. 66 ; Eiemann.
tion. About 1675 LALOLTLTTE (Lallouette), JEAN FE.VN-
he was appointed organist to four churches ^'OIS, bom in Paiis
in Paris and music-master to the royal in 1651, died at Ver-
princesses, daughters of Louis XTV'., and in sailles, Sept. 1, 1728.
1683 was made chef de musique in the Violinist, pupil at
Eoj-al Chapel. He was a gi-eat favourite the Maitrise Saint-
with the king, who bought from his widow Eustache of Guy-
his church compositions, left in manuscript, Leclerc, and later
for 40,000 livi-es. Works: de la Ballet of Lulli in composi-

Jeuuesse, divertissement, Versailles, 1686 ;
tion. He was first
L'amour flcchi par la Constance, pastorale, yiolin, then chef

Fontainebleau, 1G97 Les folies de Cai'de-
;
d'orchestre at the
nio, ballet, Tuileries, 1720 Les elements, ; Opera he was mai-
until 1684. From 1693
ballet (with Destouches) Music to Moli- ; tre de cbapelle of the metropolitan church
LA LUNA
at Rouen, and in 1695 at tlio Churcli of ples about 1790 L' amante schernito, ;
Notre Dame, at Versailles. Works Several Orfeo, Italy, about the end of the 18th
:
ballets and intermezzos, which remain in century Masses and other church music ; ;
; —
manuscript Motets and a Miserere. Fotis. Symjjhouies Concertos, quintets, quartets, ;
LA LUNA IMMOBILE. See MefiMofde. and trios for strings Sonatas for jnano- ;
L.AMAKE, JACQUES IVnCHEL HUEEL forte. Fetis Mendel. — ;
DE, born in Paris, ]\Iay 1, 1772, died at LAMBETH, HENRY ALBERT, born at
Caen, March 27, 1823. mu- Hardway, near Gosport, Hants, England,
Violoncellist,
sic page to the king, and pupil of Dupont Jan. 16," 1822, still living, 1889. Organist,
;
member in 1794-1800 of the orchestra at pupil of Thomas Adams. He went in 1853

the Theatre Feydeau ;
where he was conductor of the
was professor of vio- to Glasgow,
loncello at the Conservatoire, but resigned Glasgow Choral Union in 1859-80 organ- ;
in 1801 to make a concert tour in Germany ist and conductor at the Park Church or- ;
and Russia, where he remained until 1809, ganist to Corporation of Glasgow and con- ;
when he returned to Paris. "Works Un- ductor of various choirs. Works Bow : :
der his name have appeared concertos, down Thine ear, cantata By the Waters of ;
duets, and variations for violoncello, but Babylon, do. The Scottish Book of Praise, ;
they ai'e said to have been written by Au- edited with D. Baptie (1870) Arrange- ;
ber, who was then unwilling to be known ments of Scotch songs for choral purposes ;
as a composer. —
Fetis Mendel Schilling. Songs, part-songs, pianoforte pieces, ar-
; ;
LA^MBERT, GEORGE JACKSON, born rangements, etc.

at Beverley, York, England, Nov. 16, 1794, LA:MBILL0TTE, Pere LOUIS, bom at
died there, Jan. 21, 1880. Organist, pujail Charleroi, Hainaut, March 27, 1797, died
of his father, afterwards in Loudon of Lyon at Vaugirard, France, Feb. 27, 1855. Or-
and Dr. Crotch. He
succeeded his father ganist and church composer, and didactic
at an early age he became organist
as organist at the jsrincipal church of Bev- writer ;
erley. Works Septet and 3 trios for piin his native town, then at Dinant-sur-la-
:
anoforte and strings Sonatas for iiiano- Meuse, and in 1822 maitre de chajselle in
;
forte. — Fetis. the Jesuits' College at Saint-Acheul. In

LAMBERT, IVHCHEL, Vivonne 1825 he joined the Order of Jesus, and,
born at
(Poitou) in 1610, died in Paris in 1696. after having been ordained priest, lived al-
Virtuoso on the lute and theorbo went to ternately in the convents at Saint-Acheul,
;
Paris when very young and became music Freiburg in Switzerland, Aix, Savoy, Bruge-
page to Gaston d'Orloans, brother of Louis lette, Brieg, and Vaugirard. Works 4 :
Xm.; received lessons from de Niel, or de masses with organ and orchestra Motets, ;
Niert, and was very celebrated as a singing hymns, canticles, and other churcli music ;
master. He was appointed, about 16.50, Fugues for the organ. Fetis, ii. 70 Men- — ;
master of chamber music to Louis XIV. del.

Works Airs et brunettes (1666 2d ed.,
: LA]\IENTATI0NS, symphony in D minor,
;
1689) Airs et dialogues (1698).—Fetis

; by Haydn, composed in 1772. It received
;
Mendel Riemann. ; its name from the theme of the Adagio,

LAMBERTL LUIGI, born at Savona, Lamentationes Jeremiaj. I. Allegro assai
Italy, Oct. 22, 1769, died (?). Dramatic con spirito H. Adagio HI. ]\Ienuett IV. ; ; ;
composer, pupil of Mariani, whom he suc- Presto assai. Pohl, Haydn, ii. 203. —
ceeded as choirmaster at the cathedral of LAMPE, GEORG FRIEDEICH, born
his native town. In 1806 he went to Paris, at Wolfenbiittel in 1744, died at Schwedt,
—
where he still lived in 1812. Works Ope- beginning of the 19th century. Dramatic
ras : I due fratelli originali, given in Na- composer appeared as a tenor singer in ;
LAMPE
Hamburg in 1779, went to Scliwedt in 1788 conductor of the Italian Opera in London
;
as member of the Court Theatre, retii-ed the date of his return to Milan is unknown.
after some years, and devoted himself to Works Operas Ezio, given in Venice, — :
teaching and composition. Works Op- — 1737 Angelica e Medoro, ib., 1738 De-
; ;
eras : Das Miidchen im Eichthale, Die mofoonte, Piacenza, 1738 Candace, Venice, ;
Liebe, given about the end of the 18th cen- 1740 Roxana, London, 1743 Alfonso, ib.,
; ;
tury Cantatas, symi)honies, and other or-

; 1744 ;Alceste, ib., 1745 Tigrane, ib., ;
chestral works, and many pieces for various 1747 Alessandro in Persia, 1748 La scu-
; ;
instruments. — Futis ; Mendel. ola delle cantatrici ; L' Olimpiade, about

LAMPE, JOHANN FBIEDRICH, born in 1750 ; Siroe, Milan, 1755 ; Arta.ser.se, 1757 ;
Saxony, or at Helm- Amor coutadino, Lodi, 17GC Symphonies ; ;
stadt, Brunswick (?), Church music. — Fetis ; Mendel Schilling ;

;
in 1703, died in Ed- Burney, iv. 450.

inburgh, July 23, LANCTIN, CHARLES FRANgOIS
1751. He went to HONORE, called Duquesnoy, born at Beau-
England about 1725, vais (Oise), May 18, 1758, died in Brussels,
and became musi- May 9, 1822. He was a singer for a long
cian at the Opera in time at the theatre iu Brussels, and iu 1799
London ; visited -1802 iu Hamburg was music director
; sev-
Dublin iu 1748, and eral years in Alost, and from 1814 in Brus-
Edinburgh iu 1750. sels. Works Almanzor, ou le triomphe de
:
Works — Operas: la gloire, opera-ballet, Brussels, 1787 Le ;
Ameha, 1732 The Dragon of Wantley, mystificateur mystifie, ojsera-comique, ib.,

;
1737 Margery, or A Worse Plague than 1789 Le prix des arts, ou la fete flamande,
; ;
the Dragon, 1738 Roger and Joan, 1739 ojjera,

; ib., 1791 Le voeu des Muses ; ;
Pyramus and Thisbe, 1745 Music for the reconuaissantes, cantata, Hamburg, 1795
;
masque. The Sham Conjurer A cantata Psalms Motets ;

; ; ; Hymns. — Fetis ; do.. Sup-
Songs A Plain and Compendious Method plement, ii. 72.
;
of teaching Thorough-Bass (1737) The Ai-t LANDI, STEFFANO, bom in Rome

;
of Musick (1740).— Mendel Fetis Schil- about the end of the IGth century, died
; ;
ling Grove.
; about 1G40. Composer of church music,
LAMPERT, ERNST, born at Gotha, July and chantrj'-priest in the Papal Chapel. He
3, 1818, died there, June 17, 1879. Pian- lived till 1629 in Padua as maestro di cap-
ist, jjupil of Hummel in Weimar, and of pella at the churches Del Santo and Santa
Spohr and Haujitmann in Cassel. After his Maria iu Moute. Works Sant' xVlessio, mu- :
return to Gotha he was appointed chamber sical drama La morte d' Orfeo, pastorale ; ;
musician in 1842, Conzertmeister in 1844, Missa iu benedictioue nuptiai-um Psalms for ;
and Hof-Kapellmeister in 1855. Works 4 voices Madrigals for 4-5 voices Collec- ;
;
Operas Nanon, Ninon, Maintenon, comic tion of masses for 4-5 voices a cappella
: ;
opera, given in Gotha, 1841 Dido, ib., Poesie diverse in musica 8 collections of
; ;
1845 Overtures
; Cantatas Quartets for songs and duets. Fetis Mendel Riemann.
; ;
— ; ;
strings, and various pieces for pianoforte. LANDING OF THE PILGRIM FA-
— Fetis do.. Supplement Mendel.
; THERS, THE, cantata, text the poem by
;
la:\ipugn.ani, Giovanni battista, Mrs. Felicia Hemaus, music by Otto Singer,

born in Milan in 170G, died there about written iu 187G, aud first sung in that year
1773. Dramatic composer, lived for some by the Cinciuuati Harmonic Society, then
time iu his native city as instnictor, espe- conducted by the composer. Upton, Stand- —
cially of vocal music, and iu 1743 became ard Cantatas, 325.
LANDLICIIE
LANDLTCHE HOCHZEIT
(Country Gustav Satter. His talent was precocious,
WedcHnj;), by Karl Goklmark, and he entered upon
sj-mislioiiy, his career as pianist,
op. 20, first performed in Vienna, March church organist, and
12, 187G. Given by the Pbilliarmonic So- teacher at the age of
ciety, New York, iu the season of 187G-77 ;
fifteen. In 1855 he
at the Crystal Palace, London, March went abroad, studied
2, 1878. i. Moderato niolto (Wedding- composition in Ber-
March, with variations) IT. Allegretto ; lin and elsewhere,
(Bridal Song) III Allegretto moderato
; and continued his
scherzando (Serenade) IV. Andante (In ;
pianoforte practice
the Garden) V. Finale, Allegro molto
;
under Liszt's direc-
(Dance). Published by Schott (Mainz, tion. In 18G9 ho
187G).—Mus. Wochenblatt (187G), 353 made a second visit
;
Athenicum (1878), i. 325 Upton, Standard to Europe, giving concerts with success
;
Symphonies, lAG Bayreuther Bliitter iu Berlin, Vienna,

; and Dresden. Since
(1880), 81. 1852 he has been successively organist at
LANG, ADOLF, born at Thorn, Prussia, Dr. Neale's church iu Somerset Street,
June 10, 1830, still living, 1889. Violinist, Boston, the Old South Church, for twen-
pupil of David, Mendelssohn, and Haupt- ty years at the South Congregational
maim from 1841 till 1817 at the Couserva- Chui-ch, and now at King's Chapel. He
torium, Leijisic was appointed first vioUu has also been for many years organist of
;
in 1851, and Kapellmeister in 1851, of the the Handel & Haydn Society. He was an
Fricdrich-Wilhehnstiidtisches Theater, Ber- influential member of the Concert Com-
lin, then devoted himself to compo.sition. mittee of the Harvard Musical Associa-
Works : Several operettas Overtures tion during the seventeen years in which
; ;
Marches Songs.
; —
Fetis, Sujjplement, ii. it gave symphony concerts, and has been
72; Mendel. conductor of the Apollo Club and the Ce-
LANG, ALEXANDER, born at Eatisbou, cilia since their formation, besides giving
March G, 180G, died at Erlangen, Feb. 18, many orchestral, choral, and chamber con-
1837. Amateur pianist, first pupil of Choir- certs on his own account. As pianist and
master Braig in his native town then con- ; conductor he has brought out in Boston
tinued his study of music while studying more works of importance than any other
law at the Universities of Erlangen and resident musician among these may be
;
Heidelberg. He was appointed professor mentioned esiêeially Mendelssohn's Wal-

at the University of Erlangen, and institut- purgisnacht, and Berlioz's Damnation de
ed there in 1831 the Ciicilia music soci- Faust, besides the various larger cantatas
ety, which he conducted until his death. given by the Cecilia and the Apollo Club.
Works Concerto for pianoforte and orches- He is in great demand as a teacher, and
:
tra Variations for pianoforte and strings

; has formed many excellent jnipils. Al-
;
Quartet for strings Duo for jjianoforte though in no sense a Wagnerian, he was on
;
and guitar Many pieces for pianoforte terms of intimacy with Wagner both at
;
;
—
Songs. Fotis Mendel. ; Triebsclien and Bayreuth, and was actively
LANG, BENJAMIN JOHNSON, born, of instrumental in raising funds in Boston for
American parents, iu Salem, Massachusetts, the first Bayreuth Festival in 1876. His
Dec. 28, 1837, still living, 1889. He stud- works, which are as yet all in MS., comprise
ied the pianoforte under his father, an oran oratorio, David several symphonies and ;
ganist in Salem, then under Francis G. Hill, overtures for orchestra and a large num- ;
of Boston, and later under Alfred Jaell and ber of compositions in almost every form of
LAXG
cburcli,chamber, ami pianofoi'te music, be- Liischhorn, G. Schumann, anil Grell in Ber-
sides many
sougs. Of these about one lin. He played iu concerts with great suc-
hundred and fifty works of church music and thence devoted himself
cess in 1860-70,
(Te Deum, Anthems, etc.), and a few sougs more especially to composition.
His works,
and fugitive pianoforte pieces, have been comprising original pieces and many fan-
performed. His daughter, Margaret Ruth- tasias, transcriptions, etc., for pianoforte in
ven Lang (born iu Boston, Nov. 27, 18G7, salon style, numbering more than two hun-
still Hviug, 1889), is on the piano-
his pupil dred and fifty, became, for the gi-eater part,
forte, and has studied under Schmidt iu very popular. — Mendel.
Boston, and Drechsler and Abel in Munich, LANGE (Langius), HIERONYMUS
for the violin, and under Gluth of Munich GEORG, born at Havelberg, Brandenburg,
for compositiou. She has published some first half of the 16th century, died iu Bres-
excellent songs, and has other works iu va- lau. May 1, 1587. He was Cantor at Frank-
rious forms iu ]\1S. Several of her songs fort-ou-the-Oder, and was one of the most
and a part-song have been sung iu public learned musicians of his time. Works :
iu Boston. Cantiones sacrte for 4-8 voices (Nuremberg,

LAN'G, JOSEPHINE, born Munich,
in 1580, 1584) ; Triciuia (Erfurt, 1618).— Fe-
March 14, 1815, died at Tubingen, Dec. 3, tis Mendel Gerber.
; ;
1880. Dramatic singer and vocal compos- L.ANGE, JOSEPH, born at Wiirzburg,
er, daughter and pupil of the famous singer April 1, 1751, died iu Vieuna, Sept. 18,
Kegina Hitzelberger Lang, and pupil of 1831. Dramatic composer, studied music
Frau Berlinghof- Wagner, and iu theory of iu Vienna, devoted himself in 1770 to the
Mendelssohn, who S25eak3 highly of her iu stage, and was engaged at the court thea-
his letters. She taught singing and jiiano- tre iu Vienna, where he became a public
forte and sang iu the court chapel at Mu- favourite. Works Adelheid von Ponthieu,
:
nich, and in 1842 married Professor KiJstlin opei-etta, given iu severalGerman theatres,
of Tiibiugeu, after whose death, in 1856, she 1796.
taught music again. Her number-
sougs, LANGE, SATtlUEL DE. See De Lange.
ing about 40 works, rank very high. She LANGER, FERDINAND, bom at Lei-
has also comjjosed some pianoforte pieces. men, near Heidelberg, iu 1839, still living,
— Sammlung mus. Vortrage, iii. 49 HiUer, 1889. Violoncellist and dramatic composer,
;
Touleben, ii. IIG Riemaun, 502 Grove, mostly self-taught afterwards, as violoncel-
; ; ;
ii. 89. list of the court orchestra at Mannheim, pu-
LANGDON, RICHARD, born in Exeter, pil of Hetsch in theory. Since 1868 he has
England, about 1735 (?), died there, Sei> been music director of the court theatre
teraber, 1803. Organist of Exeter Cathe- at Mannheim. Works Operas Die ge- — :
dral 1770-77, of Bristol Cathedral iu fiihrliche Nachbai'schaft, given at !Mann-

in
1777-82, and of Armagh Cathedral in 1782 heim, June, 1868 DornrOschen, ib., ^lareh ;
-94. Mus. Bac, Oxford, 1761. Works: 18, 1873 AschenbrOdel, ib., July 7, 1878
; ;
Twelve Songs and two Cantatas (London, Murillo, three acts, Mannheim, 1887, re-
n. d.) Twelve Glees for three and four written and given, ib., Sept. 16, 1888. Fotis,
; —
voices (ib., 1770) ;Divine Hai-mony, Collec- Supplement, ii. 73 Jlendel Riemaun. ; ;
tion in Score of Psalms and Anthems (ib., LANGERT, AUGUST, born at Coburg in
1774) Anthems, etc.
; —
Brown. 1830, still li^ng, 1889. Dramatic composer,
LANGE, GUSTAV, born at Schwerstedt, from 1860 Kapellmeister at the theatres of
near Erfurt, Prussia, Aug. 13, 1830, still Coburg, :Mannheim (1865), Basel (1807).
living, 1889. Pianist, pupil of his father, of and Trieste (1S68) then lived at Coburg, ;
Kribitzsch, and Gebhardi at Ei-furt, and of Paris, and Berlin became iu 1872 instrac-
;
LANGHANS
Geneva and in de Chant etde Declamation in 1784-91, and
tor at the Conservatoire in
1873 Hof-KupcUmeister at Gotlia. Works librarian and professor of harmony at the
— Operas Die Jungfrau von Orleans, given Paris Cousei-vatoire.
:
Works Operas —
at Coburg, 1801 Des Siiugers Fluch, ib., Oreste et Tyndare (1783) Antiochus et
;
;
1803 Dona Maria, lufautiu von Spanien, Stratonice, given at Versailles, 1780 Cori-
; ;
Darmstadt, 1800 Die Fabier, Coburg,

; sandre.Academic Eoyale de Musique, 1791 ;
1800, Berlin, 1808 Dorur(')Scben, Leipsic,

;
Soliman et Eronime, ou Mahomet H.,
1871 Jean Cavalier, Coburg, 1880 rewrit-
; ; (1792) La mort de Lavoisier (1794)
; Le ;
ten, and given as Die Camisardeu, ib., Dec. choix d'Alcide (1801) Medee L'auberge ; ;
15, 1887.— Fotis ; Mendel ; Eiemann. des volontaires Taucrede Les vengeances.
; ;
LANGHANS, WILHELM, born in Ham- Cantatas ; Motets ; Monologues of Alcide,

burg, Sept. 21, 1832, still living, Vio- of Sai^ho, and of Circe
1889. symphonies. ;
linist and writer on music. While at the Theoretical works Tx-aite d'harmonie et de :
Johauneum, Hamburg, he was taught mu- la modulation (Paris, 1797) Traite de la ;
sic, then studied in 1849-52 under David basse sous le chant (ib., 1798) Nouvelle ;
and Eichter at the Conservatorium in Leip- methode pour chififrer les accords (ib.,
sic, and was admitted to the orchestra of 1801) Traite de la fugue (ib., 1805).— Fe-
;
the Gewandhaus and the theatre. He went tis Eiemann Mendel Gerber
; Schil- ; ; ;
repeatedly to Paris, to study under Alard ling. ;
was Conzertmeister in Diisseldorf in 1857- LANGUE, GEME, duet in E minor, for

GO, appeared at concerts in Hamburg, 1800, sojsrano and alto, by Handel, No. 13 of the
in Paris, 1803, and in 1809 at Heidelberg, Chamber Duets (Hiludelgesellschaft, vol.
where he was made Doctor by the university. 32B). Published separately, with addi-
In 1871 he settled in Berlin, devoting himself tional accomjjaniments by Eobert Franz
to teaching, composition, and musical criti- (Leipsic, Kistner).
cism. In 187-4 he was ai:)poiuted professor of LANliEE (Lanier, Lanieri), NICHOLAS,
the history of music at the Neue Akademie born in Italy
der Tonkunst, and in 1881 at Scharwenka's about 1588, died
new Conservatorium. Honorary member in London in
of the Musical Academies, Florence (1878), 1005-1070. Son
and Eome (1887). Works
Quartet for
: of Jerome Lanieri,
strings (prize, 1804, by the Societa del Quar- who emigrated
tetto in Florence) ; 20 etudes for viohn ;
from Italy to Eng-
Sonata for violin ; Duo for violin and jDiano- land. His name
forte ; Two sonatinas for jiianoforte Par-
; first appears as a
erga, a collection of songs. He published composer and
Die Geschichte der Musik des 17, 18, vmd singer in a masque performed 1014 at in
19 Jahrhunderts (1882-80), as a sequel to the English court. He wrote the music for
the history of music by Ambrps. Fetis —
masque by Ben Jouson, jslayed in 1017,
; a
Mendel Eiemann.
; and in it first introduced the recitative style
LANGLE, HONOEfi FEANgOIS MA- into English comisositions. He was also an
EIE, born at ^Monaco in 1741, died at Vil- expert in painting and engraving, and was
liers-le-Bel, near Paris, Sept. 20, 1807. Pu- sent by Charles I. to Italy in 1625, and again
pil of Caffaro at the Conservatorio della in 1627, to buy pictures. In 1026 he was
Pieta in Najjles was music director at appointed Master of the King's Musick, and
;
Genoa, and in 1708 went to Paris, where he in 1030 first marshal of the corporation of
devoted himself to teaching and composi- musicians lost both the appointments dur- ;
tion. He was teacher in the Ecole Eovale ing the Eevolution, and regained them ou
LAXXEli
the accession of Charles Works
returned to Styria in 1806, and from
11. : Music He
for masques ; Pastoral on the birtli of Prince
1813 lived alternately there and in Vienna,
Charles Funeral hynjn for Charles L New where he was director of the Conservatorium
; ;
Year's Songs. Songs and other jjieces by in 1830-35. Works Ojêras Margaretha, — :
him are in the British liluseum MSS., and oder die Rjiuber, given in Gratz, 1814, Vi-
and enna, 1819 Die Morlaken, Gratz, 1817
in the collections, Select Musicall Aj-res ;
Dialogues (1G53, 1G59) The Musical Com- Libussa, Briinn, 1819. Melodi-amas
; Eiu :
panion (1667) The Treasury of Musick Uhr, Vienna, 1822 Kiitly, ib., 1827
; Der ; ;
(1669) ; and Choice Ayres and Songs (16S5). !MiJrder ; Emmy Teels ; Die beiden Galleer-
—Fetis ; Kiemann ; Granger, Biogr. His- ensclaven ; Der Lowe von Florenz ; Der
tory of England, 107 Burney, Hist, of schwarze Aba, all represented, in 1823-30,
ii. ;
Music, ii. 346 Hawkins, do., iii. 380.

;
on different stages in Vienna and Germany.
L.\NNER, JOSEPH (FRANZ KAEL), !Music to the drama Czar Iwan 2 symjDho- ;
born in Vienna, April nies Overtures Solos for various instru- ; ;
12, 1801, died at ments, with orchestra ;

Quintet for piano-
Oberdobling, near forte and wind instruments Grand trio for ;
Vienna, April Ii, pianofoi-te, clarinet, and violoncello So- ;
1843. Composer of natas for pianoforte and violin Sonatas, ;
dance music, self- rondos, variations, and other pieces for

taught on the violin pianoforte. Fttis — Mendel Schilling
; ;
;
and in composition ;
Wurzbach.
played at first in an LANZELOT (Launcelot), heroic opera, in
amateur quartet, in three acts, by Reinhold L. Herman, written
which Strauss, his fu- in 1880, in MS. The introduction and
ture rival, suiDplied some scenes from opera were given at
this
the viola, and which gradually assumed the the Liederkranz concert, Steinway Hall,
proportions of a full orchestra, being much New York, April 22, 1888.
in demand in he
places ofL.\,NZI, PETRONIO, born in Bologna,
amusement ;
conducted the court balls alternately with Italy, first half of the 18th centui-j'. Church
Strauss. He was appointed Kapellmeister composer, pupil of Predieri was maestro di ;
of the 2d Biii-ger regiment. He created cappella in his native city, and twice presi-
the modern Vienna waltz, which formerly dent of the Accademia Filarmonica. In hon-
had been only a short piece of dance mu- our of his second election, in 1770, a mass
sic. Works A symphony Overtures of his composition was performed in the
: ;
;
Galops ;
Quadrilles ^Marches Polkas Church of S. Giovanni in Monte, which was
; ;
Waltzes. Other compositions, in all about highly commended by Burney in his mu-
210.— Wurzbach, xiv., 134; Allgem.d. Biogi-., sical journey in Italy. No other woi-ks by
xvii. 698 Mendel FC-tis.
;
him are known. Fetis Mendel Schilling.
;
— ; ;
LANNOY, fiDOUAED, Baron DE, born LAPICIDA, ERASMUS, born in the sec-
in Brussels, Dec. 3, 1787, died in Vienna, ond half of the 15 th century. Church com-
March 29, Dramatic composer and
18.53. poser, well known in his time, as he was
writer on music began his studies at Gratz,
; often called Rasmo simply, or his name in-
Styria, whither his parents had emigrated ;

dicated only by the initials E. L. Neither
returned to Brussels in 1801, continued his the land of bis birth nor anything of his
studies at the Lycee there, then in Paris, life is known ; his name is evidently latin-
becoming proficient in jurisprudence, phi- ized from stonecutter. His compo-sitions
losophy, mathematics, philology, on several are to be found in Petrucci's Jlotetti B
musical instruments, and iu composition. (1503), Frottole (1507), Motetti a quattro
LAPIS
voci (1507), and Lamcntazloiii (150G) in LARUE (La Rue), PIERRE (Pierchon) ;
Petrejus's Auszug giiter alter imd iieuer DE, born in Picardj', lived in the latter part
(leutscher Liedlein (1539) iu G. Rbaw's of the 15th and early part of the 16th cen-
;
Sympliouire jucunclse (1538), etc. Fetis tury. —

He is sometimes designated by the ;
lliemanii. Latin name Petrus Platensis, and by the

LAPIS, SANTO, bom iu Bologna, Italy, Italians is called Picrson, Pierzon, Perisone,
beginning of the 18th ceutury, died after and Pierazon de la Ruellicu. He was a
1762 (?). Dramatic composer lived mostlj' contemporarj' of Josquin Despres, and a iû-
;
iu Venice, teaching the mandolin and sing- pil of Okeghem. In 1492-1510 he was a
ing went, about 1762, to Amsterdam in singer of the chapel at the court of Bur-
;
quest of a iiermanent situation, but after a gundj-, in 1501 he held a prebend at Cour-
short absence went back to Italy. "Works trai, and later another iu the Church of Saiut- :
La generosita di Tiberio, ojiera, given in Aubin of Namur, which he resigned iu 1510.

Venice, 1729 La fede in cimeuto, do., ib., Fetis sujiposes that he then became a canon
;
1730 6 trios for violin and flute G duets of some collegiate church until liis death.
; ;
for voices, and 2 collections of French He appears to have been in high favour
—
chansons. Fetis Mendel Gerber Schil- with Margaret of Austria, who h.ad some of
; ; ;
ling. his compositions embodied in sumptuous

LAPPE, PAUL, dramatic composer, mem- manuscripts. He was a master of musical
ber of the ducal orchestra at Schwerin, knowledge, and his works show a deep and
about 1840. Works: Die Obotriten, ojiera, earnest spirit. Works 5 masses, printed :
given at the court theatre of Schwerin, by Petrueci in 1513 and entitled, Beatre
1840 ;Petermiinnchen, comic opera, ib., Virginis, Puer nobis est, Sexti toni, ut, fa,
1841 Overtures Entr'actes for dramas
; ; L'homme arme, and Nunquam fuit poena ;
Ballet music Symphonies Concert-pieces major A mass, De Sancto Antonio, in Pe-

; ; ;
for various instruments Songs. Fctis trucci's; —

Missse diversorum (1508) Ave ;
;
Mendel. Maria, and O salutaris hostia, in Liber

LAPPL PIETRO, Italian church com- quindecim missarum (Rome, 1516) Cum ;
poser of the 17th century, born in Florence. jocunditate, O gloriosa, and De Sancto
In 1601 he was maestro di cappella of S. Antonio, in Misste tredecim (Nuremberg,
JI. delle Grazie, Brescia. Works Masses 1539) Tous les regrets, in Liber quindecim
: ;
for 8 voices (Venice, 1601-7) Masses for missarum (ib., 1538) A mass in Petrucci's
; ;
3-5 choruses (ib., 1616) Litanie della Missre Antonii de Feviu (1515).
; The fol-
Madonna for 4-8 voices ; Salmi concertati lowing are in manuscript: A beautiful
for 5 voices (ib., 1600) ; Sacrte melodiaj volume in the Brussels Library, containing
(Frankfort, 1621 Antwerp, 1622) ; Ro- seven masses, De concejDtione Virginis Ma-
;
sarium musicale, containing a magnificat, a ripe, Ista est speciosa, De doloribus, Pas-
mass, Te Deum, ^jsalms, and litanies for 2 chale, Ave sanctissima Maria, De sancta
and 3 choruses (Venice, 1639). —Fotis cruce, and De feria a volume in the ar-
;
Mendel Gerber
; ; Schilling. chives of Mechlin, containing Fors seule-
L.\RA, overture in E minor, on Byron's ment, Resurrexit, Sine nomine, De sancta
poem, by Johann H. Beck, first performed cruce. Super alleluia a manuscript in the ;
iu Boston, Massachusetts, June 30 and Brussels Library with two De sejatem dolo-
July 2, 1886. Not publislied. ribus, one being like that in the first manu-
LARGO AL FACTOTUM. See R Barbi- script mentioned, and a Stabat Jlater do-
ere di Siviglia. lorosa a mauuscrij)t in the Papal Chapel ;
LA RIVEDRA NELL' ESTASL See in Rome with two masses, L' amour de moy,
II Ballo iu ]\Iaschera. and O gloriosa Margarita in the Munich ;
LAllUETTE
Librarj' two masses, Cum jucunditate, and forte and strings ; 2 collections of sonatas
Pro defunctis, besides a Credo, 5 Salve l{e- for pianoforte ; Method for the organ. Fe-
giua, and several songs, altogether 2t) dif- tis ; Mendel ; Schilling.
ferent masses being known Motets Salve ; ; LASCIA CH' 10 PIANGA, soprano aria
Regina in Petrucci's Motetti della Corona of Almii-ena, in F major, with accompani-
(Venice, 1505) Lauda anima mea Domi-
; ment of 2 oboes, strings complete, and con-
num, in Nuremburg collection (15G4) Songs ; tinuo, in Handel's liadamisto. Act H., Scene
in Petrucci's Harmonica musices Odhecatou 4. Meyerbeer's additional accompaniments
(Venice, 1501), and in Rliaw's Bicinia (1545) to this air introducesome ungrammatical
and Madrigali a quattro voci mutate, under harmony, quite unauthorized by the orig-
the name of Perisoue (Venice, 1511). — Fctis inal score.
Kiemaun Mendel Ambros, Geschichte dcr ;
LASSEN, EDUARD, bom
;
in Copen-
Musik, iii. 231. hagen, April 13, , _,.
LARUETTE, JEAN LOUTS, bom at 1830, still living,
Toulouse, March 27, 1731, died there, Jan- 1889. Dramatic
uary, 1792. Dramatic composer, and iu composer entered ;
1752-79 actor at the Opera Comique and the Brussels Con-

the Comcdie Italienne, Paris. He passed sei-vatoire iu 1842,
the last years of his life iu his native city. received first prize
AVorks — Operas: Le docteur Sangrado, for pianoforte play-
given at the Opci'a Comique, 1758 L'heu- ; ing in 1844, for har-
reux deguisement. Theatre de la Foire Saint- mony iu 1847, later
Laurent, 1758 Le medecin de I'amour, ib.,
; the second composi-
1758 L'ivrogne corrige, ib., 1759
; Cen- ; tion prize, and in
drillon. Opera Comique, 1759 Le drpit ; 1851 the grand government prize. He then
genereux, Comedie Italienne, 1761 Le Gui ; travelled through Germany and Italy, and
de Chcno, ib., 1763 Les deux comjjores,
Silent some time in Rome.
; In 1858 he was
ib.,1772 La fausse aventuriere (with other appointed court music director in Weimar,
;
composers?). Opera Comique, 1757. Fctis —

and on the retirement of Liszt, iu 1861, suc- ;
do., Supplrment, ii. 76 Mendel. ceeded him as Hof-Kapellmeister. He pro-

;
LASCEUX, GUILLAmiE, born at Pois- duced there Tristan und Isolde in 1874, when
sy (Seine-et-Oise), France, Feb. 3, 1740, only the Munich Theatre had dared to repre-
died in Paris, 1829. Organist studied in sent it. He is an eminent conductor, and to
;
his native town, and became organist at his eflforts is due much of the high position
Chevreuse at the age of eighteen. In 1762 Weimar holds in the musical world. Works
he went to Paris, where for five years he -Operas Landgraf Ludwigs Brautfahrt, — :
was a jnipil of Noblet, and in 1769 became given in Weimar, 1857 Frauenlob, ib., ;
organist iu the Churches of Saint-Etienne Le captif, Brussels, 1865, and in

1860 ;
du Mont and the Seminaire de Saint-Ma- German at Weimar, 1868 Music to Oedi- ;
gloire. Later he succeeded teacher pus in Kolouos, Weimar, 1874, to Faust, ib.,
his
Noblet as organist in the Churches des 1876, to Hebbel's Nibelungeu, and to a play
Mathurins and of the College de Navarre.
Works : 3 operas-comiques, given in sev-
eral theatres in Paris,1789 ]\Iesse solen-
nelle with orchestra, performed in Saint-
;
f.^^
<Cu^^^-^^^
Geiwais, 1804 2 masses Te Deum
; Suite ; ;
de Noels varies Hymnes de loflSce de la by Calderon

; 2 symphonies Overtures ; ; ;
FC'te-Dicu, for organ 3 quartets for piano- To Deum, for choras and orchestra
;
Can- ;
LASSER
tatas ; Choi-uses for male voices, and many LASSO, ORLANDO (real name Roland
songs. — Ft'tis ; do., Suppluraent, ii. 78 ;
Delattre, but variously given as Roland
Mendel ; lliemann. do Lattre, Orland de
LASSER, JOHANN B.IPTIST, bom at Lassus, Roland Las-
Steinkirchen, Nether Austria, Aug. 12, sus, Orlandus Las-
1751, died at Munich, Oct. 21, 1805. Dra- sus, Orlando di Las-
matic composer studied first in Linz, then ; so, etc.), born at
in Vienna, where he stayed several years, Mons, in the Hai-
teaching music. Having become an excel- nault, in 1520, died
lent singer, he devoted himself to the stage inMunich, June 15,

in 1782, acted in different Austrian towns, 1594. He was a choir-
and was called to Munich in 1791 as court boy at the Church
Binger. Works — Operas : Das wiithende of Saint-Nicolas at Mons, and is said to
Heer, given in Munich about 1792 Die ;
have been kidnapped three times on ac-
gliickliche Maskerade, ib., 1791 Der Ka- ; count of his beautiful voice. In 1532 he
pellmeister, ib., about 1810 Die kluge ; accompanied Ferdinand de Gonzaga, Vice-
Wittwe, 1792 Die unruhige Nacht,
ib., ;
roy of Sicily, to Milan, and thence to Sicily.
ib., 1792 Die Modehiindlerin, ib., 1795
; ;
In 1538 he went to Naples, where he spent
Der Jude Coi'a und Alonzo, ib., about
; about three years in tlie service of the Mar-
the end of the 18th century Die Huldi- ; chese della Terza. In 1541 he was received
gung der Treue, prelude, ib., 1791. Masses, into the household of the Cardinal Arch-
and other church music. He was author bishop of Florence, then living in Rome ;
also of a vocal method. Fetis Mendel — ;

;
he staid six months in the cai'dinal's palace,
Schilling ; Gerber. and then was apjioiuted maestro di cappeUa
LASSO, FERDINAND DI, the elder, at the Basilica of S. Giovanni in Laterano,
born in Munich in 1562, died thei'e, Aug. although only twenty-one yeai-s old. He
27, 1609. Church composer, son and pu- held this post until 1548. Returning to
pil of Orlando Lasso, and pupil of Tosta, Mons, he found that all his near relatives
whom he succeeded, in 1603, as Kapell- were dead, so he set out for England about
meister at the Bavarian court. Works 1554, in company with an Italian nobleman,
Magnificat Cantiones sacrse suavissimse, a
; Giulio Cesare Brancaccio, who introduced
collection of motets (1587). Futis; Men- — him to Cardinal Pole, in whose honour he
del ; Schilling. wrote some music (Grove, ii. 94) then he ;
LASSO, FERDINAND DI, the younger, probably visited France, but did not get as
born in Munich about 1590, died, 1636. far as Paris, and settled before the end of
Church composer, son and pupil of Ferdi- 1554 in Antwerp, where he lived for two
nand the elder. He was sent to Rome, in years in the most brilliant and cultivated
1609, by the Elector of Bavaria, to com- society. In 1557 he was invited to Munich
plete his studies, and returned in 1616 to by Albert V. of Bavaria, whose famous
succeed his father as Kapellmeister, but " Kapelle " he entered. In 1558 he mar-
was dismissed for unknown reasons, re- ried Regina Weckinger, maid of honour at
ceiving at the same time a government the ducal court. From this union sprang
appointment. Works
2 masses for 10 : four sons, Ferdinand, Rudolph, Johannes,
voices ; do. for 3 choirs Stabat Mater for 2 ; Ernst (of whom the first two became mu-
choirs ; Motets, IMisereres, Magnificats for sicians of some note), and two daughters,
8-16 voices ; 2 Te Deuni for 4 choii-s ; Lit- Anna and Regina the latter was married
;
anies ; Psalms, etc. —Futis ; Mendel ; Schil- to Johanu d'Ach, the distinguished court-
ling. painter of Emperor Rudolph II. In 1562
LASSO
he was appointed ducal Kapellmeister in C voc), in Liber missarum quatuor, etc., ib.,
;
the autumn he made a brief visit to Venice Gardano, 15G6 1 Mass, 6 voc. (Congratu- ;
to see about having some compositions pub- lamini), and two, 5 voc. (Domine secundum
lished by Gardano, and went also to Ant- actum meum, and Susan' un iour), in Prse-
werp, partly on similar business, but mainly stantissimorum divinae musices auctorum
to engage the best musicians he could find missse decern, Louvain, Phalesius, 1570 C> ;
for the ]\Iunieh Kapelle. On Dec. 7, 1570, Masses, 5 voc, in Missse aliquot quinque
the Emperor Maximilian U. granted him vocum (part of the Patrocinium musices),
letters of at the Reichstag at
nobility Munich, Adam Berg, 1574 Liber missarum ;
Speier (a copy of the grant is

fae-simile quatuoret quinque vocum, Nuremberg, 1581;
in Brassels, Bibl. de Bourgogne, 1-4, -tOo). Missa; cum eantico Beatic ^laria; octo modis
Soon afterwards he went to Paris, where musieis, Paris, R. Ballard, 1583; Missae decern
he excited the wildest admiration, and was cum quatuor vocibus, Venice, Gardano, 1588 ;
loaded with gifts by Charles IX. The le- 3 Masses in Orlaudi Lassi . . . missse, etc.,
gend that he wrote his Penitential Psalms, liber primus, Milan, heirs of Simone Tiui,
his most famous if not his gi'eatest work, 1588 ; Missa; aliquot quinque vocum (2d vol.
by order of Charles, to help that king to of masses in Patrocinium musices), Munich,
expiate the Saint Bartholomew massacre Adam Berg, 1589 ; 2 Masses (Sexti toni, 5
(1572) and bring peace to the royal con- voc, and Ad placitum, 4 voc.) in Selectissi-
science, has no foundation. The Psalms marum missarum tiores, etc., Antwerp, Pha-
were all written at Munich before 1565. It lesius, 1599 ; 3 Masses, 5 voc, with continuo
is true, however, that Charles IX. engaged (Octavi toni, S3-dus ex claro sexti toni, and
him as maitre de chapelle in 1574 the ne- ; Officium defanctorum), in Joannes Don-
gotiations were all concluded, but the king's frid's Corolla musica, missarum xxxvii., etc.,
death prevented their going into effect. In Strasburg, heirs of Lazarus Zetzuer, 1599 ;
the same year Pope Gregory XTTT râde Lassi (Orlandi) Belgse, musicorum Orphei
him a Knight of the Golden Spur. Lasso . . . Missse posthumse sex, etc. (edited,
spent the rest of his life in Munich, aiHu- by his son Rudolph), Munich, Nicolaus
ent, esteemed by all, and working as few Henricus, 1610.
men have worked. The number of his com- n. Magnificat : Magnificat octo tonorum,
positions is estimated at more than two quatuor, quinque et sex vocum, Nuremberg,
thousand. As he was untiring also in his 1567 Magnificat octo tonorum, quinque et
;
superintendence of the ducal Kapelle, the sex vocum, ib., 1572 Octo cautica divse ;
strain proved too severe, and shortly before Mariffi Virginis, qua; vulgo Magnificat appel-
his death he fell into a piteous conditionlantur, secundum singulos octo tonorum
of nervous prostration and almost imbe- quaternis vocibus, Munich, 1573 (second
cility. Orlando Lasso was the greatest of edition of the same, Paris, Le Roy & Ballard,
all the great composers of Netherlandish 1581) Magnificat aliquot 4, 5, 6 et 8 vocum
;
extraction ; of Patrocinium musices), Munich,

together with Giovanni Gabri- (part
el! and Palestrina, he represents the highest Adam Berg, 1576 Lassi sereniss. ; . . .
development of the great epoch of sti'ict cautica sacra sex et octo vocibus,
. . .
single counterpoint. His portrait, in the ib., Adam Berg, 1585 Magnificat 4, 5 et ;
MS. copy of the Penitential Psalms in the 6 vocibus ad imitationem cautilenarum, etc.,
Munich Royal State Library, is reproduced ib., ib., 1587 Magnificat octo tonorum,;
in Grove's Dictionary. . quatuor vocum, Milan, heirs of Si-

. .
Published works. I. Masses Missarum mone Tiui Magnificat octo tonorum 4, 5 et

: ;
quatuor vocum liber primus, Venice, Gar- 6 vocum, Augsburg, 1601 Lassi (Orlandi) ;
dane, 1545 1 Mass (In te, domiue, sjjeravi.

; . centum Magnificat, etc (5, 6, 7, 8,
. .
LASSO
10 voc), edited by his son Kudolpb, Mu- Venice, Gardaue, 1545 ; II primo libro de'
nich, IGlt). motetti a 5 e 6 voci, etc., Antwerp, Jean
in. Psalms and litanies : 1 Psalm, 5 voc, Laet, 1556 (possibly a 2d ed. of the pre-
ill Beati omues,Psalmus cxxvii. Davidis ceding) Sacrse cantiones (vulgo uioteta
;
. . a variis, iisdemque praestantissimis

. ap2)ellatte), 5 et 6 vocum, liber secuudus,
musicsB artificibus, etc., Nuremberg, Uh-ich Venice, Rampazetto, 1560 [2d ed., ib.,
Neuber, 1569 1 Psalm (Lretatus sum, 3

; 1562] ; Sacric cantiones quinque vocum cum
voc), in Premier livi-e du meslauge des viva voce turn omnis generis iustrumentis
Pseaumes et Cantiques, etc. [no name] cantatu commodissimaj, Nuremberg, 15C2
1577 2 Psalms, 3 voc. (Beati omnes, and
;
(contains 25 motets) [2d ed. of do., Venice,
Domiue nou est exaltatum), in Second livre, Gardauo, 1565] do., Uber secundus, 5 et
;
id., etc., 1577 Lassi; Psalmi Da-

. . . G vocum, Venice, Gardano, 1565 [another
vidici i^cenitentiales . His accessit
. . ed. of Books I. and II., Venice, Scoto,
Psalmus, "Laudate Doniiuum de ccbUs," 1565] ; Sacrse cantiones (vulgo moteta ap-
quinque vocum, Munich, Adam Berg, 1581 vocum, liber tertius, Venice, pellatse), 5 et 6
Psalmi sacri, 3 vocum, Munich, 1588 (the Gardano, 1566 (contains 30 motets) do., ;
same, with German text, Zurich, 1594) 12 6 et 8 vocum, liber quartus, ib., ib., 1566
;
Litanies (4-9 voc.) in Thesaurus Litania- [2d ed., ib., 1569 3d ed., ib., 1586] Lassi ; ;
rum, etc., Munich, Adam Berg, 1590 Ciu- selectiorum aliquot cautionum sa-
; . .
quante Pseaumes de David, avec la musique crorum sex vocum fasciculus adjunctis in
a cinq parties d'Orlaude de Lassus, etc., fine tribus dialogis octo vocum, etc., Mu-
Heidelberg, Jorosme Commelin, 1597. nich, Adam Berg, 1570 (this is the 5th book
IV. Lamentations and lessons Sacra; of motets, containing 20)
: Sesto libro de' ;
lectioues novem ex projiheta Job, quatuor Mottetti a cinque voci, Venice, Claudio
vocum, in officiis defuuctorum cantari so- iXIerulo, 1569 [another ed., with title Mo-
litae, etc., Venice, Gardauo, 15G5 (other edi- duli quinis vocibus, etc., Paris, Le Roy &
tions with changes in title Lyons, 1566 Ballard, 1571.

: This firm published also ;
Nuremberg, Gerlach, 1567 Louvaiu, 1572 Books I., II., and HI., 5 voc, 1571 Moduli
; ; ;
Munich, Adam Berg, 1582 Nuremberg, quatuor et octo vocum, 1572 Moduli sex,
; ;
1597) Passio, 5 vocum. Item lectioues Job, septem et duodecim vocum, 1573.
; Book
et lectioues matutinpe de Nativ., 4 vocum, VI., 5 voc, was also published in Munich,
Munich, Adam Berg, 1575 ; Lassi 1571] Cautionum quos motetos vocant opus
. . . ;
HieremiiE prophetse lamentationes, etc., ib., novum, etc. (Part I. of Patrocinium musice.?),
ib., 1585 Jeremiajproj^hetiiedevotissimBe la- Munich, Adam Berg, 1573 [another ed.,
;
mentationes cum passione Domini with title, II settimo libro di motetti del
. . .
quinque vocum, Paris, Le Roy & Ballard, Orlando di Lasso, a cinque voci, Venice,
1586 (rejH'int of the above-mentioned) Mo- 1585] Nova3 aliquot ad duas voces cantio-
; ;
duli quatuor et octo vocum partim a queri- nes suavissima>, Munich, Adam Berg, 1577
tatiouibus Job, partim e psalm. Davidis et [another ed., with title. Moduli duarum vo-
aliis scripturas locis descripti, Orlando Las- cum, etc., Paris, Le Roy & Ballard, 1578] ;
susio auctore. La Eochelle, P. Haultiu, Lassi Motetta sex vocum, Mu- . . .
1576 (2d edition, Paris, Lo Roy & Ballard, nich, Adam Berg, 1582 ; Lassi . . .
1587) Le Lagi-ime di S. Pietro deseritte SacriB Cantiones, quinque vocum, ib., ib.,
;
del Signor Luigi Tansillo (with jiortrait of 1582 (these last two form one collection ;
Lasso, setat. 62), Munich, Adam Berg, Fetis is in doubt whether it is the 8th book
1595. of motets, or a compilation) ; Lassi . . .
V. Motets — Original collections : II pri- sacrje cantiones .quatuor vocum,

. .
me libro de' Motetti di Orlando di Lasso, Munich, Adam Berg, 1585 [2d ed., with
LASSO
Sacrarum cantionum moduli quatuor contcnant
title, par Rolando de Lassus, . . .
vocibus coutexti. Auctore OrlauJo Las- Antwerp, Tylman 1555 Lassus Susato, ;
susio, Paris, Le lioy & Ballard, 1586] Nouvelles chansons il quatre parties . . .
(8th or 9th book of motets) Sacrai can- Le premier livre, Antwerp, Jean
; . . .
tiones quinque vocum, etc., Munich, Adam Laet, 1566 Lassus, le second livre des ;
Berg, 1587 (9th or 10th book of motets) nouvelles chansons tant a quatre comme a ;
Cautioues sacrte sex vocum, quas vulgo cinq parties, ib., ib., 1566 Tiers livre des ;
motectas vocaut turn vivas vocis, chansons a quatre, cinq et six parties, etc.,
. . .
tum omuivario instrumeutorum concentui Louvain, Phalesius, 1566 Le quart livre des ;
accommodatie, etc., Gratz, Georg Widman- chansons, etc., Antweq), Jean Laet, 1564
stadt, 1594. The following, nearly com- [another ed., with the title Quatriesme livre
plete, compiled edition is of imj)ortance : des chansons, etc., Louvain, Phalesius,
Magnum opus musicum Orlandi di Lasso 1564] ;Livre de chansons nouvelles a cinq
. . complecteus omnes eantiones quas
. parties, avec deux dialogues a huict, Paris,
vulgo motetas vocant, tarn autea editas quaiu 1571 [2d ed., with the title, Liwe v. de
hactenus nondum jûblicatas, 2, 3, 4:, 5, G, 7, chansons nouvelles a 5 parties, avec deux
8, 10, 12 vocum. A Ferdiuando . . . dialogues, Louvain, Phalesius, 1572 3d ;
et lludoljiho . . . authoris liliis, summo ed., Paris, Ballard, 1599] :\Ioduli duobus ;
studio coUectuiu, et impensis eorundem vel tribus vocibus, auctore Orlando de

typis mandatum,
Munich, N. Henricus, Lasso, lib. i., Munich, 1582 Cantiones ele- ;
1G04, 6 vols, (contains 516 motets) In giaCcG suavissima3 duobus vocibus, lib. ii., ;
magni illust. Orlandi de Lasso Antwerp, 1598 Orlandi di Lasso prophe-

. . .
;
magnum opus musicum, Bassus ad organum titc SibyUarum quatuor vocibus chromatico
. . Septima j)ars, Wiirzburg, J. Vola- more, etc., Augsburg, Georg "Wilier, 1600
.
;
mari, 1625. Lassus Nouvelles chansons alle- . . .
VI. Madrigals and chansons —

Original mandesa cinq vois, etc., Munich, Adam Berg,
collections II primo libro de' madrigali a 1567
: do., Partll. (title in German), ib., ib., ;
cinque voci, Venice, Gardane, 1555 II se- 1573 do., Part HI., ib., ib., 1576 Teutsche ; ; ;
condo libro do., ib., Gardano, 1559 [another und franziJsische Gesiiug mit 6 Stimmen,
ed. of 1st and 2d books, ib., Scoto, 1559 ib., ib., 1590 Etliche ausserleseue ; ; . . .
2d ed. of 2d book, Scoto, 1562 other eds., Liedleiu 4 Stimmen, etc. (contains 30 chan-
;
Gardano, 1566-68-70] Di Madrigali a sons), ib., ib., 1582 Sex cantiones latinaj,
; ;
quattro voci il secondo libro, Kome, Antonio quatuor, adjuncto dialogo octo vocum, ib.,
Barre, 1562 [reprinted, Venice, 1569-73] ib., 1573 [different copies of this ed. have ;
II terzo libro de' Madrigali del eccellentis- title and text in French, German, or Ital-
simo Orlando di Lasso a quattro voci, ian] Neue teutsche Liedleiu mit fiiuf ;
Venice, Gardano, 1564 II libro terzo de' Stimmen ; .1., U., III. Theil, ib., ib., . .
Madrigali a cinque voci, ib., ib., 1566 1567-76 Neue teutsche und etliche fran- ;
De' Madrigali dell' ottimo Orlando di ziisi.sche Gesiiug mit sechs Stimmen, ib.,
Lasso a cinque voci il quarto libro, Ven- ib., 1590 (5th book of chansons). For re-
ice, Gardano, 1567 II quinto libro de' printed editions and compilations of Motets,
;
Madrigali a 4 voci, del Orlando di Lasso, Madrigals, and Chansons, and for miscel-
Venice, 1587 H sesto libro de' Madrigali laneous collections that contain such works
;
a 4 e 5 voci, di Orlando di Lasso, ib., by Lasso together with those of other com-
1588 ; Libro di Villanelle, moresche ed altre posers, see Fetis ; Eitner's Bibliographie
canzoni a 4, 5, 6 ed 8 voci, Paris, Le Hoy der Musik-Sammelwei-ko des xvi. and svii.
& Ballard (no date) [reprinted, Antwerp, Jahrh. ; and Eituer's Chrouolog. Verzeich-
1582] ; Le (juatorzicme livro a quatre jjarties niss.
LASSO
Vn. Moderu editions in score Psalmos LASST UNS SINGEN VON DER :
Vn. pceniteutiales modis musicis adaptavit GNADE, arioso of Paulus in F major, iu

Orlandus de Lassus, etc. (edited by S. W. Mendelssohn's Puidus, Part 11. (No. 27).
Dehu), Berlin, Crantz, 1835 Eegiua coeli ; LA STESSA, LA STESSISSDLl, ten
(A voc), Salve Regina (4 voc), Angelus ad variations for the pianoforte, in B-flat, by
pastores (5 voc), Miserere (5 and 6 voc), in Beethoven, on the duet of the same title in
Kocblitz, vol. i., Mainz, Scbott, 1838 Psalm ; Salieri's opera of Falstaff, which was fii-sfc
xxxiii. (5 voc). Motet, Quo properas (10 represented in Vienna, Jan. 3, 1799. It is
voc). Magnificat (5 voc), Berlin, Scble- dedicated to Mile la Comtesse Babette de
singer Confirma boc Deus (G voc), Berlin,
; Keglivics, and was composed in 1799.
Guttentag Sis German cbansons (-l voc)
; Published by Artaria & Co. (Vienna, 1799)
and one dialogue (8 voc.) in Debn's Samm- Breitkopf & Hiirtel, Beethoven Werke, Se-
lung alter Musik, etc., Berlin, Crautz ;
rie 17, No. 11. — Thayer, Verzeichniss, 31
Twelve motets (4, 5, 6, 7 and 8 voc.) in Allgem. mus. Zeitg. (1799), 607.
Commer's CoUectio oj)erum Musicorum Ba- LAST ROSE OF SUM5IER, 'TIS THE,
tavorum sseeuli xvi., vols. vii. and viii., song by Thomas Moore, written to the tune
Mainz, Scbott Twenty motets (4 voc.) in
;
" The Groves of Blarney," which is probably
Proske's Musica Divina, etc., Ratisbou, a variation of an older air, " The Young
1855 Mass, Qual donna atteude (5 voc.) in
; Man's Dream," composed iu 1788-89 by R.
Proske's Selectus novus missarum, etc., vol. A. Millikin, of Cork. Beethoven included
i., Eatisbon, 1856 ; this air among bis Irische Lieder (No. 6).
or 0,7^0 UjÔ
10 Mass, Or sus a coup Mendelssohn wrote a Fantasia (op. 15) upon
(4 voc), edited by it, and Flotow used it for a motif in his
Ferreuberg, Cologne, Heberle, 1847 Six ; opera 3Iar!ha. Grove, iv. 129. —
nnpublisbed masses, edited by Commer, LATILLA, GAETANO, born at Bari,
Berlin, 1860. —
H. Delmotte, Notice biog- Kingdom of Naples, in 1713, died at Naples
rapbique sur Roland de Lattre, etc. (Va- soon after 1788. Dramatic composer, jjupil
lenciennes, Prignet, 1836) Tbe same ; of Domenico Gizzi was second maestro di;
translated into German by Debn (Berlin) ; cappella at S. J\I. Maggiore, Rome, in 1738-
Ambros, iii. 332-346 ; Mus. Wocbenblatt 41 ; in 1756 became chorus-master at the
(1871), No. 17; Monatsb. f. Musikgescb., Conservatorio della Pieta, Venice, and suc-
vi. 107 ; Robert Eitner, Cbronologiscbes ceeded Galuppi as second maestro di cap-
Vei'zeicbniss derDruckwerke des O. di L. pella at S. Marco iu 1762-72. Works— Op-
(Berbu, 1874) Grove ; Ft-tis
eras Li mariti a forza, NajDles, 1732 Lo
; : ;
LASSO, RUDOLPH DI, born in Municb sposo seuza moglie, ib., 1736 II Gismondo, ;
about 1564, died tbere in 1625. Cburcb ib., 1737 Demofoonte, ib., 1738 Orazio, ; ;
composer, son and pupil of Orlando Lasso Rome, 1738 La fiuta cameriera, Najales, ; ;
from 1587 organist and instructor of sing- 1843 La gai-a jjer la gloria, Venice, 1844 ; ;
ing and composition at the court cbapel in INIadama Giaua (with Galuppi), ib.; II Ba-
Munich. He succeeded bis brother Ferdi- rone di Vignaluuga, Naples, 1747 Griselda, ;
nand, in 1609, as Kapellmeister there. Rome, 1747 Amore in tarantola, Venice, ;
Works Cantiones sacrse, for 4 voices 1750 La pastorella al soglio, ib., 1751 Gl'
: ; ;
(1606) Circus symphoniacus (1609) Mo- impostori, 1751

; L' Opera iu jDrova alia
; ;
duli sacri ad sacrum convivium, for 2-6 moda, 1751 L' isola d' amore Urganosto- ; ;
voices (1614) Virgiualia eucharistica, for car, 1752 L' Ohmpiade, 1752
; Amore ar- ; ;
4 voices (1616) Alphabetum Mariauum tigiano, 1761 Alessandro uell' Indie, 1753;
; ;
(1621) 3 masses
; 3 Magnificats. Fetis ; —
Merope, 1763 La giardiniera contessa La ; ; ;
Mendel ; Schilbng. commedia in commedia ; Don Calascione ;

LATOril
La buona figliuola creduta vedova, Venice, Tyrol, March 17, 1875.
Violin virtuoso, I
1766 Antigone, Naples, 1775. L' onuipo- pupil of Mildner at the Conservatorium,
;
tenza e la misericordia divina, oratorio Prague; was sent by the Grand ;

Duke
Masses ; Psalms ; Vocal music. —Fetis ; do., Stephan to Vienna in 1847, and later
Sujiplement, iL 78 ; Mendel ; Schilling visited London and Paris. In 1853 he
Gerber ; Burney, iv. 558. succeeded Joachim as Conzertmeister in
LATOUll, JE.VN, born in Pari.s in 1766, Weimar ; was instructor in Stern's Conser-
died there in 1840. Pianist
vatorium, Berlin, in 1855-57, later Conzert-; went at the
beginning of the French Revolution to Lou- meister of the court orchestra there, and
don, where he taught with success, and be- chamber virtuoso. In 1864 he made an ex-
came pianist to the Prince of Wales, later tended concert tour with Carlotta Patti, the
George IV. returned to Paris about 1830. pianist Jaell, and the violoncellist Keller-
;
Works : 5 duos for hai-p and iîanoforte

30 mann, and in 1866 became professor of vio- ;
divertissements and rondos for pianoforte lin at the Conservatoi-ium in Moscow. His
and violin, or flute Concerto militaire for health was much broken, and the baths of
;
pianoforte Senates progressives 60 col- Carlsbad afforded him only a temporary

; ;
lections of variations, divertissements, and relief. He was one of the greatest of recent
caprices ; 25 duos, waltzes, and other dance Elegy Polonaise 2 violinists. Works : ; ;
music for isianoforte. — Fetis ; Mendel

Czech songs ; Schil-
Other viohn collections of ;
Ung. music. Wurzbach Mendel Riemann Fe- — ; ; ;
LATROBE, Eev. CHRISTLA^J IGNA- tis do., Supplement, ii. 79. ;
TIUS, born at Fulneck, near Leeds, York- LAUBENSONATE, Sonata quasi una
shire, England, Feb. 12, 1758, died at Fair- fantasia, in C-sharp minor, by Beethoven,
field, near Liverpool, May 6, 1836. He the second of the two sonatas which make
studied at the college of the United Bi-eth- op. 27. It was written about 1801, and is
ren at Niesky, Upper Lusatia, in 1771, and dedicated to the Damigella Contessa Giu-
on his return to England, after thirteen lietta Guicciardi. It is said to have received
years, took orders in the same church, and its name in Vienna from a tradition that
became secretary to the Society for the the first movement was composed in a leafy
Furtherance of the Gosjsel in 1795 held a In England and in
; alley (Laubengang).
similar position to the United Moravian sometimes called the Moon- America it is
Brethren in England. Works Sonatas light Sonata, a name derived from a remai-k :
;
Concertos Variations Dies irse (1799)

; made by Rellstab, who compared the first
; ;
The Dawn of Glory (1803) Anthem for the movement to a boat drifting on the Lake of
;
Jubilee of George HI. (1809); Anthems Lucerne in the moonlight. It is one of the
(1823) Te Deum, performed in York best loved of Beethoven's pianoforte works,
;
Cathedral Miserere, Psalm LI. 6 airs on but he professed to care more for the so-
; ;
serious subjects, words by Cowper and Han- nata in F-sharp minor, op. 78. I. Adagio ;
nah More. He edited also Moravian Hymn Allegretto HI. Presto agitato. The H ;
Tunes Selection of Sacred Music fi-om Adagio has been arranged to the Kjrie
;
the works of the most eminent composers eleison with orchesti-a, by Bierey, to the
of Germany and Italy (6 vols., 1806-25) same words with pianoforte by Often, for
Anthems by various composers (1811). His voice and pianoforte with words bv Grie-
son, John Antes Latrobe (1792-1878), or- penkerl (Leibrock, Brunswick), and for two
ganist in Liverpool, composed anthems and violins by Hartmaun. The Allegi-etto has
other church music. Mendel Fetis. —
been arranged for two violins, viola, and ;
L.VUB, FERDINAND, born in Prague, violoncello. The sonata was first pubUshed
Jan. 19, 1832, died at Gries, near Botzen, by Cappi (Vienna, 1802), Breitkopf & Har-
LAUDA
tel), Beethoven Wei-ke, Serie IG, No. 14. and in 1591 a foui-th. The text was always
— Thaj-er, Verzeicliniss, 45 Nottebohm, written in Italian, and several ancient speci-
;
Verzeicliniss, 30 Thayer, Beethoven, ii. mens have been attributed by Crescentini

;
172 Lenz, Beethoven, Part II. 56 Lenz, to St. Francis of Assisi. The words of Lo-
; ;
Beethoven et ses trois styles, i. 219 Nohl, renzo de' Medici, Paliziano, Pulci, Bembo,
;
Beethoven, ii. 122 iii. 170 Marx, Beet- Filicaia, Giambellari, Ludovico Martelli, and
; ;
hoven, i. 130 Mars, Anleitung zum Vor- other eminent poets were employed. A MS.
;
trag Beethoveu'scher Klavierwerke, 114 volume belonging to a company of Laudisti

BerHoz, Voyage musicale en Allemagne, i. enrolled in 1336 is in the Magliabecchiana
3G2 Allgein. mus. Zeitg., iv. 650.
; Library, Florence. The earliest printed col-
LAUDA SION, sequence sung after the lection is dated 1485. Seraflno Razzi pub-
gradual at High Mass on the Feast of Cor- lished a large collection in 1608, which was
pus Christi, to verses written by Saint followed by many others. The oratorio is
Thomas Aquinas in 1261, chosen by Men- said to have been developed from the Laudi
delssohn as the subject of a cantata for four Sjjirituali. Grove, ii. 105 Burney, ii. 325. — ;
solo voices, chorus, and orchestra, op. 73. LAUDON, symphony in C, by Haydn,
Composed for the celebration of this feast written in 1779. Sul)ject, the hero Gideon,
by the Church of Saint-Martin in Liege, and Freiherr von Laudon (or London). Pub-
performed there, June 11, 1846. I. Intro- lished by Artai-ia (Vienna, 1779).— Pohl,
duction with chorus, Lauda Sion (andante Haydn, ii. 198.
maestoso) IL Chorus, Laudis thema spe-
; LAUER-ilUNCHHOFEN, A, Freiherr
cialis (andante con moto) III. Soprano solo VON, born. May 16, 1796, died in Berlin,
;
and chorus. Sit laus plena (sostenuto) IV. Jan. 4, 1874. Amateur pianist and dra-
;
Quartet, In hoc mensa (andante); V. Cho- matic comjooser studied music while an offi- ;
rus, Docti sacris institutis (grave) Dogma cer in the Prussian army lived last in Ber-
; ;
datur Christianis (andante con moto) VI. lin, having attained the grade of general.
;
Soprano solo, Caro cibus (andante) VH. Works Operas Rosa, die MiiUerin, given
; — :
Solo and chorus, Sumit unus. Published by in Hamburg, 1829 Der Orakelspruch ;
Schott (Mainz, 1847) Breitkopf & Hilrtel, Requiem, performed in Berlin, 1852 Quar-
; ;
Mendelssohn's Werke, Serie 14, No. 94. tets for strings Pianoforte music, and ;
Palestrina left two settings of the Lauda songs. Fetis Mendel Schilling. — ; ;
Sion First, for a double chorus of eight

: LAUR, FERDINAND, born at Mark-
voices, first printed by Alessandro Gar- dorf, on the Lake of Constance, Feb. 22,
dano in Book III. of JMotets for 5, 6, and 8 1791, died (?). Vocal composer was able, ;
voices (Rome, 1575) Breitkopf & Hiirtel, at the age of eighteen, to fill the post of
;
Palestriua's Werke, vol. iii. second, for a instructor of music in a school at Gottstadt,
;
chorus of four voices, the MS. of which is canton Berne. In 1810-20 he held a simi-
in the library of the Collegio Romano, lar position at Hof u-yl then was ajîJointed ;
Rome Breitkopf & Hiirtel, Palestriua's professor of singing, first at the gymnasium,
;
Werke, vol. vii.— Grove, ii. 103 Chorley, later also at the university in Basel. In
;
Modern German Music, ii. 320 Upton, 1824 he founded there a singing society,
;
Standard Cantatas, 265. which he conducted still in 1858. Works :
LAUDI, by Giovanni Animuccia, com- Choruses for church, for schools, and sing-
piled for the use of the Laudisti— a relig- ing-clubs Choruses for men's voices ; Col- ;
ious confraternity organized in Florence in lection of duets for schools. Fetis Men- — ;
1310. After Auimuccia's death, Francesco del Schilling. ;
Soto edited and published in 1588 a third HUjLt, FRANgOIS LAURENT DE

volume of unacknowledged compositions ANATOLE, born at Orl6aus, France, 1828,
LAUEENTI
still Dramatic composer, pupil appointed cantor and director of music in
living, 1889.
of Comoghio and Ehvart, iu Paris inspect- the cathedral in Bremen. Works: Geist-
;
or of vocal instruction in the public schools liche Lieder und Lobgesange, a collection
of Paris. —
Works Operas Trilbj-, given of 150 sacred songs. AUgem. d. Biogr.,
:
—
in the Theatre des Folies Nouvelles, 1858 xviii. 62 Koch, Gesch. des Eorchenliedes, ; ;
Aime pour lui-meme, ib., 18.57 Bel-Boul, iv. 281 Gerber Futis. ; ; ;
ib., 1857 Lejugement de Paris, ib., 1859

; LAUSKA, FRXSZ (SER.lPHDsTJS IG- ;
AchiUe a Scyros, ib., 1857 Le mouliu de NATIU.S), born at Brimu, Moravia, Jan. 13,
;
Catherine, ib., 1858 La demoiselle de la 1764, died in Berlin, April 28, 1825. Pi-
;
Hochetromblon, ib., 1857 Le sultan Mysa- anist studied composition and countei-jooint
; ;
pouf, ib., 1859 Frasquita, Bouft'es Parisi- under Albrechtsberger iu Vienna, was ap-
;
ens, 1859 Au fond du verre, Baden-Ba- pointed court musician to the Elector of
;
den Le Petit-Poucet, Athenee, 1868 Bavaria before he was twenty-foui- years

;
Pattes blanches, Bouffes Parisiens, 1873 old, travelled later for several years, appear- ;
La liqueur d'or. Menus Plaisii-s, 1873 Babi- ing in concerts, and in 1798 settled in Ber-
;
ole, Bouffes Parisieus, 1873 La part a Dieu, lin, and taught there with great success.
;
published in the Magazin des Demoiselles Meyerbeer was one of his pupils. Works ; ^
Cantate offieielle. Opera Comique, 1867. Sonatas and other pieces for pianoforte So- ;
Five masses Salut, vierge SEarie, cantique natas for pianoforte and strings Quartets
;
;
for three female voices, with organ More for men's voices 2 collections of songs A ; ; ;
than one hundred choruses for the chui-ch, practical method for pianoforte. Ft'tis ; I
—
for schools, and singing-clubs.— Fetis, Sup- Mendel Eiemann Gerber Wurzbach. !
; ; ;
pigment; Mendel, Ergiinz. Riemann. LAUTERB.\CH, JOHANN CHRIS-

;
LAURENTI, BART0L0:\IEO GERO- TOPH, born at Culmbach, Bavaria, July

NDIO, born in Bologna, Italy, in 1644, died 24, 1832, still living, 1889. Virtuoso on
there, Jan. 18, 1726. Violinist iu the or- the violin, pupil at the school of music in
chestra of the collegiate church Santa Pe- Wiirzburg of FrOhlich and Bratsch, tlien at
tronia, Bologna, and one of the
earliest the Conservatoire, Bnissels (1850), of de
members Philharmonic Academy es- Beriot and Fetis ; received the gold medal
of the
tablished in Bologna in 1666. Works So- there in 1851, and the next year took Leo- :
natas for violins and violoncello (Bologna, nard's place, during a temporary absence, as
1691) 6 concertos for violin, violoncello, professor of violin became Conzertmeister
; ;
and organ (ib., 1720). Fetis Mendel. —

and professor of violin in the Conserva-
;
LAURENTI, GEROXniO NICOLo, torium, Munich, in 1853, and went as Con-

died iu Bologna, Dec. 26, 1752. Violinist, zertmeister to Dresden in 1860, where he
son and pupil of the i^receding, then pupil also became professor of violin in the Con-
of TorelU and Vitali for many years first servatorium.
;
In 1864—65 he appeared in
violin in San Petronio and other chui-ches England, and he played at the last concert
in Bologna. Member of the Philhiu-monic in the Tuileries before the War of 1870. He
Academy, 1698. Works : 6 concertos for has received many decorations. Works
tliree violins, viola, violoncello, and organ. Compositions for the vioHn. — Mendel ; Fi'-
— Fc'tis ; Mendel. Supplement, ii. 80 Riemann ; Wasie- tis, ;
LAURENTINO, LAURENT, born at Hu- lewski, Die Violine, 362.

sum, Schleswig, June 8, 1660, died in LAVAINE, FERDINANT), born at Lille,
Bremen, May 19, 1722. Church comjjoser, France, in 1810, still Hving, 1889. Pianist,
studied in the gvmnasium of his native mostly self-taught ;

pubhshed in 1833 his
town and in the university at Kiel then first compositions for pianoforte professor ;
;
devoted himself to music, and in 1084 was in the Consei-vatoii-e, Lille. Works— Op- '
lavall1;e
eras : Une matinee u Cayenne, given at Lille, forte, violin, and violoncello ; 2 string quar-
18:i(j ; Ncrida, ib., 18G0 ; Tircis ct Margo- tets ; King Solomon, oratorio (unfinished).
ton, ib., ISGl. Music to the drama Artus et LA VENDETTA. See lôzze di Figaro.
Eikemer, 1840 Overture to La niort
ib., LA VENDETTA PitT TREMENDA. See
;
(lu Tasse La fuite en Egypte, oratorio Te Ernani.

; ;
Dcum Dc profundis Psalms for chorus and

;
LAVENU, LOUIS HENRY, born iu Lon-
;
orchestra Messe solennelle for men's voices don in 1818, died at Sydney, New South
; ;
Symphonies 2 quintets and 3 trios for pi- Wales, Aug. 1, 1859. Violoncellist, pupil
;
anoforte and strings Fantaisie dramatique, of Potter and Bochsa at the Royal Academy
;
and many other pieces for pianoforte. Fu- of Music was a member of the orchestra — ;
tis ;do.. Supplement, ii. 80 Mendel. iu the London Opera, went to Australia
;
LAVALLfiE, CALIXA, born, of French- about 1848, and was appointed music di-
Canadian parent- rector of the theatre iu Sydney. Works
age, at Verchcres, Loretta, opera, given iu Drury Lane The-
Canada, Dec. 28, atre, London, 1848 Numerous glees and ;
1842, still living, English songs Pieces for pianoforte. Fc- ; —

1889. Pianist, tis Brown. ;
pupil of his father LAVIGNA, VINCENZO, born in Naples ;
about 1857 he went in 1777, died iu Milan about 1837. Dra-

to Paris, where he matic composer, studied music and compo-
was a pupil on the sition at the Conservatorio della Pieta de'
pianoforte of Mar- Turchini went to Milan, where he taught ;
moutel, and in com- singing and became accompanist at La Scala

jjosition and instru- in 1809. Works Operas La muta per — :
mentation of Bazin and Boieldieu. He amore, giveu in Milan, La Scala, 1802 L' ;
made his first appearance as a ijianist when idolo di se stesso, Ferrara, 1803 L' imjios- ;
ten years old, and in 1881 was solo pianist tore avvilito, ib., 1804 II Coriolano, Parma, ;
of Mme Gerster's first concert tour in the 1806 Di posta in posta, Milan, 1808 Za'ira, ; ;
United States. In 188G-87 he was presi- Florence, 1809 Orcamo, Milan, 1809 Chi ; ;
dent of the Music Teachers' National Asso- s'e visto s'e visto, ib., 1811 Le metamorfosi, ;
ciation, and is at present chairman of the comic opera, Venice, Teatro Fenice, 1807 ;
Examining Committee of American Compo- Music to the ballets Gengis-Kau and Emilio
sitions, and was the first delegate sent to e Carolina, Milan, 1802 and 1804.— F^tis
England by that association to the Confer- do., Supplrmcnt, ii. 80 Mendel. ;
ence of the Society of Professional Musicians LAWES, HENRY, born at Dinton, Wilt-
held in 1888 iu Loudon. In 1884 he gave shire, England, De-
at Cleveland, Ohio, before the Association cember, 1595, died
the first concert in America the progi-amme in London, Oct. 21,
of which consisted entirely of American 1GG2. Pupil of Gi-
compositions, and during the last three ovanni Coperario ;
years he has rejieatedly given concerts of entered the Chapel

American compositions in Boston, where he Royal of Charles I.
has resided for some time. Works A sym- in 1G2G composed
:
;
phony 2 operas An offertory for solo, cho-

; ; music for court en-
rus, and orchestra 30 etudes for pianoforte; ; tertainments after ;
Sonata for pianoforte and violin Suite for the Restoration, in

;
pianoforte and violoncello ; 2 suites d'or- IGGO, he was reinstated in his appointments
chestre ; Several overtures ; Trio for piano- at the court. Works : Music for Shirley's
LAW SOX
masque, The Triumiibs of Peace, 1G33 (with organist in Florence, where his talents :
his brother William and Simon Ives) Music gained him considerable reputation, and
;
for Carew's masque, Ccjelum Britaunicum, later returned to France. He is said to

about 1633 Sougs for ililton's Comuit, have been Benveuuto Cellini's music
;
1C34 A Paraphiase upon the Psalmes of teacher, and Andrea del Sarto put bis por-
;
Davitl (1G37) Songs for William Cart- trait into his fresco of the Adoration of the
;
wright's plays and poems Christmas songs Magi in Florence.

; Works Classes, motets, :
in Herrick's Hesperides Ayres and Dia- songs, and madrigals, in various contempo-
;
j
logues for One, Two, and Three Voyces rary collections. Futis Riemann. — ;
(1653, 1655, and 1658) ; Jlusic for Dave- LAZARUS, oratorio, text by August Her-
!
uaut's First Day's Entertainment of Musick mann Niemeyer, music by Schubert, first
at Rutland House, 1656, with others Za- ; given in Vienna, March 27, 1863. It was
dok the Priest, antliem Songs in other ; written in February, 1820, for an Easter
collections Select Musicall Ayres and Dia-
; ,
cantata for that year, but was unfinished.
logues (1652, 1653, and 1659), and The For many years the original score was in
Treasurey of Musick (1669). His brother the possession of the firm DiabeUi (after-
William also was a member of the Chapel wards Spina), of Vienna. Kreissle von Hell-
Royal, and afterwards chamber musician to born discovered in 1859 the first part in
Charles I. He was killed, as a soldier of Spann's collection, and the second part was
the Roj'alist army, during the siege of Ches- found in 1861 among Schubert's MSS. Ln
ter. Anthems and other vocal compositions Alexander W. Thayer's collection. Another
by him are to be found in some collections MS. was discovered in the possession of
of the time. —
Grove Mendel Fetis Schil- ; ; ;
Ferdinand Schubert's wife. The MS. is
ling; Gerber; Burney, iii. 381, 393; Haw- in the Musikverein of Vienna. Characters
kins, iv. 48 ; Barrett, Eng. Church Com- represented at the first performance, under
l)osers, 64. direction of Johann Hcrbcck The man of :
LAWSON, ]\LyLCOLM LEONARD, born Bethany, Lazarus, Olschbauer Mary, Frl. ;
at Wellington, Shro2)shire, England, in 1819, Tellheim Slartha, Frl. Kimig

; Jemima, ;
still living, 1889. Organist, studied imder Jairus's daughter, Fran Wilt Nathauael, ;
various masters in London, France, Italy, Herr Schultner Simon the Siulducee, HeiT
;
and Germany was appointed organist and

;
Mayerhofer. Published by Spina (Vienna,
choirmaster of the Roman Catholic Church 1866).— HeUborn, Schubert (Coleridge),
in London, 1876, conductor of the Gluck 180 Allgem. mus. Zeitung (1863), 373
; ;
Society, 1877, director of the musical branch Austin, Schubert, 51.

of the K\Tie Society, 1878, and Associate of LEAL, JOAO, Portuguese composer of the
the Philharmonic Society, 1878. W'orks early part of the 19th century. Of a family
The Three Princesses, opera Airs and in- ; of musicians, he was skilled in the compo-
terludes to the play of " England," London, sition of a kind of love-song called in Por-
1876 Music to the jjlay of " Olivia," Lon-
; tugal modinhas, the words and melody of
don, 1877 Overture to Savonarola 2 fes-
; ; —
which are simple. Fetis, Supplc-meut, u.
tival services 6 anthems for 4 voices and
; 85 ;Mendel, Ei-gauz., 210 Vasconcellos,
;
organ 6 motets for female voices 2 sym-

; ; 190.
phonies Numerous songs and pieces for
;
LEBEAU, FRANCOIS, born at Liege,
pianoforte. Brown. — Aug. 4, 1827, still living, 1889. Amateur
L.VYOLLE, FR.INCOIS DE, born, prob- composer, pupil of Michelot on the piano-
ably in Fi-auce, about the end of the 15th forte, and of Bosselet in harmony. He wa.s
centuiy. In Italian he was called Fran- secretai-y of the administrative commission
cesco Ajolla, or dell' Aiolle. He became of the Conservatoire, Brussels. Work
LEBEWOIIL
Esmt'ralda, opera, libretto by Victor Hugo, servatoire of Dourlen and Cherubini ; ob-
given at Liege, 185G, Antwerp, Brussels, tained the second prize for composition in
1857. — Fetis, Suppli''meut, ii. 85. 1818, and the first in 1820. He was in-
LEBEWOHL, DAS, die AbwesenLcit, das structor at the Conservatoire in 181G-36,

Wiederseliu (Les adieus, I'abseuce, et le re- then succeeded Reicha as jjrofessor of com-
tour Farewell, Absence, and Keturn), Sou- position. In 1834 he was made librarian
;
ate caracteristique in E-flat, by Beethoven, of the Opera, and later of the chapel of
op. 81a, wi-itten in 1809, and dedicated to Napoleon HI. Works — Operas : Les deux
the Erzlierzog Rudolph of Austria. I. Ada- Figaros, given at the Odeon, Paris, 1827
gio, Allegro II. Andante III. Vivacissimo, Le camp du drap d'or, Opera Comique,
; ;
poeo Andante. Published in two parts 1828 Cinq ans d'entr'acte. Theatre de la : ;
Ai-taria & Co. (Vienna, 1810) Breitkopf & Bourse, 1833 Lequel, ib., 1838.
; A treatise ;
Hiirtel (Leipsic, 1811), Breitkopf & Hiirtel, on harmony remains unpublished. Fetis — ;
Beethoven Werke, Serie IG, No. 2G.— Thayer, do., Suppli'ment, ii. 8G Riemaun. ;
Verzeichniss, 77 Marx, Beethoven, ii. 180

; LEBOUC, CH.ARLES JOSEPH, born at ;
Lenz, Beethoven, vol. ii., part ii., 201. Besanyon, Dec. 22, 1822, still living, 1889.
LEBLANC, born about 1750, died Virtuoso on the violoncello, pupil at the
,
in Paris, March, 1827. Violinist and dra- Paris Conservatoire of Franchomme on the
matic composer, chef d'orchestre at the violoncello, and of Halcvy and Colet in
Theatre Comique et Lyrique, Paris, 1791 composition. He was awarded the first
afterwards connected with the Theatre d'E- prize for violoncello in 1842, the second
mulation as composer till 1801. Reduced Y>rize for harmony in 1843, and the first in
in circumstances, he was then obliged to 1844. He belonged to the orchestra of the
play second violin in the Theatre du Boule- Ojx'ra in 1844-48, was elected member of
vard du Temple, and finally earned his liv- the Societe des Concerts du Conservatoire
ing by copying music. Works Operas: — in 1842, and was its secretary in 185G-G0 ;
La noce bearnaise, Theatre de Beaujolais, established the Soirees de Musique Clas-

1787 Gabrielle et Pauliu, ib., 1788 La
; ; sique. Works Ave verum, for one voice,
:
folle gageure. Theatre Comique et Lyrique, with violoncello and organ La vision de ;
1790 Rosine et Zely, ib., 1790 Le ber-

; ; melodie for voice, with vio-
Saiute-Cc'cile,
ceau de Henri IV., ib., 1790 Nicodeme ; loncello and pianoforte Trio de concert, ;
dans 1791 Le mariage de Na- for pianoforte and strings Duos for piano-
la lune, ib., ; ;
Don, ou la suite de Madame Angot, Theatre forte and violoncello Fantaisie, mazurka, ;
d'Emulation, 1796 Music to Telemaque, for violoncello, and a method for do. Fe-
; —
pantomime, ib., 1797. Melodrames: Elisa, tis do., Supplement, ii. 8G Mendel. ; ;
ou le triomphe des femmes Le serail Eg- LEBRUN, LOLIS SI5BASTIEN, born in

; ;
bert I., i-oi d'Austrasie Azemire, ou les Paris, Dec. 10, 17G4, died there, June 27,
;
rc'fugies peruviens.Ballets L'enfant du 1829. Dramatic compo.ser at the age of

: ;
bonheur. Theatre d'fimulation, 1798 La seven he became chorister in Notre Dame, ;
foret enchantee, ou Isaure et Florestan, where he received his musical education.

Gaite, 1800 Huon de Bordeaux, ib., 1801 He was apjjointed director in the Church of
;
Saphirine, ou
le reveil magique, ib., 1811 Saint-Germain I'Auxerrois in 1783 was ;
;
—
Riquet a la houppe, ib., 1811. Fetis do.. tenor at the Opera in 1787 and in 1791-
;
Supplement, ii. 8G Mendel. ; 1803, and at the Feydeau in 1791. He was

LEBORNE, ABIE A:\IBR0ISE SIMON, instructor of singing at the Opera in 1803-
born in Brussels, Dec. 29, 1797, died in 7, tenor of Napoleon's chapel in 1807-10,
Paris, April 1, 186G. Dramatic composer and later its director. Works Operas — :
and didactic writer, pupil at the Paris Con- L'art d'aimer, ou I'amour au village, 1780 ;
LEBEUN
lis lie savent pas lire, 1791 ; Le bon fils, Songs and part-songs. —Allgem. d. Biogr.,
1795 ; f]inilie et Melcour, 1797 ; Le meu- xviii. 104 Mendel. ;
teur maladroit, 1798 ; L'astrouome, 1798 ; LECHNER, LEONHARD, born near

Un moment d'erreur La veuve americaiiie, ; Glarus, Switzerland, in the first half of the
1799 Eluouore et Doi-val, ou la suite de la
; 16th century, died at Nuremberg about
ciuquautaiue, 1800 Le majon, 1800 Mar- ; ; 1594. Church composer, pupil of Orlando
celliu, 1800 Les petits aveugles de Fran-
; Lasso. He was town musician at Nurem-
conville, 1802 Le rossignol, 1816 Zeloide,
; ; berg in 1578-84, and later Kapellmeister to
ou 1818 L'Au 11. Te
les tleurs encliantues, ; the Duke of Wiirtemberg. Works Mo- :
Deum, 1809 Messe soleimelle, 1815 Mass

; ; tectse sacrse for 4-6 voices (1576) Motecta ;
for strings, 182G Collection of romances.

; octo vocum, ad duos choros (1576) Sacra- ;
— Fotis Mendel Riemann Gerber Schil-

; ; ; ; rum cantionum, etc., for 5-6 voices (1581) ;
ling Michaud, Biog. Univ., xsiii. 505 N.
; ; Epithalamium 24 vocum
Harmouia paue- ;
Biog. Gen., XXX. IGl. gjTica for 6 voices (1582) Harmonire mis- ;
LEBEUN, LUD^VIG AUGUST, born in celte (1583) Masses, canticles, and psalms ;
;
Mannbeim iu 174G, died in Berlin, Dec. 16, Several collections of songs for 3-5 voices ;
1790. Virtuoso on the oboe, probably tlie Bicinia und dreystimmige deutsche Vil-
greatest of the 18th century. Li 1767 he lanellen (1586) History of the Passion after ;
became a member of the electoral orchestra the ancient Latin choral, for 4 voices (1594).
in Munich, and from 1775 made concert — Fetis ; Mendel ; Gerber ; Schilling ; All-
tours through Germany, Italy, France, and gem. d. Biogr., xviii. 106 ; Monatsh. f. Mus.
England, winning great applause iu London Gesch., i. 179.
(1781) and Paris (1784). Works 7 concer- : LE CIEL NOUS A PLACES D.YNS LES
tos for oboe with orchestra 12 trios for ; RANGS. See Awbassadi-ice.
oboe, violin, and violoncello Duos for flute. ; LECLAIR, JEAN MARIE, born in Lyons
His wife Francesca (born at Mannheim, 1756, in 1697, died iu Paris,
died in Bei'lin, May 14, 1791), sister of Franz Oct. 22, 1764. Vio-
Danzi, one of the most eminent singers of linist, was a dancer
her time, accomiâuied her husband on his in Rouen and went
concert tours. She was also a good pianist, as ballet-master to
and composed trios, duos, and pianoforte Turin, where he be-
pieces. —
Ft'tis Mendel Schilling Allgem.
; ; ; came a pupil of So-
d. Biogr., xviii. 102. mis on the violin
LEBWOHL, IRENE. See Riemi. studied composition
LECERF, JUSTUS AMADEUS, born under C h e r o u in at
Rosendorf, near Weisseufels, Saxony, June Paris in 1729, was ripieno-violinist at the
23, 1789, died in Dresden, March 28, Opera, and in 1731 became a member of
1868. Pianist, pupil of Moritz Berger and the roj'al orchestra, but soon resigned both
August Eberhard iliiller in Leipsic, later iu positions. The rest of his life was spent in
Dresden of Weinlig in theory, and iu Paris teaching, and in composition. He was as-
of Reicha iu composition. He was music sassinated in the street near his house, but
director at Ais-la-Chapelle in 1825-29, no particulars are known of the crime. He
lived then in Berlin till 1843, and settled holds the first place among French compos-
finally in Dresden, to teach music. Works ers for the violin. Works Glaucus et : :
Jery uud Bi'itely, Singspiel, given in the Scylla, opera, given at the Acadeniie Royale
court theatre, Dresden, 18-46 Des Lebens de Musique, Paris, 1746 ApoUon et Cli-
; ;
Tag ist schwer, motet March for orchestra raene, opera-ballet, private theatre of the
;
;
Sonatas and other pieces for pianoforte ;

Due de Gramont, 1750 ; Concerti grossi, for
LECOCQ
strings and organ Overtures and sonatas, Canaries, 1883 L'oiseau bleu, 1884 Plutus,
; ; ;
as trios for violins and bass 48 sonatas for 1880 Les grenadiers de Mont-Cornette, ; ;
violin, with coutiuuo Duos for violins 1880 Ali Baba, 1887 La voliure, 1888.
; ; ;
Trios for violins, with coutinuo etc. Fc- Les fantoccini, ballet-pantomime, for piano- ; —
tis ;do., Supplement, ii. 87 Mendel Pde- forte a gavotte, and Les miettes, 20 char- ; ; ;
nianu Schilling Wasielewski, Die Violine, acteristic pieces for fiiauoforte Songs La
; ;
; ;
230 Dubourg, The Violin, 187 Hart, The Chapelle au Couvent, a collection of sacred
; ;
Violin, 284 Hawkins, Hist., v. 383.

;
songs (1885) Ai-rangement of Eameau's ;
LECOCQ, (.\LEXANDRE) CHAELES, Castor et Pollux, 1877.— Fotis, Supplement,

born iu Paris, June ii. 88 Riemann Grove Mendel do., Er- ; ; ; ;
3, 1832, still living, giinz., 211.
1889. Dramatic com- LE COUPPEY, FliLIX, born in Paris,

poser, pujjil at the April 14, 1814, died there, summer, 1887.
Conservatoire of Ba- Pianist and didactic writer, pupil at the
ziu in harmony, of Paris Conservatoire of Dourlen at the age ;
Hak'vy comjwsi- of fourteen took the first prize for i)iano-

in
tion, and of Benoist forte, and two years later for harmony. He
on the organ took was instructor at the Conservatoire in ;
the first prize for har- 1828-43, and succeeded Dourlen as pro-
mony in 1850, and fessor of harmony Works Chants
iu 1843. :
the second for fugue iu 1852. He was the du cojur, etudes, and other pieces for pi-
rival of OfTenbach, and his operettas have anoforte ; Coura de piano elementaire et
become universally popular on account of He published also De I'en-
progress! f.
the light and lively melodies which charac- seignement du piano, conseils aux jeunes
terize his style. Works Operettas Le — : professeurs (1805). — Fetis ; Mendel ; Rie-
docleur Miracle, 1857 ; Huis-Clos, 1859 ; mann.
Le baiser a la porte, 186-4 ; Liline et Valen- LEDENT, FliLIX liTIENNE, born at
tin, Les ondiues au Champagne,
1804 ; Liege, Nov. 20, 1809, died there at the end
1865 Le myosotis, 1806 Le cabaret de
; ; of 1880. Pianist, pupil of Jules Jalheau at
Eamponneau, 1867 Fleur de thi', 1808 ; ;
the Conservatoire of his native city, where
L'amour et son carquois, 1868 Les juhe won the first prize in 1832, afterwards ;
meaux de Bergame, 1808 Le carnaval d'un pupil of Daussoigne-Mehul in composition

; ;
merle blauc, 1808 Gandolfo, 1800 Deux won the second prix de Rome iu 1843, and
; ;
portii'res pour uu cordon (with Hervu and was appointed professor of pianoforte at the
Legouix), 1800 Le Rajah de Mysore, Conservatoire in 1844. Order of Leopold.
;
1800 Tuebcau Dunois, 1870 Le testament Works Adagio and rondo for i:)ianoforte
; ; :
de M. de Crac, 1871 Le harhier de Trou- and orchestra Pianoforte pieces, and many
; ;
ville, 1871 Sauvons la caisse, 1872

; Les vocal melodies. Fetis, Supplement, ii. 90. ;
^
—
cent vierge.s, 1872 'Lufille de madame An-
; LEDERER, JOSEPH, born at Ziemets-
got, 1873 G/ro/Zc'-Girofla, 1874
; Les Pr6s hauseu, Wiirtemberg, in 1733, died at ;
Saint-Gervais, 1874 Le pompon, 1875 La Ulm, October, 1700.

; Dramatic and church ;
l)clite marine, 1870 Kosiki, 1870 La Mar- composer, and writer on music.
; He was ;
jolaiue, 1877 Le 2><'tit Due, 1878

; Camarrjo, canon in the Order of Augustin Friars, and ;
1878 La petite Mademoiselle, 1870 Le professor of theology in the Convent of St.

; ;
grand Casimir, 1870 La jolie Persaue, Michael at Ulm. Works Die jugeudlichen
; :
1880 Le Marquis de Windsor, 1880 Janot, Rekruten, opera, 1781 Etwas aus China,
; ; ;
1881 La roussotte, Le jour et la nuit, Le operetta, 1777

; Gesaug auf den frohen ;
ccL'ur et la main, 1882 La princesse des Liebesbund, and other cantatas

; masses ; ;
LEDESMA
Te Deum ; Stabat Mater ; Magnificats,
tlie second prize harmony. He obtained
psalms, and other cliurch music Collec- for bassoon in 1825
went back in 182G to
;
;
tion of preludes, miuuets, trios, sonatas, Nantes, where he studied pianoforte under
—
and airs for organ. Fctis Mendel Ger- Rhein. In 1841 he established a music
; ;
ber Schilling.
; business in Paris, which is still carried on
LEDESMA, MARIANO RODRIGUEZ by his son. Works 2G pieces for organ :
;
DE, born at Saragossa, Spain, Dec. 17, 9 collections of etudes 328 pieces for i)i- ;
1779, died in Madrid in 1847. Dramatic anoforte 632 do. of dance music 13 do. ; ;
singer and church composer studied music for bassoon, 52 for guitar, and 38 for flute
;
;
while chorister in the Cathedral of Sara- 94 romances et melodies for 1-3 voices ;
gossa, went to iladrid in 1804 as tenor IMethod for pianoforte. Fetis, Supplement, —
singer at the Opera, and in 180G was ajv ii. 91 Mendel, Ergiiuz., 211. ;
poiuted singer of the royal chapel. The LEDUC, SIMON, born in Paris in 1748,
French invasion of Spain, in 1810, caused died there in 1787. Violinist, pupil of Ga-
him to go to England, where he became rinies. He was one of the conductors of
vocal instructor to Princess Charlotte, the Concerts Spirituels. Works G sym- :
daughter of the Prince of Wales. In 1815 phonies for orchestra Concertos for violin ;
he returned to Madrid, was made royal with orchestra Symphonic concertante for
;
chamber-singer, and in 183G director of 2 violins ; 2 collections of sonatas for violin,

the court chapel. "Works 3 masses Re- : ; with viola, bass, or pianoforte Sonata for
;
quiem Stabat Mater Motets and other

; ; violin, with bass. —Fetis ; Mendel.
church music Divertissements for piano-
; LEE, GEORGE ALEXANDER, born in
forte and flute Pieces for pianoforte Airs
; ; London in 1802, died there, Oct. 8, 1851.
for bass voice Spanish and German songs.
; He appeared as a tenor singer at the Dub-
— Fetis; Mendel. lin Theatre in 1825, and at the Haymarket,
LEDESMA, NICOLAS, born at Grisel, London, in 182G later became a music- ;
Aragon, July IS), 1791, died at Bilbao, Jan. 4, dealer gave English operas at the Totten-
;
1884. Organist and church composer stud- ; ham Street Theatre in 1829 became lessee ;
ied singing and the elements of music while of Drury Lane Theatre in 1830 managed ;
chorister at the Cathedral of Tarragona Lenten oratorios at Drury Lane and Covent
later pupil at Saragossa of Ramon Ferrenac Garden in 1831 was director and composer;
on the organ and in composition. At the at the Strand Theatre in 1832, and at the
age of sixteen years he was appointed organ- Olympic in 1845. Works JIusic to the —
ist and choirmaster to the chapter of Borja, dramas The Sublime and the Beautiful,
:
in 1809 organist and instructor at Tafalla in 1828 The Invincibles, 1828 Tho Nymph
; ;
Navan-a, and in 1832 director of the church of the Grotto, 1829 The Witness, 1829 ;
music and instructor at Bilbao, a position The Devil's Brother, 1831 The Legion of ;
which be still held in 1802. Works: 8 Honour, 1831 Waverley (with Stansbury),
;
masses with orchestra Miserere Stabat ; ; 1832 Love in a Cottage Good Husbands
; ;
Mater for three voices with string quartet make Good Wives Sold for a Song Auld ; ;
Psalms Motets G sonatas for oi-gan Col-

; ; ; Robin Gray, composed about 1838. Songs :
lection of clnu'ch music for organ. Fctis — ;

Away, away to the mountain's brow, Come
Mendel. where the aspens quiver. The JIacgregors'
LEDUC, ALPHONSE, born at Nantes, Gathering, etc. — Grove.
March 9, 1804, died in Paris, June 17, 18G8. LEE, LOUIS, born in Hamburg in 1819,
Pianist and virtuoso on the bassoon, the Virtuoso on the riolon- still living, 1889.
flute, and the guitar pupil of his father,
;
cello and the pianoforte, brother of Sebas-
then at the Paris Conservatoire of Reicha in tian Lee pupil of J. N. Prell. He began ;
LEE
to appeal- in concerts wlien twelve years of rent and Zimmerman, and composition under
age ; made concert tours in Germany and Berton and Halevy ; received second prizes
Denmark, and then lived in Paris several for pianoforte and
years. He went back to Hamburg to teach organ in 1834, and
music there, established chamber quartet the first prize for
concerts, became first violoncellist at the both in 1835 ; took
rhilharmouic Society, and till 1884 was in- private lessons in
structor at the Conservatorium. Works : composition of
Music to Schiller's Jungfrau von Orleans ;
Adolphe Adam, and
do. to "Wilhelm Tell ; Symphonies ; 2 quar- on the organ of
tets for strings ;
Quartet, op. 10, and trio, Sejan. For some
op. 5, for pianoforte and strings ; Sonata, time he gave himself
op. 9,and sonatina, o]}. 15, for violoncello ;
up to teaching and
Sonata, op.4, and sonatina, op. 13, for vio- composition, retaining his position at Saint-
lin Duos for pianoforte and violoncello
; ;
Roch ;was organist at the ]\Iadeleine iu-
Pianoforte pieces. Fetis —
Mendel Eie-
; ; 1847-58, and succeeded Scjan at Saiut-
mann. Sulpice in 18G3. Legion of Honour, 1850.
LEE, SEBASTIAN, born in Hamburg, His improvisations on the organ were wonder-
Dec. 24, 1805, died there, Jan. 4, 1887. ful, and his bright and striking harmonies
Louis Lee, pupil

Violoncellist, brother of gave peculiar charm to his playing and com-
of J. N. Prell appeared in concerts in 1830-
; positions. Works Les recruteurs, opera- :
36 in the principal towns of Germany, at the comique, 1861 Apres la victoire, cantata,
;
Theatre Italien in Paris, with Gusikow, and 1863 3 symphonies Mass with orchestra
; ;
;
in London. He was solo violoncellist at the 2 masses with organ a quartet and quintet ;
Opera, Paris, in 1837-G8, and settled finally for strings Cantiques ; ; Ofi'ertoires ; An
in his native city. Works Variations, di- salutaris Fantasias for
: ; harmonium Organ ;
vertissements, fantasias, for violoncello and music ; 50 etudes and other pianoforte
orchestra ; Variations for violoncello and music, including Les cloches du monastcre.
string quartet ; Duos for violoncellos ;
—Fetis
92 Grove ; do., Supi^lement, ii. ; ;
Method fordo. — Fetis

Eiemann. Mendel Eiemann.
; Mendel ; ;
LEEVES, WILLIAM, born in England, LEFEBVEE, CHARLES £dOUARD,

June 11, 1748, died at Wriugton, Somerset, born in Paris, June 19, 1843, still living,
May 25, 1828. He was rector of Wrington 1889. Instrumental composer, pupil at the
from 1779, and an amateur composer of Paris Conservatoire of Ambroise Thomas.
some merit. He left much church music, In 1870 he obtained the first prize for his
now forgotten, but is remembered as the cantata, Le jugement de Dieu. Works :
composer of " Auld Eobiu Gray," written in Zaire, opera, given at Lille, November, 1887 ;
1770 to the words of Lady Anne Barnard Judith, lyric drama Dalila, scenes for or- ;
(1750-182.5).— Grove. Symphonic suite

chestra ; Symphony ;
;
LEF^BURE-WELY, LOLIS JAMES Pieces symphouiques Overtures Le juge- ; ;
ALFRED, born in Paris, Nov. 13, 1817, died ment de Dieu, cantata Psalm for chorus ;
there, Dec. 31, 18G9. Organist, son of Au- with orchestra Chorus and a romance for ;
toine Lef6bure-W61y (1761-1831). When horn ;

Quartet for pianoforte and strings ;
eight years old was able to take his father's Pianoforte music and songs. — Fetis, Sup-
place at the organ, and at fifteen succeeded plement, Mendel, Ergilnz., 211. ii. 92 ;
him as organist at Saint-Roch. He entered LEFEBVRE, JACQUES,

born at Prenz-
the Conservatoire in 1832, and studied the low, Brandenburg, in 1723, died in Berlin
organ under Benoist, pianoforte under Lau- in 1777. Violinist, pupil of Graun, and of
LEFEEA'KE
Philipp Emanuel Bach in composition. He LEFi^.YRE, VICTOR GUSTAVE, bom at
became first violinist in the orchestra of Provins (Seine-et-Marne), June 2, 1831,
Prince Henry of Prussia about 1750, later still living, 1889. He entered the Paris
taught music in Berlin was appointed chef Conservatoire, becoming a member of Colet's
;
d'orchestre at the French theatre there in class in harmony, but remained only two
1777, but died before he entered upon liis months was then pupil of Pierre Maleden ;
office. "Works
Concertos, solos, duos, and for ten years.
: He became a director in
trios for violin Collection of odes, psalms, 1865 of the school for sacred music,
;
—
and songs. Fetis Mendel Schilling. ; founded by Niedermeyer, and in 1872 took
;
LEFEBVRE, \1CT0R LOUIS ADIE charge of the vocal society of classical mu-
JOSEPH, born at Lille, France, Jan. sic, also founded by Niedermeyer.
G, 1811, Works :
died at Douai about 1840. Pianist, pupil ^Masses Quartets Music for Romeo and
; ;
He was author also of a Ti-aite d'har-

at the Paris Conservatoire of Senriot, Jelens- Juliet.
perger, and Reicha took the second prize monie and a Traite d'accompagnement et de
;
for composition in 1828, the first in 1829 la basse chiffree. Fetis, Supplement, ii. ; —
studied under Berton till 1832, then settled 93 Mendel, Erganz., 211. ;
at Douai, and taught music. Works : 2 L&i.iT DE FURCY, ANTOINÊ, bom

trios for pianoforte and strings Quartet at Maubeuge (Nord), France, in 17-10, died
;
for strings Fantasias and other pieces for about 179S.

; Organist, dramatic and in-
pianoforte Romances and melodies for strumental composer, pupil in Paris of No-
;
voice \\-ith pianoforte. Fetis MendeL —

blet and Rameau on the pianoforte and in
;
LEFfeVRE, JEAN XAVIER, born at composition later organist at the church ;
Lausaime, Switzerland, March 6, 1763, died Sainte-Croix de la Bretonnerie and one of

iu Paris, Nov. 9, 1829. Virtuoso on the the best teachers in Paris. Works Operas —
clarinet, pupil iu Paris of Jlichel Yost Philire Apollon et Daphne Le saut de ; ;
joined the band of the Guards, began in Leucade Les rendez-vous Le jardinier de ; ;
1787 to appear in concerts, was a member Sidon Palmyi-e. Cantatas Le retour ; :
of the Ofiura orchestra in 1791-1817, and d'Eglo Les soupirs La uaissance de ; ;
professor at the Conservatoire in 1795-1825. Venus L'eloge de la voix, 6 sonatas f«r ;
In 1807 he entered the imjêi-ial chapel. two flutes 2 collections of duets and sev- ;
Legion of Honour. Works 6 concertos for eral do. of airs, romances, and songs Le-
: ;
clarinet with orchestra 2 symphonies con- mons de Minerve, romances morales 2 col-
; ;
certantes for clarinet and bassoon Concer- lections of solfeges Pianoforte music.
; ;
tante for oboe, clarinet, and bassoon 2 He wrote with Laboi-de the treatise, Essai ;
works of quartets for clarinet and strings sur la musique. Fetis Gerber Mendel ;
— ; ;
2 works of duos for clarinets Duos for Schilling. ;
clarinet and bassoon 6 sonatas for clarinet

; LEGEND OF DON MUNIO, dramatic
and bass 6 trios for two clarinets and bas- cantata in two parts, for solos, chorus, and
;
soon Method for clarinet, in use at the orchestra, by Dudley Buck, written in 1874.
;
Conservatoire. Fotis —
Mendel Gerber Subject from Washington L'ving's "Legend
; ; ;
Riemann Schilling.
; of Don Munio Sancho de Hinojosa," in liis
LEFfiVRE, MAURICE, Belgian dramatic " Spanish Pajjers." It is among the best
composer, contempoi-aiy. Works L'ami : of American compositions of its class. Per-
PieiTot, opera-comique, test by composer, formed in New York for the fii-st time at
given at the Flemish Theatre, Brussels, Oct. Chickering Hall, Dec. by the
14, 1886,
9, 1887 ; Le diner de Madelon, do., text by Courtney pupils, with pianoforte and organ
Di'saugiers, Theatre de la Monnaie, ib., accompaniment. — Upton, Standard Canta-
March 6, 1888. tas, 103 Atlantic Monthly, xxxiv. 758.
;
LEGENDE
LEGENDE VON DER HEILIGEN and strings (with Lei- for guitar, pianoforte,
ELIZABETH, DIE (The Legend of St. Eliza- and tiute 30 desdorf) ; Duos for guitar ;
beth), oratorio in two parts, text Ly Otto works of exercises, roudos; caprices, and va-
Itoquette, music by Liszt, first given at the riations Method, op. 250. Fetis Mendel ; — ;
twenty-fifth anniversary of the Couservator- Schilling.

ium at Buda-Pusth, Aug. 15, 1SG5. This LEGOUIX, ISIDORE I^DOUARD, born
work, dedicated to Ludwig IT. of Bavaria, iu Pari.s, April 1, 1834, still living, 1889.
was suggested by the frescos in the Wart- Dramatic composer, jjupil at the Conserva-
burg, painted by Moritz von Schwindt, illus- toire of Henri Reber received first i)rize ;
trating scenes fi-om the history of the Saint, for harmony 1855 as pupil of Ambroise
in ;
daughter of King Andreas II. of Hungary, Thomas obtained second prize for fugue iu
whose life was devoted to good deeds. Char- 185G, and honourable mention for the pris
acters reijresented Herrmann, Landgrave of
: de Rome in 18G0. Works Operas Uu — :
Thuringia Sojjhie, his wife Ludwig, theii-

; ; Othello, given in the Theatre des Chamjis-
sou Elizabeth, Ludwig's bride Friedrich
; ; Elysces, 18G3 Le lion de Saint-Marc, The-
;
n. of Hohenstaufeu a Seneschal and cho-

; ; atre Saiut-Germaiu, 1864 Malbroug s'eu ;
ruses of Children, Crusaders, Hungarians, va-t-eu guerre (with Bizet, Leo Delibes, and
and Angels. The two jjarts are each divided Jonas), Athenee, 18G7 Les demieres gri- ;
into three scenes corresjjonding to the sub- settes, Brussels, Fantaisies Paiisiennes,
jects in the six frescos. The themes are 1874. Operettas Delassements Co-
: Ma fille,
mostly from Hungarian folk-songs. The miques, Paris, 1866 Le vengeur, Athcuue, ;
oratorio was given at Weimar, June 11, 1868 Le mariage d'uuo etoile, Boufl'es
;
1871, under Liszt's direction first time in ; Parisiens, 1876 Quiuolette La clef d'ar-
; ;
Loudon, Feb. 24 1S7(J in Brooklyn, New ; gent La tartaue Madame Clara sonnam-
; ;
York, Feb. 28, 1884. Published by Kahnt bule, Palais Royal, 1877 Deux portieres ;
(Leipsic, 1873).— Pohl, Liszt, 331 Allgem. ; pour uu cordon (with Hervc and Lecocq,
mus. Zeitg. (18G5), 595, (504 Mu.s. Woch- ; under the collective pseudonym of Alcin-
eublatt (1871), 412 Athen;T!uni (1876), i.
; dor), ib., 1869 Romances and melodies
;
337 Upton, Standard Oratorios, 180.

; for voice. —
Fc'tis, Supplement, ii. 94.
LEGENDEN (Legends), for the piano- LEGRENZI, GIOVANNI, boru at Clu-

forte for four hands, by Anton in DvoMk, op. sone, near Bergamo, about 1625, died in
59, dedicated to Eduard Hanslick. Part 1 Venice in July, 1690. Dramatic and church
I. Allegretto, in D minor H. Molto mode- ; composer, pupil of Pallavicino became or- ;
rato, in G ; IH. Allegro giusto, iu G minor ;

ganist of S. 31. Maggiore in his native city,
I\'. Molto maestoso, iu C ; V. Allegro giusto then maestro di cappella of the chm-ch
iu A-flat ; Part 2 : VI. Allegro con moto, in dello Spirito Santo at Ferrara, and in or
C Vn. Allegretto
; grazioso, in A ; VHI. after1664 director of the Conservatorio de'
Un poco allegretto e grazioso, in F ; IX. Mendicauti at Venice, where he was also,
Andante con moto, iu D X. Andante, iu B- ; from 1685, maestro di cappella at San
flat. Published by Simrock (Berlin, 1881). Marco, the orchestra of which he consider-
LfiG^RES HIEONDELLES. See ably enlargetl and improved. His operas
Mignon. show a marked progress over those of his
LEGNANI, LUIGI, born in MUan in predecessors, especially in the instrumenta-
1790, died at Geneva after 1835. Virtuoso tion. He was the master of Lotti. Works
on the guitar, appeared in concerts in Operas Achille iu Sciro, Venice, 1664 — :
;
1819-25 with great success, then settled in Zenobia e Radamisto, 1665 Tiridate, 1669 ; ;
Geneva as instructor. Works Terramoto Eteocle e Polinice, and La divisione del

:
con variazioui, solo for guitar Variations mondo, 1675 Adone iu Cipro, and Ger-
; ;
LEHMAN N
manico snl Reno, ICuG Totila, 1(177 An- ; ; ' Works : Christus, oratorio ; Chorals ; Sa-
tioco il Grande, II Creso, and Pausania, cred part-songs ; Songs for schools. Sev-
1681 Ottaviano Cesaie Aiigusto, and Lisi-
; eral theoretical works. — Mendel.
macco ricamato da Alessaudro, 1C82 I due ; LEIBROCK, JOSEF ADOLF, bom at
Cesari, Giustino, and L'anarchia dell' im- Brunswick, Jan. 8, 1808, died in Berlin,
pero, 1G83 Public Elio Pertinace, 1G84.
; Aug. 8, 1886. Violoncellist, pupil of Con-
Concerto di messe e salmi a 3 e 4 voci (Ven- '
zertmcister Maucourt on the violin, of Go-
deke on the violoncello, and of Zinkei-
sen in theory. On the point of taking
' up the study of theology at tlic univers-
he accepted a position as violoncellist ity,
in the court orchestra at Brunswick, which

ice, 1654) Motetti a; 2, 3 e 4 voci (1655) he resumed after having conducted the the-
do. a 5 voci (1G60) ; Sacri e festivi con- atre at Ratisbon in 1830. Works Music to :
cert!, messe e salmi a due cori (1657) Sen- Schiller's Die Riiuber, and to several melo-
;
timcnti devoti a 2 e 3 voci (16G0) Com- dramas ; Overtures String quartets, pi- ; ;
j)ietecon litauie ed autifone, etc., a 5 voci anoforte music, and songs. He published
(1662) Cantata a voce sola (1674)
; Idee Akkordenlehre (1875). Fo- ; Musikalische —
armonicLe a 2 e 3 voci (1678) Ecbi di re- tis Mendel Riemann.; ; ;
verenza, 14 cantate a voce sola (1679) Mo- LEICESTER, ou le chateau de Kenil- ;
tetti sacri a voce sola con tre stromenti worth, French opi'ra-comique in three acts.
(1692) Suonate per chiesa (1655) Suonate
; text by Scribe and Melesvillc, music by Au-
;
da chiesa e da camera a tre (1656) do. a 2, ber, represented at the Opura Comique,
;
3 e 4 voci (1793) Una muta di suonate Paris, Jan. 25, 1823. Subject from W.alter
;
(1664) Suonate a 2 violini o violone Scott's romance. The opera had but little
;
(1GG7) La cetra, suonate a 2, 3 e 4 stro- success. Published by Haslinger (Vienna,

;
menti (1673) Suonate a 2 \'iolini e violon- 1840). Allgem. mu.s. Zeitung, xxix. 20.
; —
cello (1G77). Fctis Mendel —Gerber LEIDESDORF, ILVX JOSEF, bora in
; ; ;
Schilling Riemann.
; Vienna in 1780, died in Florence, Sept. 26,
LEHMANN, FRIED RICH ADOLF, 1839. Pianist and instrumental composer,
Freiherr VON, born at Meissen in 1768, died settled in Florence after 1827. Works:
atHalle, Jan. 11, 1841. Amateur pianist and Esther, oratorio for 4 voices, with chorus
instrumental and vocal composer. Till the and orchestra Quintet for pianoforte and ;
time of Schubert his songs were the most strings, op. 66 Quartet do., op. 123 Trio ; ;
appreciated. Works 6 marches for grand do., op. 70 Rondeau brillant, for piano-
: ;
orchestra Marches and variations for i)ianoforte, strings, flute, and clarinet, op. 128
; ;
forte Part-songs for 3—4 voices

; Many Sonatas for pianoforte and violin Con- ;
;
songs. —
Ft'tis Gerber Mendel Schilling. certos, sonatas, variations, fantasias, and
; ; ;
LEHMANN, JOHANN GOTTLIEB, born other pieces for pianoforte. — Fi'tis ; Men-
at Ponsdorf, near Finsterwalde, Prussia, del ; Wurzbach.
Jan. 26, 1821, still living, 1889. Vocal LEIDGEBEL, AMANDUS LEOPOLD,
composer and at Guhrau, Dec. 26, 1816, died in
didactic wi-iter, pupil of born
Hentschel at the seminary at Weissenfels Berlin, September, 1886. Pianist and or-
in 1838-40 for fourteen years school- ganist, studied music in Breslau, and settled
;
master and music teacher in dift'erent in 1843 in Berlin, where he completed bis
places, and iinally appointed instructor in course of composition under Mars, and be-
the seminary at Elsterwerda. He is an came a successful teacher. Works Quintet :
esteemed contributor to musical iwpcrs. for pianoforte and strings ;

Quartet, do.;
LEIGIITOX
Sonatas for pianoforte anil violin ; Duos, in D, for mixed voices, organ accompani-
sonatas,caprices do concert, and other ment ; in A Mass in E-flat Ave
!Mass ; ;
jjieces for pianoforte ; Several collectious Maria Te Deum in D Requiem for mixed
; ;
of songs. —Fetis, Supplement, ii. 95 ; Men- voices and organ Suite of Wedding Mu-
;
del. sic, for violin and pianoforte Wedding ;
LEIGHTON, Sir WILLLiM, English March, Twilight, Gavotte, Devotion, Fan-

composer and 17th centuries. tasma. Scherzo, and other pieces for the
of the IGth
He lived inLondon, and was one of the pianoforte. He is author also of The Mod-
Gentlemen Pensioners of Elizabeth and ern School of Piano Technics Preparatory ;
James I. "Works The Teares or Lamen- Piano Method.

:
tacions of a Sorrowfull Soule Composed LEJEUNE, CLAUDE (Claudin), born at

;
with Musicall Ayres and Songs both for Valenciennes about

Voyces and Divers Instruments (lCl-1), a 1530, died between
collection of 54 psalms and hymns. Only 1598 and 1G03. Con-
the first 8 are by Leighton, the other contrapuntist, not to be
tributors being Byrd, Bull, Dowlaud, Ford, confounded with
Orlando Gibbons, Giles, Hooiêr, Wilbye, Claude de Sermisy ;
Weelkes, and Milton. —

Grove FiJtis. ; was probably not in
LEITERT, JOHANN GEORG, born in France in 1572, since
Dresden, Sept. 29, 1852, died there, Dec. 11, he was a Huguenot,
1883. Virtuoso on the f)ianoforte, pupil of yet escaped the mas-
Krilgen and Reichel, and in harmony of sacre of St. Bartholomew, but in 1581 was
Rischbieter afterwards in Rome pupil of at the court of Henri IH., and wrote music
;
Liszt. He played with success in a concert for the wedding of the Due de Joyeuse.
in Dresden before attaining his thirteenth There is a story that during the siege of
year, and was soon after invited to play Paris, in the wars of the League, he at-
in the Gewandhaus, Leipsic. He went to tempted flight, carrying all his manuscript
England in 1867, to Weimar in 18G9, and compositions with him, but was captured by
followed Liszt to Rome, where he spent two the Catholic soldiery and would have seen
winters (18G9-70), winning apijlause in sev- his works burned if a Catholic musician,
eral concerts. He returned to Dresden in Jacques Mauduit, had not rescued them and
1871, and with Wilhelraj made a brilliant helped him to escape. He entered the ser-
concert tour through Germany, Poland, vice of Henri IV. and was granted the title
and Russia in 1872. His compositions are of composer of the king's chamber music.
mostly salon pieces in the modern style. He enjoyed a great reputation among his
— Mendel ; Riemann. French contemporaries. Works Livre de :
LEJEAL, ALOIS FRANCIS, born in melanges (Antwerp, 1585, Paris, 1G07)

Hagenau, Alsace, Jan. 15, 1810, still living, Recueil de plusieurs chansons et airs nou-
1889. Pianist, pupil of his uncle Ignatius veaus (Paris, 1591) Dodecacorde contenant
;
Garner, and in composition of M. E. Sachs douze i^saumes de David (LaRochelle, 1598,

in Munich. He went to America and in Paris, 1G08 and 1G18) Le Printemps ;
18G2 was settled in New York whei-e, in (Paris, 1G03) Missa (ib., 1G07) Psaumes
; ;
connection with Edward Molleuhauer and de David (ib., 1G07-8) Psaumes de Marot;
S. N. Griswold, he founded the New York et de Thoodore de BL-ze (La Rochelle, 1G08,
Conservatory of Music. In 1870 he re- and many later editions in different coun-
turned to Europe, but again went to Amer- tries), having been almost universally used
icaand in 1875 settled in San Francisco, in Calvinistic churches Airs (Paris, 1G08) ;
where he has since resided. Works Mass Octouaires de la vanitc et incoustance du

:
LE JOUR
monJe (ib., IGIO) ; Second des mes- ment, 1825 Les rencontres (with Catrufo),
livre ;
langes (ib., 1G12, Antwerp, 1G17).— Fctis 1828 i\jrangements of several of Rossini's
; ;
Mendel, vi. 289 ; Ambros, Gesck, iii. 343 operas Military symphony Pianoforte and
; ; ;
Burney, Hist, iii. 4:6, 265 Hawkins, Hist, instrumental pieces Songs. Ftitis Men-
; ; — ;
iii. 204, 454. del ; Larousse.

LE JOUR BAISSE ET MA MÊE. See LEilMENS, JACQUES NICOLAS, born
Le Prophcte. at Zoerle-Parwys, province of Autwei-p, Jan.
LELIO, OU LE KETOUR A LA VIE. 3, 1823, died at Linterport Castle, near
See ^nsode de la vie d'un artiste. Mechlin, Jan. 30, 1881. Virtuoso on the
LE1VL4IRE, CHARLES, born in Paris in organ and pianist, pupil of his father, and
the second balf of the 17th centui-y, died at Diest of Van der Brocck, then (1839) at
there in 1704. Vocal composer, member of the Couservatoii-e, Brussels, of Godineau on
the chapel of Louis XIV. in 1669-1702. the pianoforte ; mean-
again, in 1841, having
Works— Cantatas for solo voice : Les quatre while been for some months organist at
saisons Le sacrifice d'amour Endymion
; ;
;
Diest, pupil of Michelot on the pianoforte,
La Constance Le retour du printemps.
; of Gii'schner on the organ, and of FOtis in
Collection of motets for 1-2 voices, with counterpoint and fugue. He went in 1846
basso contimio ; Collection of songs. — Fu- with a government pension to Breslau to
tis ; Mendel ; Schilling. study under Adolf Hesse, and in 1849 be-
LE MIEN, DIT-IL. See GuiUaume Tell. came i^rofessor of organ at the Conserva-
LEMlfiEE DE CORVEY, JEAN FRE- toire, Brussels. In 1857 he man-ied the
DERIC AUGUSTE, born at Renuesin 1770, singer Miss Sherrington, and thenceforth
died in Paris, April 19, 1832. Dramatic lived much in England, but in 1879 he
composer ; studied music in his native town, opened a college for training Catholic or-
served in the republican army, and in 1792 ganists and choirmasters at Mechlin.
went to Paris, where he took lessons in Works Improvisations, sonatas, and many
:
harmony of Berton, and attracted attention other compositions (over GO), for organ ;
by setting a newspaper article to music. Te Deum 2 symphonies for orchestra

;
He was ajijôinted aide to Gen. Thit'bault in Motets and songs Sonatas and other pieces ;
Belgium returned to Paris in 1794 fought

; ; for 2)ianoforte ; l^cole d'orgue, in use at the
in Germany in 1796-97, and was wounded ;
Conservatoires of Brussels, Paris, and other
served through the campaigns in Prussia, cities. Fetis — do., Supplement, ii. 97 ; ;
Poland, Spain, and at Waterloo, and set- Mendel ; Riemann.

tled in Paris in 1817, but was no longer LEMOYNE, G-ABRIEL, born in Berlin,
successful in composing, and died of the Oct died in Paris, July 15, 1815.
14, 1772,
cholera. Wôrks Operas and oj)erettas — : Pianist, sou of Jean Baptiste Lemoyne,
Constance, 1790 Les chevaliers errants, ; whom he followed to Paris at the age of nine
1792 Crisjjin rival, Le poeme vole, 1793
; : years pupil of Clement and Edelmann ou
;
Scone patriotique, La reprise de Toulon, the pianoforte and in harmony ; made con-
Andros et Almona, 1794 Le congri-s des ; cert tours in France and the Netherlands,
rois (in collaboration) Babouc, L'ecolier en ;
with the violinist Lafout, during the first
vacances, Les suspects, La blonde et la years of this century. After his return to
brune, 1795 La moitie du cbemin, 1796
; ;
Paris,he devoted himself to teaching and
Les deux orphelines. La maison changee. composition. Works: L'entre-sol, opera
La paix et I'amour, Les deux Crispins, 1798 ;
(with Piccinui), Theatre des Varietes, 1802 ;
Le porteur d'eau, 1801; Henri et Fclicie, 2 operettas ; 2 concertos for pianoforte

1808 La cruche cassoe, ou les rivaux de
;
with orchestra ; Trio for pianoforte and
village, 1819 La fausse croisade, Le testa-
;
strings Sonatas for pianoforte and violin
; ;
LEMOYXE
Duo for 2 iîaiiofortes ; Sonatas, caprices, Pari.s, Dec. 15, 1829. Dramatic composer,
fantasias, rondos, and other pieces for pi- Iûpil of his father, who was a musician in
anoforte ; 4 collections of romances. —Fe- the service of the Elector, and of Cauna-
tis ; Meudel. bich ; went to Paris in 1784. "Works
LEMOYNE, (JEAN BAPTISTS MOYNE) Lausus et Lydie, opera (with Mehid)
called, born at Eymet (Porigord), April 3, L' Amour et Psyche, opera-ballet ; Joad,
1751, died in Paris, Dec. 30, 179G. Dra- oratorio, performed at the Concerts Spiritu-
matic composer; studied music under liia els, 1784 Septets and quartets for strings ; ;
uncle, who was maitre de cliaijelle of the Sonatas for jjiauoforte. Fetis. —
cathedral at Perigueux then acted as chef LENORA, cantata, text by John Oxen-
;
d'orchestre in several cities of France, and ford, music by George Alexander Macfarren,
about 1770 became a jiupil of Grann, Kirn- first given at the Royal Academy, London,
berger, and J. A. P. Schulz in Berlin, and July 3, 1852 by the Harmonic Union, Lon- ;
was ajjpointed assistant director of the don, Ajoril 25, 1853. Miss Louisa Pyne,
court theatre there. In 1775 he went to Mme. Macfarren, and Herr Staudigl sang
"Warsaw, but returned to France, and after the solos. Athenreum (1852), 756. —
a tour in Italy again made Paris his home, LENORE STJIPHONY, in E, for or-
in 1788. —
"Works Operas Lo bouqiiet de chestra, by Joachim Raft', op. 177, first per-
:
Colette, "Warsaw, 1775 ; Electre, Paris, 1782 ;

formed at a Festival in Spa in September,
Phi'dre, 178G Nephte, ib., 1789 Les
ib., ; ;
1873. This is Rafif' s fifth and most popular
pretendus, ib., 1789 Louis IX en Egypte, ; symj)hony. I. Liebesgliick (Allegro, An-
ib., 1790 Les pommiers et Ic moulin, ib.,
; dante quasi Larghetto) H. Trennung ;
1790 EHride, ib., 1792 Miltiade a Mara-

; ; (^larch tempo) HI. "Wiedervereinigung im
;
thon, ib., 1793 Toute la Grece, ib., 1794

; ;
Tode, Introduction and Ballad after Biirg-
Le ou les vrais sans-culottes, ib.,
batelier, er"s " Lenore " (Allegro). The final move-
1794 Le compere Luc, ib., 1794 Le men- ment describes with great skill the grotesque
; ;
songe officieux, ib., 1795 Nadir, ou le ride, the dance of the spectres, and the
;
dormeur eveille Sylvius Nerva, ou la death of Lenore.

; This symphony was first
malediction paterneUe L'ile des fem- performed by the Philharmonic Society of
;
mes. Ode sur le combat d'Ouessant, in New York in the season of 1873-74, and at
the form of an oratorio, executed at the the Ci-ystal Palace, London, Nov. 14, 1874.
—
Concerts Spirituels, 1778. Fetis; Mendel; Published by Seitz (Leipsic, 1873). Athe- —
Schilling. nreum (1874), ii. 685 Grove, iii. 296 Up- ; ;
LENEPVEU, CHARLES FERDINAND, ton,Standard Symphonies, 209.

born Rouen, Oct. 4, 1840, still living,
at LENTON, JOHN, English composer of
1889. Dramatic composer, pupil in Paris of the latter jxart of the 17th century, died
Augustin Savard, and at the Conservatoire after 1711. He was a member of the bands
(1863) of Ambroise Thomas received the ; of William and Mary and of Queen Anne.
prix de Rome in 1875, and after his return Works The Gentleman's Diversion, or the
;
to Paris in 1868 continued the study of Violin explained (1693 2d ed., entitled ;
counterpoint and fugue under Alexis Chau- The Useful Instructor on the Violin, 1702) ;
vet. Works : Le Florentin, opera, given at A Consort of Musick in three parts (about
the Optra Comique, 1874 ; Velleda, opera ;
1694, with Thomas Toilet) Overtures and ;
Renaud dans les jardins d'Ai-mide, cantata, act tunes for the following plays : Venice
1866 Requiem, 1871
; ; Pianoforte music. Preserved, 1685, The Ambitious Stepmother,
— Fetis, Supplement, ii. 99. 1700, Tamburlain, 1702, The Fair Penitent,
LENOBLE, JOSEPH, born at Mann- 1703, Liberty Asserted, 1704, Abra Muley,
heim, Sept. 1, 1753, died at Brunoy, near 1704 ; Songs ; Revised music for earlier
LENTZ
editions of Pills to purge
Melancholy. wrote Lis famous 8-voice ^Miserere for the
— Grove. Duke of Savoy, who rewarded Lim with a
LENTZ, HEINRICH GERHARD, bom pension of one hundred ounces of silver.
iu Cologne iu 17G4, died in Warsaw, Aug. He was probably tLe greatest teacLer
of Lis
21, 1839. Pianist and instrumental com- day Jommelli and Piccinni were among ;
poser, pujiil of Lis father, a distinguished Lis pupils. He was also a fine organist and
organist, on the pianoforte and the organ. violoncellist, being one of the first to intro-
In 1784 he went to Paris, where he jjlayed duce the violoncello into Italy. His death
a concerto of his composition at the Con- was very sudden he was found in his ;
certs Spirituals lived in London, playing in room, seated witL Lis Lead resting on Lis
;
concerts and teaching, in 1792-9.5, then iu clavecin, to all appearances asleep, but
Germany as secretary to Prince Louis Ferdi- really dead. To Leo, togetLer witL Lis pre-
nand of Prussia till 1802, when he went to decessor Alessandro Scarlatti, and Lis con-
Halle. Soon after this he took up his resi- temporaries Durante and Feo, belongs tLe
dence at Lemberg, Galicia, and finally set- glory of founding the Neapolitan school,
tled at Warsaw, where he founded a piano- which during a century gave to Europe
forte factory. Works 2 symphonies, op. many of its greatest composers.
:
In sacred
10, and in G ; 3 concertos for pianoforte, composition he rises almost to the sublim-
op. 4, G, 7 ; 9 trios for pianoforte and ity of Durante, while he quite equals him
strings, oj). G, 8 9 sonatas for pianoforte in iûrity of style and sui-passes Lim in
;
and violin, op. 1, 2, 3 ; 3 sonatas for jji- charm. In opera his stylo is noble, simple,
anoforte, 2 of them with flute and ; he knew
bass, and often esisressively dramatic
1 with violin, op. 11 ; produce striking efTects bj- the sim-
Airs varies, preludes, how to
and other pieces for pianoforte Songs. Fc- plest means. ; —
tis Mendel Schilling.
; ; Works I. Operas II gran giorno d' Ai- : :
LEO, LEONAllDO, born at San Vito cadia, serenata a 4 voci, for the birthday
deg1i SchiaVi of Leopold, Archduke of Austria, 171G ;
Kingdom of Na- Diana amante, serenata for the fete of the

ples, in 1094, died contessa Daun, vice-cjueeu of Naples, 1717 ;
in Naples iu 174G. Le uozze in dansa, pastorale, given at the

He studied under house of the principe di San Nicaudra,
Alessandro Scar- 1718 Serenata in praise of Sir George ;
latti and Fago at Bingh, 1779 SafonUba, Naples, Teatro ;
the Conservatorio San Bartolomeo, 1719 Cajo Gracco, ib., ;
della Pieta de' 1720 Bajazette, ib., at the viceregal palace, ;
Turchini, and also 1722 Tamerlano, Rome, 1722 Timocrate, ; ;
probably took Venice, Teatro Sant' Angiolo, 1723 Zeno- ;
counterpoint lessons of Pitoni in Rome. On bia in Palmira, Naj)les, Teatro San Bartolo-
his return to Naples, after the completion of meo, 1725 Astianatte, ib., 1725 La So- ; ;
his studies, he was appointed second master miglianza, ib., Teatro de' Fiorentini, 172G ;
at La Pieta in 1710 he was named organist L' Orismane, ossia gli sdegni degli amori,
;
of the Royid Chapel, and in 1717 maestro ib., Teatro Nuovo, 172G II trionfo di Ca- ;
di cappella at Santa Maria della Solitaria. milla, regina de' Yolsci, Rome, Teatro Ca-
A few years later he quitted La Pieta for pranica, 1726 Alrssamlro nell' Indie, ib., ;
the Conservatorio di San Onofrio, where 1727 Giro riconosciuto, Naples, 1728 Ar- ; ;
he remained for the rest of his life. His "•ene, ib., 1728 La Zingai-a, intermezzo, ;
first opera, Sofouisba, was brought out ib., 1731 Litermezzi for Argeue, 1731 ; ;
in 1719 with great success. In 1743 he Calouc in Utica, Venice, 1732 Amors da ;
lEocadie
sfinno, Naples, Teatro Nuovo, 1733 ; Emiia Magnificat a 5 voci ed orch. ; Lezione per
by Ignazio Prota), ib.,Teatro
(witli inteniiezzi il mercoledl, il giovedi ed il venerdi della
San Bartolomeo, 1733 La demenza di Tito, ;
settimana sauta Responsorj a 4 voci, for
;
1735 Onore viuee Amore, Naples, Teatro

;
San Antonio in Padua Responsorj a 4 voci ;
de' Fioreutiui, 1736 La simpatia del san- ;

per il mercoledl, il giovedi ed il venerdi
gue, ib., Teatro Nuovo, 1737 Siface, Bo- ;
della settimana santa ; Cantata per il glori-
logna, Teatro Malvezzi, 1737 Festa tea- ;

oso San Vincenzo Ferrari, o sia motetto a
trale,Naples, 1739 La contesa dell' Amore ;
5 voci con stromenti Cantata peril miracolo ;
e deUa Virtti, ib., 1740 II Medo, ib., 1740 del glorioso San Genuaro a 5 voci e grande
; ;
II matrimonio nascoso, ib., 1740 Alessan- orchestra Motetto, Jam sun-exit dies glo- ; ;
dro, ib., Teatro de' Fiorentini, 1741 De- riosa, a 5 voci ed orch. Motetto a 2 cori, ; ;
mofoonle, ib., Teatro San Carlo, 1741 1736 Pange lingua, a 4 voci, 1744 Chris- ;
; ;
Andromeda, ib., ib., 1742 Vologeso, ib., ;
1744 Jjh Jinla Frascataua (posthumous, fin-

;
ished by Capranica), ib., Teatro Nuovo,

1744. The dates of the following are uncer-
oQoYUVubS sêr^ —
tain, or wholly unknown Evergete, Naples, : tus, a 2 cori, in D ; Christus, alia Palestrina,
about 1730 (?) II trioufo di Camillo, ib., ; in G ; Tu es sacerdos, a 4 voci ; Tantum
about 1735 (?) Le nozze di Psiche, ib., ; ergo, a 4 voci ; Alleluia, a 4 voci ; Laudate
about 1735 (?) Amor vuol soflferenza, about
; pueri, a 2 soprani con coro Ave maris Stella ;
1740 (?) Artaserse, Naples, about 1740 (?);

; per voce di soprano, 2 violini, viola ed or-
L' Olimpiade, ib., about 1740 (?) Nitocri, ; gano (Paris, Porro).
regiua d' Egitto, ib., about 1740 (?) Achille ; IV. Instrumental : Toccatas for clavecin
in Sciro, Turin, 1743 (?); IlPisistrate, Naples, books of fugues for organ Six concertos 2 ;
about 1750 (?) II conte, Naples, Teatro de' for violoncello, with 2 violins, viola, and
;
Fiorentini; Alidoro, ib., ib. La fedelta odi- bass, 1737-38 6 books of solfeggj for the ; ;
ata, ib., ib. Ezio ; Lucio Papirio, dittatore, Conservatorio di San Ouofrio
; 2 books of ;
Naples Arianua e Teseo, cantata teatrale.

; partimenti (figured basses) for the same
n. Oratorios La morte d' Abele, in two school 56 airs in score, with instruments,
: ;
parts, 1732 Santa Elena al Calvario, in duets, trios, etc.

; Villarosa, Memorie dei —
two parts, 1733 Santa Chiara, in two parts compositori di musica del regno di Napoli,
;
II Santo Alessio. 101 (Naples, 1840) Fetis. ;
III. Church music Messa a 4 voci, alia LEOCADIE, drame lyrique in three acts,
:
Palestrina Messa a 4 voci ed orchestra (in text by Scribe and Mi'lesville, music by
;
the Paris Conservatoire Library) Messa a 5 Auber, first ref)resented at the Oj)era Co- ;
voci ed organo, in D, Rome, San Giacomo mique, Paris, Nov. 4, 1824. Clement et —
de' Spagnuoli, 1743 2 Messe a 5 voci ed Larousse, 399. ;
orch., in F and G Credo a 10 voci in 2 LfiOLINE. See L'Ame en peine.

;
cori ed orch. Credo a 4 voci ed orch.; ; LEONARD, HUBERT, born at Bellaire,

Dixit a 4 voci ed organo Dixit a 5 voci ed near Liege, April 7, 1819, still hving, 1889.
;
organo, in D Dixit a 5 voci, violini, viola Violinist, pupil of Rouma, and at the Paris
;
ed organo Dixit a 5 voci, violini, viola, 2 Conservatoire of Habeneck became violin-

;
;
flauti, 2 clarini ed organo Dixit a 10 voci ist at the Theatre des Varietes, then at the;
in 2 cori ed orch., 1741 Dixit a 10 voci in Opera Comique, and later at the Opera.
;
2 cori, e 2 orchestre, 1743 Te Deum a 4 He left the Conservatoire in 1839, made ;
voci ed orch. Miiierere a 8 voci in 2 cori, a concert tours in 1844-48, and in the latter
;
cappella ; Miserere a 4 voci ed organo year succeeded de Beriot as first professor

;
Magnificat a 4 voci, 2 violini ed organo ;

of violin at the Brussels Conservatoire.
J.Ron
He married tlio singer Aiitoiiia Sitclicr do Cathedral of Vicenza, and was one
of the
Meudi in 1851, and the two made success- musicians who dedicated a collection of
ful ijrofessional tours in France, Holland, psalms to Palcstrina in 15!)2. Works
Denmark, Sweden, Norway, and Russia. Madrigali (1588, 15'J5, 1598, 1C02) Mo- ;
Resigning his position in Brussels in 18G(), tetti a sei voci (1G03) Motetti a due, tre ;
he lived in Paris and was much sought as a c quattro voci (IGOC, 1G08, 2d ed. as Sacri
teacher. Works : G sonatas and Le Trille Fiori, 1G09-10) ; Motetti a otto voci (1G08)
du Diahle by harmonized from the Motetti a una, due e tre voci (1G09, IGU)
Tartini,
;
original figured bass 5 concertos with or- Omnia psalmodia solemnitatum octo vocum
;
chestra G concert pieces for violin and (1G13)

; Prima parte dell' aurea corona ;
Ijianoforte Serenade for 3 violins

; Concert ingemmata d' armonici coucerti (1615)
;
duet for 2 violins Valse caprice Fanta- Madrigals and motets in several collec-
; ;
sias Rctits morceaux caracteristiques

; GO tions. Fetis Riemann Mendel Schil-
; — ; ; ;
duets for violin and pianoforte on opera ling.

airs i duets with pianoforte (with LitollT)
; LEONORE. See Fideliu.
4 do. with violoncello (with Servais) 5 mel- Ll'ÔNORE, ou I'amour conjugale, opera-
;
odies of Wagner for violin and pianoforte 21 comique, in two acts, text by Jean Nicolas ;
etudes classiques 24 etudes harnioniques

; Bouilly, music by Gaveaux, represented at ;
Gymnastique du violoniste Petite gymnas- the Opera Coniique, Paris, Feb. I'J, 1798
;
;
tique du jeune violoniste Ecole Leonard Italian version, music by Ferdinando Paer,
; ;
L'ancieune ecole italienne. —

Fetis do., Sup- Dresden, Oct. 3, 1804.
; The text is the
plement, ii. 100 Mendel Riemanu, 518.
; same as that of Beethoven's Fidelia.
;
L£0N DE S.VINT-LUBIN. See Sai.nt- LEONORE, overtures by Beethoven,

Lubiu. written for the opera Leonora, or Fidelia.
LEONHAim, JULIUS EMIL, bom at Beethoven wrote at dift'erent times four
Lauban, Prussian Silesia, June 13, 1810, overtures for this opera, of which three, all
died in Dresden, June 23, 1883. Pianist, in C, are known respectively as Leonore
lirst instructed by his father, then entirely No. 1, No. 2, and No. 3, and the fourth in E,
self-taught, chiefly from the works of Al- as Fidelio. No. 1, op. 138 (posthumous),
brectsberger, while studying at the Univer- was written for a performance of the opera
sity of Breslau. In 1831 he went to Leip- at Prague in Maj-, 1807, which never came
sic, where he appeared in the Gewandliaus olT. It was rehearseil by a small orchestra
concerts, and at a later period (1815), hav- at Prince Lichnowsky's, but was pronounced
ing spent the j-ear of 1841 in his native too light first performed from ]\1S. in ^'ien-
;
town, produced with great success several na, Feb. 7, 1828. Published by Haslinger
of his compositions in the Gewandhaus. In (Vienna, 1832). No. 2, op. 72, written for
[
1852 he was appointed professor of piano- a production of the opera on Nov. 20, 1805,
forte at the Couservatorium in Munich, and was too difficult for the wind instruments.
held the same position in Dresden in 185!)- ! Jloscheles says this is the cleverest, and
73. Works Johannes der Tiiufer, oratorio
: best characterizes the subject. Published ;
3 church cantatas for chorus and orchestra by Breitkopf & Hiirtel (Leipsie, 1842, 1854). ;
Symphony Overture to Oehlenscliliigcr's No. 3, op. 72, written for representation of

;
Axel uud Walburg Quartet for pianoforte Fidelio in Vienna, March 29, 180G, is a con-
;
and strings; 3 trios for do.; 2 sonatas for densed and improved version of No. 2, but
pianoforte and violin Pianoforte pieces was deemed too long and too difficult for
; ;
Part-songs, and songs. Mendel. —

the strings. Published by Breitkojif it Hiir-
LEONI, LEONE, born about 15G0, died tel (1810). No. 4, Fidelio, op. 72, in E
(?). He became maestro di cappella of the was written for the secoud and final revision
LE PEKFIDE
of the opera, and was first playeil, May 26, visited England. "Works Die crste Fulte, :
1814. Published by Ijreitkopf k Hartel opera, given in Prague, 1867, "Wiesbaden,

(1804). Breitkopf & Hiirtcl, Beethoveu 1881; Pianoforte music; Songs. Fetis, —
"Wcrke, Serie 3, Nos. 2, 3, 4, and 9. These Supplement, ii. 103 Grove Mendel, ; ;
fi)ur overtures were perfoi'med under Men- Ergilnz., 214 Riemann. ;
delssohn's direction at the Gewandhaus, LESLIE, HENRY (DAVID), born in Lon-

Leipsic, Jan. 11, 1840. Various arrange- don, June 18, 1822,
ments have been made for pianoforte for still living, 1889. He
two, four, and eight hands, and for string
quartet and quintet. —
Thayer, Verzeich-
'i'
%- -^ ^^^^
studied under Charles
Lucas in 1838, and for
^
iiiss, 64 Marx, Beethoven, i. 310 ii. 446
; ; some years played vio-
;
Lenz, Beethoven, vol. ii., part 3, 140 Not- ; loncello at the Sacred
tebohni, Beethoveniaua, GO Schindler, 127 ; ; Harmonic Society and
Schumann, Gesammelte Schriften, ii. 147, elsewhere ; became
274. honorary secretary of
LE PERFIDE RENAUD ME
'
FUIT. -— the Amateur ]\Iusical
See Armide et Eenaud. Society in 1847, and

LE PM^VOST, £TIENNE ALEXAN- was its conductor in 185.5-61. In 1855 he
DRE, born at Treviso, Nov. 25, 1812, died formed the choir bearing his name, which
in Paris, Dee. 19, 1874. Organist, pupil in took the first prize at the international com-
Paris of Poirier-Lataille and at the school petition of choirs in Paris in 1878 ; was
founded by Choron studied at the Conser-
; made conductor of the Herefordshire Phil-
vatoire in 1832-33 under Fetis, Halevy, and harmonic Society in 1863, took charge iu
Berton. He was organist successively of 1864 of the National College of Music, au
the churches of Saint-Paul, Saint-Louis, institution that did not live long, and from
Saint-Merry, Saint-Eustache, and from 1844 1874 acted as director of the Guild of Ama-
of Saint-Roch. "Works Masses Ave: ; teur Musician.s. He has the reputation of
Maria Doiuine salvum fac regem Adore-
; ; being one of tlie most successful choir train-
luus ;Organ music Le reveur oveille,
; ers England has ever produced. Works :
opera, Paris, 1848 Halte dans les bois, a

; Covent Garden, 1864 Romance,
Ida, opera, ;
cantata Overtures, choruses, etc.

; Fetis —
or Bold Dick Turpin, operetta, 1857 Im-
;
;
do.. Supplement, ii. 102 Mendel. ; manuel, oratorio, 1855 Judith, do., Bir- ;
LE RAProE ET LEGER NAYIRE. mingham Festival, 1858 Holyrood, can- ;
See Jj' A friraiiir. tata, 1860 The Daughter of the Isles, do., ;
LESCHETITZKY, THEODOR, born at 1861 Symjihony for orchestra, 1847 The ; ;
Leniberg, Galicia, Templar, dramatic overture, 1852 Te Deum ;
in 1831, still living, and Jubilate Anthems Part-songs and ; ;
1889. Pianist his songs. Grove Riemann Fctis do., Sup-

; — ; ; ;
playing attracted at- plement, ii. 105 Mendel. ;
tention in Vienna in LES RENDEZ-VOUS DE NOBLE COM-

184.'>. He was for PAGNIE. See Le Pn: aus Clercs.
some time professor LESSEE, FRANZ, born at Pulawy, Po-
at the Conserva- land, about 1780, died at Petrikov, March,
tory in St. Peters- 1839. The sou of Prince Czartory.ski's mu-
burg, and in 1878 he went to Vienna in 1797 to
sic director,
settled in Vienna as study medicine, but became the pujjil of
a private teacher. In 1880 he married his Haydn, whom he did not leave until his
pupil, Annette Essipoff. He has frequently death. Returning to Poland in 1810, he
LESSOXS
lived with the Czartoryski family, but when Germany, Holland, Franco, and Switzerland.
tliey became exiles, after the Ilevolution of The German Hiindelgesollschaft repro-
1830, he led a life of vicissitude. He lost duced these rn 18.59, with additional pieces.
the place of principal of the Petrikov gym- Dr. Rimbault printed
in his History of the
nasium in 1837, and said to have died of Pianoforte a capriccio on the authority of
is
a broken heart. Works Overture for or- the Princess Amelia's Lesson Book. In the
:
chestra Concerto for pianoforte and or- 18th century these lessons hehl the same
;
chestra Chamber music Fantasias, sona- place in musical literature that Beethoven's
; ;
tas, and other pieces for pianoforte Church sonatas do in the present. Liszt played the ;
; —
music Songs. Grove Sowiiiski, 3G4: Fi'- fourth lesson in E minor at a recital in Lon-
; ;
lis ; Schilling. don with great effect. The :\ISS. of many of

LESSONS, THE, Haqisichord, by these compositions are in Buckingham Pal-
for the
Haudek The first set, published by Cluer ace. Rockstro, Handel, 310 Scha-lcher, — ;
as " Suites de Pieces pour le Clavecin Handel, G3.

(London, 1720), is said to have been com- LESTOCQ, ou I'intrigne et I'amour,
posed for his favourite pupil, the Princess opera in four acts, text by Scribe, music by
Anne. It contains eight suites L in A : Auber, first represented at the Opi'ra Co-
;
n. in F HI. in D minor IV. in E minor

; ; mique, Paris, May 24, 1834, and at Coveut
;
V. in E (containing the Harmonious Black- Garden, London, Feb. 21, 1835, as Lestocq,
smith) ; VI. in F-shai-jD minor ; VII. in (i or the Fute of the Hermitage. It is Auber's
minor ; Printed by Walsh in weakest opera. Published by Sehott (Mainz,
VIII. in F.
1733, with a second set containing I. 1837). Allgein. nms. Zeitung (37), 180 : — ;
Suite in B-flat H. Chaconue (18 variations) N. Zeitschr. f. Mus. (2), S2, 181, 193.
;
in G III. and IV. Suites in D minor

; V. LESUEUR, JEAN FRANCOIS, born at ;
Suite in E minor VI. Suite in G minor Drucat - P 1 e s s i e 1

;
Vn. Suite in B-flat VIII. Suite in G IX. near Abbeville ; ;
Chaconne (62 variations) in G. This was ( S o m m e ) France, ,
followed by a set of Six Fugues or Volun- Feb. 15, 17G0, died

tarys for the Organ or Harpsichord, op. 3, in Paris,Oct. G, 1837.
which are among Handel's best composi- The gTand-nephew
tions for keyed instruments I. Fuga, in G of Eustache Lesu- :
minor H. "in G IH. in B-flat IV. in B eur the

; ; painter, ;
minor V. in A minor VI. in C minor. he w.as admitted, at

; ;
Arnold reprinted Walsh's first and second the age of seven, to

sets under the title of Lessons for the Haqv the maitrise school
sichord (London, 1793), and added a third at Abbeville, and a
set I. Suite in D minor
: II. Suite in G few months later became a choir-boy at
;
minor (both composed for the Princess the cathedral at Amiens, where for seven
Louisa) Lesson in A minor IV. Ca- years he pursued almost all his practical
; III. ;
priccio in G
minor V. Fantasia in C VI. musical studies. At fourteen he entered
; ;
Chaconne in F. He also published a fourth the College of Amiens to study rhetoric

volume, containing the Six Fugues or Volun- and philo.sophy, but did not complete the
tarys. After Handel's death Walsh pub- course, the post of master of music at
lished a hybrid work entitled A Collection the cathedral at Seez being offered him in
of Lessons for the Harpsichord by ]Mr. Han- 1779. This post he quitted six months
del, the fourth book of which contained un- later for that of submaster at the Church
authorized arrangements of short move- of the Saints-Innocents, Paris, whore he got
ments. Other editions were published in some notion of harmony from the Ablxi
LESUEUR
Rozo, but all tlio musical knowledge ho ac- his opera La caverno was brought out at the
quired later was due to his own observa- Opera Comique in 171)2 with much success,
tion and studying the scores of great mas- to be followed in 1791 by Paul et Virginie,
ters. In 1781 he accepted the post of and at last by Telemaque. The success of La
master of music at the cathedral at Dijou, caverne procured him the post of professor
and in 1783 a similar jiosition at Mans, in the Ecole de la Garde Nationale, the
which he soon left to undertake the direc- duties of which he entered upon Nov. 21,
tion of the choir at Saint-Martin at Tours. 1793 he was also appointed one of the in-
;
In 1781 he visited Paris to have some of his spectors of instruction at the Conservatoire
compositions brought out at the Concerts from its foundation in 1795. He co-op-
Spirituels, and was advised by Sacchiui, erated with Mehul, Langle, Gossec, and
then in Paris, to write for the stage. On Catel in editing the Principes eh'mentaires
the recommendation of Gossec, Gretrj', and do musiquo and the Solfeges used at that
Philidor, ho obtained the maitrise of the school but he was not destined to remain
;
Saints-Innoceuts, and in 178G he succeeded at peace with his colleagues. His two
in the competitive examination for the operas, Les bardes and La mort d'Adam,
post of master of music at the Cathedral which had been accepted by the Ojiera,
of Paris. According to the regulations of were set aside in favour of Catel's Semiramis,
the he had to assume the clerical
office, and an explosive pamphlet of his brought
dress, and was known henceforth as I'abbt' about a rupture between himself and Sar-
Lesueur, but he never took orders. He ob- rette, the head of the Conservatoire and
tained permission of the Archbishop of Paris, Catel's patron. The quarrel ended in Le-
and of the chapter of Notre Dame, to intro- sueur's deposition from office at the Conser-
duce a full orchestra into the cathedral, and vatoire in 1802. Abject poverty now stared
during the years 178G and 1787 the church him but in March, 1801, he was
in the face,
was crowded by people who came to hear appointed maitre de chapelle to Napoleon
Lesueur's motets. The brilliancy of these on recommendation of Paisiello. He took
musical services laid him open to attacks advantage of this much envied position to
from conservative ecclesiastical quarters, to have his Les bardes brought out at the
which he replied in two pamphlets " Essai : Opera in July, 1801. Its success was over-
de musique sacree, ou musique motivee et whelming, the Emperor presenting him
methodique, pour la fete de Noi'l, a la with a gold snufi'-box with the inscription
messe du jour" (Paris, Hcrissant, 1787), "L'Emîereur des Francais a I'auteur des
and " Expose d'uue musique une, imitative, Bardes." In 1809 La mort d'Adam was
et particuliere a chaque solennite, oil Ton produced, but without success. In 1811,
donne des principes gcncraus sur les- after the restoration, he was made superin-
quelles on I'l'tablit, et le plan d'une mu- tendent and composer to the Royal Chajiel,
sique propre a la fete de Noel" (ib., 1787). which post he held until the Revolution of
About the same time his opera Tt'lemaque July, 1830. In 1813 he succeeded Gretry
was received by the Academic Royale de (deceased) at the lustitut de France, and in
Musique (Opera), but was not given. His 1817 he was appointed professor of compo-
position at Notre Dame continued to be the sition at the Conservatoire, which office he
source of many troublesome quarrels and held until his death. He was especially
of libellous anonymous pamphlets, and in noted as a teacher twelve of his pupils
;
1788 he retired to the country-seat of M. won the prix de Rome, viz. Bourgeois,
:
Boehard de Champagny, where he passed Ermel, Paris, Guiraud, Berlioz, Eugene

four years in composition. At the death of Prevost, Ambroise Thomas, Elwart, Ernest
his benefactor he returned to Paris, where Boulauger, Besozzi, Xavier Boisselot, and
LET
Gounod. Hehonours. His f:i- (ib., Bcauvais)
died full of 2 P.salms (ib., Lemoine) [
;
;
vourite tlieme was ancient Greek nmsic, and Super llumina Babylonis and 3d Oratorio
he wrote a good deal on the subject in a du Careme (ib., Frey) 3d
rather loose way, for he had quite a talent for Me.sse solenuelle (ib., id.)
^ ;
_7pf /ji£ ;
getting facts wrong. As a composer he was Messe basse, and Motet, ,
noted for a certain grand simplicity of style, Joannes (ib., Lemoine) 1
which even in his own day had rather an 3 Odes of Anaereon (ib., Janet et Cotelle) ;
antiquated flavour, yet his power of pro- G do. (ib., id.). Raoul-Rochette, Notice his- —
ducing striking elt'ects by the simplest of torique sur la vie et les ouvrages de M.
means was undeniably great. Lesueur, Paris Stephen de la Madelaine, ;
Works I. Operas La ravci'iir, Theatre Biographie de Jean-Franyois Le Sueur,

: :
Feydeau, Feb. 15, 17t)3 (in full score, Paris, Paris, 1841 ; Fetia ; Berlioz, ]\Irmoires,
Naderman) ; l-'aul et Virginie, ou le triomphe chaps, vi., xiii., xx.
de la vertu, ib., Jan. 13, IT!)-! (score, ib.); LET OTHERS SING. See The Ruri-
TeU'inaqae dans I'ile de Calypso, ou le tri- lan's Daughter.
omphe de la sagesse, ib., May 11, 170G LET THE BRIGHT SERAPHi;\L so-
(score, ib.) ; 0.-.-.s-w«, ou les bardcs, Opera, prano aria in D
an Israelitish
major, of
July 10, 1804: (score, Paris, Janet) ; L'iuau- woman, with accompaniment of trumpet,
guration du Temple de la Victoire (with violins in iinison, viola, and continue, in
Persuis), ib., Jan. 2, 1807 Le triomphe do Handel's Samson, Act IH., Scene 3.
;
Trajan (with do.), ib., Oct. 23, 1807 La LET THE LOUD TBIBREL. See The
;
mort d'Adam, ib., March 17, 1809 (score Riirilan's Daughter.

published, Paris) ; Tyrtee, received at the LE TROUBLE ET LA FRAYEUR. See
Opera in 1794, but not given Artaxerce, ; Le Domino noir.
received at the Opera in 1801, but not LETZTE ABENCERAGE, DI:R. See
given Alexandre a Babyloue, received in
; Les Abencera'jes.
1823, but not given. LETZTEN DINGE, DIE (The Last
n. Sacred music L'ombre de Sacchini, : Thing.s, commonly called The Last Judg-
cantata. Concert Spirituel, December, 178G ;
ment), oratorio, in two parts, text by Rocli-
Chant des bardes en I'honneur de la pais litz,music by Spohr, first performed in the
ct des hc'ros franyais. Opera, April 14, 1802 ;
Lutheran church, Cassel, on Good Friday,
Messe, ou Oratorio de Noel (Paris, A. Petit, 182G, and also at the Rhenish Festival in
182G) Messe soleunelle, for 4 voices, cho-
; Diisseldorf in that year. At the first per-
rus, and orchestra (ib., published by the formance Spohr's two daughters and Jlessrs.
author, 1827) ; Deborah, oratorio (ib., id., Wild, Albert, and Fiippel sang the soli.
1828) ; 3 Te Deum (ib., id., 1829) ; 3 Mo- JNIalibran calls this oratorio a nuisical por-
tets, pour le careme (ib., trait of Michael Angelo's Last Judgment.
called Oratorios
id., 1829-33) 2d Messe solenuelle (ib., It was given at the Norwich (England) Fes-
;
id., 1831) Marche du couronnement de tival, in 1830 by the Handel and Haydn
; ;
I'Empereur, for grand orch. (only piano- Society, Boston, March 20, 1842. Spohr
forte score published) Music for the fete wrote an oratorio on the same subject. Das
;
of Vendemiaire I., year IX., given by 4; or- jiingste Gericht, in 1812, but abandoned it
chestras at the Livalides (MS.) 2 Ora- after two performances. Spohr, Autobiog- ;
—
torios de la Passion (Paris, Frey) ; Eachel, raphy, ii. 159 ; Allgem. mus. Zeitg. (30), G53 ;
oratorio (ib., id.); Ruth et Noi'mi, do. (ib., Chorley, iModern German ;\[usic, ii.93 Up- ;
id.) Ruth et Booz, do. (ib., id.) 1st, 2d, and

; ;
ton, Standard Oratorios, 283 ; Grove, ii. 554.
3d Oratorios for the coronation of sovereign LKVI?:QUE (L'EvOque), JOHANN WIL-
l)rinces (ib., id.) Sacred cantata and motet ; HELM, boru iu Cologne iu 1759, died iu
LE YE RIDGE
Ilanovor in 181C. Violinist ; stiulieil niusio 187G professor in the New Brvmswick Con-
in Paris wLUe preparing to take onlers, servatory of Music, and in 1878 professor
gave up theology for his art, and secretly in the Illinois Conservatory of Music, Jack-
house to undertake concert sonville. In 1880-84 he resided in Chicago,
left his father's
tours in France and Germany. He was and after a short visit to Europe became
made Conzertmeister to the Prince of Oet- in 1885 professor in the Conservatory of
tingen-Wallerstein, then to the Prince of Music, New York. -Works, all for piano-
Nassau -Weilburg, several years later to the forte Meditation, op. 12 Melody in D-tlat,
: ;
Prince-BishoiJ of Passau, and finally at the op. 13 Valse Noble, op. 14 Dance of the ; ;
court of Hanover. Works Concertos, Fairies, op. 15.

:
quartets, trios, duos, and solos for violin. LEVEY, WILLIAM CHARLES, born in
— Ft'tis ; Mendel ; Schilling. Dublin, Ireland, April 25, 1837, still living,
LEVERIDGE, RICHARD, born in Eng- 1889. Pianist, pupil of his father, who was
laud in 1G70, died orchestra leader at the Theatre Royal in
.î:i!l
London, jMarch
in Dublin, and later, in Paris, of Auber, Thal-
Dramatic
22, 1758. berg, and Prudent. In 18G2 he returned
singer, noted for his London, and was conductor succe.ssively
to
bass voice, which in Drury Lane, Hajinarket,
of Covent Garden,
1730, when he was Adelphi, and Princess's Theatres, London.
sixty, was still so Works Operas and operettas Fanchette, — :
luiimpaired that he Covent Garden, 18G2 Claude (MS.) Naza- ; ;
offered a wager of a rille (]MS., in French) Punchinello Fash- ; ;
hundred guineas to ion Wanted a Parlour Maid Music for; ;
sing a bass song with any man in England. Amy Robsart, Rebecca, King o' Scots, and
He was engaged at the Drury Lane Tlieatre Lady of the Lake 7 Drury Lane panto- ;
in 1705-7, then at the Queen's Theatre mimes The Man of War, cantata for or- ;
until 1712, after which he sang at Lincoln's chestra, chorus, and military band Irish ;
Inn Fields and Covent Garden for nearly overture for orchestra Pianoforte music ;
thirty years. "Works Music for the Isl- and songs.

:
and Princess, or the Generous Portuguese, LE VOILA, LE ROI PROPHKTE. See

1G99 do. for Pyramus and Thisbo, a comic ProphUe.
;
masque, comjiiled by him from "A Midsum- LE VOIL.\! QUE MON AME. See
mer Night's Dream," 171G. In 1727 he Zampn.
published a collection of his songs, with LEWANDOWSKI, LOUIS (LAZARUS),
music, in two small 8vo volumes and many born at Wreschen, Posen, April 3, 1823,
;
other songs were published singlj-. still living, 1889. Pianist and composer ;
LEVETT, DAVID MAURICE, born, of went to Berlin at the age of twelve to study
New York,
English parentage, in Jan. 1, pianoforte and singing, and became soprano
1844, stiU living, 1889. Pianist, Hebrew temple. He was
pupil at solo singer in the
the Leipsic Conservatorium on the piano- for several years pupil of Marx in theory,
forte of Moscheles, Plaidy, Reinecke, Paul, and later, at the Academy of Arts, of Ruug-
and Papperitz, and in theory under E. F. enhagen, A. W. Bach, and Grell in compo-
Richter, Paul, and Papperitz then in Ber- sition and counterpoint.
; His works ob-
lin on the pianoforte of Carl Tausig, and tained first prizes, and were publicly per-
in Paris of Louis Lieb, Asger Hamerick, formed there with great success. In 1840
and Svendsen. In 1871 (?) he went to he was aj^pointed choirmaster at the syna-
America, in 1875 was director of music at gogue in Berlin, in 18GG court music di-
St. Mary's Hall, Burlington, New Jersev, in rector, and choirmaster at the new svna-
LEYBACll
gogue. He is one of the principal founders the convent retired to Ratisbon. Works
of theOhl Men's Home for poor musicians. Masses, antiphons, and other church mu-
Works Kol lliiniah u' T' tilla, for chorus sic Concertos for violin. Fetis ilendel.
:
—
W
; ; ;
ToJa simrah, for mixed chorus, solo, UBERTA CONTENTA, LA, Italian op-
and organ 40 psalms for do.; Symphonies era text by Mauro, music by Steffimi, firet
; ;
Overtures Cantatas Songs. Mendel.

; ; —
represented in Hamburg in 1693. It sur-
LEYBACH, IGNACE, born at Gambs- passes the composer's previous operas, and
heim, Alsace, July 17, 1817, still living, contains fine counterpoint, difficult arias,
1889. Pianist, pupil in Strasburg of Ho-r- and dramatic recitatives. —Grove, iii. G9G.
ter and Wackenthaler, and iu Paris of LIBERTY DUET. See I Furilatii.
Pixis, Kalkbrenner, and Chojsiu. He was LIBIA:M0, LIBIiV:MO. See La Traviala.
appointed organist in Toulouse iu 184-4, LIBON, PHILIPPE, born, of French
and settled later in Paris. Works
Char- parents, at Cadiz, Spain, Aug. 17, 1775, died
:
acteristic pieces, fantasias on operatic in Paris, Feb. 5, 1838. Violinist studied ;
themes, transcriptions, and nocturnes for in his native town until he was fourteen,
l)ianoforte ; Pieces for pianoforte and har- when his father sent him to London, where
monium Vocal melodies and motets Har- he became a pupil of Viotti on the violin
; ;
monium method Concert pieces for har- and of Cimador iu composition. Returning
;
monium L'organiste pratique. — Fetis, Sup- to Cadiz in 179G, he played in a court

;
plement, ii. 108 Eiemann Mendel. ; concert in Lisbon, and became solo violin
;
LIBANI, GIUSEPPE, born in Italy in to the Crown Prince of Portugal. In 1798

1842, died in Rome, May 4, 1880. Dra- he went to Madrid, where he became a
matic composer, whose last opera, Sarda- member of the king's chamber music, and
napalo, was successfully given when he was iu 1800 to Paris, where iu 1804 the Em-
on his death-bed. —
Works Operas Gul- press Josephine appointed him to her pri-
:
nara, given in Rome, private theatre of the vate chapel, and the Eiiijn-ess Marie Louise
Palazzo Pampliili, 18G9, Florence, Teatro in 1810 made him her accompanist. After
Pagliano, 1870 H conte Verde, Rome, Te- the restoration he retained his position in
;
atro Apollo, 1873 Sardanapalo, ib., April the private orchestra of the king. Works
;
29, 1880.— Fetis, Supplement, ii. 109. G concertos for violin Airs varies for vio- ;
LIBER, ANTON JOSEF, born at Sulz- lin and orchestra 2 collections of airs va- ;
bach, near Ratisbon, iu 1732, died at Ratis- ries for violin and string quartet or piano-
bon in 1809. Instrumental composer, pupil forte G trios for 2 violins and violoncello
;
of Josef Riepel on the violin and in compo- 3 grands duos concertants for 2 violins;
sition. After having completed his studies Caprices and other pieces for violin solo.
be was made Conzertmeister and composer Fetis Mendel. — ;
to the Prince of Thurn uud Taxis, first at LICHNER, HEINRICH, born at Har-
DonauwOrth, then in Ratisbon. Works persdorf, near Goldberg, Silesia, March G, :
Symphonies Concertos ;Masses. Fetis 1829, still living, 1889.

; —Pupil of Karow,
;
Mendel. Dehn, Mosewius, and Hesse became can- ;
LIBER, WOLFG.\NG, born at Donau- tor, organist, and director of the Siingcr-
wOrth, Oct. 31, 1758, died at Ratisbon after bund in Breslau. Works Overtures Sym- : ;
1817. Violinist, sou and pupil of Anton phonies String quartet Songs Choruses ;
; ;
Josef Liber. At the age of eight years he for male voices ^lany pianoforte pieces. ;
appeared in concerts, then studied organ —Fetis, Supplement, ii. 109 ; ilendel.
and composition at Ratisbon entered the ;
LICHTENSTEIN, German opera in three
Order of the Benedictines in the Abbey of acts, text by Dingelstedt, after HautVs ro-
Michelfeld, and after the suppression of mance, music by Lindpaiutner, tii-st repre-
LIOliTENSTEIN
HCiitoJ in Stuttgart, Aug. 2G, 184(!. It is and Vigano), ib., 1821 Didone (do.), ib., ;
one of the composer's best operas. Pub- 1821. Quartet for pianoforte and strings,
lishecl by Scluiberth (Hamburg ami Leipsic, op. 4 ; 2 trios for do. ; Pianoforte music.
1847). — Noteworthy among his literary works are
Allgem. mus. Zeituug, 1. 92 Neue ; :
Zeits, xxvii. 133, 145, 157. Cenni biografici intorno al celebre maestro
LICHTENSTEIN, KARL AUGUST, \V. A. Mozart (Milan, 1814) Mozart e le ;
Freiherr VON, bom at Libm, Franconia, sue creazioni (ib., 1842) and especially ;
Sept. 8, 1707, died iu Berlin, Sept. 10, Dizionario e bibliografia della musica (ib.,
1845. Violinist and dramatic composer 182G).— Fctis do.. Supplement, ii. 110;
; ;
while studying at the University of GOt- Jiidischer Plutarch (Vienna, 1848), ii. 159 ;
tingen he appeared as violinist in Forkel's Wurzbach.

concerts ; entered the service of the Elector LICKL, .I3GIDIUS CARL, born in Vi-
of Hanover, and in 1798 went to Dessau as enna, Sept. 1, 1803, died in Trieste, July
chamberlain, and director of the duke's the- 22, 18G4. Virtuoso on the pianoforte and
atre. After giving performances with his the guitar, son and pupil of Johanu Georg
dramatic comjaany in Leipsic in 1800, he Liekl. He about 1830,
settled at Trieste
became director of the Court Opera in Vi- and devoted himself to teaching and com-
enna. He was engaged several years in position. Works : Ettore Fieramosca, os-
diplomatic service, but in 1811 took charge comic opera, given
sia la disfida di Berletta,
of the theatre in Bamberg, in 1823 became and Vienna Church, con-
in Trieste (1848) ;
director of the Royal Theatre in Berlin, and cert, and chamber music. Fetis Mendel — ; ;
iu 1825 of the opera retired on a jjension

; Wurzbach.
in 1832. —
"Works Operas Knall iind Fall, LICKL, CARL GEORG, born in Vienna,
:
given at Bamberg, 1795 Bathmendi, Des- ;Oct. 28, 1801, died there, Aug. 3, 1877.
sau, 1798 Die steinerne Braut, ib., 1799
; Pianist and virtuoso on the physharmonica,
;
Ende gut, Alles gut, ib., 1800 Mitgefiihl, sou and pupil of Johann Georg Lickl. He
;
ib., 1800 Die Waldburg, Bamberg, 1811

; introduced the physharmonica in Germany,
;
Andreas Hofer, Berlin, 1831 Singethee and was the founder of a literature for this
;
und Liedertafel, 1823 Zur guten Stuude, ; instrument. Works Polyhymnia, a suite :
1823 Die deutschen Herreu von Nurnberg,

; of 2)ieces for pianoforte and jihysharmonica,
1834 Triibsale eiues Hofbancpiiers, 1838
; or flute Les quatre saisons de I'annee, mu-
; ;
—
Many vaudevilles. Allgem. d. Biogr., xviii. sical poem for pianoforte Chamber music ; ;
553 ; Gerber Ledebur, Tonkilnst. Lex. Morceaux de genre, for i)ianoforte or phys-
;
Berlins Mendel Fetis Schilling.

; ; ;harmonica. Fetis Mendel Wurzbach. — ; ;
LICHTENTHAL, PETER, born at Pres- LICKL, JOHANN GEORG, born at

burg, Hungary, ]\Iay 10, 1780, died at Mil- Kornneuburg, Lower Austria, April 11,
an, Aug. 18, 1853. Dramatic composer 1769, died at Fimfkirchen, May 12, 1843.
and wi'iter on music, instructed on the vio- Organist and dramatic and church com-
lin, pianoforte, and iu thorough-bass in his poser, iûpil iu his native town of the choir-
native city having studied medicine in Vi- master Sebastian Witzig on the pianoforte,
;
enna in 1799-1808 and practised iu the the organ, the string instruments, and iu
hospitals there until 1810, he settled in singing and composition. In his fourteenth
Mihm, where he devoted himself to literary year he was able to fill the place of organ-
pursuits and music. Works 3 operas, ist at Kornneuburg went later to Vienna,
: ;
given at Milan, Teatro della Scala. Ballets where he was much sought as a teacher
:
;
ri conte d' Essex, ib., 1818 Cimene, Ales- was appointed in 1805 choirmaster in the
;
saudro neir Indie, Le Sabine in Roma, ib., principal church of Fimfkirchen, Hungary.
1820 ;Giovanna d' Arco (with Brambilla Works Operas Der Zauberpfeil —Der : ;
LIDL
Bnultr von Krakau ; Der vcrmeinte Hexeii- 14, 1802, died in Quedlinburg, June 27,
meister, given in Vienna, Schikaueder's The- 1843. Organist and pianist, pupil in 1821-
ater, 1785 ; Astarotb, der Verfiilirer, ib., 22 of Hummel at "Weimar on tlie jnano-
1790 Der Brigitta-Kircbtag, ib., 1790
; ; forte,the organ, and in composition after- ;
Der Durchmarsch, ib., IHOO Faust's Lebcn, ; wards organist at the Church of St. Bene-
Thaten uud HOllenfabrt, ib., 1815 Der Or- ; dict at Quedlinburg. Works Die Pfade :
gelspieler, ib., 1825. Masses, psalms, mo- zur Gottbeit, oratorio, given at Stockholm,
tets, anti^jbous, bymus, and other church 1837 ; Die Keue des Petrus, do., Quedhn-
music 3 quartets and 3 trios for strings
; ;
burg La fete de la musique, cantata 2
; ;
3 (juartets with Hate and oboe Quartet for ; psalms with orchestra Motets Quintet for ; ;
pianoforte with flute and strings 3 sonatas ; pianoforte, 2 flutes, 2 violins, and violoncello
for pianoforte and strings Pianoforte music. ; ad libitum Quartets for pianoforte and
;
— Fetis Mendel .Schilling Wurzbacb.

; ; ; strings Sonatas, variations, and other pieces
;
LIDL, ANTON, born in Vienna in 1740, for pianoforte Songs. F<'tis Mendel.
; — ;
died in 1789 (?). Virtuoso on the baryton LIEBE AUF DEM LANDE, Dffi, (Love
(violoncelle d'amour), which instrument be in the Country), German Singspiel in three
improved considerablj'. He played with acts, text by Christian Friedi-ich \\'eisse,
much music by Johann Adam Hiller, first per-
success in his country and in Berlin,
where be appeared in 178J:. "Works 7 formed in Leipsic, 1768. Same title, opera :
works of quintets, quartets, and duos for by Riotte, Vienna, 1838.

violin, flute, and violoncello, each containing LIEBE, (EDUARD) LUDWIG, born at
C pieces Andante with variations and other Magdeburg, Nov. 19, 1819, still living, 1889.
;
Ijieces for pianoforte j\Iusic for violon- Pianist and instrumental and vocal com-
;
cello. —
Fetis Mendel Wurzbach Gerber
; poser, pujjil of Carl Schwarz, August Miibl-
; ; ;
Schilling. ing, and Wachsmanu ; later, in Cassel, of

LIDON, JOSE, born Salamanca, Sj)ohr in composition and Baldcwciu in
at Bejar,
Spain, in 1752, died in Madrid, Feb. 11, counterjjoint. He became nuisic director at J
1827. Organist, church composer, and di- Coblentz in 1844, at Worms in 1840, lived
dactic writer, pupil of the choristers' school at Strasburg in 1850-50, teaching music,
ill ^ladrid, and at the age of sixteen organ- and settled finally in London. Works
ist at the Cathedral of Malaga be was Die Braut von Azola, opera, given in Carls-
; later
organist at the royal chapel in Madrid, and rube, 1808; Johannes, oratorio; Sympho-
from 1808 its maestro de capilla. Among nies Overtures Masses Psalms Cho- i
; ; ; ;
his pupils were his two nephews, Andre's ruses for men's voices Ballads for bass !
;
Lidon, organist at the Cathedral of Cordova, voice Pianoforte music Songs. His ; ;
and Alfonso Lidon, organist at the royal daughter, Therese Liebe (born at Worms,
chapel in Madrid. Works: Glaucay Corio- in 1848), an excellent violinist, obtained con-
lano, lyricdrama, given in Madrid, Teatro siderable success at a very tender age, and
del Principe Te Deum Salve Kegina
; ; ;
on her concert tours, which she undertook
Ave maris Stella 4 masses 2 Miserere 3
; ; ; with her father, after 1800.— Fetis ; Men-
bymus 32 lamentations Litanies
; Mo- ; ; del ; Riemann.
tets Psalms and other church music So-
; ;
LIEBESFRUHLING (Love's Spring-
natas and fugues for organ Treatise on ; time), twelve poems fi'oni F. Riickert's Lic-
organ-accompaniment Do. on fugue, and ; besfriibling, for voices with i>ianoforte, by
—
on modulation. Fetis, Supplement, ii. 110 ;
Robert and Clara Schumann, op. 37 and 12,
Mendel. composed in 1840. Part Der Himmel

I. 1.
LIEBAU, FRIEDEICH WILHELM, hat eine Thriine geweiut 2. Er

(in A-flat) ;
born at Wickerode, Prussian Saxony, Nov. ist gekommen in Sturm und Regen (iu F
LIEP.ESLIEDER
miiioi') ; 3. O ilir Hcncii, o ihr wcrtliou comic opera iu (in LIEBESVEUBOT, DAS,
A-flat) ; 4. Liebst ilii and music by Waguer, first
iiin Sclioulieit (iu two acts, text
D-flat) 5. Icli hah' in micli gesogeu (iu F)

;
represented at Magdeburg, Marcb 29, 1830,
G. Liebste, was kaim ileuu uns scbeiileii, as Die Novize von Palermo. Tbe libretto,
two voices (in A-flat) 7. )Scbuu ist das Fest wbicb is founded on Sbakespeare's " Meas-
;
lies Lenzes, so^jrauo and teuor (in A-flat). ure for Measure," was written iu tbe sum-
Tart II. 8. Fbigel Fliigel vim zu fliegeii mer of 1834, aud tbe score was finisbed in
! !
(iu B, G minor, and F-sbarp miuoi) 9. tbe winter of 183G. Tbe autograpb was ;
liose, Meer und Sonne sind eiu Bild (iu B) owned by Ludwig II., King of Bavaria. ;
10. O Soun', o Meer, o Rose (in B) 11. Tbe Carnevalslied from tbis opera, was ;
Wariun willst du And're fragen ? (in A-flat) printed iu Lewald's "Europa" (1837, re- ;
12. So wabr die Sonne sebeinet, soprano, printed at Brunswick, 1885). Wagner, Ge- —
tenor or baritone (iu E-flat). Nos. 2, 4, sammelte Sclirifteu, i. 25 Glaseuapp, Ricb- ;
and 11 are by Clara Scbumann, ojd. 12. ard Wagner's Leben und Wirken, i. G2.
PubHsbed by Breitkoijf & Hiirtel (Leipsic, LIEBICH, GOTTFRIED SIEGMUND,
1841). born at Frankenberg, Saxony, July 22,
LIEBESLIEDEU WALZEll (Songs of 1G72, died at Scbleiz, Saxony, June 1, 1727.
Love), for four voices witb jjianoforte ac- Cburcb composer, pupil of bis fatbcr, tbe
coinpauiuient for four bands, text from tbe cantor at Frankenberg. He cultivated mu-
' Polydora " of Daunier, music by Brabms, sic during bis stay at tbe college of Bau-
op. 52. In Lilndler tempo. I. llcde Mild- tzen aud tbe University of Jena, and finally
cben, allzu liebes ; 11. Am Gesteine rauscbt gave up bis study of medicine to devote
die Fbitb ; HI. O
Fraueu IV. Wie des die ; bimself to it. He went to Dresden, wbere
Abends scbOue ROtbe V. Die griine Hop- ; bim em-
bis fine tenor voice obtained for
fenranke VI. Eiu Kleiner biibscber Vogel
; ployment as a singer in cburcbes, and iu
nabni den Flag VU. Wobl scbOu bewandt
; 1G95 be was appointed secretary aud Ka-
war es VIII. Wenu so lind dein Auge mir
; pelldirektor to tbe Count vou Reuss, at
IX. Am Donaustrande X. O wie sanft die ; Scbleiz. Works Yearbook of motets on
:
(Quelle; XI. Neiuesistnicbtauszukommen tbe Gosjiels, for voice, 2 violins, 2 violas,

XII. Scblosser, auf und macbe Scblijsser ;
and bass ; do., for 4 voices and various in-
Xin. Vogleiu durcbrauscbt die Luft XIV. ; struments. — Fetis ; Gerber ; Mendel ; Scbil-
Sieb' wie ist die Welle klar XV. Nacbtigall ; ling.
sie singt so scliijn XVI. Ein dunkler ; LIEBLING, EJHL, born, of German aud
Scbacbt ist Liebe XVII. Nicbt wandle, ;
_^_^j^
Russian parentage,
meiu Licbt XVIII. Es bebet das Ge-
;
b:-"^^ iu Pless, Silesia,
straiicbe. Publisbed by Sinirock (Berlin, April 12, 1851, still
between 18G8 and 1873); iu Frencb, trans- living, 1889. Pia-

lated by Victor Wildei', Brand us & Cie nist, pupil iu Berlin
(I'aris, 1880). Arranged for pianoforte, for of Ebrlicb and Kul-
two and four bauds for tbe pianoforte, ; lak, and Vienna
iu
violin, and flute aud for tbe pianofoi-te,
; of Dacb.s, and in
violin, and violoncello. Walzer for tbe pi- composition of
anoforte, for four bands, after tbe Liebeslie- Heinricb Dorn iu
dern, by Brabms, op. 52a. Berlin. In 18G7 be
LIEBESNACHT FANTASIE, Pbantasie- went to America,
by Pliilipp Scbarwenka, and until 1871 taugbt nuisic in a seminary
stiick for orcbestra,
op. 40, publisbed by Praeger & ]\Ieier (Bre- in Kentucky. In 1874 be revisited Europe
men, 1882).— Mus. Wocbenblatt(1882), 2GG. aud sjênt tbe summer of 187C witb Liszt
LIEBSTER
at Weimar ; tlion returiu'<l to Chicnfô, I. In der Frcmdc : Aus dor Heimath hin-
where lie still resides as a teacher of the ter den Blitzen (in F-sharp minor) EL ;
pianoforte. He has frequently plaj-eil in Intermezzo Dein Bilduiss wunderselig (in

:
New York, Chicago, and other cities, and A) in. Waldesgespriich Es ist schon
; :
has made concert tours with Wilhelmj, Miss spilt, est ist schon kalt (in E) IV. Die ;
Kellogg, Miss Gary, and others. Works Stillc Es weiss und riith es doch Keiner
:
Meteor Galop, Album-Blatt, Feu-Follet, (iu G) V. Mondnacbt Es war, als hiitt' der ; :
Florence, valse de concert. Gavotte moderne, Himmel (in E) Vt Schone Fremde Es ; :
for pianoforte Adieu, song, etc.

; rauschen die Wipfel und schaiieni (in B)
;
LIEBSTER .JESU, MEIN VERLANG- Vn. Auf ciner Burg Eingeschlafen auf der :
EN, soprano aria in E minor, with accom- Lauer (in A minor) VIII. In der Fremde ; :
paniment of oboe, strings complete, find Ich hiir' die Bjichlein rauschen (in A minor)
continuo, iu Johaini Sebastian Bach's can- IX. Wehmuth Ich kann wohl manchnial :
tata ("Dialogus") for Dom. I. post Epipli., singen (in E); X. Zwielicht: Diimm'rung will
of the same title (Bachgesellschaft, No. 32). die Fliigol spreiten (in E minor) XI. Im ;
Published separately, edited by Robert Walde Es zog eine Hochzeit den Berg cnt- :
Franz, Loipsic, Whistling. lang (in A) XIL Friihlingsiiacht Ueber'm

; :
LIED DER GLOCKE, DAS (Lay of the Garten durch die Liifte (in F-sharp). Pub-
Bell), cantata for orchestra, soli, and chorus, lished by C. Haslinger (Vienna, 1842),
by Max Bruch, after Schiller's jwem, first F. Whistling (Leiiwic, 1842), and Gustav
performed in Cologne under the composer's Heinzo (Leipsic, 1842). Also in Petei-s's
direction, May 12, 1878. It was sung at Schumann-Album with op. 42 and 48.
the Birmingham (England) Festival, Aug. Beethoven seems to have been the first to
20, 1879, Bruch conducting, by Mme Tre- use this term. See An die feme Geliebte.
belli, Mme Lemmens-Sherrington, Mr. —
Reissmann, Schumann, 81, 90 .\llgeni. ;
Vernon Rigby, and Mr. Henscliel. Given Mus. Zeitung (44), 3.3, .58.
at the Gewandhaus, Leipsic, Nov. C, 1879. LIEDER OHNE WORTE (Songs with-
— Athenfeum (1879), ii. 251. out Words), name given by Mendelssohn
LIEDERKREIS (Cyclus of Songs), 9 to .short pieces for the pianoforte. The title
songs for voice with pianoforte, by Robert first appears iu a letter of Fanny Mendels-
Schumann, op. 24, from the Liederkreis of sohn's, Dec. 8, 1828. Thej- were first called
Heine, composed in 1810, and dedicated to Instrumentallieder fiir Clavier, and the
Pauline Garcia. I. IMorgens steli' ich auf autograph of the first book, owned l)y Paul
luul frage (in D) II. Es treibt mich hin, Mendelssohn, bears the words, "Six Songs
;
es treibt mieli her (in B minor) IH. Ich for the Pianoforte alone." The first book,
;
wandelte unter den Baiunen (in B) IV. op. 19, was published by Novello, under the
;
Lieb' Liebchen, leg's Hiiudchen auf's Herze title of " Original Melodies for the Piano-
mcin (in E minor) V. Schone Wiege meiner forte " (London, 1832) by Simrock as
; ;
Leiilen (in E) VI. Warte, warte, wilder " Sechs Lieder ohne Wortc," etc., op. 19
;
SchifTmann (in E) VH. Berg' und Burgen (Berlin, 1832). There are eight books in all,
;
schau'n berunter (in A) ^TH. Anfangs six numbers each the seventh and eightli
; ;
wollt' ich fast verzagen (in D minor) IX. books are posthumous. In some editions all
;
Mit I\Iyrtheu und Rosen, lieblicli und hold the songs have titles, but only the following
(in D). Published by Breitkopf & Hiirtel are authentic Venetianischcs Gondollied, :
(Leipsic, 1840). II., No. 6. Bk. V., No. 5

Bk. I., No. G, Bk. ;
LIEDERKREIS, 12 songs with piano- Duetto, Bk. IIL, No. 6 Volkslied. Bk. TV., ;
forte, from the Liederkreis of J. von No. 5 Friihlingslied, Bk. V., No. G. The ;
Eichendoriy, music by Schumann, op. I!0. one in C, Bk. VI., No. 4, generally known
LIFE
as The Spinning Song, was called by ]\Icn- and the studied music in the seminary
delssolin Die Bienenhoclizeit, but this title became choir of the Cathedral of Avignon ;
was never published. Breitkopf tt Hiirtel,organist at Alais in 17G9. Works Operas — :
Mendelssohn "SVerke, Series 11, No. 75-82.L'argent fait tout, Paris, about 1780 Les ;
Lied ohne Worte for violoncello and piano-deux aveugles de Francouville, ib., 1780 ;
forte (in D), op. 108 (Posthumous work, Armide (MS.) Samson, do. Te Deum
;
; ; ;
38) and Albumblatt for pianoforte (in E Masses

; Motets.— Fetis Mendel. ; ;
minor), op. 117 (Posthumous work, 46). LILLIBURLEPvO, an English revolution-

— Schumann, Gesammelte Sehriften, i. 99, ary song, words attributed to Lord Whar-
227; Hensel, Die Familie, Mendelssohn i. ton, music by Henry Purcell. The ballad
103, 2GG Grove, ii. 135. ;
refers to King James's nomination, in 1G8(),
LIFE FOR THE CZAR. See Zarskaja to the lieutenancy of Ireland of General
skisu. Talbot, then just created Earl of Tyrconuel,
LIFT THINE EYES. See Ilche deine who had recommended himself to the king
Augen auf. by his arbitrary treatment of Protestants
LIGHT AS FAIRY FEET CAN FALL. when he was lieutenant-general. The air
See Obcron. was long popular in the British Army, but
LIGHT OF ASIA, THE, cantata in four was discontinued as a march in the last
parts, text adaj^ted by the composer from century to avoid giving offence to Irish Ro-
Edwin Arnold's poem of the same title, mu- man Catholic soldiers. The only cojiy ex-
sic by Dudley Buck, first performed (with- tant of the march and quickstej) is con-
out orchestra) by the Choral Society, Wash- tained in " The Delightful Comjjanion or. ;
ington, May G, 1S8G in London, by the ; Choice New Lessons for the Recorder or
Novello Choir, March 19, 1889. Part I. Pro- Flute " (2d ed., Loudon, IGSG). The tune,
logue II. The Renunciation and Tempta-
; which is often referred to by dramatists
tion in. The Return IV. Epilogue and
; and other writers, is given in Grove, iii.
;
Finale. Published first in England. Up- 138. —

Variations on the air, for two piano-
ton, Standard Cantatas, 117 Athenajum fortes, by Theodore Gouvy, op. 62, are pub-
;
(1889), i. 383 Academy (1889), i. 212.

; lished by Senff (Leipsic, 1878). Cumming's —
LIGHT OF THE WORLD, oratorio in Purcell, 45 Percy's Reliques, ii. 358 Chap- ; ;
two parts, text from the Bible, music by Sir pell, Music of Olden Time, ii. 5G8.
Arthur Sullivan, written for and first given LILLO, GIUSEPPE, born at Galatina,
at the Birmingham (England) Festival, Aug. Naples, Feb. 2G, 1814, died, Feb. 4, 18C3.
27, 1873. It was sung by Mile Tietjens, Dramatic composer, pupil at Naples Con-
Mme Trebelli-Bettiui, Sims Reeves, and servatorio of Lanza, Furuo, and Zingarelli ;
Charles Santley. Subject, the human as- taught pianoforte in Naples, where he after-
pects of the life of Christ. The first part wards became iirofessor in the Conserva-
has four scenes, entitled, resiêctively Beth- torio. Though his later operas were un-
:
lehem Nazareth Lazarus and The Way successful, and he had few of the qualities
; ; ;
to Jerusalem. The scene of the second necessary for dramatic comiwsition, he still
part is entirely in Jerusalem. It is the persisted, and in 18G1 became insane. He
composer's second oratorio. Published by was restored sufficiently to resume teaching
—
Cramer & Co. (London, 1873). Athennsum for several months, but was then struck
(1873), ii. 280 Upton, Standard Oratorios, with paralysis and never recovered. Works
;
294. — Ojjeras : La moglie per 24 ore II Gioi- ;
LIGOU, PIERRE, bora in Avignon in ello, Najiles, 1836 Odda di Bernauer, ib.,
;
1749, died at Alais (Gard) after 1822. Or- 1837 ; Rosamunda, Venice, and Alisia di
ganist, dramatic and church composer Ricux, Rome, 1838 U conte di Chalais,
;
LILY
Naples, La modista, Florence, 1840 ; L' os- Kiu-nthnerthor Theater, Vienna, May 10,
teria di Andujar, and Cristina di Hcozia, 1842. The subjectfrom the vaudeville
is
Naples, IS-tl ; Lara, ib., 1843 ; II mulatto, La grace de Dieu, perfoiined at the Theatre
Turin, 184G ; Caterina Howard, Naples, de la Gaite, Paris. Scene, in Switzerland.
1849 ; Deltina, ib., 1850 ; D sogno d' una Linda, daughter of Antonio, a farmer of
notte estiva, ossia la gioventti di Shake- Chamounix, loves Carlo, an artist, but is
speare, ib., 1851 ; Ser Babbeo, ib., 1853 ; II pursued by the attentions of the Iklarquia
figlio della scliiava, ib., 1853. Masses, lit- de Boisfleury, brother of the Marquise
anies, and other ehurch music ; Overture de Sirval, who owns Antonio's fai-m. By
for orchestra ; Funeral symphony
Trio and the advice of the Prcfet, Antonio sends
;
two quartets Pianoforte and vocal music. Linda to Paris in charge of Pierotto the
;
— Fetis; do., SujjplLiaent, ii. Ill; Mendel; Savoyard. She lo.ses him and is foimd by
do., Ergilnz., 215. Carlo, who discloses to her tliat ho is the
LILY OF KILLAKNEY, THE, opera in Vicomte de Sirval, son of the Marquise.
I
three acts, text by John Oxenford, founded

on Boucicault's " Colleen Bawn," music by
Jules Benedict, first represented at the
Eoyal English Opera, Covent Garden, Lon-
don, Feb. 8, 18G2.— Athen;cum (18G2),
233.
LIMNANDER DE NIEUWENHOVE,
AEMAND (MARIE GHISLAIN), born at
Ghent, May 22, 1814, still living, 1889.
Dramatic and church composer, pupil at
Saint-Acheul, near Amiens, of Cornette,
and in 1828-35 in the Jesuits' college at j
Freiburg, Switzerland, of Pore Louis Lam-

billotte. After his return to Belgium he
founded and conducted at Mechlin an ama-
teur symphonic societj', to which he added
a choral section in 1838, which in 1841
took the name of Reunion Lyrique. About Annie Louise Gary.
this time he took a course in composition

under Fetis, and Carlo wishes to marry her, but tbc 5Iar-
in 1847, settled in Paris. !
Works — Operas:
Les Montenegrins, given quise forbids, and Linda becomes in-
in P;u-is, Opera Comique, 1849 Le chateau sane. Linda is taken back to Chamounix
;
de la Barbe-Bleue, ib., 1851 Yvonne, ib., by Pierotto, recovers her reason w-hen Car-
;
1859 Le maitre chanteur. Opera, 1853. lo sings a familiar song to her, and the
;
Scenes druidiques, lyric poem La fin des Marquise relenting, the two are united.
;
moissons, symphony Cantatas Te Deum ; AmonK the best of the numbers are Linda's
; ;
:
Stabat Mater, with orchestra; Requiem, with [polacca, "O luce di quest' anima;" "Per
organ; Quartet for strings; Sonata for pi- sua madre," sung by Pierotto; "A conso- |
anoforte and violoncello Many choruses. larmi affrettisi," duet between Linda and
; ;
—Fetis do., Supplement, " Ah bel destiu che attendevi," duet

ii. 112 ; Mendel ; Carlo ; !
; I
Riemann. between Linda and Pierotto " Va, sciagu- ^

;
LINDA DI CHAMOUNIX, Italian opera rata," sung by Antonio; la voce che

I
"%
in three acts, text by Gaetano Rossi, music primiera," by Carlo and the duet between '
by Donizetti, first represented at the Linda and Carlo, " Ah di tue peue spaive il [
!
LINDBLAD
sogno," which closes the opera. Original loncello ;Grand trio for violin, viol.a, and
cast bass ; Duos for violin and violoncello do. ;
for 2 violoncellos ; Solos for violoncello ;

Linda !Mme Persiani.
Several works of airs vari<'s, and pots-pour-
lliue Brambilla.
Pierotto
Carlo Signor Mario.
ris, for do. Fetis Mendel. — ;
LINDNER, FRIEDRICH, born at Lieg-

Antonio Signor Tamburini.
uitz about 1540, died at Nuremberg, be-
Marquis Signor P. Lablache.
ginning of the 17th century. In early youth
Pn'fet Signor Luigi Lablache.
he was made a member of the electoral
This opera was represented in Paris, Nov. chapel in Dresden on account of his won-
17, 1842, and at Her Majesty's, London, in derful voice, and later, at Anspach, of the
June, 1843, with the same cast except An- chapel of Markgraf Georg Friedrich ap- ;
tonio, sung bj' Signor Fornasari. It Avas IJointed in 1574 cantor at the Church of St.
first given in New^ York at Palmo's Theatre, Aegidius at Nuremberg. Works Canti- :
Jan. 4, 1847. Among Annie Louise Gary's ones sacrre, 2 books (1585-88) Masses for ;
best impersonations is that of the faithful 5 voices (1591) ; Gemma musicalis, 2 col-
Pierotto. — Ch'ment et Larousse, 403 ; Up- lections of madrigals, for 4-6 voices, con-
ton, Standard Operas, 8G. taining also works of other masters, mostly
LINDBL.M), ADOLF FREDRIK, Corollarium cantionum
born Italian (1588-90) ;
at Lijfvingsborg, near Stockholm, in 1804, sacrarum, motets for 5-8 and more voices,
died there, Aug. 23, 1878. Pupil of Zelter do. (1590).— AUgem. d. Biogr., xviii. 703 ;
in Berlin about 1835 he returned to Stock- Fetis Gerber Mendel Riemauu Schil-
; ; ; ; ;
holm, where he spent the rest of his life. ling.

Jenny Liud, who was his Jjupil, introduced LINDNER, FRIEDRICH, bora at Des-
his songs into Germany. Works FrOn- sau, July 5, 1798, died there, Aug. 1, 1846.
:
denrerna, opera Symphony in C, Lsipsic, Virtuoso on the violin and the clarinet
;
1839 Duo for pianoforte and violin Vocal began to study music at the age of five,
; ;
duets, terzets, and quartets

IMauy songs later pupil of MOser in Berlin, where he
;
for single voice, with pianoforte. —

Mendel joined the royal orchestra in 1815 as clari-
;
Grove Fetis Eieniann.

; ; net player was appointed in 1817 chamber ;
LINDENAU, LEOPOLD, born in Ham- musician to the Duke of Anhalt-Dessau,

burg in 180G, died there in 1859. Violin- studied composition in 1821 under Fried-
ist, pupil of Spohr, and a friend, from early rich Schneider, and in 1827 became Con-
youth, of Mendelssohn ; acquired more than zertmeister. Works Concertos and over- :
local reputation by his able orchestral com- tures for grand orchestra (MS.) Polonaise ;
positions and songs. for violin and oi'chestra Dances for orches- ;
LINDLEY, ROBERT, born at Rothor- tra Quintet for wind instruments Quar-
; ;
ham, Yorkshire, England, March 4, 1777, tets for strings ; Duos for violins ; Piauo-
died in London, June 13, 1855. Virtuoso foi-te music Songs. His son, Roderich
;
on the violoncello, pupil of Cervetto after ; August Lindner (born at Dessau, Oct. 29,
having been a member of the theatre or- 1820, died at Hanover, June 15, 1878), was
chestra at Brighton, he succeeded Sporati an excellent violoncellist, pupil of Drechs-
as first violoncellist at the Royal Opera in ler, and in composition of Schneider. He
London in 1794, and acted in the same became in 1837 a member of the royal
capacity at the Concerts of Antient Music chapel at Hanover and left concert ;
and those of the Philharmonic Society. pieces for violoncello, and many songs.
Works: 4 concertos for violoncello with — Fetis Mendel Gerber Riemauu Schil-
; ; ; ;
orchestra ; Trios for bassoon, viola, and vio- ling.

lixdpaixt:xer
LIXDPAINTNEK, I'ETER (JOSEPH) notably The Standard-Bearer, written for
YON, born at Coblentz, Dec. 8, 1791, died Pischek. In 18o3 he visited London to
at Nonnenliom, on conduct the New Philharmonic Concerts,
the Lake of Con- and bring out his oratorio, Der jQngliug
stance, Aug. 21, von Nain. He had already received a medal
1856. Dramatic from Queen Yictoria for the dedication to
composer, son of a her of his oratorio of Abraham in 1848.
tenor singer in the Works
service of the Elec- L Operas: Demophoon, Munich, 1811;
tor of Treves, who .Uexander in Ei)hesus, ib., 1811 (?) Der ;
followed liis prince blinde Gartner, oder die bliihende Aloe,

to Augsburg wlieu 1819 Die Pflegekinder, 1819 (?) Der
(?) ; ;
the electorate was Vamjyyr, Yienna, 1829 Timantes (new ver- ;
overrun by the French. Young Lindpaint- sion of Demophoon), Stuttgart, 1829 (?)
ner began his education at Augsburg, taking Der Bergkonig, Berlin, 1830 Die Princes- ;
violin lessons of PLjdterl and studying the sin von Cacambo, Stuttgart, 1830 (?) Hans ;
pianoforte and harmony under Witzka. Max Giesbrecht von Humpenburg, ib.,
The talent he exhibited determined the 1830 (?) Pervonte, oder die Wiin.sche, ib.,
;
elector to send him to Munich to finish his 1830 (?) Sulmona, ib., 1830 (?) Die Ama-
; ;
musical education with ^Yinter, under zone, oder der Frauen und der Liebe Sieg,
whose direction he wrote his first opera, ib., 1831 Die Biirgschaft, ib., 1832 Die
; ;
Demophoon, a mass, and a Te Deum, which Sternenkunigiu, ib., 1835 (?); Kunstsinnuud
were brought out with success in 1811. The Liebe, ib., 1835 (?) Die Macht des Liedes,
;
death of the elector in 1812 forced him to ib., July, 183C Die Genueserin, Yienna, De-
;
accept the position of Kapellmeister at the cember, 1838 Die llosenmiidcheu, 1840 (?)
;
new Isarthor Theater, which he held until Die sicilianische Yesper, Stuttgart, 1843 ;
1819. The success of several of his com- Lichtenatcin, ib., 1845 Giulia, oder die Cor-
;
positions led him to neglect his studies sen, ib., December, 1853 Libella, not per- ;
during this period but the advice of a formed.

;
friend induced him to study counteqwint H. Ballets and melodramas Music to :
thoroughly under Joseph Griitz. In 1819 Goethe's Faust, Stuttgart, 1832 Aglae, ou ;
he accepted the post of Court KapeUmei.s- lY-leve d'amour, ballet Zephyr und Flora, ;
ter at Stuttgart, which he continued to do.; Joco, der brasilianische Afl'e, do.; Zeila,
hold until his death, which occurred during do. Der Geistersohn, do. Die Glocke,
; ;
a summer vacation. He was

buried at melodi-ama on Schiller's poem Abraham's ;
AYasserburg. He was universally esteemed, Ojifer, do. Der gerettete Closes, do. Fried-
; ;
and was a member of almost every musical rich der Siegi-eiche, do. Timoklea, do. ;
institution on the Continent. As a con- HI. Oratorios and church music Der :
ductor he was pre-eminent, and raised the Jiingling von Nain Abraham's Opfer (dif- ;
Stuttgart orchestra to a very high position ferent from the melodrama) Additiouiil ;
among the great orchestras of Germany. accompaniments to Handel's Judas ^lacca-

As a composer he shone rather by his well- b.-Bus Herr Gott, dich loben wir, motet
;
ordered, clear, and brilliant style than by for 4 voices and orchestra, on a text by
any of the higher attributes of genius. His Klopstock Grabgcs;ing for 4 male voices,;
best known works are his ojieras Dcr Vam- 5 horns, and 3 trombones, or pianoforte ad
pyr and Liehtenstein, his ballet Joco, and lib. ; Classes, Te Deum, psalms, Pange lin-
his overture to Faust. Several of his songs gua, cantatas in ilS.

enjoyed an immense popularity at one time. rV. Instrumental works : Overture to the
LINIKE
tragedy Dcr Paria, Leipsic, Ereitkopf i*l; LINIKE (Linigko, Linicke), JOHANN
Hiii-tel Abraham's Opfer, ib. Fest- GEORG, born in Prussia, latter part of the
; do. to ;
Ouverturo for the music festival in Halle, 17th century, died after 1725. Violinist
1835 Symphony for grand orch., MS. and vocal composer, pupil in Eerlin of Jo-
; ;
1st quartet for strings, Leipsic, Peters hann Theile became in 1090 chamber mu- ; ;
Concerto for clarinet, Mainz, Schott Diver- sician in the electoral chaj)el, and in 1712 ;
tissement for 2 pianofortes, Leipsic, Ereit- Conzertmeister at the ducal court at Wei.s-
kopf it Hilrtel Several pianoforte pieces senfels. Later he made a concert tour to
; ;
Overtures in score to most of the operas England, and in 1725 was appointed Con-
and ballets, Leipsic, Breitkoi)f & Hiirtel zertmeister of the opera orchestra in Ham- ;
Overture on Hail Columbia ; Sinfouia con- burg. Works : Wettstreit der Poesie, Mu-
certante for flute, oboe, clarinet, horn, and sik und Malerei, Festspiel, performed in
bassoon, op. 4, Mainz, Schott ; Concertino Hamburg, 1725 Musical prologue, ib.,
;
for clarinet, op. 19, Leijisic, Ereitkopf & 1725 ; Recitatives to Handel's opera, Julius
Hilrtel ; Sinfonia concertante, for 2 horns, symphonies 2 sonatas 2 can- Cilsar ; ; ;
op. 23, ib. ; Hondo

bassoon and orch., tatas for voice, pianoforte, and strings Can-
for ;
op. 24, ib. Concerto for flute, oyi. 28, ib.

; tata for voice and jnanoforte. Fetis Ger- ;
— ;
Concertino for violin, op. 35, Mainz, Schott ber Mendel Schilling. ; ;
Sinfonia concertante for flute, oboe, clar- LINK, FRIEDRICH, born at Obernhain,
inet, horn, and bassoon, op. 30, ib. Con- Nassau, Dec. 1, 1841, still living, 1889. ;
certino for clarinet, op. 41, ib. ; do. for Organist, pupil of his father on the piano-
violin, oji. 42, Leipsic, Probst ; do. for forte, the violin, and in theory ;and in 1805
horn, op. 43, ib. ; Rondo brillant for clar- at Conservatorium, Leipsic, of Mo-
the
inet, op. 45, Leipsic, Breitkojjf & Hiirtel ;
scheles, Reinecke, and AVenzel on the piano-
Concerto for flute, o2). 40, ib., Probst ; Po- forte, of Richter on the organ, and of
lonaise for flute and orch., op. 47, ib., Ereit- Hauptmauu, Reinecke, and Richter in har-
kopf & Hiirtel ; Romauza and i-ondo, op. mony and composition. In 1800 he was
48, ib. ; Fantasie, variations, and rondo, for aj)pointed musical instructor and organist
2 horns and orch., op. 49, 3 grand in the teachers' seminary at Wettingen,
ib. ;
trios for violin, viola, and violoncello, op. Switzerland. Works Music for pianoforte ; :
52, ib., Peters ; Pot-pourri, op. 02, ib., do. for violoncello ; Songs. —Mendel.
Ereitkopf it Hilrtel. LINKE (Linckc), JOSEPH, born at
V. Vocal chamber music : G four-jjart Tracheuberg, Silesia, Jime 8, 1784, died in
songs for male voices, op. 39, Mainz, Schott Vienna, March 20, 1837. Virtucso on the
Die Fraueu, 6 do. to words by Wagner, violoncello, pupil of his father and of Os-
wald on the pianoforte and the violin
and, while chorister at the Dominicans in
Ereslau, of Hanisch on the organ and in
counterpoint, and of Lose and Flemming
on the violoncello. succeeded Lose as He
op. 54, Mannheim, Hcekcl ; Canons with first opera orchestra,
violoncellist in the
pianoforte, Leipsic, Ereitkopf & Hilrtel ; conducted by Carl Maria von Weber. In
About 50 songs for a voice with pianoforte. 1808 he joined the orchestra of Prince
— Allgem. d. Biogr., xviii. 700 Allgem. ; Rasoumoffsky in Vienna, in 1810 became
mus. Zeitung, xv. seq. do. xsxvii., 001, ; chamber virtuoso to the Countess of Erdiidy-
077 ;Fetis Schwilbische Chronik, Dee.
; Niezky in Croatia, and in 1818 returned to
25, 1850 Westermanu's Illustr. Monatsh. Vienna, to fill the place of solo violoncellist
;
(1850), No. 3. in the orchestra of the Theater an der Wien,

LINLEY
and from 1831 in that of the Imperial Works Operas, and music to dramas The — :
Opera. In close eonuectiou with Beetho- Duenna, 1775 Sehmaand Azor, 177G The ; ;
ven, be was indebted to this master for the Camp, 1778 The Carnival of Venice, The ;
high reputation he won as a quartet player. Gentle Shepherd, and Itobinson Crusoe,
Works : Concertos, 1781 The Triumph of Mirth, 1782 The
caprices, variations, ;
;
fantasias, rondos, and polonaises

Spanish Eivals, 1784 The Strangers at for violon- ;
cello Pieces for violoncello, with quartet Home, and Eichard Cceur de Lion, 1786
;
Do., with guitar Do., with pianoforte. Fe- Love in the East, 1788
;
Songs in The — ;
;
tis Mendel Schilling Wurzbach.

; ; School for Scandal, 1777 Accompaniments
;
;
LINLEY, FE.ySICIS, born at Doncaster, for the songs in The Beggar's Opera Mu- ;
England, in 1774, died there, Sept. 15, sic for pai-ts of Sheridan's Monody on the
1800. Virtuoso on the organ, pupil of Mil- Death of Garrick, 1779 Six Elegies ;
ler, organist at Doncaster. Though blind Twelve Ballads "Let me,; A 5-part madrigal,
from his he beat fourteen compet-
birth, careless "
Other vocal music, pubUshed af-
;
itors as a candidate for organist of the Peu- ter his death. Grove Eiemann Mendel — ; ;
;
tonville Chajiel, Loudon. The failure of Fetis Gerber Harmonicon (1825), 215.
; ;
a music trade he had established in that LINLEY, THOilAS, the younger, bom
city caused him to go to America, where his at Bath in 175G, died at Grimsthorpe, Lin-
talent was greatly admu'ed he returned to ; colnshire, England, Aug. 7, 1778. Violin-
England about 1795. Works: Interludes, ist, son and pujiil of Thomas Linley stud- ;
fugues, and other jjieces for organ Sonatas ; ied under Dr. Boyce, and in Florence under
for pianoforte and flute Solos and duos ; Nardini, becoming the warm friend of Mo-
for Hute Pianoforte music Method for
; ; zart while in Italy. On his return to Eng-
organ. —
Fctis Mendel. ; land, in 1772, he became solo violin at his
LINLEY, GEORGE, born at Whit- father's concerts in Bath and at Drury Lane
church, England, in 17'J5, died in London, Theatre. Wôrks Let God arise, anthem :
Sept. 10, 18G5. Yocal comjjoser acquired ; with orchestra, 1773 Part of the music for ;
a rare jsopularity in England, by his pecu- The Duenna, 1775 Chorus and two songs ;
liar and fascinating melodies. Works Op- — for The Tempest Ode on the Witches and ;
eras and o23erettas La jjoupee de Nurem- : Fairies of Shakspere, 177G The Song of ;
berg, given in London, Covent Garden, Moses, oratorio Accompaniments for wind ;
18G1 The Toy Maker Francesca Doria.

; ; instruments to music in Macbeth. Grove — ;
The Jolly Beggars, cantata 12 songs of ; Eiemann ; Mendel ; Fi'tis.
the camp Selection of Scottish melodies

; LINLEY, Bath about
WILLI.A.:*!, born at
(with C. G. Byrne) Songs of the Trouba- ; 17G7, died in Loudon, Sou May G, 1835.
dours Musical Cynics of London Selec-
; ; and pupU of Thomas Linley and pupil of
tion of original hymn tunes ; Part-songs ;
Abel received an appointment in India
; ;
Trios ; Duets ; Ballads, romances, noc- returning with a comjietence, he devoted

turnes, melodies, and songs.
Fetis, Sup- — himself to music and literature. Works :
plement, Mendel, Ergiiuz., 21G.

ii. 113 ; The Honeymoon, comic opera Pavilion, ;
LINLEY, THO]\LiS, born at Wells, do. The Magic Fire, a pantomime 2 sets
; ;
Somerset, England, about 1725, died in of canzonets Glees Church music. He

; ;
London, Nov. 19, 1795. Pupil of Thomas edited Shakespeare's Dramatic Songs (1815-
Chilcot was for many j'ears singing-master
; IG).— Grove Mendel Fetis Schilling.
; ; ;
and director of concerts in Bath. In 1774 LINTEEilANS, FE.AXCOIS, born at

he was connected with the management Brussels, Aug. 18, 1808, still living, 1SS9.
of oratorios at Drury Lane Theatre, and in Vocal composer of great popularity in Bel-
177G became conductor of the music there. gium, on account of his ai-duous and self-
LI X WOOD
sacrififing efforts iu promoting tlic ciilti- concerts. In 182'J the two violinists were
vatiou of choral music. AVorks : Many
Warsaw, and the friendship was
rivals in
choruses for male voices Sacred coiuiiosi- broken up. In 1839 he became Conzert-
;
tions. —
Fi'tis, Siippk'ment, ii. 114 meister in Dresden, and iu 18G1 retired ou
LINWOOD, MARY, boru at Leicester, a pensiou. He travelled iu France, Eng-
Euglaud, iu 1755, died there, March 2, land, Russia, and Italj', and was everywhere
1845. Vocal composer. Works : David's received with enthusiasm. His j)laying was
First Victory, oratorio Songs, and other characterized by abroad and powerful tone,
;
vocal music, of which her cavatina, " Pretty the result, probably, of his early studies ou
Fairy," is best known. the violoncello. Works 4 violin concer- :
LIPAWSia, JOSEPH, boru at Hohen- tos, including the Military Concerto ; Ron-
mauth, Bohemia, Feb. 22, 1772, died in Vi- dos Polonaises Variations Trio for
; ; ;
enna, Jan. 7, 1810. Pianist, pupil at Kimig- strings Other violin music. He edited, ;
griitz, of the organist Haas on the organ and with Zalewski, the Polish jjoet, a collection
the pianoforte later, while studying law at of Galician Volkslieder (1834).— Meudel
;
the university in Vienna, pupil of Paster- I'Ytis do.. Supplement, ii. 114 Wurz- ; ;
witz, a Benedictine monk, iu composition. bach, XV. 217 Schilling do.. Supplement, ; ;
His intercourse with Vanhall, Abt Stadler, 270 Riemann Wasielcwski, Die Violine, ; ;
Salieri, and with Mozart, induced 402.

princi])ally
Lim to devote himself exclusively to music, LISBETH, French oin'ra-comique in
and in a short time he won a brilliant reputa- three acts, text by Favieres, music by
—
and composer. Works Op- Gretiy, first represented at the Theatre
tion as a pianist
eras Der gebesserte Hausteufel, given at ItaHen, Paris, Jan. 10, 1797. Its success
:
Kronenburg, Nether Austria, about 1810 was brief, and the score was not published.
;
Die Nymphen der Silberquelle, Vienna, Clement et Larousse, 403. —

Schikaueder Theater, about 1800 Berna- LISLE. See Rougel de Lisle.
;
done, Prague, about 1800. Sonatas for pi- LIST TO THE GAY CASTANET. See
anoforte, violin, and violoncello do. for pi- Rose of Castile.
;
anoforte and violin Fugues, sonatas, and

; LISTE, ANTON, born at Hildesheim iu
—
other pieces for pianoforte. Fctis Mendel 1774, died, probably in Ziirieh, after 1828.
;
Schilliug. Pianist and singer, pupil in Vienna of Mo-

LIPLNSKL KAEL JOSEPH, born at zart, and of Albrechtsberger iu compo.sition.
Radzyn, Poland, Oct. He lived iu Vienna till 1804, then in Hei-
30 (Nov. 4?), 1790, delberg, and finally settled in Zurich, to
died at Urlow, near teach music. Works Concerto for piano- :
Lemberg, Dec. IG, forte Sonata for do. and bassoon or vio-
;
1.S61. Virtuoso ou the loncello ; Sonatas, variation.s, and other

violin, instructed by pieces for pianoforte Songs. ; —Fctis ; Ger-
his father, an amateur ber Mendel Schilling. ; ;
violinist, but chiefly LISUART UND DARIOLETTE, Sing-

self-taught ; became spiel iu three acts, text by Schiebler, music
Conzertmeister of the by Johann Adam Hiller, first represented
theatre at Lemberg in in Leipsic, in 17G7. Pianoforte score pub-
1810, and Kapellmeister soon after, but re- lished by Breitkopf & Hiirtel (Leipsic,
signed in 1814, ill order to study. In 1817 18 44)._
be went to Italy, where Paganini showed him CTSft^, J!'MAS?. (Hungarian, Ferencz),
great favour, playing with him every daj', born at Raiding, Hungary, Oct. 22, 1811,
an<l appearing with him in public at two died at Buja'euth, July 31, 188G. His
û^
I.IS/T
father, Adam Liszt, was an officer in tlie The younger daughter, Cosima, was married
Imperial service, and it was from him tliat to Hans von Biilow in 1857, but was af-
the j'oung Franz got his first musical in- terwards divorced from iiini, and married
struction. He Richard Wagner. During his stay in Paris
made his first pub- Liszt rose to the very first place among liv-
lic appearance as a ing pianists ; in fact, he may safely be re-
pianist at Oeden- garded as the greatest pianist in every re-
burg in 1820, with spect that ever lived. Since Paganini the
such success that violinist, no virtuo.so had excited such gen-
several Hungarian eral enthusiasm. In 1849 he settled in
noblemen guaran- Weimar, for fifteen years, as conductor at
teed him the means the Court Theatre. His aim in doing this
to continue his studies for six years. He was mainly to exert all the influence in his
went to Vienna, where he studied the pi- power to further the cause of the new
anoforte under Czeni_y, and composition school of German and French music, and
under Salieri and Randhartinger. His first to bring to a performance important works
published work was the twenty-fourth vari- which had little chance of seeing the light
ation ou a waltz Ijy Diabelli, one of the fifty if left to the mercy of speculative managers.-
variations contributed by various comjios- Among the great compositions he brought
ers (Beethoven wrote thirty-three, his ojj. out at the Weimar Opera maj' be numbered
120, when asked to contribute one\ pub- Wagner's Fliegende Hollander, Tannhiiuser,
lished in June, 1823, in the collection en- and Lohengrin, Schumann's Genoveva and
titled Vaterlandischer Kiinstler-Verein. In music to "Manfred," Schubert's Alfonso und
the same year he went to Paris, hoping to Estrella, and Berlioz's Benvenuto Cellini.
enter the Conservatoire, but Cherubini re- In 1859 he resigned in disgust at the oppo-
fused to make an exception in his favour to sition made to the production of Corne-
the rule forbidding the admission of for- lius's Barbier von Bagdad. After that time
eigners, so he studied iiuder Reicha and he lived at intervals at Rome, Pcsth, Wei-
Paur. His reputation as a pianist was al- mar, and Bayreuth, holding a sort of musi-
ready brilliant his first serious attempt at cal court wherever he happened to be. In
;
composition was a one-act operetta, Don 18G6 holy orders, with the title of Com-
Sanche, which was brought out at the Aca- mendatore, were conferred on him at Rome
demie Royale de Musique with some success, by Pius IX. Liszt's career may be divided
on Oct. 17, 1825. From this time to 182?, into two parts : his virtuoso period, extend-
his time was taken up with concert tours to ing from 1839 to 1849, his career as a com -
England and Switzerland. Being thrown poser beginning about the time of his set-
upon his own resources by his father's death tling in Weimar ; after that time he only
in that year, and having, moreover, to sup- occasionally appeared in public as a pianist.
port his mother, he settled in Paris, where He wrote a great deal of music, almost ex-
he became intimate with Lamartine, George went
clusively for the i)ianoforte, before he
Sand, Victor Hugo, and other lights of lit- to Weimar, but the compositions belonging
erature. Ho temporarily joiuetl the Saint- to his earlier period are chiefly interesting
Simonians, but soon reverted to the Catholic as examples in the history of the devcloi)-
faith. In 18:i-t he formed something more ment of pianoforte playing. Of all modem
than an intimacy with the Comtesse d'Agoult, pianists and writers for the pianoforte Liszt
by whom he had three children. Of these a has undoubtedly contributed most to the
son, and the elder daughter, who married the art of pianoforte playing, and has .seemingly
French statesman Emile Ollivier, are dead. exhausted the resources of that instrument.
LISZT
His recognition as a composer must date, rus Zwei Episoden aus Len.iTi's Faui<t ; 13
;
\i however, from the time when he turned his symphonic poems Ce qu'on entencl sur la :
attention to the orchestra. The pecuhar montagne, 7'asso, Les Prelude.i, Orpha-,
direction his genius then took was probably Promelhe.us, Mazeppa, Festkldnge, Hiro'ide
due great measure to the influence of funubre, Hunyaria, Bamlet, Hunnenschlacht
in
Berlioz and of Wagner, with both of whom (after Kaulbach), Die Idenle (after Schiller),
_^_^ he had formed an Von der Wiegc bis Michael zum Grabe (after
intimacy which soon Zicby) ; Gau-
/l'.s<-Vorspiel, Weimar, 1857 ;
ripened into the dcamus igitur, Humorcske with soU auil

wannest friendship. chorus; i^VsZ-Marscb, "Weimar, Hnldigungs-
Liszt still stands as ]\Iarsch, ib., 1853 Vom Fels zum Jleer ; !
the foremost compo- Deutscher Siegesmarsch Kiiustler-Festzug, ;
ser of so-called pro- 1859 6 Rhapsodies hoDgroises in F, D (2),

;
g r a m m g music. D minor, E, and Pcstlter Carneval Hun- ;
Abandoning Berlioz's garian March, for the Coronation of Francis

plan of attempting to Josejih, Budapest, 1SG7 Bdh-orzy March, ;
make the musical presentation of a poetic S3-mi3honically arranged ; Hungarian Storm

idea, or dramatic narrative,go hand in hand March, 187G ; Szozat and Hymnus ; 2 con-
with the development of an organic and self- certos for pianoforte and orchestra, and I'n-
dependent musical form, he struck out in garische Fantasie ; Todten-Tauz, paraphrase

the new, quasi- Wagnerian direction of mak- on Dies irre, for do.
ing the musical form depend solely upon the n. For pianoforte : 12 Etudes d'exi'cu-
development of the poetic idea he attempted tion transcendaute ; 3 grandes etudes de
to express. He thus gave to the world the concei't Ab irato, etude de perfectionne-
;
Symphonic Poem, in which form programme- ment Waldesrauschen, Guomenreigen, 2

;
music has said its last word uji to the pres- concert etudes Ave Maria 10 Harmonics ; ;
ent time. During the later years of his life poetiques et religieuses ; Annees de Pele-
Liszt applied himself more exclusively to rinage, suite of 14 2)ieces ; Venezia e Napoli,
choral composition. Liszt's personal influ- supplement to former 3 Apparitions 2 ; ;
ence upon the musical world has jirobably Ballades Concert solo C Consolations
; ; ;
been more extensive than that of any single Berceuse Priiludium (after Bach) Varia-
; ;
man in all the history of the art. There tions (do.) Fantasia und Fugue on the;
was hardly a contemporary composer in theme BACH Scherzo and ]March So- ; ;
Eurojie who did not owe something to nata 2 Polonaises Mazurka brillaute
; ;
Liszt's advice, his pecuniary aid, or his gen- Ehapsodie espagnole 3 caprices-valses ;
erous energy in bringing compositions to Feuilles d'Album 2 do. Grand Galop ; ;
public notice, and paving their way to fame. chromatique Valse impromptu Mosonyi's ; ;
His generosity and charity were boundless. burial Elogie 2 Legendes Hymiie du ; ; ;
In one depaiiment Liszt has outstrijiped Pape 15 Ehapisodics hongroises Hunga-

; ;
all rivals in transcribing orchestral or vo- rian Quickstep)

: Introduction and Hunga- ;
cal works for the pianoforte. He numbered rian March.

among his pupils almosi all the great pian- ni. Vocal Oratorios Die Legrnde von — :
ists of the day, von Biilow, Carl Tausig, and der heiligen Elisabeth, Pesth, 1865 (Stan-
Franz Beudel being the most noted of islaus, 1885) ; Christus, for soli, chorus, or-
them. gan, and orchestra, Eome, 18G7.
Works —I. For orchestra : Symphome zu Missa sollennis,
rV. Masses, psalms, etc. :
Dante's Divina Cominedia, with female for the dedication of the basilica at Gran ;
chorus ; /'aMi^-Symphouie, with male cho- Coronation mass, Buda, 1867 Missa chora-
1
;
LITOLFF
with organ Missa, for male voices and vol. iii., 1, Dramaturgische Blatter, I.
'
lis, ;
organ Eequiem, for do. 9 choruses with Abtheilung, Essays, etc. vol. iii., 2, Drama-
; ;
;
organ Die Sehgkeiten, for chorus, bari- turgische Blatter, IL Abthl., Kichard Wag-
;
tone solo, and organ Pater noster, for ;
mixed chorus, with organ do. et Ave ;
Maria, for male voices, with organ Psalm ;
XIII., for tenor solo, chorus, and orchestra ;
Psalm XVIII., for male chorus, with or-

chestra and organ ; Psalm XXIII., for tenor
(or soprano), with harp (or pianoforte) and
organ (or harmonium) Psalm CXXXVII., ;
for a voice, with female chorus, violin, harp, ner ; vol. iv., Aus den Annalen des Fort-
pianoforte, and organ Christus ist geboren, ; schritts ; vol. v., Streifziige ; vol. vi.. Die
Christmas song for chorus, with organ An ; Zigcuner und ihre Musik in Ungarn. —L.
den heiligeu Frauziskus, prayer for male Ramann, Franz Liszt als Kiinstler und
voices, with harmonium (or organ), 3 trom- Mensch (Loipsic, Breitkopf k Hiirtel, 1880).
bones, and kettledrums (ad libitum) ; Des LITOLFF, HENRY (CHARLES), born
erwachenden Kindes Lobgesang, for female in London, Feb. G,
chorus, with harmonium or pianoforte, and 1818, still living,
harp (ad libitum). 1889. Pi.anist and

V. and other choral works
Cantatas, di'amatic composer,
Zur Sacular-Feier Beethoven's, Weimar, son of a French sol-
1870 Choruses (8) to Herder's Der cn/fcs-

;
dier from Alsace,
sclle Prometheus Fest- Album, for Goethe's ; wlio was captured in
100th birthday, Weimar, 1849 Wartburg- ; Spain, settled in
Lieder Die Glock-en des Strassburger Miin-
;
England as a violin-
sters (Longfellow), for baritone solo, chorus, ist, and married an
and orchestra ; Die heiliye Ciicilia, Legende Englishwoman. The

for mezzo-soprano, with chorus (ad libitum) son early became a pupil of Moscheles, and
and orchestra (or pianoforte, harmonium, at the age of twelve played publicly at Cov-
and harp) 12 choruses for male voices 4 ent Garden Theatre.
; An unhapi>y mar- ;
do. An die Kiiustler (Schiller), for soli and riage, when he was but seventeen years old,
;
chorus with orchestra Festchor, for the forced him to leave England for France.
;
luiveiling of Herder's monument, Weimar, Unable to make a living in Paris, he sup-

1850 Festgesang, for 4-part chorus with ported himself in the town of Melun by
;
organ Das Lied der Begeisterung, for male teaching, until his performance at a char-
;
chorus Weimar's Volkslied, for do. Was ity concert brought him influential friends
; ;
ist des Deutscheu Vaterland ?, for do. with and enabled him to remove to the French
pianoforte About GO songs, with jiiano- capital He soon went to Brussels, and in
;
forte Many arrangements for orchestra 1841-44 acted as Kapellmeister in Warsaw.

;
and for pianoforte, of the most varied de- Then he gave concerts in Prague, Dresden,
scription, including the Soirees de Vieuue Leipsic, and Berlin, visited London in 184(5,
(after Schubert). and was very successful in Amsterdam and
Literary works Gesammelte Schriften, Brunswick. He took part in the Vienna
:
frei in's Deutsche iibertragen von La Mara Revolution of 1848, but returned safely to
(Leipsic, Breitkopf & Hiirtel), voL i., Fried- Brunswick, where he married the widow of
rich Chopin vol. ii.. Essays und Reise- the
; music-dealer Meyer, and assumed
briefe eiues Baccalaureus der Tonkuust charge of the business, in 1851. He pub-
LITTA
lislied well-known Collection LitoW,
the I calmelodies.— Fi'tis, Supi)l.'n)ent, ii. 119;
one of the cheap editions of classical
first Riemann.
music. In 18G0 he ti'ansferred the firm to LIVERATI, GIOV.VNNI, born at Bo-
his adopted son Tlieodor, and settled in logna in 1772, died in Italy after 1817.
Paris, where he married the Conitesse de Dramatic singer and composer, pupil of the
Larochefoucauld. Latterlj' he devoted him- brothers Tibaldi for the elements of music,
self to dramatic comjiosition, without gi-eat and at the age of fourteen of Abbate Mat-
success. As a pianoforte virtuoso he postel composition and of Lorenzo Gibelli
in
sesses taste, fire, and brilliancy, but lacks in singing.In early youth noted as a
cori'ectness his compositions arc very un-
; singer in churches and concerts, he became
equal, marked by bold imagination, poetic first tenor at the Italian theatre in B.ircelona
ideas, and strikiupr beauties, and marred by 1792, and
afterwards in JIadrid was
in ;
occasional carelessness and striving Potsdam, to conduct the royal

after called to
originality. Works— Operas : Die Braut opera, and in 1800 became director of the
vom Kynast, Brunswick, and Frankfort, theatre orchestra in Prague. In 1804 he
1847 Rodrigue de Toledo
; Le chevalier went to Trieste, and in 1805 to Vienna,
;
Nahel, Baden, 18G3 La boite de Paudore, where he lived as vocal instructor, in close
;
Paris, HOloise et Abcdard, ib., 1872

1871 ; ;
intercourse with Haydn, Beethoven, and
La belle au bois dormant, and La fiancee Salieri, when he was appointed
till 1814,
du roi de Garbe, ib., 1874; La Mandragore, ; composer to the royal theatre in London.
Brussels, 1876 Les Templier.% ib., 188G
; ;
He returned to Italy in 1817. Works Op- —
L'escadron volant de la reine, Paris, 1888. eras : H divertimento in cainpagna, given
Euth et Booz, oratorio, 1809 Sj-mphonj'- ; in Bologna, 1790 Enea in Cartagine, Vi-
;
concertos for pianoforte and orchestra ;

enna, 179G ; La prova generale, Vienna,
Maximilien Kobesf)ierre, oj). 55, and other 1799 ; II convito degli dei, Vienna, 1799 ;
overtures for orchestra ; Yiolin concerto, La presa d' Egea, Vienna, 1800 ; Davidde,
Eroica ; Trios for pianoforte and strings ;
Vienna. 1802 maestro di musica, Tri-; II
Funeral March for Meyerbeer ; Pianoforte este, 1804 ; H

maestro fanatico, Trieste,
music, and many songs. —Fetis ; do.. Sup- 1804, Vienna, 1805 I selvaggi, Loudon, ;
plement, ii. 117 ; Mendel ; Riemann ; Va- 1814 II trionfo di Cesare, ib., 1814 Gas-
; ;
pereau, Contemporains, 1174 ; Bitard, 828. tone e Bojardo, Gli amanti fanatici, ib.,
LITTA, Conte GIULIO, born in Milan 1815 II trionfo d' Albione, ib., 181G. Ora-
;
in 1822,still li«ng, 1889. Amateur dra- torios Die sieben Worte Jesu am Kreuze
: ;
matic composer, second son of the Duke L' adorazione dei pastori. Cantatas II tri- :
Pompeo Litta, a gi'eat art patron ; from onfo d' Ausonia, Miltiade, and several others.
early youth he showed eminent t:dent for Requiem for four voices, with orchestra ;
music, wrote his first opera at the age of Masses ; Psalms ;

Quartets for strings ; Mu-
twenty, and soon won a steadily increasing sic for violoncello ; Part-songs ; Terzets ;
fame. Works — Operas

Bianca di Sauta- Duets Arias, romances, and songs. Fetis
: ;
— ;
fiera, given in Milan, Conservatorio, 1843 Mendel Riemaiui. ;

;
IMaria Giovanna, Turin, Teatro Carignan LLOYD, CH.UILES HARFORD, born ;
Editta di Lormo, Genoa, Teatro Carlo Felice, at Thorubury, (iloucestershire, England,

1853 ; Sardanapalo ; Don Giovanni di Por- Oct. IG, 1849, still living, 1889. Organist,
togallo ; H Teatro church and vocal composer was appointed
viaudaute, lyric scene, ;
Jlilanese, 1873 Eaggio d' amore, Milan, organist of Gloucester Cathedi-al in 1876,
;
Teatro Manzoni, 1879 II sogno dei fiori and conducted the Gloucester Triennial
;
II violino di Cremona. La Passione, ora- Festival in 1877 and 1880. He is also di-
torio, Turin, Philharmonic Academy Vo- rector of the Gloucester Choi-al Society and ;
LOB
the Gloucester PhilLarinoiiio Society, aud concertos, variations, solos for flute Quar- ;
ill 1883 became organist of Christ Church, tets for pianoforte and strings. Didactic
Oxford. Works— Cantatas Hero and Le- works: Die Lehre von der thematischen Ar-
:
ander, Worcester, 1884 Hong of Balder, beit (Weimar, 184G) Lehrbuch der musi-
; ;
Hereford, 1885 Andromeda. Full Cathe- kalischen Komjwsition (Leipsic, 1850-G7)

;
dral Service in E-flat (Novello) Magnificat Katechismus der Musik (ib., 1851, 21st ed.,
;
and Nunc dimittis, for soli, chorus, and 1881) Musikalische Briefe eiues Wohlbe-
;
orchestra S-part anthems Sonata for or- kaunteu (ib., 1852, 2d ed., 18G0)
; ;
Flic- ;
gan Part-songs and songs. Brown.

;
— gende Blatter fiir Musik (ib., 1853-57)
LOB, OTTO, born at Lindlar, Eheuisli Aus dcm Lebeu eines Musikers (ib., 1859) ;
Prussia, Dec. 25, 1837, still living, 1889. Vereinfachte Harmonielehre (ib., 18G1)
After having received a thorough musical Katechismus der Komjjositiouslehre (1872,
education he went to America, in 1SG4, and 3d ed., 187C) Konsouanzeu und Disso- ;
settled in Chicago, to teach music. He nanzen (18G9). AUgem. d. Biogr., xiv. 24 — ;
founded the two musical societies of that Kiemann ; Mendel ; Futis ; Schilling.
city, Germania and Concordia, and is con- LOBET GOTT IN SEINEN REICHEN,
ductor of the latter. Works Choruses :
;
Oratorium ") Festo Asceusionis
cantata, ("
Songs. —
Mendel. and chorus, with accompa-
Christi, for soli
LOBE, JOHANN CHRISTIAN, born at niment of 3 trumpets, drums, 2 flutes, 2
Weimar, May 30, oboes, strings complete, and contiuuo, by
1797, died in Leip- Johaun Sebastian Bach (Bachgesellschaft,
July 27, 1881. No. 11, Leip.sic, 1852).
sic, Published also
Dramatic composer, witli additional accompaniments by Robert
Iûjiil of August Kie- Franz, Breslau, Leuckart. The autograph
mann on the flute is in the KOnigliche Bibliotliek, Berlin.
and violin, later of LOBGESANG (Hymn of Praise), Sinfonie-
A. E. Mailer; ap- Cantate in three parts, for orchestra and
peared as solo flut- chorus, by Mendelssohn, op. 52, written at
ist at the Gewand- Leipsic in 1840 for the fourth centennial
liaus, Leipsic, in celebration of the art of printing and first ;
1811 for many years flutist, and afterwards given at St. Thomas's Church, Leipsic, June
;
viola player in the court orchestra at Wei- 25, 1840. After its second performance,
mar, he received the title of professor and which took place at Birmingham (England),
founded a music school in 1812, removed Sept. 23, 1840, Mendelssohn conducting, it
to Leipsic in 1816, and edited the AUge- was considerably changed, the scene of the
meine musikalische Zeitung until 1818. Watchman being added, and it was again
He also taught music, and devoted Limself performed in Leipsic, Dec. 3, 1840. The
to theoretical writings, published the Flie- work is dedicated to Friedrich August H.,
geude Blatter f (ir Musik in 1853-57, edited King of Saxony. The title was suggested
the musical department of the Leipsic II- by Karl Klingemaun. I. Siufouia, Maes-
lustrirte Zeitung, and contributed to other toso con nioto. Allegro, in B-flat Allegretto ;
periodicals. —
Works Operas Wîttekind, un poco agitato, in G minor Adagio reli-
: ;
Herzog der Sachsen, Weimar, 1822 Der gioso, in D n. Chorus, Alles was Odem
; ;
Wundergiirtel (1827) Die Flibustier, ib., hat lobe den Herrn

; HI. Recitative and ;
1829 Die Fiirstin von Granada, oder der tenor aria, Er zilhlet uns're Thriinen in der
;
Zauberblick, ib., 1833 Der rothe Do- Zeit der Noth IV. Chorus, Sagt cs, die ihr
; ;
mino, ib., 1837 Konig und Piichter, ib., erloset von dem Herrn aus aller Triibsal
;
1841. 2 symphonies Several overtures, V. Soprano solo, Ich harrete des Herrn
;
LU1]K(J\\'1TZ
und er neigte sicL zu niiv

YI. Tenor solo, with orchestra
; Concert overture Quar- ;
;
Stricke des Todes hatteu uus niafiiugen tet for strings. Fetis Mendel. ; — ;
VII. Chorus, Die Nucht ist vergaiigeu VIII. LOBO, Dom Portuguese
; AFFONSO,
Cboral, Nun dauket AUe Gott iiiit Herzeii composer, born about 1555, died in Toledo.
Chorus, Lob, Ehr, uud Preis sei Gott IX. Church composer, first mestre de capella ;
Tenor solo, Drum meineni in Lisbon, then at the Cathedral of Toledo.

sing' ich init
Liede ewig den Lob X. Chorus, Ihr VOlker, He is designated by Lopo de Vega as one
;
briugt. Published by Breitkopf & Hilrtel of the greatest artists of his time. Works :
(Leipsic, English adaptation by Book of Motets, from which the Magnificat

1841).
John A. authorized by Mendels- fur 8 voices is inserted in Hilarion Eslava's
Novello,
sohn, performed by the Sacred Harmonic Lyra sacro-hispana (^ladrid, 1855 to 1809)
Society,London, March 10, 181.3. Breit- Masses and other church music. Fetis — ;
kopf & Mendelssohn Werkc, Serie Vasconcellos.

Hiirtel,
11, No. 93.— Rockstro, Mendelssohn, 74 LOCATELLI, PIETRO, born at Bergamo ;
Schumann, Gesammelte Schrifteu, ii. ICO in 1093, died in Amsterdam in 1704. Vio- ;
Neue Zeitschrift fiir Mubik (10), 193 ; Up- linist, pupU of Corelli in Rome ; travelled
ton, Standard Oratorios 213. much, and settled in Amsterdam, where be
LOBKOWITZ QUARTETS, 6 quartets established public concerts. He was a very
for two and violoncello, in F,
violins, viola, original player, first devised some wonder-
G, D, E minor, A, and B-liat, by Beetho- ful feats of execution, and Paganiui is
ven, op. 18, written between 1795 and 1800, thought to have taken hints from him.
and dedicated to Prince Lobkowitz, Herzog Works 12 concert! grossi, op. 1 Sonatas : ;
von Rauduitz. Published by T. Mollo (Vi- for flute, with bass, op. 2 L' Arte del vio- ;
enna, 1801 and 1802). Breitkopf & Hilr- lino, with 12 concertos and 24 caprices for
tel, Beethoven Werkc, Serie 0, No. 1-0. 2 \dolius, viola, violoncello, and bass, op. 3 ;
— Thaj'er, Verzeichniss, 30 Leuz, Beetho-

; concertos, op. 4 trios for 2 violins and ;
ven, vol. i., jwrt i , 108 Marx, Beethoven, violoncello, op. 5 12 violin sonatas, op.
; ; ;
i. 192 ; Grove, ii. 154. concerti a quattro, op. 7 ; Trios, op. 8 ; L'
LOBM.YNN, FRANZ, born Arte di uuova modulazionc, in later editions
at Volschau
in Nether Lusatia in as Caprices enigmatiques, op. 9 Coutrasto
1809, still living, ;
1889. Violinist, pupil of his father (town armonico, concerti a quattro, op. 10. Fe- —
musician and organist at Muskau, Silesia) tis Riemann Schilling Wasielcwski, Die ; ; ;
on several instruments, and of Leopold Violine, 53 Dubourg, The Violin, G3 ;
Schefer in harmony and counteriôint. In Hart, do., 219.

1720 he joined the orchestra of the Ivo- LOCCHINI, ANTONIO, born in Apulia,
nigstiidter Theater, Berlin, continuing his Italy, in 1740, died, probably before 1787.
studies under the chamber musician Dam, Dramatic composer, pupil and later in-
and S. W. Dehn ; entered the royal orches- structor at the Couservatorio del Ospeda-
tra in 1833, and soon after was called to letto, Naples. Works Operas Tut ti quau- — :
Riga, as chorus-master and Conzertmeister sono pazzi, given in Naples, Teatro del li
at the theatre. He left this jiosition, about Fioreutiui, 1700 Scipiono in Cartagiue, ;
1847, to devote himself to teaching, compo- Parma, about 1780.— Frtis Jlendcl. ;
sition, and the conducting of the concerts LOCHABEU NO MOKE, a Scottish or

of the Singing which ho appeared
Societj', in Irish air, probably of the 17th century.
also as violinist about 1800. Works

till There are several versions, of which the
Der Kiifig, comic opera Psalm CXXL, ; Scottish ones are traced to the old ballad,
chorus for men's voices, with orchestra, "Lord Ronald (or Randal, according to
performed in Riga, 1847 ; Solos for violin. Scott), my Sou." The verses, Fai-ewcll to
LOCK
Lochuber, were written by AlLiii llamsay suites, in MS. He was author also of a few
(lGSG-1758). In L-elaud the air is called controversial writings of great asperity.
Limerick's Laincntatiou, and is associated Grove Fetis Riemann North, Memoirs — ; ; ;
with tbe capitulatiou of Limerick iu 1G90, of Musick, 1)5 Hawkins, Hist, iv. 417 ;
when tbe Irish soldiery were cruelly sejiar- Harmonicon (1829), 1.
ated from their wives and children and em- LODER, EDWARD JAMES, born at
barked at Cork for France. The several Bath, England, in
tunes are given in Grove. 1813, died in Lon-
LOCK, MATTHEW, born at Eseter, don, April 5,
England, died 18G5. Dramatic
iu London, Au- composer, pujiil of
gust, 1677. Ho Ferdinand Ries in
was a chorister Frankfort in 182G
of Exeter Ca- rctiu'ned to Eng-
thedra 1, and land in 1828, but
later became a once more went to
impil of Edward Germany to study
Gibbons and of under the same
Wake. His suc- teacher ; was for several years conductor at
cess in comjios- the Princess's Theatre, London, and after-
ing the music for the jsrogress of Charles wards at Manchester. Works Nourjahad, :
II. through London the day before his cor- opera, 1834 The Night Dancers, do., 181G ; ;
onation, in IGGl, gained for him the place of Puck, ballad opera, additions to The Sul-
composer iu ordinary to the King. He is tan, The Young Guard, 1848 ; Raymond
believed to have become a Catholic, since and Agnes, Music for Oxenford's
185.5 ;
he was afterwards appointed organist to the Dice of Death, 1835 Twelve Sacred Songs ;
queen. In 1G72 he had a very lively liter- Various songs made into an opera, Francis
ary controversy with Thomas Salmon, who I., 1838 The Island of Calypso, cantata,
;
had devised a scheme of writing all sorts of 1851 Several unpublished operas String
; ;
music in one universal character, an inno- quartets ; Songs, including The Old House
vation that never amounted to anything. at Home, The Brave Old Oak, and Invoca-
Works Music to Shirley's masque, Cupid
: tion to the Deep. — Grove ; Riemann ; Men-
and Death (with Gibbons), 1G53 Little ; del, Ergiluz., 244 ; Fetis, Supplement, ii.
Consort of Three Parts, for viols or violins 119.

(1G5G) Music to Stapylton's comedy. The
; LODER, KATE FANNY, born at Bath,
Stepmother, IGGi Instrumental music to
; England, Aug. 22, 182G, still living, 1889.
Dryden and Davenant's alteration of The Henry Field, and at tlio
Pianist, pupil of
Tempest, 1G70 Music to Davenant's altera-
; Royal Academy of ]\Iusic (1839-44) of Mrs.
tion of Machclh, 1G72, ascribed to him by Lucy Anderson and Charles Lucas won the ;
tradition Music to Shadwell's Psyche, 1G73,

; King's scholarship iu 1839, and was re-
which was published with the Tempest nui- elected, 1841. She appeared iu concerts at
sicasThe English Opera (1G75) Melathesia, ; Bath and at the Royal Academy in 1840,
or Certain General Rules for playing ujjou was aj^pointed professor of harmony in 1844,
a Continued Bass (1G7;5), said to be the and made her appearance at the Philhar-
first book of the kind jjublished in England ;
monic Society, first in 1847, and last in
Many instrumental pieces, anthems, hymns, 1854. She was married to Sir Henry
and songs in various collections Consort ; Thompson, the eminent surgeon, in 1851.
of ffoure Parts, for viols, comprising six She has composed an opera, an overture, 2
LODI
Btring quartets, a trio for pianoforte and which was received with gi-eat enthusiasm.
strings, a sonata for pianoforte and The work was severely criticised, for Che-
violin,
sonatas and other music for pianoforte, and rubini substituted in it for the prevailing
songs. — Grove. Italian method new dramatic and iiistni-
LODI, ANGELO, horu at Fiume, Frinli, mental effects, anticipating somewhat the
May died there, Feb. 11, 1839. modem German cult. Lodoiska paved the
10, 1777,
Pianist, and instrumental com- way for the operas of Mrluil, Lesueur,
organist,
poser, pupil of Briggio Petrucci, and at and Spontini. Mme Scio made her debut
Bologna of Padro Mattel in counterpoint. at the Feydeau as Lodoiska. The opera
On returning to his native town he became was rein-esented in Dresden, Aug. 7, 1801,
second maestro di cappella at the cathe- and again, July 13, 1817 and in Berlin, ;
dral. He was inspector and instructor Aug. 3, 1818. Publishe.l by Imbault

of the town-guard music band, member of (Paris) and by Breitkopf & Hiirtel (Leip-
the Philharmonic Academies of FeiTara, sic). The autogi-aph MS. is lost. Same
Bologna, and Eovigo, of the Odeon in Ven- subject, Lodoiska, ou les Tartare.s, comedie
ice, the Philharmonic Society in Modena, in three acts, text by Dejaure, music by
and the Athena>um in Forli. Works : Sym- Kreutzer, first represented at the Italiens,
phonies for orchestra Masses ; ; Pianoforte Paris, Aug. 1, 1791. It contains some of
music Canzonets. Fctis.
; — Kreutzer's best work. A translation of Lo-
LODOISKA, comcdie-lu'roique in three doiska by John Kemble, with music selected
acts, text 1)3' Fillettc-Loreaux, after Lou- from Cherubini's and Kreutzer's operas by
Storace, who added several melodies of bis
own, was given at Drury Lane, London,
June 19, 1791, with Mrs. Crouch as Lodoi-
ska, and Michael Kelly as Florestan. Bcl- —
lasis, Cherubini, 44 La Mara, JIusikali.sche
;
Studieukopfe, ii. IG Weber, Weber, iii. 153

;
;
Les Spectacles de Paris (1792), 248 ^loritz ;
Hauptmann, Briefe an Franz Hauser, ii.

127 ;Le Menestrel (1880-81), 385 (Pou-
gin) ; Clayton, Queens of Song, i. 201.
LCEILLET, JEAN B.VPTISTE, born in
Ghent, second half of the 17th century, died
in London in 1728. Virtuoso on the flute,
pianist, and instrumental composer studied ;
music in his native town, then from 1702 in

Paris ; settled in London in 1705, entered
Anna Matia Crouch.

the opera orchestra there, and from 1710
gave weekly concerts in his house. He was
vet's romance, Le chevalier de Faublas, much sought as an instructor. Works 4 :
music by Cherubini, fir.st represented at works of sonatas for flute Sonat;\s for 2 ;
the Feydeau, Paris, July 18, 1791. Lodoi- flutes Trios for flutes G sonatas for vaii-; ;
ska, who has been seized by Dourlinski ous instruments 12 suites of lessons for ;
and imprisoned in his castle in Poland, to the harpsichord. Fctis Mcndd. — ;
force her acceptance of his hand, is rescued LOEWE, (JOH.YNX) KARL (GOTT-
by her lover Floreski with the aid of Ti- FRIED), born at Li.bejiln, between Ki.theu
tzikan, leader of the Tartars. Cherubini's and Halle, Nov. 30, 179(5, died at Kiel, April
success in Paris dates from this opera. 20, 18G9. The twelfth and youngest child
r/)EWE
of a caiilor and Kclioolniastcr, from wliom which occurred after a second trance. His
he received his first musical instniction. heart was buried near his organ in St. Ja-
In 1809 he entered cobus at Stettin. Loewe was a voluminous
the gymnasium of composer. Among his oratorios the best
tlie Franke known are Die ZerstOrung von Jerusalem
Institu-
where and Die sieben Sehlilfer. His Die Apostel
tion at Halle,
he studied composi- von Philippi (for voices without orchestra)
tion under Tiirk, an has been considered a model of style. He
annuity of three was less successful on the stage, his ojiera
liundred thalers, Die drei Wiinsche, given at Berlin in 1834
f,'i\(n him by King under Spontini's direction, being about his
.T( lome, allowing only work in this form that made much
him to devote his mark. But his high reputation rests chiefly
time to music "Wlien the war of 1812- on his ballads, of which he wrote a great
13 broke out, the flight of King Jerome number. After Zumsteeg, whose mantle
left Loewe without any income, but on may be said to have fallen upon his shoul-
the recommendation of Niermeyer (chancel- ders, he was the ballad writer par excellence
lor of the Gymnasium) he obtained admis- of Germany. His power of expression and
sion to the University of Halle as theologi- of musical characterization was unique.
cal student under Michaelis. Tiirk died in He was a tolerable pianist and an excellent
1811, but his successor, Naue, emulating singer he and his second wife (Auguste
;
the example of Zelter at Berlin, founded a Lange, of Kinigsberg) used often to sing
Singakademie, which Loewe joined, thus together in his oratorios.
making the acquaintance of Julie von Jacob, —
Works I. Oratorios and cantatas Die :
whom he afterwards married (Sept. 7, 1821). Festzeiten Die Zerddrung von Jerusalem,
;
His first ballads date from the year 1818. Stettin, 1829 Die siehen Sehlilfer, 1833 ; ;
During the next two years he visited Dres- Die eherne Schlange, for unaccompanied
den, Weimar, and Jena, making the ac- voices, Jena, 1834 Die Apostel von Philippi, ;
quaintance of von Weber, Hummel, and id., ib., 1835 Gutenberg, Mainz, 183(5 ;
Goethe. In 1820 he went on invitation to I'alestrina (MS.), 1841 Johann Ha.^x, Ber- ;
Stettin, where, after passing a rigorous ex- lin, 1842 Iliob, MS., 1848 ; Der irrish-r ;
amination, he was installed professor at the von Avis (MS.) Das Si'dinopfer das neuen ;
gymnasium and seminary, and cantor. Bundes (MS.) Das Imhe Lied Saloraonis ;
Next year he was made Musikdircktor to (MS.) Pohis von Atella (MS.) Die Ileilung
; ;
the municipality, and organist at the St. dcs Blindgeborenen, for unaccompanied
Jacobuskirche. He made a good rejjuta- voices, ISGl Johannes der TiUifer (MS.),
;
tion in the exercise of these functions, and id., 18C2 Die Auferweckung des Laz-
;
in 1837 was elected member of the Akade- arus, id., 18G3 Der Segen von Assisi, un- ;
mie at Berlin. He travelled a good deal, finished Die erste Walpurgisnacht, ballad
;
visiting Hamburg, Liibeck, Bremen, Diis- by Goethe, for solos, chorus, and orchestra,
seldorf, and Mainz (for the Gutenberg op. 25, Berlin, Schlesinger Cantatas for all ;
Commemoration) in 1837, Vienna in 1814, church festivals, three years complete.

London in 1817, Sweden and Norway in H. Dramatic works Die Alpenhiitte, :
1851, and Paris in 1857. In 18G4 he fell operetta in one act Eudolph, der deutsehe ;
into a trance which lasted six weeks, and Herr, romantic opera in three acts, 1825 ;
in 186G the Stettin authorities asked him I\Ialek Adliel, tragic opera in three acts, not
to resign. He consequently left Stettin for performed, but given as concert music in
Kiel, where he remained until his death. Stettin, 1832 Die drei Wiinsche, oj)era,
;
LOGIER
Berlin, Hofoper, 1834 Emmy, do., Berlin ; Selbstbiogi-aphie, ed. by Bitter (Berlin,
Neckereien, comic opera, Weimar Cho- ; 1870) ; Max Runze, Bilder aus Loewe's
ruses and entr'actes to Rau2:)ach's Tranmer- Leben (in Goldstein's MusikweU, Nos. 24,
ziiblung Overture, choruses, and entr'actes
; 2.5, 2G, 28, 29, 4G, Berlin, 1881) ; do. in
to Raupach's Themisto. Samml. mus. Vortriige, v. 325 ; N. Zeitscbr.
m. Vocal chamber music 3 ballads by : f. Mus., iii. 97, 101 ; Gumprecht, N. mus.
Herder, Uhland, and Goethe, op. 1, Berlin, Charakterbilder, 103 ; Wellmer, Mus. Skiz-
Schlesinger Das Gebet des Herrn, und die
; zen u. Studien ; Allgem. d. Biogr., xix. 300.
Einsetzungsworte des heiligen Abcndmahls, LOGIER, JOHANN BERNHARD, bom
op. 2, Halle, Kuinmel 3 ballads by Kiir- in Cassel, Feb. 9,
;
ner. Herder, and Willibald Alexis, ib. 3 do. 1777, died near Dub- ;
by Herder and Uhland, op. 3, ib. C songs lin, July 27, 184G. ;
Ijy Byron (to Tlieremiu's translation), op. 4, He went to England
ib.; Other ballads, separate or in collec- when about ten years

tions, op. 5, G, 7, 8, 9, 10, 13, 14, 1.5, IG, 17, old, entered a mili-
20, 21, 23, 29, ib. ; G songs for 4 or 5 male tary band as Hutist,
voices, op. 19, Berlin, Wagenfiihr ; 5 sacred and accomjianied
4-part songs for male voices, op. 22. the regiment to Ire-
rV. Instrumental works 3 string quar- land in 1796 he: ;
tets, op. 24,Wagenfiihr Sacred was occupied in

Berlin, ;
quartet, op. 2G, ib., Trautwein Grand trio teaching the pianoforte and instructing
;
for pianoforte, violin, and violoncello, op. military bands later became organist at ;
12 Grand duo for pianoforte for 4 hands, Westport, Ireland. He there invented the
;
op. IS, ib. Grand sonata in E, for piano- chiroplast, a machine for forming a correct
;
forte, op. 16, ib., Wagenfiihr Fantasie for position of the hands in pianoforte playing,
;
do., op. Mazeppa, musical ijoem and also a new method of instruction, in
11, ib. ;
after Byron, for do., op. 27 Elegische So- which he made several pupils play at the
;
nate for do., ib. Der mitleidige Bruder, same time, on as many jjianofortes. He then
;
musical poem for do., op. 28, ib. Sympho- lived in Dublin, and afterwards in Lon- ;
nies, overtures, pianoforte concertos, etc., don invited by the Prussian government ;
in MS. to teach his system, he spent three years in

V. Literary works Gesanglehre, prak- Berlin for that purpose, and after his return,
:
tisch und theoretiseh fiir Gymnasien, Se- in 182G, settled at Dublin. The system ex-
minarien und Biirgerschu- cited great discussion, and was used in
Ion entworfen (Stettin, ^^^^ many German cities and in the Conserva-
182G 2d ed., enlarged f'j^fJ/Q^
;
toire of Paris. Works Concerto for piano- :
and corrected, Berlin, Lo- *

forte Sonatas and other pianoforte music ; ;
gier, 1828 3d ed., Stettin, 1834) Mus- Trios with thito and violoncello Ode on
; ;
;
ikalischer Gottesdienst, me-

thodische Anweisung zam
Kirchengesange und Orgel-
spiel, etc. (Stettin, 1851, 4
editions) ; Commentar zum
zweiten Theile des Goethe-
'schen Faust (Berlin, 1834).
— Ambros, Cultiirhistorischo
Bilder, 97 Rcissmaun, Gcschichte des the fiftieth year of the reign of George HI.,
;
deutscheu Liedes, 2GG-2G9 Karl Loewe's 1809 A Complete lutroductiou to the

; ;
L()(iUOSCIX()
Keyed Bugle. Ho was author also of an night dates the success of the Wagner
explauatiou and description of the royal movement in German3-. The scene of the
patent chiroplast or hand-director for jiiauo- opera is laid in Antwerp, in the first half of
forte (181G) ; The First Companion to the the tenth century. In a meadow on the
Eoyal Patent Chiroplast Logier's Practical ;
Thorough-bass (1819) System der Musik- ;
wissenschaft uud der miisikalisehcn Kom-

position (1827), and other minor works on
the same subject. — AUgcm. d. Biogi-., six.
110 ; Mendel ; FOtis ; Grove ; Riemann ;
Schilling Supplement, 280.

; do.,
LOGROSCINO, NICCOLo, born in Na-
ples about 1700, died there in 1763. Dra-
matic composer became in 1747 professor
;
of counterpoint at the Conservatorio dei

Figliuoli Dispersi. He stood first in the
composition of opera buft'a until the ajipear-
ance of Piccinni, and introduced the finali
with great effect into his works. Works
Operas : II goveruatore, Naples, about 174:0 ;
II vecchio marito Tauto bene, tanto male; ;
La Violaute, Naples, 1741 La cimetella ;
correvata, ib., 1744 Li zite in galera, Don ;
Paduano, ib., 1745 La costanza, iV)., 1747 ; ;
Li dispietti d' amore (with others), ib., 1748 ;
La flnta Frascatana, ib., 1750 Giunio ;
Bruto, ib., about 1750 Lo cicisbeo, ib., ;
1751 La Griselda, ib., 1752 Elmira ge-

; ;
nerosa, with otherfs, ib., 1753 Le Cbiajese ;
cantarine, ib., 1754 Rosmonda, ib., 1755, ;
with others. Fotis —

do.. Supplement, ii. ;
Emil Goetz. as Lohengrin.
121 Mendel Riemann.

; ;
banks of the Scheldt, Heinricli der Vogler
LOHENGRIN, romantic opera in three (Henry the Fowler), King of Germany, as-
acts, text and music by Richard Wagner, sembles his Brabant vassals to ask their aid
first represented at Weimar, Aug. 28, 1850, in driving out the Hungarians, who had
with the following cast then (92G) advanced into the middle of Sax-
Lohengrin (T.) Herr Beck.

ony. He finds Brabant without a ruler and
in confusion. Gottfried, son of the late
Telramund (Bar.) Herr Milde.
Duke, has disajipeared, and Friedrich von
Koiiig Heinricli (B.) Herr H<)fer.
Elsa von Brabant
Tekamund, husband of Ortrud, daughter
(S.) Frl. Agthe.
of the Prince of Friesland, charges Elsa,
Ortrud (S.) .Frl. Faisstlinger.
Gottfried's sister, with his death and claims
The date chosen for the first performance the duchy and the estates. Elsa, summoned
was the anniversary of the birthday of before the King to submit her cause to the
Goethe and the day of the inauguration of ordeal of the trial by battle, describes a
the statue to Herder. Liszt, who conducted, knight she has seen in a vision and names
had invited musical and literary friends him as her champion. The arena is formed,
from all parts of Europe, and from that the trumpets sound, and all await the un-
LOIIEX(atL\
known At last a boat drawn bj' a peaches Elsa, " Zum Sterbcn kain der Her-
knight.
swan seen approaching on the Scheldt, zog von Brabant " Elsa's relation of her
is
;
and, to the wonder of the peojile, Lohen- vision of the knight, "Einsam in triibeu
grin lauds, and recognized by Elsa as Tagen " Lohengrin's farewell to the swan,
is
;
the subject of her dream. Before Lohen- "Nun sci gedankt, mein lieber Schwan ;"
grin enters the lists, Elsa promises to be his injunction to Elsa before the combat,
his wife and never to ask his name nor "Nie sollst du mich befragen " and the ;
whence he came. Lohengrin overcomes prayer of King Heinrich, " :\rein Herr und
Telramund but spares his life, and he and Gott, nun ruf ich Dich." Li the second act
Elsa are carried off in triumph. In the are The scene between Telramund and
:
second act Telramund and Ortrud are seen Ortrud, " Erhebe dich, Geno.ssin meiner
in despair on the steps of the cathedral in Schmach " Elsa's love-song from the bal-
;
which the wedding of Elsa and Lohengrin cony, "Euch Liiften, die mein Klagen ;
is to take 2)laee. As the procession enters, and the bridal-procession music. In the
Elsa, moved by Ortrud's entreaties, prom- third act are The bridal song of Elsa's
:
ises to secure a rejn-ieve for Telramund attendants, " Treulich gefiihrt, ziehet da-
from the sentence imjjosed upon him, and hin " The great love scene Lohengiin's
; ;
Ortrud repays her by instilling into her scene in which he reveals his identity with
mind suspicious of Lohengrin, whom Tel- the son of Parzival, " Iu femem Land, un-
ramund al.so denounces for sorcei'y but ;
the King believes in the Knight of the Swan,

and the union takes place. The scene of
the third act is the bridal chamber. Tel-
ramund, with four of his followers, rushes
iu to assassinate Lohengrin, but is struck
down by the hero. Elsa, notwitlistauding
her promise, asks the fatal question, and
Lohengrin reveals that he is the son of
Parzival, Knight of the Holy Grail, and,
since this is known, must return to his
guardianship. His swan reappears, and he
bids Elsa an eternal farewell but as he is
;
about to leave, Ortrud declares the swan to

be the lost Gottfried. Lohengrin releases
him from the enchantment, a white dove
takes the place of the swau, and Lohengrin
sails away, leaving Elsa to die in her
brother's arms. The text of Lohengrin
was written iu 184.5. The story is founded my.',
^f^^^-:
)!i^>.y,
chiefly on the Ai-thurian legend of the Holy

" 7 ' •/,.
Grail, mingled with the German legend of
the Knight and the Swan-boat, the version
of Wolfram von Escheubach being followed
pretty closely in both. The music was nahbar curen Schritten " and his farewell,
;
begun in Paris, continued iu Dresden, and " O Elsa uur eiu Jahr an deiner Seite."
!
finished in Switzerland iu 1849. Among Lohengrin was given at Wiesbaden iu 1853 ;
the noteworthy portions of the first act Leipsic, Schwerin, Frankfort, D;u-mstadt,
are Telramund's scene iu which he im- Breslau, and Stettin iu 1854
:
Cologne, ;
LOHLE
Hainhurg, Riga, aud Prague in 1855 Mu- which expanded into a Conservatoriuin.
;
iiicli aud Vieuna in 1858 Berlin and Dres-

; Works
24 masses for 4 voices, with organ :
;
den in 185!); New York, in Italian, 1874, 24 sacred songs Choruses and quartets for ;
in German, Dec. 3, 1884 in London, in

;
men's voices 24 .school songs 30 ^lart- ; ;
Italian, Coveut Garden, IMay 8, 1875, Driiry songs for 4-5 voices. He published All-
Lane, June 12, 1875 in Paris, May 3, gemeine Anleitung zu einer Elementar-Mu-
;
1887. Published, full and jManoforte scores, sikschule.- Fetis Mendel. — ;
Breitkopf & Hilrtel (Leipsic, 1852).— Wag- LOHNER, JOHANN, boru in Nurem-
ner, Gesammelte Scliriften, ix. 341 Liszt, berg, Dec. 21, 1G45, died there, April 2,
;
Gesammelte Scliriften, vol. iii., part ii., Gl 1705. Organist and pianist, pupil of
;
Joacbim Eaff, Die Waguerfrage Eiickert, Wecker, his brother-in-law. He appeared

;
Lohengrin ; Carl Nohriug, "Wagner's Lo- as a pianist in Vienna, Salzburg, and Leip-
hengrin und die Berliner Kritik, etc. sic, and settled in Nuremberg as organist,
;
Franz MiiUer, Lohengrin und die Gral- first at the Church of Our Lady, then in that
und Schwanensage Wolzogen, Lohengrin of the Holy Ghost, aud finally at St. Lo-
; ;
Kastner, Wagner-Catalog, 27 Pobl, Wag- reuz.

; Works 12 arias for voice and 2 vio- :
ner, 59 Jullien, Wagner, 84

;
Glaseuapp, lins (1080) Auserlesene Kirchen-und Tafel-
; ;
Eichard Wagner's Leben und Wirken, i. Musik (1682) 44 Arieu aus der Opera von ;
301 Hueffer, Music of the Future, 109

; Theseus (1088); Chr. Ad. Negeleius alte
;
Edwards, The Lyrical Drama, i. 228 Zions-Harfe in Melodiengebracht (1693) ;
Schun', Le Drame musical (1886), ii. 87 Trauungslust oder Erdenfreude (1G97)

; ;
Neue Zeits., xxxiii. 107, 115, 118, 13G, 151, Suavissimffi canonum nuisicalium delicire, 3,
162 ;xxxvi. 37 xxxviii. 48

; xl. 27 1. SO,
; ; 4, 5-8 voc. (1700).— Fetis ; Gerber ; Men-
109 ;Mus. Wochenblatt (1870), 666 (1872) ;
del ; Schilling.
9, 23; (1873), 216, 240, 270; (1875), 45; LOLLI (Lolly), ANTONIO, born at Ber-
Bayreuther Blatter (1886), 213 Athenjeum ; gamo about 1730, died iu Sicily in 1802.
(1873), i. 287 (1875), i. G63, 827
;
Upton, ; Violin virtuoso, Conzertmeister at Stuttgart
Standard Operas, 261. in 1762-73 then went to St Peter.sburg,
;
LOHLE, FRANZ XAVEE, boru at Wie- where he was a favourite of the Empress
sensteig, Wiirtemberg, Dec. 3, 1792, died Catharine II., remaining until 1778. In
at Munich, Jan. 29, 1837. Dramatic singer 1779 he appeared iu Paris, then in Spain,
and vocal composer, pujiil of his father, who and in 1785 in Loudon, and later in Den-
was choirmaster in the chapter convent at mark and Italy. He was a iêrformer with
Wiesensteig. He began to sing in the choir extraordinary skill, but decidedly unmusical,
at the age of six, continued his studies at and was unable to read correctly, keep time,
Augsburg, under Witschka, and from 1803 or play with projier exj^ressiou. Works :
lived in Munich, as chorister in the semi- Sonatas and concertos for violin. — Grove ;
nary and solo contralto in the court cha2)el. Burney, Hist., C80 Eiemann Fetis iv. ; ;
The King of Wiirtemberg took care of his Mendel Schilling Gerber Wasielewski,
; ; ;
further education, under Kapellmeister Die Violiue, 131 Hart, The Violin, 228 ; ;
Danzi and the tenor Krebs at Stuttgart, in Dubourg, The Violin, 8G.
1807-9, and made him a member of the LOMAGNE, JOSEPH, boru at Perpi-
com-t stage, which he left after his benefac- gnan in 1804, died there in 1868. Violinist,
tor's death, in 1810, for an appointment at pupil of Coste, maitre de chajêlle of the
the royal theatre in Hanover. He returned
Cathedral of Perpignan, then of Kreutzer
to Stuttgart in 1818, then lived in Munich at the Paris Couservatoii-e. After having
as first tenor in 1819-33, when he became been solo violin at the theatres of Nimes and
director of the Central Singing School, Bordeaux, he returned to his native city to
LOMBARDI
teach, !iii<l ill 1842 founded a Conservatoire, still living, 1889. Dramatic comiioser, pu- I
of which he was the director to the end of pil of Pixis on the pianoforte, of Carini
in
his life. Worlis La Marouite, opera harmony, and of Pietro Raimondi in coun-
:
Mass for three voices Stabat Mater, with terpoint settled, at the age of sixteen, at
;
;
soli and choruses Psalms, vespers, canti- Naples, where he established a school
;
of
cles, etc Trios and quartets for strings singing which produced many distinguished
;
Fautaisies and airs varies for violin Col- artists. In 18.57 he became director of the
;
lection of etudes for do. — Fetis, Sn2)ple- Scuola di Perfezioiie in the Albergo de'
ment, ii. 121. Poveri, and later of the Society of Scientists,
LOJIBARDI ALLA PRIJIA CROCIATA, Litterati, and Artists. Works Operas La — :
I (Tlie Lombards in the Fir.st Crusade), sartina e 1' usuraio, given at Naples, Teatro
Italian opera in four acts, text by Solera, Nuovo, 1853 Lo spaccalegna, ib., Teatro ;
music by Verdi, first represented at La del Fondo, 1860 L' albergo dell' allegria, ;
Scala, Milan, Feb. 11, 1843. The subject, il)., Teatro San Carlo, 18(J4 Lida La zia ; ;
derived from a poem by Grossi, deals with Teresa, operetta, given at Palermo, Teatro
the Lombards in the Crusades, and is full San Ferdinando Quattro mariti e due ;
of assassinations and violent scenes. It was moglie, ib. He published also two didactic
not very successful, and Verdi rearranged works on the art of singing. Futis, Sup- —
most of the music for Jh-usalem. The plement, ii. 122.
opera was given in Berlin in September, LONGHURST, WILLLLM HENRY,
1813 at Her Majesty's, London, March 13, born in London, Oct,
;
184G in New York^ March 3, 18-17 and G, 1819, still living,

; ;
at the Thc'fitre Italien, Paris, Jan. 10, 18G3. 1889. Organist and
— Clement et Larousse, 408 ; Allgem. mu.s. church composer, pu-
Zeitg., xlvii. 778. pil, while chorister
LOMBAIJDI, GIACOMO, born Canterbury Ca- in Parma, in
Italy, in 1810, died in Naples, April, 1877. thedral, of High-
Dramatic singer and composer, jûpil at the more Skeats, later of
Naples Conservatorio of Francesco Lanza on Stejihen Elvey and -
the pianoforte, Nozzari in singing, and of Thomas Evance

Zingarelli and Raimondi in composition. Jones. He was ap-
In 1828 he became first tenor at the Teatro pointed assistant organist of the cathedral
Fenice in Naples, and, after .singing in other in 183G, and in 1873 succeeded Jones as
Italian cities, went back to Naples, to sing organist and master of the choristers. In
in the theatres managed by the impresario 1875 he received the doctor's degree.
Barbaja, but soon left the stage and settled Works : David and Absalom, oratorio
in Naples to teach singing. He founded a (MS.) ; The Village Fair, an Alpine Idyl,
singing society, conducted for a few j-ears cantata for female voices ; Anthems ; Ser-
the theatre at Lecce, and then returned vices ; Secular vocal music. — Grove.
definitely to Naples, resuming his former LONGO, GIACOMO, born at Faro, near
occupation. Works — Ojaeras : II capitauo Messina, Feb. 15, 1833, still living, 1889.
ed il tutore, Malta II primo navigatorc,
; Dramatic composer, pupil at Messina of ib.,
1829 Elfrida, Lecce, 1853. 23 masses,

; alia Paolo Abbagnato and of Mario Aspa, whose
Palestrina, or with orchestra Church mu- favourite scholar ho became. In ISGO he
;
sic Pianoforte pieces

; ; —
Songs. Fetis, Sup- joined Garibaldi's troops as a volunteer,
plement, ii. 122; Mendel, Ergiinz., 24(5. and took part in the bloody encounter
LOMBARDINI, (GIUSEPPE LOM- at Milazzo. Having afterwards travelled
BARDO), called, born at Palermo in 1820, through Italy, he settled at Messina, where
LOPEZ
he founded the first school for choral sing- death (1847). The parts completed are I. :
ing, and in 1871 became maestro di cappella Finale to Act I., where the heroine, stand-
of the Teatro Vittorio Emauuele. Works : ing on the Loreley clift' (Lurleifels), invokes
Ezzeliuo in., ojjera, given at Messina, 1859 ;

the Spirits of the Rhine, first given in
Cantatas, and overtui-es for various muni- Leipsic and at the Birmingham Festival
cipal festive occasions. —
Fetis, Supplement, (England), in an English adaptation by Bar-
ii. 123. tholomew, Sept. 8, 1852. It is frequently
LOPEZ (Loho), DUARTE (Latin, Edu- given as concert iiuisic in Germany. Pub-
ardus Lupus), born, probably at Evora, Por- lished as op. 98, No. 27, of Mendelssohn's
tugal, in the latter half of the ICth century, posthumous works. H. Ave jSIaria, Scene 3,
died in Lisbon at the age of 103 years. for soprano solo and female chorus, given in
in 1860, jniblished by Breitkojjf k
Church composer and didactic writer, puj)il London
of Mauoel Meudes, mestre de capella at Hiirtel ( Leijisic, 1868) HI. Wiuzerchor
;
the Hospital Real, and, about IGOO, at the (Vintagers' Chorus), Scene 4 (ib., 1871).
Cathedral of Lisbon about half a century These three numbers were edited by Julius
;
latci', he was rector of the Semi- Rietz, and published by Breitkopf & Hiir-
a2:)pointetl
nario Patriarcal. He formed many prom- tel, Mendelssohn Werke, Serie 15, No. 123.
inent artists and composer.s. Works Offi- Athen.-eum (1852), 611, 976.
: —
cium defuuctorum (choraliter) (1G03) 3 LORELEI, romantic opera in four acts,
;
books of Magnificats for 4 voices (1G05, text by Emanuel Geibel, music by ]\Iax
1611) Liber processionum et stationum Bruch, op. 16, first represented at Mann-
;
ecclesiaj Olyssiponensis (1607) Book of heim, June 14, 1863 entirely remodelled
; ;
masses for 4-8, and one for 4-6 voices and given at Leijisic, Sept. 9, 1887. The
(1621, 1639) ; Masses for 8 and more voices text, which is the same as that of the i^re-
(MS.) Psalms, antiphons, motets, and other ceding, was given to Bruch after Mendels-
;
church music. He published also Opuscula sohn's death. Published by F. E. C. Leuc-

musica (Antwerp, 1602). — Futis ; Gerber ;
kart (Breslau, 1864). — Allgem. mus. Zeitg.
Mendel Riemann; ; Schilling ; Vaseoncellos. (1864), 657, 673, 695 ; Siguale (1887), 785 ;
LORD, BOW THINE EAR. See Ilai; Neue Zeitg. fiir Mus. (1887), 425.
hiire unser Gebet. LORELEY, DIE, German opera in four
LORD GOD OF ABRAHAM. See Hen- by Otto Roquette, music by Emil
acts, text
Gott Abrahams. Naumann, first represented at the Konig-
LORD OF THE MANOR, opera, text by liches Oijernhaus, Berlin, Aj^ril 9, 1889.
General John Burgoyne, music by William Fran Sucher ajipeared in the title-role, and
Jackson (of Exeter), first represented at Herr Rothmuhl as Graf Reginald. The
Drury Lane, Dec. 27, 1780, with great suc- last act and jiart of the third, which were
cess, and kept possession of the stage for left unfinished by Naumann, were scored
more than fifty years. Mrs. Crouch made by Albert Dietrich, of Oldenburg. Siguale —
her debut in this oiêra.— Hogarth, ii. 437. (1889), 471.
LORELEI, and LORELY, Finnish opera, music by Fiied-
cantata, for soli, chorus,
orchestra, text by Wolfgang Miiller von rich Pacius, represented at the Alexandra
Konigswiuter, music by Ferdinand Hiller, Theatre, Helsingfor.?, April, 1887. Same
op. 75. Published by Kistner (Leipsic, be- title, opera, text and music by Otto Fiebach,
—
tween 1852-59). Hanslick, Coucertweseu first rejn-esented in Dantzic, April 1, 1886.
in Wien, ii. 234. Same title, Danish opera in three acts, text
LORELEI, romantic opera in four acts, and music by Bartholdy, first represented
text by Emanuel Geibel, music left unfin- in Copenhagen, Oct. 26, 1887.— Signale
ished by Mendelssohn at the time of his (1887), 1095.
LOREXZ
LOEENZ, (KARL) ADOLF, born
COs- (Rome, 1690) Psalms for 4 choruses (MH.).
at ;
lin, Pomerauia, Aug. 13, 1837, still living, Fetis Mendel Schilling. — ; ;
1889. Instrumental composer and writer LORENZINI, R-UMOXDO, born in

on music, pupil of Musikdirektor Triest in Rome, first half of the 18th century, died
Stettin on tlie pianoforte, in harmony, and there. May, 1806. Organist and diurch
counterpoint, and while at the university in composer appointed, in 1751, organist
at ;
Berlin of Dehn in counterpoint, of Fried- the church of S. M. Maggiore, Rome, aiid

rich Kiel on the pianoforte and in composi- in 178G maestro di cappella. Works
tion, and of Kapellmeister Giihrich
in in- Requiem for 4 and 8 voices 4 motets for ;
strumentation. After attaining the doctor's 3-4 voices O quam suavis, motet for 4 ;
degree he remained in Berlin till 18G4, voices Tantum ergo, for soprano and alto ;
;
teaching was then called to Strasburg, to Salve Regina, for soprano, alto, chorus, and
;
conduct the music society, and in 18GG be- orchestra 11 sonatas for pianoforte 6 di-
; ;
came director of the town music at Stettin, vertissements for pianoforte and 2 violins ;
where he is also organist at the St. Jacobi- G notturnos for 2 clarinets, 2 homs, bassoon,
kirche, music instructor at the Gymnasium,and sei-pent.— Fetis; Mendel; Schilling.
and critic for the opera. Work.s Operas LORENZITI, ANTONIO, born at ^The— :
Die Irruugeu Die Nanienlose Ingo.

; Otto Hague in 1740, died at Nancy, Lorraine,
;
der Grosse, oratorio Stabat Mater SIo- probably after 1783.

; Instrumental com- ;
tets ; Symphony ; Festival overture ; Octet poser, pupil of his father, a musician in the
for strings ; Trios for pianoforte and strings ;
service of the Prince of Orange at The
Fugue-concerto for 2 pianofortes Sonatas Hague later pupil of Locatelli on the vio-
; ;
and other pianoforte music Festival songs lin. He was appointed maitre de chapello
; ;
Part-songs, and songs. —

Mendel Riemann. at the Cathedral of Nancy in 17G7. Works
; :
LORENZ, FRIEDRICH AUGUST, born 6 symphonies Trios for violin, alto, and ;
at Chemnitz, Saxony, February, 1796, died(?) bass 6 trios for 2 violins and bass 6 ; ;
Virtuoso on the bassoon, chamber musician duos for violin and viola About 40 quartets ;
of the royal orchestra in Dresden. Works for 2 violins, viola, and bass 6 duos concer- ; ;
Variations for violin Adagio et rondo, for tants for violins. Fetis ; Gerber Mendel
; — ;
;
2 violins Thi'mes varies for ezakan Schilling.

;
Marche variee for guitar and ezakan ; 6 so- LORENZITI, BERNARDO, born at
natas for harp and violin ; Collection of Kirchheira, Wiirtemberg, about 1764, dieil
Iîeces for harp ; Sonata for harp ; Theme
Violinist, brother and pupil of after 1813.
varie, for do. ; — Ft'tis ; Mendel
Antonio Lorenziti. After completing his
Songs. ;
Schilling. studies at Nancy he joined the Opera or-

LORENZ.^NI, PAOLO, born in Rome in chestra in Paris as second violinist in 1787,
1G40, died there, Oct. 29, 1713. Church and was pensioned in 1813. Works 3 :
composer, pupil of Orazio Benevoli, tirst concertos for violin and orchestra Concerto ;
maestro di cajipella at the Jesuits' Church in for viola and orchestra 3 trios for violin, ;
Rome, then at the Cathedral of Messina. viola, and bass 12 variations for 2 violins ;
He went to Paris, where his motets, jjer- and bass 11 works of duos for violins 10 ; ;
formed by Italian singers, found great fa- works of etudes, capiices, and airs varies
vour with Louis XrV., returned to Italy for violin Duos and airs varies for violin ;
about 1679, lived a few years in Naples, and and flute Method for violin. Fetis Ger- ; — ;
then in Rome, succeeding Beretta as papal ber Mendel Schilling. ; ;
maestro di caiDpella at St. Peter's in 1690. LORET, CLT^:MENT, born at Termoude,

Works : Collection of motets for 4 voices Belgium, in 1833, still living, 18S9. Or-
(Paris, 1G79) Magnificats for 2 choruses ganist, pupil of bis father, and of Deuefve
;
LOIIETZ
at Mons in 184G stiulieJ eouuterpnint uu- joineil the Court Theatre comiiauy of Det-
;
der Fetis ami organ under Lemmeus at the mold in 1826 as actor, and was tenor at i
Brussels Conservatoire in 1851-53. In the Leipsic Stadt-

1855 he went to Paris, and became organ- tlieater in 1833-44,
ist successively at the Pantheon, Suresnes, the most successful

and at Notre Dame des Victoires in 1857 ; period of his life.
he was appointed professor in Niedei-mey- He became Kapell-

er's school of sacred music, and about the meister of the Leip-
same time organist at Saint-Louis d'Antin. sic theatre in 1844,
Works : Exercices d'orgue (1859) ; 24 but gave up the
etudes for organ ; 50 pieces d'orgue pour place the following
messes et vepres L'offiee diviu Methode
; ; year, and then
complete pour orgue Le Calvaire, ora- ; earned a precarious
torio Mass, with orchestra, or organ
; living by appearing
;
Symphony Pianoforte concerto Motets

; ;in difterent places
;
—
Organ and pianoforte music. Fetis, Sup- as an actor or as conductor of his own
plement, ii. 125 Mendel, Ergiinz., 248.
; oijeras. He was made Kapellmeister of the
LORETZ, JOHN M., born at Miihlhausen, new Friedrich-Wilhelmstadtisches Theater
Alsace, in 1840, still living, 1889. Pianist, in 1850, where he had to conduct farces
organist, and dramatic composer taken and the most trivial music. To atone for
;
while a child to the United States, but re- the shameful neglect and poverty he en-
turned in 1857 and studied at the Paris dured, a splendid funeral was given him,
Conservatoire under Laurent, Marmontel, and a subscription was raised for his fam-
Keber, and others. Returning to the United ily. He was one of the best writers of
States, he made his debut as a pianist, in comic opera, and his abundant humour and
18G0, at the Brooklyn Philharmonic Society. natural flow of melody will long make his '
He has been organist of several churches in works popular, though tliej' sometimes show
Brooklyn, conductor at the Park Tlieatre, the want of better training. Works— Operas
New York, and bandmaster in the United and operettas J/iPascha von Janina, given ;
States Navy. Works Tlie Pearl of Bagdad, in Cologne, 1824 Der Pole und sein Kind,
: ;
opera, given in the Brooklyn Lyceum, 1872 Scene aus Mozart's Lebeu, 1832 Die beideu ; ;
Ivanhoe, do. (MS.); Symphonic overtures; Schiitzen, Leipsic, 1837 Czar und Zimmer- ;
IMasses Episcopal Church services Sona- mann, ib., 1837

; Die Scliatzkammer des
; ;
tas, and other music for pianoforte. —

Fetis, Inka (1838, never performed) Caramo, oder ;
Supplement, ii. 12G. das Fischerstechen, ib., 1839 Ifam Sachs, ;
LORTZING, (GUSTAV) ALBERT, born ib., 1840 Casanova, ib., 1841 Der Wild- ; ;
in Berlin, Oct. 23, 1803, died there, Jan. schiUz, oder die Stimme der Natur, ib.,
21, 1851. Dramatic com-
poser, pupil of Rungen- /Q ^.
hagen, but as his parents
P/i^^
/yfyf/fi ^C/*^'^-
were actors and travelled Cy^^^
much, he had to ajjpear on
the stage and to rely chiefly
upon himself in developing
into a good pianoforte, vio-
lin, and violoncello player.
In 1823 he married an actress and next 1843; Undine, Hamburg, 1845; Der Waf- 1
year wrote his first opera in Cologne. Kel fenschmied zu Worms, Vienna, 184G; Zum
LosonuoiiN
Grossadmiral, Leipsic, 1847 ; Ilcgiua (184S,
sposa di Berengario (A.) Idell)erto, figlio ;
never performed) Kolaud's Knappen, Leip- di Berengario, ed amante di Adelaide (A)

;
;
sic, 1849 ; Die Opernprobe, 1850 Eine Ber- and Clodomiro, capitano di Berengario (B.).
;
liner Giisette, farceDer Weihnachtsabeud, The MS. in Buckingham Palace is dated, at

;
vaudeville Music to Benedis's drama, Drei the end, Nov. IG, 1729. The tenor, sung
;
Edelsteiue Die Himmelfahrt Christi, ora- first by Fabri, is the chief solo part, wliich
;
torio Festival and other overtures

; Many was then an innovation, the hero of oiwra ;
songs, unpublished. — Diiringer, A. Lortziug, having previously been assigned to a so-

sein Leben und Wirken (Leipsic, 1851) prano. It was given ten times during
Allgem.d. BiogT., xix. 203 Neumann, Die ; Handel's life. Given in Hambing under
Componisten der neueren Zeit, vi. (Cassel, the title of Judith, with recitatives by Tele-
1854) Fetis ;Eiehl, Mus. CliarakterkOpfe,
; mann, Nov. 27, 1732. Published by Cluer
i. 275. (London, 1729) Breitkopf & Hiirtel (Leip-
;
LOSCHHORN, ALBERT, born in Ber- sic, 1879). —

Chrvsander, ii. 23.5.
lin, June 27, 1819, still living, 1889. Pian- LOTT, EDÂ7N MATTHEW, bom at
ist, pupil of Ludwig Berger in 1837-39; St. Helier's, Jersey, Jan. 31, 1830, still living,
later, at Mu- 1889. Organist and vocal composer, pupil

the Royal Institute for Church
Bach, and of Killitschgy, of W. T. Best, in 1851-52. He was organ-
sic of Grell, A. "\V.
whom in 1851 ho succeeded there as in- ist of St. Matthew's, Jersey, in 1840, of St.
structor of pianoforte in 1858 he was ap- Saviour's, St. Luke's, and St. Mark's in 1848-
;
pointed professor. With Adolpli and Julius GO, of St. Clement Danes, Strain], London,
iStahlkuecht he established in 1847 a series Bayswater, in 1803, in 1800, of St. Peter's,
of trio-soirees, and in 1853 the three made .and of Christ Church, Kensington, in 1SG4.
a concert tour in Russia with gi'eat success. In 18G5 he founded a college of organists,
Works : Etudes Quar- and became professor of music in Victoria
; Sonatas ; Suites ;
tets for pianoforte and

Concert College, Jer.sey, in 1807 was bandmaster of
strings ;
pieces Nocturnes Waltzes, and other com- three regiments in Jersej' and organist of
; ;
positions, in all about 140 numbers. !Men- St. Simon's, Jersey, and in 1869 o'f St. Hel- —
del Fetis
; do.. Supplement, ii. 120
; Rie- ier's parish church. Returning to London, ;
mann, 534. was organist again at St. Peter's, Bayswater

LOSEL, JAN JIRI, Bohemian composer in 1870-79, of St. Ethelburga, Bishopsgate,
of the first half of the 18th century. He in 1880, professor of composition and coun-
lived in Prague, about 1724—45, as Kapell- terpoint at Trinity College in 1879-80, and
meister to the Prince of Lijwensteiu. organist of St. Sepulchre's, London, in 1883.
—
Works Oratorios Die obsiegende Liebe In 1885 he was made Mus. Doc. by Toronto
:
tiber die Gerechtigkeit, etc., given at Prague, Universitj' and in 1880 examiner for the
in the Chui-ch of St. Cajetan, 1724 Das same. Works Thus saith the Lord, the ;
:
bittere Leiden Jesu, ib., 172G Das be- heaven is my throne, cantata Services Te; : ;
weinte Grab des Heilands, 1745. Fetis Deum Anthems, and other church music — ; ; ;
Mendel. Orchestral selections ; String quartet ; Part-

LOTARIO, Italian opera in three acts, song, for 5 voices ; Organ music, and over
test founded on a libretto by ]\Iatteo Noris, 300 pianoforte pieces Songs. He pub- ;
music by Handel, tirst represented at the lished A Pianoforte Catechism (Lomlon,

King's Theatre, London, Dec. 2, 1729. Char- 1879) Harmony (ib.) Dictionary of Mu- ; ;
acters represented Adelaide, Regina d' I- sical Terms (ib.).

:
talia (S.) Lotario, Re di Germania, ed

; LOTTA D' ALCIDE CON ACHELOS, LA
araante di .\delaide (C.) Berengario, gii'i (The Combat of Hercules with Achelous). di-
;
Duca di Spoleto, Re d' Italia (T.) Matildc, vertimento drammatico iu ouc act, text prob- ;
LOTTCIIEN
ably by Miiuro, music by Steffani, supposed Dresden was gi'eat, but although lie got an
to liave beeu first represented at the Sum- extension of his leave of absence from the
mer Theatre, Herrenhauseii, in 1689. Han- Procuratori of S. Marco, he was obliged to
del drew Lis Angels ever bright and fair return to Venice in 1719 or resign his post.
from this work. After his return he composed entirely for
LOTTCHEN AM HOFE (Charlotte at the churchand chamber. He died of a
Court), Singspiel in three acts, text by Chr. long and painful dropsy, and was buried in
Fr. Weisse, music by Johann Adam Hiller, the Church of San Geminiano, where his
first performed in Leipsic in 17G9. This widow erected a monument to him. She
was an imitation of Bertoldo alia corte, an followed him in 1759, and was buried by
Italian comic opera by Ciampi. Arrange- his side. The monument was destroyed
ment for the pianoforte published by Breit- with the church in 1815. Lotti stood upon
kopf & Hiirtel (Leipsic, 1844). the dividing line between the old, severe
LOTTI, ANTONIO, born, probably at school of counterpoint, and the more modern
Venice, about 1GG5 or 1GG7, died there, Jan. school of Alessandro Scarlatti and Handel.
5, 1740. Son of Matteo Lotti, Kapellmeis- His music is noted especially for purity of
ter at the Court of Hanover, and pupil of style, gi-ace, pathos, and expressive beauty.
Giovanni Legrenzi entered the Doge's He was so fearful of overloading the voices
;
chapel while a boy, and in 1G87 joined the that he used only the organ as an accom-
Confrateruita Musicale di Santa Cecilia, paniment to his sacred music, and in his
and was appointed in 1G89 contraltist, with opei-as it is only in those scores written for
a salary of one hundred ducats. In 1G90 Dresden that wind instruments are used in
he became deputy organist with a salary of the orchestra. Among his more famous
one hundred and thirty ducats, in 1G92 pupils were Saratelli, Marcello, Alberti,
succeeded Pollarolo as second organist, and Bassani, Gasparini, and Galupjî. One of
in 1704 succeeded SjDada as first organist, his songs, "Pur dicesti," is still popular.
which post he held forty years, obtaining The plagiarism of his madrigal, " In una
permission in 1732 to emj^loy as substitute siepe ombrosa," by Bononcini in 1731
his pupil Saratelli, afterwards his successor. caused the defeat of that composer in his
In 1733 the post of maestro di cappella be- famous rivalry with Handel. For the
coming vacant by Biffi's death, Lotti was anonymous criticism of his madrigals in
elected in 173G to succeed him after two the notorious " Lettera famigliare d' uu ac-
competitive examinations, in which his un- cademico filarmonico," see llarcello.
successful rivals were Pollarolo, Porpora, Works I. Operas— Giustino, Venice,
:
and Giovanni Porta. His salary was four 1693 II trioufo dell' innocenza, ib., 1693
; ;
hundred ducats. Meanwhile he comiwsed First act of Tirsi (2d and 3d acts by Ai-ios-
his famous Miserere, which superseded ti), ib., 1696; Achille placato, ib., 1707;
that by Legrenzi, and has been sung at S. Teuzzone, ib., Teatro di Sau Cassiano, 1707,
Marco on Maundy Thursday ever since. Bologna, 1711, and Mantua, 1719 Ama ;
He wrote also much church music with or- piti chi men si crede, Venice, 1709 II ;
gan accompaniment, and, between 1G93 and commando non inteso ed ubidito, ib., 1709 ;
1717, seventeen operas. In 1717 he visited Sidonio, ib., Teatro di Sau Cassiano, 1709
Dresden on invitation of the Crown Prince Isaccio tiranno, ib., 1710 La forza del;
of Saxony, with acompany of singers sangue, ib., 1711 II tradimento traditor

;
(Boschi, Personelli, and his own wife, born di se stesso, ib., Teatro di San Giovanni
—
Santa Stella, among them the joint salary Crisostomo, 1711 L' infedeltii punita, ib.,
;
of husband and wife being about eight thou- 1712 ; Porsenna, ib., Teatro di San Giovanni
sand dollars). The success of his operas in Crisostomo, 1712, Naples, Teatro San Bar-
LOTTLX
tolomeo (witli additions by Scarlatti), 1713 later, in Paris, of Grasset. In ;
178(;-89,
Ireue Augusta, Venice, 1713 II Polidoro, he settled in his native town as first
; 180")
ib., Teatro SS. Giovanni e Paolo, 1714 violinist in the theatre orchestra, and to
Foca iSuiêrbo, ib., 1715 Costantino (over- conduct the amateur concerts. Works
;
ture by Fux), Vienna, 171G Alessaudro Vive Henry IV., symphony 2 concertos ;
;
Severe, Venice, 1717 II vincitor generoso, for violin G works of duos for violins 3
;
;
;
ib., 1718 ; Giove in Argo, Dresden, 1717- sonatas and several airs varies for violin ;
18 ; Ascanio, ovvero gli odi delusi del Method for violin. — Fetis ; MendeL
sangue, ib., 1718 Teofane ; (with Palla- LOTTO, ISIDOR, born in Warsaw, Dec.
vicino), ib., 1718-19. 22, 1840, stiU Hving, 1889. Violin virtu-
II. music: Messa de' defouti, a oso, pupil at the Conservatoire, Paris, of
Cluircli
cappella, in F Messa del quinto tono, a 4 Massart on the violin, and of Reber in com-
;
voci, a cappella Messa a 2 voci con organo, position. From early youth conspicuous
;
in D minor (Berlin, Bote & Bock) Messa by his talent, be became soon one of the ;
breve a 3 voci, in C ; Benedictu.s Dominus first violinists of the present time, made
Deus and Miserere, a 4 voci, a cap- extensive concert toui-g, became in 18G2
Israel,
pella, in D minor do., and do., a cajipella, chamber musician and solo violin to the
;
in G minor, 1733 Laudato pueri, a 3 voci Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar, and in 1872
;
con 2 violini, viola e basso (Berlin, Bote & was appointed instructor at the Conserva-
Bock) Salve Regina, a 4 voci, a cappella torium, Strasburg. He has published some
;
;
Vere languores nostros, a 3 voci, a cappella brilliant compositions for his instrument in
(Berlin, Bote & Bock) Other sacred works the salon style. Mendel Riemann.
; — ;
in the Sautini Collection, in Hullah's Part- LOUCHET, GUSTA\TE, born at Bou-

Music, in Proske's Mus. Div., in Kochlitz, logue-sur-Mer, Oct. 4, 1840, still living,
and in Trautwein's Auswahl
Pianist, first instructed by his fa-
vorziigl. Mu- 1889.
sikwerkc. an excellent amateur, then for three ther,
m. other works II voto erudele, ora- years pupil at the Maitrise of Rouen under
:
torio, Vienna, 1712 L' umilta coronata, do., Vervoitte, and at the Conservatoire, Paris,
;
ib., 1714 Gioa, ru di Giuda, do., Venice

; of Marmontel on the i)ianoforte, and of ;
Giuditta, do., ib. Spirito di Dio, madrigal Muratet in harmony, counterpoint, and
;
for the ceremony of the Doge's espousal of fugue. After living at Rouen several years,
the Adriatic, sung on board the Bucentoro, he settled iu 1876 in Paris. Works Psalm :
ib., 173G Sommo duce in trono assiso, CXLV., for solo and chorus, with organ
;
quartetto pastorale, con violini, viola e or orchestra, op. 1 Hymue de Noel, ;
basso Duetti, terzetti e madrigali cousa- chorus for four voices, op. 6 Ave Maria,
; ;
crati aha C. E. Maestu di Giuseppe I. im- do. for male voices, op. 7 L'AbeiUe, do., ;
peratore da Antonio Lotti Veneto, orgauista op. 12 ; Hymuo a la mer, do., op. 16 O ;
sacrum convivium, do. for mixed voices,

with organ, op. 10 Tautum ergo, do., or
r/f/ll^ 96/ '.-^^
with orchestra, op. 15 O salutaris, for bar-
;
itone, with violin and organ, op. 5 Piano- ;
della cappella di S. Marco (Venice, Antonio forte music. Futis, Supph'^ment, ii. 127. —
Bertali, 1705) 12 duetti da camera, Santiiii
; LOrET (not Loucttc, Louvc, or Louvct),
Collection —
Grove Fetis Mendel Schil- ALEX.\NDRE, born iu Marseilles, France,
; ; ;
ling. in 1753, died iu Paris in 1817. Dramatic

LOTTIN, DENIS, Orleans, and instrumental composer cultivated mu-
bom in ;
France, Nov. 19, 1773, died there in 1826. sic as an amateur till the loss of his for-
Violinist, pupil of Fridzeri at Rennes in tune iu the Revolution caused him to go to
L()l:is
Paris to utilizR his talent. He was uusiic-l 1829. In 1841 he became royal chamber
ccssful, and tiiially obliged to earn Lis liv- musician, and in 1851 organist of the
—
ing by piauoforte-tuniiig. Works Operas royal chapel. Works Opei-as Sara, given — :
La double clef, on Coloiubine coiumissaire, at Copenhagen, 1839 Kullamanens Grotte, ;
"iven in Paris, Comedie Italieune, 1780 ib., 1841 Ildproven, ib., 1818 Turandot,
; ; ;
Amelia, Theatre Fejdeau, 1797 4 sonatas ib., 1851 Sylphen, ballet, ib., 1836 Music
; ; ;
for pianoforte and violin Sonatas and to the drama Kong Woluiar og Havfruen 2
; ;
;
—
other pieces for pianoforte Songs. Fetis concert overtures Quintet Trio Pianoforte ;
; ;
Mendel. music, and songs. Mendel, Ergiiiiz., 245. —

LOUIS FERDIN.\ND (Ludwig Friedrich LOW, JOSEF, born in Prague, Jan. 23,
Christian, called), Prince of Prussia, born at 1834, died there, Oct. 5, 188G. Pianist,
Friedrichsfelde, near Berlin, Nov. 18, 1772, made a successful concert tour through
died on the battlefield near Saalfeld, Oct. G, Moravia, Silesia, Galicia, and the Bukowina
180G. Pianist and instrumental composer, in 1854, and settled in Prague in 1856, to
first instructed by French tutors, afterwards teach the pianoforte. He has published
(1800) pupil of Dussek, who became his inti- more than 300 works for his instruments,
mate friend ; Beethoven, on his visit to Ber- among which are many valuable pieces of
lin in 1796, highly commended the Prince's instructive character.
talent, and dedicated to him several of his LOWE, JOHANN JACOB, born at Eise-
compositions. Works : Quintet for piano- nach in 1G20, died at Liineburg in Septem-
forte and strings, op. 1 ; 2 quartets for do., ber, 1703. Virtuoso on the violin studied ;
op. 5 and 6 2 trios for

; 2 and 10 do., op. in Vienna, and became Kaijellmeister to
Larghetto, with variations, for do., op. 11 ;
the Duke of Brunswick in 1655, and to the
Andante for do., op. 4 ; Octet for pianoforte, Duke of Zeitz in 1663. Afterwards he was
clarinet, 2 horns, 2 violins, and 2 violon- again in Vienna, and in 16S2 was appointed
cellos, op. 12 ;Notturno for pianoforte, organist at Liineburg. Works Anielinde, :
flute, and string-trio Andante for piano- oder die triumphirende Seele, geistliches
;
forte quartet ; Hondo for pianoforte, with Singspiel, given at Wolfenbiittel, 1657 Or- ;
orchestra, op. 13 ; Fugues, variations, etc., pheus aus Thracien, der Calliope und des
for pianoforte. — Allgem. d. Biogr., xix. 582 ;
Apollonis Sohn, ib., 1659 Iphigenia, ein ;
Fetis ; Mendel ; Schilling. kOnigliches Friiulein, ib., 1661 Sympho- ;
LOUIS XnL, King of France (1610-43), nies, intradas, gagliardas, sarabands, etc.,
born Foutaiuebleau, Sept. 27, 1601, died for 3-5 instruments (Bremen, 1657)
at 12 ;
at Saint-Germain, May 14, 1643. He stud- neue geistliche Concerte, for 1-3 voices,
ied music and cultivated it with success with 2 violins and organ (Wolfenbiittel,
one of his compositions, Tu crois, 6 beau 1660) Canons for 1-8 jjarts, vocal and in-
;
soleil, a song for four voices, is given in strumental. —

Fetis Mendel Schilling.
; ;
lurcher's Musurgie (I. S. 690). The Ga- LOWE, KARL. See Loeiue.
votte de Louis XIH, since 1870 a favourite LOWENSTERN, MATTHAUS APEL-
with French and German orchestras, is not LES VON (real name Lowe), born at Neu-
his work, but a sepai'ate part of the cele- stadt. Upper Silesia, April 20, 1594, died at
brated Circe, ou le ballet de la reiue. Fe- —
Nether Silesia, April 3, 1648. Vocal Oels,
tis ; Mendel. composer, music director to the Duke of
LOVENSKJOLD, HERRMANN SEVE- Bruuswick-Oels, in whose service he filled
RIN, Baron VON, born in Norway, July 30, also several administrative offices, and whith-
1815, died at Copenhagen, Dec. 5, 1870. er he returned, after having been employed
Dramatic composer, studied at Copenhagen, at the court of Emperor Ferdinand H.,
whither he went with his father, a Dane, in in 1631. Works: Symbola oder Gedeuk-
LUBECK
"spriiche, a collection of 30 siicrcd songs, for and was engaged, until his death, as Kapell-
1-1) voices. — Futis ; Mendel ; Schilling. meister, by the Elector of Cologne. His
LUBECK, ERNST HEINIHCH, born at operas were given iu Venice and Bouu.
The Hague, Aug. 24, 1829, died in Paris, Works— Operas L' isola della fortuua, :
Sept. 17, 187G. Pianist, son and pui)il of 17G5; II marito geloso, 17GG
Le doune ;
Johann Heiurich Liibeck. He visited the sempre donno matrimonio per astuzia,; II
United States, Mexico, and Peru in 184'J- 1771 n natal di Giove
; L' ingauuo sco- ;
52 on his return was made court pianist

; perto Ademira, 1775. Intermezzos and
;
at The Hague and in 1854 settled in Paris,

; cantatas ; Latin oratorio ; Masses, vespers,
where he taught and played in chandler con- and motets 3 symphonies Sonatas for
; ;
certs with Arniingaud, Lalo, and Jiicquard. pianoforte and violin Trio and quartets ;
—
;
In his last years he became insane. Berlioz Pianoforte concertos. lYtis Mendel ; ;
says he had prodigious execution and au ex- Schilling.

cellent style. Works : Coftcerto for piano- LUCCHESI, FREDLVNO MATTEO, born
forte with orchestra ; Polonaise, Tarentelle, atLucca about 1710, died there, Aug. IK,
Berceuse, Trilby the Sprite, many etudes, 1779. Church comiJoser, pupil of Leonardo
etc., for pianoforte. — Futis, Sujjjilement, ii. Leo became maestro di cappella of the col-
;
129 ; Mendel Riemann.

; legiate church of S. Micbcle in Foio.
LUBESI. See ,S'a/»^Lubin. Works: Several masses for 2-5 voices a
LUCANTONI, GIOVANNI, bornatMace- cappella ; Mass, with two orchestras ; Re-
rata, Italy, iu 1825, still living, 1889. Pu- spouses for 4 voices, for Holy Week 13
;
pil of Giovanni Pacini in Lucca and Viareg- services, for do., with full orchestra ; JLuiy
gio, and of Vaccaj at the Milan Conserva- motets. Fetis, Supplement, ii. 132. —
torio ; settled in Paris in 1857. Works : LUCCHESI, GIULIO MAHIA, born at
Don Chisciotte, ballet, Milan, 1845 ; Elisa, Pisa, middle of the 18th century,
Italy,
opera, ib., 1850 Cantata, ib. ; ; A mass ;
died (?). Virtuoso on the violin, pupil of
Overture for orchestra Romances ; ; Duets ;
Moriano and Nardiui, and in counterpoint
i\IeIodies for the voice. of Cecchi — Fetis, Supjjlement,
lived for a long time in Vienna, ;
ii. Mendel, Ergilnz., 249.

130 ; then entered the service of the Archbishop
LUCAS, CHARLES, born in Salisbury, of Salzburg, and in 1799 returned to Italj-.
England, July 28, 1808, died in London, Works Symphonies for orchestra 3 duos : ;
March 30, 18G9. and organist, for violins, op. 1 do., op. 2 G sonatas for
Violoncellist ; ;
pujjil at the Royal Academy of Music of pianoforte and violin, op. 3 Vocal music. ;
Lindley and Crotch in 1823-30 became vio- Fotis. ; —

loncellist in the jsrivate band of Queen LUCE-VARLET, CHjVPLES, born at
Adelaide, afterwards in the orchestra of the Douai, France, Dec. 1, 1781, died there in
Italian and in 1832 conductor at
opera, 1856. Violinist and dramatic composer at ;
the Royal Academy. Organist of Hanover first studied in his native city, then was a
Chapel, Regent Street, 1839. Principal of pupil at the Paris Conservatoire of Baillot
the Royal Academy of Music in 1859-GG. on the violin, of Catel iu harmony, and of
Works The Regicide, opera 3 symphonies
: Gossec iu counterpoint returned to Douai
; ;
;
String quartets Anthems Songs. Grove. ; in 1805, and established orchestral concerts,
; —
LUCCHESI, ANDREA, born at Motta, which he conducted, and quartet soirees, in
Venetian Friuli, May 27, 1741, died early which he played first violin. L. of Honour,
in the 19th century. Dramatic composer, 1845. Works— Operas Caroline de Tytz- :
pupil of Paoluzzi, Seratelli, and Cocchi. He denz, given at Douai, 1820 L;i prevention, ;
appeai'ed in Bonn as musical director of a ib., 1822, Valenciennes and Cambrai, 1825;
travelling Italian opera comjjany in 1771, La niort de Paul I. (with Victor Lefevro and
J.UOIA
Les ruines dii Mont- of technique her farewell duet with Ed-
Bovt'ry), Douili, 183Jt ; ;
Cassiu, ib., 183G de Presboiirg, gardo her duet with Enrico, "Sofli-iva nel
; Lc-K-ve ;
Paris, Opera Comique, 1840. Entr'actes for pianto " the sextet in the second act,
dramas, given at Douai; Many cantatas, " Chi mi frena," and Edgardo's grand scena
hymns, and cboruses, wîth orcliestra " Tombe degl' avi miei," with the cantilena,
Overture for orcliestra 2 coucei-tos for " Tu che a Dio sjjiegasti 1' ali."
;
Lucia has
violin and orcliestra Quintet for strings been a favourite rule with many great sing-
; ;
4 works of quartets for do. 3 trios for do. ers, iucluding Mmes Castellan, Caroline Du-
; ;
2 do. for pianoforte and strings Airs prez, Frezzolini, Lagrange, Adelina Patti,
;
varies, for violin, etc. Futis. — Nilsson, Albaui, Gerster, and de Murska.
LUCIA DI LAM]MEEMOOR, Italian It was given de la Renais-
at the Theatre
oiiora ill tbrcc acts, text by Camm:irauo, sance, 1839 and at the
Paris, Aug. 10, ;
Opera, Feb. 20, 18iG, with Mile Nau and

M. Duprez in the principal jjarts first ;
time in London at Her Majesty'.s, April

5, 1838, and at the Princess's Theatre, Jan.
19, 1843 first in New York, in Eughsh,
;
Nov. 17, 1845, in Italian, Nov. 14, 1849.

Full score published by Ricordi (Milan)
and by Diabelli (Vienna). Le nozze di Lam-
mermoor, Italian ojjera, text by Balocchi,
music by Carafa di Colobrano, Paris, Dec.
12, 1829 La fidauzata di Lammermoor, by
;
Luigi Ricci, Trieste, November, 1831, and

by Alberto Mazzucato, Padua, 1834. Bru-
den fra Lammermoor, Danish opera, text by
Anderson, music by J. Bredal, Copenhagen,
1832. —
Clement et Larousse, 411 AUgem. ;
mus. Zeitung (38), 173 Lajarte, ii. 180 ; ;
AthentGum (1838), 259 Upton, Standard ;
Operas, 80.
LUCIFER, Flemish oratorio, text by E.
Hiel, music by Peter Benoit, first perform-
music by Donizetti, first represented in ed in Brussels, Sejjt. 20, 18GG. Given in
Naples, Sept. 2G, 1835. Donizetti, who Paris, at the Trocadero, 1883.
wrote the text of the last act himself, de- LUCILLA, DOMENICO, born at Rio-
signed the parts of Lucia and Edgardo for freddo, Feb. 17, 1820, died in Rome, Janu-
Persiani and Dujjrez, who appeared in the ary, 1885. Dramatic composer, pupil at
original cast. The subject is from Sir the Lyceo Musicale, Bologna, of Corticelli
Walter Scott's romance, " The Bride of and Goliuelli on the pianoforte, and of
Lammermoor ;
" the scene, Scotland, about Gaetano Gasjiari in harmony, then at Loreto
1GG9. It is generally considered Donizetti's puj'il of Domeuico Vecchiotti. He settled
masterpiece, and is one of the most popular in Rome, where he became president of the
Italian operas. Among the best numbers Accademia Filarmonica. Works— Ojieras :
are Lucia's arias, " Regnava nel II solitario, given in Rome, Teatro Valle,
silenzio,"
and "Quando rapita in estasi " her mad ;
1853 Giuliano Salviati, ib., 1854 II sin-
; ;
song, " Oh, gioja che si senti," which gives daco del villaggio, ib., Teatro Capranica,
the artist opportunity for a brilliant display 1857 L' eroe delle Astui-ie, Reggio d'
;
LUCIO
Emilia, 1802 ; II coute di Beuzeval, Ferrara, sou, who, brought up by a fisherman, rises
1873 ; La bella fauciulla di Perth ; Tom- to high rank in the Venetian army, and at
maso Chattel-ton ; Cantata, Rome, Teatro last falls a victim to his own mother. Tlie
Apollo, 1856 ; do., ib., 1871 ; do., sung byHugo's libretto is a free adaptation of Victor
700 voices in the drama, " Lucrece Borgia" (1833). When
jjlace of the Cajjitol,
1871.— Fetis, Supijk'ment, ii. 132. the opera was produced in Paris, at the
LUCIO SILLA, Italian opera iu three Theatre Italien, Oct. 27, 1840, Hugo
acts, test by Giovanni da Gamera, revised brought action for infringement of copy-
by Jletastasio, music repre- right, won his case, and the libretto was
bj' Mozart, first
sented in Milan, Dec. 2G, 1772. Scene in rewritten, the scene being changed to Tur-
and near Rome. Characters represented key and the Italians to Turks. The opera :
Lucio Silla, dictator (T.) Giunia, betrothed was rejjroduced in its new form, under the
;
to Cecilio (S.) Lucio Cinna, patrician (S.); title La Riuegata, Jan. 14, 1845
; and a ;
Cecilio, senator (S.) Celia (S.) and Au- French version, entitled Nizza de Grenade,
; ;
fidio, tribune (T.). Published by Breit-

kopf & Hiirtel, Mozart Werke, Serie 5, No.
8. Same test, opera by Johauu Christian
Bach, Mannheim, 1774 and by Anfossi, ;
Venice, 1774. —
Kijchel, Verzeichniss, No.
135 Jahn, Mozart, i. 231, 287 Nissen, i.
; ;
273 Gehring, 49 Caecilia, xxiv. 79 All-

; ; ;
gem, mus. Zeitg., xx. 91.

LUCIO VERO, Italian opera, text by
Zeno, music by Sacchiui, first represented
at the San Carlo, Naples, Nov. 4, 17G4.
Given in London in December, 1773. Sub-
ject, the story of Berenice, daughter of
Agrippa I. of Judrea. Other operas, same
text, music by Pollarolo, Venice, 1700 bj' ;
Perti, Bologna, 1717 by Torri, Munich, ;
1720 by Ariosti, Loudon, 172G by Bioni,

; ;
Breslau, 1727 by Araja, Venice, 1735 (in

;
Florence as Berenice, 1730) and by Scala- ;
brini, Hamburg, 174G.

LUCREZIA BORGIA, opera in was prepared for the pi-oviuees. A com-
Italian
three acts, test nuisic by promise was finally effected l)y the paj'ment
by Felice Romani,
Donizetti, first represented at La Scala, Mi- of an indemnity to the author, and Lucrezia
lan, Dec. 2G, 1834. Original cast then assumed its original form. Lucrezia
:
Borgia ranks with Lucia di Lammermoor

Geunaro Signor Pedrazzi.
and La Favorita as Donizetti's most success-
Alfonso Signor Marini.
ful operas, and marks a half-way point be-
Orsiui Mile Brambilla.
tween the style of Rossini and that of Verdi.
Lucrezia Mme Lalande. Lucrezia was sung by Grisi with brilliant
Subject, the story of Lucrezia, natural success and was one of Tietjens' best chai-ac-
daughter of Cardinal Borgia (afterwards ters. Among the best numbei-s are Lu- :
Pope Alexander W.), who became the wife crezia's aria, " Com' e bello " Gennaro's ;
of Alfonso d' Este, son of the Duke of Fer- romanza, "Di pescatore ignobile ;" " Vioni
rara, and of Geuuaro, her own illegitimate la mia vendetta," sung by Duke Alfonso ;
I.UDOVIC
luH duet with Lucrezia,

" a te bacia O !
;
rousse, 41G ; Athenreum (1858), i. 759
the trio, " Guai se ti sfugge," sung by Lu- Krehbiel, Review (1880-87), 8.
crezia, Gennaro, and Alfonso ;

and Orsini's
drinking-song, "II segreto per esser felici."

Tlie opera was given at Her Majestj-'s, Lon-
don, in two acts, June 6, 1830, for the di'but
of Mario,and at the Princess's Tlieatre, in
Enghsh, Dec. 30, 1843. It was first repre-
sented in New York, Sept. 5, 1854, with

Mario, Susini, Mme Grisi, and Mnie Stra-
kosch. Score pubHshed by Eicordi (Milan)
by Diabelli (Vienna) and by Breitkopf & ;
Hiirtel (Leipsic).— Clement et Larousse,

413 AthenfBum (1839), 437 (1844), 20
; ; ;
Upton, Standard Operas, 95.

LUDOVIC, drame-lyrique in two acts,
text by Saint-Georges, music by Herold,
first represented at the Opera Comique,
Paris, May 16, 1833. Herold died while at

work on this opera, and it was completed
by Hale VJ-. — Clement et Larousse, 414.
LUHRSS, KAEL, born in Schwerin,
April 7, 1824, died in Berlin, Nov. 11, LULLY (Lulli), JE.\N BAPTISTE, born
1882. Pianist, first instructed by his father, at or near Florence, Itily, in 1033, died
who was organist and court musician at in Paris, March 22,
Schwerin, then in Berlin pupil at the Roy- 1087. Son of Lo-

al Academy and of ]Mendelssohn. From lenzo de' Lulli, a
1841 he often appeared successfully in con- Florentine gentle-
certs, and in 1847 went to Rome ; after his man, and Catarina
return in 1848 he taught pianoforte and delSerta; pupil of
singing at Schwerin, and in 1851 settled in an old Franciscan
Berlin. "Works Psalm CVIII. for soli, cho-
: monk in the rudi-
rus,and orchestra, performed at Schwerin ments of music ;
!'.'
2 symphonies for orchestra, Berlin and Leip-
'
and on the gui-
sic Quartet for strings
;
Trio for pianoforte tar;
The Chevalier de Guise took him to
and strings Sonatas for pianoforte, and for France, where he first became scullion in
;
do. and violin Songs. Fetis Mendel.

;
—
the kitchen of Mademoiselle de Montpen-
;
LUISA JIILLER, Italian opera in four sier. The Comte de Nogent, happening to
acts, text by Cammarano, from Schiller's hear him one day amusing himself by play-
drama " Kabale und Liebe," music by ing popular airs on a wretched little violin,
Verdi, first represented at Naples, Dec. 8, reported the boy's talent to "la Grande
1849. Given at the Opera, Paris, Feb. 2, Mademoiselle," who gave him a place among
1853 English at Sadler's Wells Theatre,
; in her musicians. But the mischievous young-
London, June 3, and in Italian at Her Maj- ster was soon discharged for setting to mu-
esty's, June 8, 1858 in New York, first ; sic some satirical verses on Mademoiselle.
time. Castle Garden, 1853. Luisa was a He next gained admission to the King's
favorite character with Mme Anna de La- band, and attracted the notice of Louis
—
grange. Grove, iv. 248 Clement et La- ; XIV. by some airs for violin which he wrote.
LULLY
His talent as a solo plaj-er induced tliat new singei-s and dancers, and composed all
mouarch to ai^poiut Liiii inspector of his the music given at the theatre. Finding
violinists (a band of eightj' players, known an admirable collaborator in the poet Qui-
as " la grande bande "), and to found anew nault, he wrote twenty operas and divertisse-
band of twenty-four ("lespetits -violons"), ments between the years 1G72 and 1080.
to be under Lis especial direction. Lully's On July 24, 1G62, he married Madeleine,
" petits violons"soon sui-passed the older daughter of the singer Lambert, by whom
band. Feeling that his musical education he had three sons and three daughters.
had been but slight, Lully gave up the vio- He was a man of the readiest wit, of great
lin, and began seriously to study the clave- astuteness, thoroughly unscrupulous and
cin and composition under Metru, Eober- avaricious, in which last quality his family
det, and Gigault, organists at Saint-Nicolas- resembled him. He died of an abscess in
des-Champs. He was soon appointed to the foot, brought on by hitting his toe with
compose music for the court ballets, and his baton while conducting his " Te Deum,"
later (about IGGO) to write ballet divertisse- Jan. 8, 1687. He was gi-anted naturaliza-
ments for some of Cavalli's operas, then tion papers as a Frenchman in IGCl. He
given for the first time in France. It was left a large fortune, and his family erected
Ijy studying the scores of Cavalli and other a superb monument to him, surmounted by
Venetian composers that Lully laid the chief a bust by Cotton, which still stands in the
foundations of his own style. This influ- church des Petits-Pcres, near the place des
ence was almost immediately' perceptible in Victoires. There are many portraits of hira,
the divei-tissements he wrote to some
of the most noted being those engraved by
Moliere's comedies. From 1C5S 1G71 Edelinck, Thomas, Saint-Aubin (from Colig-
to
he wrote thirty ballets, in which he himself non's bust), and Desnochers. Mignard's
sometimes danced with considerable success. portrait has been lost. Lully's genius was
"
The last of them was for Molii-re's "Psyche epoch-making he was the true founder of
;
(1G71). Next year the King appointed him the French " tragcdie-lyrique " or grand
" suiiutendant de la musique de chambre," opera, as it is now called. If he took the
and " maitre de musique " to the royal form of his aii-s slavishly enough from Ve-
family. But these honours did not satisfy netian models, he was a bold innovator in al-
his ambition. The privilege of founding most every other direction. He expanded
an " Academic de Musique," granted to the the meagi'e instrumental prelude of the
Abbe Perrin, June 28, 1G69, raised his Italian opera into a worthy musical fonii
envy. His character for honour was never (very like that adopted by Handel) bis ;
high, and by a series of intrigues, in which recitatives are still models of style in their
Madame de Montespan figured a good deal, noble freedom and dramatic expressive-
he got Pen-in's patent transferred to him- ness. He was the first really great opem
self (March, 1672), to the exclusion of composer in France, and one of the greatest
Henri Guichard and Jean de Grenouillet, in all historj'. In composing it was his
who seem to have had a legal claim on Per- habit to write only the voice part and tho
rin's succession. But whether Lully had a bass, leaving the completion of the sketch
Lalouette and
right to the position or not, he certainly and the scoring to his pupils
filled it admirably. He gave his personal Colasse. His works held the stage up-
attention to every detail of the management wards of a century.
of the Acadi'mie Royale de Musique, which •Works— I. Operas Lea /ilea de I'Aiuour :
Piuis, Theatre du
has since become so famous. He was not et de Bacchus, pastoral,
only director, stage manager, ballet-master, Bel-Air, Nov. 15, 1G72
Cadmux et Her- ;
ib., April, 1073

conductor, and machinist at once, but taught mione, lyric tragedy, ;
LULLY
Alcesle, on Ic Theatre ballot do Crequi Le ballet des INIuscs La
triomplie d'Alcicle, id., ; ;
(111 Palais Eoyal, Jan. 19, lG7i fete de Versailles Le ballet de Flore
; Th!isce, iJ., ; ;
Saiiit-Germaiuen-Laye, Feb. 3, 1G75 Lo L'amour modecin, comedy Monsieur do ;

;
Carnaval, opcTa-ballet, Oct. 17, 1G75 Ali/.% Pourceaugnac, do. Le ballet de Chambord, ; ;
Ij-ric tragedy, Saiut-Germain, Jan. 10, 1G76, ou le Bourgeois gentilhomme, do. Le bal- ;
and Paris, August, 1G77 Ms, tragedie- let des nations, sequel to the preceding
;
oprra, Acadcmie Royale de Musique, Jan. Les jeux pythiens, ballet Airs de danso in ;
5, 1G77 P:<yche, lyric tragedy, ib., April 9, Psycho, tragedie-ballet Entr'actes to Cor-
;
;
1G78 DelUrophon, opera, ib., Jan. 31, 1G79 neillc's Q3dipe, Versailles, 1G59.
; ;
I'rosi'rpine, lyric tragedy, Saint-Germain, III. Church music 5 volumes of motets, :
Feb. 3, and Acadomie Koyale de Musique, copied by Philidor aiuo for the Comte de
Nov. 19, 1G80; Le
triomplie de I'Amour,
cpi'ra-ballet, Saint-
Germain, Jan. 21, and
Acadeniie Koyale de
Musique,]\Iay"G,lG81;
Persee, lyric tragedy, Acadcmie Eoyalo de Toulouse, now
in the libraries of the Con-
Musique, April 17, and Versailles, June, servatoire, and of Versailles Motets for 2 ;
1G82 Phaeton, id., at court, Jan. 6, and

;
choruses, Paris, Ballard, 1684 Mass for 4 ;
Acadomie Eoyale de Musique, April 27, voices a cappella Other church pieces.
;
1683 Amadi^ de Gaule, id., Acadomie

;
IV. Instrumental music Many sympho- :
Royale de Musique, Jan. 18, 1G84 Poland, Le Provost d'; nies, trios, airs for violin, etc. —
id., at court, Jan. 18, and Academie Roy- Exmos, LuUi musicien (Paris, 1779) Lo ;
ale de Musique, Feb. 8, 168.5 L'idyllo de Cerf de la Vieville de Fresueuse, Comparai-

;
la Pai.x, ou I'eglogue de Versailles, diver- son de la musique italienne et de la mu-

tissement, Versailles and Paris, 1685 Lo sique fran9aise. Part IL, 182-239 Lettre ; ;
Temj>le de la Paix, opera-ballet, Fontaine- de Clement Marot a M. de tou- . . .
bleau, Sept. 12, and Academie Royale de chant ce qui s'est passo a I'arrivoe de J.-B.
Musique, October, 1685 Armidc et Re- LuUy aux Champs-Elysees, in Qiûvres
;
naud, lyric tragedy, Academie Royale de clioisis de Suueco, edited by P. A. Cap and
Musique, Feb. 15, 1G8G Acis et Galatee, E. Charles (Paris, 1855)
;
Fotis Grove ; ; ;
heroic pastoral, Chateau d'Anet, Sept. 6, Mendel.

1G8G, and Acadomie Royale de Musique, LULLY, LOUIS DE, born in Paris, Aug.
1687 Parts of first act of Achille et Po- 4, 16G4, died after 1713. Dramatic com-
;
lyxone (with Colasse), lyric tragedy, Paris, son of the preceding, whom
jioser, eldest
Nov. 7, 1687. he succeeded as superintendent and com-

n. Ballets, etc. : Alcidione, Saint-Ger- poser to the king. Works: Zoijhire et
main ; Airs de Flore (with his brother Jean Louis), given
ballet in Cavalli's Serse,
Louvre, Nov. 22, 16G0 La raillerie, bal- in 1688 Orphee (with his brother Jean
; ;
let L'impatience, do. Hercule araoureux, Baiitiste), 1690

; ; Alcide, ou le triompho ;
do. Lcs sejit planotes, do. L'amour ma- d'Hercule (with Marais), 1693 Ballet des
; ; ;
lade, comedy ; La noce au village, ballet saisons (with Colasse), 1695 ; Le triomphe
Le ballet des arts ; Les amours doguisos, de la raison, cantata, Fontainebleau, 1703.
do. ; La princesse d'Elide, comodie-ballet — Fotis; do.. Supplement, ii. 133.
Cariselli, ballet, Fontainebleau ; Le mariage LUMBYE, HANS CHRISTIAN, born in
foi-co, comedy ; La uaissance de Venus, Copenhagen, May 2, 1810, died there,
divertissement ; Le ballet des gardes Le March 20, 1874. Like ; Strauss and Launer,
LUIIIT
illVieuiifi, he had an orclicstra of liis own, 1571); 35 songs for do. (1548); Psalm
which i^layed at the Tivoli, near Copen- XXX. (Lyons, 1549).—F.His.

hagen, ami made con- LUPI, JEAN, lived in the first half of the
cert tours. On his 16th centuiy, died in 1547. Little is known
retirement in 1865, of him. He was
organist at Nivelles, Bel-
with the title of gium, resigning iu or before 1502, and oc-
Ki-igsraad, his sou cupied a position at Sainte-Marie, Antwerp,
Georg assumed the after that date. Works ^lany collections :
conductorship of his of motets, masses, and songs bear the name

orchestra, and now of Joh., Jo., or J. L. ; some of his masses
enjoys nearly as great are in the manuscript collection of the Pon-
a popularity as once Chapel iu Rome.
tifical — Fetis ; Meudel
did his father, whose Ambros, Gesch., iiL 2G3.
dances, marches, jiot- LUETiTNE, English opera in three acts,
300 in number, continue
pourris, etc., over textby E. Fitzball, music by William Yin-
in great favour in the Scandinavian king- cent Wallace, first re2)resented at the lloyal
doms. The opera Die Hexenflotc, 18G9, is English Oi)era, Coveut Garden, Loudon,
by Georg Lumbye. Fctis Mendel. — ; Feb. 23, 1860. Subject, the legend of the
LmiPP, LEOPOLD, born in Baden, Loreley. Published by Cramer & Co. (Lou-
Jan. 4, 1801, still Hving, 1889. Organist don, 18G0).— Athenscum (18G0), i. 275.
and church composer studied music iu his ; LUSTIG, JACOB WILHELÎ, born in
native city and at Freiburg, was ordained Hamburg, Sept. 21, 170G, died after 177C.
priest in 1823, and made city chaplain at Organist and writer on music, pupil of his
Eastatt, where he also assisted his aged father when sixteen years old became or-
;
father as musical instructor at the Lyceum. ganist at the Filialkirche, Hamburg ; stud-
In 1825 he was appointed professor there, ied composition under Jlatthcson ; became
and iu 1827 jjrebeudary of the cathedral at organist at St. Martin's in Groniugen, Hol-
Freiburg, where he also conducted the land. In 1734 he went to Loudon to hear
choral music, and the vocal instruction iu Handel, and rctm-ning, devoted himself to
the episcopal seminary. In 1835-43 he composition and literary work. Works
was director of a singing Bociety, founded Pianoforte sonatas Songs. He was author
;
by him, and iu 1838 was made Kapellmeis- also of: Inleidiug tot der muzijkkuudo
ter at the cathedral. Works : 7 German (Grouingen, 1751) ; JIuziekaale spraakkuust
masses for 4 voices, with orgau ;
Tw.aalf redeneeringen
Dcr Cho- (Amsterdam, 1754) ;
ralgesang nach dem Cultus der katholischen over uuttige muziekaale ouderwerpeu (ib.,
Kirche (Freiburg, 1837) Melodieu zum probably 175G) and of several translations
; ;
Freibui'ger DiOcesan-Gesaugbuche (Carls- into Dutch, Burney's musical travels among

ruhe, 1852) Preludes and finales for organ
; the number. Fc'tis Meudel Schilling.
;
— ; ;
Songs, etc. —
Fetis Mendel. ;
LFSTIGE KRIEG, DER (The Jlerry
LUPI, DIDIER, born iu the first half of War), comic opera iu three acts, text by
the IGth century. French vocal composer Zell and Geuce, music by Johann Stmuss,
;
lived probably at Lyons, and is cited iu the first represented in Vienna, Nov. 25, 1881 ;
prologue of the fourth book of Ilabelais iu New York, March 15, 1882. Published
among the celebrated musiciaus of the IGth bv Spina (Vienna, 1882).
century. To distinguish him from Jeau "lUSTIGEN WEIBER von "VATN'DSOR,
Wolf, or Lupi, of Antwerp, he is sometimes DIE (Merry Wives of Windsor), Cicrman
designated as Lupi second. Works Sa- comic opera iu three acts, test by Moseu-
:
cred songs, for 4 voices (Lyons, 1548, Paris, thal after Shakespeare, music by
Nicolai,
LUSTSI'lEL
first represented iu Berlin, March

9, ISiS). hymns. The first Protestant hymn-book
I'ortions of this opera had been performed ajipeared in 1524, aud four of its eight
iit the Kedoutensaal, Vienna, April 1, 1847. hymns were by him. It is difficult to de-
It was sung in Vienna with recitatives by termine which hymus Luther really wrote
Proch, Feb. 12, 1852 in London, as Fal- and adapted, and it is not absolutely certain
;
staft; May 3, 1861 and in Paris as Les that he composed any of the hymu-tunes
;
joyeuses commures de Windsor, translation ascribed to him, though very probably some
by Jules Barbier, at the Theatre Lyrique, of them were his. He wrote an essay iu
]\Iay 25, ISGG. First j)erfornied in New praise of music aud a poem entitled Frau
York, April 27, 1863 given by the Amer- Musika. Works 36 hymns written or ar-
;
:
ican Opera Company at the Academy of ranged by him, a list being given by Koch
Music, Feb. 5, 1886, English version by and reprinted by Grove 13 hymn-tunes, ;
Henry E. Krehbiel. The overture was first E/'n' feste Burg ist unser Gott, and Jesaia
performed by the Philharmonic Society of dem Propheten das geschah, being almost
New York, iu the season of 1857-58 by without doubt by him, the others with
;
the Loudon Philharmonic iu 1864 Full greater or less degrees of certainty. (See
score published by Bote & Bock (Berlin, Luthei-'s Hymn.) Rambach, Ueber Luther's—
1850).— Clement et Larousse, 385 Ed- Verdienst um den Kirchenge'sang (Hambui'g,
;
ward.s, Lyrical Drama, ii. 62 Neue Zeits. 1813) KOstlin, IVIartin Luther, sein Lebeu
; ;
xxxii. 180 xl. 161

; Neue Berliner Musik- und seine Schriften, i. 573 Kostlin, Life of
; ;
Zeituug (1857), 211 Atheureum (1861), Luther, 295 Koch, Geschichte des Kirchen-
; ;
685 Krehbiel, Review (1885-86), 131.

; lieds, i. 230, 454 ii. 2 Futis; Samml. mus.
; ;
LUSTSPIEL-OITS'ERTUIIE, by Her- Vortriige, iii. 289 Knecht, Luther's Ver- ;
mann Griideuer, op. 28, first performed in dieuste um Musik und Poesie (Dim, 1817)
New York at Thomas's Popular Matinee, Miiller, Luthers Verdieuste um die Musik
Dec. 24, 1887. (Erfurt, 1817) ;Grell, Luther, geistlicho
LUTHER, MARTIN, born in Eislebcn, Lieder nebst desseu Gedauken iiber die
Nov. 10, 1483, Musica (Berlin, 1817) Wiuterfeld, Der
;
died there, Feb. evang. Kirchengesang, i. 143 Revue et Gaz. ;
18, 1546. The musicale, July 13, 1879.

famous German LUTHER'S HYJIN, name given to the
reformer was a hj-mn beginning " Great God, what do I
mu- see and hear?" The words were written
great lover of
had a good by Bartholomicus Ringwaldt (1530-98), a
sic,
voice for singing, Lutheran clergyman in Langfeld, Prussia.

and islayed the It is in imitation of Dies irre, dies ilia, com-
flute and lute. In jjosed by Celano. Johann Christian Jacobi
his desire to im- translated this hymn iu seven verses, Es ist
prove the service of the church, he planned gewisslich an der Zeit, and included it in
alterations iu the music of the mass, his Psalniodia Germania (1722). Dr. "Will-
strove to shorten and simplify it, and to iam Beugo Collyer " conveyed " the first
"
Lave the vulgar tongue used more fre- stanzas from Jacobi's "Psalms and Hymns
quently. He did much to jiromote congre- (Sheffield, 1802), and composed additional
gational singing. "With the aid of the mu- verses to the tune, which is said to be Lu-
sicians Conrad Rupflf and Johann Walther ther's first composition, and which was first
he prepared and published the Order of the printed iu 1535. The melody had been
German Mass, and at the same time turned sung as a second theme to the older hymn,
his attention to writing and adapting " Nun freut each liebeu Christen s'mein."
LUTZ
Luther's Hymn, uiuler which title
appears conducted only the Mainzer Liedertafel,
it
iu the hymu collections, was formerly sung and the Ladies' Vocal Society connected
at musical festivals and sacred concerts. with it. Works— Operas Das Kiithchen :
— Duffield, English Hymns, 194 Josiah von Heilbronn, given at Dessau, 184C
;
Die ;
Miller, Singers and Songs of the Church, 53, Fiirstiu von Athen (not given) Der Schmied ;
373 ; Prescott, Christian Hymns and Hymn- von Ruhla, Augsburg, 1885 Coriolan, dra- ;
writers, G3 ; Grove, ii. ISO. matic scene. Mass Die vier Lebensalter,;
LUTZ, \\TLHEL:\I MEYEK, born at symphony ; Symphonic coronation march ;
M;inncrstadt, Kissingen, iu 1829, still liv- Cantatas, pianoforte music, and songs.
ing, 18S9. Dramatic composer, studied at — Mendel.
Wiirzburg and under Eisenhofer settled ; LUZZASCO (Luzzaschi), born in Fcr-
in England in 1818. Organist successively rara in the lOth century, died there, prol)-
of St. Chad's, Birmingham, St. Ann's, Leeds, ably in the beginning of the 17th century.
and St. George's Catholic Cathedral, Lon- Organist in the service of .\lfonso H., and
don conductor at Surrey Theatre, 1851-
; maestro di cappella in the cathedral of his
55, and at Gaiety Theatre in 18G9-81. native citj-. Viucenzo Gahlei placed him
—
Works Operettas Faust and IMarguerite,
: among the four most distinguished musi-
1855 Blonde and Brunette, 18G2 Zaida,
; ; cians of his time. He tried to revive the
18C8 ; Miller of Milburg, 1872 ; Legend of enharmonic system of tones used by the
the Lys, 1873 ; All in the Downs, 1881 Greeks, and was noted for his excellent
Knight of the Garter, 1882 ; Posteritj', rieercari for the organ. Works 5 volumes :
1884. Heme the Hunter, cantata

Orches- of madrigals, published in Ferrara, Naples,
;
tral and pianoforte music, and songs. and Venice beween 1575 and 1584 Rieer- ;
LUTZEL, J. HEINRICH, Ijorn at Iggel- cari. Fetis do., Supjih'meut, ii. 137 Men- — ; ;
heim, near Speier, Aug. 30, 1823, still liv- del do., Ergilnz., 251 Gerber Schilling. ; ; ;
ing, 1889. Vocal composer, became organ- LUZZI, LUIGI, born at Olcvano, Loniel-
ist and music director of the Protestant liua, about 1825, died at Stradella, Feb. 28,
church, and vocal instructor at the Gymna- 187G. Dramatic composer devoted him- ;
sium in Zweibriicken. He has done much self to music while studying at the miiver-
for the improvement of vocal music in the sity and the school of medicine, in Turin.
churches and schools of the Rhenish Palat- Works Chiarina, operetta, Turin Tripilla,
: ;
inate, and has composed psalms, motets, opera buft'a, Novara, 1874 La ventola, do.; ;
sacred choruses, a choral book, collections a hymn, 1847 Vittorio Emanuele, re d'
;
of saci-ed and secular choruses for male Italia, a patriotic hymn, Turin, 18G0 Fu- ;
voices, songs for schools, and organ music, neral march for Count Cavour Le Grazie ;
all distinguished for ability and jiractical and Le Serate Torinese, 2 albums of songs.
usefulness. — ]\Iendel. — Fetis, Supplement, ii. 137 Mendel, Er- ;
LUX, FPiIEDllICH, born at Ruhla, Thu- giinz., 251.

ringia, Nov. 24, 1820, still living, 1889. LVOFP (Lwoff), .VLEXIS, born in Ri-
Virtuoso on the organ and dramatic com- val, Russia, May 25, 1799, died in the prov-
poser, first instructed by his father, and in ince of Kovno, Dee. 28, 1870. Violinist ;
composition by A. Gotha then received an excellent musical education,

j\Iichel at ;
pupil of Fricdricli Schneider at Dessau entered the army at the wish of his fathei-,
(1839-41), where he was then music di- and, rising rapidly, was in 183G general, ad-
rector of the coiu't theatre for ten years, jutant of the Emperor Nicholas, and nuisi-
leaving this position in 1851 for the appoint- cal director of the r03'al court and chapel.
ment as Kapellmeister at the Stadtthc.atcr The fine quality of his violin playing was
iu Mainz. He afterwards resigned, and known iu Paris, Berlin, and other cities,
LYNES
.ami Sclnimann higlih' praised his nielhoil. nreum (1879), ii. 2.")2, 314; Revue et Ga-
\Vorks— Operas : The Village Bailiff, St. zette musicale de Paris (1879), 294 (1880), ;
Petersburg, about 23.

1820 Biaiica e Gual-
;
LYSBERG, (CHARLES SAMUEL
tiero, ib.,1845 Un- BOVY), called, born iu Geneva, March 1,
;
dine, Vicnn.a, 184:0 1821, died there, Feb. 15, 1873.

;
Pianist,
The Embroiderer, pupil of Chopin and of Delaire in Paris ;
St. Petersburg, about became professor of pianoforte at the Ge-

ISIO. liiissian Na- neva Conservatoire. Fearing failure, ho
tional Hymn, 1833 published his first comjôsitions under the
;
Violin concerto ; 2 pseudonym of Ly.sberg, a village in Switzer-

violin fantasias ; Le and continued
land, to use the name after
duel, for violin and he became popular. Works : La fiUe du
violoncello ; Stabat Mater ; Sacred choruses. carillonneur, opera-comiquo, Geneva, 1854 ;
He harmonized and edited chants and tunes Etudes de salon ; Romances sans paroles
Barcarolles ; Noctvirnes ; Valses de salon,
and many other comjiositions for pianoforte,
—
numbering about 150. Fctis, Sujsplcment,
ii. 138 Mendel Riemann.
; ;
— Fotis
of the Russian Church.
Riemann Wasielewski, Die
;
Schumann, Schriften, ii. 149.

LYNES, FRANK, born in Cambridge,
; Mendel
Violine, 401
;
M AAS, LOUIS, born,

age, in
21, 1852, still living,
of
Wiesbaden, Germany, June
German
1889.
pupil of his
parent-
Pianist,
fa-
Massachusetts, May 16, 1858, still living, ther, and in 18(!7

1889. Pianist, pupil in Boston on the pi- -71 of Reinecko
anoforte and organ of B. J. Lang, and in a n d Papperitz
harmony of J. K. Paine and iu 1883-85, at
;
at the Leijisic
the Leipsic Conservatorium, studied piano- Conservatorium ;
forte under Carl Reiuecke and Bruno Zwint- ho had, also, in-
cher, harmony and counterpoint under A. stiTJction fro m
Richter, and composition under Jadassohn. d u ring Liszt
On his return to America he settled in Bos- three summers.
ton, and in 1887 was organist of St. Paul's His early life was
Church. Works : Gavotte, for pianoforte spent mostly in London, where his family
and Romanza, for violin, vio-
violin, op. 2 ; went soon after his birth. In 1875-80 ho
loncello, organ, and pianoforte, op. 4 4 ; was teacher of the pianoforte at the Leipsic
pianoforte solos, op. 5 Te Deum, op. 8 ; ;
Conservatorium. He went to America in
Songs. 1880, settled in Boston, and in the season
LYRE ET LA HARPE, LA, cantata, test of 1881-82 conducted the concerts of the
from Victor Hugo's poem, music by Saiut- Boston Philharmonic Society, some of his
Sacns, composed for the Birmingham (Eng- own compositions being given and he liim-
land) Festival, Aug. 28, 1879. Mme Patey, self appearing as pianist. He has since
Mine Lemmens-Sherrington, William H. played in many principal cities of the United
Cummings, and Charles Santley sang the States, and is at present a teacher of music
principal parts. Performed at the Concert in Boston. Works American symphony, :
Populaii-e de Paris, Jan. 11, 1880. —

Athe- On the Prairies, given in the Music Hall,
MAlJEJ.LLXl
Boston, Dec. 1-t, 1881! ; Overtures, suites, Other music to Macbeth has been written
inarches, fantasias, etc., for orcliestni ; 3 so- byAndre, Berlin, 1780 by Stegmanii, ;
natas, auil a concerto for pianoforte ; Violin Hamburg, 1784 by Reicliardt, Munich,
;
sonatas ; Songs. 1795 by Rastrelli, Dresden, 1817

; by ;
JIABELLINI, TEODULO, born at Pis- Julius Rietz, Diisseldorf, 1840, and E<lgar
toja, April 2, 1817, still living, 1889. Dra- S. Kelly, 1887; overtures by Henry H.
matic composer, puiîl of Pilotti, then stud- Picrson, op. 54, and by Ignaz Briill, op.
ied at the music school in Florence (1833- 40, 1880, and overture and incidental mu-
30), and later under Mercadante at Novara. sic by Sir Ai-thur Sullivan, written for
He settled in Florence, where he became di- Henry Indng's revival of Macbeth at the
rector of the Societa Filarmonica in 1813, Lyceum Theatre, London, December, 1888.
court maestro di cappella in 1817, leader — Grove, ii. 157, 183 ; Burney, iv. 184 ;
of orchestra at the Pergola, and professor Hawkins, iv. 394 ;

" List of Songs in
of composition the school of music. Shakespeare set to Music," New Shake-
in
Works —OperasMatilda a Toledo, Flor- speare Society Publications, Series viii.. No.
:
ence, 183G Rolla, Turin, 1840

; Giuevra 3, 23 (Loudon, 1884) Athemeum (1889) ; ;
;
degli Almieri, ib., 1811 II conte diSavagna, Academy (1889), 14.

;
Florence, 1813 ; I Veueziani a Constauti- MACBETH, Italian opera in four acts,

nopoU, Rome, 1811 ; Maria
by Piave and Andrea Maft'ei, after di Francia, text
Florence, 1846 II venturiere (with Gordi- Shakespeare, music by Verdi, first repre-
;
giani), Leghorn, 1851 Baldassar, Florence, sented at the Pergola, Florence, March 17,
;
1852 Fiammetta, ib., 1857. Oratorios 1847. It was given in New York in 1848.
;
Eudossia e Paolo, ib., 1845, and L' ultimo This opera was revised by the composer,
giorno di Gerusalemme, 1848-49. Canta- translated into French by Nuitter and Beau-
tas : La caccia, 1837 Raffaclo Sanzio, mont, and represented at the Theatre Ly-
;
1842 ; II ritorno, 184{; ; Lo spirito di rique, Paris, April 21, 1805, with Ismail as
Dante, Antiche festivita Mme I{cy-B;dla as Lady Mac-
fiorentine, and JIacbeth and
others. Masses
Motets Te Deums beth. Same title, opera in three act.s, text
; ;
Psalms Hymns and songs. Fetis do., by Rouget de Lisle and Auguste Hix, mu-
; — ;
Supph'ment, ii. 140 Mendel Ricmann. sic by Chelard, first represented at the
; ;
MACBETH, music to Sir "William Daven- Academic Royale de Musique, Paris, June
ant's additions to Shakes^jcare's "JIacbetli," 29, 1827. This work was a failure, but
l)y Matthew Lock, first performed with the Chelard rearranged the music, and the opera
play at the theatre in Dorset Garden, Lon- was given in Gennan, translation by Heigel,
don, in 1072. Lock's music has been as- in Munich, 1828, and at the King's Theatre,
cribed to Henry Purcell, but he was only Loudon, July 24, 1832, with success. Same
about fourteen years old in 1072 to Rich- title, German opera in five acts, text by Eg-
;
ard Leveridge, who comjiosed music to Act gers, music by Taubcrt, Berlin, Nov. 11,
n. of Macbeth, about 1708 and to John 1857. Beethoven's sketches for an opera,
;
Ecclcs, whose music to Macbeth was first Macbeth, text by Collin, are in the Kimig-
performed atDrury Lane, London, in 1090. liche Bibliothek, Berlin. Clement et La- —
Previous to Sir AVilliam Davenant's addi- rousse, 418 Lajarte, ii. 128 Hogarth, i. ; ;
tions. Lock had composed a round to be 128 Chorley, Modern German Mu.sic, i. ;
danced by the weird sisters, which was in- 315 Berliner mus. Zeitg., vi. 5 Neue Ber- ; ;
cluded in "Musick's Delight on the Cith- liner mus. Zeitg. (1857), 370, 379, 380,
ren " as " Macbeth, a Jigg," and is also in- 393 Revue musicale, i. 520 Atheuivum ; ;
cluded in " The Plesant Companion to the (1832), 420, 444 (1877), ;
i. 127 ;
JIus.
Flageolet," signed with the initials M. L. Wocheublatt (1879), 113.

MACBETH
MACBETH, oveitme for orchestra in B Desvcrnine, and Mme Teresa Carrcno. In
niiuor, by Spolir, op. 75, first performed in 187C he went to Europe, and studied, at the
Magdeburg iu 1829. was given by the Paris Conservatoire, jiianoforte under Mar-
It
PLiilliarmouic Societj', London, in the sea- montel and theoi-y under Savard and in ;
son of 1842. Published by Peters (Leip- 1879, atFraukfort-on-the-Main, composition

sic). under Joachim Raft" and the pianoforte
MACBETH, ALLAN, born at Greenock, under Carl Heymann. In 1881-82 he was
Scotland, March 13, 1856, stiU living, 1889. first teacher of the pianoforte in the Darm-
Pianist, pupil in Robert Da- stadt Conservatorium, and later resided in
Edinburgh of
vidson and Otto Schweitzer, then at the Wiesbaden. In 1888 he returned to Amer-
Leipsic Conservatorium (1875-7G) of Rich- ica, and is living at present in Boston. He
ter, Reinecke, and Jadassohn. He was con- has jjlayed in many concerts in Europe, and
ductor of the Glasgow Choral Union in at the Ziirich Music Festival, iu 1882, gave
1880, of the Greenock Select Choir in 1881 his own composition, the First Moderne
Organist and choirmaster of Woodside Suite. Works Roland Symphony, for or- :
Established Church in 1882, and of St. chestra, op. 30, 1887 -4 orchestral poems ;
George's-in-the-Fields in 1884. Works Handel, symphonic poem, 1885 Ophelia, ;
The Duke's Doctor, operetta In memo- do., 1885 Lancelot and Elaine, op. 25, 188G
; ; ;
riam, for orchestra Forget-me-not, inter- Lamia, op. 20, 1887

; 1st concerto for pi- ;
mezzo for do. Serenata, for do. Danse anoforte and orchestra, in D minor, op. 15,
; ;
pizzicata, for do. Ballet de la cour, for do.

; 1882 2d do., in E-flat, New York, March ;
Trio for pianoforte and strings Suite of G, 1889 Romanze for violoncello and ox'-
; ;
pieces for violoncello and jjianoforte Pi- chestra, oji. 34, 1887 1st moderne suite for
; ;
anoforte music and songs. pianoforte, o]}. 10, 1881 2d do., op. 23, ;
MACCUNN, HAmSH, born in Scotland, 188G Prelude et fugue for pianoforte, op. ;
A 13, 1881 Waldidyllen for pianoforte, oj).

^
j(s.^s4^ contemporary.
rising young musi- 19, 1884 Other pianoforte music Songs.
;
; ;
cian, who has pro- MACFARREN, Sir GEORGE ALEX-

duced several cred- ANDER, born in Loudon, March 2, 1813,
itable works. He died there, Oct. 31, 1887. Dramatic com-
is now said to be jjoser, son of George Macfarren, dramatist
engaged upon an (1788-1843) pupil in 1827 of Charles
;
opera on the sub- Lucas, and iu 1829 studied pianoforte,

ject of the mas- trombone, and comisosition at the Royal
sacre of Gleucoe, Academy of Music, where, in 1834, be was
the text of which appointed a professor. In 1834 he gave at
is furnished by the Society of British Mu.sicians his sym-
Richard and Wilson Barrett.
Gallienne phony in F minor, in 183G his overture
Works Land o' the mountain and the
: Chevy Chase, and in 1838, at the Lyceum,
flood, overture The Dowuie Dens o' Yar-
; his Devil's Opera, which attracted public
row, do., 1887 Lord Ulliu's Daughter,
; attention. Though his vision became early
ballad for orchestra ; The Ship o' the impaired and finally resulted in total blind-
Fiend, do., 1888 ; Lay of the Last Minstrel, ness, he contined his work at then Royal
cantata, 1889. Academy and his comjjositious, dictating
MACDOWELL, EDW.AED ALEXAN- the latter to an amanuensis. In 1875 he
DER, born, of American parentage, in New succeeded Sterndale Bennett as professor
York, Dec. 18, 18G1, still Hviug, 1889. Pi- of Music at Cambridge, and iu the same
anist, pupil in New York of J. Buitrago, P. year was apj)ointed principal of the Royal
MACFAllREX
Academy of Music. In 187G he received cabaeus I
harmonized the airs in CiiiiiipeH's
;
the degree of M.X. from Cambridge and Popular JIusie of the Okleu Time and ;
that of Mus. Doc, arrauged Moore's Irish Melodies, 1859, and

from Oxford. lu Scotch Songs. Literary Works : Kudi-
1SS3 he was meuts of Harmony (18G0) Six Lectures ;
knighted. His ou Harmony (18G7) Analyses of oratorios ;
wife Natalia (Au- (1853-57) and of orchestral works (18G9-

drac) Macfarren is 71) ;Many articles ou musical subjects.
a singer and teach- — Grove Fctis do., Suiiplemeut, ii. 140
; ;
;
er, and has trans- Riemann ; Athenieuni (1887), ii. Gil.

lated the texts of JLYCFMIREN, W.VLTEll CECIL, Ijoni
many important in London, Aug. 28, 182G, still living,
choral and dram- 1889. Pianist, brother of Sir George Alex-
atic works. Works ander Macfarren, pupil at the Royal Acad-
— Operas The Devil's Opera, London, Aug. emy of Music of Holmes, Potter, and Lis
:
13, 1838 Don Quixote, ib., 18iG Charles U., brother.

; He became professor at tbo ;
ib., 18-19 Eobiu Hood, ib., 18G0 Freya's Academy in 184G, conductor of tbo Acad-
; ;
Gift, a masque Jessy Lea, ib. 18G3 She emy Concerts iu 1873, director of the
; , ;
Stoops to Conquer, The Soldier's Legacy, Philharmonic Society iu 18G8, and treas-
and Helvellyn, ib., ISCA Outward Bound urer of do. in 187G. Works Symphony ; ;
:
;
The Prince of Modena (MS.) Caractacus Overtures to A Winter's Tale, Beppo, Hero ;
(MS.) El Malhechor (MS.) Allan of Aber- and Leander, Henry the Fifth
; Pastoral
; ;
fi'ldy (MS.). Oratorios: Saint John the overture Couzertstiick for pianoforte and ;
Baptist, Bristol Festival, 1873 The /fe.s'wr- orchestra Services and anthems I'iano- ; ; ;
raiiim, Birmingham Festival, 187G ôt<q>h, forte music Part-songs and songs. ; ;
Leeds Festival, 1877 King David, 1883. IMACHADO, R.U'HAEL COELHO, born
;
Cantatas: Lenora, 1851 3Tai/ Day, Brad- at Angra do Heroismo, Azores, in 1814,
;
ford Festival, 185G Christmas, 1859 The still living, 1889. ;

He studied music in ;
Laiii/ of the Lake, Glasgow Festival, 1877 Lisbon until 1835 went to Brazil iu 1838 ;
; ;
Emblematical Tribute ou the Queen's Mar- travelled iu 1852-53 iu England, France,

riage, London, 1840 The Sleeper Awa- Spain, Portugal, then returned to Brazil,
;
kened, sereuata, ib., 1851. Symphonies and edited a musical journal iu 1S42-4G.
No. 1, 1828 ; No. 2 No. 3, ; A minor No. Works 3 masses 2 Te Deum About 50
; : ; ;
4, F No. 5, B-flat No. 6, C- Brazilian songs Several didactic works, a

minor, 1834 ; ; ;
sharp minor No. 7, D. Overtures Chevy method for the organ, do. for pianoforte,
; :
Chase, 1836 The Merrhant of Venice Bo- and a Dicciouario musical (Rio de Janeiro,
; ;
rneo and Juliet Hamlet Don Carlos 1855). Yasconcellos, i. 219 Fctis, SuppK'-
; ; ;
— ;
Overture in E-Hat. Cathedral service ; An- ment, ii. 143 ; ]\Iondel, Ergiinz., 254.
thems, chants, and ps.alm tunes lutroits 5IACHE DICH AUF, LICHT, ;
WERDE
for the Holy Days and Seasons of the Eng- chorus in D major in Jlcndelssohn's raiilii.<,
lish Church (18GC) Songs in a Corntield Part L (No. 15). ;
(18G8) Shakespeare Songs for 4 voices

;
MACHE DICH, MEIN HEPvZE, RFJN,
(18G0-G4), and many other songs; String aria in B-ilat major for the bass of Coro I.,
quartets String quintet Concerto for vio- with accompaniment of two oboi di caccia,
; ;
lin and orchesti'a Sonatas for pianoforte strings complete, organ, and contiuuo, in
;
alone and with other instruments. He Johaun Sebastian Bach's J'a.^sion nach ilat-
of the
has edited also Purcell's Dido and .35neas, thiius (No. 75). Iu Fi-anz's edition
1840 Jephthah
;
Bclshazzar Judas Jlac- score the two oboe di caccia parts are dis-
; ;
MA CI ITS
tribiited between two oboes aiul two clari- Schwarzburg-Sondershauscn, Gcnuany, in
nets. 1857, of ririch Eduard Stein. He became

MACHTS, CARL, bom in Weimar, June violinist iu the ducal
IG, 184G, still living, 1889. Pianist and orchestra there iu
violinist ; was called to Riga as Kapellmeis- 18G1 returned ; to
ter of tbe city theatre iu 1875. Works : London in 18G2 to
Overtures to Othello and Hamlet; Piano- study violin under

forte music ;
Choruses and songs. and theorySainton
MACIRONE, CLARA ANGELA, born in under Charles Lucas,
London, Jan. 20, and was elected King's
1821, still living, Scholar of the Royal
1889. Vocal and in- Academy of Music the
stru mental com- same year. Iu 1865 he went to Edinburgh,
poser,pupil at the and devoted himself to teaching pianoforte
Royal Academy of and to composition. He lived on the Con-
Music on the piauo- tinent iu 1879. Works Goloniha, lyrical :
forte of W. H. drama (Hueft'er), London, Drury Line, April

Holmes and Ci^jri- 9, 1883 The Troubadour, opera, ib., 18SG ; ;
ani Potter, in singing The Rose of Sharon, oratorio, Norwich,

of Signor Negri, and 1884 The Bride, cantata for soli, chorus, ;
in composition of Charles Lucas. She was and orchestra, op. 25 Jason, dramatic can- ;
elected an associate of the Philharmonic tata, Bristol Festival, 1882 The Story of ;
Society, was professor of pianoforte at the Sayid, Leeds Festival, Oct. 13,
cantata,
Royal Academy, then head music-mistress of 188G Cotter's Saturday Night, cantata,
;
Aske's school for girls, Hatcham, and now 1888 Dream of Jubal, Liverpool, 1889
; ;
head music-mistress of the Church of Eng- Rhapsodic ccossaise, for orchestra, op. 21 ;
land high school for girls. Baker Street, do.. No. Overture to Cervantes;
2, op. 24 ;
London, N. W. Miss Macirone is one of do. to Twelfth Night Tempo di Ballo, over- ;
the best-known of British women-composers ture for orchestra Scherzo, for do. Con- ; ;
and teachers, and her success iu training certo for violin and orchestra, 1885 Organ ;
pupils has elicited high commendation. Of and pianoforte music Part-songs and ;
her compositions the most successful are songs Benedictus for violins and wind in-
;
her part-songs, which have been sung at struments. —

Grove Fetis, Supplement, ii. ;
the Crystal Palace and Exeter Hall by three 143 N. Zeitschr. f. Mus. (1884), 345.
;
thousand voices. Works Part-songs Sir — : MACLEAN, CHARLES DON^VLD, born

Knight, Sir Knight Ragged and torn and ; iu England, March
true Autolycus' Song
; Cavalier's Song ;
; 27, 1843, still living,
The Battle of the Baltic Old Daddy Long- ; 1889. Organist, pu-
legs Jack and Jill The Soldier's Dream
; ;
;
pil of Ferdinand
Ride a Cock Horse, etc. Songs Beuedic- ; Hiller at Cologne ;
tus ; Te Deum ; Anthems ; Pianoforte mu- organist of E.xeter

sic, etc. College, Oxford,
JIACKENZm, ALEXANDER CAMP- 18G2 ; do. and mu-
BELL, born Edinburgh, Aug. 22, 18i7, sic director at Eton,
in
still Violinist, son of Alex- 1872.
living, 1889. Mus. Bac,
ander Mackenzie (1819-1857) and grand- O-xford, 1860 Mus. " " ;
son of John Mackenzie (1797-1852), both Doc, ib., 1865. Works: Noah, dramatic
violinists; pupil of his father, and in oratorio, 1865 Pianoforte music and songs. ;
MACON
MACON, LE (The Mnson), opi'ra-nnmiqnc about 1750 by Alossandro Scarlatti, 17.">2
by
;
;
in tbree acts, text by Scribe and Germ;iiii Giov.anni Liverati, Trieste,

1804 in French, ;
Delavigne, music by Auber, first represented Ijy Franz Horzizki, Reinsburg,

about 1791
at the Opera Comique, Paris, May 3, 182;'). :\IAG.\ZZARI, GAETANO, born at Bo-
One of Auber's masterpieces in opera-co- logna about 1808, died in Milan, March
27,
miqne, and long popular revived at the 1872.
; The most popular national compos-
OpOra Comique, Paris, Feb. G, 1880. Pul> er of Italy during the revolutionary period
lished by Hofmeister (Leipsic) and by Di- of 1846-48 lived in Turin, afterwards in ;
abelli (Vienna). — Allgem. mus. Zeitg., xxvii. Milan. Among

his numerous vocal and in-
598 ; Berliner mus. Zeitg., Revue strumental compositions, mostly suggested
ii. 271 ;
et G.azette musicaledo Pai-is (1880), 41. by patriotic sentiment, the hymns on Pope
MACQUE, JEAN DE (Giovanni di), Bel- Pius IX. and on Charles Albert of Sardinia
gian composer of the lOtli century. He were sung everywhere in Italy. Member
was pupil of Philippe do Mons, and was of Bologna and Parma Academies, of the
organist to the Vice-King of Naples about Accademia di Sta. Cecilia, and of the Filar-
1540, and maestro di cappella there about monica in Rome, and of several French art
1592. Works : Litanie a 8 voci (Naples,
societies. Fetis, Supplement, ii. 144. —
1540) ; CanzonetteNapoletana a G voci
alia MAGI, FORTUNATO, born in Lucca,
(ib., 1555) Several books of madrigals
; Oct. G, 1839, still living, 1889. Pupil of
Some compositions in various collections. Puccini became te.achcr of harmony in the
;
— Fetis; Mendel. Institute of his native town in 1857 suc- ;
MA DALL' ARIDO STELO. See Ballo ceeded Puccini in 18G1 as professor of

in INIascliera. counterpoint and as maestro di cappella at
IMADAMINA, IL CATALOGO. See Don the cathedral. Was appointed director of
Giovanni. the Institute in 1872, but soon after gave
JIADLSEDER, NONOSUS, superior of up all his positions in the city and occupied
the Benedictine Monastery of St. Gall at similar places at Sarzaua 1874 he be- ; in
Andich, Bavaria, died there, still young, in came director of the public music schools in
March, 1773. Works OtTertoria XV pro Ferrara and in 187G at La Spezia. Works
: :
principalioribus festivitatibns Domini, etc. L' onore di inia donna, opera I tre rivali, ;
(Augsburg, 17C5) Oftertoria XV solemnia comic opera

; Esther, oratorio Burla- ; ;
de fastis Sanctorum, etc. (ib., 17G7) Mise- macchi, cantata Christus Miserere Mo-
; ; ; ;
rere V et Stabat Mater pro tempore quadra- tets, graduals, etc. Fetis, Supplement, ii. —
gesimale (ib., 1708) Vesperpo solemnes sed 145 Mendel, Ergiinz., 25G.
; ;
breves, etc. (Andich, 1771). Fetis. — IMAGIC FLUTE. See ZauberJlOle.

MAESTRO DI MUSICA, IL (The Music MAGICIENNE, LA, opera in five acts,
Master), intermezzo iu two acts, by Pergo- text by Saint-Georges, music by Halevy,
lesi, first represented in Naples iu 1731 first represented at the Academic Royale de
;
and at the Academic Royalo de Musique, Musique, Paris, i\Iarch 17, 1858. Subject,
Paris, Sept. 19, 1752, with this cast the legend of Melusiue. Original cast
Lauretta Signora Tonnclli. Melusine Mme Borghi-Mamo.

Lamberto Signor Cosini. Blanche de Poitou "Mmo Liiuters.
Collagiani Signor Manelli. Rene, vicomte de Thouars. M. Gueymard. .
Le chevalier Stcllo M. Bonuehee.

Represented at the Bouffons Italiens, Paris,
Le comte de Lusignan M. BclvaL
with a new number by Pietro Auletta, Oct.
3, 1752. This opera w.as long popular. Clement et Laronsso, —
421 Bevue et Ga- ;
Same title, operas iu Italian, by Martini, zetto musicale de Paris (1858), 89.
MAGNI
MAGNI, BENEDETTO, born at Rivenna xi., & Hiirtel (Leipsic, 180 1). Ad-
Breitkopf
about 1580, died ('?). Orp;auist of the ca- ditionalaccompaniments to this work have
thedral at Ravenna. Works : Concert! e been written by Franz (full and pianoforte
Motetti, lib. i. (Venice, 1G12) ; do., lib. ii. score, Breslau, Leuckart). Sung at the
(ib., 1612) ; do., lib. iii. (ib., 1C16) Messe Leeds Musical Festival (England), Sept. 22,
;
concertate a otto voci, lib. i.-iii. (ib.); Ma- 1877. Bach wrote a Magnificat for soprano
drigali. — Fetis. with a small orchestra, but this is lost. He
MAGNI, GIUSEPPE, born at Foligno composed also a Magnificat to German
in the second half of the 17th century. He words, Meine Seel' erhebt den Herrn, for
was maestro di cappella at the cathedral of the Feast of the Visitation. Bach-Gesell-
his native city and, about 1700, considered schaft, vol. i.. No. 10. —
Spitta, Bach, ii.
one of the prominent musicians of his time. 198 Bitter, Bach, ii. 173 Robert Franz, ; ;
His only known work is Decio in Foligno, Mittheilungen liber Johann Sebastian Bach's
sacred melodrama, performed at the cathe- Magnificat, Karmrodt (Halle, 18G3) Ath- ;
dral, 1G97.— Fetis. euiBum (1877), ii. 410 Upton, Standard ;
MAGNIEN, VICTOE, born at I<:pinal Oratorios, 48.

(Vosges), France, Nov. 19, 180-1, died at JIAGNIFICAT in D, for four voices and
Lille in June, 1885. Violinist and guitar orchestra, by Francesco Durante. This, one
player, pupil in Paris of Rodolphe Kreut- of the master's noblest compositions, has
zer and on the guitar of Carulli in 1820 also been supplied with additional accom-
;
he went to Colmar, where his family then paniments by Franz, in which form it is
resided, began to teach, and soon after was published, in full and pianoforte score
given a lucrative position at Miihlhausen, (Karmrodt, Halle, 18GG). It was given for
whence he visited Paris annually for three the first time in America, in Boston, Mass.,
months, to study under Baillot, Lafont, and Music Hall, Jan. 20, 1870.— Dwight's Jour-
Fctis. After the revolution of 1830 he be- nal, XXX. 182.
came chef d'orchestre of the Philharmonic MAGNUS, DfiSmfi (Magnus Deutz),
Society at Beauvais (Oise), and in 1810 called, born at Brussels, June 13, 1828, died
director of the Conservatoire at Lille. in Paris early in January, 1884. Pianist,
Works : Mass
Concerto for violin, op. 45
; ;
pupil of Vollweiler at Heidelberg, then stud-
Fantaisie caprice for do., with pianoforte, ied at the Brussels Conservatoire, where he
op. 49 Etudes, op. 41 Divertissement et
; ; won the first prize in 1843. After several
boli'ro for violin, op. 52 Duos for violin ;
successful concert tours through England,
and guitar Themes varies for violin, with
; Germany, Russia, Spain, etc., he settled in
quartet Duos and nocturnes for 2 guitars
; Paris, and soon secured a reputation as pi-
Fantaisies, roudeaux, themes varies for gui- anist, teacher, composer, and musical critic.
tar. —Fetis. Works : La Tok'nlane, parlour-opera, given
MAGNIFICAT in D, for five voices (two in Paris, Salle Taitbout, 1874 ; Sonata.s,
and bass), with organ,
soprani, alto, tenor, marches, fantaisies, and other music for pi-
strings, two oboes, two flutes, three trum- anoforte, and some vocal melodies. His
pets, drums, and continuo, by Johann Se- Methode elementaire de piano (1879) is in
bastian Bach, first performed in the Tho- great favour. — Fi'tis.
maskirche, Leipsic, Christmas Day, 1723. MAHU, STEPHAN, German composer,

Four vocal numbers were introduced by famous contrapuntist of the first half of the
Bach, the words of which were taken from IGth century. He is supposed to have been
Kuhuau's Christmas cantata. Published by a singer in the chapel of the Emperor Fer-
Simrock (Bonn, 1811) edited by Dr. Wil- ; dinand I. To judge from his works, he was
helm Rust for the Baeh-Gesellschaft, vol. one of the best masters of his time. Works :
MAIJ)
Laiiiontationes Hicroiiii;p, in Joanuplli's MAILLAET (LOUIS), called AIM fi, bom

Noviis TLesaurus luusicic (15G8) ; Choral at Montpellicr (Hf'rault), France, March
melodies in Walther's Cantiouale (1551) 24, 1817, died at Moulins (Allier), May 2(;, ;
And other songs aud motets in different 1871. Dramatic composer, pupil at I'aris
collections. —
Allgem. d. Biogr., xx. 98 Consei-vatoire of Gueriu on the violin, of ;
Mendel ; Ft'tis ; Gerber ; Schilling Win- Elwart and Leborne in harmony and com-
;
terfeld, Kircliengesang, i. 203 ; Ambros, position obtained the grand prix for com-
;
Gesch., iii. 389. position in 1841, spent two years in Italy,

MAID OF .VETOIS, THE, English opera and visited Vienna and the piincipal cities
in three acts, textbj' Ijiinn,music by Balfe, of Germany on his return to Paris. Works
first represented at Drury Lane, London, — Operas, all given in Paris : Gastibelza,
May 27, 183G. It was written for ]\Ialibran, 1847 Le moulin dcs tilleuls, 1849 La croix
; ;
who ajipeared in the title-role. The rondo de Marie, 1852 Les dragons do Villars,
;
finale, as sung by her, proved so effective that 185G Les pecheurs de Catane, 18G0 Lara,
; ;
it became popular throughout Europe and 18G4. 2 cantatas. — Fetis ; do., Suiipli'inent,
was known as "Balfe's air." Kenuey, Balfe,ii. 148 Rieniann —
Larousse Clement, ; ; ;
117 Edwards, The Prima Donna, ii. 154.

; Mus. celebi'es, 621.
MAID OF HONOUR, THE, English JIAILLY, JEAN ALPHONSE ERNEST,
comic opera in three acts, text by Fitzball,
born in Brussels, Nov. 27, 1833, still living,
music by Balfe, first represented at Drury1889. Organist and pianist, pupil at Brus-
Lane, London, Dee. 20, 18-47. The subject sels Conservatoire of Girschner became ;
is the same as Flotow's 3Iarl]m.—Jieuucy, accompanist at the Theatre de la Monnaie,
Balfe, 218 Athenwum (1847), 1330.

; organist of St. Joseph's Church, professor
MAID OF ORLEANS, sonata for piano- of pianoforte at the Conservatoire iu 18G1,
forte, by William Sterndale Bennett, op. of the organ in 18G9, and organist of the
40. Subject, Schiller's tragedy. I. Andante Carmelite Church. He has played iu Paris,
Pastorale, Auf der Weide, iu A-llat II. Im ; London, Amsterdam, and other cities, and
Felde, iu A-flat minor HI. Adagio, Ini ; Berlioz calls him one of the most learned
Gefiingniss, in E IV. Finale, " Kurz ist der
; of organ virtuosos. Works Organ sona- :
Schmerz und ewig ist die Freude." Pub- tas, fantaisies, morceaux de genre, etc., for
lished by Kistner (Leipsie, 187G). Grove, — organ Serenade, for flute, violin, violon-
;
iii. 580. cello, organ, and pianoforte Trio for pi- ;
M.UD OF ORLEANS, incidental music anoforte and strings Collection of pieces ;
to Schiller's tragedy, by Frederic H. Cowen, for pianoforte Motets for 1-4 voices,
;
fir.st performed at the Brighton (England) with organ Melodies and chorals. Fi'tis,
; —
Musical Festival iu February, 1871, conduct- Supplement, ii. 149 Mendel, Ergiinz., ;
ed by the composer. It was performed at 257.

the Glasgow Orchestral Concert, under the MAINBERGER, JOHANN KARL, born
direction of Sir Arthur Sullivan, Dec. 23, in Nuremberg in 1750, died there, April 22,
1875. L Overture ; H. Entr'acte ; EI. 1815. Pianist and organist, pupil of CJruber,
Scherzo ; IV. March. early acquired great facility in playing wiiul
M.VILLARD, JEAN, French composer, instruments, and in 17GS became oboist in
of the IGtli century. have the city orchestra, iu 1770 its organist, in
He seems to
lived in Paris, but nothing is known of his 1780 organist at St. Lorenz, and iu 179G
position. Works Mass in the Pontifical Kapellmeister of the city oreliesti-a, having
:
Chapel in Rome Other masses 20 canti- already for twelve years conducted the stand-
; ;
ones sacra; (Paris, 15G1) Songs and motets ard winter concerts. Works Der Spiegel-
;
:
iu various collections. Fetis; Mendel. —

ritter, opera, given at Nuremberg about
MAIXZER
Joseph's 11. Todtenfeier, melotlrama ; Die dre Duval, music by Dalayrao, first repre-
Auferstehiiug uiul Himmolfahrt Jesu, ora- sented at the Opera Comique, Paris, Oct.
torio (text by Eamler) Masses, Te Deum, 23, 1800. Martin, Elleviou, Douzainville,
;
clmrcli cantatas, Mme Douzainville, aud Mme Dugazon sang

aud otlier sacred music ;
Sjmpbouies for and the chief parts. It was one of the most
orchestra ; Sonatas
concertos for pianoforte, etc. I'Ytis —
Schil- amusing operas of its time, and was long ;
ling. popular. Published by Schott (Mainz).

MAINZER, FRIEDRICH, born about Other operas in German, Das Haus ist zu
1760, died after 1827. Virtuoso on the vio- verkaufen, by F. A. Mauer, Munich, 1802 ;
lin and clarinet player at first a member by Hummel, Vienna, 1812 aud by F. Zaver
; ;
of the chand)er music of the Margrave of Pentenrieder, IMunich, 1847 in Italian. ;
Brandenburg-Schwedt, entered the service Casa a vendere, by Chelard, Naples, 1815 ;
of the Duke of Mecldenburg-Strelitz in 179.5, and by Gagliardi, ib., 1834. xUIgem. mus. —
and of the King of Bavaria in 1807. Zeitg.', vi. 322.
Works : G quartets for flute, violin, viola, MAISTRE, Baronne DE, French ama-
aud violoncello ; Rondo esisagnol varie for teur di'amatic composer, contemporary.
violin, with quartet German songs for 4 Works Les Roussalkas, opera, given at
; :
voices. Theatre de la IMonnaie, 1870 Brussels, ;
MAINZER, Abbe JOSEPH,

born at Ninive, do. Cleopiitre, do. Stabat Mater, ; ;
Treves in 1801, died at Manchester, Eng- and other sacred music.

land, Nov. 10, 1851. He received his mu- MAiTRE-AlMBROS, opi'ra-comique, text
sical education in his native town, and be- by Coppee and Dorchain, music by Widor,
came teacher of singing in the seminary represented at the Opera Comique, Paris,
there. His political opinions compelled May 6, 1886. Scene, in the Wars of Inde-
him to Germany, and he went to
leave pendence in the Netherlands. The opera,
Brussels, and thence to Paris, where he which was remarkably well set, met with
taught, and wrote musical criticisms. In moderate success.
1839 he went to England, where he started MAiTRE DE CHAPELLE, LE, opera-
classes on "Wilhem's system and was quite comique in two acts, text by Mme Sophie
successful. Works Operas Le triomphe — : Gaj', music by Paiir, first represented at the
de la Pologue, about 1832, and La Jac- Theatre Feydeau, Paris, March 29, 1821.
querie, 1838 ; Singschule (Treves, 1831). It ranks with Agnesr, Paer's best ojiera
Mothode de chant pour les enfants (Paris, Other operas, same title, in Italian, seria.
1835, 2d ed., 1838) ]\Iethode de chant n maestro di cappella, Ijy Florian G. Deller,
;
pour voix d'hommes, Bibliotheque elemen- Munich, 1771 by Domenico della Maria, ;
taire du chant (ib., 183G) Methode pra- Naj^les, 1792 in German, Der Kapellmeis-
; ;
tique de piano pour les enfants, Abecedaire ter, Singspiel in two acts, by Lorazi, Berlin,
de chant (ib., 1837) Ecole chorale (ib., 1782 by Lasser, Gratz, 1789. Revue mu-
; ; —
1838) Cent melodies enfantiues (ib., 1840) sicale, iii. 154.
;
Singing for the Million (London, 1842) MAJO, FRANCESCO DI, called Ciccio ;
Esquisses musicales, ou souvenirs de voy- di Majo, born in Najiles in 1745, died in

age (Paris, 1838-39) Musical Athenfcum Rome in 1770. Dramatic aud church com-
;
(London, 1842) Chronique musicale de poser, sou and pupil of Giuseppe di Majo
; ;
Paris (Paris, 1838) Mainzer's Musical finished his musical education at the Na-
;
Times Other articles ou music. Grove ples Conservatorio. He began composing

; — ;
Mendel Riemann Fetis. ; at an early age and shortly before his death
;
MAISON A VENDUE (House for Sale), was summoned to Rome to write for the
opera-comique iu one act, text by Alexan- opera there. His comj)ositious combuie
MAJO
great ilramatic power with expressive mel- Judas Maccabitus
Herr Betz.
ody aud pure Larinouy. Works Operas ^le«zar — :
Herr Ernst.
Astrea Placata, Naples, 1700 Ai-taserse, Leah ;
Frl Miu-iauue Biiindt.
Itigenia iu Aulide, Catoue iu ib., 17G2 Cleopatra
;
Frl Grossi.
Utica, ib., 1703 Deiuofooute, IJome, 17G4
;
; Noemi Fii Lehmauu.
Montezuma, Turin, 17G5 Adriano in Siria, ;
It was represented at St. Petei-sburg, un-
Naples, 17G6 Alessandro nell' Indie, ib.,
;
der Rubinstein's direction, Feb. 3, 1877.
17G7 Antigono, ib., 17G8 Diilone abbau-
; ;
donata, ib., 17G9 Ulisse, Rome, 17G'J Iper-

PubUshed by Bote & Bock (Berlin, 1875).
; ;
Other operas on the same subject In Ger- :
westra, Naples, 1770 L'eroe Cincsc, 1771 ;

man, Die Makkabiiische Mutter, five acts
First act of Eumeue, 1771. La Gara delle
and prologue, text by Eliueuhorst, music
G-razie, cantata ; Gesii sotto il peso della
Croce, .sacred drama
masses Psalms, ; 5 ;
graduals, aud other church music. Futis — ;
do., Supplement, ii. 150 Mendel Schil- ; ;
ling ; Gerber.
MAJO, GIUSEPPE DI, born at Naples
in 1G89, died (?). Church aud dramatic
comijoser, puf)il of Ale.ssandro Scarlatti,
succeeded Durante as maestro di cappella
iu 1727. Works Dixit ad otto reali in :
due cori Miserere mei a tre, con due vio-

;
liui ed organo Letauie della Madonna a

;
quattro voci, 2 îoliui, violetta ed organo ;
II fintoLaccheo, opera bufta, Naples, tea-

tro de' Fiorentini, 1725 II vecchio avaro, ;
do., ib., 1727.— Fetis.

5IAJ0CCHI, LUIGI, born in Codogno,
Lonibardy, iu 1809, died there, October,
1S3G. Dramatic composer, studied at Mi-
lan, then under Simone Mayr at Bergamo ;
was afterwards violoncellist at the Teatro

Carcano, Milan. Works Rosamunda, : given
in Milan, Scala, 1831 Panua, ; II segi'eto,
1833 ; Cristina di Svezia (unfinished). Fe- —

tis.
MAKKABAER, DIE Maccabees), by Johann "Wolfgang Franck, Hamburg,

(The
opera in three acts, text 1G79 in Italian, by .\ttilio Ariosti, Venice,
by I\Io.sentlial, after ;
Otto Ludwig's drama of the same title, 1704 I fratelli Maccabei, by Vittorio Treu- ;
music by Rubinstein, first represented at to, Rome, 1818 Die Makkabiier, biblical ;
the Imperial Opera House, Berlin, April 17, drama, with music by Seyfried, Vienna,
1875. It was conducted by the composer 1818.— Siguale (1875).' 337; (1877), 225 ;
aud was received with great apj)lause. Sub- (1878), 305 (1882), 897 Hauslick, Musi- ;
;
ject -ludas Maccaba?us, victorious over .\n- kalisehe Stationen, 321

:
Clement et La- ;
tiochus. King of Syria, finds that the latter rousse, 858 La Mara, Mus. Stuclienkopf, ;
has executed his mother, Leah, and his iii. 211.

brothei-s. The climax is the despair of M.VLBROOK S'EN VA-T'-EN Gl-ERRE,
Judas. Original cast : a celebrated French song, by an unknown
JMALDEU
lUiUior. The style of the music belongs to critic, pupil of Sauzuy, and at Cassel of
the tiuie of Louis XIV., and part of the Spohr, whose life he wrote. He founded a
words are supposed to have been written musical pajier in Paris, and endeavoured to
iu the bivouac of Marechal de Villars, at establish popular concerts at the Theatre de
Le (JLiesuoy, on the night after the battle of laGaite, but being unsuccessful, returned to
Malplatiuet, Sept. 11, 170S). It is similar Germany iu 1858, and edited the feuilleton
in construction to the lament on the death of the French journal at Frankfort in 18G1 ;
of the Due de Guise, published iu 15GG. he published Le Monde musical at Brussels.

Mario Antoinette heard it sung in 1781 as a Works Overture to Handet Le dernier
: ;
lullaby to the infant dauphin, and singing jour d'un condamne, fantasia for orchestra ;
it herself, it soon became popular through- Vie du mariu, symphony for do.; La vie du
out France. Bourrienue says, in his Mc- •soldat, do. ; Nonet for string and wind in-
nioires, Napoleon used to whistle it

that struments Trio for pianoforte, and strings
;
when about to join the army, and that his Mass for male voices and wind instruments.
valet always knew, when he heard him, that — Fetis ; Riemann.
a campaign was imminent. The tune is fa- MALINCONIA, LA, name given by Beet-
miliarly sung in English to the words, "For hoven to a romantic intermezzo of forty-
he's a jolly good fellow," and " We won't go four measures, between the Scherzo and the
homo till morning." It is frequently used iu Finale of his quartet in B-flat, op. 18, No. G
French vaudevilles, and Beaumarchais in- [Lohkowilz). The tempo is Adagio, the direc-
"
troduced it into his " Mariage de Figaro tion, Questo pezzo deve trattaro coUa piu
si
(1781). Beethoven made it the sj-mbol of gran delicatezza. The theme appears twice
the French army in his Battle Symiahony, Leuz, Beethoven, vol. i., part
in the Finale. —
op. 91 (1813), and Mozart used it as a theme i. 178 Grove. ;
for ten variations (Artaria, Vienna). It is MALIPIERO, FRANCESCO, born at Ro-

also the subject of an opera-boutfe, text by vigo in 1822, still living, 188!). Dramatic
Siraudin and Busnacli, music by Bizet, Jo- composer. Works Giovanna di Najioli, :
nas, Legouix, and Delibes, first rej^resented given at Padua, 1842 Attila, Venice, 184G, ;
at the Athcnee, Paris, Dec. 15, 18(i7.— Mas- afterwards as Ildegonda di Bologna, at
son, La lyre frauyaise, 272 La- Milan Alberigo da Romano, Venice, 184G,
; Clement et ;
rousse, 738 ; Engel, 18G9 Linda d' Ispahan Fernando Cortez,

The Study of National ; ;
Music, 190 Rambosson, Les harmonies du lyrical drama, Venice, 1851

;
A Rossini, ;
son, 51 Grove.
; cantata Vocal melodies. Fetis do.. Sup- ;
— ;
MALDER, PIERRE VAN, born in Brus- plement, ii. 151.

sels, May 13, 1724, died there, Nov. 3, MALLIOT, AJSfTOINE LOUIS, born at
17G8. Violinist, pupil of was cham- Lyons, Aug. 30, 1812, died at Rouen, April
Croes ;
ber musician to Prince Charles of Lorraine, 5, 18G7. Dramatic singer (tenor) and com-
having first been solo violinist at the court poser, pupil in Paris of Choron, and at the
opera in 1755-58. He was among the first Conservatoire of Garaude and Banderali,
composers to cultivate the symphony and afterwards at Rouen pupil of Aniedee
the string quartet. Works La bagarre, Moreaux iu harmony. In 1835-43 he sang
:
comic opera, Paris, 17G2IS symphonies for successively on the stages at Nancy, Metz,
;
strings, 2 oboes, and 2 horns G quartets Lille, Lyons, Brussels, and Rouen, win-
;
for strings ; G sonatas for 2 violins and ning applause everywhere but, being of
;
bass ; Violin music. — Riemann ; Viotta. delicate constitution, he gave up the dra-
MALIBRAN, ALEXANDRE, born in matic career, and settled at Rouen to teach
Paris, Nov. 10, 1823, died there, May 13, the voice, and was also a musical critic
]8(i7. Virtuoso on the violin, and musical there for twenty years. Works : La Veu-
MAL
ckVnue, opera, given at Maggiorc, and in 1C07-8
Iloiioii, Tlic;'itre-dfs- cuppella of S. 31.
Arts, 1857 ; La truftbinaiue, opcra-ljoutVe,and afterwards of S. Giovanni in Laterauo,

ib., IbGl llomances auJ melodies. Futis, of the Santa Casa at Loreto mentioned
; — ;
Supplciueut, ii. 152. by Cereto in 1001 as among the most emi-

JI.iL EEGGENDO. See Tromlure. nent contemporaneous composers. Works
BIALZAT, JOHANX ]\nCHAEL, born in 32 motets for 4-8 voices Litanies for 8 ;
Vienna about 1730, died at Botzen, Tyrol, voices Madrigali a cinque voci (Vtuice, ;
in 1791. Virtuoso ou tlie oboe and the 1595).— Fetis.

English born, pujiil of his father, who wa.s M.AN'CINI, FRANCESCO, born in Naples
imperial chamber musician. For several in 1674, died there in 17."59. Dramatic com-
years in the service of the Archbishop of poser, pupil of Francesco Durante at the
Salzburg, he made concert tours through Conservatorio di San Loreto, of which lie
France, Italy, and Switzerland, creating became first master in 1720. He conducted
much enthusiasm, and settled at Botzen, to the orchestra of the Teatro San Bartolo-
teach. Works 3 symphonies concertautes,
: meo ; was appointed second master of the
for oboe and horu 2 do., for oboe and ; royal cbajjcl in 1709, and first master in
bassoon concertos for oboe, horn, and
; 1728. Works— Operas : Alfonso, 1G97 ;
other instruments 3 sextets for oboes 4 ; ; L' Ariovisto, 1702 ; Gli amanti geuerosi,
quintets for oboes antl flutes 11 quartets ; 1705 ; Alessandro il Grande in Sidoue,
for various instruments. — Fetis ; Mendel ; 170G ; Engelberto, 1709 ; II Mario fuggitivo,
Schilling. 1710 ; Artaserse re di Persia, II gr'an Mo-

M'A:MI, M'ASII. See Hallo in Maschera. gol, 1713 ; Ilcavaliere brettoue, 1720 ; Tra-
JLiNCHICOUKT (Maucicourt), PIEKKE, jano, 1723 ; Orontea, 1728 ; Alessiuidro
born at BOthuuc (.irtois) about 1510, died uelle Indie, with the intermezzo. La Levan-
at Madrid, July, 15G1. Church composer, tina, 1732 ; Idaspe ; H Maurizio ; Music to
canon at Arras, then choir-master at the the drama, genere umauo in cateue Bur-
II ;
Cathedral of Tournay went to Antwerp in ; lesque scenes to Handel's Agrippinii. Ora-

1558, and was called to Madrid in 1560, to torios L' area del tcstamento in Gerico,
:
succeed Nicolas Payen as maestro do ca- H laccio jjurpureo di Raab ; Elia ; L' amor
pilla to Philip II. Works Cantiones mu- : diviuo trionfanto uella morte di Cristo.
siciu (Paris, 1539) Modulorum musicalium;

IMaguificat for eight voices Cantatas and
;
(ib., 1545) Liber quintus cantiouum sa-

; other music. —Fetis ; do.. Supplement, iL
crarum, etc. (Louvaiu, 1558) Missa quatuor ; 154 Mendel Schilling.
; ;
vocum, etc. (Paris, 15GS) other masses and ;

at Bar- ILVNDANICI, PL.VCIDO, born
various church music, in Genoa, June
diflereut collec- cellona, Sicily, in 1798, died in
tions of the 16th century.— Fetis; Mendel. G, 1852. Dramatic composer, first in-
M.\NCENELLI, LUIGI, born at Orvieto, structed on the violoncello by count Nico-
Feb. 5, 1818, stiU living, 1889. Instrumen- laci, an amateur, who took him under his
tal and vocal composer, maestro di cajjpeUa protection, then pupil at the Conservatorio
at the Teatro Apollo, Home. Works : Mu- of Palermo, and, in 1824, of Kaimondi at
sic to Pietro Cossa's Cleopatra, IJome, 1877 ;
Naples, in conqwsitiou. Under contract
Imiuh, cantata, Norwich (England) Festival, to write ballet music for the royal theatres,
1887 ; Scene veueziane, symphonic poem, he lived in Naples until 1834, when be set-
1889 Albums of vocal melodies, for 1-2 tled in Jlilan, to teach the voice and compo-
;
voices ; Pianoforte music. — Fetis, Supple- sition. Works : L' isola disabitata, given at
ment, ii. 154. Naples, Teatro del Fondo, about 1824 ;
MANCINI, CUEZIO, Italian composer of Argeue, Teatro San Carlo, about 1825
ib., ;
the liomau school, in 1589-91 maestro di II marito di mia moglie, ib., Teati-o Nuovo,
MANELLI
•about 182G Gli araanti alia ])rova, ih., Blarcli 14, 1S52.
;
The music, composed in
Teatro del Foudo, about 1827 II scgreto, 1848-49, contains many numbers of great ;
Turin, Teatro Carignano, 1836 II rapi- beauty and grandeur. Overture in E- ;
meuto, Milan, 1837 II buoutenipouc della Uat. Part I. 1. Gesang der Geister, Dein
;
porta Ticinese, opera bufi'a, ib., 18-11 ; Maria Gebot zieht mich heraus, for solo quartet
degli Albizzi, Palermo, 1843 ; Griselda ; Bal- 2. Erscheinung eines Zauberbilde.s, O Gott,
lets ; Mass, and other sacred compositions ;
ist's so ; 3. Geisterbannflucli, Wenu dcr
A Gioaccliino Kossini, cantata. — Fotis ; do., Moud auf stiller Welle, for four basses ; 4.
Supplt'ineut, ii. 154. Alpenkuhreigeu, Horch, der Ton ! Part II.
MANELLI, FRANCESCO, called Ma- 5. Zwischenactmusik G. Rufung dcr Al- ;
iielli da Tivoli, born at Tivoli, Italy, begin- penfee, Du schOuer Geist mit deincm Haar
ning of 17tb century, died about 1G70. aus Licht 7. Hymuus der Geister Ari- ;
Dramatic composer, one of the fii'st to mau's, Heil imserm Meister, chorus 8. ;
compose operas. Works Andromeda, first Chorsatz, Wirf in den Staub dich 9. Chor-
: ;
opera given jiublicly in Venice, 1G37 La satz, Zermalmt den Wurm 10. BeschwO- ; ;
maga fulminata, ib., 1038 Temistocle, rung der Astarte, Schattcu Geist; Was ! !
Florence, 1G39 Alcale, ib., 1C42 Ercole immer du sei'st

; 11. Manfred's Anspruch ; ;
neir Erimanto, Piaceuza, 1G51 ; II ratto d' der Astarte, O hore, hor' mich, Astarte,
Eui-oi)a, ib., 1G53 I ; sei gigli, Fei-rara, Nachspiel. Part III. 12. Melodrainatisch,
IGGG.— Fotis ; Mendel. Eiu Friede kam auf mich ; 13. Abschied
MANENT, NICOLAS (according to Pou- von der Sonne, Glorreiche Scheibc ; 14.
gin, FRANCISCO), born at Mahon, Mi- Melodramatisch, Blick' nur hierher ; 15.
norca, June 22, 1827, still living, 1889. Schlussscene, Klostergesang, Requiem aiter-
Church and di'amatic composer, was flutist nam dona eis. Chorus. The overture, one
in the theatre orchestra of his native town, of Schumann's greatest, was published by
from his seventh to his fourteenth year Breitkopf & Hiirtel (Leipsic, 1852) the ;
;
went to Barcelona in 1847, and 2:ilayed the full score (ib., 1853). Overture arranged
double-bass in the Teatro Liceo there, un- for pianoforte for two hands by Schu-
til 1851, when he became maestro de ca- mann, for four hands by Carl Reiuecke,
jiilla at the parochial church of San Jaime. the other numbers without the overture,
Works 25 masses, mostly with orchestra for pianoforte for two and for four hands,
:
;
Requiems 2 Stabat Mater Misereres, O by A. Horn. The overture was first per-
; ;
salutaris, litanies, etc. La tajjada del retire, formed by the Philharmonic Society of
zarzuela, Barcelona, Teatro Liceo, 1853 New York in the season of 1858-59, and ;
IMaria, do., ib., 18GC Tres j)ara una, do., the entire music in 18G8-G9. ReLssmanu,
;
—
ib., Teatro Santa-Cruz, 1853 Gualtiero de Schumann, 161 Maitland, Schumann, 90
; ; ;
Monsonis, opera, ib., Liceo, 1857 El con- Allgem. nuis. Zeitg. (1863), 829 Neue Zeit. ; ;
vidado di jnetra, ib., Circo, 1875 El pozo de fiir Mus. (188G), 181 Hanslick, Concert- ; ;
la veridad, ib. Ballets El carnaval de Ve- wesen in Wien, ii. 175 Grove Waldersee,
; ; ; ;
necia Apolo
; La perla de Oriente La Sammlung musikalischer Vortrilge, ii. 1 iv.
; ; ;
contrabandista de rumbo, and others, ib. 96.

— Fi'tis, Supplement, ii. 155 Mendel. MANFRED, symphony by Tschaikow-
;
MANFRED, music to Byron's poem of, sky, op. 58, first performed in Moscow,
for soli, chorus, and orchestra, by Schu- April 15, 1886 by the Philharmonic So- ;
mann, op. 115, first performed in Leipsic, ciety of New York, Dec. 4, 1886. It is
March 24, 1859. The overture, first repre- dedicated to Mily Balakirev. lu four ta-
sented en scene, Nov. 23, 1863, had pre- bleaux after Byron. I. Manfred dans les
viously been given at the Gewaudhaus, Alpes (Lento lugubre) II. La fee des Alpes ;
MANFREDI
(Vivace con spirito) ; III. Pastorale (An- of Galuppi in St. Petersburg, he retired in
dante con luoto) ; IV. Le palais souterrain 17C9 to Bologna, where he devoted him-
d'Arimaue, Moit de Manfred (Allegro con self to literary pursuits. Works Operas: —
fuoco). Published by Turgenson (Moscow Olimpiade Alessandro nell' ludie, and ;
and St. Petersburg, 18SG) by Felix Mac- others Ballets G sonatas for haii)sicliord
;
; ;
;
ker (Paris). Arranged for the j)ianoforte Didactic writings. —Fetis ; Mendel ; Schil-
for four bands. — Krebbiel, Review (188G ling.
-87), 58. MANFROCE, NICOLA ANTOXIO, born
MANFREDI, FILIPPO, born at Lucca, at Palnii, Calabria, Feb. 20, 1791, died in
Italy, in 1729, died there, July 12, 1777. Naples, July 9, 1813. Dramatic compo.ser,
Virtuoso on the violin, jiupil of Tartiiii pupil of Tritto in Naples an<l of Zingarelli
;
closely allied with his counti-yman Bocche- in Rome. Works Operas Alzira, Rome, — :
rini, the two friends started, in 17G9, on 1810 ; Piramo e Tisbe ; Ecuba, Naples,
a concert tour through Lombardy, Pied- 1813. Cantatas : Ai-mida ; La nascita d' AI-
mont, and Southern France to Paris, where cide. Miserere, for 3 choruses ; G .symijho-
Manfredi created much enthusiasm by his nies, for orchestra ; 3 Masses Vespers ; ;
playing in Boccherini's trios and quartets. Airs ; Duets. — Fetis ; do.. Supplement, ii.
Pi-oceeding to Jladrid, they were loaded 155 ; Mendel ; do., Ergjinz., 258.
with favors by the Infante Don Luis, who MANGOLD, (JOHANX) WILHELM,
made Manfredi first violinist of his cham- born in Darmstadt, Nov. 19, 179G, died
ber music; and returned to Lucca in 1773. there, May 23, 1875. Son and pupil of
Works : Several concertos for violin ; Mangold (17G7-1835) on the violin,
Trios Georg
for strings ; G soli for violin ; C sonatas for and pupil of Rinck and Abt Vogler in
do., with bass. — Fetis ; do., Suppk'ment, theory was violinist in an orchestra at the
;
ii. 155 ; Jlendel. age of fourteen, studied at the Paris Con-

MANFREDINI, FRiiLNCESCO, born at servatoire in 1815-18, under Mehul and
Bologna in 1G73, died (?). Virtuoso on the Cherubini. Returning to Darmstadt about
violin, elected member of the Accademia 1819, ho became court musician and Con- <
Filarmouica in 1704. Works : Concertini zertmeister ; appointed Court Kapellmeister

par camera a violino e violoncello (Bologna, in 1825, he retained the jiosition until 1858,
170i) Sinfonia da chiesa a due violini con when he was pensioned.
; Works Operas — :
r organo obligato e viola ad libitum (ib., Merope, 1823 Die vergebliche ; Graf Ory ;
1709) ; Concerti a due violini e basso, con Vorsicht. Ciicilia, cantata; Music for Die
viola 8 violini di riuforzo (ib., 1718). —

Fe- beiden Galeercn-Sclaven, JIacbeth, and The
tis. Mei-chaut of Venice, cantatas ; Symphonies ;
MANFREDINI, VINCENZO, Quintet for wind instruments

born at Overtures ;
Pistoja, Italy, first half of 18th century, Quartets for strings Music for horn or I
;
died at Bologna, i^robably before 1800. clarinet and pianoforte JIusic for violin ;
Dramatic composer, and writer on music, Choruses and songs. Fetis; Mendel; —
pupil at Bologna of Perti, and at Milan of Schilling.
Fioroni. In 1755 he went to St. Peters- MANGOLD. KARL (LUD^HG .\M.\ND).
burg, with a company of singers, and born in Darmstadt, Oct. 8, 1813, died in
through the composition of some spirited Loudon, Oct. 31, 1887. Pupil of his father
ballet music won the favor of the Empress, and of his brother, Wilhelm Mangold stud- ;
who chose him as instructor on the piano- ied in 183G-39 at the Paris Conservatoire ,
forte for the Grand-duke Paul, whose cham- under Berton and Bordogui, also received
|
ber music he afterwards also conducted, instruction from Neukomm and Saussaye.
Finding his star waning, after the arrival Returning to Lis native city, he became ,
MANNA
director of the Musikvcrcin in 1S30, the Jacopo di Valcnza, Trieste, 1832 Prcziosa, ;
Siingerkranz, the CilciUa, and in 1809-75, of Casal Maggiore, 1845 ; II profeta velato,
the Mozartvereiu was director of the court Trieste, 184G.
;
Cantata 18 masses 30 ; ;
music in 184S-G9, when he was pensioned. psalms 20 hymns j\Iuch other church mu-
; ;
He was jiojivilar throughout Germany sic Overtures

; Concert i)ieccs. Ft'tis,
; —
through his quartets for male voices. Supjik'ment, ii. 157 La Scena (Trieste, ;
—
Works Operas Das Kolilcrmildchen; ;
18G4), No. G, 21-24 Mendel, Ergiinz., ;
Tannhiiuscr Gndrun DorurOschen. Con-

; ;
251) ; L' Osservatore triestino (18G4), No.
cert dramas Fritlijof Hermann's Tod Ein
: ; ; 12G ; Wurzbach.
Morgen am Rhein Barbarossa's Erwachen ; ;
MANNS, FERDINAND, born at Witzen-
Dcs Miidcheu's Klage, dramatic scene hausen on the Werra, Aug. 27, 1844, still
Die Hermaniisschlacht, concert-melodrama. living, 1889. Instrumental composer, pu-
Oratorios Wittekind Abraham Israel in
; ; ; pil of Otto Kraushaar at Cassel, since 180G
der Wiiste. Elysium, symphony-cantata ;

member of the theatre orchestra at Bremen.
Die Weislieit des Mirza Schaflfy, cantata for Works Entr'actes for di-amas, mostly per-
:
male chorus, soli, and orchestra, 187G 2 ; formeil at Bremen Other orchestral music ; ;
symphonies Chamber music

; Quartets, ;
Quintets, quartets, and trios for strings
songs, and choruses. Mendel Kiemann — ; ;
Concert pieces and sonatas for violin and
Fotis. for violoncello, with pianoforte, etc. Men- —
MA.NNA (Manni), born in GENNAEO, del.
Naples in 1721, died there in 1788. Dra- MANNSTADT, FRANZ, born at Bielefeld,
matic and church comjaoser, studied at the July 8, 1852, still living, 1889. Pianist,
Conscrvatorio di Loreto in Naples suc- ; pupil of Erlich at Stern's Conscrvatorium in
ceeded Durante there in 1756 as teacher of Berlin, where he became instructor of pi-
composition. Works Ojieras Adriano — : anoforte in 1879, having first been Kajiell-
jilacato, given at Ferrara, 1748 Eunienc, ; meisterat Mainz in 1874-7G, and conductor
Turin, 1750 Didone abbandonata, Venice,
; of the symphony orchestra in Berlin, from
1751 Siroo, ib., 1753
; Achille in 8ciro, ; 187G. He has published chamber music,
Milan, 1755 Temistocle, Piacenza, 17G1
; pianoforte pieces, and songs. Mendel —
II trionfo di Maria Vergine assunta in Riemann.
Cielo, oratorio ; Saci-ed cantata ; Pastoral MANNSTADT, '^TLHELM, born at
Masses ; Psalms ; Motets, and other chui-cli Bielefeld, May 30, 1837, still living, 1889.
music. —Fotis ; Mendel; Dramatic composer, self-taught, having first
Schilling.
MANNA, RUGGIERO, born in Trieste, been a merchant and manufacturer then ;
April G, 1808, died at Cremona, May 14, led a wandering life as actor. Kapellmeister
18G4. Dramatic and church composer, son of small opera troupes, and manager, until
of the singer Carolina Bassi, and pupil in he settled in Berlin in 18G5. For several
Milan of Vincenzo Lavigna, at Bologna of years he was connected with the minor
Doiielli on the pianoforte and of Mattel in theatres there, and conductor of musical
counterpoint, finally in Vienna of Czerny on societies he wrote and composed more than ;
the pianoforte, of Mayseder on the violin, fifty comedies, farces, operettas, etc., and
and of Stadler and Weigl in counterpoint. in 1874 published Der Kunstfi'eund, an art
After his return to Trieste in 1832, he be- periodical. Mendel Riemann. — ;
came maestro concertatore at the theatre, MANON, opera-comiqiie in three acts,

and in 1835 maestro di cappella of the ca- text by Meilhac and Gille, music by Mas-
thedral, acting later also as musical dii-ector senet, first represented at the Oi>era Co-
of the theatre there. Works — Opei-as miqiie, Paris, Jan. 19, 1884, with great
Fraucesca da Rimini (never performed) ;
success. It is one of the best modern
MANON
Freuch operas. Subject, from the Abbu torio ; Les disciples d'Einmafis, a niysteiT,
j
romuuce, " Histoire dii Chevalier

Pri'vost's for 3 voices, chorus, and orchestra Les ;
Desgrieux et de Jlaiion Lescaut " (Paris, deux Espagnols, opera-boufTe, Paris, 1854 ;
1733). Original Cast : La bourse, ou la vie, opc'ra-comique, ib. La ;
premiere pieiTe de I'eglise d'Argis, a AVal-

Manon Lescaut (S.) Îme Heilbroim.
Le chevalier Desgrieux (T.). . . .M. Talazac.
lachian legend. — Fetis ; Larousse Mendel.
;
De Bretigny (B.) K Taskiii.

MANSFELDT, EDGAR. See rkrsov,
Henry Hugo.
The opera was given iu Loudon in Alay, ]\L\NSL"i^ FRANyOLS CHARLES, boni
1885 ; in New York, with Minnie died at Lyon.s, Hauk as at Amsterdam, Feb. 18, 1783,
Manon, Dec. 23, 188.5.— Signale (1884), October, 1847. Instrumental composer, pu-
151 Athenseum (1885), G39
; Krehbiel, pil of his father, then studied chiefly after the
;
Review (1885-86), 80. works of Bach, acquiring a marvellous facil-

M.\NON LESCAUT, ballet-pautoniimo ity, and won much applause on concert tours
in three by Scribe, music by through Germany and France.
acts, text Having
Halevy, first represented at the Acadt'mie lived and taught the pianoforte, successively
Royale de IMusique, Paris, May 3, 1830. at Lille, Lyons, Bordeaux, and Nantes, be
BL\NON LESCAUT, opcra-comique iu finally settled at Lyons. Works Au opera, :
three acts and five tableaux, text by Scribe, given at Nantes ; Symphony for orchestra ;
music by Auber, first represented at the Overture for do. 2 concertos for pianoforte ;
Opc'ra Comique, Paris, Feb. 23, 185G. Sub- and orchestra Quintet for pianoforte, ;
ject, from the Abbe Provost's romance. strings, and horn do. for strings Pasto- ; ;
Original cast rale en trio, for pianoforte and strings

Duos, nocturnes, sonatas, for pianoforte and
Manon Lescaut (S. ) Mme Cabcl. other instruments Sonata.s, fant^tisies, rou-
;
Marguerite (A.) Mile Lemercier.

deaux, canons, fugues, etc., for pianoforte.
Le chevalier Desgrieux (T.) M. Puget.
Le marquis d'Huriguy (B.) M. Paure.
Fetis Mendel.
. . . . !
— ;
M.\NTroS, EDUARD, Ijorn in Sohweriu,
Published by Bote & Bock, and by Jan. 18, 1806, died at Ilmonau, Thuringia,
Schlesiuger (Berlin) by Simrock (Bonn) ; ;
July 4, 1874. Studied law at Rostock and
by Heiurichshofen (Magdeburg) by lli'pzsa- ;
Leipsio ; iu the latter place became pupil of
vi'plgyi (Pesth), and by Haslinger and by Pohlenz in singing, and later studied under
—
Spina (Vienna). Ck'ment et Larousse, 427 ;
Naueuburg in Halle. Ho made his dobut
Revue et Gazette musicale de Paris (185G), in Berlin in 1830 at the royal opera, and re-
66. mained there as tenor until his retirement
:>LVNRY, CHARLES CASDIIR, appearing in 152 characters. The born in in 1857,

Paris, Feb. 8, 1823, died there, Jan. 18, rest of his life was spent in teaching sing-
1866. Church composer, studied law, but ing. Works Licder with pianoforte ac- :
an independent fortune allowing him to companiment.— Mendel Schilling Fi'tis ; ; ;
follow his preference for music, he became .Ulgem. d. Biogr., xx. 272.
a pupil of Ehvart in harmony and counter- M.INZONT REQUIEM. See nequiem,
point. His first mass was performed in Verdi.
1844. Works : 5 masses ; 8 motets ; To MAOilETTO SECONDO, Italian opera
Deum, and other church music ; Symphony iu three acts, text by the Duke Ventiguano,
and a serenade for orchestra music by Rossini, first represented at the
; Trio for
strings ; 3 quartets for do. Teatro San Cario, Naples, during the car-
; Duo for piano-
forte and violin La sorciere des eaux, an nival of 1820. The opera was remodelled
;
orchestral overture Les Natchez, au ora- as Le siajti de CoriDthc.

;
Published by
MAIIAIS
Ru'onli (Milan). Other operas of the same at Pola in 1730-38, then went as Camer-
title, German, throe acts, text by Hinsch,
in lingo to Brescia, after a brief stay in Ven-
music by Reiuhard Keiser, Hamburg, Iti'JG ;
ice. He was a member also of the Pastori
in French, three acts, text by Saulnier, mu- Arcadi at Rome, and iu 1712 was chosen
sic by Jadin, Paris, Oct. lo", 1803 in Ital- ; Cavaliere to the Filarmouici of Bologna.
ian, text by Romani, music by Peter von Besides his mu.sical gift, he was an eloquent
Winter, Milan, Jan. 28, 1817, Darmstadt, writer, and a poet of above the average
1821 and Mahmoud, English opera by merit. As a composer, he ranks with the
;
8torace, London, 1796. — Edwards, Rossini, greatest of his time. He owed most of his
221 ; Escudier, Rossini, 155. nuisical forms to Lotti, and the influence of
MARAIS, MARIN, born in Paris, March Clari is distinctly to be felt in his style
31, 165G, died there, Aug. 15, 1728. Vir- but the poetic expressiveness, and daring
tuoso on the viol da gamba, and dramatic originality of his themes, together with the
composer, pujiil of Hottemaun and of Sainte- variety of the effects he produced, were all
Colombe, and in comijosition of Lully. He his own. He composed music iu almost
was solo player in the king's chamber music every form then in vogue, but his fifty
in 1 G85-1725. Works —
Operas Alcide (with : Psalms are his best known work, as well as
Louis de Lully), 1G93 Ariane et Bacchus, ; the most enduring monument of his great-
169G Alcioue, 170G Si'mele, 1709 Trios
;
; ; ness. A MS. pamphlet attributed to him,
for flute, violin, and viol da gamba Many ; entitled "Lettera famigliare d' un Accade-
pieces for viol da gamba. His son Roland mico filarmonico," anonymously circulated
was also a distinguished artist on the same in Venice, in which some of his master
instrument, and succeeded him as solo plaj-- Lotti's comijositious were severely handled,
er in 1725. He composed cantatas and made a good deal of noise at the time.
music for viol da gamba, and published I. Published Works : Concerti a cinque
Nouvelle mutliode de musique (1711). Fo- — istromenti, op. 1 (Venice, Sala, 1701) ; So-
tis do., Suiiplement, ii. 159
; Mendel Rie- ; ; nata di cembalo, op. 2, ib., Giuditta, ora-
mauu. torio per musica (Venice, Domenico Lovisa,
MARCELLO, BENEDETTO, born in 1710) Sonate a cinque e flauto solo col ;
Venice, Aug. 1, 1G8G, basso continuo (Venice, Sala, 1712) Can- ;
'' '
'' '
died in Brescia, July zoni niadrigalesche ed Ario per camera a
21, 1739. He was due, a tre, a quattro voci, etc., op. 4 (Bo-
of noble family, the logna, Silvaui, 1717) II teatro alia moda, o ;
sou of Agostino sia metodo sicuro e facile per ben compori'e

Marcello and Paola cd eseguire le opere italiane in musica, etc.
Capello pujîl
; iu (a famous prose satire, Venice, 1720 other ;
music of Lotti and eds., ib., 1727, 1733, 1738 Florence, Piatti, ;
Gasparini ; first 1811) ; Estro poetico-arraonico, parafrasi

studied the violin, sopra i prinii venticinque salmi, poesia di
but soon ajiplied Girolamo Ascanio Giustiuiani, musica di
himself wholly to singing and composition. Benedetto Marcello, etc. (Venice, Lovisa,
His father sent him from home to study 1721, 1 vols.) Estro poetico-armonico, pa- ;
law ; but, after his father's ideath, he

secondi venticinque salmi, re- rafrasi sopra
turned to Venice and combined his musical etc. (ib., ib., 1726-27, 4 vols. other eds. of ;
studies with the practice of his profession. the whole London, Avison, 1750, with :
He held several important government English text Venice, Domenico Pompeati, ;
posts, was a member of the Council of 175- ib., Sebastiano Valle, 1803-08, 8 ;
Forty for fourteen years, was Proveditore vols. ; 50 Salmi di Davidde parafrasati da
MAllCELLf)
Giustiniani, a 2, 3, e 1 voci, in partitura, detto Marcello, etc. (Venice,
Picotti, 1830 ;
con accompaguamento di pianoforte, etc. reprinted in the same author's Storia

della
Paris, Carli, 4 parts iu 12 books) Some musica sacra, etc., p. 173-220) Crevel do
;
;
collections of verses, sonnets, plays, and Charlemagne, Sommaire de la

vie et dea
burlesque poems. ouvrages de Benedict Marcello (Paiis, Du-
II. Works in MS. : Calisto in Orsa, pas- vcrger, 1841) ; Fi'tis.
torale a cinquo voci ad uso di scena (libretto MARCELLO, :MARC0 iURCELLIAXO,
published, Venice, Lovisa, 1725) ; La fede born at San Gerolamo Lupatolo, Province
riconosciuta, dramma i)er musica, Viccuza, of Verona, Italy, about 1817, died at Milan,
1702, revived iu 1720 as La commedia di July 25, 18G5.
Pianist and writer on mu-
Doriuda (libretto published) Arianna, in-
pupil of ^lercadante at Novara, and at
; sic,
treecio seeuico musicale a cinque voci (li- Naples. In 1818 he settled at Turin to
bretto published, Venice, n. d.) Lettera teach the pianoforte and singing, founded
;
famigliare d' uu Aecademico filarmonico ed a theatrical journal there in 1854, and trans-
Arcade, discorsiva sopra un libro di duetti, ferred it to I\Iilau iu 185!). He furnished
terzetti e madrigali a stampato in about thirty librettos to various dramatic
piii voci,
Veuezia da Antonio Bartoli, 170.3 (anony- composers, and also translated into Italian
mous diatribe against Lotti) Teoria musi- those of several French opcra.s. Works
;
cale ordinata alia moderna prattica, etc. 2 ojêras Masses for 3 voices and organ ;
;
(written in 1707) Alcuni avvertimenti al Miniera teatrale, a series of divertissements

;
Veneto Giovauetto Patrizio, etc. Cassan- on operatic themes Mazzolino primaverile,

; ;
dra, cantata for 1 voice and continue Ti- 10 dances in form of etudes Ai'c-en-ciel, col-
; ;
nioteo, do. for 2 voices, on Contis transla- lection of pianoforte pieces Sere d'autunno, ;
tion of Dryden's "Alexander's Feast; G ariettas. Fetis, Supplement, ii. ICO.

'
—
Sereuata da cantarsi alia corte di Vienna il JIARCELLUS iI.\SS. See MU^ Papro
primo d' ottobre 172.5 2 comic madrigals Marcelli.
;
for 4 voices ; Lettera scritta dal signor Carlo JIARCHAND, LOUIS, born in Lyons,
Antonio Benatti alia signora Vittoria Tesi, Feb. 2, 1GG9, died iu
-/?-«K.
posta in musica dal jMarcello Gioas, ora- ; Paris, Feb. 17, 1732.
torio for 4 voices and instruments La ; He was organist of
Psiche, iutreccio musicale a cinque voci the cathedral at Ne-
2G cantatas for 1 voice with instruments ; vers in 1G84, later at
27 duets with continuo Many cantatas for ; Auxerre, and about
a female voice with clavecin Miserere for ; 1797 at the Jesuit
2 tenors and bass jMass for 4 voices and
; Church iu Paris ; re-
orchestra 2 masses, of which one is with
; ceived similar ap-
organ Lamentazioni di Geremia Tantum
; ; lôintments at several
ergo, 6 voc, in canon In oranem terram, ; other churches there,
do. Salve Regina, 7 voc, in canon II iri-
; : and finally in the roy.il chapel at Versailles,
onfo della poesia e della musica nel cele- He was exiled in 1717, and became engaged
brarsi la morte, la esaltazioue, e la incoro- in a contest with Bach in Dresden, but so
sign.alwas his defeat that he returned to
Paris and became a music teacher. Works:
Pyrame et Thisbe, opera Book of organ ;
pieces ;3 books of pianoforte pieces. Fc- —

nazionc di Maria, sempre vergino, nssunta tis ; Riemann Mendel Schilling Gerber.
; ; ;
in cielo, oratorio sagi'O a 6 voci, 1733. M.\RCHE DES D.WIDSBUNDLElt

CaflS, Della vita e del comporro di Bene- See Carnaval.
MAllClIE
MARCHE FUNi^BRE. See TrMia. professor at iho Cologne Conservatorium in

MARCHE INDIENNE. HeeL\-lfricai>ir. 18G5-GS ; and again professor in Vienna in
]\IARCHE jMAROCAINE, for the piauo- 18G9-7S. Among her pupils were Mmo
forte, Meyer. Arranged l)y Schuch-Proska, Miles Smeroschi and d'Au-
by Leopold ile
Berlioz for orchestra, published by Escu- geri, lima di Murska, Gabriello Kraus, and
dier (Paris). Etelka Gerster. The Emperor of Austria
JtARCH OF THE MONKS OF B.\N- conferred upon her the Cross of Merit of
GOR, cantata for male chorus, tenor solo, the first class, and she has received manj'
and orchestra, by George E. "Whiting, op. medals and decorations. Works 24 vo- :
40, first performed by the Apollo Club, Bos- calises pour soprano Exercices clemen-
;
ton, Feb. 28, 1887. taires Vocalises pour una, deux et trois
;
MARCHENBILDER, 4 pieces for piano- voix Etudes d'agilitc avec paroles Ecole
; ;
forte and viola, by Schumann, op. 113, Marchesi, I'Ai't du chant. —

Ft'tis, Supph'-
composed in 1851, dedicated to J. von ment, ii. 1G2 Mendel, vii. 55 Riemaun
; ; ;
Wasielewsky. I. Nicht schnell, in D minor Grove.;
n. Lebhaft, in F. III. Rasch, in D minor ;

MARCHESI, S.VLVATORE, Cavaliere de
IV. Laugsam, mit melancholischem Aus- Castrone, Marchese della Rajata, born in
druck, in D major. Published by Carl Palermo, Jan. 15, 1822, still living, 1880.
Luckardt (Cassel, 1852). Arranged for jji- Pupil of Raimondi in his native town, and
anoforte for four hands by F. G. Jansen. of Lamperti and Fontana in Milan. Hav-
MARCHENERZAHLUNGEN, 4 pieces ing taken part in the revolution of 1848,
for clarinet (ad libitum violin), viola, and he was forced to leave Italy, and going to
pianoforte, by Schumann, op. 132, com- America, made his debut in New York.
posed in 1853, dedicated to Albert Die- On his return to Europe he settled in Lon-
trich. I. Lebhaft, nicht zu schnell, in B-flat don and studied under Garcia married ;
II. Lebhaft iind sehr markirt, in G minor Mile Graumann in 1852, and with her
;
III. Ruhiges Tempo, mit zartem Ausdruck, made concert tours in Germany, England,
in G IV. Lebhaft, sehr markirt, in B-flat. and Belgium.

;
He has appeared success-
Published by Breitkopf & Hiirtel (Leipsic, fully in opera, and taught singing in the
1854). Arranged for pianoforte for four Vienna and Cologne Conservatoriums.
hands by F. G. Jansen. Since 1881 he has lived in Paris. Works
]\L\RCHESE DI TULIPANO, PL, Italian French, German, and Italian songs Jlt'- ;
opera in two acts, music by Paisiello, first thode de chant Sei nuovi canti siciliani
;
;
represented in Rome in 176C. Given in Riassunto dell' arte del canto, a series of 20
Berlin, Jan. 19, 1812. Cherubini inserted vocal exercises. He has also translated
six airs in this opera in 178G. many librettos and is author of a book,
;
MARCHESL MATHILDE DE CAS- Relazioue sugli Instrument! musicali quali

TRONE, born (Graumanu) in Frankfort- erano rappresentati all' Esposizione univer-
on-the-Main, March 2G, 182G, still living, sale di Vienna nel Giugno (1873).— Fctis,
1889. Pupil of Nicolai in Vienna in 1843, Supplement, ii. IGl Riemann Grove ; ; ;
and of Garcia in Paris in 1845 removed Mendel.

;
to London in 1849, and became well known MARCHESI, TO:\IMASO, born at Lis-
as a concert singer, appearing with success bon, March 7, 177G, died at Bologna after
in Holland, Belgium, Germany, France, and 1840. Instrumental and vocal composer,
Switzerland, as well as in England. She pupil in Venice of Grazioli, and of Padre
married Signer Marchesi in 1852 was pro- Martini in composition. Having conducted
;
fessor of singing at the Vienna Conserva- ojjera in several places near Bologna, he
torium in 1854-01 taught in Paris was was engaged in the same capacity at Bo-
; ;
mai;(iii-:tti
logna for twenty-two j-o.ars, aiul afterwards the music is well written and interesting.
tauglit singing ami coiuposition. Until There is no overture. Same title, opera-
about 1840 he superintended the music in comiijue in one act, by Steveniers, Brus-seLs,
all the churches of Bologna. His composi- Dec. 3, 1862.— Clement et Larousse, -129 ;
tions, consisting of church music of various Rev. et Gaz. musicale de Paris (1859), 318.
description, cantatas, overtures, arias, and JIAREK, LOUIS, born iu Galicia in
other vocal music, remain in manuscript ; 1837, still living, 1889. Pianist, pupil of
he could not be induced to publish any of Liszt, won brilliant success on concert
them. — ]\Iendel. tours through Russia and Austria, and set-
MAKCHETTI, FILIPPO, ham at Bolo- tled at Lemberg, to teach. His composi-
gnola, nearCamcrino, tions for the pianoforte are superior.
Feb. 26, 1835, still JM.VRENZIO, LUCA, born at Coccaglia,
living, 1889. Dra- between Bergamo and Brescia, 1550-60,
matic composer, pu- died iu Rome, Aug. 22, 1599. His parents
pil of Bindi, then at were poor villagers, but his earlier biogi-a-
the Conservatorio San phers unite in claiming for him descent froiH
Pietro a Majella, a noble family of Bergamo or Bresciji.
in Naples, of Giu- When very young ho went as choir-boy to
seppe Lillo and Carlo Brescia, where the Archpriest Andrea Ma-
Conti. Settled in ^^y.> zetto detected his talent and took him un-
Rome, to teach sing- der his j)atronage. He studied nuisic un-
ing, but three years later went to Milan. der Giovanni Coutini. In 1580 he was in
Since 1881 he has been president of the Venice, where his first book of 5-voice mad-
Accademia di Sta. Cecilia, Bonie. Works rigals was p\iblished in that year, to be
Operas Gentile di Varano, Turin, 185(5 La
: ; followed liy eight other books, one every
demente, ib., and Rome, 1857 II Paria, ib., ; year (except 1588), until 1589. Six books
1858 Romeo eGiulietta, Trieste, 1865 liuij
; ; of 6-voice madrigals appeared also at inter-
Bias, Milan, La Scala, 1869 L' amore alia ; vals from 1582 to 1590. New editions
prova, Turin, 1873 Gustavo Wasa, Milan,
; appeared rapidly, and in 1593 P. Phalesius
1875 Don Giovanni d' Austria, Turin, 1880.
; published a complete edition. Foirr-voice
Overture Chceur do Corsaii-es Ave Maria
; ; madrigals were published between 1592
—
Vocal compositions. Fctis, Supplement, ii. and 1608, and five books of 3-voice Villa-
163 Riemaun Mendel.
; ; nelle aUa napoletana appeared (also at Ven-
JLUICO AURELIO, Italian opera in ice) from 1584 to 1605. Marenzio was in
three acts, text by Tcrzago, music by Stef- Rome iu 1582 and twice in 158-1, remaining
fani, first represented in Munich, in 1681. the last time until July 15, 15S5, having held
A MS., thought to be the conducting score, the post of maestro di cappella to the Car-
is in Buckingham Palace. Grove. —
dinal d' Este. About 1587 he went to Po-
JIARl'XlHAL FEKRANT, LE (The Far- land to occupy a post at court with a salary
rier),French opera-comique in two acts, ofone thousandscudi perannuin heremain- ;
text by Qui'tant and Anseaume, music by ed there several years, and was held in the
Francois Andre Danican Philidor, first rep-highest honour and knighted by Sigismund
resented at the Theatre de la Foire Saint- ni, but the climate proving too severe for
Laurent, Paris, Aug. 22, 1761. Tlie scene him he returned in 1595 to Rome, where
passes in the shop of Marcel, the farrier. Cardinal Aldobrandiui (nephew of Clement
Characters represented Marcel Labride, VIII.) procured hiiu admission to the Pon-
: ;
a coachman Colin Claud ine and Jcan-

; ; ;
tifical Chapel. The story goes that he fell
nette. The libretto is iusiguiticant, but iu love with a lady of his patron's family,
MAUESCALCIII
but he certainly did not inni-ry. Mareuzio through collections published in Italy,
Las been called tbe "Father of the Madri- Germany, and Belgium near the end of
gal," a term which iu no wise applies to the IGth and the beginning of the 17th
him ; for, instead of being the originator of centuries. —Ambros, iv. 85-90 ; "Winter-
that form, he was the composer who brought feld, "Joh. Gabrieli u. sein Zeitalter," ii.
it Neither did he, as some 87-97.

to jjerfection.
have supposed, confine himself to madrigal MAEESCALCHI, LUIGI, born in Rome
writing he was also an imjjortant figure in 1740, died iu Naples early in 19th cen-
;
among the great church composers of his tury.Dramatic composer, pupil of Padre
day. Yet it was Bologna in 1770 he lived at
chiefly uiôn his madrigals Martini at ;
that his almost universal fame rested, even Venice, where ho had established a music
iu his own time. His style is singularly trade, which he transferred to Naples in
pure, facile, aud graceful. Although he 1785. Works Ojscras I disertori felici, — :
belonged definitely to the so-called " great Piacenza, 1784 Andromeda e Perseo, Rome, ;
jieriod of Italian music (being a contempo- 1784 Giulietta e Romeo, ib., 1789. Bal-
;
i"Rry of Giovanni Gabrieli and Palestrina), lets Meleagro, Florence, 1780 Le rivolu-
: ;
and died before the Florentine music re- zioni del seraglio, Naples, 1788 Concer- ;
form had begun to usher in the " beauti- tino for 15 instruments 4 quartets for ;
ful " or " Neajiolitan " period, his music strings Trios for do. Fetis Mendel ; — ; ;
constantly diverges from the severe diatonic Schilling.

style which was characteristic of his age. MARETZEK, MAX, born at Briiun, Mo-
For picturesque, poetic suggestiveness he ravia, June 28,
was unsurpassed by any of his contempo- 1821, still living,
raries. If, in his "tone-painting," he went 1889, iu New
into less minute details than Anerio and York. Conductor
some others, he caught the dominant tone and composer,
of the jioetry he was setting all the more graduate of the
surely, in this resembling Arcadelt and oth- University of Vi-
ers of the older madrigalists. Works 9 : enna studied ;
books of 5-voice Madrigals (Venice, Grar- medicine two

dauo, 1580-89 2d ed., ik, 159-4-1G09
; \ ;
years, and at the
also Antwerp, Phalesius & Bellerus, 1.593) same time the theory of music and compo-
G books of G-voice Madrigals (Venice, 1582- sition under Kapellmeister von Sej-fried.
1609 Antwerp, Phalesius, 1594-lGlO) In 1843 he wrote an opera, Hamlet, repre-
; ;
Madrigali a quattro voci (lib. i., Venice, sented in Briinn, and other cities then ;
1592-1G08) Motetti a 4 voci (lib. i., Ven- visited, as conductor of an orchestra, Ger-
;
ice, Vincenti, 1588 do., lib. ii., ib., 1592)

; many, France, and England, where he was
;
Motetti a 12 voci (Venice, 1G14) Sacri assistant to Balfe at Her ^Majesty's Theatre,
;
concentus quiuque, sex et sept. voc. (ib., London, in 1844. In 1848 he went to the
Piccioni, 1616) Completorium ac Anti-
; United States, and from 1849 to 1878 was
phonse sex voc. (Venice, 1595) 5 books ; manager of Italian ojjcra in New Yoi'k, Ha-
of Villanelle alia napoletana (ib., 1584- Mexico, and other cities.
vana, Works :
1G05 reprinted with German text, Nurem-

; Hamlet, opera iu 3 acts, given at Briinn,
berg, 1G06). Several madrigals have been 1843 Sleepy Hollow, English opera in ;
published in score iu Padre Martini's Saggio three acts, text by Gaylei", New York, Sep-
del contrappunto, Winterfeld's Johannes tember, 1879 Chamber and orchestral mu- ;
Gabrieli, etc., and Choron's Priucipes de sic ; Pianoforte music ; Songs.

Composition. Many more are scattered JMARGHERITA D' ANJOU, Italian opera
MAItlA
semi-seria, in three acts, textby llomani, three acts, text by Cammarano, music by
'
music by Meyerbeer, first represented at La Donizetti, first represented iu Venice, June

Scala, Milan, Nov. li, 1820. Mar;,'lierita, 5, 1843, with Tadolini, Ronconi, and Guas-
the widow of Henry IV., dees with her son co in the chief charactei-s. Subject, from
from Enghiud to France, where she receives Lockroys drama " Un
duel sous le Cardinal
protection and endeavours to regain her Richelieu." This opera was performed at
rights. The work was arranged for the the Theatre Italien, Paris, Nov. 20, 1843,
French stage by Crc'mont, test by Thomas and Covent Garden, London, May 8,
at
Sauvage, and given at the Odeon, Paris, 1847. It was fii-st given in New York, Dec.
March 11, 1826. Published by Diabelli 10, 1849. Published by Diabelli (Vienna).
(Vienna). Cherubini began an opera with — Allgem. mus. Zeitg., xlv. 085 xlvi. 778 ;
;
this title for Louis X\T., but it was not Edwards, Histoiy of the Opera, ii. 242
completed. Eight numbers exist in full Clement et Larousse, 432 Atbena-um ;
score. Other operas, same title, by Joseph (1847), .531.

AVeigl, Vienna, July 26, 1816 by Pacini, ; :\L\RIA DI RUDEXZ, Italian opera in
Naples, Nov. 19, 1827 and by Forli, 1832.
; three acts, text by Cammarano, music by
— .yigem. mus. Zeitg., xxiii. 24. Donizetti, first represented iu Venice, Jan.
JLUilA ANTOXL\ W.VLPURGIS, eldest 30, 1838. Publisheil by Hofmeister (Leii)-
daughter of the Elector of Bavaria, after- sic). — Allgem. mus. Zeitg., xl. 406.
wards Emperor Charles MI., born at Mu- iLiRIAGE DE FIGMiO, LE. See Xozze
nich, April 18, 1724, died at Dresden, April di Figaro.
23, 1780. Pianist, singer, and dramatic JLmL\GES S.iMNTTES, LES, opera-
composer, pupil of Porpora in singing, and comicjue in two acts, text by Rosoy, music
of Hasse in compo.sitiou, at Dresden, whither by Gretry, first represented at the Comedie
she came in 1747, married to the Electoral Italienne, Paris, June 12, 1776. Mozart
Prince of Saxony. She was an excellent art wrote eight variations on the march from
connoisseur, skilled in music, poetry, and this opera (Kochel, No. 352). Gretry, Es- —
painting, whose fame was spread through .sais sur la Musi(jue, i. 173.
the entire civilized world of her time. :\L\RLYNI, ANGELO, born in Riveuua,
Frederick the Great esteemed her highly and Oct. 11, 1822, died iu Genoa, June 13,
kept up with her a lively correspondence 1873. Pupil of Pietro Casolini on the vio-
until within a few months of her death. At lin and of Padre Livrini in harmony and
the performances of her operas she always counterpoint, later in Bologna of Rossini.
sang the principal part herself, and shone He made debut as conductor in Messina
his
through this talent also in the exclusive in 1844, then in ^lilan and Viceuza was ;
court circle. As a member of the Arcadians called to Copenhagen iu 1847, to conduct

in Rome she assumed the name of Erme- the orchestra of the court theatre, but re-
liuda Talia, Pastorella Arcada, under which signed to engage iu the Revolution of 1848.
she composed her poetiy and music, signing -After the war he went to Constantinople, re-
E. T. A. P. Works-Ôperas : II trionfo turned, in 1852, to conduct the orchestm at
della fedelta, 1756 Talestri, regina delle
; the Teatro Carlo Felice iu Genoa, and there
Amazzoni, 1765 6 arias 2 songs on poems
; ; established his great rejmtation as the best
for special occasions. —
Allgem. d. Biogr., xs. orchestra conductor in Italy sevei-al years ;
371 Fiirstenau, Beitriige, ii. 183 Miu-purg,

; ; after he occupied a similar position iu Bo-
Kritiscbe Beitriige, iii. 155 Petzholdt,
;
logna, but returned to Genoa a short time
Maria Antonia Walpurgis (Dresden, 1857) before his death. Works : La fidanzata del
"Weber, do. (Dresden, 1857). guerriero, cantata ; Gli esuli, do. Requiem ;
MARU DI EOH.\:S^ Italian opera in for King Christian VHI. ; Collections of

MAUI A
songs —Riinenibi-aiize del Bosforo ; 11 Tro- MARIE, oju'ra-comiquc in three acts,
vrttore nelhi Liguria ; II Colle di Cariguano ;

text by Planard, music by Hi'rold, first rep-
Album vocrile ; Eiinembranze di Areuzaiio ;
resented at the Opera Comitjue, Paris, Aug.
Liete e triste Eimembranze Otto jjezzi ; 12, 182G. The music includes many grace-
vocali ; Nuovo album vocale. — Futis, Sujj- ful melodies. Scene, in Switzerland plot ;
pk'ment, ii. 167 ; Mendel, Ergiiiiz., 2G0 ;

original. Published by Haslinger (Vienna,
liiemami, 551. 1828). Schubert wrote eight variations on
aiAKIA PADILLA, Italian opera, text by a theme from this opera, for the pianoforte
Rossi, music by Donizetti, first represented for four hands, op. 82, the MS. of which is
at La Scala, Milan, Dec. 29, 1841. Mme in the Ki'migliche Bibliothek, Berlin. Cle- —
Liiwe, Mme Abbadia, Douzelli and Ronconi ment et Larousse, 434 Allgem. mus. Zeitg., ;
sang the chief parts. Published by Ricordi XXX. 8G.

(Milan). MARIE MAGDELEINE, dramatic ora-
MARIA STUARDA, Italian opera, text torio in three acts, text by Louis Gallet,
by Bardari, music by Donizetti, first ref)re- music by Massenet, first performed at the
sented under the title Buondelmonte in Odcon, Paris, April 11, 1873. Characters
Naples, Oct. 18, 183-4 at La Scala, Milan, represented
; Mario Magdeleine, Mme Viar- :
as Maria Stuarda iu 1830. Malibrau ap- dot Marthe, Mmo Vidal Le IMaitre, M. ; ;
peared in the title-i'ole, and Toso-Puzzi as Bosquiu Judas, M. Petit. First given iu ;
Elizabetta. Pasta was very successful in America by the Lenox Hill Vocal Society,
the part of Maria Stuarda. Published by Chickering Hall, New York, April 7, 1886.
Ricordi (Milan). The score of this opera, English edition, translation by Henry S.
long lost, was recovered in 1SG3. Other Leigh, iiublished bj' Williams (London,
Italian operas on this subject by Casella, 1885).— Athenfeum (1874), i. 468 (1885), ;
Florence, 1813 by Mercadante, Bologna, ii. 250 Upton, Standard Cantatas, 242
; ; ;
1821 by Coccia, London, 1827 and Pa- Krehbiel, Review (1885-86), 214.
; ;
lumbo, Naples, April 23, 1874. Marie Stuart ARIENLIEDER (Songs of the Virgin), 7 M
en Ecosse, French opera in three acts, text songs for mixed chorus with pianoforte, text
by Planard, music by Fi'tis, Paris, Aug. 30, from old German songs, music by Brahms,
1823 opera in five acts, by Louis Nieder- ojj. 22. Part I. 1. Der englische Gruss 2.
; ;
nieyer, text by Theodore Anne, Paris, Dec. Maria's Kirchgang 3. Maria's Wallfahrt ; ;
G, 1844 ballet, Marie Stuart, by Piccinni, Part II. 4. Der Jiiger

; 5. Ruf zu Maria ; ;
Paris, 1815 and lyric melodrama for alto, 6. Magdaleua 7. Maria's Lob. Published
; ;
solo, chorus, and orchestra by Geyer, Ber- by Eieter-Biedermann (Leipsic and Winter-
lin, 183G. — Allgem. mus. Zeitg., xxxviii. thur). — Waldersee, Sammlung musikali-
312 ;
Queens of Song, ii. 21. scher Vortriige, ii. 349.
MARL\. STUART, overture to Schiller's aiARIN, (MARIE M.4IITIN) MARCEL
drama, by Georg Vierling, op. 14, jser- DE, born at Saint-Jean-de-Luz, near Ba-
formed Gewandhaus, Leijisic, Jan. yonue, Sept. 8, 1769, died at Toulouse (?)
at the
22, 1885. Published by Schlesiuger (Ber- after 1830. Virtuoso on the harp, son and
lin). Same title, cj'cle of songs for voice jjupil of Guillaumo Marcel de Marin (born,
and pianoforte, by Raff, op. 172, published 1737) studied violin imder Nardini in ;
by Siegel (Leijisic, 1874-79) Signale Italy and harp under Hochbrucker iu

;
(1885), 115. France, but was his own best master on

MARIA TERESA, symphony in C, by that instrument. After a second visit to
Haydn, first performed at Eszterluiz during Italy, in 1783, when he became a member
the visit of Maria Theresa, Sept. 1-3, 1773. of the Arcadians in Rome, he entered the
— Pohl, Haydn, ii. Gl. military school at Versailles, and left it in
MARIN ELLI
17SG as captain of tlragoons. Sliortly after I MARINI, BIAGGIO, bom in Brescia near
lie oljtaiiied a furlough, aud travelled iu Aus- the end of the ICtli century, died iu Pudua,
tria, Prussia, and Spain. As he was abseut about 1G60. He became maestro di cap-
from France on the breaking out of the pella of the Cathedral of Viceuza, occupied
Revolution he was classed among the emi- the .same position in his native city, and
grants, and earned a living in England by laterwent to Germany to enter the service
teaching. He returned to France under of theCount Palatine Wolfgang Wilhelm.
the Consulate, recovered his property, aud On his return to Italy iu l(i23 be was
retired to Toulouse. He was a remarkable ! appointed composer and first violin to the
amateur violinist, and as a harpist had no Duke of Parma. He played also several
rivals. His harj) music is classic. Works : other instruments. Works : Arias, madri-
Quintet for harp and strings Trios for ;
j
gals, psalms,and many other vocal pieces ;
strings Duet for harp and pianoforte

; G ; Chamber music, sonatas, ballets, and other
sonatas for harp 4 variations for do. ; ; instrumental music. —Fetis Gerber ileu- ; ;
Duet for harp aud violiu Variations for ; G7 Schilling, iv. 553 Wasielewski,
del, vii. ; ;
strings 12 songs with harp accomjjaui-

; Die Violiue, 27.
ment Unpublished compositions. Fetis
; — ; M.AR1NI, CARLO ANTONIO, born at
Mendel ; lliemann. Bergamo about the middle of the 17th
MARIXELLI, GAETANO, born iu Na- century. Violinist was employed iu the
;
ples iu 17G0, died at Oporto (?), Portugal, church of 8. ^L Maggiore in his native city.
after 1820. Dramatic comj'oser, studied at Works 12 sonatas for -1 and G iustrument.s,
:
the Conservatorio di Loreto in his native oiD. 3 Do., op. G aud 7

; Do. for violin and
;
city, aud was iu the service of the Elector basso contiuuo, op. 8 ; Balletti alia frauccse
of Bavaria, as court comi)Oser, iu 1790 ; be- a 3, op. 5 (Venice, 1G99). — Fi'tis.
fore that period he had been iu Madrid, M.A['iDnO FALIERO, Italian opera in
aud in 1817 was at Lisbon, and about 1820 two acts, text by Bidera, after Bj-ron, music
at Oporto, where he taught music. Works by Donizetti, first represented at the Thea-
— Ojêi'as Le tre rivali, ossia il matrimouio tre Italien, Paris, iu 1835.
: Original cast :
inaspettato, Eome, 1784, aud, as I quattro

Faliero Signor Ljiblachc.
rivali in amore, Naples, 1795 ; Gli uccellatori,
Signor Rubini.
Fernando
Florence, 178.5 II trionfo dell' amore,
;
Benevantauo Signor Tamburini.
ib., 178G moda, ib., 1788
II letterato alia
; ;
Gondoliere Signor Ivanhotf.
La rocchetta iu equivoco, ib., 1790 Quinto ;
Elena Mme Grisi.
Fabio, Rome, about 1790 Lucio Papirio, ;
dittatore, Naples, 1791 H villano al go- Given first in London, King's Theatre, May
;
veruo, ossia amore aguzza 1' iugegno, ib., 14, 1835 in New York, June IG, 1851. ;
1791 La vendetta di Medea, Venice, 1792

;
Published by Ricordi (Milan). Allgeni. :
—
II coucorso delle spose, ib., 1795 L'inte-mus. Zeitg., xxxviii. G78 Neue Zeitschr.,
;
;
re.ssc gabba tutti, Florence, 1795 ii. 149, IGl

Issipilc, Athemcuui (1835), 395. ;
;
ib., 179G La bizzarra contadina, ib., about

;
MARITAN.4., romantic opera in three
179G I due fratelli Castracaui, Padua,
;
acts, test by Fitzball, after the drama, "Don
1798 La morte di Cleopatra, Venice, 1800

;
C;esar de Bazan," music by William Viuceut ;
Alessaudro iu Efeso, Milan, 1810 L' equi- Wallace, first represented at Drury Lane,;
voco fortunato, ib., 1811 La finta princi- London, Nov. 15, 1845. This is the com-
;
pessa, ib., 1811 Gli accident! inaspettati

;
jjoser's best work, and is one of the most ;
La villanella semplice II baroue di Sarda popular of English operas. The libretto

;
fritta. II Baldassaro, oratorio Tobia e follows the di-ama very closely. Among the
;
Sara, cantata. Fetis. — best numbers are Maritiina's romance, :

MAKKliLL
"I Lear it again, 'tis the liarp in llic air ;" MARLIANI, Conte AURELIO, born in
" Of fairy waud bad 1 the power," duet be- Lombardy iu 1803, died at Bologna, June,
tween Don Josu aud Maritana "All tbe ; 1849. Dramatic composer ; spent Lis con-
world over, to love, to drink, to figbt I de- siderable fortune in the interests of the
light," sung by Don C;csar Lazarillo's song,
;
Carbonari, whose party he had joined, and,
" Alas those chimes so sweetly pealing "
! ; obliged to take refuge iu Paris, he settled
" Turn on, old Time, thine hour-glass," trio there to teach vocal music. The jierfection
by Don Cuesar, Don Jose, and Lazarillo ;
of Giulia Grisi's art was due to his lessons.
"Yes, let me like a soldier fall," sung by He
afterwards held the position of Spanish
Don CiBsar ;
" Scenes that are brightest," consul-general in Paris, and after the Revo-
by Maritana, and " In happy moments day lution of 1848 returned to his native coun-
by day," the words of which were written try, and took up arms iu her defence he ;
by Alfred Bunn. Original cast was killed during an attack on Bologna by

:
Maritana ^[iss Romer.

the Austrians. Works Operas II bravo, — :
given in Paris, Theatre Italien, 1834, Vi-

Don Csesar Mr. Harrison.
enna, 1835, Prague, Genoa, Naples, Pia-
Lazarillo Miss Poole.
ceuza, 183G Le marchand forain, Paris, ;
Don Jose Mr. Borrain.

Opera Comique, 1834 Li Xacarilla, ib., ;
King Mr. Phillips.

Opera, 1830 Ildegouda, Florence, 1841, Mi- ;
The opera was first given in New York, May lan, 1843. Canzoni, romances, etc. Fetis. —
4, 1848. It was sung at Her Majesty's, Lon- MARj\nON, symphonic overture to
don, iu Italian, with recitatives by Tito Scott's poem, by Dudley Buck, first given
Mattel, in December, 1880. —
AtheuEcum in Brooklvn, in 1880.
(1845), 1130 (1880), ii. 823 Neue Zeitschr.,
; ; MARJl'ONTEL, ANTOINE FRANyOIS,
xxiv. I(i3 Upton, Standard Operas, 318.
; born at Clermont-Ferrand (Puy-de-Dome),
liLVIlKULL, FRIEDmCH WILHELM, France, July 18, 181G, still living, 1889.
born at Reichenbach, near Elbing, Prussia, Pianist, pupil at the Paris Conservatoire of
Feb. 17, 181G, died at Dantzic, April 30, Lanueau, Zimmerman, Halevy, and Le-
1887. Dramatic comjioser, pupil of his sueur, obtaining first pianoforte prize in
father, of Karl Kloss, of Urban, and in 1833- 1S32. He succeeded Zinnuerman as profes-
35 of Friedrich Schneider at Dessau be- sor at the Conservatoire in 1848, and gained
;
came first organist of the Marienkirche, a great reputation as a successful teacher.

Dantzic, in 1836, and director of the Gesang- Among his numerous pupils are Guiraud,
verein there. He was known also as a pi- Paladilhe, Alphonse and Edmond Duverno}-,
anist, violinist (in quartets), and much Wieniawski, Thuruer, Bizet, Plante, and
sought as a teacher. Works —
Operas Dubois. Works L'Art de dechiS'rer, 100
: :
Maja und Alpino, oder die bezauberte Rose, etudes Ecole elementaire de mecauisme et ;
Dantzic, 1843 Der Konig von Zion, 1848

; de style, 24 etudes over 200 etudes iu dif-
; ;
Das Walpurgisfest, Dantzic, 1855. Ora- ferent series 50 etudes de salon Ecole de ; ;
torios Johannes der Tiiufer Das Gediicht- mecanisme L'Art de dechififrer a 4 mains
: ; ; ;
uiss der Eutschlafeuen. Roland's Horn, Sonatas, nocturnes, marches, mazurkas,

cantata for male voices (Novello, London, serenades, chai-acteristic jjieees, and much
188!)) Psalm LXXXVI, for soli, chorus, and other music for pianoforte.
: Literary works
orchestra Symphonies Choralbuch, with Petite graramaire populaire
; ; Vade-mecum ;
130 chorals (Dantzic, 1845) Music for pi- du professeur de piano

; L'Art classique ;
anoforte and organ Songs Arrangements et moderne du piano Les Pianistes cele-
; ; ;
of classical works. Mendel — Riemanu bres (1878). Fetis

; do., Supplement, ii.
;
— ;
Fetis ; Schilling, Supplement, 290. 172 Riemaun. ;

MARPUIUi
MARPURG, FRIEDRICH, born at F:i- von der Fuge (ib., 1753-54 2d ed., IHOG) ;
;
(lerborn, April 4, 1825, died at Wiesbaden, Handbuch beim Generalbass und der Kotn-
Dec. 1, 1884. Violinist, pianist, and dra- position (ib., 1755-58 ; 2d ed., 17G2) ; His-
matic composer, great-grandson of Fried- torischkritische Beytriige zur Aufnaliiue der
rich Wilhelm Marpurg, pupil of Mendels- Musik (ib., 1754-02 and 1778); Syste-
sohn and Hauptniann at L(,'ipsic early ; matischo Einleitung in die nnisikalische
attracted attention as a violinist and pianist, Setzkunst uach der Lehrsiitzeu des Herrn
and in the latter capacity travelled through Rameau, Anfangsgrilndc der thcoretischon
I'omerania, Prussia, and Poland, after he Anleitung zur Sing-
j\Iusik (Leipsic, 1757) ;
had completed his studios at Leipsic. He komposition (Berlin, 1758) Kritische Ein- ;
then settled at KOnigsberg, and for nearly leitung in die Geschichte und Lehrsiltze der
nine years taught music, and conducted the alten und ncucn Musik (ib., 1759) Kritische ;
opera, and the symphony and chandjer con- Briefe uber die Tonkunst (ib., 1759-03)
certs which he had established was director Herrn G. A. Sorgens Anleitung zum Ge-
;
of the musical academy, and finally erected neralbass (ib., 17G0) Anleitung zur Musik ;
a music school of his own. In 1854 he went (iberhaupt und zur Siugkunst insbesondere
to Mainz as director of the Liedertafel, and (ib., 17G3) Versuch iiber die musikalischc
;
in 18C4 to Soudershausen as Hofkapellmeis- Temperatur (Breslau, 177G) Neue Jlr- ;
ter. Two years later ho resigned, and lived thode, allerlei Artcn
at Wiesbaden until 18G8, when he was called von Temperaturen Kc^jV^M^,
to Darmstadt, to succeed Mangold as direc- dem Klaviere aufs
tor of the court music ; he gave up this post bequemste mitzutheilen (Berlin, 1779) Lr- ;
in 1872, and was Kapellmeister of the thea- genden eiuigcr Musikheiligen (Cologne,
tre at Freiburg in 1873, and at Laybach, 178G) Geschichte der Orgel, unfinished.
;
Caruiola, in 1875, when he returned to —

Allgem. d. Biogr., xx. 407; Riemann
Wiesbaden. Works Operas — IMusa, der Grove
: Mendel Fi'tis Schilling Gcrbcr;
; ; ; ;
letzte Maureukimig, Ki'migsberg, 1855 Lindner, Geschichte des deutscheu Liedes,

;
Agnes von Hoheustaufen, Freiburg, 1874 ;

Gl.
Die Lichtensteiner. — Mendel. MARQUEZ, ANTONIO LESBIO, born
M.\JIPURG, FRIEDRICH WILHEL:\I, in Lisbon, Portugal, about IGCO, died there,
born at Seehauseu in the Altmark, Prussian Nov. 1, 1709. Church composer was made ;
Saxony, Oct. 1, 1718, died in Berlin, May mestre do capella of the roj-al chapel in
22, 1795. Probably the most distinguished 1098. He composed mas.ses. Magnificat,
musical savant of his time. In 1740 he was Miserere, responses, etc., of which only a
secretary to General von Rothenburg in collection of Vilhancicos for the feast of S.
I'aris, where he became acquainted with Ra- Goncala has been printed. Fi'tis. —
meau and his system ; lived a short time in M.ARSALO (Marsolo), PIETRO ^lARIA,
Berlin, then for several years in Hamburg, Italian composer, born in Sicily. He lived
and in 17C3 was made director of the gov- at Ferrara about the close of the IGth cen-
ernment lottery in Berlin. Works sonatas tury and at Cerreto in IGOO
:
published ;
for pianoforte Organ and pianoforte nuisic

;
four books of madrigals for five voices (Ven-
;
Sacred and secular songs Unfinished mass. ice, 1009) and two books of motets (1G12,
;
Literary works Der kritische Musikus an 1G14).-Mendek

:
der Spree (Berlin, 1749-50) Die Kuust M.lRS.ySTD, Pa.lre ANSELMO, born in
;
das Klavier zu spielen 1750-51) Anlei- Venice in 17G9, died in Padua, Jan. 4, 1841.
(ib., ;
tung zum Klavierspielcn, der schOnen Au Church composer, Benedictine monk in the
pupil
siibung der heutigen Zeit gemiiss entwor- ^Monastery of S. Michele at Mur.auo,
feu (ib., 1755 2d ed., 17G5) Abhaudlung of Furnaletto; succeeded i\j)tonio Calegari
; ;
MARSCIINEIl
as maestro di cappclla of H. Antouio at ian operas, with Weber and Morlacchi, iu

Padua in 1828. He was one of the most 1823. This post he resigned on Weber's
emiueut musicians of the Venetian school death, iu 182G, and went to Leipsic in 1827
iu its last classical period. Of Lis compo- as Kapellmeister at the theatre there. The
sitions, said to number GOO works, consists year before, he had married Mariane
ing of masses, psalms, etc., and Wohlbriick, a singer, whose brother after-
motets,
organ music, few have been pub- wards furnished him with several opera
onlj' a
lished. —Fctis. texts. In 1831 Marschner was apiôinted

MARSCHNER, ADOLF EDUARD, born court Kapellmeister at Hanover, where he
at Griiuberg, Prussian Silesia, j\Iarch 5, produced Hans Heiling, which has always
1810, died in Leipsio, Sept. 9, 1853. Vocal been considered his masterpiece. In 183G
composer, self-taught at Leipsic, while he went to Copenhagen to bring this opera
studying law at the university, and subse- out there, and was offered the post of Gen-
quently established there as a teacher of eral Director of Music in Denmark, which
singing and the pianoforte. Several of his honour, however, he declined, preferring to
lyric songs have retained their 2'opularity retain his position at Hanover. After Hans
in Germany to this day.— IMeudel. Heiling he wrote but little for the stage.
MARSCHNER, HEINRICH (AUGUST), Marschner ranks next to Weber and Spohr
born at Zittau, among the dramatic composers in Germany
S.axony, Aug. IG, of his day. Rossini's universal success is
179G, died in Han- said to have had some influence upon his
over, Dee. 14, ISGl. style, but Weber's influence u^jon him will
He began to take pi- always be recognized as far more marked.
anoforte lessons at Indeed, the only flaw in Marschner's claim
six, and made such to originality is that both his melodies and
rapid progress that his general treatment of them smack so un-

he surpassed three mistakably of Weber. He was a facile
consecutive teachers comijoser and worked very rapidly, but his
in a short time, scores abound in elaborate writing, and
when, his parents being unable to afford show the hand of an accomjilished master.
him a better teacher, his studies were inter- Besides his ojêras, he wrote a good deal of
rupted for a year, though he soon began to music in various forms, little, if any, of
compose little pieces. He sang in a church which has lived but his Vampyr, Templer
;
choir at Bautzen until his voice changed. und Jiidin and Hans Heiling are still stand-
Ilis regular studies in music began under ard works in the rejiertory of German op-
Schicht iu Leipsic, whither he went in era-houses.
1816 to study law. Rochlitz advised him Works —I. Dramatic : Der Kyffliiiuser-
to make music a profession in 1817 he ac-
; berg, written in Presburg, 1817, not per-
companied Count Thaddeus von Amadoe, a formed ; Saidoi", three acts, Presburg, 1819 ;
Hungarian noble, to Presburg and Vienna, Heinrich IV. und d'Aubigne, Dresden,
where he came under the notice of Beetho- 1820 ; Der Hohdieh, one act, ib., 1825 ;
ven, who advised him to try his hand at Lucretia, Dantzic, 182G Der Vampijr, two;
composition iu the sonata-form for practice. acts, Leipsic, March 28, 1828 Der Temi^ler ;
In Presburg he wrote Der Kyffhiiuserberg und die Jiidin, three acts, Leipsic, ib., 1829 ;
and Heinrich IV., the latter of which Weber Des Falkners Braut, ib., 1832 Hans Hei- ;
produced at Dresden. The success of this ling, three acts, Berlin, 1833 Das Schloss ;
work led appointment of Marschner am Aetna, three

to the acts, Hanover, June 5,
as joint conductor of the German and Ital- 183G Der Biibu, ; ib., 1S37 Kaiser Adolf
;
MARSEILLAISE
von Nassau, iouv acts, ib., 1843 Anstin, mi'e du Rhin, dt'dit' au Man'clial Luckner,"
;
ib., 1851 Hjaruo der Siingerkouig (posthu- (Dannbach, Strasburg, 1792). Mireur sang
;
mous), Frankfort-on-tbe-Main, 18()3, and it, June 25, 1792, at a civic banquet at Mar-
Munich, as Kijuig Hjarue uml das TyiTnig- seilles, with such eflfect that it was printed
schwert, 1883 ; Music to Ivleist's Priuz and distributed among the volunteers then
Friedrich von Homburg ; do. to Kind's leaving there for Paris. The battalion en-
Schiin Ellen ; do. to Hell's Ali Baba ; do. to tered Paris singing this hynm, and the mob
Eodeuberg's 'Waldnuiller's Margiet do. to shouted it as it marched to attack the Tuile-
;
Mosenthal's Goldschmied von XJhu. rits, Aug. 10, 1792. After that day the song
II. Vocal About 10 sets of four part was called " Chant des Marseillaia," and final-
:
songs for male voices (Lcipsic, Hanover) ly " La Marseillaise." The original composi- ;
About 20 seta of songs, etc., for a single tion contained additional bars of instrument-
voice and pianoforte (Leipsic, Homburg, al accompaniment, which were afterwards
Magdeburg, Brunswick, Hanover). suppressed. In their accompaniments for
HI. Instrumental Quartet f or iîanoforte the pianoforte and orchestra, Edelmann,
:
and strings, op. 3G (Loipsic, Hofmeister) Gretry, and more especially Gossec, enriched ;
Trios for do., oj). 29 (Leipsic, Probst), op. the harmonies, and soon La Marseillaise in
50 (Hofmeister) Divertissements, polo- its present form was known throughout
;
naises, marches for pianoforte, 4 hands, op. France. The first edition appeared with
7, 13, IG, 28 Sonatas for pianoforte solo, six stanzas but when the hymn was dra-
; ;
op. G, 24, 33, 38, 39, 40 Eoudos and fan- matized for the Fi'te de la Federation, a
;
seventh, by Dubois, was added. The song

'^^^•--^Ô-vicvuyVT^y gained its writer a 2>ension from Louis
Philippe. De Lisle's authorship of the
words has never been denied but the com- ;
position of the tune has been doubted. It

has been said that it is the same as the Ba-
varian Volkslied " Stand ich auf hohen Berg-
en," and Castil-Blaze declares it to Imve
been taken from a German hymn. Fetis
assigns it to a composer Navoigille but ;
tasias for do., op. 10, 11, 15, IS, 19, 20, 21, these assertions have been disproved, and
22, 23, 25, 31, 33, 37, 49, 57, 58, 59, G4, 71, documentary evidence brought to light in
74 ; Variations for do., op. 48, G9. — jMen- a pamphlet, entitled " La verite sur la pa-
del ; Fetis ; Eieraann ; Grove. teruite de la Marseillaise," by A. Rouget de

MARSEILL.VISE, L.V, popular French Lisle, the composer's nephew. The contro-
hjmn, words and music by Rouget de versy is examined in Loquin's " Les melo-
" (Paris,
Lisle, composed during the night of April dies populaires de la France 1879).
24, 1792, in Strasburg, where the author, a The tune occurs opening chonis of
in the
captain of engineers, was quartered. It Salieri's opera, Palmira, and in the intro-
was ^vi'itten in a moment of enthusiasm, duction to Grison's oratorio Esther. Gos-

and was first sung on April 25, at the house sec included it in his openis, Le camp do
of Dietrich, INIayor of Strasburg. It was (irandpre and La reprise de Toulon, and
cojiied and arranged for a military band Schumann introduces it with great eftect
on the following day, and first performed into his song. Die beiden Greuadiere, op.
by the Garde Nationalc at a review on Sun- 49, No.and in his overture to Goethe's
1,
day, April 29, 1792. It was first published "Hermann und Dorothea," op. 136. The
under the title " Chant de guerre pour I'ar- song was arranged for double chorus and
MARSH
grand orchestra by Hector Berlioz, piiblislied Vienna, Nov. 25, 1847. This opera was an
—
by Brandus (Paris). Laroiisse, Die. uuiv. ;
extension of the Lady Henrietta, ou la ser-
Lamartiue, Histoire des Girondins, ii. 408 ;
vante de Greenwich, ballet-pantomime in
Castil-Blaze, Moliere musicien, ii. 452 Eam- ; three acts, text by Saint-Georges, music by
bossou, Les harmouies du son, 137 Hans- ; Flotow, Burgmiiller, and Deldevez, first rep-
lick, Musikaliscbe Statiouen, 180 Memoires ; resented at the Acadi'mie Royale de Mn-
de Hector Berlioz, 158 Harinouicou (1830), sique, Paris, Feb. 1, 1844. Martha is Flo-
;
374, 410 Grove Atheu£cum (18G1), i. 550

; ; tow's masterjiiece, and few operas have been
;
ii. 597 (]8G3);i. 185. more frequently jierformed. Original cast

MARSH, JOHN, born at Dorking, Sur- Lady Harriet Durham (S.) . .Frl. Anna Zerr.
rey, in 1752, died at Chicbester, Sussex, in
Lyonel (T.) Herr Ander.
1828. Amateur organist and composer, and
Plumkett (B.) Herr Carl Fonues.
didactic writer, lived at Salisbury in 1770-
81, Canterbury in 1781-80, and Chicliester The scene is in Richmond during the reign
in 1787-1828, iu each of which places he of Queen Anne, but the Italian version jjlaces
conducted the orchestra at subscription con-
certs, bringing out many of his composi-
tions. Works : 8 symj)honies ; Symphony
for 2 orchestras ; Overtures ; String quar-
tets ; Preludes, fantasias, etc., for the organ ;
Pianoforte music ; Antiphons, anthems,

l^salms,and many other sacred compositions,
for 1-4 voices. —
Fetis Mendel. ;
MARSHALL, WILLIAJM, born iu Eng-

land in 1806, died at Handsworth, Aug. 17,
1875. Chorister in the Chapel Royal, and
in 1823 in Christ Church Cathedral and St.
John's College, Oxford organist, of All ;
Saints Church, Oxford, and in 1840 of St.

Mary's, Kidderminster. Mus. Bac, Oxford,
1820 Mus. Doc, ib., 1840. He published
;
a book of Anthems (1840), Art of reading

Church Music (1842), and left much mis-
Marzella Sembrich.
cellaneous church music.
MARSICK, M.ARTIN, born at Jupille, the action in the 15th, and the French in the
near Liege, March 9, 1848, still living, 1889. 19th century. For love of adventure the
Virtuoso on the violin, pupil at the Liege Lady Harriet, accompanied by her cousin,
Conservatoires of Desire-Heyuberg, at Brus- Sir Tristan, and her maid, Nancy, visits the
sels (1805-07) of Leonard, and in Paris fair at Richmond, where she and Nancj-, un-
(1808-69) of Massart, finally, in Berlin (1870- der the names of Martha and Julia, become
71), private pupil of Joachim ; appeared with bound in service to two farmers, Plumkett,
great success at the Concerts Populaires iu and his adopted brother Lyonel, whose par-
Paris, 1873, and has composed a number of entage is unknown. In the second act the
effective works for his instrument. Rie- — new servants are jiut on trial at the spinning-
manu. wheel, and although they prove inefficient
MARTHA, Oder Der Markt zu Rich- their masters decide to keeji them. Lyonel
mond, opera in four acts, text by Fried- steals a rose from Martha, who sings " 'Tia
rich, music by Flotow, first represented in the fast rose of summer," which Flotow
MAETIN
has iuseited with great cffeot. Sir Tristan Paris (1858), 50, GO, 07 Atheuuniiii (1858),
j
;
soon discovers them, and Martha and Nancy 25, 49G Upton, .Standard Operas, 108.
i
;
escape. The next scene is in a forest, MAllTIN, GEOllGE CLEMENT, born

where several farmers are carousing. The at Chipping-Lamboiirn, Berkshii-c, England,
Queen's hunting-party enters, and Pluiukett in 184-i, still living, 1889. Suborgauist and
j
and Lyonel recognize Martha and Nancy choirmaster of St. Paul's Cathedral, Lou-
among the maids of honour. Plumkett at- don Mus. Bac, Oxford, 1868 Mus. Doc,
; ;
temjjts to seize Naucj-, and during the chase ib. Works Te Deum Communion Ser- : ;
Lyonel and Martha are left alone. Lyonel, vices Magnificat and Nunc dimittis, for
;
in despair at learning the Lady Harriet's chorus and orchestra Anthems Songs and ; ;
rank, sends a valuable jewel to the (ûeeu, part-songs ; Pianoforte music.

by which it is discovered that he is the Earl MiUlTIN Y SOL.VE, VICENTE (called
of Derby. His estates are restored, and the by the Italians ^Martini, or lo Spagnuolo),
Lady Harriet gives him her hand. Nancy born at Valencia, Spain, in 1754, died in St.
and Plumkett are also united. Among the Petersburg in May, 1810. Dramatic com-
best numbers are "Yon den edleu Cava- poser was choir-boy in his native place ami
: ;
lieren," duet between Martha and Nancy later organist at iUicante.

;
Then he went
Lyonel's air, "Ja! Scit frilher Kiudheits to ^Madrid, and wrote some airs for an Ital-
Tageu ;" the quartet, " Immer inunter dreh' ian singer named Guglietti, who advised
das Eiidcheu ;" " Mitternacht," known as him to set out for Italy airiving there ;
the " Gute Nacht quartet " Plumkett's about 1781, he visited Florence, Lucca,
;
drinking song, " Lasst mich Euch frageu Genoa, Venice, Turin, and Rome, and his
;
Lyonel's air, " Ach so fromm " and Martha's operas became very jôpular, though such
;
romance, " Hier in stillen Schattengriiu- composers as Paisiello, Ciuglielmi, and

den." The success of the opera is perhaps Ciraarosa were then living. In 1785 lie
due to the gay action and effective combi- went to Vienna, where his operas achieved
nation of the solo parts. A strong scene a greater success than Jlozart's Nozze di
was written for Mme Nautier-Didice, who Figaro and Don Giovanni had a short time
sang the part of Nancy, which also was one before. Alozart did justice to his rival, but
of Mme Trebelli's best impersonations. predicted truly that his works would not
The role of Martha has been sung with live. He was a great favourite with the
great success by Mme Bosio, Adelina Patti, Emperor Joseph H. lu 1788, summoned
Christine Nilsson, and Marzella Sembrich. to the court of Catharine IL, he became di-
This opera was first performed in London, rector of the Italian Opera in St. Peters-
in Italian, at Covent Garden, July 1, 1858 burg, and the Emperor Paul L afterwards
in English, at Drury Lane, Oct. 11, 1858 made him an imperial councillor. AVhcn
;
the
in Paris at the Salle Ventadour, Feb. 11, the French Opera was substituted for
1858 ;at the Theatre Lyriquc, Dec. 16, Italian Opera, in 1801, he lost his i)lace and
1805. First in New York, Nov. 1, 1852 had to teach for a living. Pleasing melo-
;
style characterize bis

at the Metropolitan Opera House, April 23, dies and a natural
lacking in profundity.
1887, with JIme Adelina Patti, Mme Scalchi, works, but they are
Signor Guille, Del Pueute. A piece from his La cosa rara was introduced
and Siguor
Published by G. F. jMiiller (Vienna, 1848) by Mozart into the finale of the second act
—
by Crauz (Hamburg). Clement et La- of Don Giovanni. Works— Operas Ifigenia :
Lucca
rousse, 438 Lajarte, ii. 174
;
Edwards, ;
in Aulide, Florence, 1781 ; Astartea, ;
La dora festcggiata, Turin, 1783 L'accorta

Lyrical Drama, ii. 73 Allgem. mus. Zeitg.,
;
cameriera, ib., id. Ipermestra, Rome, 1784

1. 458, 475 Neue Berliner mus. Zeitg.
;
; ;
(1855), 186 ; Eevue ct Gazette musicale de II burbero di buou cuore, La capricciosa

MARTINEZ
correttu, L' aibore di Diana, and La cosa and rare specimens of music of every de-
rara (bis 1785 Gli scription, surpassing the richest library
masterpiece), Vienna, ;
sposi in contrasto, St. Petersburg. La ever collected by any musician. He endeav-

regina di Golconda, ballet, Lucca other oured to preserve the grand old traditions of
;
ballets, Genoa and Venice II segno, can- music, without sacrificing to purity of style
;
tata Canons 12 Italian ariettas Te Deutn the elegant manner of modern times, and
; ; ;
(MS).— Fetis Mendel Schilling Gerber the cantilena. In time he became the high-
; ; ; ;
Itieniann. est authority in historical and theoretical

]\LUiTINEZ (Martines), IVIARIANNE, controversies pupils came to him from all ;
born in Vienna, May 4, 1744, died there, quarters of the globe, and famous masters
Dec. 13, 1812. Pupil of Haydn and Por- and scholars did not hesitate to ask his ad-
pora became a fine singer and pianist, and vice, and to submit unsettled questions to his
;
gave evening parties attended by many final decision. Of his magnificent library
noted musicians. She devoted herself in a part was incorporated in the imperial
the latter part of her life to teacliing pu- library of Vienna, while the bulk went to
pils of jwomise. Honoraiy member of the the Liceo Filarmonico at Bologna. He was
Accademia Filarmonica of Bologna in 1773. a member of both Academies in Bologna,
Works Isacco, oratorio Two other ora- and of the Ai-cadians in Rome, under the
: ;
torios Mass Psalms, and other sacred name of Aristoxenos Amphion. Works
; ;
music Cantatas Symphonies Overtures Litaniaj atque antiphouifc finales, etc., for 4
; ; ; ;
; —
Sonatas Motets Ai'ias. Wurzbach Men- voices, with organ and instruments (1734)
; ; ;
del ; Ft'tis Grove Burney, The Present Sonate (12) d' intavolatura per 1' orgauo o
; ;
State of Music in Germany, i. 30C, 341. cembalo (Amsterdam, 1742) do. (6), (Bo- ;
MAKTINI, Padre GIOVANNI BAT- logna, 1747) Duetti da camera a diversi ;
TISTA (Giam- voci (ib., 17(53). In manuscript San Pie- :
battista), born tro, oratorio do., second setting L' assun- ; ;
at Bologna, April zione di Salomone al trono d' Israello,

25, 170G, died oratorio ; La Dirindina, farsetta ; L'imprc-
there, Oct. 3, sario dello Canarie, intermezzo ; H Don
17 8 4.Contra- Chisciotto, do. II maestro di musica, do. ; ;
puntist and musi- Masses. His most important work is his

cal historian, son Storia della musica (Bologna, 1757, 1770,
of a violinist 1781) who
he published also Exemplare ossia
;
instructed him on saggio fondamentale pratico di coutrap-

his i n s t r u ment punto (ib., 1774-75), besides a great num-
and on the piano- ber of smaller treatises, dissertations,
forte ;
pupil of Padre Predieri in singing, correspondences, etc. On the centenary
and of Kiccieri in counterpoint. He en- anniversary of his death (1884) the Bologna
tered the in municipality undertook the publication of
order of Franciscan friars
1721, and became maestro di cappella at his correspondence, of which one volume is
their church in 1725. He was much aided, published (1732-55), entitled Carteggio :
at that jjeriod, in his contrapuntal efforts

by Giacomo Perti, maestro di cappella of
S. Petronio, and also devoted much time to
mathematical studies. Eager to become inedito del P. Gianbattista Martini coi pih
acquainted with all the old and new trea- celebi'i musicisti del suo tempo (Bologna,
tises on musical subjects, he accumulated a 1888). Fantuzzi, Notizie degli Scrittori —
precious collection of books, manuscripts, Bolognesi, v. 342 Fotis ; Gandolfo, Elogio ;
MARTINI
(li Gio. Bait. Martini, etc. (Bologna, 1813) religious. Works— Operas
;
L'amoui-eux :
Moiesclii, Orazione in lode del P. M., etc. 1771 de quinze ans,

Le fermier cru ;
(ib., 178G) Pacoiandi, Elogio del R. P. sourd, Le nouveau-ne, 1772

;
Le rendez- ;
Gamb. Martini Delia Valle, Elogio del vous nocturne, 1773 Henri IV, ou la ba-
;
;
Padre, etc. (Bologna, 1784) do., Memorie taille d'lvry, 1774; Le droit du seigneur,
;
storiche del P. M., etc. (Naples, 1785). 1783 ; L'amant sylphe, 1785 ; Sapho, 1794 ;
MARTINI, JE/VN PAUL EGIDE, born Ainiette et Lubin, Zimeo, 1800

Sophie, ou ;
at Freistadt in the Palatinate, Sept. 1, 1741, tremblement de terre de Messine Le

le
;
died in Paris, Feb. 10, 1816. Dramatic poete suppose La partie de carapagne. ;
composer real uanie Scliwartzendorf, but Arcabonne, cantata Cantata for the mar-
;
;
be changed it on entering France, and for riage of Napoleon and Marie Loui.se Trios, ;
a long time wa.s known as Martini il Te- quartets, and other chamber music ; Mili-
desco. At the age of ten lie was organist tary music ; Classes, psalms, Ileciuiems, and
at the Jesuit seminary of Neustadt ou the other church music Songs, with pianoforte
;
Danube, and while studying at the Univer- accompaniment. — Pougin, JIartini (Paris,
sity of Freiburg iu the Breisgau acted as 1864) Eloge de JIartini in the Princesse
;
organist of the Franciscan convent. In Constance de Salm's Q3u\Tea, iv. (Paris,

17G0 he settled iu Nancy, where a few 1842) Clement, JIus. celebres, 168 Fetis ;
; ;
light compositions gained him the favour of Mendel Larousse, s. 1285 Michaud, Biog.
; ;
King Stanislaus, whose service he entered. Univ., xxvii. 159 N. Biog. gc'n., xxxiv. 88. ;
Wheu his master died, in 17G4, he went to MARTINN (Martin), J.ACOB JOSEPH
Paris, where he won a prize offered for a BALTHASAR, born in Antwerp, May 1,
military march, and through the influence 1775, died in Paris, Oct. 10, 183(). Violinist
of the Due de Choiseul was appointed offi- began as a choir-boy in the Church of Saint-
cer iu the suite of a hussar regiment, allow- Jacques, Antwerp) went to Paris in 1793 ;
ing him leisure for composition. On the and was violinist in the orchestra first of
success of his first ojêra he left the army, the Theatre du Vaudeville, then at the Ital-
in 1771, and became musical director to ian opera, and, after the imperial lyccums
the Prince de Condo, later to the Comte had been organized, became professor of
d'Ai-tois. Just before the Revolution he the violin at the Lj'Cee de Charlemagne.
bought the reversion of the otJico of super- Works Symphonic concertaute, for 2 :
intendent of the king's music. He directed flutes and bassoon do. for flute, oboe, hora, ;
the music of the Theatre de Monsieur, and bassoon 7 quartets for strings Trios ; ;
afterwards Theatre Feydeau, from its open- for flute, violin, and violoncello Duos for ;
ing, but lost all his places and pensions iu violins Do. for flute and violin 2 methods
; ;
1792, and fled to Lyons. As soon as he for violin Jlethod for viola. Fi'tis. ; —
felt safe he returned to Paris, wrote patri- MARTINOVSK'y, JAN PAVEL, bom
otic songs, and became a member of the at Melnik, Bohemia, Feb. 24, 1808, died iu
committee and inspector of the Conserva- Prague, Nov. 7, 1873. Vocal composer,
toire, but was deprived of these posts in first instructed by Simon JI. Hoeplcr, then
1802. After the restoration he claimed pupil at Kjsoka of Kmoch on the organ.
the superintendency of the king's music, After finishing his philosophical stutlies in
and obtained it in 1814. For his Requiem Prague, he entered the Premonstrant mon-
mass, performed iu 1816 on the anniversary astery at Strahov, to win undisturbed lei-
of the death of Louis XVI., he received the sure for composition. Works : Miiss for
grand cordon of the Order of St. Michael. male voices Zdravas Maria, motet for ;
His melodies are dramatic and expressive, mixed chorus, with organ Ave maris Stella ; ;
but his church music is more brilliant than Several collections of Bohemian songs;
MAKTUilO
Harmony HOO Bolieniian national melo- Polyeucte
to JI. Duprez.
dies (Prague, 1842-70).— Memlel. Pauline i[mc Dorus-Gras.
IVIARTIRIO DI SANTA TEODOSIA, IL, Severe M. Massol.
Italiau oratorio by Alessamlro Scarlatti, first Felix i\I. Derivis.
given in Rome in 1705. Grove, — ii. 537. Callistheuc M. Serda.
MARTUCCI, GIUSEPPE, born at Capua, Ncarcpie M. Wartcl.
Jan. (5, 185G, still living, 1889. Pianist, first
instructed by liis father, then pupil at the It was given at the Royal Italian Opera,
Conservatorio, Naples, of Cesi, Carlo Costa, London, April 20, 1852 at the Theatre
;
Paolo Serrao, and Lauro Kossi. Having Italien, Paris, April 20, 1859. Published
settled at Naples to teach, he soon apiDeared by Schott (Mainz) by Ricordi (Milan). ;
in public as a virtuoso, winning great ap- —

Clement et Larousse, 439 Allgem. mus. ;
plause, first at Naples, then in Rome, and in Zeitg., xl. 774 Neue Zeitschr., xii. 187, 191 ; ;
1875 and 1877 in Milan, also in Loudon and Athenfoum (1852), 465.
Dublin, and 1878 in Paris. Works Quintet MARX, ADOLPn BERNHARD, born in
:
for pianoforte and strings (prize by the Soci- Hallo, May 15, 1799,
eta del Quartetto, Milan, 1878) ; Sonata for -^m>*:<^ Jied in Berlin, May
pianoforte and violin ; Cajirices, melodies, 17, 18GG. The son
romances, etudes, etc., for pianoforte. Fl- of a physician, he
tis. Supplement, ii. 177. studied law and ob-
MARTYR OF ANTIOCH, THE, cantata, tained a legal ap-
textby the Very Rev. H. H. Milman, music pointment in Naum-
by Ai'thur Sullivan, first given at the Leeds burg, but soon left
(England) Musical Festival, Oct. 15, 1880 it for Berlin. He
Mme Albani, Mme Patey, Mr. Edwaid had been a pupil of
Lloyd, Mr. F. King, and Mr. Henry Cioss Tiirk in Halle, got
sang the It was sung at the Cry.s- some ideas from Logier in Berlin, where he
solos.
tal London, Dec. 11, 1880. Scene received instruction also from Zelter, and
Palace,
I. The Temple of Apollo H. Burial Place supported himself by teaching pianoforte,
;
of the Christians IH. Palace of the Pre- singing, and composition.

; In 1824, with
fect IV. Outside the Prison of the Chris- the publisher Schlesingcr, he founded the
;
tians. Characters represented Heathen —

Berliner allgemeiue musikalisclie Zeitung,
Olybius, the Roman Prefect Callias, the which, during its seven years of existence,
;
priest of Apollo Julia, youths and maidens, did good service by extending the appreci-
;
the pojDulace of Antioch. Christians : Fa- ation of Beethoven. He received the de-
bius. Bishop of Antioch Margarita, daugh- gree of doctor from the University of Mar-
;
ter of Callias ; The Christian congregation. burg in 1827, then gave lectures on music
Published by Chappell & Co. (London, which he was
at the Berlin University, of
1880).— Atheufeum (1880), ii. 539, 824. 1830 and musi-
appointed jirofessor in
BIARTYRS, LES, opera in four acts, text cal director in 1832. He founded the
by Scribe after Corneille's " Polyeucte," mu- Berliner Conservatorium with Kullak and
sic by Donizetti, first represented at the Stern in 1850, but withdrew from it in
Academie Royale de Musique, Paris, April 1856, and thenceforth devoted himself to
10, 1840. This opera was a rearrangement his university work, his private pupils, and
of the composer's Poliuto. The third act is literary af&iirs. He was very intimate at
written in his best style. It contains a sex- one time with Mendelssohn, whose poor
tet which is almost as famous as the cele- opinion of his work embittered their friend-
brated one in Lucia. Original cast ship. His comj)ositious were indeed of lit-
MAUX8EX
tie value, and his reputation rests entirely also in Paris and Milan. He has been em-
upon his theoretical writings. Besides tak- ployed since 1870 in the British Museum,
ing up theory in a new way and treating it where he superin-
in a more elegant style, he was the first to tends the musical
emphasize the beauties of Beethoven's last department of the
works, and did much to spread a knowledge library. Works
of some of the other great masters. Works Songs Twickeidiam :
Moses, oratorio Johannes der Tiiufer, do. Ferry The Gar-

;
; ;
Music to the drama, Jery uud Biltely, and land Three Sailor ;
to the melodrama. Die Rache wartet 2 Boys Wait till you ; ;
symphonies Cantatas Sonata for piano- come to forty year

; ;
;
forte ; Nilhid und Omar,

The Miller and the a cycle of songs
Choruses and songs Choral and organ Maid Ask nothing ; ;
book. Literary works Die Kunst des Ge- more May Music :
;
;
sangs (Berlin, 182G) Ueber Malerei in der When my Jim comes home, etc.
; He is au-
Tonkuust (ib., 18-28) Ueber die Geltung thor also of a volume of poems.
;
Hundel'scher Sologesiinge fiir unsere Zeit jMASANIELLO, Auber. See Muetle do

(ib., 1829)Die Lehre von der miisika- Portici.
;
lischen Komposition (Leipsic, 1837-45, 4 M.ASANIELLO, ou le pccheur napolitnin,

vols.) Allegemeine Musiklehre (ib., 1839, drame-lyriquo in four acts, text by Moreau
;
9th edition, 1875, also an English trans- and Lafortelle, nnisic by Carafa, first repre-
lation) Die alte Musiklehre im Streite mit sented at the Opera Comique, Paris, Dec.
;
unserer Zeit (ib., 1841) Die Musik des 19. 27, 1827. Subject the same as that of Au-
;
Jahrhunderts und ihre Pflege (ib., 1855) ber's Muellii de Portici. The part of JIa.sa- ;
Ludwig von Beethoven's Leben und Schaf- uiello was sung by Ponchard, that of Ruf-
fen (Berlin, 1858-59, 3d edition, 1875); fino by Valcre. Published by Breitkopf k
Gluck und die Oper (ib., 18G2) Anleitung Hilrtel (Leipsic). Other operas, same title, ;
zum Vortrag Beethoven'scher Klavierwerke in German, text by Feind, music by Rein-

(ib., 18G3) Erinnerungeu aus meinom Lo- hold Keiser, Hamburg, 170G in English,
; ;
ben (ib., 1805) and many articles in musi- by Henrj' R. Bishop, London, 1825. Revue
; —
cal journals. —
AUgem. d. Biogr., xx. 533 musicale, ii. 543 Clement et Larousse, ;
;
Mendel Schilling Eiemann Fetis.

; 440. ; ;
MARXSEN, EDUARD, born at Nien- MASCHEK (MaSek), CA:ynLLO, born

stildten,near Altona, July 23, 180G, died at at Laybach, Carniola, July 11, 1831, died
Altona, Nov. 18, 1888. Pupil of his father at Stainz, ib., June 29, 1859. Vocal com-
and of Clasing in Hamburg, later of Sey- poser, pupil of his father, then in Vienna
fried and Bocklet in Vienna, and then set- of Staudigl in singing and of Titl in com-
led in Hamburg as a teacher. Brahms and position was musical instructor in the fam- ;
Deppe are the best known of his pupils. ily of Count Strachwitz at Schebetan, Mo-
Works Beethoven's : Schatten, an orchestral ravia, in 1852-54, then succeeded his father
coniijosition ; Symphonies and overtures for as instructor in the public music school at
orchestra ; Marches, variations, rondos, so- Laybach. He endeavoured particularly to
natas, and other pieces for pianoforte. — Fi'- cultivate national music, and set many of
tis, vi. 13; Grove Schilling. ;

the poems of the Slovenian poet Presheru.
M.iRZIALS, THEOPHILUS, born in Works Several masses Requiem 3 Tau- : ; ;
Brussels, Dec. 21, 1850, in Lou- tum ergo Offertory German and Slovenian
still living, ; ;
don, 1889. Vocal composer, pupil in Lon- sacred songs 60 secular songs. Wura- ; —
don of Malcolm Leonard Lawson ; studied bach.
MASCIIEK
MASCHEK at bor (Prague, 1861), iv. No. 5
(Masclc), Dlabacz
PAUL, born ; ;
Zwikowecz, Bohemia, iu 1761, died in Vien- Fctis Wurzbach. ;
na, Nov. 22, 1826. Pianist, organist, and MASCOTTE, LA, opc'ra-comique iu three
virtuoso on the harmonica; was musical acts, text by Chivot and Duru, music by
instructor in the families of Counts Na- Audran, first represented at the Boufies
dasdy and Niczky iu Hungary, and at Vi- Parisiens, Paris, Dec. 29, 1880. La Mas-
enna, where he settled shortly after 1792, cotte (Bettina) was sung by Mile Moutba-
and was much in vogue as a teacher of the zon Pippo, by M. Morlet and Eocco, by ; ;
pianoforte. Works Waldraf der Wan- M. Lamy.

: It was first performed iu New
derer, opera Der Kiesenkampf, do. Sol- York, Sept.
; ; 28, 1881. — Ilevue et Gaz. nius.
emn mass ; Cantata ; 6 symphonies for or- de Paris (1880), 421 Le M.'nestrel (1880-
;
chestra ; 6 pieces for 8 wind instruments ; 81), 31 Clement et Larousse, 925.

;
Se.\tets, quintets, and quartets for strings ;

MA SIGNOra, PERCH E TANTA QUES-
3 sonatas for pianoforte, flute or violin, and TIONE ? See Crispino e la Comare.
violoncello ; 3 trios for do. ; Sonata for MASK TRIO. See Don Giovanni.
pianoforte, and 3 duos for
flute or violin ; MASNADIERI, I (The Brigands), Italian
pianoforte and violin Wiener Aufgebot, opera iu four acts, text by Maffei, after
;
sonata for pianoforte Marche de la bataille Schiller's " Die Eiiuber," music by Verdi,
;
—
de Leipsick for do. Dlabacz Fotis Gass- first represented at Her Majesty's, London,
; ;
ner Wurzbach.
;
July 22, 1847. Verdi himself conducted,
INIASCHEK (Masek), \TNCENZ, born at and the cast included Jenny Lind, Lablache,
Zwikowecz, Bohemia, April .5, 1755, died at Gardoni, Coletti, BoucIk', Corelli, and Dai-
Prague, Nov. 15, 1831. Virtuoso on the pia- fori. It was first represented iu New York,
noforte and the harmonica, brother of Paul, June 2, 1860. Translated into French by
pupil of his father, then of Dussek and of Jules Ruelle, and performed at the Athcnee,
Segert travelled with Count Wrtby, and Paris, Feb. 3, 1870.
; Operas on the same
played in the principal cities of Germany subject in Italian I liriganti, by Mercad- :
and in Copenhagen. After his return he ante Riccardo Moor, text by Piave, music ;
was appointed music director by the Bohe- by Gallo, Naples, December, 1843 in Ger- ;
mian Estates, and iu 1791: at the Church of man, Die Riluber, iu three acts, bj' LiJsching-
St. Nicholas. In 1802 he established a music er, Pesth, December, 1843. Clement et —
trade. With his wife, who also was a dis- Larousse, 441, 777 Atheuicum (1847), 795. ;
tinguished pianist, he gave many grand con- MASON, LOWELL, born, of American
certs, and contributed much to the elevation parentage, at Medfield,
of musical life in Prague. Works Der Massachusetts, Jan. 8, :
Ostindienfahrer, opera, given in Prague 1792, died at Orange,

Der Spiegelritter, do., ib., 1794 Bohmeus New Jersey, Aug. 11,
;
Dankgefiilil, cantata to Archduke Charles, 1872. Self-taught in

ib., 1796 Cantata for the wedding of Em-
; music took charge ;
peror Francis I., ib., 1808 ; 8 solemn masses ; of the chui-ch choir
34 motets ; Symphonies for oi'chestra
Con- ;
at Medfield when six-
certo for pianoforte, with orchestra Con- ; teen years old. Li
certino, for pianoforte (4 hands), with two 1812-27 he resided
flutes, 2 clarinets, 2 horns, and 2 bassoons ;
in Savannah, Georgia,
Quatuorconcertant, for pianoforte, as clerk in a bank, at the same time teach-
flute, vio-
lin, and violoncello Sonata for pianoforte, ing and conducting. In 1827 he removed
;
and violin ; Many sonatas, and other music to Boston, and became president of the
for pianoforte ; Collections of songs. —Dali- Handel and Haydn Society. An advocate
MASON
of the Pestalozzian system, he estaWishcd others were given. Bergmann's place was
classes in it, and was granted 1828 the afterwards taken by F. Bergiieraud the con-
in
privilege of teaching it in the public schools certs were continued until 18(;8, acquiring
of Boston. In 1832 he established, with a wide reputation as the Mason ami Tlioraas
George James Webb, the Boston Academy Soirees of Chamber Music. During the last
of Music, and in 1835 received the degree thirty years J[r. Mason has taught the pi-
of ]\Ius. Doc. from the New York
Univer- anoforte,and many of his pupils have at-
sity. He visited Europe
1837 to make
in tained eminence. lu 1872 ho received from
himself acquainted with didactic methods, Yale College the honorary degree of Doctor
especially in Germany, and published his of Music. He resides at present in Orange,
impressions under the title "Musical Let- N. J. His compositions are classical in
ters from Abroad " (New York, 1853). He style and are characterized by clear fomi
edited and compiled many collections of and refined ti-eatment. Works : Deux Ro-
music, which had an enormous sale and mances sans paroles, Im- op. 1, 1845 ;
brought him a fortune. His last days were promptu, op. 3, 1851 Silver Spring, op. (i, ;
spent at Orange, New Jersey. Works : 185G Ballade in B major, op. 12, 18C3
;
;
Boston Handel and Haj'dn Collection of Deux Humoresques de Bal, op. 23, 18GG ;
Church Music (1822) Juvenile Psalmist

; Reverie Poetique, op. 24, 18G8 Teacher ;
(1820) Juvenile Lyre (1830)

; Sabbath ; and Pupil Eight Duos for four hands, op.
:
School Songs (183G) Boston Academy

; 2G, 18G9 Prelude in A minor, op. 30,
;
Collection of Chui-ch Music (1836) Lyra ; 1870; Romance Etude, op 32, 1871 Three ;
Sacra (1837) Boston Anthem Book (1839)

; Characteristic sketches, op. 35, 187G Toc- ;
The Psaltery (1845) Cautica Laudis (1850)

; ;
cata, op. 37, 1882 Serenata, for pianoforte
;
New Carmina Sacra (1852) The Song Gar-; and violoncello, op. 39, 1882 Minuet, op. ;
den (18GG), and many others. 43, 1882. DidacticWorks A IMetliod for :
MASON, WILLUM, born, of American the Pianoforte, by Wm. Mason ami E. S.

parentage, in Boston, Massachusetts, Jan. Hoadley (Boston, 18G7) ; System for Begin-
24, 1829, still living, 1889. Pianist, son of ners in the Art of playing upon the Piano-
Lowell Mason, pupil in Boston on the pi- forte, by the same authors (Boston, 1871)
anoforte of Henry Schmidt went to Ger- Mason's Pianoforte Technics (Boston, 1878).
;
many in 1849, and studied in Leipsic the MASSAINI, TIBURCIO, born at Cremona
pianoforte under Moscheles, harmony under in the 16th century, died in Rome after
Moritz Hauptmann, and instrumentation 1C05. Contrapimtist, was maestro di cap-
under E. F. Kichter, in Prague the piano- pella at S. M. del Popolo, Rome then in ;
forte inider Alexander Dreyschock, and at the service of the Emperor Rudolf H. in
Weimar in 1853-54 under Liszt. He played Prague (1580), and afterwards lived again
in public with success in Prague, Frankfort, in Rome. Works : ^Masses for 5-G voices
and Weimai', and in 1853 in London at a (1578) ; do. for 8 voices (IGOO) ; Lamenta-
concert of the Harmonic Union Society, the tions for 5 voices (1599) ; 2 books of madri-
orchestra being conducted by Sir Julius gals for 4 voices (1569, 1573) ; 4 do. for 5
Benedict. In 1854 he returned to America, voices (1571-94) Sacri modulorura eou-
;
and soon after played in Boston, New York, centus, for 6-12 voices Vesper psalms and ;
Chicago, and other cities. In 1855-5() he Magnificats (1576) 4 books of motets for 5
;
established in New York, in connection voices (1576-94) 1 book of do. for 4 voices ;
with Carl Bergmann, Theodore Thomas, J. (1580) Motets for 7 voices (1607) Psalms ; ;
Mosenthal, and George ]Matzka, a series of for G voices (1578).— Fetis Riemann. ;
classical soirees at which the instrumental M.ASSART, LAMBERT Jt)SEPH, born

works of Haydn, Mozart, Schumann, and at Liege, July 19, 1811, still liviug, 1889.
MASSE
Violiuist, pupil of Rodoliilie Kreutzer iu Operas La favorita e la schiava (envoi de :
Paris, wliere be became professor of vio- Eome, not jjerformed) La cliaiUftuse voilee, ;
lin at the Conservatoire in 18i3. Henri one act, Paris, Opera Comique, Nov. 26, 1850;
Wieuawski was one of his pupils. He ap- Galatee, two acts, ib., Ajjril 14, 1852 Les ;
peared a few times at the Concerts Spiritu- ?ioce.s de Jeannette, one act, ib., Feb. 4, 1853 ;
els, but devoted himself chiefly to teaching. La fiancee du diable, three acts, ib., June 5,
He received L. of Honour. Works Fanta- : 1855 Miss Fauvette, one act, ib., Feb. 13,
;
sia on Malibrau's " Le rcveil du beau jour ;" 1855 Les scmona, three acts, ib., Dec. 22,
;
Transcription of Soirees musicales by Eos- 1855 (remodelled, June 15, 185G) La rrine ;
siui Other violin music. His wife, Louise

;
Topaze, three acts. Theatre Lyrique, Dec. 27,
Aglae, born (Masson) in Paris, June 10, 1856 Le cousin de Marivaux, one act, Bad-
;
1827, is an excellent pianist, and since 1875 en-Baden, August, 1857 Les chaiî'n a, por- ;
instructor at the Conservatoire. — Fctis ; do., teurs, one act, Paris, Opera Comique, April
Supplement, ii. 178 ; Mendel, Ergiinz., 264 ;
28, 1858 La fee Carabosse, three acts. The-
;
Kiemann. atre Lyrique, Feb. 28, 1850 La mule de ;
MASS£ (FELIX MARIE), called VIC- Pedro, two acts, Ojoera, March 6, 1863 Fior ;
TOE, born at Lorient dAliza, 4 acts. Opera Comique, Feb. 5, 1866 ;
(Morbihan), France, Jjefiladn brigadier, three acts, ib., Feb. 25,

March 7, 1822, died 1867 Faul et Virginie, three acts. Theatre
;
in Paris, July 4-5, Lyrique, Nov. 15, 1876 Uue nuit de Cleo- ;
1884. Dramatic com- patre, O^Jera Comique, 1877 Le prix de ;
jôser, pupil from famille, not performed La trouvaille, one ;
1834 at the Paris act, do. Les enfants de Perrette, one act,
;
Conservatoire of do. ; Une loi somptuaire, two acts, do. ; La

Halevy. After tak- petite soeur Cho-
dAchille, one act, do. ;
ing first prizes iu pi- ruses and an air for two comedies, Baden-
anoforte, harmony, Baden, September, 1861.
and fugue, be won the pris de Eome iu n. Cantatas, etc. Le renegat de Tanger:
1844 for his cantata Le renegat, which was (prix de Eome), Paris, Opera, 1845 Messe ;
given three times at the Opera, February, solenuelle, Eome, 1846 Cantata, Paris, ;
1845. In Eome, where he stayed two years, Opera, Oct. 28, 1852 Songs from Victor ;
he brought out a Messe solenuelle at S. Hugo's Orientales Chants bretons Chants

; ;
Luigi de' Francesi, May 1, 1846. After du soir Chants d'autrefois. Fetis do..
; — ;
travelling through Italy and Germany he re- Supplement Riemann. ;
turned to Paris, and brought out his first MASSENET, JULES (£mILE FEEDE-
opera. La chauteuse voiloe, at the Opera EIC), born at Mon-
Coinique, Nov. 26, 1850. After the ex- taud, near Saint-
traordinary success of Les noces de Jean- Etienne (Loire), May
nette (1853) he wrote several operas, which, 12, 1842, still living,
although well received at first, did not keep 1889. Dramatic
the stage. In 1860 he was made chorus- composer, pupil at
master at the Opera, and in 1866 succeeded the Paris Conserva-
Leborne as professor of counterpoint at the toire ;won first j^rize
Conservatoire. On June 20, 1872, he was for pianoforte in
elected to the Institut to fill Auber's seat. 1859, second prize
Almost his last work was putting Olfen- fugue in 1862,
for
bach's posthumous Les contes d'Hoffmann first jorize for fugue and prix de Rome in
into sha^je for performance. Works — I. 1863. He studied under Ambroise Thomas,
MA TA.XTE
through whose influence liis La grand'- siêare, 5th do. Concert overture Over- 1
; ;
tante was given at the Opera Comique on ture to Fhidrc ; Lameuto, to the memory of ,
his return from Italy. He attracted general Georges Bizet Sarabande espagiiole, for '
;
attention Ijy some clever orchestral suites, small orchestra Pompria, symphonic fan- ;
but it was after the Franco-Prussian War tasy Introduction and variations, for 2 ;
that his reputation was consolidated by his violins, viola, violoncello, double-bass, flute,
Don Cesar de Bazan(lS72). This, and still oboe, clarinet, hom, and bassoon.
more Marie Magdeleine (1873),
his oratorio rV'. For pianoforte Scenes de bal, suite :
;
placed him in the first rank of contempo- Improvisations, 20 pieces in 3 books, of
rary Freucli eomjJosers. —

Works I. Dra- which only the first is published Lc i-oman ;
matic La grand'taute, one act, Paris, Opera d'.Vi'leciuin, children's pantomime.

:
Comique, April 3, 18G7 La coupe du roi V. Songs, etc.: Pu'iiiie du souvenir, cyclus
;
de Thule, written for the concours at the of songs; I'u'cme d'avril, do.; Pocme pasto-
Opera in 18G7, but not given, now de- ral, do.; Piji'me d'octobre, do.; Pu'aru: d'hi-
stroyed Paix et Liberie, scenic cantata.
;
Theatre Lyrique, Aug. 15, 18G7 Meduse, ;
three acts, written in 18G8, not given Don ;
Cesar de Bazan, three acts, Opera Comique,

Nov. 30, 1872 Les Erynnieit, antique trag-
;
edy in two parts, Odeou, Jan. 6, 1873, and ver, do.; Poi'me d'amour, do.; Chanson de
enlarged, Theatre Lyrique, May 15, 1876 David Rizzio and several otlier songs, ; ;
L'adbrable Bel-Boul one act, Cercle de Fetis, Supplement Eiemanu. — ;
rUuiou Artistique, 1874 Beraugore et MA TANTE AUllORE, ou le roman im-

;
Anatole, one act, ib., February, 187G one 2)romptu, opera-comique in thi'ee acts, test ;
number for Doroulede's L'Hetmau, Odeon,

Feb. 2, 1877 ; Le roi de Lahore, five acts.
Opera, April 27, 1877 ; Ilirodiade, five acts,

Brvissels, Theatre de la Monnaie, 1881 ;
Manon Lescaut, three acts, Paris, Ojiera

Comique, Jan. 19, 1884: Music to Sardou's ;
Theodora, Theatre de la Porte Saint-Martin,

j
1884 Le C'id, five acts. Opera, Dec. 1, 1885;

;
Robert de France, unfinished Les Giron- ;

j
dins, do. Eselarmoude, five acts. Opera

;
Comique, May 15, 1889.

n. Cantatas, etc. ^Mademoiselle de Mont-:
pensier, 1862 David Ivizzio, Conservatoire,

;
1863 Marie Magdeleine, sacred drama,

;
three acts, Odeon, April 11, 1873 Ect\ ;
mystery in three parts, Soeiete de I'Har-

nionie Sacree, March 18, 1875 La Viergr, ; |^'^f:/#
sacred legend in four scenes, not jierformed ;
Narcit'sc, antique idyl, Feb. 14, 1878.

TIT Orchestral : 1st suite for orchestra, by Longchamps, music by Boieldieu, fii-st
op. 13;Sci'nes hongroises, 2d do.; Over- represented at the Theatre Feydeau, Paris,
ture, entr'acte, and melodramatic music for Jan. 13, 1803. Taute Aurore is a romantic
Les T^rynnies, 3d do.; .SWhc.s pittoresques, old maid who will not allow her niece to
4th do.; Sc&nes dramatiques, after Shake- marry any but a hero proved by a thousand .
MATlllAS
adventures. Martin won a trimnph iu the tered the royal cliapel in 1G84 as a tenor
jjavt of Froiitiu. The other characters were singer, and was afterwards appointed mai-
sung by Gavaudau, Mme Saiut-Aubin, and tre de musique to the children of France.
Mme Gouthier, the last iu the title-role. Works Philemon et Baucis, given at Chii- :
Tins opera, which followed the Calife, tenay, 1703 Le prince de Catay, divertis- ;
showed a marked advance iu style and sement, ib., 1704 La tarantole, coraedie- ;
l^laced Boieldieu among the first composers ballet, ib., 1705 Arion, lyric tragedy, Paris, ;
of France. Its renown occasioned several Acadcmie Royale de Musique, 1714. Fe- —
imitations. It was first performed iu Ber- tis do., Supjjlcment, ii. 23. ;
liu, April 1, 1807.— Pougiu, Boieldieu, C7 MATILDA DI CIABR.ANO, ossia Cor- ;
Allgeui. mus. Zeitg., ix. 414. rado cuor di ferro, Italian opera senii-
MATHIAS, (AMEDEE seria, iu two acts, text by Ferrctti, music
GEORGES
SMNT-CLAIR), born iu Paris, Oct. 14, by Rossini, first rcpreseuted at the Teatro
182G, still living, 1889. Rome, Feb. 25, 1821, with great
Pianist, pupil of AjjoUo,
Chopin and Kalkbreuuer, and The cast included Mme Catterina
in comjjosi- success.
tiou of Savard, Bazin, Halcvy, and Barbe- Liijariui, IMme Aunetta Parlamagni, Sig.
reau at the Conservatoire became professor Fusconi, Fioravaute, Moncada, Ambrosi,
;
of pianoforte there iu 18G2. L. of Honour, and Parlamagni. After the first represeu-
1872. Works : Symphony for and the partisans
orchestra, op. tation Rossini's followers
22 Overtures to Hamlet, op. 23, and to of the old school disputed and fought near
;
Mazeppa, op. 55 2 concertos for pianoforte, the theatre.

; Paganiui conducted the or-
op. 21 and 56 6 trios for do. and strings 5 chestra for the first three pei'formances.
; ; It
morceaux symj^honiques for do.; Sonatas, is the only one of Rossini's operas iu wliicli
etudes, and other jiiauoforte music for 2 and the chief woman's part is written for a high
—
4 hands. Fetis, Supplement, ii. 185 Men- soj^rauo. Corradino, a military chieftain,
;
del, Ergiinz., 265 Riemaun, 55!). ; has an aversion to women aud forbids them
]\I.\THIEU, EMILE, born at LiUe, Oct. to enter his castle. Matilda, the orphan
IG, 1844, died in Paris, August, 1883. Dra- daughter of a beloved fellow-officer, gains
matic composer, pupil at the Conservatoire, admission and softens his heart. It was
Brussels, of Dupont on the pianoforte and first represented iu Loudon at the King's
of Fotis in counterpoint won the first prize Theatre, July 3, 1823
; in Paris, Oct. 15, ;
for harmony iu 18G1 and for piauoforte iu 1829 revived in London, April 18, 1854 ;
18G3, and settled at Louvain, where he be- aud sung in New York, Feb. 10, 1857. Mtue
came professor at the Academy and di- Bosio achieved great success iu this opera.
rector of the Music Society. Still comiêt- Clement etLarousse, 441 Edwards, Ros- — ;
ing at that period for the prix de Rome, sini, 225 Escudier, Rossini, 156 Ebers, ; ;
he won the second prize iu 1860 and Seven Years of the King's Theatre, 193 ;
1871, and lacked only one vote for the Berliner mus. Zeitg., vii. 197 Athenieuni ;
first in 1873, when he removed to Brus- (1854), 499 Harmonicou (1823), 11.5. ;
sels. —
Works OjDeras Lechauge, given at : MATIN, LE, symphony iu D, by Haydn,
Liege, 1863 Georges Dandiu, Brussels, composed in Eiseustadt about 17G1. Pub-
;
1876 La Bernoise, ib., 1880. Les fumeurs lished by Breitkopf & Hiirtel (Leipsic,
;
de Kifif, ballet, ib., 1876 Torquato Tasso's 17GG).— Pohl, Haydn, i. 229, 284 ii. 261.
; ;
dood, Flemish cantata Songs. Fetis, Sup- ; —

MATRIMONIO PER RAGGIRO, IL (Le
jjlument, ii. 186. mariage par ruse), Italian opera buffa, by
MATHO, JEAN BAPTISTE, born
first represented iu Rome, in
in a Cimarosa,
village of Brittany iu IGGO, died at Ver- 1779. Published by Simrock (Bonn). Same
sailles in 1746. Dramatic composer entitle, Italian opera by Piccinni, Genoa, 1793.
;
MATR1M0^•10
MATRDIONIO SEGEETO, IL (The Se- dalma, panlons all. The success of the
cret Maniage), Italian opera bulYa in two Matrimouio was extraordinary, and
segi-eto
acts, text by Bertatti, music by Ciuiarosa, the Emperor Leopold, who was present at
first represeuted in Vienna in 1792. The its second performance, gave the singers a
libretto is founded on the French operetta, banquet at its close, after which he had the
" Sophie, ou le mariage cache " (adapted entu'e opera repeated. The opera was first
from Garrick and Coleman's " Clandestine given in Paris, May 10, 1801, and at the
Mariiage"), text by Mme Riccoboni, niu,sic King's Theatre, London, Jan. 25, 1803, and
by Kohault, first represented at the Italiens, again in 1829, when Mme Malibran saug
Paris, June 4, 17(j8. Gerouimo, a rich the part of Fidalma, whichbecame one of
her favourite roles.This work was given
simultaneously at Covent Garden and at
Her Majesty's, June 14, 1849, with the fol-
lowing casts : Covent Garden Carolina, :
'
Mme Persian! ; Elisetta, Mme Grisi ; Fi-
dalma, Mlled' Augii ; Paolino, Siguor Mario
Robinson, Signer Tamburiiii ; Geronimo,
I Signor Ronconi. Her ^Majesty's Carolina, :
Mile Parodi Elisetta, Mme Giuliani Fi-

; ;
dalma, Mile Alboui Paolino, Signor Calzo- ;
I
laii Robinson, Signor F. Lablache Gero-
; ;
nimo, Signor Lablache. Adelaide Kemble

(Mrs. Sartoris)and Îme Vestris achieved
great success in this opera.It was revived
at the Lyceum, London, in February, 1871 ;
and at Covent Garden, with a new ti-ansla-

tion by W. Grist, Dec. 13, 1877. It was
first given in New York, Jan. 4, 1834, with
Ravaglia, De Rosa, Bordogni, Margozzi,
and Clementina Fanti. This opera was re-
vived in Vienna, as Die heimliche Ehe, with
recitatives by J. N. Fuchs, ilarch 15, 1884.
Arrangement for the pianoforte, published
by Simrock (Bonn) by Petei-s (Leipsic, be-
;
Maria Felicita Malibran.

I
tween 1868-73).
••
—
CK'ment et Larousse,
t-i-i- .nil 1 TJ" i f\ l--
443 Fctis, u. 304 Edwards, Hist. Opera,
; ;
merchant, has a clerk, Paolino, who has se- ii. 9G Hogarth, ii. 1G7
;
Berliner nuis. ;
cretly married Carolina, the merchant's Zeitg., viL 199 Athenaeum (1829), 461 ; ;
youngest daughter. Conte Robinson, who (1849), 651 (1871), i. 215.

j
;
has come to ask the hand of Elisetta, the M.\TROSE, DER (The Sailor), overtui-e
:
elder daughter, likes Carolina best and pro- and song for the pLay of, by Siwhr, fii-st
poses to relinquish half the dowry he performed in Cassel, Dec. 21, 1838. I*ub-
if
may marry her. The situation is further lished without opus number, by Schott
complicated by the love of Fidalma, aunt (JIainz). The song, with accompaniment
of the girls, for Paolino. Paolino and Caro- for the pianoforte for four hands arranged
Una finally are forced to declare their mar- by Spohr, was published by Paul (Drestlen).
riage,Robinson returns to Elisetta, and —Spohr, Autobiography, ii. 213 ;
Allgeni.
[
Gerouimo, through the intercession of Fi- mus. Zeitg., xli. 140.

1
MATTEL
MATTEI, Abbate STANISLAO, bom Maria di Gand, a lyric drama, London, 1877 ;
illBologua, Feb. 10, 1750, died there. May The Grand Duke, comic opera, ib., 1888 ;
17, 1825. Pupil of Padre Martini, wbose Le tourbillou, a waltz, and about 50 other
coufessor lie became, after taking holy or- compositions for pianoforte Some Italian ;
ders he cared for him tenderly during Lis melodies, and English songs.
;
Fetis, Sup- —
last years, and received his books and plement, ii. 187 ; ]\Iendel, Ergiinz., 2G7.
papers, but never ventured to continue his MATTEIS, NICOLA, Italian violinist of
unfinished History of Music. From 1770 the 17th century went to England about
;
he was Martini's deputy, and succeeded him 1G72. He is spoken of in the highest terms
as maestro di cappella of San Francesco. in Evelyn's Diary. He prosjjered exceed-
When the monasteries were suppressed, in ingly and lived so luxuriously that he
1798, he began to teach comjiosition later brought on diseases that ended his life.
;
he was appointed maestro di cappella of Works Arie, Preludij, Alemande, Sara- :
San Petronio and from the foundation of bande, etc., per il violino. Libro Primo
; ;
the Liceo, in 1804, he was its professor of Altre Arie. Libro Secondo Ayres for the ;
counterpoint. Among
were Ros- Viohn. The Third and Fourth Books Ode
his pupils ;
sini, Donizetti, Morlacchi, Palmerini, Corti-on St. Cecilia's Day in 1G9C a song in the ;
celli, and Pilot ti. He was thoroughly famil- collection, 12 New Songs (1G99). He was
iar with the traditions of the Italian school author also of The False Consonances of
of composition, but his method of instruc- Musick, or, Instructions for playing a true
tion was wanting in clearness. Works Base upon the Guitarre, etc. His son Ni-
:
Pratica d' accompagnamento sopra bassi cola (died, 1749) was also a good violinist,
numerati (Bologna, 1825-30, 3 2)arts) II lived for a long time in Vienna, afterwards
;
Librajo, intermezzo, and a Passion Oratorio, at Shrewsburj', where Burney was his pu-
; —
both lost Masses, graduals, jisalms, hymns, pil. Grove Burney, Hist., iii. 513 North, ; ;
motets, offertories, and other music in Memoirs of Musick, 122 Mendel, Ergiinz., ;
2G7 Fi'tis, vi. 27 Gerber, iii. ; ;
358 Schilling, iv. 59G. ;
MATTHAY, TOBIAS A., born

at Clapham (Loudon), Feb. 19,
1858, still living, 1889. Pianist,
pupil of Dorrell and W. Macfar-
manuscript, mostly in the libraries of San ren, and in composition of Sterndale Bennett,
Giorgio and the Minorite Convent of Bo- Sullivan, and Prout, at the Royal Academy
logna. —
Canuti, Vita di Stanislao Mattel of Music, where he afterwards served as sub-
(Bologna, 1829) Fctis do., Supplement,
; ;
professor of harmony and pianoforte, and
ii. 187 ; Mendel, Ergiinz., 2GG ; Schilling ; in 1880 was placed on the staff as assistant
Osservazioui sulla vita di Stanislao Mattel professor, in 1885 as full professor. Works
scritta dall' avvocato Filippo Canuti (Reg- 4 concert overtures, and other works for or-
gio, 1830). chestra Concert piece for pianoforte, with
;
MATTEI, TITO, born in Campobasso, orchestra Scena for contralto, do.

; A ;
May 24, 1841, still living, 1889. Pianist, Pamphlet, for violin and pianoforte Other ;
pujsil of Thalberg, Raimoudi, Parisi, Conti, chamber music, and many pianoforte jjieces ;
and Ruta in Naples ; appeared in Paris in Part-songs, and songs.

1853, then in London ; made successful pro- MATTHESON, JOHANN, born in Ham-
fessional tours in Germanj', France, and burg, Sept. 28, 1G81, died there, April 17,
Italy ; settled in London, where he is now 17G4. Dramatic and church composer, and
conductor atHer Majesty's Theatre. Works : distinguished writer ou music ;
played the
MATTIIISOX-llAXSEX
organ and the liarpsioliord, sang and com- sacri concerLati (Venice, 1G46) ; Salmi a otto
posed, nheu only nine years old ;
pupil of voci (ib., 1G41).— F.'tis.
Brunmiiller, Prii- ^^-,.-- IMAUREE, LUDWIG WILHEL^kl, bom
^' ---
toriiis, and KeU- at Potsdam, Aug. 8, 1789, died in St. Peters-
ner. Sang in op- burg, Oct. 25, 1878. Virtuoso on the vio-
era in Lis native lin, pupil of Haak ; played publicly at the
town in 1G90- age of thirteen in Berlin, and was attached
1705, acting also to the ro3-al orchestra. On its dissolution
as composer, di- after the battle of Jena, in 180G, ho set out
rector, and ac- on a concert tour to Russia ; at Riga he
companist was a ; made the acquaintance of Rode and Baillot,
friend of Handel, and was much influenced especially by the
during the latter's sojourn in Hamburg former's advice. His concerts at St. Peters- ;
became tutor to the son of the English en- burg rapidly extended his reputation. In
voy in 1704, and secretary of legation in Moscow he obtained through Baillofs in-
1706 was canon and cantor of the catlie-
; fluence the place of Kapellmeister to Chan-
dral from 1715 till 1728, when deafness cellor Wsowologsky, and followed him to
obliged him to resign was appointed court the confines of Siberia when the French in-
;
Kapellmeister by the Duke of Holstein in vaded Russia. After visiting Berlin and
1719. Works —
Operas Die Plejaden, given Paris, in 1818, he became Conzertmeister at
:
in Hamburg, 1099 Porsenua, Victor (with Hanover, returned to St. Petersburg in

;
others), Der Tod des gi'osseu Pan, ib., 1702 1832, and after another tour, in 1845, ;
Cleopatra, ib., 1704 Leretour del'age d'or, settled in Dresden.

; Later he returned to
Brunswick, 1705 Boris, Hamburg, 1710 Russia.
; Works Operas Alonzo, Der ;
— :
Henrico rV'., re diCastiglia, ib., 1711 Pro- entdeckte Diebstahl, Der neue PiU-is, of ;
logo per il re Lodovico XV., 1715 24 ora- which only the overtures have been pub-
;
torios Sonatas for flute and violin Epi- lished. Symphonie concertante for four
; ;
cedium, funeral music for Charles XIl of vioUns with orchestra, op. 55 do. for two ;
Sweden and other church music. violins, with do., op. 5G

; Mass, Variations, for ;
He was author also of many didactic and po- do., op. 30 8 concertos, 2 concertinos, 2 ;
lemic writings, biographical articles and no- fantaisies, 10 airs varies, for violin and or-
tices, and a Life of Handel (17G1). Allgem. chestra —
Airs varies, with quartet Quar- ; ;
d. Biogr., XX. Mattheson, Ehrenpforte, tets for strings, op. 17, 28 Duos coucer-
G21 ; ;
187 Piiehl, Mus. Charakterki>pfe, i. 37

; tauts for violins, op. Gl Gennau songs, ;
;
Samml. mus. Vortriige, i. 213 Eetis Schil- with pianoforte.— Allgem. d. Biogr., x.t. 707;
; ;
ling. Fetis ; Riemann ; Schilling ; Wftsielewski,

lyiATTHISON-HANSEN. See Hansen. Die Violiue, 317.
MATTIOLI, Padre ANDREA, born at iLVURERFREUDE, DIE, short cantata
Faenza about 1G17, died at Mantua after for tenor with final chorus, by Mozart, com-
1G71. Dramatic and church composer was posed April 20, and first sung at the Free Ma- ;
choirmaster in the Cathedral of Imola, and sous' Lodge, Vienna, April 24, 1785. Allcgi-o,
afterwards became canon and maestro di Andante, Presto, :\Iolto Allegro. Published
cappella to the Duke of Mantua. Works first in Vienna. Breitkopf & Hiirtel, MoziU-t
Operas L' esilio d' amore, Ferrara, 1G50 Werke, Serie 4, No. 2 (Leipsic, 1882).— Jabn,
: ;
II ratto di Cefalo, Didone, Bo- Mozart, iii. 411 KOchcl, Verzeichniss, No.
ib., 1G51 ;
;
logna, 1G5G Perseo, Venice, 1GG5

;
Gli 471 I'ptou, Standard Cantata.s, 27G. ; ;
sf(n-zi del desiderio, Ferrara, IGGG La MAUHERISCHE TRAl-EKMUSUv (Ma- ;
palma d' amore, cantata, ib., IGGG Inui sonic Funeral Music), for orchestra, ou the ;
MAXAXT
death of the brothers Mocklenburg and symphoniquo, do., op. 89 Grand rondo ;
Eszterhazy, by Mozart, op. 114, composed in brillunt, dn., oii. 28 3 Allegro de concert, ;
Vienna in Julj', 1785. It is a beautiful do. ; Grandes varia-

composition, an Adagio movement, based on tions, do. ; Fantasias
a cantus firmus. The autograph is owned Variations Etudes ; ;
by Julius Andre, of Frankfort, its pub- first Nocturnes Caprices, ;
lisher. Breitkopf & Hiirtel, Mozart Werke, etc. — Allgem. d. Bl-

Serie 10, No. 12 (Leipsic, 1881).— KOchel, ogr., xxi. 88 ; Men-
Verzeichniss, No. 477 ; Jahn, Mozart, iii. del ; F6tis Rie- ;
416 ; Gehring, Mozart, lOG ; Hanslick, Con- mann ;Schilling ;
certwesen in Wien, ii. 204. W e i t z mann , Ge-

IMAXANT, JOHANN NEPOMUK AL- schiehte des Clavier-
BERT, bom at Divicz, Bohemia, jMarch 22, spiels, 93.
1750, died at Friedberg, ib., Dec. 19, 1838. IVIAY QUEEN, THE, pastoral cantata,
Organist and church comj)oser, pupil of text by Chorlej', music by William Stern-
Rokos served as organist in several monas- dale Bennett, op. 39, first performed at the
;
teries of Ujiper and Nether Austria, and in Leeds (England) Festival, Sept. 8, 1858.
177G became choirmaster at Friedberg, Characters represented The May Queen :
near Hohenfurt. Among his pupils there (S.), Mme Novello The Queen (A.), Miss ;
was Simon Sechter. Works Mass for the Lascelles The Lover (T.), Mr. Sims
: ;
Academicians at Linz 18 other masses ; Reeves Robin Hood (B.), Mr. W'eiss. The ;
;
6 motets G Requiems 42 arias Preludes overture had been previously jierformed

; ; ;
and other music for organ Sonatas and va- under the title of Marie du Bois. The can-
;
riations for pianoforte. —

Dlabacz Gassner tata was first sung in London in 1859 in
; ; ;
Mendel "Wurzbach. ; New York, Nov. 29, 1864. It was rejjre-

MAXIMILIEN ROBESPIERRE, over- sented with scenery at the Crystal Palace,
ture for orchestra, to the tragedy of the London, Oct. 18, 1883.— Athenjeum (1858),
same by R. Griepenkerl, by Henry 11 (1859), 338 (1871), ii. 504 Upton,
title ; ; ;
Charles Litolff, op. 55. It was given by the Standard Cantatas, G4.
New York Philharmonic Society in the sea- MAYR (Mayer), (JOHANN) SMON,
son of 1850-51. Published by Meyer born at Meudorf, Bavaria, June 14, 1763,
(Brunswick, 1851). died at Bergamo, Dec. 2, 1845. Dramatic
M.\Y DAY, cantata, music by George composer, son and pujiil of a village organ-
Alexander Macfarren, first performed at the ist, he took up music again after complet-
Bradford (England) Festival, Sept. 4, 185G. ing his education at the Jesuit Seminary
Sung in London by the New ^Musical So- and the University of Ingolstadt. His pat-
ciety, Jan. 26, 1859.— Athenteum (185G), ron, Baron Thomas de Bessus, took him
1122 (1859), i. 157.
;
to Switzerland and thence to Bergamo,
MAYER, CHARLES, born at KOnigs- where he received insufficient instruction
berg, March 21, 1799, died in Dresden, July from Carlo Lenzi. Another patron. Count
2, 1862. Pianist, pupil of Field in St. Pe- Pesenti, sent him to Venice to study under
tersburg accompanied his father to Paris Bertoni, and on this patron's death he was
;
on a concert tour in 1814 lived in St. Pe- advised by Piccinni to write operas, in
;
tersburg as teacher in 1819-50, forming as which he was so successful that he \n-o-

many as eight hundred pupils travelled in duced more than seventy in 1794-1814.
;
1845 in Austria, Sweden, and Germany He was appointed maestro di cappella of ;
settled at Dresden in 1850. Works Grand S. M. Maggiore in Bergamo in 1802, and di-
:
concerto, with orchestra, op. 70 ; Concerto rector of the musical institute of Bergamo,
MAYRBEllGER
at its foundation in 1805. He was so at- Atar, 1814 ; Corl, 1815 ; Elena e Costan-
tached to Bergamo tbat be refused the tino, 1816 Mennone e Zemii-a, 1817 La-
;
;
most flattering invitations to leave but nassa, it, 1818 Le Danaidi, 1819 Inno a Pal-
; ;
made a visit to Bavaria iu 1838. lu Ber- lade, 1820 Alfredo il Grande, 1821 Fedra, ;
;
gamo be founded two charitable institu- 1822 Demetrio, 1824. Oratorios Jacob ; :
tions, tbe Scuola Caritatevole di Musica and a Labano fugiens, Venice, 1791 Sisjira, ib., ;
the Pio Istituto Musicale. For some years 1793 Tobiie matrimonium, ib., 1794 ;
;
before bis death be was blind. A monu- Da\'ide, ib., 1795 La Passione, Forli, 1794 ;
;
ment was erected to him in 1852 in Berga- n sacritizio di Jefte, ib., 1795 Samuele, ;
mo, and in 1875 bis remains and those of Bergamo, 1821 San Lnigi Gonzaga, ib., ;
bis pupil Donizetti were removed to S. 1822 Atalia, Naples, 1822. 17 solemn ;
M. Maggiore there. Though a, German ma.sses, with orchestra 4 Requiems 25 ; ;
by birth, be was Ihorouglily Italian as a psalms Vespers with orchestra .\11 tlie ; ;
comjDoser, and his works are tbe iype of psalms, for 4 5 voices, with organ Stabat ;
tbe dramatic compositions of bis time. His Mater G Miserere 3 Benedictus Several ; ; ;
operas were performed in tbe jirincipal cantatas for special occasions About 12 ;
cities of Italy. He is said to have intro- cantatas for voices only Some instrumen- ;
duced tbe crescendo of tbe orchestra, often tal music ilusical treatises Biographical ; ;
attributed to Rossini. Works 02:)eras —

notices of Haydn and Antonio Capuzzi. :
Saffo, ossia I riti d' Apollo Leucadio, 1794 AUgem. d. Biogr., xxi. 14G Allgem. mus.
;
— ;
Lodoiska, 179G Un pazzo ne fa cento, Zeitg., xlviii. 113 Fetis do.. Supplement,
; ; ;
Telemaeco, II segreto, L' intrigo delle let- ii. 189 Per il settantesimo ottavo natalizio ;
tere, 1797 Avviso ai maritati, Lauso e del celebre maestro Gio. Simone Maj-r
;
Lidia, Adriauo iu Siria, Che originali, 1798 (Bergamo, 1841) Donizetti Maj'r, notizie e
; ;
L' amor ingegnoso, L' ubbidienza per astu- documenti (ib., 1875) Finazzi, II maestro ;
zia, Adelaide di Guesclino, L' avaro, Sabino Giovanni Simone Mayr, orazione (ib., 1875) ;
e Carlotta, L' aceademia di musica, 1799 Mendel Schilling Harmonicou (182G), 133. ;
; ;
Lodoiska (with new music), Gli Sciti, La MA"i:RBERGER, ILVRL, born in Vienna,
locandiera, II carretto del venditor d' aceto, I
June 9, 1828, died at Presburg, Sept. 23,
L' etpiivoco, L' imbroglione ed Dramatic composer, pupil of Preyer
il castiga- 1881. ;
matti, 1800 Ginevra di Scozia, Le due became professor at a government institu-

;
giornate, I virtuosi, Argene, 1801 I misteri tion, and in 1SG4 Kapellmeister of the ca-
;
Eleusini, 1802 Ercole in Lidia, I finti thedral at Presburg.

;
Works Mclusina, :
rivali, Alfonso e Cora, 1803 Amor non ba opera, given at Presburg, 1876 Die Ent-
;
I
;
ritegno, Elisa, L' eroe delle Indie, 1804 fiibrung der Prinzessin Europa, burlesque ;
I
Eraldo ed locanda in locanda, opera, 1868 ]\Iusic to Oeblscbliiger's drama

Emma, Di '
L" amor conjugate, Larocciadi Frauenstein,

Yi-sa Choruses for male voices, and songs. I
;
1805 Gli Americaui, Itigeuia in Aulide, H

; Fetis, Supplement, ii. 191 Riemaun. — ;
picciol corapositore di musica, ISOG Adela- îlAYSEDER, JOSEPH, bom in Vienna,

;
sia ed Aleramo, Le due giornate (with new 'Oct. 2G, 1789, died there, Nov. 21. 18G3.
music) ; Ne 1" un ne 1' altro. Belle ciarle e ! Virtuoso on tbe violin, pupil of Sucbe ami
tristi fatti, 1807 ; I Cherusci, II vero origi- Wrauitzky, and iuflueuced by Scbuppan-
nale, 1808 II ritorno d' Ulisso, 1809 II
; ;
zigh, in whose quartets be played second
Raoul di Crequi, Amore uon sotire opposi- violin. He gave his firet concerts iu 1800,
composition
zione, 1810 Itigeniain Aulide (with new mu- and studied pianoforte and
;
sic), H disertore, ossia I'amore filiale, 1811; under Emanuel

FOrster in 1802 became ;
Medea iu Corinto, 1813 Tamerlano, 1813 solo violin in tbe court theatres in 1810,
; ;
Le due duchesse, Rosa biauca e rosa rossa, and in the court orchestra iu 181G, im-
MAZAS
perial clianibor virtuoso in 1835, and for MAZEPPA, synqihonic poem for orches-
many years played in St. Stephen's Cathe- tra, in minor, by Liszt, op. 4, No. G, first D
dral. In 1811 he received the large gold performed at the Hof theater, Weimar, in
Salvator medal from the municipality of April, 1854. It was comj)osed in Paris, be-
Vienna, in 1817 the freedom of the city, and tween 1830 and 1835, and appeared first in
in 18G2 the Order of Franz Joseph. He the twelve etudes for the pianoforte. No.
was a virtuoso of the highest rank and had 4, and orchestrated in 1850. The subject
many pupils. Works : 3 violin concertos, is taken from Victor Hugo's poem of the
2 concertinos, C polonaises, 4 rondos, 20 same title. Allegro agitato Andante ;
;
hooks of variations, 7 string quartets, 3 Allegro marziale, in which an original Cos-

quintets, 4 pianoforte trios, 3 sonatas, 3 di- sack rhythm is introduced. First performed
vertissements, 1 fantasia for pianoforte and in Leijisic, Feb. 2G, 1857 in London, at ;
violin, 1 trio for violin, harj), and horn, 2 the Crystal Palace, Dee. 8, 187G by the ;
pot-f)ourris, 1 book of violin studies, and 3 Philharmonic Society of New York in the
duets for two violins ; and, unpublished, a season of 18G5-GG. Published by Breitkopf
concert overture, a quartet, 2 quintets, and & Hiirtel (Leipsic, 185G). Arranged for the
a mass. — Allgem. d. Biogr., xxi. 140 ; lle- pianoforte for four hands by L. Stark,
censioneu und Mittheilungen iiber Theater, Breitkopf & Hiirtel (Leipsic, 1884).— Pohl,
etc. (Vienna, 18G1),No 50 (18G3), ix.
vii. ;
Liszt, 79, 397 Ramann, Liszt, 463 ; ;
801; Wurzbach, 195; Futis; Schil-

xvii. Grove, ii. 147 Neue Zeitschr., slvi. 101
; ;
ling Wasielewski, Die Violine, 344

; Hart, ; (1881), 105 Athenaium (187G), ii. 808
;
;
The Violin, 414; Dubourg, The Violin, Upton, Standard Symjjlionies, 287.
247. MAZZA, GIUSEPPE, born at Parma in
MAZAS, JACQUES FERliOL, born in 1806, died at Trieste, June 20, 1885. Dra-
Bcziers, Sept. 23, 1782, died in 1849. Vir- matic comjjoser. Works : Amor la viuco,
tuoso on the violiu, pupil of Baillot at the Lucca, 1S2G ; La vigilanza delusa, Turin,
Paris Conservatoire in 1802-5 1827 ; won the
Montenciel, Florence, 1827 L' al-
first ; ;
prize in 1805, appeared in concerts at the bergo incantato, ojêra buft'a, Florence,
Odeon, and was a member of the orchestra 1828 Elena e Malvino, Rome, 1835 La ; ;
at the Italian Ojiera. He travelled in Spain, dama irlandese, Naples, 183G Catterina di ;
England, Belgium, Italj', Germany, and Guisa, Treviso, 1838 L'orfauelladiLauissa, ;
Russia in 1811-29 was in Paris in 1829- Milan, 1838 Loocadia, Zara, 1844 Mon-
; ; ;
31, part of the time as first violin at the sieur Deschalumeaux, Najiles La prova ;
Palais Royal was later teacher and music d' un opera seria La sacerdotessa d' Iside,
; ;
director at Orleans, and in 1837 became di- Milan La sciocca per astuzia, Trieste II ; ;
rector of the music school at Cambrai, but voto di Jefte, ib. Chiara di Chalcucy. Fe- ; —
resigned in 1841, and after that seems to tis.
have lived in retirement. Works Operas —
MAZZIXGHI, JOSEPH, born in London :
Corinne au Capitole Le kiosque Musta- in 17G5, died at Bath, Jan. 15, 1844. Pu-
; ;
pha. Concerto Fantaisies, etc., for violin, pil of Johauu Christian Bach, Bertolini, Sac-
;
with orchestra Quartets, trios, and duets chini, and Anfossi became organist of the
; ;
for strings ;Method for violin Portuguese Chapel in 1775 was composer
; do. for viola. ;
— Fetis ; Riemanu Mendel,

vii. 103
; do., and director at the King's Theatre in 1784.
;
Ergiluz., 2G9 Larousse, x. 1389 Wasielew- He was a popular teacher of the pianoforte
; ;
ski, Die Violine, 377. and was the music-master of the Princess
MAZEPPA, overture, by Georges Mathias, of Wales, afterwards Queen Caroline. He
first performed at the Chatelet concerts, became a Count aliout 1830. Works Op- —
Paris, Nov. 12, 187G. eras n tesoro La belle Arsune A Day : ; ;
Mx\ZZOCCIII
ill Turkey, 1791 The Magician no Con- Fano, and other places in the Marches of An-
;
juror, 171)2 ; Ramah Diooy, 1793 The cona. In 17rlJ: Le went to Spain, conqwHed
;
Turnpike Gate, 1799 Paul and Virginia, ; operas for the tLeatres at Madrid and Lis-
1800 Tiie Blind Girl, ISOl
; Chains of ; bon, and after Lis return to Italy in 1752
the Heart, 1802 (the last five with Reeve) ;
for tbose at Parma and Naples. In 1757
The Wife of Two HuHbands, 1803 The Ex- ; he was elected president of the Accademia
ile, 1808 The Free Knights, 1810. About
; Filarmonica, in 1758 called to St. Peters-
70 sonatas The Wreath, and other glees
;
;
burg, whence Le went to Sweden and Den-
Songs Mass G hymns Much pianoforte
; ; ; mark, returning to Bologna in 17G1, when
music 3 quartets Symphonic coneertante
; ; Le was appointed maestro di cappella at S.
for violins, flute, viola, and bass Music for ; Giovanni in Monte, and in 1707 at the
wind instruments Tyro-Musicus, being a ; cathedral (S. Pietro). In 1773 lie was
complete introduction to the pianoforte, elected president of the Accademia f<3r the
—Grove Mendel, Ergiinz., 2G9 Futis
; ; ;
fourth time. Works — Operas Le astuzie
:
Bingley, Mus. Biog., ii. 25G. amoroso, opera buffa, Modeua, 1754 ; I
MAizOCCHI, DOMENICO, bom at viaggiatori ridicoli, Parma, 175G Ifi-

do., ;
Civita Castellana, end of the IGtli century. genia in Tauride, Treviso, 175G AcLille iu ;
He was and passed most Sciro, Najiles, 175G.

doctor of civil law, Mass for 8 voices ;
of Lis life in Rome. He was the first to use Magnificat for do. Laudati pueri, for a ;
the signs for crescendo and diminuendo. voice, witL orcLestra. A number of Lis
Works — Oratorios : Le catene d' Adone compositions are in tbe Liceo at Bologna.
(Venice, 1G2G) ; II martirio de' Santi Abun- —
Fetis.
dio prete, Abbundanzio diacouo, Marziano MAZZUCATO, ALBERTO, born at
e Giovanni suo figliuolo(Rome, 1C31). Mad- Udine, Friuli, July 28, 1813, died in Milan,
rigals (ib., 1G25) Motets (ib., 1G28) Mad- Dec. 31, 1877. Dramatic composer, pujjil
; ;
rigals (ib., 1638) Madrigals (ib., IG-iO) of Brcsciaui

; became instructor of singing ; ;
Tutti li versi latini del Sommo Pontefice at the Milan Conservatorio in 1839, of com-
Urbano VIU. (ib., 1C38).— Buruey, Hist., iii. position iu 1851 was appointed lecturer ;
529 Fetis Mendel Schilling Gerber.

; ; on aesthetics and history of music in 1852,
; ;
MAZZOLANI, ANTONIO, born at Ruina, and succeeded Lauro Rossi as director in

Ferrara, Dec. 2G, 1819, still living, 1889. 1872. He was director of the Scala in
Dramatic composer, pupil at Ferrara of 1854-55, and maestro concertatore iu 1859-
Padre Francesco Zagagnoni, afterwards of G9 edited for several years the Gazzetta mu- ;
Filippo Ferrari having returned to Lis sicale di Jlilano, and the Giornale della So-
;
native town, Le settled five years later at cieta del Quartetto. Works Operas La — :
Ferrara to teacL music, and founded a fidanzata diLammermoor, Padua, 183-t Don ;
choral society, for wLicL Le composed many Chisciotto, Milan, 183G Esmeralda, Man- ;
cantatas and choruses went soon after to tua, 1838 I corsari, Milan, 1840 I due
;
; ;
Iiucca, but returned to Ferrara in 1853. sergenti, ib., 1841 Luigi V., ib., 1843 Er- ; ;
Wôrks II tradimeuto, given

: at Lucca, naiii, Genoa, 1843. Roma, a hymn Mass ; ;
1852 ;
Eurico di Vespers Songs. He was author also of arti-
Gismonda, Ferrara, 1853 ; ;
Charlis, ovvero il ritonio dalla Russia, ib., cles on music, and many ti-anslations of mu-
187G.— Fctis, Supiik'uient, ii. 192. sical works. Fetis do.. Supplement, ii. — ;
MAZZONI, ANTONIO, born Bologna 193 Riemanu Mendel, Ergiinz., 2G9. at ; ;
in 1718, died there (?) after 1773. Dra- MEDEA, overture for orcLestra by Wol-
matic and church composer, pupil of Pre- demar Bargiel, op. 22, first performed
iu
dieri, and while still quite young acted as Leipsic in 18G1. It is one of Bargiel's best
•
played. It
maestro di cappella in several churches at compositions and is frequently |
MEDEA
was first given by the New York Philhar- Medea Mme Pasta.
iiiouic Giasone
Society iu the season of 18GJ;-65. Signor Curioni.
rublisbed by Leuckart (Breslau, 18G2). Creusa Mme Caradori-Allan.
— Hanslick, Concertwesen in Wien, ii. 423 Egeo ;
Siguor Torri.
Deutsche mus. Zeitg. (18G2), 147 Allgem. Creonte ;
Signor Porto.
mus. Zeitg. (18G4), 463. Giasone, returning victorious to Corinth,
MEDEA, melodrama, text by Gotter, and shocked by Medea's crimes, deserts her
music by Georg Beuda, represented iu for Creusa, daughter of Creonte, King of
1778. It was given iu Stettin in Septem- Corinth. Egeo, King of Athens, the slight-
ber, 1806, with Mme Meyer as Medea, and ed lover of Creusa, comes to Corinth and,
iu Beriiu, Dec. 13, 1807. Pubhshed by discovering that his rival is Giasone, con-
Schwickert (Leipsic).— Allgem. mus. Zeitg., spires with Medea for revenge. As Gaisone
ix. 13.
and Creusa are about to perform the nup-
MEDEA, Italian opera in three acts, text rites, Medea sets fire to the altar,
tial and
by Castiglia, music by Pacini, first ref)re-
Creusa is seized by Egeo's soldier.s, but is
sented in Palermo, Nov. 28, 1843.— Mus. rescued, and Egeo is imprisoned. In the
Wochenblatt (1881), 45 Riemanu, Opern- second act Medea is seen at her incantation
;
Haudbuch, 241.
in a cavern, and Creusa and Giasone renew
MEDEA, scena for sopi-ano, V)y Alberto
theu- vows in a bower. Creusa and Giasone
Kandegger, sung by Mme Rudersdorff at
are married, but Creusa soon dies of a poi-
the Gewandhaus, Leipsic, 18(59.
soned robe sent by Medea. Medea, about
MEDEA IN CORINTO, Italian opera in
tobe dragged to prison, stabs her two chil-
two acts, text by Rosetti, music by Simon
dren,and makes her exit iu a car drawn
by dragons across a stage enveloped in
flames. Mme Pasta won her greatest artis-
tic success in this opera. Published by Ri-
cordi (Milan). — Allgem. mus. Zeitg., xvi.
233 ; xxv. 231 ; Chorley, Modern German
Music, 334 Harmouicon (1826), 134,
ii. ;
154 Seven Years of the King's Theatre,

;
300 Queens of Song, ii. 11.

;
MEDECIN MALGRfi LUI, LE, opera-

eomique in three acts, text by Carre and
Barbier, after Moliere's comedy of the .same
title, music by Gounod, first represented at
the Thi'atre Lyrique, Paris, Jan. 15, 1858,
on the anniversary of Moliure's birth.
Characters represented :
Sganarelle M. Meillet.
Leandre M. Froment.
Lucas M. Girardot.
Pasta, .ns Medea.
Martine ^Mlle Faive.
Mayr, represented at the Teatro San

first
Jacqueline Mle Girard.
Carlo, Naples, Dec. 1, 1813, with great suc- It was represented at Covent Garden, Lon-
cess. It was given iu Paris, Jan. 14, 1823, don, as The Mock Doctor, Feb. 27, 18G5.
and at the King's Theatre, Loudon, June 1, The English versiou, by Charles Lamb Ken-
1826, -with this cast : ney, was published by Chappell & Co.
MfiDECm
(London, 18G5). Same
opcra-comique Mrae St-ickl - Heinefetter, MUc Cruvelli,
title, I
iu three acts, by Desaiigiers, text by his Mme ]\Iilder, and

Mme Schnider-Devrieiit
son, after Moliere, represented at the Thea- achieved great
success in the title-rule. It
tre Feydeau, Paris, Jan. 26, 1792.— Clement was revived in
Frankfort-on-the-Main in
et Larousse, Revue et Gaz. nius. de 1844, with Mle Eeuter as Medea; was
44.') ;
Paris (1858), 17 Atbenseum (18G5), i. 2.5, given in London, at Her JIajesty's, in Ital-
;
319. ian, with recitatives by Arditi, June

6, 1865.
MEDECIN TURC, LE, opt'ra-boufPou in at Covent Garden, April 30, 1870, and re-
one act, text by Villiers and Armand vived in Vienna in November, 1880,
with
Gouflte, music by Nicolo Isouard, first rep- Frau Ehnn as Medea and
Herr Labatt as
resented at the Opera Comiquc, Paris, Nov. Jason. The overture and airs arranged
for
19, 1803. It is one of Nicolo's best works. the pianoforte by the comiroser.
published
Forbs, caj)tured by the Turks in Constanti- by Imbault (Paris, 1802) by Simrock ;
nople, becomes a slave of the Grand Vizier, (Bonn, 1819) and by Breitkopf & Hiirtel ;
while his wife, AdMe, is confined in the (Leipsic). The overture was fii-st per-
harem of Kalil, the Turkish doctoi-. Forlis formed by the Philharmonic Society of New
impersonates a madman, goes to Kalil to York in the season of 1856-57. Bellasis, —
be cured, rescues his wife, and returns to Cherubini, 81; Allgem. mud. Zeitg., iL
France. The part of Forlis was written for 508, 683, 700 Chorley, Modern German ;
Elleviou, who ajipeared in the original cast. Music, ii. 223 Le Sli'nesti-el (1880-81), ;
La suite du mOdecin turc was written by 410 Mus. Wochenblatt (1881), 43 Athe- ; ;
Arquier, 1811 and an opera- naeum (1870), i. 620.

Marseilles, ;
comique, text by Guillaume Meynne, mu- MEDITATION RELIGIEUSE. See

sic by Jouret, Brussels and Paris, 1845. TrLstia.
— Clement et Larousse, 446. MEERESSTILLE UND GLtCKLICHE
MEDEE, tragedie-lyrique in three acts, FAHRT (Calm at Sea, and Prosperous Voy-
text by Hoffmann, music by Cherubini, age), for four voices and orchestra, on Goe-
first represented at the Theatre Feydeau, the's poem, by Beethoven, op. 112, first
Paris, March 13, 1797. Original cast performed Great Redoutensaal, Vi-
at the
enna, Dec. 25, 1815, the year of its compo-
Medee Mme Scio.
sition. It was first given in Leipsic, Jan.
Jason M. Gaveaus.
30, 1823. It dedicated to Goethe L
is :
Creon M. Dessaules.
Meeresstille (Sostenuto) U. Glilckliehe ;
Subject, the story of the Golden Fleece. It was first pub-

Falirt (Allegro vivace).
The overture, in F minor, which is by Steiner & Co. (Vienna, 1823) by
fre- lished ;
quently played at concerts, is treated with Haslinger (Vienna) and by Breitkojjf ife ;
breadth and style, .ind is full of effective Hiirtel, Beethoven Werke, Serie 21, No.
combinations. The main interest of the 209.—Thayer, Verzeichniss, 127 ; Notte-
opera centres in the character of Modee, bohm, Verzeichniss, 107 ; Marx, Beethoven,
which is wrought with classic grandeur and ii. 155 ; Nohl, Beethoven, ii. 549 iii. 69 ; ;
portrays a wide range of emotion. Chorley Beethoven's Letters (Lady Wallace), ii. 152 ;
calls the first act " one of the marvels of Allgem. mu.s. Zeitg., xviii. 78 xxiv. 674 ; ;
music ; almost in opera what one of Lear's Berliner, mus. Zeitg., i. 391 ; Grove, ii. 245.
great scenes is iu tragedy." The part of MEERESSTILLE L'ND GLUCKLICHE

]\Ii'dee is written without mercy concert overture in D, for orches-
for the FAHRT,
voice, and requires great physical energy tra, by Mendelssohn, op. 27, first perfonu-
'
as well as dramatic scope. Partly owing to ed in Berlin, Dec. 1, 1832. It was coni-
this, the opera has passed from the stage. posed in 1828 and is dedicated to Friedrich
|
MEEPvTS
^Vilhelm, Crown Prince It was of Prussia. chief numbers arc The dance of the peas-
:
afterwards remodelled and published iu ants and burghers to the waltz, "Juhe
1834. It was first performed bj- the Phil- Juhe ;
" Faust's aria, " Dai campi, dai
harmonic Society, London, in February, prati

;
" Mefistofele's aria, " Son lo sjairito ;"
1836 and by that of New York iu the sea-

;
the quartet, " Addio, fuggo," closing Act
son of 1849-50. Published by Breitkopf & HI. ;
" Eeco il mondo," sung by Mefistofele
on the Brocken and the duet, " La luua
Hilrtel, Mendelssohn Werke, Serie 2, No. 9. ;
— Grove, ii. 245 Eeissmanu, Mendelssohn,

; immobile," between Helen and Pautalis.
G9 Athenfcum (183G), 163.
;
It was first represented iu London at Her
INIEEETS, LAIMBERT (JOSEPH), born Majesty's, July 6, 1880 iu New York, Nov. ;
at Brussels, Jan. 6, 1800, died there, May

12, 18G3. Violinist, at first an amateur, he
became a member of the theatre orchestra
at Antwerp when sixteen years old after- ;
wards studied in Paris imder Lafont and

Habeneck, receiving also advice from Bail-
lot. On his return to Brussels he began
to teach, entered the city orchestra iu 1828,
became solo violinist iu 1832, and professor
at the Conservatoire iu 1835. His instruc-
tive comijositions are held in great esteem.
Among them are : Etudes pour violon avec
aceompagnement d'un second violon Mu- ;
canisme du violon 12 etudes on double ;
stojiping 3 books of etudes on the 2d, 4th,

;
and 6th position 12 rhythmic etudes on ;
motives by Beethoven 3 etudes iu fugue 1880 and iu Boston, in English, in the

; 24, ;
.and staccato ; etc. — same year. Published by Eicordi (JNIilan).

Fi'tis ; Kiemanu.
MEFISTOFELE, Italian opera in four Clement et Larousse, 926 —
Athenaium ;
acts, with prologue and epilogue, text and (1880), ii. 55 The Academy (1880), ii. 35 ; ;
music by Arrigo Boito, first rejiresented at Signale (1881), 305; New York Musical
La Scala, Milan, in March, 1868. The work Review (1880), ii. 175 Upton, Standard ;
was condemned by the Milanese critics, who Operas, 70.

called Boito the "Italian Wagner," but it MEGLIO, VINCENZO DE, born at
was revived in Bologna, Oct. 4, 1875, with Naples, April 9, 1825, stiU living, 1889.
Mme Borghi-Mamo and Signori Nannetti Pianist and dramatic composer, pupil of
and Camj)anini iu the cast, with immense Pasquale Muguoue, and of Francesco Lanza
success. Alwina Valleria has been very suc- on the pianoforte, of Casella in harmony,
cessful in the part of Helen. It is considered and of Mario Aspa in counterpoint then ;
one of the strongest modern Italian ojjeras. studied at the Conservatorio the oboe, and
The libretto is a paraphrase of both parts of theory under Parisi and Francesco Ruggi.
Goethe's Faust. The subject is treated from Works Ermelinda, oiêra, Najiles, Teatro :
a dramatic and picturesque rather than Nuovo, 1848 Giocrisse, fai'ce, ib. Le tre ; ;
a philosophical or mystical jJoint of view. ore di agonia, oratorio ; 5 trios for piano-
The music is a combination of Italian and forte and strings About 200 pianoforte ;
German styles, and the Leitmotiv is fre- pieces Eco di Napoli, a collection of 50 ;
quently used in the orchestra, the treat- Neapolitan canzoui. — Fctis, Sufiplement, ii.
ment of which is effective and varied. The 197.

MEllUL
MtHUL, ^TIEKNE NICOLAS, boru but it was too late, and be returned to Paris
:
at Givet (Ardennes), June 22, 17G3, died only to die.

i
M.'hul's lack of sound early

in Paris, Oct. 18, musical trainin-j prevented bis ever be-
1817. Dramatic coming a tborougb master of the tecbnique
composer, son of a of composition be always acknowledged
;
cook, wbo was too Cberubini and Catel as vastly bis superiors
poor to educate in musical knowledge. His sympbonies,
him but by bard
; given at tbe Conservatoire, are inferior to tbe
work, aided by works of tbe true sympbonic masters some ;
some t e a c b i n g on tbe otber baud, are de-

of bis overtures,
from a laoor blind cidedly in advance of any tbat bad pre-
organist, be made viously been written in France. He was
such progress well versed in cburcb music, and bandied
tbat in 1773 be the Gregorian modes with ease and natural-
was apiôiuted organist to tbe Convent des Tbe most consjoicuous quality in bis
Recollets at Givet. Soon after be studied dramatic music is its true passionateness ;
under Wilbelm Hanser at tbe neighbor- his melodies are noble in character, if at
ing convent of Lavaldieu, where in 1777 times lacking in grace and charm. In his
be became deputy organist. In 1778 he orchestration he attempted many novel
went to Paris, where he began to give les- combinations, often with success. Unlike
sons for a living, and to study the pianoforte Gretrj-, he had not the good luck of con-
and composition under Edelmann. In 1779 stantly finding libretti exactly suited to his
a bearing of Gluck's Iphigc'uie en Tauride peculiar genius, and he found himself at-
produced such an impression upon him tracted by almost any subject. Tliis, to-
tbat he went for advice to Gluck, who gave gether with bis imperfect early training,
him instruction in musical iBsthetics, and may account for his repeated attempts to
advised him to abandon church music, in change his style. Yet be was certainly the
which he had already met with some suc- French opera between
greatest figure in
cess, for the lyric drama. He wTote three Gluck, and Cberubini and Spoutini.
His
operas (never given, and since lost) merelygreatest work was Joseph. His portrait
was engraved by Quenedej- in 1808.
for jiractice. Another opera, Cora et Alonzo,
was accepted by tbe Acadt'mie de Musique, "Works I. Operas —
Psycho (never per- :
but never performed. Having become ac- formed, score lost) Anacreon (do.) ; ;
quainted with Hoffmann, he set his libret- Lausus et Lydie, 3 acts (do.) Hypsipyle, ;
to, Eupbrosine et Coradin, to mu.sic, and do. Euphrosine et Coradin, on le tyran

;
tbe ojjera was brought out with immense con-ige, 3 acts, Theatre Italien, SepL 4,
success at the Tbuatre ItaUen in 1790 1790 Alonzo ct Cora, 4 acts, Opi'ra, Feb.
;
;
from this time his productiveness, as well 15, 1791 Slralunice, 1 act, Opt'ra Comique,
;
as his almost unvarying success, was as- May 3, 1792 Le congrrs des Rois, 3 acta ;
tonishing. appointed inspector at (with Berton, Blasius, Cberubini. Dalayrac,

He was
the Conservatoire from its foundation was Deshayes. Devienne, Grctry, Jadin, Kreu-
;
elected to the Institut in 1795, and made tzer, Solio, and Trial fils), Opi'ra Comique,
chevalier of the Legion ofHonour in 1802. Feb. 2G, 1793 Le jeune sage et le vieux ;
When he reached the age of fifty his health fou, 1 act, ib., March 28, 1793 Honitius ;
began to fail, and in 1810 it was generally Codes, 1 act, Opi'ra, Feb. 18, 1794 Aruii- ;
not
recognized that he was dying of cousumi> nius, written for tbe Opera in 1794, but
tion. He spent two months in Provence, given Fhw.-iite et lli'lidor, 3 acts, Opera
;
hoping for benefit from change of climate, Comique, May 4, 1794 Scipiou, not per-
, ;
MEI
formed ; La cavei'ne, 3 acts, Ojjyra Comique, hymn written for the fourth anniversary of
Dec. 1795
4, Tancri-de et Cloriude, not the taking of the Bastile, July 14, 1794.
;
performed Sesostris, do.

; Agar dans le ;
di'sert, do. Doria, 1797 La toupie et le

; ;
IDapillon, Theatre Moutausier, 1797 Le ;
jeune Henri, 2 acts, of wliicli the overture,

La chasse du jeune Henri, survives, The-utre — VieUlard, Notice biogi-aphique (Paris,
Favart, May
1797 Le pont de Lodi, 1
1, ; 1859) ;
Quatremere de Quincy, do. (ib., Di-
act, O^x-ra Comique, Dec. 15, 1797 Adrien, ;
dot, 1818) ; Fetis.
3 acts, Tlieatre de la Ri'iûblique et des MEI, ORAZIO, born at Pisa in 1719,
Arts, June 4, 1798 Ariodant, 3 acts, The- ; died at Leghorn, October, 1787. Church
atre Favart, Oct. 11, 1798 Epicure, 3 acts ; composer, Giovanni M.iria Clari
pujiil of ;
(with Cherubini), Opora Comique, March was organist Cathedral of Pisa un-
at the
14, 1800; Bion, 1 act, ib., 1801; Ulrato, til 1763 after that time became maestro
;
ou lemportc', 1 act, ib., Feb. 17, 1801 Une ; di cappella at the Cathedral of Leghorn.
folic, 2 acts, ib., April 4, 1802 Le trOsor ; Works La : cireoncisione, oratorio ; La mu-
suppose, ou le danger decouter aux portes, sica, cantata ; Stabat Mater ; 2 Requiems 30 ;
ib., July 29, 1802 Joanna, 2 acts, Feydeau,

; masses ; Vespers Motets ; ; Te Deum Con- ;
Nov. 22, 1802 L'heureux malgre lui, 1802

; ;
certos ; Sonatas Fugues. ; — Fetis ; Mendel.
Helena, 3 acts, Opera Comique, M:u-ch 1, MEIFRED, JOSEPH EiHLE, born at
1803 ; Le baiser et la quittance, ou une Colmars (Basses-Alpes), Nov. 22, 1791, died
aventure de garnison (with Boieldieu, in Paris, Aug. 29, 1867. Virtuoso on the
Isouard, and Kreutzer) 3 acts, ib., June 18, horn, pupil of Dauprat at the Paris Con-
1803 Les deux aveugles de Tolede, 1 act,
; servatoii-e, where he was professor in 1833-
ib., Jan. 28, 1806 Uthal, 1 act, Feydeau, ; G5. He jjerfected the valve-horn on its
May 17, 1806 Gabrielle d'Estrees, ou les
; introduction into France, and composed
amours de Heuri R'., 3 acts, O^sera Co- duos, and melodies for 2 horns. He pub-
mique, June 25, 1806 Joseph, 3 acts, Fey- ; lished two methods, and some pamphlets
deau, Feb. 17, 1807 Les Amazones, ou la ; on the use and the resources of that instru-
fondation de Thebes, 3 acts. Opera, Dec. ment. — Fetis.
17, 1811 Le i^riuce troubadour, 1 act.
; MELLAND, JAKOB, born at Senften-
Opera Comique, May 4, 1813 L'oriflamme, ;
berg. Upper Lusatia, iu 1542, died in Celle
1 act (with Berton, Kreutzer, and Paer), in 1577. He was educated as a choir-boy
Opera, Jan. 1814 La journee aux iu the royal chapel in Dresden then trav-
31, ; ;
aveutures, 3 acts, Feydeau, Nov. 16, 1816 elled and studied iu Italy ; became Kapell- ;
Valentine de Milan (finished bv Daussoigne-

Mehul), ib., Nov. 28, 1822.
n. Ballets, etc. Le jugemeut de Paris, :
1793 ; La dansomanie, 1800 Le retour ;
d'Ulysse, 1809 Per-

see et Andromede,
;
^jfeWÂ.
1811 Overture, en-
;
tr'actes, and cho- meister at Anspach, and later at

ruses to QCdipe roi, Celle. "Works 3 books of Cantiones sacrre, :
not performed Mu- ; quinque et sex vocum (Nuremberg, 1564,

sic to the drama Les 1572, 1573); XXXm. Motetten mit deutsch-
Hussites, Theatre de la Porte Saint-Martin, em, auch lateinischem Text, X\T!. AVeltliche
1804 ; and Le chant du dejjart, national teutsche Gesiinge, Sacne Aliquot Cantiones
MEINARDUS
(Frankfort, 1575) Cantioncs aliquot novae aiEIN GLAUBIGES HERZE,
; I
soprano
(ib., 1576, 2a in F major, with accompaniment of
ed., Erfurt, 1588) ; Cyguea aria
cantiones latinse et germanicm (Wittenberg, oboe, violin, violoncello piccolo, and con-
1790).— Futis Gerber ; ScbiUiug ; Eie- tinuo, in Johann Sebastian Bach's cantata
;
niann ; Winterfelil, Kirchengesang, i. 339 ;

for Feria II Pentecostes, " Also hat Gott
Ambros, Gescb., iii. 5G1. die Welt geliebt" (Bachgesellschaft, No.
MEINAEDUS, LUDWIG (SIEGFRIED), 68). Published separately, in full and pi-
born at Hooksiel, anoforte score, with additional accompani-
Oldenburg, Sept. ments by Robert Franz (Halle, Karnu-odt).
17, 1827, stiU living, It is to be noted that this edition of Franz's
1889. Instrumental is the only existing completed arrangement
and vocal composer of this favourite air, in which Bach's con-
and writer on mu- tiuuo has been ^jreserved unchanged.
sic, pupil at tbe aiEIN HEDI (My Home), overture for
Conservatorium and orchestra, by Antonin Dvorak, op. 62, first
of Riecius at Leip- given at the Philharmonic Concert, Bud.a-
sie, then of Liszt at Pesth, in 1883. Published by Sinirock
"Weimar, finally of Marx in Berlin, having (Berlin, 1882).
in the meanwhile acted as Kapellmeister of MEIN HERE UND GOTT. See Lohen-
the theatres at Erfurt and Nordhausen. In grin.
1853-65 he conducted the Siugakademie at 3IEIN JESUS HAT NTJNilEHR, so-
Glogau, then became f)rofessor at the Con- prano aria in E minor, with accompani-
servatorium in Dresden, and in 1874 set- ment of 2 oboes, strings complete, and con-
tled in Hamburg, to devote himself to com- tiuuo, in Johann Sebastian Bach's cantata,
position and musical criticism removed to " Gott fiihret auf mit .Jauchzen,' Part I.
;
Bielefeld in 1887. The Grand Duke of Ol- MEIN SEELENSCHATZ 1ST GOTTF-S
denburg gave him the title of music direc- WORT, soisrano aria in E-llat major, with
tor in 18G2. Works — Oratorios
Simon accomiâuiment of 2 flutes in unison, 4 vio- :
Petrus ; Gideon,
KiJnig Salomo, las do., and continuo, in Johann Sebastian
o}). 24 ;
op. 25 Luther in Worms, op. 36 Odruu. Bach's cantata for Dom. Sexagesimie,
; ;
Choral ballads Roland's Schwanenlied, op. " Gleich wie der Regen und Schnee vom
:
22, No. 1 ; Frau Hitt, op. 22, No. 2 ; Die Himmel fallt " (Bachgesellschaft, No. 18).
Nonne, op. 35 ; Jung Baldur's Sieg ; Pas- Published separately, with additional ac-
sionslied, for chorus, soli, and orchestra, companiments by Robert Franz (Leipsic,
op. 19 Deutsche Messgesilnge, for chorus Whistling).
;
and organ, op. 6. Wanderlied, for chorus MEISTER VON k\l^, DER, oratorio
with wind instruments, op. 17 2 sympho- by Loewe, written between 1848 and 1860.
;
nies Quintet for pianoforte and strings

;
MEISTERSINGER VON NURNBERG, ;
3 trios for do. String quartets Octet for DIE (The Mastcrsingers of Nuremberg),
; ;
wind instruments Sonatas for violin and musical comedy in three acts, text and mu-
;
pianoforte Sonata for violoncello and do.

; sic by Richard Wagner, first represented at ;
Pianoforte music, and songs. Two operas, Munich, June 21, 1868, under the direction
Bahuesa and Doktor Sassafras, have not as of Hans von Billow. Original cast :
yet been performed. Among his writings

are Kulturgeschichtliche Briefe iiber deu- Hans Sachs, Schuster (B.) Herr Betz.
tsche Toukunst (1872), and Mozaii, ein Veit Pogner, Goldschmied (B.) .Bausewein. .
Kiinstlerleben (1882). — Mendel, Ergiiuz., Kunz Vogelgesang, Kiirschner (T.).Heiurich.

272 ; Eiemami. Kourad Nachtigall, Spengler (B.) SigL
MEISTERSINGER
Sistus Beckmesser, Scbreiber (B.). .Holzel. man, foretold by his horn, disperses the
Fritz Kotliiier, Biicker (B.) Fischer. crowd. The third act opens in the shop of
Balthazar Zoru, Zinngiesser (T.), Sachs, to whom Walther and Eva have come
Weixlstorfer. for advice. Walther sings a dream-song
Uh'icb Eisslinger, Wi'irzkrilmer (T.).Hoppe. and Sachs transci-ibes it and gives him ad-
Augustiu Moser, Schneider (T.) Pijppl. vice. Beckmesser enters and, finding the
Hermaim Ortel, Seifeiisieder (B.). .Toms. . . song, supposes it to be by Sachs and appro-
Hans Schwarz, Strumpfwirker (B.) .Grasser. priates it. Sachs discovers the theft, but
Hans Foltz, Knpferschmied (B.) Hayn. presents it to Beckmesser and promises not
Walther von Stolziug (T.) Nachbauer. to claim the authorship of it if he will sing it
David (T.) Schlosser. at the competition. The second scene is an
Nachtwiichter (Bar.) F. Lanz.
Eva (S.) Frl. MalHnger.
Magdalene (C.) Fran Diez.
Scene at Nurenaberg in the 16th century.
Veit Pogner, a rich goldsmith, desu-ing to
honour his guild, the Mastersingers, offers
his daughter Eva in marriage to the success-
ful competitor at their annual singing con-
test on the Feast of St. John. Walther von
Stolzing, a young knight, in love -with Eva,
hears of this first in churchon the day be-
fore the Feast, but determines to enter the
guild to qualify himself for the comj)etitiou.
David, an apprentice of Hans Sachs and in
love with Magdalene, Eva's maid, endeav-
ours to give him some instruction, but
is interrupted by the gibes of the boys.
The trial of the candidates takes place in

the church in the afternoon, and Walther,
knowing nothing of the rules of the Master-
singers, makes a failure, but his cause is
espoused by Hans Sachs against Beckmes-
ser, the town clerk, who hopes to gain the open meadow, covered with tents and merry-
goldsmith's wealth by winning his daugh- makers, on the banks of the river, which is
ter. The second act shows Pogner's house crowded with boats. The diS'erent guilds of
and Sachs's shop by night. Walther and singers arrive, each entering to a character-
Eva are about to elope when Beckmesser istic chorus. The competition begins and
arrives to serenade Eva. Sachs interrupts Beckmesser makes a stupid failure with Wal-
his singing by lustily shouting a folk-song, ther's song, and is hooted. Becoming en-
but agrees to listen to Beckmesser if he raged he charges the authorship to Sachs,
will permit him to mark the errors of his who replies that it is a good song when cor-
composition with blows of his hammer on rectly sung, and calls on Walther to sing it.
the shoe he is making. The town clerk be- The knight does so to the delight of all,
comes enraged by Sachs's frequent pound- and is awarded the hand of Eva. Among
ing, and is at last driven off by David, who the chief numbers are the address by
suspects that he is serenading his sweet- Pogner, offering Eva as a prize to the suc-
heart Magdalene. The cominpr of the watch- cessful singer, " Das schone Fest, Johaunis-
MELLE
Tug ;
" Walther's song, wliou a candidate er-Motive (Hamburg, 1873) ; Lanz, Ueber
for election to the guild, " So rief der Leiiz die erste AuffUhrung Richard Magner's
in den Wald " Sachs's rollicking song, in Meistersinger vou Niirnberg ; Doni, Die
;
interruption of Beckmesser's serenade, " Je- Meistersinger von Ndrnberg Kastuer, ;
rum Jerimi Halla, halla, he ; " his song Wagner Catalog, GG Gumpreclit, Neue
! ! !
;
in his shop on the morning of the contest, Bav- musikalische Characterbilder, 176 ;
" Wahn Wahn Uberall Wahn " Wal-

! !
306 ! ; reuther Blatter (188.5), 68 ; (1888), ;
ther's prize song, " Morgenlich leuchteud Mus. Wochenblutt (1870), 249, 262, 343 ;
in rosigem Schein " and the final choinjs (1871), 81, 433, 468, 481; (1872), 81;
;
of the people, " Heil Sachs Hans Sachs (1875), 225, 236, 272, 299, 313, 323 (1883),
! !
;
Heil Niirnberg's theurem Sachs " The 607 (1884), 109, 177, 189 Neue Zeitschr. !
; ;
original sketch of the Meistersinger was (1883), 437; Athemeum (1881), ii. 410;
made at Dresden in 1845, the same year (1882), i. 709 Krehbiel, Review (1885-86), ;
the poem of Lohengrin was written. The 94 Schure, Le drame musical (1886), ii. ;
poem was begun in Paris in the winter of 191 Upton, Standard Operas, 271. ;
1861-G2, and printed in the latter year MELLE (:\Iel), RENAUT DE (in Italian,
(Mainz, Schott) the music was begun in Riualdo del Mele), Flemish composer of the
;
1802, and the score was finished, Oct. 20, 16th century, born at Liege. Having served
18G7. The pianoforte score, arranged by Sebastiiio, King of Portugal, and his succes-
Tausig, was published in 18G7, and the full sor. Cardinal Dom Henrique, in the capac-
score in 1868 (Mainz, Schott) a facilitated ity of mestre de capella, he went in 1580 to
;
pianoforte score, by Kleinmichel, was isub- Rome. Later he became musician to Ga-
lished later. There are various arrangements briele Paleotto, iVi-chbishop of Bologna was ;
for the pianoforte, including Versammlung in Liege in 1587, and appointed maestro di
der Meistersingerzunft, for two and for four cappella at Magliauo in 1591. Works Many :
hands by Hans von Biilow, and also a Para- books of madrigals Several books of mo- ;
phrase of the Quintet in Act HI. by von Bil- tets Litanie della B. V. a cinque voci (Ant- ;
low (Schott) Reminiscenzen in 4 parts by werp, 1589).— Futis Mendel, Ei-giiuz., 274
; ; ;
Joachim Raflf (Schott) ; Vorspiel for piano- Gerber ; Schilling.

forte for four hands by Carl Tausig and A. MELLON, ALFRED, born at Birming-
Horn and Walther's Preislied for
(Schott), ham, England, in 1820, died in Loudon,
violin with orchestra by August Wilhelmj, March 27, 1867. He was violinist in sev-
also for violin with j)iauoforte. Other ar- eral orchestras and, later, leader of the bal-
rangements for various instruments. The let at Covent Garden, London then di- ;
work was given first in Vienna, Feb. 27, rector of the Haymarket and Adelphi The-
1870 in Berlin, April 1, 1870 in Leipsic,
; ; atres, of the Pyne and Harrison English
Dec. C, 1872 in London, Drury Lane,; Opera Company, of the Musical Society, of
May 30, 1882 and in New York, Metro- ; the Covent Garden Promenade Concerts,
Ijolitan Opera House, Jan. 4, 188.5, with and in 1865 of the Liverpool Philharmonic
Emil Fischer as Hans Sachs. Wagner, Ge- — Society. Works : Victoriue, opera, 1859 ;
sammelte Schriften, vii. 197 Glasenapp, ; Pianoforte and other instrumental music ;
Richard Wagner's Lebcn und Werken, 80 i. ;

Songs and ballads.— Grove Fctis, Supple- ;
ii. 178, 220 Hueffer, Wagner, 72 Hanslick,

; ;
ment, ii. 201.
Jloderne Opei", 292 Miiller, Lohengrin und ilELPOMENE, dramatic overture, by
;
die Meistersinger von NUruberg (ilunich, George W. Chadwick, first performed by

18G9) Nohl, Neues Skizzeubuch (ib., 1SG9)
;
the Symphony Orchestra, Boston, Mass.,
Reinsdorf, Die Meistersinger von Niiruberg Dec. 24, 1887. Itwas given in New York,
(Leipsic, 1873) ; Julius Stinde, Meistersing- April 15, 1888.
MELUSINA
MELIJSINA, cantata, hy AVilhelm and composition. He was pi'esident of the
text
Osterwald, music by Heiniicli Hofmaun, op. society of musical composers received the ;
30, first performed in Miililhausen, Oct. 28, cross of the Legion of Honour in 1876.
1875, with Frail Ficbtner-Spohr, Frilulein Works Operas —
Fran9ois Villon, Paris, :
Scbulz, Herr Schiissler, aud Herr Heuscliel 1857 La fille de I'orfuvre, Baden-Baden,
;
for the solos. It was sung in Leipsic, Dec. 1863 ; L'esclave, Les parias, Paris, 1874 ;
11, 1875, aud by the Philharmonic Society La courte echelle, 1877

ib., ; Le moino
of Montreal, April 25, 1888. Published by rouge La ; filleule des anges ; Colomba
Erler (Berlin, 1875).— IMus. Wochenblatt Freygbor. Fingal,1861 cantata,
Folij- ;
(1875), 653, 6G8 Upton, Standard Canta-

; phhnc et Galatee, cantata Choruses for ;
tas, 20G. Q3dipe roi Melodies and dramatic scenes,

;
HIELUSINE, Mendelssohn. See Die including Romeo et Juliette, Page, ecuyer,

schdnc Melusine. eapitaine. Chanson d'amour, aud others.
MELUSINE, German opera in three acts, — Fetis, Supplement, ii. 201 Riemann. ;
music by Carl Grammanu, op. 24, text by ]\IENACE DES FRANCS, LA. See Vox
the composer, after von Schwind's Bilder- Populi.
cj-klus, " Die schone Melusine," first repre- MENDELSSOHN - B.ARTHOLDY, (JA-
sented in Wiesbaden, Sej)t. 25, 1875. Fran KOB LUDWIG)
Lijffler-Iiibeczek sang the part of Melusine. FELIX, born in
Published by F. Eies (Dresden, 1875). Hamburg, Feb. 3,
Operas, same title, in German, in two acts, 1809 died in Leip- ;
text bj' Grillparzer, music by Konradin sic, Nov. 4, 1847.
Kreutzer, Berlin, Feb. 27, 1833 in four ; His grandfather was

acts, text by Pasque, after Halevy's Magi- Moses Mendelssohn,
cienne, music by Louis Schindelmeisser, noted for his philo-
Darmstadt, Dec. 29, 18G9 Die Braut von ;
sophical writings
Lusignan, in three acts with Vorspiel, text his father, Abraham IMendelssohu, was a rich
by Elard Hofschliiger, mu.sic by Theodor banker of Hamburg his mother. Lea Salo- ;
Hentsehel, Bremen, Nov. 17, 1875 Melu- mon-Bartholdy, of Berlin.

;
Felix was the
sine, in four acts, text by Ernst Marbach, second child, the others being Fanny :
music by Karl Mayrberger, Presburg, Jan. Ciicilie (born, Nov. 14, 1805, married Wil-
20, 1876 in four acts, text by Pasque and helm Hensel, the painter, and died, May 14,
;
C. Brandt, music by G. Lehnhardt, Berlin, 1847) Rebecka (born, April 11, 1811, mar-
;
Dec. 31, 1876 text by G. Braun, music by ried Gustav Peter Dirichlet-Lejeuue, and
;
L. Storch, Glogau, March 20, 1877 text by died, Dec. 1, 1858)

; Paul (born, Oct. 30, ;
Schmid, music by Karl Perfall, Munich, 1813, married Albertine Heine, and died,
March 27, 1881 and ballet by Franz Dop- June 21, 1874). In 1812 the family escaped
;
pler, text by C. Telle, after M. von Schwind's from Hamburg, then occupied by the French,
Bildercyklus, Vienna, 1882. —
Mus. Wochen- and settled in Berlin. Felix's first instruc-
blatt (1875), 498 (1881), 218 ;
Siguale tion on the pianoforte was from his mother
; ;
(1870), 785 (1878), 337 Riemann, Opern- next, in 1816, from Marie Bigot in Paris.
;
;
Handbuch, 327. Returning to Berlin, he and Fanny were

MEMBRfeE, EDMOND, born at Valen- placed under Heyse (father of Paul Heyse,
ciennes, France, Nov. 14, 1820, died at the novelist) for general education, Ludwig
Chateau-Dumont, near Paris, Sept. 10,1882. Berger for iîanoforte, Zelter for harmony
Dramatic composer, pupil at the Paris Con- and composition, Henning for violin, and
servatoire of Zimmerman, Alkan, Dourlen, Rcjsel for landscape sketching. Felix aud
and Carafa devoted himseK to teaching Rebecka also studied Greek, as far as
;
MENDELSSOHN
JSschylus. Felix's first public appearance director of the church music, the opera,
was Oct. 24, 1818, when lie jilayed the pi- and two musical associations
at DUsseldorf,
anoforte part in a trio with two horns by Sept. 27, 1833, at a salary of six hundred
Woelfl April 11, 1819, he euteretl the Thalers ($450) per annum. In March,
;
1834,
singing class at the he reUnquished that part of his pay which
Singakademie as alto, came from the theatre, active connection
and 1820 he began with institutions of that sort being irksome
systematically to com- to hini, giving over the duties of this post
pose. Later he stud- to Julius Rietz, and contenting himself with
ied the violin under conducting a favourite opera now and then.
Eduard Eietz, and In 1834, also, he was elected member of the
the pianoforte (1821) BerlinAcademy of Fine Arts. He conduct-
under Moscheles , ed the Lower Bliine Festival at Cologne,
about 182G he enteied June 7-9, 1835. The next pex-iod begins
the University of Ber- August, 1835, in Leipsic, where he had ac-
lin. March il, 1829, he conducted at the cepted the couductorship of the Gewaud-
Singakademie the first performance of Bach's
Matthew-Passion given anj'where since the
coraj)oser's death (1750) the performance
;
was got up wholly at his instigation, much

against the will of Zelter, the regular con-
ductor of the Singakademie, and was the
practical beginning of the great Bach prop-
aganda in which Mendelssohn was con-
spicuous throughout his life. In 1830 a
Chair of Music was founded at the univer-
sity, with the intention that Mendelssohn
should occupy it, but, at his suggestion,

it was given to Marx instead. This period
of his life is also noteworthy for his first
visit to England (April 21 to Nov. 29, 1829)
where he was elected honorary member of

the London Philharmonic Society on the day
of his departure, his journey through Ger-
mauj', Austria, Italy, Switzerland, to Paris
(May, 1830, to April, 1832), his second, third,
and fourth visits to London (Ajiril 23 to July,
1832 April 26 to about May 15, and about
;
June 5 to Aug. 4, 1833), and his conducting

the Lower Khine Musical Festival at Diis-
seldorf, beginning May 2G, 1833. His haus concerts. On Nov. 9 his father died.
friendship with Goethe, begun in Weimar In 1836 ho conducted the Lower Khine
in 1821, also falls within this period. Be- Festival at Diisseldorf (^lay 22-24) for the
tween his second and third London visits third time, bringing out his recently fin-
he was defeated by Kuugeuhagen as candi- ished Paulus. As the Leipsic concerts
date for Zelter's jilace at the Berlin Singa- were over for the season, he undertook the
kademie. The next period of hislifc begins temporary direction of the Ciicilien-Verein
with his entering upon the functions of in Frankfort, returning to Leipsic, Oct.
;
2.
MENDELSSOHN
On March 28, 1837, be married Cocile Thalers ($1,125), his title that of General-
Charlotte Sophie Jeaurenaiul, of Fraukfort, Music-Director, and it was stipulated that
at the Walloon French Reformed Church he need not live in Berlin. But he was
in that city. From union sprang Carl forced to thi-ow up his po.sition of Kapell-
this
Wolfgang" Paul (born, Feb. 7, 1838); Ma- meister to the King of Saxony, which had
rie Pauline Helene (born, Oct. 2, 1839) been given him on his dejaarture from Leip-
;
Paul Felix Abraham Felix August Edu- sic. He conducted the Diisseldorf Festival
;
ard (born, May 1, 1843, died (?) Elisabeth for the fourth and last time (May 15-17),
;
Fanny Henrietta. On his fifth visit to and made his seventh visit to England
England (Aug. 27 to Sept. 2-5, 1837) he (June to July 10) in this year. In November
conducted St. Paul at the Birmingham or December he returned to Leipsic to or-
Festival. He conducted the Diisseldorf ganize the new Conservatory, which opened
Festival, May 19-21, 1839, and the 'festival Jan. 16, 1843. But he found soon that his
in Leipisic in commemoration of the fourth duties called him back to Berlin (August,
centennial of the invention of printing, Jiyie 1843), and that he would have to remain
24 and 2.5, 1840, for which he wrote his there. In May, 1843, he made his eighth
Lobgesang and Festgesang. His sixth visit visit to England, to accept the conductor-
to England (Sept. 8 to October, 1840) was ship of the London Philharmonic Society ;
followed by an uninterrupted winter in Leip- he remained until July, 1844. From July
sic. With 1841 begins the troublesome, or to September he passed the time in Frank-
Berlin period of his life. Friedrich Wil- fort with wife and children then went to ;
helm rV. had just come to the Prussian Berlin, but matters there went so little to
throne, and had projected an Academy of his liking that he gave uj) all such definite
Arts at Berlin Mendelssohn was invited duties as should require his residence in
;
to take charge of the department of music, the city, and his salary' was reduced to $750.
part of his duties being to get up series In December he returned to Frankfort.
of concerts at which large orchestral and His health now began to trouble him. In
choral works wei-e to be given by the royal 1845 he returned to Leij^sic, and resumed the
orchestra and Ojjera company. The salary conductorship at the Gewa:ndhaus Hiller ;
was three thousand Thalers ($2,250). He had conducted, 1843-44, and Gade, 1844-
at first declined, but afterwards accepted. 45. lu May and June, he conducted
184(3,
The arrangements cost him infinite trouble, Festivals at Aix-la-Chapelle and Cologne,
and in addition he had to write the music and concerts at Diisseldorf and Liege (his
for the Greek plays given at Potsdam by Lauda Sion), and in August made his ninth
order of the king. The Academy project visit to England, to conduct the first per-
came to nothing, and Mendelssohn found formance of his Elijah at Birmingham. On
that he was not popular with the court, the his return to Leipsic he gave up the super-
musicians, or the public. Berlin was upon intendence of the pianoforte department at
the whole antiisathetic to him, and he was the Conservatory to Moscheles and the con-
about to retire in October, 1842, when the ductor.ship at the Gewandhaus to Gade.
king prevailed upon him to take charge of Yet, although suffering much in his head
a small picked chorus and orchestra, for fi'om overwork, he conducted some of the
the jierformance of church music on Sun- concerts, and also the court concerts in
days and Feast-days, and to serve as a nu- Dresden, besides superintending a large
cleus for performances of large choral part of the managing of the Gewandhaus.
works. This body was constituted as the In 1847 he made his tenth and last visit to
since famous Domchor, Nov. 22, 1842. England, conducting his Elijah at Man-
Mendelssohn's salary was fifteen hundred chester and Birmingham. A day or two
MENDELSSOIDs
after bis return to Frankfort the
news of Works I. Oratorios, —
cantatas, and
the sudden death of his sister
Fanny gave church music: 3 pieces for solo, chorus,
him a severe shock he was insensible for and organ, Aus tiefer Notb, Ave ilaria,
;
H
some time. In June he and his family voc, Jlitten wir, 8 voc, op. 2.3 I'lmlm
CXV., ;
went to Baden-Baden, thence to Switzerland, for solo,and orchestra, op. 31

chorus, ;
lu Brienz he played the organ for the last Paulus, oratorio, op. 3C 3 motets for fe- ;
time. He was much broken down, but male voices, for the nuns of Sta. Trinit;i de'
soon began comjiosing again. In Septem- Monti in Rome, op. 39 PmIiii XLH., for ;
ber he was back in Leipsic he left the

; chorus and organ, op. 42 P.sjilm XCV., for ;
conducting of the Gewandhaus concerts to solo, chorus, and orchestra, op. 40 I'sabn ;
Julius Rietz, and relinquished all official CXIV., for 8-part chorus and orchestra, op.
work, but made several jjlans for composing, 'A Lobfjemncj, symphony-cantata, op. 52
;
;
and intended to conduct Elijah at Vienna in Die Erde Walpurgisnaeht, ballad for soli,
November, with Jenny Liud among the per- chorus, and orchestra, op. GO FeMgemmi, for ;
formers. But all these plans were male chorus and brass instruments, for the
frus-
trated by his death. His public funeral ojjening of the German-Flemish vocal festi-
was in the Pauliuer-Kirche on Nov. 7 the val at Cologne, op. G8 3 motets, for solo and
; ;
body was then taken to Berlin and was chorus, op. 69 EUa.% oratorio, op. 70 Lauda ; ;
buried in the Alte Dreifaltigkeits-Kirchof Sion, for soli, chorus, and orchestra, op. 73
between his boy Felix and his sister Fanny. (Posthumous work, 1) Psalms H., XLHI., ;
Commemorative services were held in Lou- and XXn., for solo and chorus, written for
don, Manchester, Birmingham, and com- the Berlin Domchor, op. 78 (Posthumous,
memorative coTicerts given in Paris and C) 6 SpriKhe, Anthems for 8-part chorus,
;
in Berlin, Vienna, Frankfort, Hamburg, and for the Domchor, op. 79 (Posthumous, 7) ;
many other German cities. | Mendelssohn Psalm XCVTH., for 8-part chorus and or-
was alike great as pianist, organist, and chestra, op. 91 (Posthumous, 20) InfeUrr, ;
conductor. His reputation as a composer concert aria in B-flat, for soprano and or-
is world-wide, albeit it is now seen that he chestra, op. 94 (Posthumous, 23) Hymn for ;
by no means occupied the position that alto solo, chorus, and orchestra, op. 96
Schumann did as a link in the gieat chain (Posthumous, 2.5) Christua, unfinished ora- ;
of musical evolution. He was an indefati- torio, op. 97 (Posthumous, 26) Tit es Pe- ;
gable producer, and has been accounted the ti-us, 5-part chorus and orchestra, op. Ill
greatest master of musical form since Mo- (Posthumous, 40) 2 sacred choruses for ;
zart. It is highly probable, however, that male voices, op. 115 (Posthumous, 44) Vcr- ;
he will hold a higher and more endui-ing leih uns Frieden, prayer for chorus and
place in history in virtue of the musical in- orchestra, no opus number Ersatz filr Un- ;
fluence he exerted than by his compositions bestand, poem by Riickert for 4 male voices,
themselves. As a musical influence he do. Festgesang, male chorus and orchestra,
;
stood in the post-Beethoven period very for the festival at Leipsic in celebration of
much as Philipp Emmanuel Bach did in the the invention of printing, do. Lord have ;
pre-Haydn epoch. The gi-eat work of his mercy upon us, chorus without accompiuii-
life was the raising of the popular musical ment, in A minor, do. ; 3 hymns for alto
taste. His influence and popularity in Eng- solo, chorus, and organ, do. ; Hear my
land was greater than that of any musician prayer, hymn for soprano solo, chorus, and
^
since Handel. His best portrait is that; organ, afterwards orchestrated, do. ; Kyrie
painted in 1844 by Edward Magnus at Ber- eleison, double chorus, do ; .\dditional cho-
lin, lately in the possession of Mme Jenny i rus to PsiJm XCV. (op. 46), Loudon, No-
Lind-Goldschmidt vello.
MEXDELSSOKX
n. Songs .ind part-songs 74 songs for a :
Fugue, for strings, op. 81 (Posthumous, 9)
voice with pianoforte, op. 8, 9, 34, 47, 57, Trauermarscli, in A minor, for the funeral
71, 84 (Posthumous, 13), 86 (Posthumous^ of Norbert BurgmuUer, op. 103 (Posthu-
15), 99 (Posthumous, 28), 112 (Posthumous, mous, 32) March, in D, for the fete given
;
41), Moore's The Garhxml, Simrock's War- to Peter von Cornelius in Dresden, op. 108
nung vor dem Rhein, Hoffmann von Fal- (Posthumous, 37).
lersleben's Seemann's Scheiilelied, Des V. For solo instruments with orchestra
Mildchen's Klage, aud G
others without A. For pianoforte Capriccio brilLint,
in B :
opus number ; 13 duets with do., op. 8, G3, minor, op. 22 ; Concerto No. 1, in G minor,
77 (Posthumous, 5) ; 3 Yolkslicder without op. 25 Rondo brillant, in E-flat, op. 29 ;
;
opus number ; 29 part-songs mixed Concerto No. 2, in

for D minor, op. 40 Sere-
;
voices, op. 41, 48, 59, 88 (Posthumous, 17), nade und Allegro giiijoso, in B miuor, op.
100 (Posthumous, 29), IIG (Posthumous, 45) 43. B. For violin : Concerto in E minor,
16 do. for male voices, oj). 50, 75 (Posthu- op. G4.
mous, 3), 7G (Posthumous, 4), Nachtgesang VI. Chamber music Octet for strings, :
and Stiftuugsfeier without ojius number. in E-flat, oij. 20 Quintets for do.. No. 1, ;
in. Dramatic Die Beiden Pildagogen, in A, op. 18 No. 2, in B-flat, op. 87 (Post-
:
;
opera in one act, Berlin, 1821 Die Beiden humou.s, IG) Quartets for do., No. 1, in;
;
Neflfen, oiJera in three acts, ib., Feb. 3, E-flat, op. 12 ; No. 2, in A, op. 13 ; No. 3,
1824 ; Die Hochzeil des Camacho, comic in D, No. 4, in E minor, No. 5, in E-flat, op.
opera, 2 acts, op. 10, Berlin, Schauspielhaus, 44 ; in F minor, op. 80 (Posthumous, 8) ;
April 29, 1827 ; Music to the Antigone of in E-flat, without opus number (Berlin,
Sophocles, op. 55, Berlin, HofojJer, Nov. 6, Erler) ; Sextet for pianoforte and strings,
1841 Music to A Midsummer Night's
; in D, op. 110 (Posthumous, 39) ;
Quartets
Dream, Sommerimehtdraum, op. Gl, Pots- for do.. No. 1, in C minor, op. 1 ; No. 2, in
dam, Oct. 14, 1843 Music to Kacine's ; F minor, op. 2 ; No. 3, in Bminor, op. 3
Athalie, op. 2), Berlin, Dec. Trios for do.. No. 1, in D
74 (Posthumous, minor, op. 49 ;
1, 1845 ; aus der Fremde, Sing- No. 2, in C minor, op. GG Concerted piece
Ili'imk-fhr ;
spiel in 1 act, ojx 89 (Posthumous, 18), Dec. in F, for clarinet aud basset-born with pi-
26, 1829 Music to the (Edipus in Colonos anoforte, op. 113 (Posthumous, 42) do., in
; ;
of Sophocles, op. 93 (Posthumous, 22), Pots- D minor, for do., op. 114 (Posthumous, 43)
dam, Nov. 1, 1845 ; Lorelei, viutiuished op- For pianoforte and \-iolin, sonata in F mi-
era, op.98 (Posthumous, 27). nor, op. 4 For pianoforte aud violoncello,
;
IV. Orchestral 4 symphonies. No. 1, in : sonata No. 1, in B-flat, op. 45 ; do. No. 2,
C minor, op. 11 No. 3, in A minor, Scotch,; in D, op. 58 ; Variations concertautes, in D,
op. 56 No. 4, in A major, Italian, op. 90
; op. 17 Lied ohne Worte, in D, op. 109 ;
(Posthumous, 19) No. 5, in D, Reforma- (Posthumous, 38).

;
tion, op. 107 (Posthumous, 3G) 7 concert Vn. Pianoforte music Sonata No. 1, in ; :
overtures. No. 1, to A Midsummer Night's E, op. 6 do. No. ; 2, in G minor, op. 105
Dream, Sommernachtdraum do. No. 3, in B-flat, op.
in E, op. 21 (Posthumous, 34);
;
For wind band Ouverture fiir Harmonie- 106 (Posthumous, 35) 8 Books of /.iV</.r ;
musik, in C, op. 24 No. 2, Die Hehriden, ohne Worte, op. 19, 30, 38, 53, 62, G7, 85
;
in B minor, op. 26 No. 3, MeeresMille und (Posthumous, 14), 102 (Posthumous, 31)
;
gliickliche Fahrt, in D, op. 27 ; No. 4, Die Capriccio in F-sharp minor, op. 5 ; 7 Cha-
schone IMelusine, in F, op. 32 ; to Btnj Bias, rakterstiicke, op. 7 ; Rondo capriccioso, iu
in C
minor, op. 95 (Posthumous, 24) in C, E, op. 14 Faiitasie of ; ; on " The last rose
Trumpet overture, op. 101 (Posthumous, summer," in E, op. 15 3 Fantasies or ca- ;
30) Andante, Scherzo, Capriccio, and prices, iu A minor, E minor, aud E major,
;
MENGAL
op. IG ; Fantasie in F-sliarp minor, Sonate in English, by W. L. Gage (Philadelphia,
ecossaise, op. 28 3 caprices, in A minor, 18G5, London,
; 1878) ; Devrient, Meiue
E, and B-flat minor, op. 33 ; 6 preludes and Erinnerungen an F. M. B., etc. (Leipsic,
fugues, op. 35 ; 17 Variations serieuses, in 1869 ; do. in English, by Mrs. Macfarreu,
D minor, op. 54 ; G Ivinderstiicke, op. 72 ;
London, 18C9) Carl ]Mendelssohn-Bar-
;
Variations in E-flat, op. 82 (Posthumous, tholdy, Goethe und F. M. B. (Leipsic, 1871 ;
10) do. in B-flat, op. 83 (Posthumous, 11)

; do. in English, by M. E. von Gleliu, Lon-
3 in-eludes and 3 studies, op. lOi (Posthu- don, 1872, 2d ed., 1874) Ferdinand Hiller, ;
mous, 33) AlbumLIatt, in E minor, op. 117

; Mendelssohn, Letters and Recollections, iu
(Posthumous, 4G) Capriccio in E, op. 118
; English, by M. E. von Glehu (London, 1874 ;
(Posthumous, 47) Perpeiuum mobile, in ; in German, Cologne, 1874) Hensel, Die ;
C, op. 119 (Posthumous, 48) fitude, in ; Familie M. (2 vols., Berlin, 1879) Grove, ;
F minor, without opus number ; Scherzo, ii. 253.

in B minor, do. Scherzo and Capriccio, in
;
MENGAL, MARTIN JOSEPH, born in
F-sharp minor, do. Andante cantabile and Ghent, Jan. 27, 1784, died there, July 4, 1851.
;
Presto agitato in B, do. Gondellied in A, Dramatic composer, first instructed by his

;
do. Prelude and fugue in E minor, do.

; 2 fathei", then by several other artists, espe- ;
Klavierstiicke, in B-flat and G minor, do. cially on the horn, for which instrument he ;
Variations for 4 hands, in B-flat, op. 83a began to compose at the age of twelve. In
(Posthumous, 12) Allegro brillant for do., 1804 he entered the Conservatoire of Paris,
;
in A, op. 92 (Posthumous, 21) Duo con- where he was a jiupil of Duvernoy on the
;
certaut, variations on the march in Preciosa, horn, of Catel in harmony, and of Reicha iu
for 2 pianofortes (with Moscheles), no o^ûs composition then joined the band of the ;
number. Imperial Guard and took

jiart in the cam-
Vni. Organ music 3 preludes and : paigns against Austria in 1805, and Prussia
fugues, op. 37 6 sonatas, op. G5 Prelude
; ; in 180G. On his return to Paris in 1807 he
in C minor, without opus number. entered the orchestra of the Odeon, and in
IX. Arrangements Additional accom- : 1812 that of the Theatre Feydeau. He
paniments to Handel's Detlimjen Te Deum went to Ghent in 1824 to assume the direc-
(Leipsic, Kistner) ; do. to Handel's Jew tion of a theatre ; but, unsuccessful in his
and Galatea ; Organ accompaniment to enterprise, gave up his jiost for that of mu-
Handel's Israel in Egypt (London, Handel sical conductor, and after the revolution of
1830 was in the same capacity connected
with the theatre at Antwerp until 1832, with
that at the Hague until 1835, when he re-
turned to Ghent, and was ai:)pointed director
JlfQl:^/^ ^4^" of the Conservatoire. Member of Royal
Academy of Belgium. Works Oj)eras — :
Uue nuit
au chateau,
given in Pa-
ris, Theatre
Feydeau,
1818 ; L'ile
Society) ; accompaniment to de Babilary, ib., 1819 Les infideles, Ghent,
Pianoforte ;
Bach's violin Chaconne in D minor (ib., No- 1825 Le vampire, ib., 1826 Un jour a Vau- ; ;
vello & Ewer). —

Lampadius, F. M. B., ein cluse, ib., 1828 2 concertos for horn and or- ;
Denkmal, etc. (Leipsic, 1848, 2d ed.) do. chestra 3 quintets for flute, oboe, clarinet. ; ;
MENGEWEIX
lioru, and bassoon Quartets for -wind iustru- the main his work.
; Fetis Schilling Ger- — ; ;
:uents 3 do. for born, violin, viola, and bass

; ber. ;
3 do. for strings Trios for do. do. for flute,

; MENSCHEN, GLAUBT ;
DIESER DOCH
violin,and viola Duos for horn and harp
;
;
GN^VDE, alto aria in E minor, with accom-
do.,aud fantaisies for horn and pianofoi-te ;
paniment of 2 oboi d' amore, strings com-
Many romances, with pianoforte, and in plete, and continuo, in Johann Sebastian
manuscript an overture for grand orchestra, Bach's cantata Festo S. Joannis Bapt.,
many pieces for wind instruments, quintets "Christ uuser HeiT zum Jordan kam"
aud trios for horns. His brother aud jnipil 7). Published sep- (Bachgesellschaft, No.
Jean (born in May, 1796) was also a horn with additional accompaniments by arately,
plaj'er, jjupil of Domnich at the Conserva- Robert Franz (Leipsic, Whistling).
toire of Ghent, and has published fantasias, MENTER, JOSEPH, born at Deuteu-
duos, horn and orchestra or piano- kofeu, near Landshut, Bavaria, Jan. 19,
etc., for
forte. —Petis do.. Supplement, ii. 20G.
; 1808, died in Munich, April 18, 1856. Vir-
aiENGEWEIN, KAKL, born at Zaunroda, tuoso on the violoncello, pupil of Moralt at
Thuringia, Sept. 9, 1852, still living, 1889. Munich, entered the orchestra of the Pritice
Instrumental and vocal composer was in of Hohenzollern at Hechingen in 1829, and ;
1881-86 instructor at Freudenberg'a Con- the court orchestra at Munich in 1833. On

servatorium in Wiesbaden, and conductor concert tours in Germany, Austria, Belgium, j
of the society for sacred music with Freu- Holland, and England, he won a brilliant
;
denberg founded the new Conservatorium reputation. He composed fantaisies, airs

in Berlin, in ISSG. Works : Schulmeister's varies, etc., for his instrument, with orcbes-
Brautfahrt, Siugspiel, 1881 Wiesbaden, ; tra or pianoforte. — Fetis.
DornrOscheu, overture IMartiu Luther, ;
i
MENTI ETERNE, soprano aria of Ade-
festival cantata Requiem Choruses for fe-
; ; j
laide, in B-ilat minor, with accompaniment
male voices. Riemaim.— of violins in unison and continuo, in Han-
MENGOZZI, BERNARDO, born in Flor- '
dels Lolario, Act H., Scene Published

4.
ence in 1758, died in Paris in March, 1800. I

separately, with additional accompaniments
Dramatic singer and composer, pupil of b}' Robert Franz (Leipsic, Kistner).
Pasquale Potenza in Venice appeared first ;

MENIET A LA VIGANO, 12 variations
on the Italian stage sang in London in ;
for the pianoforte in C, by Beethoven, com-
1786, and the following year in Paris at posed in 179.5. The theme is fi'om a min-
the concerts given by Marie Antoinette. uet in a ballet by Salvatore Vigano, first per-
He was one of the chief ornaments of the formed at the Hoftheater, Vienna, May 18,
Theatre de Monsieur, remained in the latter 1795. Published by Artaria i^ Co. (Vienna,
city after the Revolution, aud was made pro- 1795). Breitkopf & Hiirtel, Beethoven
fessor of singing in the newlj' established Werke, Serie 12, No. 7. — Thayer, Verzeich-
Conservatoire. —
Operas Gli schi- niss, 15 Thayer, Beethoven, i. 297.
Works : ;
avi -per amore, L' isola disabitata, Paris, MEPHISTO W.ALZER See Zicei Szenen
1790 Les deux vizirs, ib. Aujourd'hui, ausLenau's Faust.
;
;
Isabelle de Salisbui^, ib., 1791 Le table;ui 31ERBECKE, JOHN, Engli.sb comiioser

;
parlaut, ib., 1792 Une faute par amour, of the 16th century, died about 1585. Or-
;
Poui'ceaugnac, L'amant jalous, SeUco, La ganist of St. George's Chapel at Windsor ;

journee de I'amour, ballet, ib., 1793 ;
Calviuist,condemned to death for heresy in
Brunet et Caroline, La dame voilee, ib., 1511, but pardoned. He is author of the
1799 Les habitants de Vaucluse, ib., 1800. Boke of Common Praier Noted (1550 ; re-
;
printed, London, 1844, 1845, 1857). Part

The Methode de Chant du Conservatoire,
edited after his death by Lauglc, is in of a mass for 5 voices, Per ai-ma justitiw.
I
MERCADA^'TE
l\v him, in manuscript is in Barney's Mu- an estimation which shows quite sufficiently
sical Extracts (vol. G), and a hymn for 3 the low condition of musical learning in
voices is printed in Hawkins's History of Italy at the time. His best known, and
Music. — Grove. probably his best, opera is II giuramento.
MERC.1DANTE, (GIUSEPPE) SAVERIO Works — I. Operas d' Er- : L' apoteosi
(R.\EFAELE), born eole, Na2)les, Teatro San Carlo, Jan. 12,
at Altamura, near 1819 (?) ; Violeuza e costanza, ib., Teatro Nu-
Bari, Dec. 17, 1795, ovo, 1820 (?) ; Anacreonte in Samo, San
ib.,
died in Naples, Dec. Cai-lo, 1820 (?) ; Scipione in Cartagiue, Rome,

13, 1870. Dramatic Ai-gentina, 1821 (?) ; Maria Stuarda, Bolo-
composer, illegiti- gna, Teatro Communale, 1821 ('?) ; EUiâ e
mateone Claudio, Milan, La Scala, Oct. 30, 1821
son of
Giuseppe Merca- II posto abbandonato, ib., 1821 (?) Gli ;
dante and a servant- Sciti, Naples, San Carlo, 1822 (?) Alfonso ;
girl, Rosa Bia. He ed Elisa, Mantua, 1822 (?) Didone abban- ;
entered in 1809 the donata, 2 acts, Turin, 1822 (?) Adele ed ;
Collegio di San Se- Emerico, Milan, La Scala, Sept. 21, 1822 ;

bastiano, Najjles, of which Zingarelli was Andronico, Venice, Teatro della Feuice,
then director, where be studied the violin, 1822 (?) Costanza ed Almerika, Naples, ;
flute, and composition, and afterwards be- 1822 or 1823 (?) Gli amici di Siracusa, ;
came leader in the orchestra. He was dis- Rome, 1822 or 1823 (?) Nitoeri, Turin, Tea- ;
missed for some unknown reason, and, try- tro Regio, 1824 (?) DoriUce, Vienna, 1824 ;
ing dramatic composition for a living, (?) Le nozze di Telemaco ed Antiope, ib.,
;
brought out in 1818 a cantata at the Teatro 1824 (?) n podesta di Burgos, ossia il signor
;
del Fondo. His re2)utation in Italy was del villaggio, ib., 1824 (?) Tpermedra, Na- ;
firmly established by his Elisa e Claudio ples, 1824 (?) n geloso ravveduto, Rome, ;
(Milan, 1822), and confirmed in Vienna in 1824 (?) Caritea, regina di Spagna (Donna
;
1824. In 1827 he went to Madrid, and in Caritea), Venice, 1826 (?) Amleto, Milan, ;
1829 to Cadiz, returning to Naples in 1831. La Scala, Dec. 26, 1826 Erode, Venice, 1826 ;
In 1833 he succeeded Generali as maestro or 1827 (?) £"210, Turin, Teatro Regio, ;
di cappella at the Cathedral of Novara. In 1827 (?) II montanaro, Milan, La Scala, ;
1836 he went to Paris to superintend the April 16, 1827; I due Figaro, Madrid,
performance of bis I briganti. In his I 1827 (?) Pietro il Grande, Lisbon, Dec. ;
due illustri rivali (Barcelona, 1846) he be- 17, 1827 (?) Adriano in Siria, ib., Feb. 28, ;
gan to employ the brass instruments in a 1828 (?) Francesca da Rimini, Madrid, ;
way which set the fashion for the abuse of 1828 (?) La testa di bronzo, Lisbon, 1829;
;
the cornet which infested Italian composi- La raj)presaglia, Cadiz, 1829 (?) Don Chi- ;
tion for many years afterwards. In 1840 he sciotte, farsa, ib., 1829 (?) Zaira, Naples, ;
was made director of the Naples Conserva- San Cario, August, 1831 Gabriella di Ver- ;
torio ;he was also member of the Institut gy, Genoa, Teatro Cario Felice, 1832 (?)
de France. He had lost an eye at Novara, Ismalia, ossia amor e morte, Milan, La
but kept on composing by dictation. He Scala, Oct. 27, 1832 I Normanni a Parigi, ;
became wholly blind in 1862. Mercadante 4 acts, Turin, Teatro Regio, 1832 (?) II ;
was one of the most noteworthy opera com- conte d' E.ssex, 3 acts, Milan, La Scala,
posers of the Rossini school, and should be March 10, 1833 Emma d' Antiochia, Venice, ;
ranked next to Bellini and Donizetti. In Teatro Fenice, 1834 (?) Uggero il Dauese, ;
Italy he W'as long regarded as the most Bergamo, 1834 La gioveutii d' Enrico V., ;
learned of contemporary Italian comjjosers. Milan, La Scala, Nov. 25, 1834 Francesca ;
MERCHANT
Donnto, ossia Corinto distnitta, 3 acts, Tu- rV. Orchestral 3 Siufonie caratterisliche :
rin, Teatro Ivcgio, 1835 I hriganli, Paris, (concert overtures) for

grand orchestra, the
;
Tlu'utre Italieu, March 22, 183G II giura- third being entitled

Lo ;
zampognaro ; II
mento, 3 acts, Milau, La Scala, March 11, campo dei Crociati, o la schiava saraccna,
1837 due illustri rivali, Venice, Teatro do. L' insurrezione
I
;
polacca, do. H lamen- ;
;
Feuice, 1838 (?) Elena da FeUre, Naples, to deir Ai-abo, do. La

;
religione, do., L:i ;
San Carlo, January, 1839 II bravo, Milan, rimeiubraiiza, do. Sinfonia ;

(overture) ou ;
La Scala, March 9, 1839 La solitaria dellc themes from Rossini's Stabat Mater ;
Sin- ;
Asturie, ossia la Sjâgna ricuperata, Venice, fonia funebre Omaggio a Donizetti, do. ;
;
Teatro Fenicc, 1840 (?) La vestale, Naples, Oniaggio a Bellini, do., 18G0; ;
Omaggio a
San Carlo, 1840 (?) II proscritto, ib., ib., Rcssiui, do., 1SG8 Omaggio a Pacini, do.,
;
;
1842 (?) II reggente, Genoa, Teatro Carlo 18G8 II laniento del bardo, do., 18(i2
;
;
;
Felice, 1844 (?) Leonora, Naples, Sau Carlo, Sinfonia dedicated to Rossini, 18GG
;
Sin- ;
Decembei-, 1844 (?) II vascello ili Gania, fonia-marciata, on the bu-th of the Prince
;
ib.,1845 Orazii e Curiazii, ib., Nov. 10,

; of Naples 2 Sinfonie caratteristiche ou
;
184C La schiava saraceua, JNIilau, La Scala,

; popular Spanish melodies 3 divertimenti ;
Dec. 2G, 1848 Medea, Naples, San Carlo, ; for orchestra ; La malinconia, concert ma-
1851 (?) Violetta, Naples, Teatro Nuovo,
; zurka for do. ; Several fantasias ou operas
1852 ; Statira, Naples, Sau Carlo, 1853 (?) ; for various instruments and orchestra ;
Pelagio, ib., 1857 (?) ; Virginia, 4 acts, ib., Several smaller pieces of chamber mu-
April 7, 186G. sic for various instruments, Mercadante
n. Church music : Le sette parole di Nos-
and strings
tro Signore, 4 voices, chorus, ;
About 20 masses, either with organ or or- '=<*<^

chestra Inno alia Vergine Immacolata, 5
;
voices and orchestra Inno funebre, in ;
memory of Mgr. Soinma, 4 voices and or-

chestra Inno a Pio IX., 5 voices and
;
orchestra Un sospiro suUa tomba del Mgr. also published a Breve cenuo storico sulla
;
Scotti, do. Christus and Miserere, 4 voices musica teatrale, da Pergolesi a Cimaros;i
;
alia Palestrina ; Dominus a dextris, chorus (no name nor date). — Fetis ; do.. Supple-
and orchestra profundis, 4 voices and ment Gazzetta musicale, Milau, June 18,
; De ;
orchestra; Several Tautum ergo, psalms, July IG and 30, Aug. 13, Sept. 17, 187G ;
motets, autijihons, Te Deum, INIagnilicat, Florimo, Cenno storico sulla scuola musi-
etc. cale di Napoli.
ni. Secular cantatas, etc. : Cantata in ISIERCHANT OF \\ENICE, THE, over-
honour of Don Carlos IV., ex-King of Sjiain, ture to Shakespeare's drama, by George
Naples, San Carlo, 1818 ; La danza augu- iVloxandcr Macfarren.
rale, cantata for the accession of Francesco MERCIL\NT OF VENICE. THE, music
II., ib., 1859 ; luno all' onore di Vittorio to Shakespeare's drama, by Artiiur Sulli-
Emmanuele, Inno gucr- vau, first given at the Prince's Theatre,

re d' Italia, 18(50 ;
resco, dedicated to Garibaldi, 18G1 Inno Jlanchester, Sept. 18, 1871. Pubhshed by ;
popolare, dedicated to Dante, 1863 Inuo Cramer .t Co. (London. 1873). ;
air Armonia, for the first Musical Congress MERCURY, Symphony in E-llat, by
at Naples, 18G4 Inno a Rossini, for the in- Haydn, composed at Eszterhaz in 1772. Its
;
auguration of the statue at Pcsaro, 18G4 style resembles that of Jlozart. L Allegro ;
;
Many melodies, notturni, canzoni napolc- II. Adagio HI. Miuuet IV. Finale. ; ;
taue, for cue or more voices, solfeggi, etc. — Pohl, Haydu, i. 30G.
MEREAUX
MKREAUX, (JEAN) AMKD1^:E (LE tra, 1804 ; Sonatas for pianoforte and violin
EROID DE), born in Piiris in 1803, ilied at or flute ; Nocturne for do. ; Sonatas and
liouen, April 25, 1874. Pianist and writer fantaisies for pianoforte. — Fetis.
on music, sou ami pupil of Joseph Nicolas MERIEL, PAUL, born at Mondoubleau
Mi'reaux, and pupil of Eeiclia in composi- (Loir-et-Cher), France, Jan. 4, 1818, still
tion travelled through France on a concert

;
living, 1889. Dramatic composer, pupil of
tour about 1830 lived in London in 1832-
;
Alessandro Napoleone at Lisbon, and of
34, and settled at Rouen about 1835, to Somma at Perpignan was chef d'orchestro ;
teach his instrument. Legion of Honour at the theatre of Amiens and other provin-
in lS(i8. Madame Tardieu de Malleville cial cities, and in 1847 settled at Toulouse,
and Clara Loveday are among his pupils. He to teach, and in time became director of
was a contributor to the Journal de Rouen the Conservatoire. Legion of Honour.
for thirty years. Works : Mass ; Cantatas ;
Works : Cornelius I'argentier, opera-co-
Choruses 5 books of pianoforte etudes
; mique, Amiens Les precieuses ridicules,
; ;
Other compositions, over 90 in all. He pub- do., Toulouse, 1877 L'Armorique, grand op- ;
lished also Les claveciuistes de 1G37 a 1790 era, ib. Cain, dramatic oratorio Le Tasse, ; ;
(Paris, 18G7) Varietes litteraires et musi- symphony.

;
'
Fetis, Supjjlement, ii. 211. —
cales (Paris, 1878) and articles in musical
; MERK, JOSEPH, born in Vienna, March
journals. —
Fetis; do.. Supplement, ii. 211 15, 1795, died at Ober-Dobling, June IG,
;
Mendel, Ergilnz., 275. 1852. Virtuoso on the violoncello, pupil of

MftREAUX, JEAN NICOLAS LE SchindlOcker was first violoncellist at the ;
FROID DE, born iu Paris in 1745, died imperial opera in 1818 became professor of ;
there in 1797. Organist and dramatic com- his instrument at the Conservatorium in
poser, studied under French and Italian 1823, and chamber virtuoso to the Emperor
masters, and became organist of the Church in 1834. He made concert tours in Italj' and
of Saiut-Jacques-du-Haut-Pas. Works — Germany. Works : Concerto, concertino,
Operas La ressource comique, ou la piece concert-pieces, fantasias, polonaises, varia-
:
a deux acteurs, given at the Comedie Ita- tions, 20 exercises, 6 studies, for the vio-
lieune, 1772 Le retour de tendresse, ib., loncello.
; Wurzbach Fetis; Riemann — ; ;
1774 Le duel comique (with Paisiello), ib., Schilling.

;
1770 Laurette, ib., 1777 Alexandre aux

; MERKEL, GUSTxiV (ADOLPH), born
;
Indes, Opera, 1783 (Edipe et Jocaste, ib.,

; at Oberoderwitz, Sax-
1791 Fabius, ib., 1793 Les Thermopyles
; ; ony, Nov. 12, 1827,
;
Scipion a Carthage. Samson, oratorio. Con- died in Dresden, Oct.

cert Spirituel, 1774 Esther, do., ib., 1775
; 30, 188 5. Organist,
;
Ode on the birth of the Dauphin, ib., 1781 pupil of Jo h a n n;
Aline, reine de Golconde, cantata. Fetis —

Schneider, and in coun-
;
do.. Supplement, ii. 92. terpoint of Julius Otto

M15REAUX, JOSEPH NICOLAS LE al.so received instruc-
FROID DE, born died (?).
in Paris iu 17C7, tionfrom Robert Schu-
Organist and pianist, son and pupil of the mann and from Reis-
preceding became professor iu the royal
; siger. He became or-
school of singing, then professor of piano- ganist of the Waisenhauskirche, Dresden,
forte, and organist of the Protestant Temple in 1858, of the Kreuzkirche in 18G0, and of
de I'Oratoire. He played the organ, erected the Catholic Hofkirche in 18G4. He con-
on the Champ-de-Mars, at the feast of Feder- ducted the Dreyssig Singakademie in 18G7-
ation, July 14, 1789. Works Cantata : for the 73, and became instructor at the Conser-
coronation of Napoleon I., with full orches- vatorium in 18G1. Works C sonatas, 3 :
MEllLIX
fantasias, preludes,and fugues for organ ;[ Merope, Queen of ilessina, whosD liusl.and
Pianoforte music Songs.— Mendel l{ie- Cresphontes and two of her sons were inur-
; ;
'
mann Fetis, Supplement, ii. 211.

; dered by Polypbontes, who wished to mtary
IVIERLIN, romantic opera in three acts, her. She is delivered from Lis
!
persecu-
text by Siegfried Lipiner, music by Carl tions by her son Jigjptos, who
kills him.
Goldmark, tirst represented in Vienna, Nov. The opera was receiveil with such enthusi-
'
19, 1886, with the following cast asm that the Council of Ten appointed Jom-
Merlin Herr Winkelmann. ™f"V^"'"=*°'' °^ "'^ ^'^''^^'^ •^*'«*' I"C"rabili,
"''"^^ S^'*' '"™ '''^ opportunity to begin to
Viviane Frau Materna.
Hcrr Homer, ""i"'^ "'°
"'""^'"^^^ '""'*'« ^'^''^l' ^''^'^•'"ne
Konig Artus the
"'""^ !'^"'''^^ °^ '"" ^'^'"*'- «"'"• "P«™«.
Die Fee Morgana Frau Kaulich. :
same libretto, by Francesco Gasparini, Ven-

Given at the Metropolitan Opera House, ice, 1712 Giovanni Maria Orlandiui, Bo- ;
New York, Jan. 3, 1S8G, with Herr Alvary as logna, 1717 Luca Antonio Predieri, Flor- ;
Merlin, and Frl. Lilli Lehmann as Viviane. ence, 1718, Mantua, 1710 Pietro Torri (?),
'
Merlin, German opera, text by Ludwig Hotf- Munich, 1719 Bioni, Venice, 1728 Gia- ; ;
mann, music by Pliilipp Riifer, given in Ber- comelli, ib., 1734 Terradeglias, Florence, ;
lin, Feb. 28, 1887.— Neue Zeitschr. (18SG), 1743 Paolo Scalabrini, Dresden, May 25,
;
533 Signale (1886), 1089, 1121

; ; Krebbiel, 1747
Gregorio Sciroli, three acts, Naples,
;
Eeview (1S8G-87), 79. David Perez, Genoa, 1751 Scarlatti,

1751 ; ;
MERJIET, AUGUSTE, born about 1815, Naples, 1755 Karl Heinrich Graun, Berlin, ;
still living, 1889. 175G Gassmann, Italy, 1759 Gaetano La- ; ;
Dramatic composer tilla, Venice, 17G3 Borghi, Rome, 17GS ;

;
son of a Freucli gen- Sala, Naples, 17G9 Mysliweczek, 1775 Na- ; ;
eral, he renounced the solini, Venice, 1795 Bianchi, Lomlon, 1799 ; ;
military profession to Poissl, with portions of Nasolini's music

devote himself to mu- retained, Munich, 1810; Marcos Portugal,
sic, studied the flute, Rio de Janeiro, Nov. 8, 1817, Lisbon, M.ay
and later composition 13, 1819 Pacini, text by Canimarano, Na- ;
u n d e r Lesueur and ples, 184G and a ballet by Luigi Maria ;
Halev}-. He waited Viviani and Giacomo Panizza, Milan, 1832 ;
more than fifteen years before he succeeded and by Zandomeneghi, Pesaro, 1871. Op-
in getting his opera of Roland performed, eras in German, same title, by ilangold,
but in spite of its musical mediocrity it three acts, Darmstadt, 1823 ; Julius Miller,
was very favourably received on account of Amsterdam, 1824 H. Miihlenbruch, 184G, ;
its martial and patriotic character. A sec- Other Italian operas, of which the dates are
ond attempt in the same vein was not so not known, by Alberti Caldara Treu Fi- ; ; ;
successful, and probably his career ended nazzi Lotti

;
Menaghetti Porta
;
Vinci ; ; ;
with Jeanne d'Ai'c. Legion of Honour in and Vivaldi.

1865. —
Works Operas: La banniore du iMERRY WAR. THR See LuslUir Krieg.
roi, Vei-sailles Iknitl, Paris, 184G
; Roland;
MERRY WR-ES OF ^MNDSOR. THE.
a Roncevaux, ib., 18G4 Jeanne d'Ai-c, ib.
;
music to Shakespeare's play by Arthur Sul-
1876 Pierrot pendu, opi'ra-bouflfe, never
; livan, first performed at the Gaiety Theatre,
—
|
perfoi-med. Fetis, Supplement, iL 212 ; i

London, Dec. 19, 1874. It was given at
Bitard, 900 Larousse.
;
'
the Crystal Palace, London, April 12, 1884.
MEROPE, Italian opera, text by Zeno, L Prelude and dance of the Fairies (in E)
music by NiccoloJomiuelli, first represented H. Song, "Love laid his sleepless head,"
in Venice in 1742. The subject is that of . words by Swiubumc UL Melodrama, song ;
MEPJIY
aiul eliorus, " Fiiiries black, gray, green, year he also set uyi as a music publisher,
and wliite " (in C minor) IV. Dance, Alle- ;
an enterprise which he abandoned iu 15G9 ;
gro vivace Dauce and chorus, Betanio was his f)artner for a short time.
(in G) ; V.
Allegro vivace (in E). Published by ISIetz- In 1584 he went to Mantua, and in May,
ler & Co. (Loudon, 1879). Atheu»um 158G, was called to Parma by the Duke —
(1874), ii. 725. Ranuccio Farnese as organist of the ducal
IMERRY WIVES OF WINDSOR, THE, La Steccata. He was kuighted by
cha2:)el.
opera. See Lustigen Weiber von Windsor. the duke, aud held his post at !Ki Steccata
MERTENS, JOSEPH, born at Antwerji, until his death. His grave is next to that
Feb. 17, 1834, still living, 1880. Dramatic of Ciijriauo de Rore, near the altar of Sta.
composer was first violin at the royal the- Agata in the Parma Cathedral. As a com-
;
atre in Antwerp, and became professor at poser of masses, motets, canzoui alia fran-
the Conservatoire. His Flemish operas, eese, and madrigals, Merulo was verj' pro-
mostly in one act, found great favour with lific aud his compostions in this field show ;
his countrymen. Works De Yrijer iu de marks of well-develojjed Venetian art. But

:
strop, Antwerp, 18(JG De Vergissing, ib., his chief fame rests upon his organ works,
;
18G9 Legoiste, ib., 1873

;
Thecla, ib., which show decided genius wheu compared
;
1874 Liederik I'intendant, ib., 1875 De with similar comjiositions by the earlier
; ;
zwarte Kapiteiu, The Hague, 1877 Les German organists. Both as organist and ;
trois etudiants Le viu, le jeu et le tabac organ writer he was the greatest forerunner
; ;
Le capitaine Robert Les cvincces L'An- of the Gabrielis aud of Frescobaldi. Pub-
; ;
gelus, oratorio, Boom, 18G7 Instrumental lished works II primo libro de' madrigali a
; :
music Sacred choruses, romances, etc. Fu- cinque voci, etc. (Venice, Merulo & Betanio,
; —
tis, Supplement, ii. 213 Riemann. 156G other eds., 1579, 158G) Liber pri-
; ; ;
MERTKE, EDU^mD, born in Riga in mus sacrarum cantionum quinque vocum,

1833, still living, 1889. Pianist made ex- etc. (ib., Gardauo, 1578) Liber secundus,
; ;
tensive concert tours iu 1859, then lived as do. (ib., 1578) H primo libro de' Madrigali ;
teacher of his instrument at Wesserling, a quattro voci, etc. (ib., 1579) Di Claudio ;
Alsace, at Lucerne, Switzerlaud, aud from Merulo il primo libro de' Madri- . . .
18G5 at Mannheim, whence he was called gali a tre voci, etc. (ib., 1580 another ed., ;
to Cologne in 18G9 as professor at the Milan, 158G) Di Claudio Merulo ; . . .
Conservatorium. Works Lisa, oder die il primo libro de' Motetti a sei voci, etc.
:
Sprache des Herzens, opera, given at Mann- (Venice, Gardauo, 1583 2d ed., ib., 1595) ;
heim, 1872 Des Liedes Verkliirung, can- do., il secoudo libro (ib., 1593)
; Toeeate ;
tata Collection of Russian folk-songs

; Pi- d' iutavolatura d' orgauo libro ; . . .
anoforte music. Riemann. — primo (Rome, Simoue Verovio, n. d.) Di ;
MERULO, CLAUDIO (Claudio da Cor- Claudio Merulo il secoudo libro . . .
reggio the original form of the surname de' Madrigali a cinque voci, etc. (Venice,
;
was Merlotti), boru at Correggio, April 7, Gardauo, 1G04) Toccate d' iutavolatura d' ;
1533, died in Parma, May 4, 1G04. He orgauo libro secoudo (Rome, Ve- . . .
received his musical education probably rovio, 1G04) Ricercari d' iutavolatura d' ;
at Venice or at Brescia. He was appoint- orgauo libro jjrimo (Venice, Gar- . . .
ed organist at Brescia, Sept. 17, 1556 dauo, 1G05) 11 terzo libro de' Motetti a ;
chosen organist at the second organ at S. sei voci (ib., IGOG) Ricercari da cantare a ;
Marco, Venice, July 2, 1557, defeating uiue quattro voci libro secoudo (ib., . . .
other candidates for the post aud was 1G07) do., libro terzo (ib., 1G08) Claudii
; ; ;
promoted to the first organ, succeeding An- Meruli Corrigieusis Missre duo cum octo
nibale Padovauo, Sept. 30, 15GG. In this et duodecim voeibus couciuneudtc, additteq.
MESSA
Litani.ie Beatre Unr'w Virgiiiis oeto vocuin j
but first performed .at (lie Iiivalides, Dec.
cum parte organica (ib., 1G09)
1S37, at the solemn service for (leneral 5,
Canzoui alia francese. Merulo wrote part Daiuemont and the French soldiers who fell
of the music for the wedding of Francesco at the siege of Coiistantina in Algiei-s. This
de' Medici and Bianca Capello in 1.579, Requiem is the largest orchestral score in ex-
but it was never published. —
Ambros, iii. istence, being written for choras, one prin-
518 ; Grove, ii. 314 Fetis, vi. 193. ; cipal orchestra, four small supplementary
MESSA DI PAPA MARCELLO. See orchestras of brass instruments, and an inde-
Mi.ssa Papre Marcelli. pendent band of instruments of percussion.
MESSA PER I DEFONTI. See Ue- It is almost exclusively choral, there being
qtiiem. only one solo (for tenor), in the Sanctu.'s.
MESSAGER, ANDRE, French organist, The effect of the brass instruments in the
contemporary. Pupil of Saint-Sai'us at Tuba mirum may have been suggested by
the Ecole de Musique Religieuse in Paris the corresponding passage in Gossec's lie-
;
is now organist at the Church of Saint- quiem, and has certainly been imitated by
Paul. Works La fauvette du temple, Verdi in his Manzoni Requiem. Published

:
comic opera, Paris, Folies Dramatiques, in full score by Schlesinger, Paris 2d ed. ;
1885 ; Le bourgeois de Calai.s, do., ib., by Ricordi, Milan. Important changes, by

1887 ; Isliue, fairy opera, ib., TliOutre de la the composer, are introduced in the second
Renaissance, 1888 ; Symphony (1st jn-ize, edition, especially in the Dies ir;e and Rex
Socictc des Compositeurs, 1870), Concerts tremendio. The pianoforte score, arranged
du Chatelet, 1878 ; Don Juan et Haydee, by Dr. Leopold Damrosch (New York,
cantata. — Fetis, Suppk'ment, ii. 214.Schirmer), was evidently prepared from the
MESSE DES MORTS. See Requiem. first edition, up to the Hostias, and only
MESSE DES MORTS (Requiem), by from this point on, from the second. First
Gossec, published in 17G0, and given in given in America by Dr. Damrosch in New
that year in the Church of Saint-Roch in York at the May Festival in the 7th Regi-
Paris. This monumental work was the ment Ai'moiy, Maj', 1881 ; in Boston, liy
foundation of the composer's fame. Com- the Cecilia (B. J. Lang, conductor) in the
ing out from SaiutRoch after the j)crform- Music Hall, Feb. 12, 1882.—Jullien, Berlioz,
ance, Philidor said that he would give all 100 ; Berlioz, Mt'moires, 190 ; Boston Tran-
liis own works to have written it. The script, Feb. 9, 1882.
Tuba mirum, accomp.anied by one orchestra, MESSL\H, THE, oratorio in three parts.
inside the church, and by another of wind ,
text arranged by Charles Jenneus, from the
instruments, hidden outside, was especially |
Bible, music by Handel, iii-st performed in
admired for its mj-sterious grandeur and j
the Music Hall, Fishamble Street, Dublin,
the novelty of its effect. The engraved \
April 13, 1742. It was given for charity,
plates of the score were stolen and melted The solo singers were Signora Avolio (S.),
down, probably during the Revolution Mrs. Cibber (A.), Church (T.), and Rosein-
— Gi'ove, i. Cll gi-.ave (B.). Handel's friend, Matthew Du-
MESSE DES MORTS, GR.-\.NDE (Requi- bourg, was leading fii-st violin, and Maclaine
em), by Hector Berlioz, opus 5, often known the organist. This oratorio jvas received
inFrance as Le Requiem du gi'nc'ral Dann'- with immense enthusiasm in Dublin, where
it was repeated,
" with concertos on the
mont written in 1837 (the MS. in the li-
;
brary of the Paris Conservatoire is dated organ," June 3, 1742. The AEcssijili was
June 29), by order of M. de Gasparin, Min- first performed in England at Covent Gar-
ister of the Interior, for a ceremony in mem- den, London, March 13, 1743. It was given
Handel's clevcu
ory of the victims of the Revolution of July, thiity-four times during
life,
[
MESSIAH
times for charity. Handel performed it an- first violin.'?, 47 second violins, 2G vio-
nually, and sometimes twice a year, from las, 21 violoncellos, 15 double-basses, 2G
1750 till 1758 in the chapel of the bassoons, 1 double-bassoon, 2G oboes, C
Foundling Hospital for the benefit of that flutes, 12 trumpets, 6 trombones, 12 horns,
charity, and conducted it at Coveut Gar- and 4 drums. The chorus contained two
hundred and sixty-seven voices. Joah
Bates conducted at the organ, and the
solo singers were Mme Mara, Miss Har-
wood, Miss Cantelo, Miss Abrahms, Miss
Theodosia Abrahms, Sig. Bartoliui, so-
pranos Rev. ]Mr. Clerk, Dyne, and Knj'-
;
vett, altos Harrison, Norris, and Corfe,

;
tenors and Bellamy Campness, Reinhold,

;
Matthews, and Tasca, bassos. From 1791 to

18G1 The Messiah was given every Christ-
mas by the Ciccilian Society, and first by
the Sacred Harmonic Society at Exeter
V
Hall, Dec. 20, 183G. It was performed at
the Handel Centenary Festival, Crystal
Palace, June 20, 1859, with a chorus of
twenty-seven hundred under the direction
of Sir Michael Costa, by whom the scoring
was strengthened. The solos were Mme
den, April G, 1759, eight days before his

death. This, the most popular of oratorios,
was written iu twenty-four days. The au-
tograph MS., in Buckingham Palace, is
dated at the end of the first part, Aug. 28,
1741, at the end of the second, Sejjt. 6,
1741, and on the last page, Sept. 12, 1741.

It contains an overture, the Pifa or PasUiral
Symphony, twenty-one choruses, including
the IlalU'lujah and the great Amen fugue,
sixteen arias, one duet, and thirteen recita-
tives. Four of the choruses, " His yoke is
easj'," "For unto us a child is born," " And
He "All we like sheep,"
shall purifj'," and,
were taken from two of Handel's Italian
Chamber duets, comjjosed a month earlier.
The first great performance of the Messiah Clara Novello (S.), Miss Dolby (.\.), Sims
took place at the Handel Commemora- Reeves (T.), and Sig. Belletli (b"), and it has
tion, Westminster Abbey, May 29 and June since been rejieated trieunially at the Crys-
3, 1784. The orchestra consisted of 48 tal Palace. This oratorio is performed sev-
MESTKINO
oral times annually in London, anil hoUs and tlie first edition with liarpsicliord ac-
the place of honour at the provincial musi- companinieut was printed by Harrison. The
cal festivals of England. Its first perforin- Messiah was pubhshed by Trautwein (Ber-
ance in Germany, in the Universitiitkirche, lin, 1835) and by Cranz (Hamburg,
1842).
Leipsic, in 1788, was due Johann Adam The score was edited by Dr. Rimbault for
to
Hiller. It was first given in Berlin, April the Handel Society of Euglaiid (Cramer
&
25, 1804, and in Vienna, March 30, 180G. Co., London, 1850). A photo-lithogi-aph of
It was first sung in America by the Handel the autograph in Buckingliam Palace wa.s
and Haydn Society of Boston in 1818, and published by the Sacred Harmonic Society
first in New York by the Sacred Music So- (Novello, Ewer & Co., London, 1808).
ciety, in St. Paul's Chapel, Nov. 18, 1831. It The so-called Mozart score is published by
I
is performed in New York every Christmas, Peters (Leipsic). Franz's score, based upon
;
by the Oratorio Society. In 1789 Mozart IMozart's, was published by Kistner (Leip-
partially filled out the score with additional
sic, 1884). Rockstro, Handel, 227 Schcel- — ;
accompaniments, but there is strong evi- cher, Handel, 240 Marshall, Handel, 111;
1
deuce that the so-called " Mozart score," as Townsend, An Account of Handel's Visit to
it is iHiblished, is a compilation, and con- Dublin Hawkins, v. 358 Burney, iv. 00 1; ; ;
tains not a few additions that were not Burney, Commemoration Bitter, Geschichte ;
made by Mozart. But even in this score des Oratoriums, 21)8 Grove, i. 31, 653 iL ; ;
the additional aceomjjaniments are incom- 315, 546 iii. 527 Allgem. mus. Zeitg., v. ; ;
plete, although it is the one from which 14, 43, 58, 89 ix. 476, xix. 363 sxis. ; ; ;
the oratorio is usually performed. It was 558 Neue Zeitschr., vii. 167 Athenaeum ; ;
first sung with Robert Franz's complete (1859), i. 849 (1885), ii. 311 Notes and ; ;
additional accompaniments at the Birming- Queries (1859), i. 289, 370 Mus. Wochen- ;
ham (England) Festival, Aug. 27, 1885. blatt (1881), 321, 333, 34.5, 369, 377, 389,
The authorities for the different publi- 401, 505, 517 (1884), 560 Signale (1885), ; ;
cations of The Messiali are (1) The 33

: Upton, Standard Oratorios, 140. ;
autograph score, (2) sketches in Handel's liEESTRINO, NICCOL('), born iu Milan

handwriting, and (3) a folio conducting in 1748, died in Paris, September, 1790.
score, all in Buckingham Palace ; (4) con- Violinist, first musician to Prince Esztcr-
ducting score known as the Dublin MS. hiizy, then to Count ErdOdy, iu Hungary.
iu Smith's autograph with annotations by Iu 1786 he settled iu Paris, after having
Handel, in the Rev. Sir Frederick Gore performed with great success one of his
Ouseley's collection and three conducting
; concertos at the Concerts Spiritucls was ;
scores transcribed by Smith, (1) bequeathed much sought as an instructor, and iu 17.S9
by Handel to the Foundling Hospital, (2) j
appointed chef d'orchestre at the theu
in the Scho-lcher collection in Hamburg, and recently estabhshed Italian Opera. Works :
(3) Henry Barrett Leonard's collection 12 concertos for violin and orchestra Duos
in ;
in Hampstead, England. The Messiah was for violins Sonatas for violin and bass ;
not pubhshed during Handel's life. The Etudes et caprices for violiu. Fctis Men- — ;
airs and one duet were included in Walsh's del Riemanu Schilling. ; ;
collection of " Handel's Songs selected METHFESSEL, ALBERT GOTTLIEB,

from his Oratorios " (London, born at Stadtilm, Thuringia, Oct, 6, 1785,
1749-59).
The first collection of " Songs in the Mes- died at Heckenbeck, near Gandersheim,
siah " was printed by Walsh in 1763 the March 23, 1869.
;
Vocal composer.chambcr
first complete edition by his successors, musician at the
court of Rudolstadt in 1810 ;
Wright, Randall, and AbcU (London, 1768). became music director at Hamburg iu 1822,
An early edition was published by Ai-nold, and was court Kapellmeister at Brunswick
jviEtka
in 1832-42. His songs were very pojûlar tienne, 1877 Other ballets, tlio most im- ;
and are sung among German students. portant being Yedda, Pari.s, 1879. Fetis,
still —
Works Der Prinz Supplement, ii. 214 Riemann.
: ;
von Basra, opera METTENLEITER, JOHANN GEORG,

;
Das befreite Jeru- born at St. Ulrich, near Ulm, April G, 1812,
salem, oratorio died in Ratisbon, Oct. G, 1858. Church com-
;
LiederbucL Lie- poser studied music at Ulm and Augsburg,

; ;
derkranz Other then settled at Ratisbon as choirmaster and

;
collections of songs organist of the cathedral. He was one of

Pianoforte sonatas the most learned scholars in church music.
Waltzes and other Works Enchiridion chorale (1855) Manu- : ;
dance music. His alo breve cantionum (1852) Psalm XCV ;
brother Friedrich for C male voices (18.54) Several ma.sses ; ;
(1771-1807) also published li collections Stabat Mater 2 Miserere De profundis, ; ;
of songs, and left an unfinished ojjera, Doc- psalms, Pange lingua, and other church mu-
tor Faust. —
Riemann Fc'tis Schilling.
; ; sic Ave Maria, for double chorus Lied,
; ;
MfiTRA, (JULES LOULS) OLIVIEK, by Saphir, for do. Die Riickkehr des ;
born in Reims, Siingers, chorus for men's voices with or-

June 2, 1830, stiU chestra Concerto for pianoforte and strings
; ;
living, 1889. Com- Choruses Songs. AUgem. d. Biogi-., sxi. ; —

poser of dance mu- 525 Fetis Mendel Riemann Dr. Do-
; ; ; ;
sic ;the sou of an menicus Mettenleiter, Eiu Kiinstlerbild.

actor, he played METZDORFF, RICHARD, born in Daut-
juvenile parts for zic, June 28, 1844, still living, 1889. In-
some time, then re- strumental and vocal composer, pupil in
ceived music les- Berlin of Fl. Geyer, Dehu, and Kiel, later
sons from Edmond Kapellmeister successively of several thea-
Roche, and was at- tre orchestras. Works Rosamunda, comic :
tached to the orchestra of several small opera, given in Weimar, 187G 2 symi)ho- ;
theatres of Paris. He studied harmony at nies Overture to King Lear Frau Alice,
; ;
the Conservatoire under Ehvart, and com- ballad for contralto, chorus, and orchestra ;
position under Ambroise Thomas became Phantasiestiick for orchestra Trios for pi-
; ;
orchestra conductor successively of the anoforte and strings Quintet for do. ; ;
Theatre Beaumarchais, The Bal Robert, Ma- Sonatas and other jjieces for pianoforte ;
bille. Chateau des Fleurs, Athenee Musical, Several collections of songs. Fetis, Sup- —
Elysee Montmartre, C.isiuo Cadet, and The plement, ii. 215 Riemann. ;
Bal Frascati conducted at the masked balls

; MEYER, DE, born at LEOPOLD
of the Opera Comique, and for several years Baden, near Vienna, Dec. 20, 181G, died in
the orchestra of the Folies Bergere, after- Dresden, March 5, 1883. Pianist, jjujnl of
wards the balls of the Opera. His dance Czerny and Fischhof made his iirst con- ;
music is very popular. Works Waltzes, in-: cert tour in 1835, and after that travelled
cluding La vague, and Les roses Polkas, ; through Europe. He lived some time in
mazurkas, quadrilles, and other dance mu- Constantinople, was in America in 1845-47,
sic 34 operettas ami ballet-divertissements,
; and in 1867-68 settled in Vienna. His
performed at the Folies Bergere, including execution was brilliant, but lacking in
Le valet de chambre de Madame, 1872 taste. Ignorant of classical music, he
Champagne-ballet, 1873 Un jour d'orage,
; played almost entirely his own composi-
1874 Les fauues, 187G
; Une nuit veui-
; tions. Works : Fantasias ; Caprices ; Va-
MEVElinEER
nations Nocturnes "Waltzes and a Marche servilely to imitate that master. His suc-
; ; ;
marocaine. —
Tlie Biography of Leopold de cess with the Italian public was immediate.
Meyer, etc. (Loudon, 1845) Wurzbach In 1823 he returned to Berlin to try to bring
;
Fetis Hanslick, Concertwesen in Wien, ii. about a performance of a German opera, Das
;
1G3. Brandenburger Thor, but did not succeed

IMEYERBEER, (Jakob Meyer Beer, in having it given. His friends, amon<'
knowu as) GIACO- them Carl Maria von Weber, were anxious
MO, born in Ber- that he should abandon his Italian style,
lin, Sept. 5, 1791 or with which he himself had become dissatis-
1794, died iu Paris, fied. In 1824 his Crociato in Egitto, the
May 2, 18G4. The last and best of his operas in the Rossini
family was Jewish ;
vein, made a furore in Venice. In 182G he
his father, Herz went to Paris to see its first performance
Beer, born iu Frauk- there he stopped composing for a time,
;
f o r t-o n-t h e-M a i u, and devoted himself to a thorough study of

was a rich Berlin French character, history, and art. A visit
banker his mother,
; to Berlin, where his father died, his mar-
bom Amalie Wulf, riage, and the loss of two children kept
was a woman of rare cultivation and intellect. him out of public life. But he was prepai--
He was the eldest son and the only musical iug for great things ; the new path into
member of the immediate family, although which French grand-opera had been led by
two of his brothers rose to distinction, Auber's Muette de Portici and Rossini's
AVilhelm as astronomer and Michael as poet. Guillaume Tell, the new development of
As a young boy he studied the pianoforte orchestral writing at the hands of Berlioz,
under Lauska and Clemcnti, played iu gave him hints of the possibility of a new
public at the age of seven, and was soon operatic style. Robert le Diable (1881), the
considered one of the best pianists iu Ber- firstwork iu Meyerbeer's Liter, or great
lin. He began to study harmony and manner, began a new era in French opera.
couuterpoiut under Zelter, but, finding the In 1S3G it was followed by Lcs Huguenots.
drill unbearably severe, he soon left him In 1838 he set to work upon L'.Vfricaine.
for Ausehu "Weber. Li 1810 ho went to A (juarrel with Scribe, author of the text,
Darmstadt to study under the Abbo "Vogler, brought about by Meyerbeer's continual
in whose house he lived two years. During demands for changes, ended in Scribe's
this period he \\Tote several choral works aud withdrawing the libretto altogether, iley-
two unsuccessful operas. About 1812 he erbeer, however, immediately went to work
went to Vienna to appear as a pianist, but, on Le Proiihi-te, which was liuished in a
hearing Hummel play on the evening of year (1842-43). He was now appointed
his ai-rival, he felt dissatisfied with his own Kapellmeister to the King of- Prussia, and
powers, and immediately devoted several spent much of his time iu Berlin, where ho
months to hard technical practice. "When brought out his Feldlagcr in Schlesieii
he did apjjear iu public, his success was (1844) aud \\'eber's Euryanthe. He also
immense. But his ambition was to make introduced Jenny Lind to the Berlin pub-
a mark as a composer, and on the failure of lic. In 1847 he made visits to Vienna and
his operetta, Die zwei Cadis, iu 1814, he
'
London, and on his return to Berhu be

went to Italy by Salieri's advice to study mounted "Wagner's Rienzi. In 1849 he re-
Tocal writing. In 1815 he was iu Venice, turned to Paris to bring out his Prophcte,
where Rossini's Taiicredi made such an which had been waiting six yoai-s. His
imin-essiou upou him that he began rather health was now beginning to fail, aud he
MEYEIIBEER
was acciistomeil to pass every autuiuu at Padua, July 19, 1815 Scmiramidc riconosci- ;
Spa. He
coutinued living alteruately in uta, Turin, 1819; A'«i)»adiRes))urgo, Venice,
Berlin and Paris, always bringing out bis 1819 llarghcrita d' Anjou, Milan, Nov. 14,
;
operas in the latter city (L'ctoile du Nord, 1820 L' esule di Grauata, Milan, March
;
1854, Le pardon de PloOrmel, 1859). He 12, 1822 Das Brandenbui-ger Thor, Berlin, ;
had long since, even before the production 1823 ; II CVocialo in Egitto, Venice, 1824 ;
of the Prophcte, resumed work upon L'Afri- Jiobcrl le Diable, Paris, Nov. 21, 1831 ; Les
caine, and the opera was finished (all but Huguenots, Paris, Feb. 29, 1836 Eiu ; FM-
the last touches) and in rehearsal when he lager in Schlesien, Berlin, Dec. 7, 1844
died. Although a German by birth and Struensee (overture and entr'actes), Berlin,
education, Meyerbeer, as a composer, be- Sept. 21, 1846 ; Le p'f'oph'de, Paris, April
longs properly to the French school ever ; 16,1849 UHoile du Nord, Paris, Feb. 16,
;
since Robert be has been the representative 1854 Le pardon de Ploormel (Dinorah),
;
man in the fiekl of French graud-opura. Paris, June 2, 1859 ; liAfricaine, Paris,
He was, in a manner, unique ; his orig- April 28, 1864.
inality showed itself rather in a daring H. Oratorios, cantatas, and vocal music
eclecticism than in the creation of new Gott und die Natur, oratorio, Berlin, 1811
musical forms. But he certainly originated 7 sacred cantatas of Klopstock, for 4 voices
a new manner. He was a master of dra- without accompaniment An Gott, hj'mn ;
matic effect ; indeed, he was willing to sacri- by Gubitz, 4 voices Le Genie de la Mu- ;
fice everything to effectiveness. His genius sique a la tombe de Beethoven, soli and
showed by a succession of brilliant
itself chorus Cantata for 4 voices, for the inau-
;
strokes rather than by the well-sustained guration of the Gutenberg statue at Mainz ;
development of really noble musical forms. Maria und ihr Genius, do. for soli and cho-
Side by side with his grandest pages one rus, for the silver wedding of Prince and
constantly finds jjassages of ignoble triv- Princess Karl of Prussia Brautgeleite aus ;
iality and vulgarity. His influence in der Heiniath, serenade for 8 voices without
France was immense, and for a long time accompaniment, for the wedding of Princess
he was looked up to there as Mendelssohn Luise of Prussia La festa neUa corte di ;
was in England. He was a laboriously Ferrara Marsch der baierischen Bogeu- ;
careful composer, and none of his greater schiitzen, 4 voices, male chorus, and brass
operas was really finished until it was per- instruments Ode to Ranch, the sculptor, ;
formed. His musical leai-niug has been soli, chorus, and orchestra Festal Hymn, ;
much overrated in France his best orches- for the silver wedding of the King of Prus-
;
tral composition, the overture to Struensee, sia, 4 voices and chorus Freundschaft, ;
can bear no sort of comparison with works male quartet Psalm XCL, 8 voices a cap- ;
by the really great orchestral writers. The pella, written for the Berlin Domchor
Huguenots, especially the fourth act, is (Paris, Brandus) Pater noster, 4 voices ;
generally considered his greatest work, and organ 12 psalms for double chorus ;
although the ultra-Meyerbeerites claim pre- (MS.) Stabat Mater Miserere Te Deuni ; ; ;
cedence for the Prophete; again, Robert is (all in MS.) Many songs with pianoforte in ;
the favourite with the anti-Meyerbeerites. Quarante melodies u une et plusieurs voix
I. Operas and dramatic works Jeph- (Paris, Brandus) Nebeu dir, for tenor with
: ;
tba's Geliibde, Berlin, 1811 Thevelindens violoncello obligato Des Jiiger's Lied, for
; ;
Liebe (monodrama for soprano and cho- bass with horns obligati Dichter's Wahl- ;
rus with clarinet obligato), Vienna, 1813 .spruch, canon for 3 voices A Venezia, bar- ;
Wirth und Gast (Alimelek, or the Two Ca- carolle Des Schiifer's Lied, for tenor and ;
liphs), Munich, 1813 Romilda e Costauza, clarinet obligato Several other songs.
; :
MfiZEllAY
ni. Instrumental music : 3 Fiirkeltdnze founded the Societe
Sainte-CVcile in 1843.
for brass baud, afterwards scored for or- Works Le Sicilien, on I'amour peiiitre, :
chestra Grand March for the Schiller opc'ra-comique, Strasburg, 1825

;
GuiUaumo ;
Centenary, 1859 Overture in the form of de Nassau, opera. The

;
Hague, 1832 ; and
a march, for the ojêning of the London In- other music— Fetis,
Supplement, ii. 217;
Riemann ; Mendel, Ergiinz., 279.
MICHAEL ANfiELO, overture, by Niels
\V. Gade, op. 39, dedicated to Professor A
B. I\Iarx. It was first perfonued in New
York by the Philharmonic Society, in the
season of 1873-74. Published by Kistner
(Leipsic, between 1800-07).
MICHEL-ANGE, opt'ra-comique in one
act, text by Delrieu, music by Nicolo Isou-
ternational Exhibition, 1802 Coronation ; ard, first represented at the Theatre Fcy-
March, 1863 Pieces for pianoforte, in MS.
; deau, Dec. 11, 1802. Elleviou, Chenard,
•
—Henri Blaze de Bury, IMeyerbeer, sa vie, Douzainville, Mme Scio-Messie, and Mnie
ses oeuvres et son temps (Paris, Hengel, Saint-Aubin sang the chief parts. Tliis was
1805) Albert de Lasalle, M., sa vie et le
; the first opera that attracted the attention of
catalogue de ses ceuvres (ib., Dentu, 1804) ;
Paris to Nicolo.— Clement et Larousse, 453.
Hermann Mendel, Giaeomo M., eine Biogra- ]\nCHELI, R0:MAN0, born in Rome in
phic (Berlin, Heimann, 1808) ; do., M., sein 1575, died there about 1055. Church com-
Leben und seine Werke (ib., Leisser, 180'J) poser, pupil of Naniiii and Soriano. He
Atlantic Monthly, xliv. 444 ; Fctis ; do., became a priest at Aciuileja, and while very
Supplement ; Grove ; Mendel. young travelled througli Italy, to become
MfiZERAY, LOUIS CHARLES LAZARE acquainted with the masters of his art
COSTARD DE, bora at Brunswick, Nov. taught music for some time in Concordia,
Modena, and in 1025 was appointed maestro
25, 1810, died at Asniores, near Paris, April
1887. Dramatic composer, son of an em- di cappella of S. Luigi de' Franccsi, Rome.
ploye of the French administration, named Works Musica vaga ed ai'tificiosa, 50 can- :
Costard, who entered France under the ons (1615) Madrigali a sei voci in canoui ;
Restoration and took the stage name of (1021) Canoni musicali composti sopra le ;
Mezeray. At the age of fifteen he was sec- vocali di piti parole, etc. (1045) La potesta ;
ond leader of orchestra at the theatre of pontificia diritta dclla Sanctissiina Triniti,
Strasburg, where he studied imder Talliez compieta a sei voci (1010) Masses for 4 ;
and Wachenthal then became conductor voices (1050)

;
Psalms for do. (1038) Res- ; ;
at Verviers next at Lii'ge of the theatre, ponsoria for 5 voices (1058). Fetis Rie-
; — ;
the Conservatoire concerts, and the Con- mann Schilling. ;
certs Grc'tryand in 1830 was appointed con-

; MIDI, LE, symphony in C, by Haydn.
ductor of the Royal Theatre at Tlie Hague. The autograph score, preserved in Eiscn-
He went to Paris in 1833 studied counter- stadt, is dated Eisenstadt, 17(!I, with the
;
point and fugue under Reicha became superscription, "In Nomine Domini," and
;
conductor in Ghent, Rouen, and Marseilles after the signature the word.s, " Laus Deo,"
;
was engaged as baritone singer at Bordeaux, Haydn's usual close. I. Adagio Allegro
Montpellier, Antweq), and Nantes and II Adagio HI. Menuetto IV'. Finale, Al-
; ; ;
finally was made conductor of tlie Grand legro. Published by Wcracr (Hamburg,
Theatre at Bordeaux in 1843, a position he 17'82) by Traeg (A'ienna, 1799).— Pohl, ;
occupied more than thirty years. He Haydn, i. 229, 285 Townseud, Haydu, 52. ;
MIDSUMMER
MIDSUjMMER NIGHT'S DREAM, A. also liave made successes in this character,
See <S'o»i mernachtslraum. and Clara Louise Kellogg is excellent as
MIGNON, ojiora-eomique in three acts, rhiline. The opera was represented in
text by Jules Barbier and IMicbel Carn', London in Italian at Drury Lane, July 5,
after Goetbe's " Wilbebn Meister," music 1870. Published by Filrstner (Berlin,
by Ambroise Thomas, first rej^resented at 18G8). — Edwards, Lyrical Drama, ii. 4-1 ;
tlie Opera Comique, Paris, Nov. 17, ISGfi. Clement et Larousse, 738 Hanslick, Mo- ;
The scenes were suggested by Ary Schef- derne Oper, 179 Jullieu, Goethe et la mu-
;
fer's j)iotures. Among the favourite numbers sique, 2.5G Athonteum (1870), ii. 57 Wo-
; ;
are Miguon's song, " Connais tu le pays oii

: cheublatt (1870), i:!l Atlantic Monthly, ;
fleurit I'oi'anger?" ;
" Li'geres liirondelles," xxix. GS.'S Upton, Standard Operas, 208.
;
duct between Miguon and Lothario ; "Wil- MIHALOVICH, EDMUND VON, born
at Fericsaucze, Slavonia, Sept. 13, 1842,
still living, 1889. Pianist, studied the ele-
ments of music at Pesth ; then in 18G5, at
Leijisic, theory under Hauptmann, and in
Munich the pianoforte under Billow. He
belongs to the new German school of com-
posers. Works Hagbarth : inid Sigue, ro-
mantic opera, Dresden, 1882 ; Das Geis-
tersehiff (Strachwitz), Ballad for grand or-
chestra Hero und Leander (Schiller),
; do. ;
La ronde du Sabbat (Victor Hugo), do.

Die Nixe (Gyulai), do.; Funeral March, in
honour of Franz Deak, for do. Pianoforte ;
music and songs. Ricmaun. —

MIKADO, THE, or the Town of Titipu,
comic operetta in two acts, text by Gilbert,
music by Sullivan, first represented at the
Savoy Theatre, London, March 14, 1885.
Characters represented : The Mikado ; Ko-
Ko, the Lord High Executioner Pooh-Bah, ;
a Tremendous Swell ; Nauki-Poo, Second

Sigrid Arnoldson, as Mignon. Trombone in the Titiim Town-baud
Ka- ;
tisha, an elderly lady of the court Yum ;
hehn Meister's "Adieu, IMignon, cou-

aria,
Yum, Peep Bo, and Pitti-Sing, three young
rage " his duet with Mignon, " As-tu souf-
;
ladies. The Mikado was first performed in

fert, as-tu pleuro ? " the berceuse, " De son
;
New York at the Fifth Avenue Theatre,

coeur j'ai cahnu la fiovre," sung by Lothario
Aug. 19, 1885.— Athenreum (1885), i. 384
;
;
and the romance, " Ella ne croj'ait jias, dans
London Times, March IG, 1885 New York ;
sa candeur naive." Original cast
Tribune, Aug. 9, 1885 Krohbiel, Review ;
Mignon Mme Galli-]\Iaric. (18S5-8G), i.
"Wilhelm Meister M. Achard. MI L.\GNER(J TACENDO, soprano aria

Laerte M. Couderc. of Laodice, in D minor, with accompaniment
Lothario 51. Bataille. of violins in unison, and continuo, in Han-
Philine Mme Cabel. del's Siroe, Act. II.,Scene 1. Published
Christine Nilsson's impersonation of Mignon separately, in filled out pianoforte score by
is ideal ; Mme Lucca and Sigrid Ai-noldson Otto Dresel (Lcipsic, Breitkopf & Hiirtel).
MlLA^'OLLO
MILANOLLO, (MARIA) TEEESA, born Mozart and Haydn in London, ii. 209
I
; Up-
at Savigliano, near Turin, Aug. 28, 1827, ton. Standard Symphonies, IGl.
stillliving, 1889. Violinist, pupil of Gio- MILLER, EDWARD, born in Norwich,
vanni Ferrero and Giovanni Jlorra aj)- England, in 1731, ;
peared in public before the age of seven, in died at Doncaster,

Paris attracted the notice of Lafont, with Sept. 12, 1807. Vir-
whom she studied and travelled. She gave tuoso on the piano-
lessons on the violin to her younger sister forte and the Hnte,
Maria (1832-1848), who appeared with her and winter on music ;
in France, Germany, Italy, and England. pupil at Lynn of

After Maria's death she travelled alone for Burne}-. In 175C he
some years, but since her marriage with M became organist at
Parmentier in 1857 has led a more settled Doncaster, a posi-
life. Works Ave JIaria, chorus for male
: tion which he filled fifty years. il\js. Doc,
quartet ; Fantaisie L-k'giaque for violin ; 2 Cambridge, 178G. Works: G solos for
romances Transcriptions and variations for Gennan flute
; 6 sonat.aa for the harpsi- ;
violin and pianoforte.^Fetis do.. Supple- chord Elegies for voice and pianoforte
; ;
;
ment, ii. 221 Wasielewski, Die Violiue, 12 songs The Psalms of David
; Several ; ;
313; Les sceurs Milauollo (Lyons, 1817). treatises. Fi'tis Schilling Rieraann. — ; ;
jnLANUZIO (Milanuzzi), 'carlo, Ital- JIILLER, .lULIUS, born in Dresden in

ian composer of the 17th century. He was 1782, died at Charlottenburg, April 7, 1851.
an Augustine monk of Santa Nataglia, be- Dramatic singer and composer, mostly self-
came organist of San Stefano in Venice taught. In 1791 he was taken to Prague,
about 1G15, and later of Santa Eufemia in to join in the singing at the coronation fes-
Verona. His compositions show him to have tivals, and in 1799 he appeared as violinist
been among the distinguished Italian musi- in a concert at Halle. Having successfully
cians of his time. "Works Messe concer- made his dubut as a tenor singer at the
:
tate (Venice, 1G18) ; Litanie della Madonna German theatre in .\msterdam, he devoted
(ib., 1G20) ; Armonia sacra di concerti, etc. himself to the stage, went first toFleusburg,
(ib., 1622) Sacra cetra, concerti con affetti in 1802 to Schleswig, in 1803 to Hamburg,
;
ecclesiastici (ib., 1025) Ariose vaghezze and was then considered the best tenor of
;
(ib. 1G25) Salmi e Vesperi intieri (ib., his time. After having been a memlêr of
;
1G28) Messe a tre concertate, etc. (ib., the opera in Breslau, where he formed a
;
1G29) Compietaconcertatacon le antifonie friendship with Weber, he travelled with an

;
e litanie (ib.) Balletti, saltarelli, e corren- opera troupe in 1810-13, and was aV)out to
;
tine alia fraucese Concerti sacri di salmi go to Russia when he was called to K'>nigs-
;
(ib., 1G3G) Hortus sacer deliciarum, seu berg. In 1816 he sang in Berlin, Frank-
;
motetti, litauireet missa(ib., 1C3G). Fctis —

fort, and Darmstadt, in 1818 in Hanover, iu ;
Gerber Schilling.
;
1820 iu .Amsterdam. He went to Paris iu
MILD L'ND LEISE "\VIE ER LX- 1827, then to Russia and the principal Ger-
CHELT. See Tristan und Isolde. man cities, taught iu Berlin some time, and
MILITARY SY^n^HONY, in G, by finally undertook the man.agement of the
Haydn, first performed at Haydn's benefit theatre at Dessau. Reduced iu circum-
concert, London, May 2, 1794. L Largo, stances by his disorderly life, he died In ut-
Allegro H. Allegietto
;
IIL Minuet IV. ter ix)verty. Works Operas
;
Der Fi-ei-
;
— :
Finale, Presto. No. 12 of the Salomon set, brief, given at Schleswig, Court Theatre,
Breitkopf & Hiirtel, No. 11 Loudon Phil- 1802 Die Verwaudliuig, Breslau, almnt
;
;
harmonic, No. 12 ; Peters, No. 7.— Pohl, 1805 ; Julie, oder der Blumeutopf, Ger-
MILLEirS
1810 Der Kosakenofficier, Leipsic,
iiiiiny, ; eras : La piet:i d' amore, Naples, 1785 ; La
1813; Die Alpeuhutte, KOuigsberg, IHl-i; Zelinda, ib., 1787 ; La nonna 2)er far dorniir
Hermanu imd Tbusuelde, ib., 1815 Me- ; i bambini, ib., 1792. Three cantatas Ital- ;
rope, Germany, 1823 Michel unci Hann- ; ian ariettas and canzonets Nocturnes for ;
chen, ib., 1835 Das zuriickgegebeue Bou- ;

two tenors. —Fetis ; Mendel, Ergilnz., 283 ;
quet, ib., 1836 Perriicke und Musik, ; Schilling ; Gerber.

Dresden, 1846. Masses with grand orches- MILLOCKER, K.mL, born in Vienna,
tra Motets Pater noster Canons Con-
; ; ; ; May 29, 1842, still liv-
cert overtures ; Several collections of songs, ing, 1889. Dramatic
for 3-4 voices ; 6 songs, for 4 male voices ;
composer, inqiil at the
Demande et rcpouse, for 4 tenor and 4 bass Vienna Con servato-
voices ; Songs. —Fctis ; Mendel, Ergilnz., rium ; became Kapell-
282 ; Scliilling. meister of the theatre at
mLLEll'S DAUGHTER, THE, concert Gratz in 1864, and of
overture by George W. Chadwick, first per- the Harmonietheater in
formed in San Francisco in 1888. Vienna in 1866 on the ;
MILLEVILLE, FRANCESCO, born in failure of that theatre,

Ferrara, Italy, in 1565, died, probably at soon after, he went to
Chioggia, Venetia, after 1639.Organist to Pesth, but returned to Vienna in 1869,
the King of Poland, then to the Emperor where he has since been Kapellmeister of
Rudolph whose death, in 1612, he
H., after the Theater an der Wien. His music is
returned to Italy in 1614 went to Rome, ; light and popular. For several years be also
accompanied by his former pujîl Fresco- edited Musikalische Presse, a collection of
baldi. At a later date he was maestro di pianoforte pieces, ajspeariug in monthly in-
cappella at the Cathedral of Volterra, and stalments. Works — Operettas : Der todte
finally organist and maestro di cappella at Gast, Gratz, 1865 Die lustigen Binder, ib.
;
the Cathedral of Chioggia. Works 3 : Diana, Vienna, 1866 Die Frauoninsel, ;
masses for 8 voices (1617, 1626) Mass for ; Pesth, 1867 Der Regimentstambour Ein
; ;
4 voices (1617) Masses for 3 voices and ; Abenteuer in Wien Drei Paar Schuhe ; ;
Psalms (1620) 7 books of motets for 2-6 ; Die Mujsik des Teufels Das verwunschene ;
voices (1626) Domine, Dixit, Magnificat,

; Schloss, Vienna, 1878 Gri'ifin Dubarry, ;
and a motet for 9 voices (1626) Litanies ; comic opera, 1879 Die Jungfrau von Belle-
;
(1619, 1639) Concerti spirituali; and ville, 1881 Der Bettelstudent, 1882 Gas-
; ;
Gemme sj)irituali (1622) 6 books of mad- ; parone, Der Feldprediger, 1884 Dor Vice- ;
rigals for 3-4 voices (1614-24). Futis; — Admiral, 1886. Also music for many farces.
Riemann. — Fetis, Supplement, ii. 222 Riemann. ;
ISIILLICO, GIUSEPPE, born at Terlizzi, MILLS, SEBASTI.JlN BACH, born in

Modena, in 1739, died (?). Soprano singer Cirencester, England, March 13, 1838, still
and dramatic composer Gluck, who heard ; living, 1889. Pianist, jrapil on the piano-
him in Italy, thought him one of the best forte of Cijiriani Potter, Sterndale Bennett,
sopranos of the time, and chose him for his Moscheles, Plaid}', Carl Mayer, and Liszt,
niece's teacher, when Millico became at- and in harmony and composition of Haupt-
tached to the court theatre of Vienna in mann, Rietz, and Richter. In 1855 he was
1772. In 1774 he went to London, then to organist of the Roman Catholic Cathedral,
Berlin, and in 1780 was in the service of about 1857, went to America and
Sheffield ;
the King of Naples, where bis jealousy settled in New York. In 1859, 1867, and
sometimes led him to use his great influ- 1878 he made concert tours through Ger-
ence to o^jpress other artists. Works — Op- many, playing with success in the principal
MILTON
cities ; since 1859
he has appeared as a York, Norwich, and otlier tunes, in Rm-ns-
concert jjianist throujjhout North America. eroft's Whole Booke of
Psalmes (1621).
He is an honorary Grove. —
member of the Phil- JHNfi, JACQUES CL.\UDE ADOLPHE,
harmonic Society, boni in Paris, Nov. 1, 17!)6, died at Cliar-
New York A r i o n ; tres in 1854. Organist, pupil of the Con-
Societ}', New York, servatoire, where he studied the violoncello
and Tonkiinstler- and harmony. He wa.s organist of Saint-
Verein, Cologne. Roch, and faiught in Paris more than twenty
Works : Aljiine Horn, years ; afterwards organist of the Cathedral
transcription ; Bar- of Chartres. Works : Fantaisie for piano-
carole vunitienne, op. ' ^ forte and violin Nocturne for do. Fan-
; ;
12 ; 2 13 and op. 20
tarentelles, op.
taisie for pianoforte and violoncello; Con-
Murmuring Fountain, op. 22 Recollections certo de sociiite, for pianoforte Trios for
;
;
of Home, op. 23 Fairj' Fingers, op. 24

; pianoforte and strings Sonatas for piano-
; ;
Toujours gai, jjolka, op. 25 antl other pi- forte Many pieces of various kin<l, for pi-
;
;
anoforte mu.sie. anoforte and other instruments ; Method

SULTON, French opera-comique in one for violoncello Do. for double-bass Livre ; ;
act, by Jouy and Dieulafoi, music by Spon- d'orgue. Fetis. —

tiui, first represented at the Opura Co- MINOJA, A:MBR0GI0, bom at Ospita-
mique, Paris, Nov. 27, 1801:. The score is letto, near Brescia, Italy, Oct. 21, 1752; died
dedicated to the Empress Josc'phine,
to in Milan, Aug. 3, 1825. Dramatic and
whom Spontini waschamber composer. church composer, pupil at Naples of Sala
Subject, Milton, blind and persecuted, takes in counteqjoint. He succeeded Lampu-
refuge at the house of his fiieud Godwin, a gnani as accompanist at the Teatro della
Quaker". Sir William Davenant, drawn by Scala, Milan, about 1772, and went to Rome
love to Emma, ajspears on the scene, and in 1788, to write an opera for the Teatro
endeavours to reinstate her father in the Argentina. On his return to Milan he was
favour of Charles H. The music is melodi- appointed maestro di cappella at the Church
ous and rich in harmony and shows the di- of the Padri della Scala, and later inspec-
rect influence of Mozart. The best num- tor of studies at the Couservatorio in Milan.
bers are ]\Iilton's hymn to the sun, and the Works Operas Tito nelle Gallie, given iu — :
quintet. No. 7. This ojiera long remained Jlilan, La Scala, 1787 Zenobia, Rome, ;
in the repertory of the OpOra Comique. Teatro Argentina, 1788. Vcni Creator, and
It was well received in France, and was Te Deum, performed by two hundred and
represented in Berlin, March 21, 180(j, Ger- fifty singers in the Cathedral of Milan, at
man translation by Treitschke and also in the coronation of Napoleon I. as King of
;
—
Weimar, Dresden, and Vienna. Clement Italy Cantata De profundis, for 3 voices, ; ;
et Larousse, 15.5 ; Grove, iii. 666. with orchestra ; do. for 4 voices ; Siinctus
MILTON, JOHN, English composer of for 3, Jlesse solennelle for 4, voices, and
the I7th century, died in Loudon in 1616- other church music Funei-.d symphony ;
17. Vocal composer, father of the great and march I divertimenti della campagua, ;
poet, by whom his musical abilities are 4 quartets for strings Sonatas for jjiano- ;
celebrated in a Latin poem. Ad Patrem. forte. He published, Lettere sojira il Canto

He received his musical education at Christ (1812).— Fetis Mendel Riemaun. ; ;
Church, Oxford. Works In nomine, in :

BEL TESORO, sopnino aria of mo
10 parts Fayre Oriana in the Morne, sis- Ruggiero, iu G minor, with accompaniment
;
part madrigal (1601) 1 motets (1611) of 2 flutes, 2 oboes, strings complete, and
; ;
MIO
coutinuo,ill Huiidel's Alrina, Act II., Scene 2 trios for strings Adagio et Allegro, for ;
6. PublisLed separately, with additional pianoforte and strings Sonatas for piano- ;
accompaniments by Robert Frauz (Leipsic, forte and violin Sonatas, rondos, varia- ;
Kistner). tions, and other pieces for pianoforte ; Sev-

mo CARO BENE,
soprano aria of Ro- eral collections of polonaises and mazurkas.
deliuda, iu G major, with accomijaniment He wrote a treatise on instrumentation,
of oboes and violins in unison, viola, and Trattato intorno agli stromenti, ed all' is-
continue, in Handel's liodeUnda, Act 11., trumentazione (Milan, 1825).— Eneyklope-
Scene Published separately, with addi- dj-a powszeclma (Warsaw, 18G4), xvii. C51
9.
tional accompaniments by Robert Franz, Fetis Sowifiski Wurzbach. ; ;
Leipsic, Kistncr. MIREILLE, French opera in five acts,

]\nO DOLCE AMATO SPOSO, soprano text by Michel Carre, music by Gounod,
aria of Arianua, iu D minor, with accompa- first represented at the Theatre Lj-rique,
niment of strings comjilete, and contiuuo, Paris, March 19, 18G4. The subject is
in Handel's Giastino, Act I., Scene 12. taken from Mistral's poem, " Mireio." Mi-
Published sejxarately, in filled out piano- reille, the daughter of a rich proi^rietor,
forte score by Otto Dresel (Leipsic, Breit- Ramon, is iu love with Vincent, the son of a
kopf & Hiirtel). poor basket-maker. Her father commands
MIRA DI ACERBE. See Tromlore. her to marry a wealthy but brutal cattle-
BnRA, O NORMA. See Norma. driver, Oun-ias, who kills his rival. Mireille
JIIRECia, FRANZ (in Polish, Franei- dies in the arms of her betrothed. The
szek), born at Cracow iu 179i (1791 ?), died music is j)astoral and lyric, written with
there, May 29, 1862. Pianist and dramatic local colour, and includes many folk-songs.
composer played the pianoforte when four, The opera was reduced to tkree acts, with
;
and two years later appeared in concerts. the addition of a waltz, and was reproduced
In 1814 he went to Vienna, where he studied at the same theatre, Dec. 15, 18G4. Per-
pianoforte and composition under Hummel, formed in Italian at Her Majesty's, London,
and harmony under Preindl. After living July 5, 18G4, with Jllle Tietjens as Mireille ;
in close iutercourse with Beethoven, Salieri, Mme Trebelli, Taveu Sig. Giuglini, Vin- ;
Moscheles, and Pixis, he went to Venice, cent and Mr. Santlej-, Ourrias. Published ;
iu 181G, to study the Italian method of by Choudens (Paris, 18G5) and by Boosey
siugiug, and then passed several years in (Loudon, 18G5). Clement et Larousse, —
Paris, and in Milan and other Italian cities, 45G; Athenseum (18G4), i. 478, 514; ii. 57 ;
to introduce his comjsositions. About 1825 (1870), 442 Hanslick, Moderne Oper, 205 ; ;
he accepted the direction of the Teatro San Allgem. mus. Zeitg. (1864), 340; Upton,
Carlo iu Lisbon, and in 1820, after a visit Standard Operas, 123.
to England, returned to Genoa, where for INIIR HAT DIE WELT, choral iu li-flat
twelve years he taught vocal music. In major, for Coro I. and H., with acconipani-
1838 he was called to Cracow, to du'ect a ment of two fiutes, 2 oboes, strings com-
school of dramatic singing. —
Works Op- plete, organ and continuo, in Johaun Sebas-
eras Cyganie, given iu Warsaw, 1820
: tian Bach's Paxsion nach Matthiius (No. 38).
Evandro in Pergarao, Genoa, 1824 I due The melody is " In dich hab' ich gehoflfet,
;
forzati, Lisbon, 182G Adriano in Siria; Herr," by Sethus Calvisius (1594).

;
Cornelio Bentivoglio, Milan, 1844 ; Una ftHRIAMS SIEGESGESANG (Miriam's

notte negli Ajjenuini, Cracow, 184.5. Bal- Soug soprano solo with
of Victory), for
lets : Octavia ; II castello di Kenilworth ;
chorus and pianoforte accompaniment, text
I baccanali abboliti, Milan. Oratorios ;
by Grillparzer, music by Schubert, op. 13G,
Symphony for grand orchestra ; 2 masses ; first iserformed in Vienna, at a concert for
MIR
erecting a head-stotie at Scliuljerfs grave, [
nine voices in two choruses, in the second
Jan. 30, 1829. It was composed
Gregorian mode (transposed), sung annually in 1828,
aud published by Diabelli (Vienna, 1838). at Tenebrse iu the Sixtine Chapel, in Holy
It was orchestrated by Franz Lachner, and Week. It belongs to a collection of twelve
tirst performed iu Vienna, ]March 28, 1830. settings of the Miserere preserved in two
Published by Seuff (Leipsic). Same title, MS. volumes in the archives of the Ponfiti-
coucert aria for soprano with orchestra by cal Choir, and is the only one of the twelve
Karl Reinecke, op. 74, published by IJreit- still iu iise. The other eleven are l>y Cos-
—
kopf & Hiirtel (Leipsic, 18G3). Kreissle tauzo Festa, Luigi Dentice, Francesco Guer-
von Hellboru, Schubert (Coleridge), ii. rero, Palestrina, Teofilo Gargano, Francesco
201 Allgem. mus. Zeitg. (1863), 589 Up- Anerio, Felice Anerio, an anonymous com-
; ;
ton, Standard Cantatas, 314. poser, Giovanni Maria Naniui, Sante Nal-
UnK 1ST so WUNDERB.\E. See Fi- dini, aud Ruggiero Giovanelli. The MS. of
dclio. this Miserere was so carefully guarded in the
]\nRY, CHARLES, born
Ghent, Aug. archives of the Pontifical Chapel that until
in
14, 1823, still living, 1889.Dramatic coni- 1770 only three transcriptions had been
poser, pupil at the Ghent Conservatoire of lawfully made one for the Emperor Leo- ;
Meugal iu harmony aud counterpoint, and pold I., one for the King of Portugal, and
later of Gevaert. He conii^leted his musical one for Padre JIartini. The latter lent
studies iu Paris, aud returned to his native his copy to Dr. Burney, who compared it
town to conduct a theatre orchestra. In with a transcription of his own, probably
1857 he was appointed professor of compo- obtained through Santarelli, the singer, and
sition at the Conservatoire, Ghent. Works published it in a work, now rare, entitled
— Operas and operettas

•
: Biigitta, given iu " La Musica della Scttimana Santa," re-
Ghent, Theatre Miuard, 1847 La lanterne ;
printed in Novello's "Music of Holy Week."
magique, ib., Grand Theatre, 1854; Charles- Mozart accomplished the remarkable feat
Quint, ib., before 1857 Anne Mie, Antwerp, ;

'
of writing down this entire composition in

1853 Bouchard d'Avesncs, Ghent, 1SG4
;
;
'
1770, at the age of fourteen, after having
Maria van Burgoudie, ib., 18GG De Keizer it once in the Sixtine Chapel, where
; ,
heard
bij de Boeren, ib., 18G6 De occasie maakt he corrected his MS. two days later. Men-
;
deu dief, ib., 18C6 Fraus Ackermau, Brus- delssohu was enthusiastic in his admiration
;
sels, 18G7 Brutus eu Cesar, Ghent, 1867 of this work.— Grove, i. 54 ii. 336 Fi'tis,
;
;
' ; ;
Le manage de Marguerite, ib., 1867 Een i. 72 Mendel, i. 165 Hensel, Mendelssohn, ; [ ; ;
Eugel op wacht, Antwerp, 1869 Drie Ko- ii. 98 Moritz Hauptmann, Briefe an Franz ; ;
ningeu Avoud, ib., 1870 La Sauit-Lucas, Hauser, i. 52 Allgem. mus. Zeitg., ^svii.
; j
;
Ghent, 1870 Het Driekoniugenfeest, Brus- 420

;
Csecilia, ii. 6G The Harmonicon :
; ;
sels, La rose d'or Le poete et son

1876 ; ; !
(1825), 195 ;
Baini, Memorie della vita e
ideal Twee zusters.

; Ballets La bouque- : '
delle opere di Palestrina, ii. 200.
tiere La fee des eaux Klida, Brussels.

; ;
:^^SERERE, by Tomniaso Bai, w-ritteu
Cantatas Au roi La Belgique, ou le regne

: ;
j
iu 1714, at the request of the choir in the
de 25 ans Le 16 decembre Les orphe-

; ; j
Vatican, of which he was maestro di cap-
lins Het Eerevaandel der werklieden Het pella. This
;
; '
is its composer's only work of
Eerevaandel der Weezenjongeus van Gent, importance. witten in the Second It is
Choruses men's voices Several collec- Mode transposed, with verees for four and
for ;
tions of school-songs Music for wind iu- for five voices, alternately,
;
the last one end-
struments Pianoforte music— Fetis do., ing with eight parts. It was
sung in the ;
;
with AUegn's
Supplement, ii. 226 Mendel, Ergiinz., 284. Sixtine Chapel alternately
;
inSERERE, by Gregorio AUegri, for during the three days of the Tencbne, from ,
6W
MISSA
1714 till 17C7, one by Tartiiii bein^ per- these in the test mass tliat was ordered
formed iu 17(58 aud again from 1709 till of him, the Cardinals gave him something
;
1820, with the exception of 1777, when Pas- more than a hint to do his best to write a
quale Pisari's Miserere was given. It was mass which should so set forth the beauties
published by Choron iu his collection of of the old, accustomed style, that the Pope
sacred music, and by Burney aud by No- might be induced not to withdraw the pro-
vello. It is now performed every other tection of the Church from it. And this
year, the second day of the Teuebrre, alter- was, in fact, the result of the matter. The
nately with that of Giuseppe Baiui, which mass was first p)ublished iu Palestrina's
was first suug in 1821. The latter is a work Liber missarum secuudus, 15G7. It is in
of great merit and was composed for the Alfieri's edition of Palestrina's works, vol.
Sixtine Chapel by order of Pope Pius VIL i.. No. 1 (Rome, Pietro Pittarelli, 1841) a ;
In MS.— Fetis, i. 74; Meudel, i. 415 All- pojiular edition, iu the modern clefs, is
;
gem, mus., Zeitg., xxvii. 418 Baiui, Memo- published by Ricordi in Milan. Ambros,
; —
rie della vita e delle opere di Palestriua, ii. iv. 13 ; Grove, ii. 229.
195 ; Grove, i. 125, 288 ; iii. 519. MISSA PRO DEFUNC TI S . See A'*;-
MISSA PAPJ3 MARCELLI, one of quiem.

three masses written by Palestriua by the SOLENNIS, in D, by Beethoven,mSSA
order of a board of eight Cardinals, pre- opus 123, dedicated to the Cardinal Arch-
sided over by S. Carlo Borromeo, commis- duke Rudoljih Johann, Bishop of Olmiitz.
sioned by Pius IV. to see that the decrees Beethoven began sketches for this mighty
of the Council of Trent in reference to a work in 1818, aud it was completed in 1823.
reform in church music were carried out. MS. copies of the score were sold, at fifty
This mass, dedicated to the memory of ducats, to several crowned heads, and to
Pope Marcellus II., was first publicly per- the Cilcilien-Verein at Frankfort-on-the-
formed in the Sixtiue Chaiiel, June 19, Main, and iu 1825 the right of publication
1565, at the solemn service consecrating the was sold to Schott, iu Maiuz, for one thou-
alliance between the Papal Chair and the sand florins. The first complete perform-
Swiss Confederates, S. Carlo Borromeo offi- ance was given in Russia, March 2G, 1824.
ciating. It is for six voices (S., A., 2 T., 2 aud most
Beethoven called it his " greatest
B.) unaccompanied, and is in was given iu New
the Gregorian successful work." It
Hypoioniau mode, except the Crucifixus York, nnder Theodore Thomas, at the Mu-
and Benedictus, which are in the Mixolyd- sic Festival in the 7th Regiment Armoury,
ian. The work has been made the nucleus May 3, 1882. Breitkopf & Hartel, Beetho-
of many unwarranted legends, the most ven Werke, Serie 19, No. 203.— Marx, Beeth-
absurd of which, and the generally accejjted oven, n. 273 Nohl, III. 99, 148, 185, 254, ;
one, is that it embodied all the reforms in 202, 300, 399, 485, 490, 522 Lenz, H. ;
church music decreed or suggested by the Part n. 141 Grove, ii. 234. ;
Council of Trent, and was thus the point of MIT GE^VITTER UND STURM. See
departure of a new and perfected .style of Fliegende HolU'inder.
ecclesiastical composition. The truth is Hn TRADi QUELL' ALMA INGRATA.
See Don Giovanni.
that, as far as its musical style is concerned,
it embodies not one of these reforms, and MITRIDATE, Rl>. DI PONTO (Mithri-
contains no single novel musical feature. dates. King of Pontus), Italian opera in
The Cardinals of the board were individu- three acts, text by the Abbate Pariui, after
ally strongly opposed to the musical reforms Racine, revised by Vittorio Amadeo Cigna-
suggested by the Council, and so far from Santi, music by Mozart, first represented in
Palestrina's being instructed to conform to Milan, Dec. 20, 1770. Mozart, then but
MIT
fourteen years old, con(^llf^tc<l, aiul the op- in Naples, 1788. It was îven
;
in Paris,
era was received with enthusiasm. The Sept. ISOl, as La
2, meunii-re, with Miue
original score is lost, but several fragments Festa in the title-role and at the Kinj. ;
are in the library of the Pai-is Conser- Theatre, London, March 22, 1803. A duet,
vatoire. Italian operas of the same title " Nel cor pill non mi sento," and an
aria,
on Zenj)'s music by Bioni, Venice,
text, " (Juanl' e piil bello," were popular themes
1722, Ferrara, 1729 Antonio Gaklara, Vi-
; for variations, among which are several by
enna, Nov. U, 1728 Gini, Turin, 1730 ;
;
Beetlioven. Anotlier air, La Rachelina,- is
Porpora, Venice, 1733 Aliprandi, Munich, ; !
included in the :\Iusical Library, i. !)8. In
1738 Terradeglias, London, 17Go
; Sarti, ; 1 1789 Cherubini inserted into this opera
Parma, 1765 ; Sacchini, London, 1777 ;
nine airs which were admired by Louis
Tarchi, Rome, 1780 Niccolini, Milan, ; X\7. Published by Stciumetz (Hamburg).
181G Tadolini, Venice, 1820 Paolo Ser-
; ; ^lOLIQUE, WILHEL:\I BEKXH.ARD,
rao, Madrid, 1882. Same title, Italian born in Nuremberg, Oct. 7, 1802, died at
opera, text by Villati, music by Graun, Cannstadt, near Stuttgart, May 10, 18G9.
Berlin, Dec. IG, 1750. Mitridate, re di Violinist, son and pupil of a town musi-
Ponto, vincitor di se stesso, text by Me- cian, be learned several instruments, but
rindo Fesanio (Benedetto Pasqualigo), mu- made a special study of the violin. He
sic by Giovanni ]\Iaria Capelli, Venice, had a few les.sons of Spohr, then studied
1723 ; La morte di Mitridate, by Zingarelli, two years under Rovelli in Munich, and
Venice, 1797 and by ]\Iarcos Portugal,
; [
afterwards played in the orchestra of the
text by Caravito, Lisbon, ISOG, Milan, 1815 ; ,
Theater an der Wien in Vienna. In 1820
Vonina c Mitridate, by Sebastian Nasolini, :
he succeeded Kovelli as court violinist
Florence, 1799, Paris, Dec. 13, 1817 and ; in Munich ; made his first concert tour in
by Francesco Gnecco, text bj' Rossi, Veu- 1822 was ; royal Conzertmeister at Stutt-
ice, 1803 music to Racine's tragedy, by
; gart in 1820-49, often giving concerts in
Johann Adam Scheibe, Leii^sic, 1738 and ; other German cities and abroad settled ;
by Scheinprtug, Rudolstadt, May 5, 1754. in London in 1849, and acquired a promi-

—Kocbel, Verzeichniss, No. 87 ; Andre, nent position as a solo and quartet player
Verzeichniss, No. 32 ; Jahn, Mozart, i. 277 and as teacher of his instniment. In 18CC
;
Gehring, Mozart, 44 ; Caecilia, xxiii. 241. he retired to Cannstadt. His compositions

MIT STAUNEN SIEHT DAS WUNDER- show technical mastery, though often want-
WERK, soprano solo (Gabriel) and chorus, ing in inspiration.Works Abraham, ora- :
in C major, in Haydn's Die Schiijifung, Part torio, Music Festival, Norwich, 1800 2 ;
L (No. 4). masses Symphonj' 5 violin concertos

; ; ;
MITTERNACHT, quartet. See Martha. Concertino ; string (luartets ; Pianoforte

ItHT WURD' UND HOHEIT, tenor aria
in C major, of Uriel, in Haydn's Die Schi'ip-
fung, Part
MOISE AU
II. (No. 24).
SINA'i, oratorio, text by Col- trio ; Duets
Mr<^
for violin and other instru-
lin and Saint-Etienne, music by Felicien ments ; Fantasias for violin and orchestj-a ;
David, first performed at the Academie Pieces for violin and pianoforte Songs ;
Roj-ale de Musique, Paris, March 21, 184G. and other musia— Fetis Mendel Rie- ;
It was written in Germany. niann Schilling Hart, The VioUu, 423

; ; ;
MOi'SE EN EGYPTE. See Mosi in Wasielewski, Die Violine, 300.

Egitto. MOLLENHAUER, EDW.VRD, bom in
MOLINARA, LA (The Maid of the :\rill), Erfurt. Prassian Saxony, April 12, 1827.
Italian opera by Paisiello, tii-st represented still living, 1889. Violinist ; at the age of
679
iloLLOY
nine niailo successful concert tour with been well received, though he was firmly
n.
his two elder brothers Frederic aud Heiu- convinced of their importance. Works :
rich, both after- String quartets Trios Sonatas for piano- ; ;
v/ a r d a well-known forte and violin Sonatas aud other pieces ;
musicians. When for pianoforte Cantatas and songs Pre- ; ;
fourteen he became miere annee de lemons de piano-forte Cours ;
tlie puiîl of Ernst, complet d'harmonie et de composition

and two j-ears later d'apres vine theorie neuve (Paris, 180(i, 3
of SiJohr. During vols.) and several other theoretical writ-
;
these years he ings. Ho was the last editor of the Ency-

played with much clopedic methodique (Paris, 1791-1818), be-
success in Germany gun by Ginguene and Framery. His sou
and in St. Peters- George Joseph, born at Vire (Calvados),
burg as a protege of the Archduchess of Des- Dec. 12, 1812, was a pupil of Zimmerman
sau. Being ordered back to Germany to aud Eeicha at the Paris Conservatoire, be-
serve as a soldier, he fled to England, where came organist of Chapel of Saint-Denis,
he joined Jullien's orchestra as solo violin, and about 1814 jjrofessor at the Young
and in 1853 went with him to America, Ladies' Institute at Nogeut-sur-Marue, aud
and settled in New York, where he still afterwards retired to his native town. He
resides. He is one of the founders of the has composed many nocturnes, romances,
"Musical Conservatory " system in Amer- aud sacred melodies. Fetis do., Supple- — ;
ica, aud conducts a violin college for the ment, ii. 229 Schilling Gerber Kie-
; ; ;
perfection of advanced students. Works niaun. :
The Corsican Bride, opera, produced at MONDONVILLE, JEAN JOSEPH CAS-

Winter Palace, New Yoi-k, 18G1 Breakers, ;
^-^ SANEA DE, born at
comic opera, New York, 1881 The Masked ; Niirbonne, Dec. 25,
Ball, comic opera The Passions, sj'm-
; 1711, died at Belleville,
phony 2 other symphonies String quar-
; ;
near Paris, Oct. 8, 1772.
tets ;Pieces for the violin Duets Songs.
; ; Violinist and dramatic
MOLLOY, JAMES LYMAN, born in composer, born of poor
Ireland in 1837, still living, 1889. Ama- but noble parents he ;
teur dramatic aud vocal composer M.A. ; early studied the violin
of the Catholic University of Ireland. and became first violin
Works— Operettas Student's Frolic My
:
; at Lille. Three of his
Aunt's Secret Very catching.
; Irish melo- motets were given in the Concerts Spirituels,
dies, edited with new accompaniments Paris, in 1737 with such success as to pro-
Songs. cure him a place in the king's chamber mu-
MOMIGNY, jfiROME JOSEPH (DE), sic. He succeeded Gervais as superintend-
born in Philippeville (Namur), Belgium, ent of the Versailles chapel in 1744. His
Jan. 20, 1762, died after 1855. At the age first ojjera was not a success, but his ob-
of twelve he became organist at Saiut-Omer, sequiousness secured powerful influence.
later of the Abbey of Saiute-Colombe, and in When a company of Italian singers came to
1785 at Lyons. He took refuge in Switzer- France, in 1752, there was a great conten-
land during the Revolution, but in 1800 tion, known as the guerre des bouffons, be-
founded a music business in Paris, published tween the partisans of Italian and French
his own wi-itings, and taught. He lived after- music. Mme de Ponqiadour favoured the
wards at Tours. His supjiosed discoveries national .school, and everything was arranged
in the theory of music do not seem to have to obtain success for Moudonville's opera,
MONETA
Titon et I'Auroro. He was director of the ber of an estabhshmcnt for i)niitiiig music.
Concerts Spirituels in 1755-fi2, ami had a Works 4 collections of Salmi concertiti :
pension from the Opi'ra in 1768. He was (Venice, 1G47 and 1(j50, ICfi!), and two in
very vain and avaricious, and pnbhshed 1G7G) ; Salmi brevi (ilj., 1075) Salmi a voce ;
most of the texts of his operas under his sola (ib., 1G77) ; Motetti (ib., Kio;"!, 1G5!),
own name, though they were really written 1G71) ; 3 collections of Motetti concertati
by the Abbe de Voisenon. Works Op- — (ib., IGGO, IGGO, and 1GG9) ; Motetti a voce
eras: Isbu, 1742 Le carnaval dii Parnasse,
; sola (ib., IGGG) ; Sacri concenti, ossia Mo-
1749 Titon et I'Aurore, 1753 Daphnis et
; ; tetti a voce sola (ib., 1675) ; Mis.sij> (ib.,
Alcimadure, in the langue d'oc, 1754 Les ; 1677) ; Antitone (ib., 1678) ; Motetti (ib.,
fetes de Paplios, Venus et Adonis, Bacchus 1G81).— F.'tis ; Jlendel ; Sehilling ; Gerber.
et Erigone (written for Mine de Pompa- MOXIUSZKO, ST.\NISLAW, bom at
dour's theatre at Versailles) ;Ubiel in the government of Minsk, Lithu-
Psyche, 17G2 ;
Thesee, 1765. Les projets de I'Amour, bal- ania, May 5, 1819, died in Warsaw, .June 4,
let, 1771Les Israelites au mout Oreb, ora-
; 1872. Dramatic composer, pupil of .\ugust
torio Les fui'eurs de Saiil, do.
; Les ; Freyer in Warsaw, and of Kungenhagen in
Titans, do. Motets Violin sonatas and con-
; ; Berlin in 1837-39 was for some time ;
certos Organ concertos Trios Pieces for

; ; ;
teacher and organist in Wilna ; became di-
harpsichord and violin. Fetis do.. Sup- — ; rector of opera in Warsaw in 1858, an<l was
plement, ii. 230 Mendel Schilling Cle-
; ; ; later appointed professor at the Conserv.a-
ment, Mus. ci'lebres, 8G Wasielewski, Die ; torium there. Works Operas The Lot- — :
VioHne, 24G. tery ; Ideal ; The New Don Quixote The ;
MONETA, GIUSEPPE, born in Florence Bohemians ; Betty ; Halka, Warsaw, 184G ;
in 1761, The llaft-Man Verbum nobile

died, probably there, after 1811. Jawnutz ; ; ;
Dramatic composer, in the service of the Rokitschaua The Countess The Haunted ; ;
Grand Duke of Tuscany, a position which Castle The Paria Beatji. Music for Ham- ; ;
he still held in 1811. Works— Operas II let lililJa, Goddess of Beauty, cantata : ; ;
capitano Tenaglia, given in Leghorn, 1784 ;

Niola, do. ; A Night in the .Ipeuuines, de-
La muta per amore, Alessandria, 1785 scriptive composition Madonna, hymn ; Tlie
Amor vuol gioventfi, Florence, 1786 ;
for solo, chorus, and orchestra Mass 4 ; ;
L' equivoco del nastro, ib., 17SG ; La poe- litanies ; ^lusic for Dziady Faust, lyric ;
tessa capriccio.sa, ib., 1790 ; I due tutori, poem ; Pianoforte pieces ; Songs. — A. Wa-
Rome, 1791 ; II eonte Policronio, Poggio, licki. Life of M. (in Polish, Warsaw, 1873)
1791 II trionfo di Gedeone, ib.,
;
1804. Fetis, Supplement, ii. 231 Biemann Men- ; ;
Cantata to words of Tasso La morte del del. ;
generaleHoche, symphony ;Notturni a voce MONK, EDWIN GEORGE, bom at i
sola; Collection "of Ariette.— FOtis do.. From e, Somerset, ;
Supplement, ii. 230 ;

Schilling. \
Dec. 13, 1819, still
MONFERllATO, Padre NADAL (Natale), I

living, 1889. Or-
born in the early part of the 17th century, j
Bath ganist, pupil in
died in Venice (?), April 23, 1685. Church of Henry and George
composer, pupil of Rovetta was cantor of Field, in London of ;
S. Marco, Venice, in 1639, second maestro Hullah and Henry

of
in 1647, and maestro di capjiella in 167G. Phillips, and later
He was also director at the Conservatorio G. A. Macfarreu.
de' Mendicant;, leader of music in the par- He was organist and Z
r, ^ u .
ish in which he lived, as well as instructor music-master at the College of St Colomba.

and mem- Ireland, in 1844 assisted in the formation
in the families of the aristocracy, . ;
]\rONK
of The University Motet and Mtidrigal So- number) Hymns Ancient and Modern,
;
sciety,Oxford, in 1847 was organist at the

; and (with others) Hymns for Church of
CoUege of St. Peter, Radley, in 1848 and ; Scotland. —
Grove Eiemann. ;
succeeded Dr. Camidge as choirmaster and ]M0N PETIT MAEI. See Postilion de
organist of York Cathedral in 1859. ]Mus. Lonjunieau.
Bac, Oxford, 1848 Mus. Doc, 185G.
; MONPOU, (ERANgOIS LOUIS) HIPPO-
Works Veni Creator Spiritus Anthems
: ; ;
LYTE, born in Paris, Jan. 12, 1S04, died in
Service. He edited The Anglican Chant Orleans, Aug. 10,Dramatic com-
1841.
Book The Anglican Choral Service Book
; ; poser, began as choir-boy Church of in the
Tlie Anglican Hymn Book, with Eev. E. Saint-Germain I'Auxerrois, Paris, and at
C. Singleton ; The Psalter and Canticles, the age of nine sang in Notre Dame. He
pointed for chanting, and Anglican Psalter entered Choron's school in 1817, and be-
Chants (with Sir F. A. G. Ouseley). He came organist of the Cathedral of Tours in
also wrote some libretti. Grove Eiemann. — ; 1819, but was found incapable, and returned
MONK, JAMES JONATH.VN, born at to Choron as accompagnateur or assistant
Boltou-le-Moors, England, Feb. 20, 184G, in the Institution Royale de Musique Eeli-
still living, 1889. Oi-ganist, vocal com- gieuse. He received instruction in harmony
jDoser, and writer on music. After having from Fetis, Porta, and Chelard, and played
held various organ appointments, he settled the oi'gan successively at the churches of
in Liverpool as teacher and local secretary Saint-Nicolas des Champs, Saint-Thomas
of Trinity College. He life d'Aquin, and
is the Sorboune.
honorary He wrote
member of Trinity and some very popular ballads and songs to
College, London,
musical critic for several papers in Liver- words by Alfred de Musset and Victor
pool. Works Te Deum for iârochial use Hugo, and became the composer of the ro-
: ;
Anthem Pianoforte music

; Part-songs mantic school of poets. In 1835 he took to
; ;
Songs. opera writing, and his premature death was

MONK, WILLIA:M HENEY, born in caused by overwork. His songs have many
London in 1823, died there, March 3, 1889. striking melodies, but are very crude in
Organist, pupil of Thomas Adams, G. A. form, and while his operas are full of mel-
Griesbach, and J. A. Hamilton. He was ody and dramatic feeling, the orchestral
organist at Eaton Chapel, Pimlico, St. part shows him to have been a veiy in-
George's Chapel, Albemarle Street, and comjDetent musician. Works Operas Les — :
Portman Chapel, St. Marylebone. In 1847 deux reines, 1835 Le luthier de Vieune, ;
he became director of music in King's Col- 183G Piquillo, 1837 Un conte d'autrefois,
; ;
lege, London, and in 1849 organist there Perugina, 1838 Le plauteur. La chaste Su-
; ;
was professor of music at the School for the zanne, 1839 La reine Jeanne, 1840 Lam- ; ;
Indigent Blind in 18-^1 appointed organist bert Simnel (finished by Adoli)he Adam),
;
of St. Matthias, Stoke Newington, in 1852 1843 L'orfevre, never performed. Ballads,
;
;
delivered lectures on music in London, romances, and songs. Fetis Clement, Mus. — ;
Edinburgh, and Manchester in 1850-54. ceK'bres, 501.

In 1874 he succeeded Hullah as professor MONSIGNY, PIEEEE ALEXANDEE,
of vocal music in King's College, in 187() born at Fauquembergues (Pas-de-Calais),
became professor in the National Training France, Oct. 17, 1729, died in Paris, Jan.
School for Music, and in 1878 in Bedford 14, 1817. Dramatic composer, of noble
College, London. Works Te Deums, Ky- birth received a good classical education,
: ;
ries, anthems, and other church music and took violin lessons while a boy. At his
Contributions to Modern Hymnals. He father's death, in 1749, he went to Paris, and
edited the Parish Choir (after the tenth obtained a clerkship in the Bureaux de la
MONSIGXY
Coiiiptubilitu da Clerpii'. Inflaenti:il proof the Opera Comique
in 1798 made up a
tectors were not wanting, and he soon was pui-se for him, which yielded him an annu-
made maitre ity of 2,400 francs. In 1800 he succeeded
d'hotel to the Due Piccinni (deceased) as inspector of instruc-
d'OrK-ans, with a tion at the Consei-vatoire but he resigned
;
large salary. in 1802,admitting that his musical knowl-

Hearing Pergo- edge was insufficient to enable him to till
lesis Serva pa- the post well. Li 1818 he succeeded Gre-
drona, he was iu- and in 18 IG received
try at the Institut,
sjiired with a desire =0^ the decoration of the Legion of Honour.
to write comic op- Monsigny's great merit was his mclmlic
eras himself. For power and the truth and warmth of his
five months he >t sentiment he bad also a keen sense of
;
took lessons in har- dramatic fitness. He was not wanting in a

mony of Gianotti (a double-bass player at certain natural sense of harmony, but his
the Opera), and this was all the theoretical musical knowledge was small, and he could
instruction he ever had. His first opera, do nothing except in the simplest forms.
Les aveux indiscrets, was brought out at But his genius was undeniable, and he was,
the Thi'i'itre de la all, not much worse a musician than
Foire Saint-Germain, in after
1759, with a good deal His Le the other \mters of opera-comique in his
of success.
cadi dupu (1761) so delighted the poet Se- day. His finest work is Le deserteur.
daine that he offered Monsigny to supply Works Operas Les aveux indiscrets, 1 — :
him with libretti in future, and the two act. Theatre de la Foire Saint-Germain,
worked together on several operas. Mon- Feb. 7, 1759 Le maitre en droit, 2 acts, ib., ;
sigiiy's success was such that the Comedie Feb. 13, 17G0 Le cadi dupe, 1 act, Opera ;
Italienne succeeded in having the Opera Comique de la Foire Saint-Limrent, Feb. 4,

Comique de la Foire Saint-Laurent closed 17G1 Ou ne s'avise jamais de tout, 1 act, ib.,
;
definitively, for fear that its growing reputa- Sept. 17, 1761 Le roi et le fermier, 3 acts, ;
tion might injure that of their own theatre, Comedie Italienne, Nov. 22, 1762 Rush et ;
and after 17G1 Monsigny wi-ote only for the Colas, 1 act, ib., March 8, 1764 Aline, reine ;
Comedie Italienne. His style underwent a de Golcoude, 3 acts, ib., April 15, 1766 L'llo ;
change for the better about this time, and sonnante, 3 acts, ib., Jan. 4, 1768 Le de- ;
his success went on steadily increasing serteur, 3 acts, ib., M;u-ch 6, 1769 Le fau- ;
until, after the triumph of his Felix, ou von, 1 act, ib., March 19, 1772 La MIe ;
I'enfant trouve, in 1777, he, for some in- Arscne, 4 acts, Fontainebleau, Nov. 6, 1773,
explicable reason, gave up writing music Paris, Comedie Italienne, Aug. 14, 1775 ;
altogether. It has been hinted that he Le reudez-vous bien employe, 1 act, Come-
feared a rivalry with Gretry, but he himself die Italienne, Feb. 10, 1774 Klix, ou I'en- ;
said that after 1777 he neverhad a musi- fant trouve, 3 acts, Fontainebleau, Nov. 10,
cal idea come into his head. His earlier and Paris, Comedie Italienne, Nov. 24,
operas were brought out anonymously, as 1777; Pagamin de Monigue, 1 act
(never
he deemed writing for the stage incom-

patible with the dignity of his jjositiou at
the house of the Due d'Ork'ans. He was
(i../^fe^^^2^
also for some time inspector-general of
canals, but the Revolution deprived him

and he would have been re- performed) Phili'iuou et Baucis, 1 act
of both offices,
;
scores of all but

duced to absolute want had not the societaires (never performed). The
WONTAGNV
the last two have been piiljlisheil
;it Paris. 5 voices (ib., 1561-88) 8 hooks of madri- ;
— Quatremere de Notice liistoriquc gals for 6 voices (ib., 1565-92) La tiam-

Quiiicj-, ;
sur la vie ct; les ouvrages de Mousigny metta (ib., 1598) Madrigali spirituali (ib., ;
(Paris, Firmin Didot, 1818) Hedouin, 1581) French songs (Antwerp, 1575) Son-
; ; ;
Eloge de Monsigiiy (Paris, 1820). netz de Pierre de Ronsard (Louvain, 1570)

JIONTAGNY, ALEXANDRE JOSEPH. Pieces in various collections. Fetis Rie- — ;
See AiiiJl. manu ; Mendel Hawkins, Hist., ii. 491

; ;
MONTAUBRY, JEAN BAPTISTE Schilling Gerber Ambros, Gesch., iii. 323.

; ;
EDOUARD, bom at Niort (Doux-Sovres), MONTECLAIR, MICHEL PIGNOLET

France, March 27, 1821, still living, 1889. DE, boru at Chaiiraont-en-Bassiguy (Haute-
Dramatic conijDoser, ijnjiil of Lis father, then Marne), France, in 1666, died in Paris iu
at the Paris Conservatoire of Habcneck. 1737. Dramatic and instrumental com-
He obtained an accessit for 1843, and when Ijoser, pupil, while chorister at the Cathe-
ver}'young succeeded Doche as chef d'or- dral of Langres, of Jeau Baptiste Moreau.
chestre at the Theatre du Vaudeville. About After having been connected with various
18G2 he and went on the churches iu the provinces of France, he be-
left this position,
stage as a tenor singer, but without suc- came maitre de musique to the Prince de
cess. —
Works Operas Freluchette, given Vaudemont, whom he accomjsanied to
:
in Paris, Folies Nouvelles, 1850 La jjer- Rome. Returning to Paris about 1700, he
;
rucjue de Cassandre, ib., 1857 L'agneau de joined the Opera orchestra as double-bass
;
Chloe, Theatre Lyrique, 1858 Vcndredi, player in 1707, and was pensioned in 1737.
;
Folies Nouvelles, 1859. Op)erettas Le nid Works Operas Lss fetes de I'ete, given
: — :
d'amours, Le rat de ville et le rat des iu Paris, Opera, 1716; Jcphte, ib., 1732.
champs, Les Nereides et les Cyclopes, The- Requiem Motets Cantatas for voice, with ; ;
atre du Vaudeville, before 1856. — Fetis, basso continuo ; 6 concertos for 2 flutes ; G
Suj)plement, ii. 233. concertos for flute and bass ; 4 collections
MONTE, PHILIPPE (Filippo)DE, of minuets 6 trios for strings Collection ; ;
_^_,^ called sometimes of brunettes for flute and violin. He pub-

I ^^ Philippe de Mons, lished Nouvelle methode pour apprendre
\
^^ born at Mons or la musique, etc. (Paris, 1709), and a method
lU /^ ^^*%fe ^^ Mechlin in for violin (Paris, 1720).—FOtis ; Mendel ;
V " B 1521, died iu Vi- Schilling.

e nna , July 4, MONTEVERDE, CLAUDIO, born iu
1G03. Famous Cremona, Italy, in 1568, died in Venice,
c o n t r a p u n t ist, 1643. When young he entered the service
was Kapellmeis- of Gonzaga, Duke of Mantua, as viola
'h
ter of Maximilian player studied counterjjoint under Marco ;
n. iu Vienna in Antonio Ingegueri, but never showed auy

15G8, and later of fondness for scholastic work of that sort,
Rudolph n. in Prague became canon and and the writings of the Florentine music-
;
treasurer of the Cathedral of Cambrai. reformers had more influence upon him
Works Masses for 5-8 voices (Antwerp,
: than his teacher's instruction. His first
1557) Benedicta es (ib., 1580)
; Mass, ;
book of Canzonette was published iu 1584.
Masses for 4-5 voices (ib., 1558) 5 books ; By about IGOO he was an ardent follower of
of motets for 5-6 voices (Ingolstadt, 1509- the new school, and, maddened by some se-
74) Motets for 5-6 voices (Venice, 1584)
; ;
vere criticisms from the conservative party,
2 books of motets for G and 12 voices (ib., even went to Rome to submit some eccle-
1585 and 1587) 19 books of madrigals for
; siastical compositions to Clement VIII. In
]\I()NTEZUMA
1G03 sucecede<l Ingejjneri as maestro di molo of stringed instniincnt.s.
lie
His greatest
cappella at the court of Mautua. In 1G07 pupil was Francesco Cavalli. Published
his first opera, Ari;iiina, written in emula-
works Canzonette a 3 voci (Venice, Ama- :
tion of Caccini and Peri's Euridice, was dino, 1584) do., lib. i. (ib., 15S7) do., lib. ; ;
brought out at the wedding of Francesco ii. (ib., 1593) do., lib. iii. (ib., 1594) do., ; ;
di Gonzaga, the duke's son, and Marghe- lib. iv. (ib, 1597) do., lib. v. (ib., 1599 and ;
rita. Infanta of Savoy, with unprecedented 1G04) Madrigali, lib. i.-v. (Antwerp, Pha-
;
success. After producing two more dra- lesius, 1G15) Oi-Jho, opera, Mantua, 1G()7 ;
matic works in JMantua, ho was invited to (ib., 1G09 and 1G15) Sclierzi a 3 voci (Ven- ;
Venice by the Procuratori of S. Marco, and ice, G. C. Monteverde, 1009) Madrigali a 5 ;
elected to succeed Giulio Cesare Marti- voci, lib. vi. (Venice, 1G14) ; do., lib. vii. (ib.,
neugo as maestro di cappella, Aug. 19, 161:5, 1019) ; do., lib. viii. (ib., 1G38) ; 3 voluniea
at a salary of three hvindred ducats, with of Church Music.
Unpublished: Arianua,
fifty ducats extra for travelling expenses. opera written for wedding of Francesco di
In 161G his salary was raised to five hun- Gonzaga and Margherita, Infanta of Savoy,
dred ducats. His time was chiefly employ- Mantua, 1G07 II hallo delle ingi-ate, myth- ;
ed in writing church music and in drilling ological spectacle, Mantu.a, 1G08 lieipiieni ;
the choir but in 1021: he wrote a dramatic for Cosimo II. de' Medici, Venice, May 25,
;
interlude, II combattimento di Tancredi e 1G21 II comhattimciitu di Tancredi o Clo-

;
Clorinda, for some festivities at the jialaco rinda, WTitten for Domenico iloeenigo, Ven-
of Girolamo Moceuigo. This led him back ice, 1024 5 dramatic intermezzi on episodes ;
to dramatic comjjositiou, which was the from the stories of Bradamante and of Dido,
real bent of his genius his popularity as a written for the court of Parma, Parma,
;
composer had become immense. In 1(133, 1027 II Rosajo fiorito, cantata for the birth-
;
however, he was admitted to the priesthood, day of Vito Morosiui, son of the governor of
and he appears to have written nothing Rovigo, Kovigo, 1029 rru.irrpiiic rapita, ;
moi'e of importance until 1G3!), when his opera, for wedding of Lorenzo Giustiniani
L' Adone was brought out with unbounded and Giustiniana Moceuigo, Venice, 1030 ;
success at the Teatro di San Cassiano. Mass for Thanksgiving service after the
From this year until 1012 he continued to Plague, Venice, Nov. 28, 1G31 L' A<h,u; ;
write operas with unvarying success. In opera, Venice, 1639 Le iiozzr di Enea cou ;
1G43 he died. He is buried in the Chiesa Lavinia, Venice, 1041 II rilurno d' Ulisso ;
dei Frari in a chapel on the

north of the choir. Monte-
verde was not only the first
'
'^(jUrr4^WA^'^
really great comjjoser of op-
era, but has been rightly es-
teemed the father of all mod-
ern music. He was the first to use the in patria, Venice, 1641 (MS. copy in Vienna
writ-
chord of the dominant 7th as a free dis- Library) Selva morale e spirituals
:
;
of Leo-
cord, thus preparing the way for the discov- ten 1G41 (MS. copy in collection
!
ery of the modern tonal system. In his pold I., Vienna Library)
,
L' iiicoroiiazione ;
first opera, Arianua, he adopted the stile di Poppea,

Venice, 1G42. Ambros, iv. 353. —
rappresentativo of Caccini and Peri, and af- MONTEZUJL\, romantic opem in three
Grant Glcnson.
terwards developed it further both in the acts, test music by Frederic
directions of periodic melody and of dra- in ÎS. Selections have been given,
matic recitative. He increased the orches- MONTFGUT, ALKXANDIJE, born in
tra, and was the first to employ the tre- Paris in 1803, died there, Feb. 13. ISoG.
MOiSTI
Pupil the Paris Conservatoire of Futis which entitle him to be ranked with the
ill
aud Bertou obtained the iirst prize for great composers of the Roman school. Ho
;
composition in 1830, and with a govern- wrote no secular

ment pension resided in Itome aud Naples music, composing
and travelled in Germany. Works La :
mainly for the Papal
cliatte mctamorpbosue en femme, ballet, Choir, which sang
1837 ; Polichinelle, opera, 1839 ; La jeu- several of his com-

uesse de Charles-Quint, do., 1841 ; Sainte- positions annually
Cocile, do., 1844: ; La cliarbonniC-re, do., for more tliau three
1845 ; L'ombre d' Argentine, do., 1853 ; Deu- centuries. His por-
calion et Pyrrha, do., 1855 ; Pianoforte trait iu Adam i ' a
pieces. — Fetis. Osservazioni per ben

MONTI, GAETANO, born at Fusignano, regolare il coro della
near Ferrara, about 1750, died in Naples Capp. Poutif. (Rome, Rossi, 1711) is copied
after 181G. He studied music in Naples, in Hawkins. Works Liber I. Missarum :
then lived successively in Milan aud Paris, quatuor vocum (Paris, Nicolas Duchemiu,
and in 1790 returned to Naples as maestro u. d. 2d ed.. Ley den, Jacques Moderne, ;
di cappella. In 1800 he resided in Rome, 1546) Magnificat octo touorum cum qua- ;
in 1809 in Milan, aud in 1816 settled in tuor vocibus, liber primus (Rome, 1541 ;
Naples. —
Works Operas La coutadiua : other eds., Venice, Gardane, 1542, 1547)
accorta, given in Dresden, 1782 Lo stu- ; Motetta3 4 vocum. Lib. I. and H. (Venice,
deute, Najjles, 1784 Le doune veudicate,
; 1543, 1546) ; Motetti a 5 voci (ib., 1543)
ib., 1784.—Fetis ; Schilling. Lib. II. Missarum cum quatuor
quinque et
MONZA, CARLO, born iu Milan in 1744, vocibus (Rome, 1544 Venice, 1544, 1563 ; ;
died there, August, 1801. Dramatic and Lyons, 1552) Lameutazioni a quattro, cin-
;
church composer, jûpil of Fioroui, under que e sei voci (Venice, Antonio Gardano,
whose guidance he became one of the most 1564) Missffi quatuor, cum quatuor voci-
;
learned musicians of Italj-. In the latter bus (ib., Alessaudro Gardano, 1580) Mo- ;
part of the 18th century he was maestro di tets aud masses in many collections pub-
cappella at the Cathedral of Milan, aud the lished in Italy Lamentabatur Jacob (MS.),
;
Teatro della Scala. Works Operas Te- — : sung in the Sistine Chapel on the fourth
mistocle, given in Milan, 1766 Nitteti, Ven- ; Sunday in Lent. Ambros, iii. —
ice, 1776 Cajo Mario, ib., 1777 Iflgenia iu
; ; MORALT, JOHANN BAPTIST, born in
Tauride, Milan, 1784 Erofile, Turin, 1780 ; ;
Mannheim iu 1777, died iu Munich, Oct. 7,
Masses ; Motets, and other church music 1825. He was the second of four brothers
6 quartets and 6 trios for strings 6 soua- who attained great celebrity in Munich for
;
tas for pianoforte and violin. —

Fctis Men- their playing of Haydn's quartets. ;
He
del. entered the court baud in 1792. Works 2 :
MORALES, CRISTOFANO symphonies Mass Symphonic coucertante

(Cristofero), ; ;
born in Seville, early part of 16th century, for two violins 2 striug quartets Le(;ou3 ; ;
died (?). Nothing is known of his life methodiques for violin, and other violin
except that he entered the Pa2ial Choir at music— Fctis Eiemann Schilling do., ; ; ;
Rome under Paul III. He was the greatest Supplement, 312 Mendel. ;
of the Spanish musicians iu Rome at the pe- MOREL, AUGUSTE FRAN(;OIS, bom
riod immediately preceding Palestrina. He in Marseilles, Nov. 26, 1809, still living,
was evidently well drilled in the Netherland- 1889 (?). Dramatic composer, self-taught,
ish school of counterpoint, but showed iu went to Paris iu 1836, and lived there as a
hia music a Spanish fire and spirituality composer and a writer of musical articles.
MOIIKTTI
In 1850 he returned to Marseilles, where he 'organist of St. Thomas's, 1854-55,
Grace
was director of the Conservatoire in 1852- Church, 1855-G8, St. Ann's (Roman Catho-
73, and in 1877 settled again in Paris. Le- lic), 18G8-G9, St. Stephen's (do.), 1809-70,
gion of Honour in 1800. He has excelled Tabernacle (Brooklyn), 1870-82, and the
chiefly in chamber music. Works Music Dutch Refoi-med Church (Madison Avenue :
to Autran's La fille d'Eschyle, Paris, 18i8 and Twenty-ninth Street), 1880-88. Works ;
Lotoile du marin, ballet, ib., 1850 Le ]\Iorning service, St. Paul's Cathedral, Lon- ;
jugemeut do Dieu, opera, Marseilles, 1800 don, 1842 Anthem for quartet, chorus, and ; ;
2 symphonies Trio for pianoforte and orchestra, London Sacred Harmonic So-
;
strings 5 string quartets

; Quintets Over- ciety, Dec. 22, 1851 Music for organ and
; ; ;
tures, cantatas, and other music GO songs. pianoforte Songs, ballads, etc., In all 97
; ;
— Ftitis, Supplement, ii. 238 ; Itiemann ;

compositions.
Mendel, Erganz., 288. MORGEN, DER (The Morning), cantata
MORETTI, GIOVANNI, Naples born in for male voices and orchestra, by Anton
in 1807, died at Ceglie, near Naples, Octo- Rubinstein, op. 74. Published by Senff
ber, 1884. Dramatic and church comjjoser, (Lcipsic, 18G8).
pufiil at the Naples Conservatorio of P. MORGENLICH LEUCHTEND IN RO-
Casella and G. Elia. He was maestro di SIGEM SCHEIN. See Meislcrmujer von
cappella at the Teatro di Sau Carlo in Na- Niiruberg.
ples, and in 1829-57 wrote 22 operas. MORGENLIED,
song for mixed chorus,
Works — Operas : II tenente e 11 colonello, with orchestra, by
Riiff, op. ISGa, on the
given at Pavia, 1830 ; La famiglia indiana, words " Sieh wie der Hahn orwacht." Pul>
II Naples, Teatro lished by Siegel (Leipsic, 1874-79).
prigioniero calabrieno,
Nuovo, 1831 L' ossesso immaginario, ib.,
; MORI, FRANK, born in England in
183G I due forzati, ib., 1842 L' Adelina, 1820, died at Chamant (Oise), France,
; ;
ib., 184G L' arrivo del nepote, ib., 1850

;
Aug. 2, 1873. Vocal composer, teacher ;
Requiem 12 masses Litanies, and other of singing, and member of the Vocal Asso-
; ;
—
church music. Mendel Riemann. ciation of the Music Society of London.
;
MORGAN, GEORGE WASH130URN, Works : The River Sprite, operetta, given

born in Gloucester, In London, Covent Garden, 1805 Fridolin, ;
England, April 9, cantata Songs

;
Vocal exercises. Fi'tis,
;
—
1822, still living, in Suppli'ment, ii. 241.
New York, 1889. MORLACCHI, FRANCESCO, bom in
Organist, articled Penigia, June 14, 1784, died at Innspruck,
pup 11 of John Oct. 28, 1841. Dramatic and church com-

Arnott, organist of poser, pupil of Caruso and Mazzetti in his
Gloucester Cathe- native town, of Zingarelli at Loreto, and of
dral, under whom Padre Mattel in Bologna. He became Ka-
he studied organ, pellmeister of the Italian opera in Dresden
pianoforte, instru- for a year in 1810, and was engaged for life
mentation, counterpoint, and composition in 1811. From time to time he visiteil ;
elected a member
assistant organist of Gloucester Cathedral in Italy, and in 181G he was
hundredth
1834-44, then organist of Christ Church, of the Academy at Florence. The
Gloucester, and St. James's Church, Chel- anniversary of his birth
was celebrated at
postponed from
tenham, and in 1848-53 of South Hackney Perugia on Nov. 10, 1884,
cholera. Works
Parish Church, St. Olave's, Southwark, and June 14 on account of the
of Harmonia Union, Exeter Hall. In 1853 —Operas II poeta spiantato, o il poeta in :
1807 II ritratto, os-

he removed to New York, where he was campagua, Florence, ;
M( )RLEY
sia la foi'za do 1' astrazione, Yerona, 1S07 ;

tet ; A Plaino and Easic Introduction to
Corradino, Parma, 1808 ; PariJe ed Euoue, Practicall Musicke (1597) ; 5 sets of les.sons
Leghorn, 1808 Orcste, Parma, 1808 Ri-
; ; for Queen Elizabeth's Virginal Book ; ]\Iad-
naldo d' Asti, ib., 1809 La princiiJessa per ; rigals in collections. He edited Canzonets
ripiego, H Simonciuo, Eome, 1809 Le av- ; or Little Short Songs to Foure Voyces, se-
venture di una gioruata, Milan, 1809 Le ; lected out of the best approved Italian
Danatdi, Rome, 1810 Raoul de Croqui, ; authors (1598) Madrigals to five voyces ;
Dresden, 1811 La capricciosa peutita, II

; selected out of the best ajjproved Italian
barbiere di Siviglia, ib., ISIG Boadicea, ; authors (1598) ; The Triumiihes of Oriana
Naples, 1818; Gianni di Parigi, Milan, (1601) ; The First Booke of Consort Les-
1818 Donna Aurora, ib., 1821 Tebaldo e
; ; sons (1599). — Barrett, English Church Com-
Isolina, Venice, 1822 La gioventil di En- ; jiosers, Hawkins, Hist., iii. 334 Bur-
49 ; ;
rico v., Dresden, 1823 Ilda d' Aveuello, ; ney. Hist., 99 Grove Riemann Fetis
iii. ; ; ; ;
Venice, 1824 II disperato jser eccesso di

; Gerber Ritter, Music in England, 38 Har-
; ;
buon euore, written in Dresden in 182G I ; monicon (1826), 209.

Saraceni iu Sicilia, Venice, 1828 II Colom- ; MORLEY, WILLIAM, English composer
bo, Genoa, 1828 II rinnegato, Dresden,
; of the 18tli century, died Oct. 29, 1731.
1832 Francesca da Rimini (unfinished)
; ;
He was graduated at Oxford in 1713 be- ;
Intro(biction to Lauriua alia corte. Many came Gentleman of Chapel Royal in 1715.
. cantatas on special oc- Works Songs Chant in D minor. Grove.
: ; —
y^j^-^'^.X^^^ casions. Oratorios : La MORNINGTON, GARRETT COLLEY
Passions; Isacco ; La WELLESLEY, Earl of, born at Dangan,
morte d' Abele. Ten masses Psalms Ves-
Ii'eland, July 19, 1735, died at Kensington,
; ;
pers ; 36 Italian songs May 22, 1781. He learned the violin, or-
Miserere ; Motets ; ;
; —
Organ sonatas Instrumental jjieces. Fotis gan, and compo.sition, with little assistance ;
do., Supplement, ii. 242 Riemaun Men- received the degree of IMus. Doc. and au
; ;
del Schilling do., Supjilemeut, 313 Athe- election to the faculty from the University
; ; ;
nreum (1884), ii. CC8. of Dublin. In 1758 he succeeded his father

MORLEY, THOMAS, born in England as Baron Mornington, and in 1760 he was
about middle of ICth century, died in 1G04. created Viscount Wellesley and Earl of
Pupil of Byrd, took his degree at O.xford in Mornington. Of his sons, Richard was
1588 was organist of St. Paul's, London, Marquis Wellesley Arthur, Duke of Wel-
; ;
in 1591 became Gentleman of the Chapel lington and Henry, Lord Cowley. Works
;
;
Eoj'al iu 1592, and later ej)istler and gos- Chant in E Glees and madrigals, composed ;
peller. "Works Canzonets, or Little Short by the Earl of Mornington, edited by Sir
:
Songs to three Voyces (1593, other eds., H. R. Bishop (Loudon, 1846). Of his glees
1606 and 1651) Madrigalls to foure Voyces many are well known, as Here in cool grot
; :
(1594, 2d ed., 1600) The First Booke of As it fell upon a day

; Beneath this rural ;
Ballets to five Voyces (1595, another ed., shade By greenwood tree Hail, hallowed ; ;
1600) The First Book of Canzonets to Two fane Gentlj' hear me, charming maid, etc.
;
;
Voyces (1595), containing also 7 Fantasies Grove Riemann Mendel, Ergiiuz., 289 ;
— ; ; ;
Canzonets, or Little Short Aers to five and Harmonicon (1830), 1.

sixe voices (1597) The First Booke of MORR(), MA PRIMA IN GRAZIA. See
;
Aires or Little Short Songes to sing and Ballo in Maschera.

play to the Lute with the Base-Viol (1600) MORS ET VITA (Death and Life), sacred ;
Service in D minor Evening Service in G trilogy in three parts with prologue, text in
;
minor Burial Service Preces 4 anthems Latin, from the Bible and Roman Catholic
; ; ;
Psalms and responses De in-ofundis Mo- liturgy, music by Gounod, first performed
; ;
MOllT
at the Birruingliani (Englaiul) Festival, Aug. Armida, 1778 Troja distrutta, with now
;
20, 1885,under the direction of Hans Eich- music, Milan, 1778 ; Alessandro nell' Indie,
ter. The solo singers were IMme Albani 1779 ; barone di Lago Nero, Florence,
II
(S.), Mme Patey (A.), Mr. Lloyd (T.), and 1780 ; Rome, 1782
Antigone, La fata ;
Mr. Sautley (li.). The words were ar- benefica, Varese, 1784 Semiramide, Milan, ;
ranged by the composer, who dedicated the 1785 L' infanta supposta, Modeua, 1785.
;
work to Pope Leo Xin. It is a sequel to The cantata, II giuramento ; 14 canzonets ;
the Redemplion, from which it differs in be- 18 Italian catches and glees for three voices ;
ing less fragmentary. The style is modern, G sextets. — Fetis Mendel Gerber ScLil-
; ; ;
there is little contrapuntal writing, and the ling.

Leitmotiv is frequently used. The har- MOSCA, GIUSEPPE, born in Naples in
monies are peculiar and often overstrained. 1772, died in Messina, Sept. 14, 1839.
Part I., Mors, begins with a Prologus, and Dramatic composer, pupil of Fenaroli at the
contains a setting of the Requiem Mass Conservatorio de Loreto in 1803-9 became
; ;
Part n.. Judicium, opens with two orches- accompanist at the Theatre Italieu in Paris ;
tral movements entitled Somnus Mortu- was maestro di cajipella at the theatre in
orum, and Tubso ad Ultimum Part III., Palermo in 1817-21
; resided in !Milan a ;
Vita, has for a motto, " Coelum novum nova short time, but returned to Sicily in 1823
terra." The work was first sung in Amer- as musical director of the theatre in Mes-
ica in St. Louis by the Choral Society, Oct.
sina. Works Operas Silvia e Nardone, — :
30, 1885; and by the Brooklyn Philhar- Rome, about 1791 Chi si contenta gode, ;
monic Society, Feb. 5, 188G. Published Naples La vedova scaltra, Rome II fol- ; ;
by Novello, Ewer & Co. (London, 1885). letto, Naples I matrimonii libei-i, Milan, ;
— Athenseum (1885), ii. 121, 281 Academy 1798 ; Ifigenia in Aulide, Venice, 1799 ;
(1885), ii. 12G Neue Zeitscbr. (188G), 509 L'apparenza inganna, ib., id. ;.\rnii<la, Flor-
; ;
Krehbiel, Review (1885-86), 130 ; Upton, ence, id.; Le gare fra Liinclla c Vclaficco ;
Standard Oratorios, lOG. La Gastalda, Venice ; U sediccnte tilosofo,

MORT D'ADAjM ft SON APOTHE- Mil.an, 1801 La Ginevra di Scozzia, I ciar- ;
OSE, LA, opera-bibliquo in three acts, text lataui, Tomiri regina d' Egitto, Turin Lji ;
by Guillard, music by Lesueur, first repre- fortunata combinazione, Milan, 1802 Chi ;
sented at the Acadi'mio Royale de Musique, vuol troppo veder, diventa cieco, ib.. 1803 ;
Paris, March 17, 1800, with elaborate mise II ritorno inaspettato, L' impostura, Paris ;
—
en scene. Clement et Larousse, -IGl: La- Con amore non si scherza, I pretendonti
;
jarte, ii. GS. delusi, Milan, 1811 Romikla, Parma I tre ; ;
MORTELL.\RI, JnCHELE, born in Pa- mariti, Rome R finto Stanislao, Venice ; ;
lermo in 1750, died Early entered the Amore ed armi, Naples Le bcstie in uomini,
(?).
;
Conservatorio de' Figliuoli Dispersi as pupil Milan, 1812 La diligenza, Naples La gaz- ; ;
of Muratori later went to Naples, and took zetta Carlotta ed Enrico

;
Don Gregorio ; ;
imbarazzo Avviso al publico, Milan,

lessons of Piccinui. At the age of twenty in ;
he produced his first opera, and about the 1814 ; II fanatico per I'Olanda, Bologna,
1814 disperato per ecces.so di buon
end of 1785 went to London, where ho ap- ; II
cuore, Naples, ISIG II Federico Sccondo,

pears to have settled permanently, since he ;
Palermo; La gioventh d'Enrico V., ib.;

isnotfoundagaininltaly, and his son was
Attila in Aquilea, ib.; Marcotondo, ossia
a London music teacher in 1809. Works II
—Operas: Troja distrutta, Rome, 1770 ; 1' impostore, ib.; K amore e 1 armi, Flor-
Didoue abbandonata, Naples, 1771; Le 1819 R tilosofo, Vicenza, 1819 L=i

{
ence, ; ;
astuzie amorose, Venice, 1775 Don Gual- sciocca per astuzia. Milan, 1.S21 E.nii-a, re-
;
;
terio in civetta, 177G Ezio, Milan, 1777

;
giua d' Egitto, ib., id. La dama locaudiei-a,
; |
;
G£9
:\[OSCIIELES
ib., 1822 La vedova

;
misteriosa, Turin, 1823 ;
which Thalberg and Liszt found it. In
La poetessa errante, Naples, 1823 ; L' abbate 181C Moscheles began his professional tinps
dell' Epoe, ib., 1826.— Fc'tis do., Supple-
; through Germany, exciting everywhere the
ment, ii. 244 Scbilling
; Larousse.
;
greatest admiration. In 1821 he went to
MOSCHELES, IGNAZ, bora in Prague, Paris, and next year to London. In 1824
May 30, 1794, died he gave Mendelssohn pianoforte lessons at
in Leipsic, March 10, Berlin, and in 1820, after marrying Char-
1870. The son of a lotte Embden at Hamburg, he returned
Jewish merchant, Lis again to London to settle there permanent-
musical instruction ly. In 1832 he was elected one of the di-
began Tinder obscure rectors of the Philharmonic Society, and in
musicians, name d 1845 succeeded Sir Henry Bishop (de-
Zahradka and Zozal- ceased) as its regular conductor. In 1840
sky, but in 1804 his he went to Leipsic, having accepted Men-
talent attracted the delssohn's offer of the post of first professor
notice of Dionys We-
ber, director of the Prague Conservatoiy,
who brought him up on the ijianoforte works
of Bach, Handel, and, more especially, of
Mozart and Clementi. His progress both on
the pianoforte and in composition was so as-
tonishing that in 1808 he played a concerto
of his own in public. In 180G, on his fa-
ther's death, he was sent to Vienna to seek
his own livelihood as pianist and teacher,
and also to study counterpoint under Al-
brechtsberger, and comjjositiou under Sa-
lieri. Here he soon became a favourite in
the best musical circles, and in 1814 he
was commissioned by Artaria to prepare
the pianoforte score of Beethoven's Fidelio,
under the comjioser's His
supervision.
warm intimacy with which
Beethoven,
lasted until the latter's death, dates from
about this period. At this time also sprang
up an eager, but wholly fiieudly rivalry be-
tween him and Meyerbeer, who was mak- I
ing a considerable stir in Vienna as a pian-
-^
ist. Moscheles soon struck out into new
paths, and became virtually the founder of Tomb of Moscheles Le psic
a new school of pianoforte playing, less by

the brilliancy of his execution and the new of the pianoforte at the Conservatoriuni,
by the world-wide renown of which was in no
technical difiBculties he conquered than
the variety of qualities of tone he drew small degree owing to him. He remained
from the instrument by previously un- in Leipsic the rest of his days. As a com-
known modifications of touch. It was he poser Moscheles ranks among the first
more than anyone else who brought the ai't after the great geniuses. His concerto in
of pianoforte playing to the condition in G minor, op. GO ; the concerto pathOtique,
MOSCIIELES
op. 93 ; the Horaraage Hjipndel, foi- two viola, 'cello, and double-bass, op. 42 C !rand
:"i
;
pianofortes, op. 92, tUe

CliarakteristiscLe rondeau brillant, for do., op. 43 Fantasic, ;
Studieu, op. 95, and, above all, the world- Variationen uud Finale Uber das l}<>huiische
famous 24 £tudes, ranked Volkslied " To gsau Koue," for pianoforte,
op. 70, are
among the undoubted classics of the piano- violin, clarinet and
'cello, op. 46 lutro- ;
forte. As a pianist he was especially noted duction et variations concertautes, for piano-
for his improvisations, and for the exactness forte, violin, and 'cello, op. 17 Grand trio, ;
with which he adapted his stylo of perfoiTU- for do., op. 84 Grande souatc eoucertautc, ;
ance to the music he was playing. To hear for pianoforte and flute, op. 44 Sonate ;
him play in turn Bach, Mozart, and Beet- coucertante, for do. (or violin), op. 79 ;
hoven Avas like hearing three distinct pi- Other works for pianoforte and violin (or
anists. This adaptive side of his talent flute), op. 21, 36, 37, 59, 78, 82 C. For pi- ;
showed itself also iu composition few men anoforte and horn, op. 63, 138 For piano-
; ;
have had such a faculty of imitating the forte and guitar, op. 20 Sonata for piano- ;
styles of other writers. There seems, how- forte and 'cello, op. 121 Duo concertaut ;
ever, to have been a curious defect in his for do. (or bassoon), op. 34 Melodisch- ;
rhythmic sense he never could ; two contrapunktische Studien, 10 preludes from

i)lay
simultaneous incommensurable rhythms J. S. Bach's Wohltemperirtea Clavier, with
with any degree of independence. 'cello obligato, op. 137.
Works — I. Orchestral : Symphony No. 1, IV. For pianoforte : Sonatina, op. 4 ; So-
in C, ojx 81 (Leipsic, Kistner) ; Overture to natas, op. 22, 27 (cai-actcristique), 41, 49
Jeanne d'Ai-c, op. 91 (ib.). (mi'lancholiqne) Studies, op. 70, 95, 107, ;
n. Concertos, etc., with orchestra Con- 111, 12G Variations (mostly on operatic : ;
cert de socictc, for pianoforte and small themes), op. 1, 2, 5-7, 15, 23, 29, 39, 50, I
orchestra, op. 45 Concerto No. 2, in E- 128, 139 ; Jlisccllaneous, in various forms,

; j
flat, for pianoforte and orchestra, op. 56 ; [

op. 3, 8, 9, 11-14, 18, 19, 24-2G, 28, 38, 40,
Concerto No. 3, iu G minoi-, for do., op. 60 51-55, 57, 58, 61, 62, 65-68, 71-74, 82a,
Concerto No. 4, for do., op. 64 ; Concerto 85-87a, 89, 94, 98-101, 103-106, lOK-110,
No. for do., op. 87
5, in C, Concerto fan- 113, 118, 120, 122-124, 127, 129, 133-135,
;
tastique. No. 6, for do., op. 90 Concerto 141, 142, and 27 without ojjus number. ;
pathctique, No. 7, for do., op. 93 Concerto ;
pastoral, No. 8, for do. op. 96 La marche , ;
d'Alexaudre, vai-ie, for do., op. 32 Souve- ;

cy-,^^.
nirs dlrlande, gi-ande fantaisie for do., op.
69 Ankliinge aus Schottland, Fantasie for
;
^
do. op. 75 sur des airs des

; Fantaisie
bardes ecossais, for do., op. 80 Souvenirs For do., 4
hands Grande sonate, in E-flat,
; \
:
de Danemark, fantaisie for do., op. 83;|op. 47

Grande sonate symphonique No. ;
FranzOsisches Rondo for pianoforte and 2, op. 112

Other works, op. 10, 30, 31, 33. ,
;
102, 130, 140; Duo concort.u.t on the

violin concertanti, with small orchestra, op. 76,
^y march from Preciosa (with Mcudelssobu), 1
2 pianofortes, op. 87b; Ilommoge

a
for
m. For pianoforte with other insti-u-
Lea conlrê.,
1
ments: Grand septuor, pianoforte, vio-'a^ndel, for do., op 92

for ;
for do., 8 hamls, °P-

lin, viola, clai-inet, horn, 'cello, and double-
Op. 16, ^^J-
_ „_
HC „„ ,,.
l^- ,"»' l.^".
ba;s, op. 88 Grand V. Songs
sextuor, for pianoforte, :
97.
Lebcn
35; 131, 132, 136. -Aus Jlosche
;
es
violin, flute, 2 horns, and 'cello, op.
Duncker & Humblot. 1873)
Grandes variations sur une melodic natio-: (Leipsic,
Mendel.
ualeautrichieuue, for pianoforte, 2 violins. Grove ;
S91
MOSCUTZZA
MOSCUZZA, VINCENZO, bora .it Syra- Lucignano, a general ; Agia, Orosniane's
cuse, April, 1827, still Dra- love
living, Costanza, wife of Lucignano
1889. and ; ;
matic conqjoser, studied counterpoint and Ismeno, minister. It was given in French
composition in his native town, later in as Moise en Egypte, the libretto revised by
Naples. Works— Operas Stradella, given Etienne Jouy and Balocchi, and the music
:
in Naples, San Carlo, 1850 Eufeniia, ib.

; rearranged by Rossini, at the Academie
;
Don Carlos, ib., 18G2 ; Piccarda Donati, Royale de Musique, Paris, March 2G, 1827.
Florence, Teatro della Pergola, 18G3 Gon- The work was performed as an oratorio,
;
zales Davila, Syracuse, 18(39 Quattro nis- " The Israelites in Egypt or. The Passage
; ;
tici, Florence, Politeama, 1875 Francesca of the Red Sea," with additions from Han-
;
da Kimiui, Malta, 1877. He is said to have del's hrael in Egypt, and with scenery, at
written fourteen other operas, uot yet given. Covent Garden, London, Feb. 15, 1833.
— Fetis, Supplement, ii. 245. It was first sung in New York in March,
MOSE seria in three 1835, and by the Handel and Haydn So-
IN EGITTO, opera
acts, testby Tottola, music by Rossini, ciety, Boston, in 1845. Rossini's later version
first represented at the San Carlo, Naples, was first represented in New York, May 7,
March 5, 1818. Original cast 1800, with Patti, Brignoli, Susini, and Ferri
in the cast. The work was given at the
Mose (B.) Signor Benedctti.
Royal Italian Opera, Covent Garden, Lon-
Faraone (B.) Signor Porto.
don, April 20, 1850, as Zora, with Tamber-
Osiride (T.) Signor Nozzari.
lik,Tamburiui, Soldi, Zelger, Mme Castel-
Elcia (S.) Mile Golbran.
lan, and Mile Vera. The Sacred Harmonic
The work pictures the sorrows of the Israel- Society sang it at Exeter Hall, London,
ites, their apjjeal to Moses, the plague of May 24, 1878, with great success, in an
darkness, the exodus of the Hebrews, the English version by Arthur Matthison. Pub-
pursuit by Pharaoh, and the passage of tlie lished by Troupenas (Paris) by Breitkopf ;
Ked Sea. Owing to imperfect stage ma- & Hiirtel (Leipsie, 1823) and by Schott ;
chinery this last scene was received with (Mainz, 1829). Oratorios on the same sub-
derision, until Rossini added the fine prayer, ject Mose liberato da
by Gasparini,: Nilo,
"Dal tuo stellate soglio," sung by Moses Vienna, 1703 and by ib., March ; Porsile,
and the Israelites on the banks. This num- 1, 1725 Mose preservato, by Francesco ;
ber, which is often heard in concerts, was Conti, ib., 1720 Mose riconosciuto, by ;
sung by the pupils of the Paris Conserva- Schuster, Dresden, 1786 Mose in Egitto, ;
toire at Rossini's funeral, Nov. 21, 1868, by Lsoi)old Kozeluch, Vienna, 1790 ;
and was played on the violin by Sivori with Moses, by Stegmann, about 1800 by Ig- ;
great efifect at the services held in mem- naz von Seyfried, about 1800 Mose uell' ;
ory of Rossini in Florence. Another note- Egitto, text by Leopold Villati, music by
worthy number is the scene between the Ignazio Conti, Vienna, March 22, 1829;
lovers Elcia and Osiride, " Pai'lar spiegar." Moses Eri'ettuug, by Lindpaintner, about
The work was sung as an oratorio at the Ita- 1830 Moses, by Franz Lachner, text by ;
liens, Paris, Oct. 22, 1822, and in the same Bauernfeld, about 1835 Moses, by A. ;
year at Covent Garden, Loudon, under the B. Marx, Breslau, December, 1841 by Aloys ;
direction of Bochsa. It was given at the Sohmitt, text by Kilzer, Frankfort-on-the

King's Theatre, Loudon, April 23, 1822, Main, April, 1844 and by Berlijn, Magde- ;
as Pietro 1' Eremita, with the characters burg, 1844. Operas Moses, by Franz :
changed to Noureddin, Sultan of Egj-pt Xaver Siissmayer, Vienna, 1792 by Tuezek, ;
Fatima, his wife Orosmaue, his son Pie- ib., 1804 by Uber on Klingemann's drama,
; ; ;
tro r Eremita, leader of the Crusaders Cassel, 1812 Mozes op den Nijl, by Emil
; ;
MOSEL
Wumbach, Aiitweiii,
and sacred 1881
MOSES AND THE CHILDREN OF LS-
;
opera in eight scenes, text by -Mosentlial,

RAEL, double chorus in C major, the " In-
mu.sic by Rubinstein, op. 112 (1887).—
Ed- troitus" of Part H. of Handel's
wards, Kossini, 190, 301 ; do., Hist. Oisera,
hmd in
Egypt, leading up to the double
chorus,
ii. 1()3 Escudier, Rossini, 48, Oo, 19.3 Vie " I will sing
;
unto the Lord," which recura ;
de Ro.ssini par uu dilettante, 15.5 Clement again,

with some variation, at the close
;
of
et Larousse, 459 Lajarte, ii. 125 Hans- the oratorio.
; ;
lick, Moderne Oper, 114 Seven ; Eber.s, MOSONYI (MCH^ÊL BRAND), called,
Years of the King's Theatre, 157 Jullien, born at Boldog-Aszoiiy,
;
Hungary, Sei)t. 4,
Goethe et la nnisique, 33 Haruionicon ; 1814, died in Pesth, Oct. 31," 18'70.
Dra-
(1825), 82, 90, 112 Allgem. mus. Zeitg., ; matic and national conipo.ser ; at the
age
sxv. 777 Neue Zeitg., xsxix. 4 Revue
;
; of twenty ho went to Presburg, was influ-
musicale, i. 181, 300; AtheniBum (1850), enced by Turanyi, and remained seven years
458 ; (1878), i. 708 ; Signale (1887), 929. in the service of Count Pejachevifs as pi-
MOSEL, IGN.\Z FRANZ, Edler VON, anoforte teacher. About 1842 he settled
in
boru in Vienna, April Pesth, and soon became known in musical
1, 1772, died there, circles. Liszt wished to perform his Ger-
April 8, Dra-1844. man opera Maximilian in Weimar, but sug-
matic comp)oser and gested some changes, which so discouraged
writer ou music, 2)u- the composer that he threw his score
pil of Joseph Fischer into the fire. His first compositions wei-e
studied also fine arts, classical in style and appeared under his
and entered the gov- real name of Brand later he became a diam-
;
ernment service. He pion of the Himgarian national music and

conducted the first took the 2)scudonyin of Mosonj-i, which is
festivals of the Ge- simply the translation of his name into
sellschaft derMusikfreundein 1812-16, and Magyar. With Abranyi he published a
was ennobled and appointed Hofratli. He journal of Hungarian music. Liszt consid-
acted as vice-director of both court theati-es ered him the noblest rei^resentative of Hun-
in 1820-29, and was first custodian of the garian music, and Wagner j'raised some of
Imperial Library from 1829 until his death. his compositions. Works Szep Bonka,
:
Works Cyrus und Astyages, opera, 1818 Hungarian opera, Pesth, 18G1 Almos, do.
:
; ;
Die Feueri^robe, Singspiel, 1811; Der Maun (not performed) Hungarian mu.sic Can- ; ;
von vierzig Jahren (Kotzebue), do. Salem, tata Symphony Symphonic woik iu mem- ; ; ;
lyric tragedy, 1813 Hermes und Flora, ory of Count Szechenyi

; Triumph and ;
cantata, 1812 Hygaea, do., 1814 Missa ^Mourning of the Honved, symphonic poem
; ; ;
solennis Overtures and entr'actes

; Dances Overture with the nationsd air Szozat ; ;
and songs and many writings, the most Church music

; Studies for the improve- ;
iujportaut being, Versucb einer Aesthctik ment of national Hungarian music, for pi-
des dramatischen Tonsatzes (Vienna, 1813) anoforte Song.s. Wurzbach Fetis, Suj)- ; — ;
Ueber das Leben und die Werke des An- plemcnt, LL 247 Mendel, Ergiinz., 290 ; ;
tonio Salieri (ib., 1827) Ueber die Origi- Riemann. ;
nal-Partitur des Requiems von W. A. JIo- MOST BEAUTIFUL APPEAR See //.
zart (ib., 1829) ; Geschichte der Hofbiblio- holder .\umuth.
thek (ib., Die Toukunst in Wieu
1835) ;
MOSZKOWSKI. JIORITZ, bora at Bres-
widirend der letzten fiinf Dezennieu (ib., lau, Aug. 23, 1854, still living, 1889. Pi-
1808, revised, 1840).— Wurzbach Fctis N. anist, first instructed in his native city,
; ;
Necrol. der D. (1844), i. 350 Schilliug. then at the Couservatorium iu Dresden,

;
MOTO
Berlin pupil at, Stern's Conserva-
finally in and instrumental composer. He studied
torium aud Kullak's Akademie, at which he music iu Amsterdam, then went to Paris,
taught for several joined the orchestra of the Comedie Ita-
years. In 1873 he gave lienne as violinist iu 1774, and was pen-
his first concert in sioned iu 1809. Works Operas Les — :
Berlin, and has since nyraphes de Diane, given iu Paris, Theatre

repeatedly appeared de la Foire, 1753 ; La servante justifioe,
there, and in Paris, Foutainebleau, Court Theatre, 1773. Sym-
Warsaw, aud other phony for grand orchestra 6 quartets for ;
—
cities, winning con- striugs. Fetis do.. Supplement, ii. 249. ;
siderable reputation. MOULINGHEM, LOUIS CHMILES,

Jeanne d'Ai'c, born at Haarlem iu 1753, died probably iu
Works :
7^ symphonic poem Suite Paris. Violinist and dramatic composer,

;
for orchestra Concerto for pianoforte do. brother of Jean Baptiste. ;

He was in-
for violin 2 Conzertstiicke for violin and structed iu Amsterdam, then weut to Brus-
;
pianoforte Spanish dances, for pianoforte

;
sels, to enter the orchestra of Prince Charles
;
^ . ^^^^^-^^yh.
of Lorraine, left this
chef d'orchestre successively of several
vincial opera companies, and in 1785
position to become
p)ro-
set-
Couzei't-Walzer, for do. ; Other pianoforte tled in Pari.s, to teach music. Works
music, aud songs. — Eiemann ; Fctis, Suji- Oi:)eras : Les talents a la mode, given on
jslement, ii. 249. the provincial stages of France, about 1785 ;
MOTO PEEPETUO. See Terpelmim Les ruses de I'amour, ib., 1790 Le mari ;
mobile. sylp)he, ib., 1790 Les amants rivaux, Les ;
MOTTL, FELIX, boru iu Vienna, in deux coutrats, ib., 1790 Le mariage mal- ;
1856, still living, heureux, ib., 1795 Le vieillard amoureux, ;
1889. Dramatic com- ib., 1810 Horiphcme Sylvaiu (with Le- ; ;
poser, pupil of Josef grand and Davesne). Fetis do., Supple- — ;
Hellmesberger, the ment, ii. 249.

elder, at the Conser- MOUNTAIN SYLPH, THE. romantic
vatorium, where he ballet oiêra in two acts, text by J. T.
won several prizes. Thackeray, luusio by John Barnett, repre-
Called to conduct the sented at the English Ojiera House (Ly-
academic Wagner- ceum), London, Aug. 25, 1834. From this
Verein in Vienna, he work, says Professor Macfarren, dates the
at once manifested establishment of an English dramatic school.
his eminent fitness as Grove, i. 141. —
an orchestra conductor, and in 1876 was one MOUNT OF OLIVES, THE. See Chriz-
of the most active members of the so-called lus am Oelberge.
Nibelungen-Kanzlei, entrusted with the re- MOURET, JEAN JOSEPH, born at
hearsals for the Festspiele at Bayreuth. In Avignon in 1682, died in Paris, Dec. 22,
1881 he succeeded Dessoff as Hof-Kapell- 1738. Dramatic and instrumental com-
meister at Carlsruhe. His opera Agnes poser studied music in Paris, and soon ;
Beruauer was given successfully at Weimar, after 1707 was made maiti-e de chapelle to
1880.— Mus. Wochenblatt (1886), 372. the Duchesse de Maine, later musician to
MOULINGHEM, JEAN BAPTISTE, the king, director of the Concerts Spirituels,
born at Haarlem, in 1751, died, probably in and composer at the Comc'die Italienne. In
Paris, after 1809. Violinist, aud dramatic 1836 he suddenly lost these aj)pointments.
MOUPJR
became insane and was taken to the asylum Neue
Zeitschr., xxvi. 207- .Ulcem runs.
I
o CLarenton. TV orks-Operas LesfC-tes de Zeitg.,

xlviii. 48,
:
20C. 019 Revue et Gazette ;
Tbahe, given in Pans, Opera, 1714 Ariane, musicale
de Paris (1857) 225 ;
lb., 1717 PiritboUs, ib., 1723 Les amours

; MOUTON, JE.VN (Joannes Mottonus)
;
des Dieux, lb., 1<27 Lc tnomphe des sens, bom in

; the Dq,artemeut do la Somme
lb., 1732 Les graces, ib., 1735 Ragonde, France, about
;
1475, died at Saint-Quentin'
;
ou la some de village, ib., 1742. Music to Oct. 30, 1522.

He studied counterpoiui
about fifty comedies, farces, vaudevilles, under Josquiu
Despres was successively ;
etc., given at the Comcdie Italieuue Mu- in the sen-ice of Louis XH and Franrois
; 1
sic to several plays, given at the Comedie I.

afterwards canon of Tht'rouanne and, ;
Franâise Divertissement and 2 intermedes probably from

;
1513, canon of the collegiate
for the private theatre of the Duchesse de church at
Saint-Quentin, where he lies bur-
Maine Cantatas and divertissements for ied. He was one of the
;
most noted com-
the Concerts Spirituels Motets Sonatas for posers of his day
; ;
a worthy follower of the
2 violins or flutes. — Fc-tis ; do., SupplL-ment, great Josquiu.
;
ii. 249 ; Mendel. Published works— Motets : Motetti, col-

MOLTEIR POUR L.\.PATRIE, refrain of lect. (Venice, Andreas de Antiquis, 1521)
the song "Roland :i Roncevaus," by Rouget (In illo tempore Maria Magdalena Per ;
de Lisle, written in 1792. It was inserted lignum salvi facti sumus Felix
namquo ;
into the drama, "Le chevalier de maison estwgo Factum est silentium
Qu.-eramus ; ;
rouge," by Alexandre Dumas and Auguste cum pastoribus Tua est potentia Salus ; ;
Maquet, first represented at the Theatre unica lapsis Jocundare Jerusalem Sancte ; ;
Historique, Paris, Aug. 3, 1847. The mu- Sebastiane, ora j^ro nobis) ; Petrucci, Mot.
sic was adapted by M. A. Varney, chef d'or- della corona. Lib. L (Gaudo Barbai-a be-
chestre of the theatre. It received the ata ; Nos qui vivimus ; Laudato Deum in
name of " Chant des Girondiiis," and was Sanctis Ecce Maria genuit nobis
; Beata ;
accepted at once as a national air. Two Dei genitrix Christum regem regum ; ;
anonymous verses were added in 1848, in Benedicta est cu'lorum rcgina ; Ccclesto
which year this song was sung as a sort of beneficium) ; lb., Lib. II. (Illuminare Jeru-
Marseillaise. — Larousse, iv. 54. salem ; Factum est silentium ; Homo quidani
]MOURN THOU, POOR HEART. See fecit Maria Virgo semper Letare
ccenam ;
;
Oberon. Non nobis. Domino Noe, Noe, psallite) ;
MOURN, YE AFFLICTED CHILDREN, lb., Lib. HI. (Quis dabit oculis uostris
opening choms iu C minor, in Haudels Quam pulchra es, attributed to Josquin, but
Judas Maccabseus. almost surely by Mouton) ; Petrucci, Mot.,
MOUSQUETAHIES DE LA REINE, Lib. TV. (0 ilaria virgo pia ; O quam fulges
LES (The Queen's Musketeers), opera-coin fetheris) ; Novum et insig. op. musicuin
mique in three acts, text by Saint-Georges, (In illo tempore accesseruut) Lib. cant, ;
music by Halev}-, first represented at the select, q. v. Mutetus vocant (Missus est An-
Opera Comique," Paris, Feb. 3, 1846. It gelus Gabriel) Cant, select, ultra Cent.. ;
was received with gi-eat applause, and Nesciens mater, also Glarean, pp. 4G(j-4G7 ;
is one of Halevy's best operas-comiques. Ulhardt, Concent. 8 etc. voc, Surgens Jesu
Plot original ; scene in Poitiers iu the amortuis. Petrejus, Psiilmi — Pt, I. Psjilms:
reign of Louis XIH. It was revived at the Domiue Deus noster ; .Alleluia, confiteniini.
Opera Comique, Paris, July 10, 1857. Miserere mei Pt. H. Iu exilu Isi-ael. ;
PubHshed in French and German, transla- Moutauus & Neuber Evaugelia dominie, et —
tion by J. C. Griinbaum, by Schlesingcr festar. dierum, 4 motets, Miguum opus,
(Berlin, 1847). —
Clement et Larousse, 4G7 coutiuens, etc. Quia Jabit oculis Eliaa- ;
: ;
MOZAllT
betli Zacliaripe ;
Qaporamus them through almost all European coun-
Diilccs exuviro ;
cum pastoiibus ;
Maria tries, lived a few years in Italy, and returned
Alleluia ; Noli flere ;
In illo temijore accesseruut ad Jesum Pbari- to Salzburg, to leave it no more. AVorks :
SEei (4 voc.) —
Per lignum Tua est potentia 12 oratorios Many symphonies, 18 of which
; ; ;
Missus est Gabriel (5 voc.) —

Salva nos, have been published Oflertorium de Sa- ;
Doinine, vigilantes (G voc). Pierre Attai- cramento, for 4 voices, with organ, horn, and
guaot, Coll. Mot. Gaude, virgo Catbariua
: strings Missa brevis, do. Litani;c breves, ; ; ;
Glorios. i^rincipes Jeri. Jacob. Moderuus, do.

;
Litauia de venerabili Concertos for ; ;
—
Mottet, Lib. I. (Lyous, 1.532). Pater pec- wind instruments La cantatrice ed il poeta, ;
cavi. Glarean, diristus resurgeu.s (wrongly intermezzo Musikalische Schlitteufahrt, ;
att. to Ricbafort). Pieri'e Attaiguaut, 7 bks. divertissement Music for pantomimes 30 ; ;
masses, Missa d'Allemagne ; Tua est poten- grandes sere- ^^c

tia. Andreas de Antiquis, Lib. 1.5 missarum nades, for several TyL^^^fc^t^^
(Rome, 151G), Alma redeniptoria Dites moi ; instruments;
toutes vos pensees. Jacob. Modernus, Lib. Military music
10 Missarum, Quern dicunt homines. Pe- Trios for strings Music for organ
; ; sonatas
trueci, 5 masses by Moutou (Venice, 1508, and many other pieces for pianoforte ; Me-
and Fossombroue, complete copy in British thod for violin. The operas attributed to
Museum, 1515) Sine nomine Alleluja
: ; ; him, were composed by his sou. Fetis — ;
Alma redemjitoris Alia sine nomine Re- Gerber; ; ; Mendel ; Riemann ; Schilling ;
gina mearum. Wurzljach.

Unpublished works Motets, Noli flere : MOZART, WOLFGANG AMADEUS,
Maria Ave fuit prima salus Accesserunt
; ; born at ' Salzburg,
ad Jesum Laudate Puer natus Illumi-
; ; ; ^^f^^"^ Jan. 27, 17*50, died
nare Jerusalem Egregie Christi martyr.,
; \ there, Dec. 5, 1791.
in MSS., defect., Vienna Library. 22 mo- He was christened
tets in MS. score in British Museum same ; Joannes Chrysosto-
collection printed by Le Roy, 1555. mus "Wolfgangus
Masses, De Sancta Trinitate (Ambraser Theophilus his fa- ;
Sammlung). Sine cadentia, in Cambrai ther used to trans-

Librarv. —
Ambros, iii. 278 Fetis Grove. ; ;
late Theoiihilus by
MOZART, (JOHANN GEORG) LEO- Gottlieb. Mozart,
POLD, born at in signing earlier
Augsburg, Nov. 14, added his confirmation name, Sigis-
letters,
1719, died at Salz- mundus. His first works, and those pub-
burg, May 28, 1787. lished in Paris in 1704, were signed J.
and church
Violinist, G. Wolfgang, and afterwards Wolfgang
composer studied ; Amade in private life he was always Wolf-
;
music as chorister gang. He was one of the most astounding

in the convents of instances of musical precocity, his musical
his native town, and education, which he owed almost entirely
Later at Salzburg, to his father, beginning with iîanoforte
while taking a course of law at the university lessons at the age of three. He soon be-
joined the orchestra of the Prince Bishop gan to compose, and to receive instruction
as violinist and court musician in 17i3, and on the violin. From 1762 to 1769 he and
was appointed Vizekapellmeister in 1763. his sister Marianne led the life of child
After completing the musical education of prodigies, only it is to be noted that Wolf-
his children, he made concert tours with gang was known almost from the begin-
-vX>
MOZAUT
MOZART
iiing quite as much as a composer as a pi- him his Conzertmeister, but without salary.
anist. Their first professional tour with He was now thirteen, and his j)eriod of
their father (Janu- child-wonderhood may be
considered as
ary, 17G2, to Jauu- over he was alreadj' recognized as a com-
;
arj-, 17G3) was to poser. In December, 1769, he set out with

]Muuich, Linz, Vien- his father on his famous trip, or, rather, his
Prcsburg. triumphal progress, through Italy. This
na, and
second (June was through Innsbruck, Rovei'edo, Verona,
The
9, 17G3, to Novem- Mantua Milan, where he met Piccinui and
;
ber, 17GG) included Giambattista Sammartiui (with the latter

Munich, Augsburg, of whom he did some work in counter-
Schwetzingen, point) Parma, Bologna (where he met ;
Mainz, Frankfort-on-the-Main, Coblentz, Farinelli and Padre Martini, with whom

Aix-la-Chapelle, Brussels, Paris, Loudon, he worked at fugue), Florence (March 30,
Canterbury, Bourne, back through The 1770, where he met the Marquis de Ligni-
Hague, Amsterdam, Ghent, Haarlem, ville and Thomas Linley) Rome to Naples ;
]\Iechlin, Paris, Lyons, Geneva, Lausanne, (May 8, where he met Jommelli) back again ;
Berne, Ziirich, Schafifhausen, Donauesching- through Eome (June 25, where the Pope
eu, and Biberach. The success of the conferred upon him the order of the Gol-
children was universal ; iu every capital den Spur, " the same as Gluck's "), Bologna
they visited they played repeatedly at (July 20, where he was made compositore
court, and at many of the concerts the pro- to the Accademia Filarmonioa, and received
grammes were almost entirely of comjio- a voluntary testimonial from Padre Mar-
sitionsby Wolfgang. In Frankfort he was tini), Milan (Oct. 10, where he wrote and
heard by Goethe in Paris (Nov. 18, 17G3, to

;
produced his Mitridate, which had been or-
April 10, 17G4:) four of his sonatas for piano- dered of him there on his first visit), Tur-
forte and violin were jiublished. In Lon- in ; back once more to Milan, and through
don July 21, 17C5) he took
(April, 17G4, to Venice, Padua (where an oratorio was or-
singing lessons of Manzuoli, and j)robably dered of him), Vicenza, Verona, arriving
benefited much by the advice of Johann iu Salzburg, March 28, 1771. Ou June 5
Christian Bach, with whom he became inti- ^^x he was elected (hoi!-
mate. While staying at Chelsea he wrote orary ?) maestro di*
jfcis first symphony. While in Geneva the cappella to the Acca-*
party visited Ferney, with a letter of intro- demia Filarmonioa,
duction, but both Voltaire and
Denis Mme of Bologna. In Au-
were too sick to see them. Everywhere gust he returned to
they were received and feted by the most % Milan to write his
distinguished people. Back iu Salzburg serenata Ascanio in
(November, 17GG), Wolfgang was put Alba, which com-
through Fux's Gradus. In January, 17G8, eclipsed
p le t e 1 y
father and children went to Vienna, where Basse's Ruggiero,
Wolfgang was commissioned to write his nven the evening before. Hasse's admira-
first opera. La fiuta semj)hce, which, how- tion and friendshiiD for him were, however,
ever, was not performed. But a smaller not lessened by this defeat. In December,
German Singspiel by him, Bastieu und 1771, he was home again, and was laid up
Bastienue, was given there. On his return by a severe illness. His friend and j)ro-
to Salzburg the Finta semplice was given at teetor the Archbishop died, and in October,
the palace of the Archbishop, who appointed 1772, he went a fourth time to Milan, where
MOZART
his Lucio Silla made a furore. In 1773 ho in
earnest; he was no longer an
went to "Vienna, but failed to get a court infant
phenomenon, the whole musical life
appoiutment in
later to Jlunicli, where he
;
Paris was absorbed by the
Gluck-Piccinui
brought out his Fiuta giardiuiera (1775)
controversy, and there was no
with great success, and won high praise an opening for
outsider. He gave some mu.sic lessons,
also as a violinist. After this he gave up and brought
out a symphony and a few
violin playing in public, although ho long
other smaller thiugs, but could not
get an
kept up a liking for playing the viola in order
for an opera. Added to his iH-luck
quartets. His abandoning the vioHii was came the
death (.July 3) of his niotlier. On
a great disappointment to his father, who Sept.
2(5, after a cordial meeting with
hia
saw in him the making of the lirst violinist old friend
Johann Christian Bach, he set
ill Europe. From March, 1775, to Septem- out to return to Salzburg,
going by Nancy
ber, 1777, he stayed in Salzburg, working and
Strasburg, and aniving in October.
bard at composition. His relations with In November ho went to
Mannheim, but
the new Archbishoj), Hieronymus, Graf von failed
to get any profitable work, and his
Colloredo, were unsatisfactory, and at last father
ordered him to come home forth-
he applied for a discharge from service, with. He an-ived, Dec. 25, at Munich,
which was granted. He was now twenty- where he found the
Webei-s, but Ûoysia
one, and here his great period as a com- jilted him, and he returned home in July,
1779. He heartily disliked Salzburg, even
to his duties as Conzertmeister and organ-
ist at court and at the cathedral, where he
had succeeded Adlgas.ser at a saljiry of 400
florins(about $200). On Jan. 21), 1781,
Idomeneo, the first of his great opei-as, the
one which decided his rank as dramatic
composer, was given under Schikaneder's
baton in Munich, during the Carnival and ;
on March IG he joined the Archbishop in

Vienna. His position soon became intoler-
able ; he was obliged to dine at the ser-
vants' table, and his protector ti-eatcd him
with eveiy indignity. When the Arch-
bishop returned to Salzburg in the summer,
in a huff at his unpopularity at court, Mo-
pcser begins. On Sept. 23, 1777, he set zart was the first to be turned out of the
out again, this time with his mother, going house. He went to live with the AVebers ;
througli Munich and Augsburg to Mann- the father was dead, and Aloysia married to
heim (Oct. 30), where he became intimate Joseph Laufe, a court actor. He made two
with Wieland the poet, and with many applications to tlio Archbishop for a formal
noted musicians, but failed to get a jiosi- dischai-ge, but the only release fi-oui service
tion in the Elector Karl Theodor's Ka- he ever got was a kicking by that dignitary
pelle. He fell in love with Aloysia Wobcr, and a shower of bad language. Ho was
daughter of the j'l'ompter and copyist at now fixed in Vienna, where ho married
the theatre and to break off (he match,
;
Constanze Weber, a younger sister of the
his father wrote him from Salzburg to go faithless Aloysia, Aug. 1(5, 1782. He was
immediately to Paris, where he aiTived, very jjoor, and found but few pupils his ;
March 23, 1778. His troubles now began main source of income was comi>osition
MOZART
aud concert-giving, of winch lie did a great patron and pupil Prinz Karl Lichnowski to
deal but be could get no appointment at
;
on the waj' to give concerts
Berlin, stopping
court, and tbe Italian Opera was uiouoiio- in Dresden and Leipsic. In Berlin Fried-
lized by Sarti and Paisiello. He contem- rich Wilhelm II. offered him the post of
plated a trip to Paris and London, but was Kaijellmeister, with a salary of 3,000 Thalers
dissuaded by bis father. A sou, Karl, was ($2,500), but he refused, prefen-ing to stay
born, June 17, 1783. In July he went to in Emperor Josejjh's service. All he gained
Salzburg to conduct a mass at the cathe- by this trij) was gloi-y, in spite of several
dral, and to present his wife to his family ;
concerts and two presents of a hundred
but neither his father, who had warmly op- Friedrichs d'or from theKing of Prussia, and
posed the match, nor his sister ever got to a hundred ducats from the King of Saxony.
like her, and he returned to Vienna in Oc- After his return to Vienna his poverty was
tober. In 1785 his father visited him, rendered doubly unbearable by his wife's
meeting Joseph Haydn, who was loud in constant ill-health. The Emperor, stimu-
his jjraises of Wolfgang. The father's lated by hearing of the King of Prussia's
health failed shortly after his return to offer, ordered another opera of him, Cosi
Salzburg, and he never saw his sou again. fan tutte (given, Jan. 26, 1790). The run
/In October, 1785, the stage of the Ger- was interrujited by the Empei'or's death
man Opera was again open to him, (Feb. 20). No musician had anything to
and he bi'ought out his Schausisieldirek- hojie from his successor, Leopold II. IMo-
tor but a iDerformance of Idomeneo at
;
zart applied for the jiost of second Kapell-
the palace of Priuz Auersperg was of meister, but all he could get was the ap-
more importance to him, as it attracted pointment as assistant Kaiêllmeister (with-
the notice of the dramatist Lorenzo da out pay) to Hoffmann at the cathedral,
Ponte (born at Ceneda, Venetian States, with the right to succeed him at his deatii.
March 10, 1749, died in New York, Aug. 17, In Octobex', 1791, he went to Frankfort-on-
1838), who engaged to write the text of the-Main to attend Leoiôld's coronation,
Figaro for him. Tlie opera was given. May stopping on the way to play at Reichstadt,
1, 1786, with almost unprecedented success, and, on the way back, at Mannheim and
but still got him no appointment. He again Munich. On had
his return to Vienna he
determined to go to England, but was once to take leave of Haydn, whom Salomon was
more dissuaded by his father. He, how- taking to London. His affairs were now
ever, went by invitation to Prague to wit- worse than ever. He had not played the
ness the success of Figaro. He staid at the pianoforte in public in Vienna since 1788,
house of Count Johann Josef Thun, and had but made one last appearance, March 4, 1791,
one of the most splendid ovations of his life, at a concert by the clarinet player Biihr.
besides receiving an order for another ojiera. Schikaneder, who had ojiened a little thea-
On returning to Vienna he began a third tre in one of the suburbs, ordered of him a
time to make arrangements to go to Eng- magic opera, the ZauberflOte. In July he
land, his friends Kellj', Nancy Storaee, and received the order for the Requiem, just as
Attwood (his own pupil) offering to get him he was setting out for Prague, where he had
some position there. But the overwhelm- been invited to write an opera for the coro-
ing success of Don Giovanni at Prague (Oct. nation of Leopold n. He worked hard at
29, 1787) induced the Emperor to appoint this opera even during his journey thither,
him Kammercompositor, at a salary of 800 and La cleraenza di Tito was given on the
Gulden (about $-400) to keep him in Vienna. evening of the coronation, Sept. 6, 1791.
His finances, however, still continued des- He was already ill, and suffered severely
perate. In Ajiril, 1789, he accompanied his from the journey. On his return to Vienna -^
MOZAKT
lie work ap;iuii on the Z.iuberflOte, entailed upon
set to
the art of music probably the
which was brought out, Sept. 30. He now greatest I
lo.ss it ever sustaiue.!.

began the Requiem, but was continually in- fully exhausted
He La*l
the musical field of his day,
terruptea by fainting fits he fell into a and
;
his later works, notjtbly Don Giovnnui
and Die Zauberflute, show that he already
had one foot over the threshold of that do-
main of larger and freer musical forms in
which Beethoven and, after him, Schumann
were destined to do their greatest work.
He had a finish and perfection of style which
has since been approached only by Cheru-
bini and ]Mendels.sohu, both of them men of
far less force of original genius. He com-
bined the highest characteristics of the
Italian and German schools as no raau ever
did, before or since. Apart from his music,
however, he seems to have been decidedly
an ordinary man. Ho was sincerely relig-
ious, and his life was above reproach but;
his tastes were in no way intellectual He

liked dancing, billiards, ninepins, eatin"
and drinking (especially punch), fine clothes,
and jolly company his animal spirits were
;
Mozart's Monument, Vienna. unbounded, and he was extravagantly fond

of fun but music was the only intellectual
;
profound melancholy, and fancied he had activity for which he had either inclination
been poisoned. News came that some Hun- or capacity. He was a tremendous worker,
garian nobles had clubbed together to and the stories told of his dissoluteness are
guarantee him an annual sum of money, wholly without foundation. Of his pupils
and that a subserijition was raised in Am- (of whom he had comparatively few) Thomas
sterdam to buy anything he miglit compose.
But it was too late he died of malignant
;
typhus before completing his Requiem.

His last finished composition was a can-
tata for the Free Masons' Lodge, Nov. 15.
The funeral, Dec. G, 1791, was in the open
air at St. Stephen's (the site now occupied
by the Galvani'sches Gebiiude in the Rau-
heusteingasse) he was buried in the
;
c:^
churchyard of St. Marx, in the common
paupers' grave. All clue to the actual grave
has been lost, but a monument with a
statue has been erected there to his mem-
ory. the di majores of the musical Attwood was his favourite. For a list of por-
Among
Olympus Mozart stands conspicuous for traits of him. see Grove, ii. 404. A complete
combining the finest and most versatile edition of his works is published by Breit-
genius with the most comj)lete and thorough kopf & Hiirtel in Leipsic.
technical musical culture. His eai-ly death Works. I. Dramatic Die SihuUlifflreU dea :
MOZART
ersteii Gebotef?, sacreil Singspiel, 3 parts (first aria ; Popoli di Tessaglia, recit., and lo non
part by Mozart, the two others by Michael chiedo, aria ; Ma che vi fece, recit., and
Hayclu and Adlgasser), Salzburg, 17G7 Apnl- Sjierai viciuo ;

il lido, aria ; Misera, dove
lo et Hyaciuthus, Latin comedy, ib., May 13, sou ? scena, and Ah, uon sou io, aria A ;
17G7 Baslieii uud Bastieune, operetta, Vien- questo seno, recit., and Or che il cielo a me
;
na, 17G8 La/ntasemplice, opera buifa, not ti rende, aria

;
Aêhmt meinen Dank, aria ; ;
performed Mitridate, re di Ponto, opera Mia speranza, recit., and Ah, non sai qual
;
seria, Milan, Dec. 2G, 1770 Ancanio in Alba, pena, rondo Vurrei spiegarvi, aria No, no,
; ; ;
festa teatrale, ib., Oct. 17, 805^0 di che nou sei capace, do.; Ch' io mi scordi,
1771 ; II
Scipione, dramatic serenade, Salzburg, May, recit., and Non temer, amato bene, rondo
1772 Lucio Silla, dramma per musica, with pianoforte obligato Bella mia fiamma,
;
;•
Milan, Dec. 26, 1772 ; La^nta giardiniera, recit., and Resla, o cara, aria ; Ah, se in ciel,
opera bufifa, Munich, Jan. 13, 177-5 ; II r^ aria ; Alma grande, e nobil core, do. Chi s:i,
;
pastore, festa teatrale, Salzburg, April 23, chi sii qual sia, do. ; Vado, ma dove? do.«
1775 ; Za'kle, com- B. For contralto Onibra felice, recit., and
operetta (unfinished, :
pleted by Johann Andre), not given Cho- Io ti lascio, rondo. C. For tenor Va, dal ;
:
ruses and entr'actes to Thamos, Kouig in furor portata, aria Or che il dover, do. ;
Aegypten, Berlin, 1786 Momeneo, re di Si mostra la sorte, do.; Con ossequio, con
;
Creta, ossia Ilia ed Idamante, opera seria, rispetto, do Clarice, cara mia sposa, ;
Munich, Jan. 29, 1781; Die Entfiihrung a.un do. (Se al labbro mio uon credi, do.; Per ;
dem Serail, comic Singsinel, Vienna, Na- pieta, non ricercate, rondo Misero, ognu- ;
tioualtheater, July 12, 1782 Der Schau- no, recit., and Aura che intorno, aria. D.
;
spieldireMor, comedy with music, SehOn- For bass Cosi dunque tradisci, recit., :
brunn, Feb. 7,, 1786 Le nozze di Figaro, and Aspri rimorsi atroci, aria Alcandro,
;
;
opera butfa, Vienna, Nationaltheater, May 1, lo confesso, recit., and Non so donde viene,
178G II dissoluto punito, ossia il Don Gio- aria Mentre ti lascio, o figlia, aria
;
Un ; ;
vanni, do., Prague, Oct. 29, 1787 Gosl fan bacio di mano, arietta Rivolgete a lui lo ;
;
tutte, do., Vienna, Jan. 2G, 1790 Die Zck- sguardo, aria Ich mOchte wohl der Kaiser
; ;
berjldte, German opera, ib., Per questa bella

Sept. 30, 1791 sein, German war-song ;
La demenza di Tito, opera seria, Nun, liebes Weib- Prague, mano, aria. E. Duets :
Sept. 6, 1791. chen, ziehst mit mir (S. and B). F. Ter-
U. Oratorios and cantatas Passious- zets Mi lagnero tacendo (2 S. and B.)
: : ;
Cantate Die Maurerfreude ; Eine Kleiiie Ecco, quel fiero (do.) Mandina amabile
;
;
Freimaurer-Cautate Betidia liberata, ora- (S., T., and B.) Phi non si trovano, canzo-
;
;
torio, Padua, 1772 H re pastore, Salz- net (2 S. and B.). G. Quartet Dite almeno,
;
:
burg, April 23, 1775. Davidde penitente, in me maucai (S., T., and 2 B.).
cantate, Vienna, Burgtheater, March 13, IV. Church music 8 Miss;T3 breves, in :
1785. G, D minor, F, D, C, C, C, B-flat Missa ;
III. Arias, etc., with orchestra —A. For so- longa (Credo-Messe) in C ; 6 other masses,
prano : Conservati fedele, aria ; A Berenice, all in C, among them the mass In honorem
recitative, and Sol nascente, aria ; Pa- pieta, SSimc Trinitatis and the KrOuungs-Messe ;
bel idol mio, aria ; temerario Arbace, Two sets of Litanise Laureutanoe, in B-flat
and aria Se
recit. ; tutti i mali miei, aria and D ; 2 do. of Litauife de veuerabili, in
Fra cento affanni, do.; Kommt her, ihr B-flat
E-flat and
Dixit and Magnificat, in ;
frecheu Siinder, do. ; Vol ch' avete un cor C Vesperfe de dominica, in C Vesperse
; ;
fedele, do.; Ah, lo previdi, scena, and Ah, solennes de confessore, in C 5 Kyrie God ; ;
t' our Refuge, 4 voc. Veni Sancte Sjîritus,

invola agli occhi miei, aria Alcandro lo ; is ;
confesso, recit, and Non so donde viene. 4 voc. and ace; IVIiserere, 3 voc. and org. ;
MOZART
Quserite priraum, 4 voc.
4 voc. and ace. To Deum,
; 3 Eegina Cojli, 'one or more pianofortes — No. 7, for 3 pi-
; do. ; 2 Tantum anofortes, in F ; No. 10, for 2 do., in E-flat ;
ergo, do. 8 oflertories for various voices
;
;
No. 1, for 1 do., in F ; No. 2, in B-flat ; No.
2German Kirchenlieder, for voice and org. D G
; 3, in ; No. 4, in ; No. 5, iu D ; No. 6,
De profuudis, 4 voc. and ace. Ergo inte- ; in B-flat 8, in C ; No.
No. 9, in E-flat No! ; ;
rest, and aria 2 Motets, Exsultate,

recit. ;
11, in F
No. 12, in A No. 13, in C No.
; ; ;
Jubilate, and Ace, verum Graduale ad fes- 14, in C minor

;
No. 15, in B-flat No. IG. ; ;
tum B. M. v., 4 voc. and ace. 2 Hymns, do. ; in D No. 17, in G No. 18, in B-flat ; No!
; ;
V. Vocal, with pianoforte : 37 songs ; 2 19, in F No. 20, iu D minor No. 21, in
; ;
terzets and B.)(S., T., ; 1 3-part chorus ; 21 C No. 22, in E-flat No. 23, in A No. 24,
; ; ;
canons for 2-12 voices. in C minor No. 25, iu C No. 2C, in D ; ;
VI. Oi-chestral : 41 sj-mphonios No. 1, — No. 27, in B-flat No. 28 (concert-rondo), in' ;
;
in E-flat ; No. 2, in B-flat No. 3, in E-flat ; D. Five for violin No. 1, in B-flat No. : ;
No. 4, in D ; No. 5, in B flat ; No. G, in F ; 2, in D ; No. 3, in G ; No. 4, in D ; No. 5.

No. 7, in D No. 8, in D*; No. 9, in C
; ; No. in A Adagio for violin, in E-flat ; Rondo
10, in G ; No. 11, in D No. 12, in G ; ; No. concertant for do., in B-fl;it Rondo for do., ;
13, in F ; No. 14, in A No. 15, in G ; ; No. in C Coneertone for 2 violins, in C Con-
'
; ;
16, in No. 17, inC ; No. 18, in F G ; ; No. certante Symphonic for violin and viola, in
19, in E-flat No. 20, in D No. 21, in A E-flat Concerto for bassoon, in B-flat do.,
; ; ; ;
No. 22, in C No. 23, in No. 24, in B- for flute and h.arp, in C 2 for flute, in G
; D ; ;
flat No. 2.5, in G minor No. 2G, in E-flat and D Andante for do., in C 4 concerto.s
; ;
; ;
No. 27, in G ; No. 28, in C ; No. 29, in A for horn, 1 in D, 3 in E-flat I

; 1 do. for clar-
No. 30, in D ; No. 31, in D (Pariser-SMo- inet, in A
nie) No. 32, in G No. 33, in B-flat No.
; Vin. Chamber music; Quintets 1 ; —A :
34, in C No. 35, in D No. 3G, in C No. for pianoforte, oboe, clarinet, horn, and han-
; ; ;
37, in G No. 38, in D (without minuet)

; soon, in E-flat G for 2 violins, 2 violas, and ;
;
No. 39, in E flat No. 40, in G minor No. 41 violoncello, in I3-flat, C minor, C, G minor,
; ;
in C {Jupiter). Two Cassationen, in G and D, and E-flat 1 for violin, 2 violas, bom, ;
B-flat ; 8 serenades, 1 in F, and 7 (among and violoncello, in E-flat ; 1 for clarinet, 2
which the Z7a^'/(pr-Serenade) in D ; 1 Noc- violins, and violoncello, in A Eine

viola, ;
turne for 4 orchestras, in D 3 serenades ; Kleine Nachtmusik, for 2 violins, viola, vio-
for wind instruments, in B-flat, E-flat, and loncello, and double b.xss, iu G Adagio for ;
C minor ; 7 divcrtimenti for strings and 2 clarinets and 3 basset-horns, in B-tlat ;
wind, in E-flat, D, D, F, D, B-flat, and D do. and rondo, for harmonica, flute, oboe,
10 do., for wind instruments, in E-flat, B- viola, and violoncello, in C minor. Quar- R
flat, C, C, F, B-flat, E-flat, F, B-flat, and E- tets 2 for pianoforte, violin, viola, and vio-
:
flat ; 1 2 mai-ches, 8 in D, 3 in C, and 1 in loncello, iu G minor and E-flat 23 for 2 ;
F ; Allegro (finale for a symphony) in D ;

violins, viola, and violoncello Nos. r3. and —
Minuet (for a symphony) in C; Maurerische 14, in G Nos. 2, 20, and 21, in D Nos. 4.
; :
Trauerinusik in C minor Ein musii-ali.'fclii'r ;

10, and 19, in C ; Nos. 5, 8, .and 23. in F
Spass, in 41 minuets, in G sets of from Nos. G, 12. 17, and 22. in B-flat N'os. 7,
F ;
;
2 to 12 each 2 do. with contradanees 49 11, and IG, in E-flat

;
Nos. 9 and IS, in .\ ;
; ;
deuLsche Tiinze, in 8 sets of 3-12 each 30 Nos. 13 and 13, in D minor 3 divertiraenti ;
;
contradanees, either separate or in sets of for do., in D, B-flat, and F .Vdagio an<l ;
2-9 each, among them La bataille, Der Sieg fugue for do., in C minor 2 quartets for ;
vom Helden Coburg, and Lcs fiUes mali- flute, violin, viol.a, and violoncello, in D and
cieuses. A 1 do., for oboe, violin, viola, and violon- ;
Vn. Concertos with orchestra: 28, for cello, iu F. C. Trios : 7 for pianoforte, \-io-
MUDIE
lin, nnd violoncello, in B-flat, D minor, G, vols., Leipsic, 18G7) ; do., in English, trans-
B-ilat, E, C, and G ; by Pauline D. Townseud (3 vols.,

1 (Kegelstatt-Trio), for lated
pianoforte, clarinet, and viola, in E-flat London, 1882) G. N. von Nissen, Bio- ; ;
Divertimento for violin, viola, and violon- graphic W. A. Mozart (Leipsic, n. d.)
cello, in E-flat Kleines Ad.igio, for 2 basset- Wurzbach, Mozart-Buch (Vienna, 1869)
; ;
horns and bassoon, in F. D. Duos 43 so- Oulibicheff', Nouvelle biographie de M. (3 :
natas for pianoforte and violin Nos. 1, 9, 13, vols., Moscow, 1844) Grove Wurzbach. — ; ;
18, 24, 27, 38, and 39, in C No. 21, in C mi- UMUDIE, THOMAS MOLLESON, born ;
nor; Nos. 2 and 14, in D Nos. 11, 20, 2G, al Chelsea, England, Nov. 30, 1809, died in
;
3G, and 41, in E-flat Nos. 22 and 28, in E Loudon, July 24, 1876.
;
Pupil at the Royal
minor Nos. 8, 15, 17, 19, 32, 33, and 43, Academy of Music of Dr. Crotch in com-
;
in P Nos. 4, 6, 12, 25, and 35, in G Nos. position, of Cipriani Potter for jiianoforte,
; ;
7, 23, 29, 37, and 42, in A No.s. 3, 5, 10, and of Wilhuan for clarinet, and was
;
16, 31 (one movement), 34, and 40, in B- professor of jaianoforte at the Academy in
flat 12 variations for do., on La bergere 1832-44. In 1834-40 he spent much time
;
Silimene, in G G do., on Hulas, j'ai perdu in the service of Lord Monson at Gatton,
;
mon amant, in G minor 2 duos for violin Surrey, where he was organist until 1844.
;
and viola, in G and B-flat 1 do. for 2 vio- Many of his works were performed by the :
lins, in C 1 sonata for bassoon and violon- Society of British Musicians, founded iu
;
cello, in B-flat. 1834. He settled iu Edinburgh as a teacher

IX. For pianoforte 5 sonatas for 4 iu 1844, but returned to Loudon in 1863
:
bands, in G, B-flat, D, F, and C Andante and remained in comparative obscurity. ;
and 5 variations for do., in G Fugue for 2 Works 48 solos and 6 duets for pianoforte ; :
;
pianofortes, in C minor Sonata for do., in 19 fantasias 3 sacred duets a collection

; ; ;
D 17 sonatas for pianoforte solo Nos. 1, of 24 sacred songs 3 chamber anthems

; ; ; ;
7, 10, and 15, in C No. 14, in C minor 42 songs and 2 duets Several symphonies
; ; ; ;
Nos. 6, 9, and 17, in D No. 4, in E-flat Trio, quintet, overture, and other pieces.
; ;
Nos. 2 and 12, in P No. 5, in G No. 11, The scores of his symphonies and all his
; ;
in A No. S, in A minor.
; Four fantasias printed works are iu the library of the Royal
No. 1 (with fugue), in C Nos. 2 and 4, in Academy of Music. Grove Riemann, 611.
;
— ;
G minor No. 3, in D minor 2 rondos, in

;
MUETTE DE PORTICI, LA (The Dumb ;
D and A minor 15 sets of variations 1 Girl of Portici), French opera in five acts,
; ;
suite, in C 15 smaller pieces Adagio for text by Scribe and Germain Delavigue, mu-
; ;
harmonica 3 pieces for mechanical organ. sic by Auber, first represented at the Aca-
;
X. For organ with other instruments domie Royale de Musique, Paris, Feb. 29,
11 sonatas for 2 violins, bass, and organ, 2 1828. Original Cast
in C, 1 in E-flat, 2 in B-flat, 3 in D, 2 in F,
and 1 in G ; 2 do. for Masaniello (T.) M. Adolphe Nourrit.
2 violins and ba-ss, or Pietro (B.) M. Dabadie.
organ, in B-flat and Elvire (S.) Mile Cinti-Damoreau.
D ; 2 do. for organ Fenella (danseuse) Mile Noblet.
and orchestra.
XI. For works left The scene is near Naples. Fenell.a, the
unfinished at Mo- dumb girl, whose i)art is expressed in pan-
zart's death,among which are the Requiem, tomime, escapes from prison and gains the
and the operas L' oca del Cairo and Lo tiposo protection of the Priucesse Elvire from the
deluso, see Breitkopf & Hiirtel's Catalogue persecutions of an vuikuown cavalier. Dur-
for 1885, 512.— Otto Jahn, W. A. Mozart (2 ius the marriage of the Princesse with Al-
MUETTE
phonse, son of tlio Due cVArcos, slie dis- vie."
The overture was previously used as
covers that be her persecutor, and de- a prelude to Le Jfa>;on.
is
This opera ia Au-
nounces him to Elvire. In the second act ber's masterpiece, though it«
success waa
Masaniello, brother of Fenclla, excites the partly due to
its intense revolutionary
revolutionary spirit of the fishermen, assem spirit. Its representations iu Paris in 18:W
bled on the sea-shore mending their nets and occasioned great
excitement, and Nourrit,
sails. Fenella attempts to throw herself who achieved brilliant
success as the hero,
into the sea, but is prevented by Masaniello, rendered it still
more popular by singing La
who vows to avenge her wrongs. The third Parisieime at each performance.
The ojMjni
act is in the market-place, which is crowded was given 471 times
at the Op.'ra, Paris, up
with market-girls and fishermen. Fenella, to Oct. 28, 1873. In London
La nmette do
seized by an officer, is rescued by the fisher- Portici was received with
demonstrations
men, and Masaniello gives the signal for a from the radicals during the reign of \Yill-
general uprising, before which they chant iam IV. Its performance in Brussek
on
a cappella the celebrated prayer, taken from Aug.25, 1830, caused the rioU which
Auber's mass. The fourth shows
drove the Dutch from Belgium. The work
act Slasa-
niello in his cottage. Fenella enters, de- was forbidden in Italy, but it has been fre-
scribes the tumult in the city, and falls quently represented in Russia, as Fenella.
asleep, while Masaniello slugs to her the It was first given in Berlin as Die Stummo
song, " Du pauvre seul ami fidele," known von Portici, Jan. 12, 1829 in Vienna, April ;
as "L'air du sommeil." Pietro, a fisher- 11, 1829 and in London, at Drury Lane,
;
man, enters with the news of Aljjhonse's Jlay 4, 1829, as ^Masaniello, in three acta,
escape, and the two depart. Shortly after- and with Jlr. Braham, who achieved great
wards Alphonse and Elvire seek refuge from success, in the title-rule. It was performed
the mob within the cottage. Fenella prom- at Covent Garden, London, in Italian.
ises her protection, and Masaniello, on his March 15, 1849, with Siguor Mario as ILi-
return, j'ields to her petition. The people saniello, and on April 4, 1850, Tamberlik
rush in with the keys of the town, and pro- made his debut in England in the soiue
claim Masaniello king. The fifth act 02)eus character with great success. It was given
in the Viceroy's gardens, where a number at Her Majesty's as La muta di Portici,
of fishermen are singing. It is soon an- April 10, 1851. It was first represented iu
nounced that the troops are ordered against New York in English, Nov. 28, 1831 and ;
the people, that Vesuvius is in eruption, at the Metropolitan Opera House, in Ger-
and that Masaniello has lost his reason. man, as Ma.saniello, Feb. 16, 1887. Pub-
Aroused by Fenella, he plunges into the lished by Brandus & Dufour (Piuis, 1829)
fray and is killed. At the news of her by Breitkopf k Hiirtel (Leipsic, 1829) by ;
brother's death, Fenella joins the hands of Schott (Mainz, 1829) and by Trautwein ;
Aljjhouse and Elvire, and throws herself (Beriin, 1829).— Clement et Larousse, 4G8 ;
into the stream of lava that is flowing Lajarte, ii. 129 ; Liszt, Gcsjmimelte Schrif-
through the town. Among the best num- ten, HI., Part I., 79 Hanslick, Moderue ;
bers of the opera are the chorus " O Dieu Oper, 127 Berliner mus. Zeitg., vi 27
: ; ;
puissant, Dieu tutclaire " the barcarolle, Allgem. mus. Zeitg., xxxi. lG(i, 338, 066
;
" Amis, la matinee est belle," previously Revue music.ale, iii. 129, 179 Revue et Ga- ;
used iu the earlier opera sung zette musicale de Paris (1879), 297; EA-
Emma (1821),
by Masaniello the duet, " Amour sacre de wards, History of the Opera, ii. 195 Atlie-
;
;
la patrie," by Masaniello and Pietro Pie- nanuu (1829), 285 (1849), 282 (1851). 412
; ; ; ;
tro's barcarolle, " Voyez, du haut de ces Grove, i. 103 Upton, ytandanl Oponis, ;
rivages ;
" and Elvire 's aria, " Arbitre d'une 14.
MUFFAT
MUFFAT, AUGUST GOTTLIEB, born Ballets ; Overtures ; Choruses and songs.
about 1090, died Vienna, Dec. 10, 1770. —Mendel, Ergiinz., 291.
iii
Sou and pupil of Georg Muffat and pupil MULETIER, LE (The Muleteer), French
of J. J. Fax was court organist to Em- opera-comique in one act, text by Paul de
;
peror Charles VI. and instructor of tlie im- Kock, after Boccaccio, music by Hurold,
perial childrenfrom 1717 to 176i, when he first represented at the Opera Comique,
was pensioned. Works 72 Versetten oder : Paris, May 12,1823 revived May 7, 1858.
;
Fugen, sammt 12 Toccaten, besonders zum — Revue et Gaz. mus. de Paris (1858), 153.
Kirchendieust bei Choral-Aemtern uud Ves- MULLER, ADOLF, the elder, born at
Tolna, Hungary, Oct. 7, 1S02, died in Vi-
enna, July 29, 1886. Dramatic singer and
composer ; began to study music under
Rieger, organist at the Cathedral of Briinn ;
pern dieulicli (Vienna, 1726), for organ ;

later, in Vienna, pupil in composition of
Componimeuti musical! for Joseph Blumenthal. At the age of eight

harpsichord.
—"Wurzbach (ib., 1727),
Riemann Fctis. he appeared in a concert as j)ianist, after-
; ;
MUFFAT, GEORG, German composer wards devoted himself to the stage, and
of the 17th century, died at Passau, Feb. was a member of the opera successively at
23, 1704. studied Lully's style in Paris Prague, Lemberg, Briinn, and finally (1823-
He
for six years was organist of the Strasburg 28) in Vienna, where he was then appoint-
;
Cathedral until 1675, when he was driven ed Kapellmeister at the Theater an der
away by the war. After some time sjient Wien. Up to 1868 he had comijosed for
in Vienna and Rome, he became organist that stage 579 operas, operettas, melodra-
in 1G90 at Salzburg, and was appointed mas, and other works of various descrip-
in 1695 Kapellmeister and Master of the tion. —
Works Operas Seraphine, Vienna, :
Pages to the Bishop of Passau. "Works : Oct. 22, 1828 ; Astrita, ib., about 1830.
Suavioris harmonire instrumentalis hyj)or- Ojjerettas : Wer Auderu eine Grube griibt
chematicte florilegium (Augsburg, 1G85), 50 fiillt selbst hinein, given in Vienna, 1825 ;
pieces for 4 or 8 violins ; Florilegium se- Die schwarze Frau, ib., 1820 ; Die erste Zu-
cundum (Passau, 1698), 62 pieces Appara- sammeukuuft, ib., 1827. ;
Sixty Singspiele,
tus musico-organisticus (Augsburg, 1690), burlesques, and parodies Cantata for the ;
12 toccatas, etc. ; Armonico tribute (Salz- Emperor's birthday, performed Feb. 25,
burg, 1G82), sonatas Auserlesener mit 1825 Grand mass in D
;
8 ofl'ertories ; ; ;
Erust und Lust gemengter lustrumental- Quartets for strings 435 compositions for ;
werke erste Versammlung (Passau, 1701). pianoforte, physharmonica, and for voice ;
— Riemann Schilling Gerber Mendel jMethod for voice. Fetis do.. Supplement,
; ; ; ;
— ;
do., Ergiiiiz., 292 Fetis Wurzbach.

; ii. 253
; Mendel Riemann Wurzbach. ; ; ;
MUHLDORFER, WILHELM KARL, MULLER, ADOLF, the younger, born

born at Gratz, Styria, March 6, 1837, still in Vienna, Oct. 15, 1839, still living, 1889.
living, 1889. Dramatic comijoser studied Dramatic composer, son and pupil of Adolf
;
music at Linz, Uj)per Austria, and at Mann- Muller the elder. In 1864-65 he was Ka-
heim, went on the stage as an actor, and in pellmeister of the opera at Posen, in 1865-
1855 accepted a position as Kapellmeister 07 at Magdeburg, in 1868-75 at Diissel-
at the Stadttheater in Ulm in 1867-81 he dorf, and since 1875 of the German Opera
;
acted in the same capacity at Leipsic, and at Rotterdam. Works— Operas Heinrich :
since then at Cologne. Works Im Kyff- der Goldschmidt, given at Magdeburg,

:
hihiser, romantic opera, 1855 ; Prinzessin 1866 ; Waldmeister's Brautfahrt, Hamburg,

Ivebeubliite, do. ; Music for many dramas 1873 ; Van Dyck, Rotterdam, 1877. Oper-
MULLER
ettas Daa Gespenst in der Spiunstube chestra Tautum ergo,
:
for do. 2 masses ; ; ;
Der kleiue Priuz Der Hofnarr, Vienna, for 3-4 voices, orcliestra,
;
and organ 2 lit- ;
18S6 Der Liebeshof, ib., 1888. Quartet anies for 3-4 voices,
;
organ, an<l wind instru-
for strings Trio for pianoforte and strings ments
;
; ; 3 Lieder beim Grabe Jesu, for 3
Songs.— Fetis, Supplement, ii. 253 ; Kie- voices, organ,
strings, and wind instru-
mann Wurzbach.
;
ments Requiem, for 3 voices, 2 violins,
;
aiULLEll, AUGUST EBERHARD, born organ obligato, and 2 horns ad libitum

;
at Nordheiui, Hanover, Dec. 13, 1707, died Vespenc breves, for voice, organ, strings,
in Weimar, Dee. 3, 1817. Pianist and or- and wind instruments German vespei-s,
;
ganist, son and pupil of the organist of for 2 or 3 voices and organ ; O Deu.s amor
Rinteln also influenced by Johaun Chris-
;
organ ob- meus, graduale for 4 voices,
topb Friedricli Bacb. He began the study ligato, strings, and wind instruments Paiige ;
of law at Leijjsic in 1785, but soon gave it

lingua, for 4 voices and organ do., for ;
up resided some time at Brunswick, and bass voice and organ Collections of vaiia-
;
;
in 1789 became organist of St. Ulrich's at tions for pianoforte. Fi'tis Meuilel. — ;
]Magdeburg. He made many small concert JIULLER, FRIEDRICH, born at Orla-

tours, and in 171)4 went to Leipsic as organ- mtiude, Altenburg, Dec. 10, 1780, died at
ist of St. Nicholas. In 1800 he was ap- Rudolstadt, Dec. 12, 1871. Virtuoso on the
pointed adjunct to Johauu Adani HiUer, clarinet, and instrumentid composer in- ;
and succeeded liim in 1804 as cantor of the structed on several instruments by Lis
Thomasschule and musical director of the father, town musician of Orlaujunde, later
two chief churches of Leipsic. He was pupU of Heinrich Christoph Koch in coiufx)-
made court Kapellmeister at Weimar in sition. When sixteen he joined the orches-
1810. Woi-ks : 3 concertos, 18 sonatas, G tra of the Prince von Schwartzburg-Rudol-
caprices, and other
variations, sonatinas, stadt as violoncellist, then as clarinet player.
pieces for pianoforte Cadenzas to Jlozart's ; After having reorganized the military baud,
concertos Sonata, suites, and choral varia-
; in 181G, ho was made its director, al.so
tions for organ Fantasia, concertos, and ; chamber musician, and 1831 Hof-Ka-
in
duets for flute Trio for jnauoforte and ; peUmeister. In his j'ounger days he had
strings ; Cantata, 11 sacred cantatas, motets, made extensive concert toure. Works : 2
and songs ; Der Polterabcnd, operetta
grand orchestra Itoniance ; Pi- symphonies for ;
anoforte school (Jena, 1805), really the (Jth varied for clai'inet and orcliestra Thriiie ;
edition of Lijhlein's Piauoforteschulc, the varie for bassoon and do.; 4 collections of
8th edition being published hj Czcrny in dances for do.; JIusique militaire Quartet ;
1825, and Kalkbrenner's method being based for clarinet and strings G quartets and 6 ;
on Miiller's Flute method Elementary pi- trios for bonis Concertos and concertinos
; ; ;
—
anoforte and flute pieces. Mendel ; Fetis for clarinet Divertissement for pianoforte ;
Kiemann Schilling Gerber. ;

and clarinet. Fetis Mendel Riemann.
;
— ; ;
MULLER, DONAT, born at Biburg, Ba- MULLER, RVAN, born at Reval, Russia,
varia, Jan. 3, 1804, still living, 1889. Dec. 3, 1780, died at Biickeburg, Si-haum-
Church composer, pupil, while chorister at burg-Lippe, Feb. 4, 1854. Virtuoso on the
the Cathedral of Augsburg, of Dom-Kapell- clarinet, for which instrument he invented
meister Franz Biihler. In 1820 he became improvements now uiuvers;dly accepted.
organist at the Church of the Holy Cross, After having appeared in concerts
in
in 1820 at the Maximilianskirche was ap- Germany with great success, ho went to ;
pointed in 1837 music director at St. Georg Paris in 1809, and established a clarinet
and 1839 at St. Ulrich. Works: Dixit' factory, which failed, his innovations being
in
et Magnificat, for 4 voices, organ, and oi"- discarded by the Academy. He left Paris
MULLEIi
in 1820, liveil in Kus.siji, Berlin, Switzerland, l)ert, op. 25, from Wenzel Miiller's poems.
aiul Loudou, aud finallj-, as court musician, —Frost, Schubert, 61.
at Biickeburg. Works : Divertissement for aiUNDY, JOHN, English composer of
clarinet and orchestra ; Grand solo for do.; He became
the 17th century, died in 1G30.
Sjiupbouie concertante for 2 clarinets Con- organist of Eton College, anel about 1585 of ;
certos for clarinet 6 concertos for ; St. George's Chapel, Windsor. Mus. Bac, flute ;
3 quartets for clarinet and strings Duos Oxford, 1586 Mus. Doc, 1624. Works
; ; :
for clarinet and pianoforte Method for the Songs and Psalmes, composed into 3, 4, and
;
new thirteen-keyed clarinet, and for the alto 5 parts, for the use aud delight of such as
clarinet. —
Fetis Meudel Eiemaun
; Schil- either love or learue Musicke (Loudon,
; ;
ling- 1594) Madrigal in the Triumphes of Ori- ;
ilULLER, WENZEL, born at Tyruau, ana (1601) Compositions for organ aud vir- ;
Moravia, Sept. 2G, 1707, died at Baden, ginals in Queen Elizabeth's Virginal Book ;
near Vienna, Aug. 3, 1835. Dramatic com- etc. Grove Fetis Hawkins, Hist., iii. — ; ;
poser, at first pujjil of a schoolmaster at Alt- 360 iv. 27 Barney, Hist., iii. 54, 132. ; ;
stadt, Moravia, later of Dittersdorf. At the MUNDY, WILLIAM, English composer

age of twelve he composed a mass, and, still of the 16th century, died probably in 1591.
very young, became one of the most pro- He was a vicar choral of St. Paul's, London,
litic and popular composers of light music. and Feb. 21, 1563-64, he was sworn iu as
In 1783 he was ajjpointed Kapellmeister at Gentleman of the Chapel Royal. Works:
the theatre in Briinn, in 1786 at Marinelli's Anthems in Cliiford's Divine Services and
theatre in Vienna, went to Prague as di- Anthems (1664) Services and anthems in ;
rector of the opera in 1808, and returned Barnard's printed aud manuscript collec-
to Vienna in 1813, as Kapellmeister at the tions 11 Latin motets in the library of the ;
Leopoldstildter Theater. His compositions, London Sacred Harmonic Society. Grove — ;
which number several hundred works, in- Hawkius, Hist., iii. 360 iv. 27 ;"Bingley, i. ;
clude more than two hundred operas and 57.

operettas. Works Cora, opera, given in
: MUSARD, PHILIPPE, born iu Paris iu
Vienna, 1795. Ojjcrettas Das Sounenfest 1793, died at Auteuil, near Paris, March 31,
:
der Brarainen, ib., 1790 Der Fagottist, ib., 1859. Pupil of Reicha was for some time
; ;
1791 Tizzichi, ib., 1792

; Das Neusonu- an obscure \-iolinist and conductor gradu-
; ;
tagskind, ib., 1793 Die Schwestern von ally gained greater jjrominence by his con-
;
Prag, ib., 1794 Der Alte iiberall uud nir- certs and masked balls iu Paris and finally
; ;
gends, ib., 1795 Die Entfiihrung der Prin- directed the balls of the Opera Comique
;
zessin Europa, ib., 1816 Faust's Mantel, aud the Opera.; He visited England iu
ib., 1817 Die moderne Wirthschaft, Die 1840-41. He was long considered the best
;
Fee aus Frankreich, ib., 1821 Der Aljieu- composer of dances antl conductor of prom-
;
konig und der Menschenfeind, Die gefes- enade concerts in France, and admirers
selte Phantasie, ib., 1828 Der Sieg des called him the Paganini of the dance and
;
guteu Humors, ib., 1831 Bruder Liiftig, the Quadrille King. He sought after effects
;
oder Faschiugsstreiche, ib., 1832 and many by eccentricities such as breaking several
;
others. Asmodi, oder das biJse Weib und chairs all at once, and firing off a pistol ou
die Schlangeu, ib., 1834, was his last com- beginning the finale of a quadrille. Works :
position. He left also symphonies, over- More than 150 quadrilles, original and on
tures, and masses. —
Fetis Gerber Meu- opei'atic melodies, among them being Les
; ;
del Schilling
; Wurzbach.
; eehos, Les cloches argentiues, Les gondo-
]MULLERLIEDER, a cycle of songs liers veuitiens, Les etudiants de Paris, Le
known as Die schOne MCiUerinn, by Schu- lac, Vive la danse, etc. Many waltzes 3 ;
MUSIKALISClIKi:
quartets ;
Nouvelle nicthode ile conipositiou j
Aite Resolutji,' the initials of wliicli sik-U
musiciile (published only in part). — Futis, |
lUcercar. The fourth canon \v;is inscribed,
Supplement, Grove Kieiuann.
ii. 255 ; ;
" Notulia crescentibua cresttat Fortuua Re-
MUSIKALLSCH12R SPASS, EIN (A Mu- 1
gis," and the fifth canon, which uscenda cue
sical Joke), for two violins, viola, double- tone at each repetition, " Asccudentiquc
bass and two horns, by Mozart, composed in Modulatione asceudat Gloria Refjia" Tlie
Vienna, Juno 14, 1787. Tradition says that solution to the two last canons, not given
this was written at the request of several by Bach, has been much discussed. The
musicians, who 2>l''»yed some wretched mu- Musikalisches Opfer, as it now stands, is a
sic to which Mozart danced in an inn near I collection of separate pieces, of which there
Vienna. I. Allegro IL Minuetto maes- ; is no systematic ari-augeraeut, intended to
toso in. Adagio Cantabile
; IV. Presto. ; |
express the same idea under various a.si>ects.
The autograph is owned by C. A Andre, It may be regarded as a preparation for the

Frankfort. Published by Schlesinger (Ber- Kiinst der Fuge, written in 1749. Pul>-
lin) by Andre (Offenbach) and by Breit-
; ; lished by Broitkopf <& Hiirtel (Lcipsio,
kopf & HUrtel, Mozart's Werke, Serie 10, 1831). The continuo of the sonata, or
—
No. 13. Kiichel, Verzeichniss, No. 522 ;
" trio " (four movements Largo, in C mi- :
Andre, Verzeichniss, No. 15G Jahn, Mo- ; nor ; Allegro, in C minor ; Andante, in E-
zart, iii. 339. flat ; Allegro, in C minor) has been tilled
MUSIKALISCHES OPFER (Musical out for pianoforte by Robert Franz. — Spitla,
Offering), a work by Joliaun Sebastian Bach, ii. G71, 712, 843 ; Poole, Bjich, lO'J ;
Bach, containiuK various treatments of a Kirnberger, Die Kunst in des reiuen Satzes
theme given to him by Frederick the Cheat in der ;Musik, ii. 47 Ûlgem. mus. Zeitg., ;
to improvise on during his visit to Potsdam xxxiv. 3, 108 Grove, iii. 126. ;
in May, 1747. This was i)ublished by MUSSIXI, XICCOL<">, bom in ItjUy in

Bach, dedicated to the king, and sent to the second half of the 18th centur)-, died
him with an autogi-aph letter, dated Leip- in Berlin about 1814. Virtuoso on the
sic, July 7, 1747. This copy, in the Ama- violin and the guitar, and dramatic suiger
lieu Library of the Joachimsthal Gymna- and composer. He obtained an engage-
theatre iu Lou-
sium, Berlin, contains a three-part fugue, ment as tenor singer at the
in concerts iit Han-
called Ricercar six canons and a " Fuga don in 1792, appeai-ed
; ;
over and Cassel singer, violinist, and

Canouica " with its answer on the fifth. :us
'
Bach compo.sed other music of more im- guitar player in 1793, returned to the stage,
portance which is now included under the first at Hamburg, then in Berlin, in 1794,
title of the Musikalisches Opfer, and which and retu-cd in 1798, to become music Ji-
be sent to the king without dedication. rector and chamber comi)oser to the dow-
of this, also in the ager queen. M'orks— Oi^ras La cauie- :
The presentation copy
ricra astuta, given in Hamburg, 1793 La
Amalien Library, contains a six-part fugue,
;
ueiTa aperta, Potsdam and Charlotteii-

also called Ricercar, with two canons at-
vio- biu-g, 179(5 Dichteriaunen, S.ngsp.cl, Ber-
tached a sonata and a canon, for tlute,
;
;
befreito Bethuheu, oratono

lin and contmuo. The first two fugues and liu, 1803. Das
Quartets for 2 «ohns, viola, and
some of the canons are for the clavier the ib., ISOG ; ;
other numbers ai'e for strings. Bach had bass 15 duos for viohns Sonatas for do. l ; ;
;
five of the canons, and the fugue in

canon 3 solos for do. 5 books of romances, for ;
form printed on a sheet bv themselves with voice, pianoforte, and v.ol.u oblignto Songa. ;
tlje title,, div.rsi_ super Tl;e.na -IV^

"Canones GerW M.ulel ; .
^^
JIUSSORGSKY, :^10DEST (PETHO-
Re-num." To this he added a second title,
I
Ke<ns Jussu Cantio Et Reliqua CanJnTJa

Vn'CH), bom at Toroi>etz, Russia, MiuxU
MUZIO
IG, 1830, (lied in St. Petersburg, Miirch 1(), the Royal Academy to compose music to
18S1. Dramatic composer, pupil of Biila- this work, Ariosti being commissioned to
Ivirev. Ho entered a regiment at tlie age write the first act, Bononcini the second,
of seventeen, and was tbeu introduced to and Handel the third. Each act was pre-
Dargomyzskj's circle, where he formed a ceded by an overture, and ended with a
friendship with Balakirev and Cui, and was chorus. Ariosti's authorship of Act I. has
won over to the national Russian style of been doubted, for a MS. score in the Drago-
comijosition. "Works— Operas Boris Gu- : netti Collection, British Museum, ascribes
duuow, given in St. Petersburg, Imjierial it to " II Signor Pij)o," the sobriquet of Fi-
Opera, 187-i ; The Fair of Sarotschin ; The lippo Mattel, who thus has a claim to the first
Chovauski in Moscow Danse macabre part. Bouoncini's act is of merit, and his
;
russe, Scenes d'enfants, and other pieces overture was remodelled from one revived
for pianoforte Songs. Riemann.
; — in 1707 iu connection with a jiasticcio,
MUZIO, EMANUELE, born at Zibello, Thomyris. The autograph score of Act IH.,
Parma, Aug. 25, 1825, still Uving, 1889. in Buckingham Palace, is dated. Fine March
Dramatic composer, pupil as a choir-boy of 23, 1721. This was generally preferred,
the cathedral at Busseto, of the organist and occasioned great excitement between
Provesi in singing, and of Mai-gherita Ba- the followers of Handel and Bononcini.
rezzi, Verdi's first wife, on the pianoforte, Transcriptions of the entire work are in the
and was instructed in composition by Verdi. British INIuseum iu the Royal Collection ; ;
He arranged the jjianoforte scores of his and in the Kijnigliche Bibliothek, Berlin.
master's operas, a com- A selection of songs from Muzio Scevola,
and also edited
plete edition of Rossini's works.In 1852 with Bononciui's overture, was published
he acted as conductor of Italian opera in by Walsh (Loudon, 1721). Acts I. and II.
Brussels then brought out his operas in have never been printed, but Act HI. was
;
Italy and in 1858 was engaged for Her published by the Handel-Gesellschaft, Breit-
;
Majesty's Opera in London, afterwards vis- kopf & Hiirtel (Leipsie, 1874). — Rockstro,
iting the United States and conducting in Handel, 135 Chrysander, Handel, ii. 57 ; ;
the Academy of Music of New York. On Schoelcher, Handel, 67 Marshall, Handel, ;
retiu-uing to Europe he was conductor in 69 Hogarth, ii. 16 Grove, ii. 6G9 Buruey,
; ; ;
Venice, Barcelona, Cairo, and at the The- iv. 273 Hawkins, v. 297. ;
atre Italien of Paris in 1876. An excellent JIY FATHER DEAR. Sec Pin-ilan's
teacher of singing, be settled in Paris in Daughter.
1875, and devoted himself to instruction. mV HEART EVER FAITHFUL. See
Among his pupils have been Adelina and Miy'n gliiubiges Herze.
Carlotta Patti and Clara Louise Kellogg. MYRTHEN (Myrtle- Wreath), twenty-six
AVorks — Operas
Giovanna la pazza, Brus- songs for one voice with jnaiioforte accom-
:
sels, 1852 Claudia, Le due regiue, Milan, jjaniment, by Schumann, op. 25, composed
;
1856 La Sorrentina, Bologna, 1857. Vo- in 1840, and dedicated to " Seiner geliebten
;
cal pieces for the Patti sisters in a collec- Braut," Clara Wieck. Book I. 1. Widmung,
tion called Les feuilles d'or. —
Fctis, Sup- by F. Ruckert(iu A-flat) 2. Freisinn, from ;
plement, ii. 257. Goethe's WestOstlichen Divan (in E-flat)

MUZIO SCEVOLA, Italian pasticcio iu 3. Der Nussbaum, by J. Moseu (in G) 4. ;
three acts, test by Paolo RoUi, music by At- Jemand, by Robert Burns, translation by
tilio Ariosti (Filippo Mattel?), Bononcini, W. Gerhard, (in E minor, later E) 5. ;
and Handel, first represented at the King's Sitz' ich allein, wo kauu ich besser seiu,
Theati-e, London, April 15, 1721. The three from Goethe's Schenkenbuch im Divan (in
composers were engaged by the directors of E) 6. Setze mir uicht, du Grobiau, from the
;
MVSUWECZElv
saiiU! (in A iniiior, Litor in A). Book EI. 7. tached to the court of Munich in 1777-7H,
Die Lotosbluiue, by Hoiiie (in F) S. Tulis- ; but then returned to Italy. Mo/jirt met
maiie, from Goethe's WestOstlicbeii Divan him at Bologna in 1772 in great poverty, auJ
(in C) 9. Lied der Suleika, from tlie same again in Munich
;
in 1777. The remunera-
(ill A) 10. ;Die Hochlunder-Wittwe, by tion bestowed on operatic comiwsera in Lis
Robert Burns (in E minor) 11. Lied der ; day was very small, and he had extravagant
Brant, from the Liebesfriihling, by F. lliick- habits, Init an English patron named Barry
ert (in G) 12. Lass mich ihm am Buseu
; is said to have assisted and buried Lini.
hangen, from the same (in G). Book III. Works— Operas : B Bellerofonte, Naples;
13. Hochlanders Abscbied, l)y Burus (in B Ipermnestra, Itome, 1709 Bomolo o Er- ;
minor) 14. Hochliiudisclios Wiegenlied, by silia, Naples— Dcmetrio, Pavia .Vntigonji,

; —
Burns D) 15. Aus dou hebriiischen
(iu ; Turin, 1773 Artaserse, Naples— Atti.lc,
;
Gesiingen, by Byron (in E minor) IG. ; Padua, 1774 Ezio, and Demofoonte, NaplcH,
;
Rathsel, by Byron (in B) 17 and 18. Zwei ; 1775 Olimpiade, IJome, 1779
; Ariuida, ;
veuetiauisohe Lieder, by Thomas Moore !

Milan Farnace Merope Tamerlane Nit-
; ; ; ;
(both iu G). Book IV. 19. Hauptnianns teti ; L' Adriano in Siria ; Otliers, number-
Weib, by Burns (in E minor) 20. Weit, ; ing altogether about thirty. Oratorios, in-
weit, by Burns (in A minor) 21. Was will ; cluding Pa.ssio Jesu Christi, ami La famiglia
die einsame Thriine, by Heine (in A) 22. ; di Tobia ; Masses ; (i symphonies, named
I
Niemaud, by Burns (in F) 23. Im Westen, ; ! after the six mouths of the year Trios,
tii-st ;
by Burns (iu F) 24. Du hist wio eine;

1
quartets, and other music. Dlabacz Da- — ;
Blume, by Heine (in A-flat) 25. Aus den ; libor (1860), iii. Nos. 13-lG ; (ISCI), No. 5 ;
ostlicben Ilosen, by F. lliickert (in E- Wurzbach Fetis Mendel ; ; ; Itiemauu ; tier-

flat) ; 2G. Zum Schluss, by the same ber ; Schilling.
(A-flat). Published by F. Kistner (Leipsic, DISIS. LES, opera in four :
MYSTKRES
1840). by Morel, nnisic aminged by Lnch- I acts, text
MYSLIWECZEK (Misliweczek), JO- nith, from Jlozart's Zanbn-jUile, liret repre- j
SEPH, born near Prague, March 9, 1737, sented at the Academic Royalo de Musitjuc, '
died iu Home, Feb. 4, 1781. Dramatic Paris, Aug. 20, 1801. The comic part i>f
composer, son of a miller, pupil of Haber- Mozart's opera was cut out, and Papagcno
mann and Segert in Prague studied under was changed to a shepherd, Bocchoiis.
;
Pescetti of Venice iu 1703, and wrote his Many of the best numbers were omitted,
firstopera in Parma, its success being so and portions of Mozart's other operas were
great that be was engaged to compose an inserted, including an air from Dou Gio-
opera for the birthday of the King of Naples. vanni, aud one from La clemenza di Tito.
He was soon famous in Italy, his operas were Lachnith was gi-eatly ridiculed. Ho was
in gi-eat demand, and the celebrated singer called
'•
Le deraugeur," and his comi)il;i-
Gabrielli said no other composer suited her tion,
" Les misores d'ici." It kept the stage
voice so well. Owing to the ditlicult pro- until 1827.— Grove, ii. 440 ; Jahn, Mozart,
nunciation of his name, the Italians called iv. G77 Lajarte, iL 23
; ; Allgem. mua. Ztntg.,
him 11 Boemo or Venturini. He was at- ,
iv. G9 xxiii. 82.
;
8842 4
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UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA

copies, of u'l^cj/jifty are to be sold exclusively

(SC This copy is No.,

Music and Musicians

MUSIC AND MUSICIANS

JOHN DENISON CHAMPLIN, JR.

WILLIAM FOSTER APTHORP

ly/TH MOKE THAN ONE THOUSAND ILLUSTRATIONS

Charles Scribner's Sons.

2. GEORGE FRIDERIC HANDEL

9. WuLhUAiNG AiWADEUS MOZART

10. JOHN KNOWLES PAINE

11. GIOVANNI PIERLUIGI DA PALESTRINA

12. HENRY PURCELL

G8. Hartinann, Eniil, elder 232 113. Jakabowski, IC.Uiard 324

88. Herz, Henri 200 132. Klein, Bruno Oscar 374

1. Autogi-fiph of Ludwig Elilert, 1804 s 20.

12. Rosinc Htolz, as Li'onore

IG. Portrait of Schnklcr-Devrient ....

18. Max Stiigemann, as Der Fliegcndo

22. Autogi-aph of Melehior Franck,

49. Nilsson, as Ophelie 21'J 79. Autograph of Gottfried August

sington Museum 22-1 8-1. Autograph of Heinrich Isaak,

1784 22(! 8G. Elleviou, as Jean de I'aris 329

9G. Autograph of Johann Philipp

71. Autogi-aph of Adolf von Henselt, !

18G3 273 103. Autogi-aph of Jean Fian(,'ois Le-

1775 274 104. Portrait of Annie Louise Gary. 401 . .

77. Autograph of Ernst Hofifmann, 1

1872 284' Christus 469

142. Sigrid Arnoldson, as Mignon. 572 . . .

Lulh-, 1072 494 143. Autograph of 'Willielm Beruhard

A., Alto. jr., Jlonsionr.

do., ditto. op., opus, opera.

It., Italian. T., Tenor.

Music AND Musicians.

EASTER ORATORIO. See Osler-Ora- peln. Works — Operas : Dcr Schutzgeist,

EI5ELING, JOHAXN GEORC}, bora in geselligen Freude, do. 2 funeral cantatas,

1(j7G. He became in 1GG2 nuisical director Tonkunst, cantata .5 symphonies 2 con-; ;

EBELL, HEINRICH KARL, bora at Zeitg. Fotis HofTmann, Die Tonktlnstler

died at Oppeln, Silesia, IMarch 12, 1824. ling.

a sextet Songs Concertos

never been published. — Allgem. d. Biogr., V. 576 ; Schilling.

had an adventu- in 1799 and later musical director at the ;

rous life was a mu- theatre in Pesth. In 1814 he became di-

sical student in rector in a military company, and in 1822

librarian in Nu- Pesth, 179G Die Blumeninsel, Pesth, 179G ; ;

1075, are his only known work-s. Mendel —

ling Eiemann Fetis.

Die HeerscLau, Weimar, about lHi'2 Dcr Schilling Gerber Fetis. ; ; ;

and for the flute. Mendel —

ment, i. liOO. director of the private orchestra of Jacob

stadt in 1797 made a concert tour in Ba-

counterpoint under Fenaroli in Naples. In 2d ed., Erfurt, 1G08) 24 deutsche Lieder ;

1805 Der Jahrmarkt von Pliindersweiler,

ib., 1818 Das befreite Jerusalem, Rudol-

Spanish Friar, 1G81 The Lancashire tos (Ofl'enbacli and Paris)

ECCO LA MARCIA. See Nozze di Fi- ECKERSBERG, JOHANN WIL-

tired to private life in Baden-Baden in Weilcn, is founded on an episode in the

opera, composed in 1880 Wilhelm von field, and of Dudley

Oranien, given in Berlin, 1846 ; Kiithchen Buck in Hartford,

opera, 1782 Diane et rAinour, opei'a-

for pianoforte, op. 15 (Amsterdam) ; Ca- betrothed to Prince James of Scotland,