1.

         The word "accentuated" in the line 2 is closest in meaning to.

a.   De-emphasized.                                          c. Caused.
b.  Speeded up.                                                d. Highlighted.*
2.        All of the following are mentioned as drawbacks of the conventional method of boning EXCEPT.
a.   Storage space requirements.                      c. Loss of carcass weight.
b.  Energy waste.                                            d. Toughness of meat.*

3.        In the line 2, the word "pressure" is closest in meaning to

a.   Urgency.  *                                                  c. Flavor.
b.  Weight.                                                     d. Cooking Texture.

4.        Hot boning is becoming very popular because

a.   It causes meat to be very tender.
b.  It helps conserve energy and is less expensive than conventional methods.*
c.   Meat tastes better when the bone is adequately seared along with the meat.
d.  It reduces the weight of the carcass.

5.        In the line 7, "carcass" is nearest in meaning to

a.   A refrigerator for the animal body. *          c. Electrical stimulation of beef
b.  A method of boning meat.                           d. Early excision.

6.        In the line 11, "early excision" is closest in meaning to

a.   Vacuum packaging.                             c. Carcass chilling.
b.  Hot boning. *                                      d. Electrical stimulation.

7.        The toughening of meat during hot boning has been combatted by

a.   following hot boning with electrical stimulation.*
b.  tenderizing the meat.
c.   using electrical stimulation before hot boning.
d.  removing only the edible muscle and fat prerigor.

8.        The word "bovine" in line 3 is nearest in meaning to

a.   Cold.                                                 c. Beef.*
b.  Electrically stimulated.                     d. Pork.

9.        The word "this" in line 16 refers to

a.    Hot boning.*
b.    Hot boning following electrical stimulation.
c.    Rigor mortis.
d.    Removing edible muscle and fat prerigor.

10.      In line 3, the word "carcass" is closest in meaning to

a.   Deboned meat.                                  c. Refrigerator.
b.  Body.*                                                d. Fat.

11.       The word "considerable" in line 4 is closest in meaning to

a.    Frigid.                                             c. Lesser.
b.    Kind.                                                d. Substantial.*

12.      One reason it is recommended to remove bones before refrigerating is that

 a.    It makes the meat more tender.
b.    The bones are able to be used for other purposes.
c.    It increases chilling time.
d.    It saves cooling space by not refrigerating parts that will be discarded.*

13.      The word "trimmable in line 4 is nearest in meaning to

a.    Unsaturated.                                             c. Unhealthy.
b.    Removable. *                                              d. Chillable.

1. The word "accentuated" in sentence 2 is closest in meaning to.

a. speeded up
b. de-emphasized
c. caused
d. highlighted.*
2. All of the following are mentioned as drawbacks of the conventional method of boning EXCEPT
a. Energy waste
b. Toughness of meat*
c. Storage space requirements
d. Loss of carcass weight
3.  In sentence 2, the word "pressure" is closest in meaning to
a. Flavor
b. Urgency*
c. Weight
d. cooking texture
4. Hot boning is becoming very popular because
a. it helps conserve energy and is less expensive than conventional methods*
b. meat tastes better when the bone is adequately seared along with the meat
c. it causes meat to be very tender
d. it reduces the weight of the carcass
5. In sentence 4, "carcass" is nearest in meaning to
a. early excision
b. a method of boning meat
c. electrical stimulation of beef
d. a refrigerator for the animal body*
6.  In sentence 7, "early excision" is closest in meaning to
a. vacuum packaging
b. carcass chilling
c. hot boning*
d. electrical stimulation
7. The toughening of meat during hot boning has been combatted by
a. following hot boning with electrical stimulation*
b. removing only the edible muscle and fat prerigor
c. using electrical stimulation before hot boning
d. tenderizing the meat
8. The word "bovine" in sentence 2 is nearest in meaning to
a. Cold
b. Pork
c. Beef*
d. electrically stimulated
9. The word "this" in sentence 10 refers to
a. removing edible muscle and fat prerigor
b. rigor mortis
c. hot boning following electrical stimulation
d. hot boning*
10.  In sentence 2, the word "carcass" is closest in meaning to
a. Fat
b. Body*
c. Refrigerator
d. deboned meat
11. The word "considerable" in sentence 3 is closest in meaning to
a. Frigid
b. Substantial*
c. Kind
d. Lesser
12. One reason it is recommended to remove bones before refrigerating is that
a. it saves cooling space by not refrigerating parts that will be discarded*
b. it increases chilling time
c. the bones are able to be used for other purposes
d. it makes the meat more tender
13.  The word "trimmable'' in sentence 3 is nearest in meaning to
a. Unsaturated
b. Removable*
c. chillable
d. unhealthy
14. The word "utensils" is closed in meaning to
a. Gadgets
b. Weapons
c. Hammers
d. Cutlery*
15. The word "adept" is closed in meaning to
a. Cultivated
b. Agreeable
c. cumbersome
d. proficient*
16. The word "morsel" is closed in meaning to
a. Meat
b. Food
c. Piece*
d. Spoon
17. The phrase "scooping up" is closed in meaning to
a. hoisting up
b. packing up
c. messing up
 d. picking up*
18. The word "tines" is closed in meaning to
a. Bowls
b. Blades
c. Prongs*
d. Handles
19. The word "persists" is closed in meaning to
a. Impresses
b. Prevails*
c. Traces
d. Operates
20. Into how many periods was the Stone Age divided?
a. 4
b. 2
c. 3*
d. 5
21. The word "derived" is closet in meaning to...............
a. Hallucinated
b. Originated*
c. Destroyed
d. Discussed
22. Which of the following was developed earliest?
a. Pottery
b. Fish hook
c. Bow and arrow*
d. Hatchet
23. Which of the following developments is NOT related to the conditions of the Ice Age?
a. Living indoors
b. Using fire
c. Farming*
d. Clothing
24. The word "crude" is closest in meaning to...............
a. Vulgar
b. Primitive*
c. Complex
d. Extravagant
25. The author stats that the Stone Age was so named because.....
a. It was very durable like stone
b. the people lived in stone caves
c. the tools and weapons were made of stones*
d. there was little vegetation
26.  "Nomadic" is closest meaning to................
a. Sedentary
b. Primitive*
c. Inquisitive
d. Wandering
27. With what subject is the passage mainly concerned ?
a. The Ice Age
b. The Stone Age
c. The paleolithic Age*
 d. The Neolithic Age
28. Which of the following best describes the Mesolithic Age?
a. People were warriors.
b. People were crude.
c. People stayed indoors all the time.
d. People were inventive.*
29. The word "eras" is closest in meaning to...................
a. Tools
b. Herds
c. families
d. periods*
30. With what topic does this passage primarily deal?
a. The importance of the chemical industry.*
b. Advantages of biological agents over chemical ones.
c. A proposal to ban the use of all herbicides.
d. The dangers of toxic chemicals.
31. The word "Marring" in line 2 is closest in meaning to
a. Spoiling*
b. Dividing
c. Replacing
d. Planting
32. The word "clog" in line 3 is closest in meaning to
a. Drain
b. Obstruct*
c. grow along
d. float on
33. Which of the following terms does the author deftne in the ftrst paragraph?
a. Nutrients
b. Wildlife habitats
c. Weeds*
d. Grazing areas
34. Which of the following statements about the use of chemical agents as herbicides would the author
most likely agree?
a. It should be increased.
b. It has become more dangerous recently.
c. It is occasionally required.*
d. It is safe but inefftcient.
35. Which of the following is NOT given as an advantage of biological agents over chemical
herbicides?
a. They are more easily available.*
b. They do not have to be used as often.
c. They are safer for workers.
d. They are less likely to destroy desirable plants.
36. Which of the following is closest in meaning to the word "Hence" in line 16?
a. In addition
b. In contrast
c. Consequently*
d. Consequently
37.  The word "innate" in line 17 is closest in meaning to
a. active
 b. effective
c. organic
d. natural*
38. According to the passage, biological agents consist mainly of
a. Weeds
b. useful plants
c. herbicides
d. insects and microorganisms*
39.  The word "those" in line 23 refers to
a. Chemicals
b. Agents
c. Plants*
d. targets
40. The word "applications" in line 25 could best be replaced by which of the following?
a. Requests
b. Treatments*
c. Qualifications
d. Special purposes
41.  Which of the following best describes the organization of the passage?
a. A problem is described, and possible solutions are discussed.*
b. A general idea is introduced, and several specific examples are given.
c. A recommendation is analyzed and rejected.
d. Two possible causes for a phenomenon are compared.

20. What does the passage mainly discuss?

(A) The mass migration of ants
(B) How ants mark and follow a chemical trail *
(C) Different species of ants around the world
(D) The information contained in pheromones
21. The word “forage” in line 1 is closest in meaning to
(A) look up
(B) walk toward
(C) revolve around
(D) search for food *
22. The word “intermittently” in live 4 is closest in meaning to
(A) periodically*
(B) incorrectly
(C) rapidly
(D) roughly
.
23. The phrase “the one” in line 8 refers to a single
(A) message*
(B) dead ant
(C) food trail
(D) species
.
24. According to the passage, why do ants use different compounds as trail pheromones?
(A) To reduce their sensitivity to some chemicals
(B) To attract different types of ants
(C) To protect their trail from other species*
(D) To indicate how far away the food is
.
25. The author mentions the trail pheromone of the leafcutter ant in line 11 to point out
(A) how little pheromone is needed to mark a trail*
(B) the different types of pheromones ants can produce
(C) a type of ant that is common in many parts of the world

(D) that certain ants can produce up to one milligram of pheromone

.
26. According to the passage, how are ants guided by trail pheromones?
(A) They concentrate on the smell of food.
(B) They follow an ant who is familiar with the trail
(C) They avoid the vapor spaces by moving in a straight line.
(D) They sense the vapor through their antennae.*
.
27. The word “furnish” in line 16 is closest in meaning to
(A) include
(B) provide*
(C) cover
(D) select
.
28. The word “oscillating “ in line 17 is closest in meaning to
(A) falling
(B) depositing
(C) swinging*
(D) starting
.
29. According to the passage, the highest amount of pheromone vapor is found
(A) in the receptors of the ants
(B) just above the trail*
(C) in the source of food
(D) under the soil along the trail

10. The passage mainly discusses which of the following aspects of the life of Archaic peoples?
(A) The principal sources of food that made up their diet
(B) Their development of ground stone tool technology
(C) Their development of agriculture
(D) Their distribution of work between men and women

Jawaban: 
11. The word “these” in line 13 refers to
(A) seeds
(B) river valleys
(C) the Midwest and the Southeast
(D) experimentation and domestication
Pembahasan Jawaban
Tipe Soal: Reference Question (Pertanyaan ini menginginkan Anda untuk mengidentifikasi noun
yang diganti menjadi sebuah pronoun)
Cara Jawab: temukan noun yang terletak sebelum pronoun 'these'.

--> The earliest cultivation seems to have taken place along the river valleys of the Midwest and
the Southeast, with experimentation beginning as early as 7,000 years ago
and domestication beginning 4,000 to 2,000 years ago. Although the term “Neolithic” is not used
in North American prehistory, these were the first steps toward the same major subsistence
changes that took place during the Neolithic (8,000-2,000 B.C.) period elsewhere in the world.

Dapat kita identifikasi bahwa pilihan yang paling tepat ialah pilihan D.

12 According to the passage, when did the domestication of plants begin in North America?
(A) 7,000 years ago
(B) 4,000 to 2,000 years ago
(C) Long after the Neolithic period
(D) Before the Archaic period
Pembahasan Jawaban
Tipe Soal: Factual Question (Pertanyaan seperti ini menginginkan Anda untuk menemukan
informasi spesifik yg ada dalam passage).
Cara Jawab: Temukan kalimat yang berisi informasi spesifik sesuai yang dinyatakan pada
pertanyaan.
Keyword: domestication of plants begin
--> The earliest cultivation seems to have taken place along the river valleys of the Midwest and the
Southeast, with experimentation beginning as early as 7,000 years ago and domestication beginning
4,000 to 2,000 years ago. 

Jadi jawaban paling tepat ialah pilihan B. 

13. The word “adequate” in line 18 is closest in meaning to

(A) sufficient
(B) healthful
(C) varied
(D) dependable
Pembahasan Jawaban
Tipe Soal: Vocabulary-in-Context Question (Pertanyaan ini menginginkan Anda mengidentifikasi
arti dari kata yang digunakan dalam passage)
Cara Jawab: Sesuaikan makna jawaban dengan konteks kalimat.

'Adequate' merupakan sinonim dari 'sufficient'.

14. According to the passage, which of the following was a possible motive for the cultivation of
plants in eastern North America?
(A) Lack of enough wild food sources
(B) The need to keep trees from growing close to settlements
(C) Provision of work for an increasing population
(D) Desire for the consistent availability of food
Pembahasan Jawaban
Tipe Soal: Factual Question (Pertanyaan seperti ini menginginkan Anda untuk menemukan
informasi spesifik yg ada dalam passage).
Cara Jawab: Temukan kalimat yang berisi informasi spesifik sesuai yang dinyatakan pada
pertanyaan.
Keyword: motive
--> there is little evidence that people lacked adequate wild food resources. (Pilihan A)
--> Increasing predictability of food supplies may have been a motive. (Pilihan D)

Bisa ditemukan bahwa pilihan A telah dibantah dalam passage (there is little evidence ....). Olehnya
pilihan jawaban terbaik ialah D.

15. The phrase “rather than” in line 21 is closest in meaning to

(A) in addition to
(B) instead of
(C) as a replacement
(D) such as
Pembahasan Jawaban
Tipe Soal: Vocabulary-in-Context Question (Pertanyaan ini menginginkan Anda mengidentifikasi
arti dari kata yang digunakan dalam passage)
Cara Jawab: Sesuaikan makna jawaban dengan konteks kalimat.

'Rather than' merupakan sinonim dari 'instead of'.

16. The plant “sumpweed” is mentioned in line 25 in order to

(A) contrast a plant with high nutritional value with one with little nutritional value
(B) explain the medicinal use of a plant
(C) clarify which plants grew better in places where trees were not cut down
(D) provide an example of a plant that was easy to domesticate
Pembahasan Jawaban
Tipe Soal: Factual Question (Pertanyaan seperti ini menginginkan Anda untuk menemukan
informasi spesifik yg ada dalam passage).
Cara Jawab: Temukan kalimat yang berisi informasi spesifik sesuai yang dinyatakan pada
pertanyaan.
Keyword: sumpweed
--> By the end of the Archaic era, people in eastern North America had domesticated certain
native plants, including sunflowers; weeds called goosefoot, sumpweed, or marsh elder; and
squash or gourds of some kind. 

'Including' menunjukkan sebuah contoh (example). Pilihan tepat ialah D.

17. The word “thrived” in line 26 is closest in meaning to

(A) stayed
(B) originated
(C) grew well
(D) died out
Pembahasan Jawaban
Tipe Soal: Vocabulary-in-Context Question (Pertanyaan ini menginginkan Anda mengidentifikasi
arti dari kata yang digunakan dalam passage)
Cara Jawab: Sesuaikan makna jawaban dengan konteks kalimat.

'Thrived' merupakan sinonim dari 'grew well''.

18. According to the passage, which of the following is true about all early domesticated plants?
(A) They were varieties of weeds.
(B) They were moved from disturbed areas.
(C) They succeeded in areas with many trees.
(D) They failed to grow in trampled or damaged areas.
Pembahasan Jawaban
Tipe Soal: Factual Question (Pertanyaan seperti ini menginginkan Anda untuk menemukan
informasi spesifik yg ada dalam passage).
Cara Jawab: Temukan kalimat yang berisi informasi spesifik sesuai yang dinyatakan pada
pertanyaan.
Keyword: early domesticated plants
--> One archaeologist has pointed out that the early domesticated plants were all weedy species that
do well in open, disturbed habitats, the kind that would form around human settlements where
people cut down trees, trample the ground, deposit trash, and dig holes.

19. According to the passage, it is thought that most of the people who began cultivating plants were
(A) medical workers
(B) leaders of ceremonies
(C) women
(D) hunters
Pembahasan Jawaban
Tipe Soal: Factual Question (Pertanyaan seperti ini menginginkan Anda untuk menemukan
informasi spesifik yg ada dalam passage).
Cara Jawab: Temukan kalimat yang berisi informasi spesifik sesuai yang dinyatakan pada
pertanyaan.
Keyword:  people who began cultivating plants were
--> Women in the Archaic communities were probably the main experimenters with cultivation,
because ethnoarchaeological evidence tells us that women were the main collectors of plant food and
had detailed knowledge of plants.
'experimenters with cultivation' mewakili makna 'began cultivating plants'.

13.  In which of the following publications would this passage be most likely to appear?
(A) an anthology of English literature
(B) an introductory American history book
(C) a book about Eastern religions
(D) a basic math textbook
Pembahasan Jawaban:
Cara menjawab soal seperti ini (menanyakn topik bacaan) ialah cukup dengan membaca kalimat
pertama setiap paragraf. Kadang juga kalimat terakhir dari paragraf pertama dan kalimat pertama
untuk paragraf selanjutnya.

14.  The word 'their' in line 4 refers to:

(A) trappings
(B) preachers
(C) religious services
(D) the Friends
Pembahasan Jawaban:
Soal ini terkait 'pronoun referent' yang menanyakan ke noun yang mana sebuah pronoun (kata
ganti) menunjuk.
Untuk menjawab soal seperti ini, Anda mesti melihat kata-kata sebelum 'their' yang berbentuk
jamak.
--> The Friends were silent at their meetings, waiting for the "inward light". 

Nampak bahwa hanya kata 'the friends' yang terletak sebelum 'their' sementara pilihan lain terletak
setelahnya. 

15.  The word 'persecuted' in line 10 in closest in meaning to:

(A) scrutinized
(B) lauded
(C) harassed
(D) believed
Pembahasan Jawaban:
scrutinized --> to examine something very carefully in order to discover information
laud --> to praise
harass --> to continue to annoy or upset someone over a period of time
prosecute --> to treat someone unfairly or cruelly over a long period of time because of their race,
religion, or political beliefs or to annoy someone by refusing to leave them alone

Dari bebarapa pengertian di atas kata yang paling sesuai dg makna 'persecuted' ialah 'harassed'.

16.  Where in the passage does the author give an example of Quaker involvement in social issues?
(A) lines 3 - 4
(B) lines 9 - 10
(C) lines 16 - 17
(D) lines 19 - 20
Pembahasan Jawaban:
-> During and after the Revolution, Friends concerned themselves with the plight of Native
Americans. (lines 16 - 17)
Pertanyaan ini meminta Anda untuk menentukan di mana (baris ke berapa) suatu informasi
ditemukan atau dibahas. 
Cara menjawab soal yg seperti ini ialah memahami terlebih dahulu ide pokok yang ada
dipertanyaan. Kemudian eliminasilah jawaban satu persatu. 
Metode yang baik digunakan ialah 'skimming'. Temukan 'keyword' pada pertanyaan dan carilah
pada setiap baris (sesua dg pilihan jawaban). 

17.  Which of the following would be an example of "the outward trappings associated with
Christianity" referred to in lines 6 - 7?
(A) clergy
(B) silent, leaderless worship
(C) concern for social reform
(D) the doctrine of "God in every man"
Pembahasan Jawaban:
Soal ini sedikit mudah untuk ditemukan pada text (bacaan) karena keywordnya 'the outward
trappings associated with Christianity' pada pertanyaan 100% ditemukan pada bacaan. 
--> They believed people should sense God inside of themselves, without church buildings,
appointed preachers, written liturgy, or many of the outward trappings associated with Christianity.

church buildings, preachers, liturgy berhubungan dengan clergy. 

18.  It can be inferred from the passage that early Quakers experienced official persecution because:
(A) they were known for "quaking" during religious services
(B) they helped found the state of Pennsylvania
(C) they came to America from England
(D) their religious beliefs were considered subversive
Pembahasan Jawaban:
Keyword pada pertanyaan ialah 'persecution'. dari teks bacaan dapat ditemukan kalimat yg
memuatnya.
--> 'Quakers experienced much official persecution, including imprisonment and execution, for their
belief that worship of God should be very personal. '

19.  Why does the author mention 'execution' in line 11?

(A) It is an example of the persecution Quakers faced
(B) It is an outward trapping of Christianity
(C) This serves as an example of William Penn's policies
(D) Many religions were concerned with this issue
Pembahasan Jawaban:
--> Quakers experienced much official persecution, including imprisonment and execution, for
their belief that worship of God should be very personal.
including = termasuk

20.  The paragraph after this passage would most likely be about:
(A) the decline of the Quaker population since World War I

(B) The similarities and differences between Quakers and Puritans

(C) Ways in which Quakers today show concern for others
(D) Social reforms enacted by Quakers during American Revolution
Pembahasan Jawaban:
Soal ini menanyakan topik apa yang akan menjadi pembahasan pada paragraf selanjutnya. Anda
mesti menarik kesimpulan secara tersirat (not directly stated).
Cara menjawab soal ini ialah dengan melihat bagian akhir dari kalimat akhir pada paragraf terakhir.
--> They continued to be known for their efforts at social reform.
sesuai dengan 'Ways in which Quakers today show concern for others'

21.  From the passage, it can be inferred that the Puritans were:
(A) Friends
(B) persecuted
(C) intolerant
(D) executed
Pembahasan Jawaban:
Keyword dari pertanyaan ialah 'Puritants'
--> Quakers were persecuted by Puritans. Quakers experienced much official persecuted by Puritans.
Dari kalimat dari baccan yang memuat 'Puritants' tampak bahwa 'Puritants' tidak punya toleransi yg
baik (intolerant).

22.  The word 'penchant' in the line 12 most nearly means:

(A) appreciation
(B) propensity
(C) disinclination
(D) proposition
Pembahasan Jawaban:
penchant --> a liking for, an enjoyment of, or a habit of doing something, especially something that
other people might not like
propensity --> a tendency towards a particular way of behaving, especially a bad one
disinclination --> a feeling of not wanting to do something

23.  Why did the American Quaker population surge after William Penn founded Pennsylvania?
(A) Pennsylvania tolerated the Quaker religion
(B) Pennsylvania forbade religions other than Quakerism
(C) The Pennsylvania government tried to help escaped slaves
(D) Social reform was important to most Americans
Pembahasan Jawaban:
Keyword dari pertanyaan ialah 'Quaker population surge'
--> The American Quaker population surged after 1682 when Quaker William Penn founded the
state of Pennsylvania as a haven for Quakers and a "holy experiment" in religious toleration.

1. What does the passage mainly discuss?

(A) The effect of the tides on Europe's interior
(B) Temperature variations on Jupiter's moons
(C) Discoveries leading to a theory about one of Jupiter's moons
(D) Techniques used by Voyager 2 to obtain close-up images
Pembahasan Jawaban
Skill: Main Idea Question (Pertanyaan Ide Pokok)
Cara menjawab ide pokok ialah dengan melihat kalimat pertama setiap paragraf.

2. The word "intriguing" in line 5 is closest in meaning to

(A) changing
(B) perfect
(C) visible
(D) fascinating
Pembahasan Jawaban
Skill: Vocabulary Question (Pertanyaan tentang pemahaman kosakata)
Cara menjawab soal kosakata ialah dengan menyesuaikan konteks makna kalimat dari kosakata
yang ditanyakan.

3. In line 7, the author mentions "cracks in an eggshell" in order to help readers

(A) visualize Europe as scientists saw it in the Voyager 2 images

(B) appreciate the extensive and detailed information available by viewing Europe from far away
(C) understand the relationship of Europe to the solar system
(D) recognize the similarity of Europe to Jupiter's other moons
Pembahasan Jawaban
Cara menjawab soal seperti ini ialah dengan memahami kalimat di mana phrase tersebut dan
kalimat-kalimat sebelumnya.
Then came the close-up images obtained by the exploratory spacecraft Voyager 2, and within
days, Europe was transformed--in our perception, at least--into one of the solar system's most
intriguing worlds. The biggest initial surprise was the almost total lack of detail, especially from
far away. Even at close range, the only visible features are thin, kinked brown lines
resembling cracks in an eggshell.

4. It can be inferred from the passage that astronomy textbooks prior to 1979
(A) provided many contradictory statistics about Europe
(B) considered Europe the most important of Jupiter's moons
(C) did not emphasize Europe because little information of interest was available
(D) did not mention Europe because it had not yet been discovered
Pembahasan Jawaban: Jawaban terdapat pada sebagian besar paragraf pertama.
Europe is the smallest of planet Jupiter's four largest moons and the second moon out from
Jupiter. Until 1979, it was just another astronomy textbook statistic. Then came the close-up
images obtained by the exploratory spacecraft Voyager 2, and within days, Europe was
transformed--in our perception, at least--into one of the solar system's most intriguing
worlds. The biggest initial surprise was the almost total lack of detail,  especially from far away. 

5. What does the author mean by stating in line 7 that "this analogy is not far off the mark"?
(A) The definition is not precise.
(B) The discussion lacks necessary information.
(C) The differences are probably significant.
(D) The comparison is quite appropriate.
Pembahasan Jawaban: Pahami kalimat dari phrase dan kalimat-kalimat sebelumnya.
Even at close range, the only visible features are thin, kinked brown lines resembling cracks in an
eggshell. And this analogy is not far off the mark.

6. It can be inferred from the passage that Europe and Antarctica have in common which of the
following?
(A) Both appear to have a surface with many craters.
(B) Both may have water beneath a thin, hard surface.
(C) Both have an ice cap that is melting rapidly.
(D) Both have areas encased by a rocky exterior.
Pembahasan Jawaban: complete absence (betul-betul tidak ada)
The surface of Europe is almost pure water ice, but a nearly complete absence of craters indicates
that Europe's surface ice resembles Earth's Antarctic ice cap.

7. The word "endless" in line 14 is closest in meaning to

(A) new
(B) final
(C) temporary
(D) continuous
Pembahasan Jawaban: endless (tak berujung) = continuous (berkelanjutan)

8. According to the passage, what is the effect of Jupiter's other large moons on Europe?
(A) They prevent Europe's subsurface waters from freezing.
(B) They prevent tides that could damage Europe's surface.
(C) They produce the very hard layer of ice that characterizes Europe.
(D) They assure that the gravitational pull on Europe is maintained at a steady level.
Pembahasan Jawaban: Jawaban terdapat pada kalimat Jupiter's early heat was produced by the
compression of the material forming the giant planet.

9 According to the passage, what is believed to cause the thin lines seen on Europa’s surface?
(A) A long period of extremely high tides
(B) Water breaking through from beneath the surface ice 
(C) The continuous pressure of slush on top of the ice
(D) Heat generated by the hot rocky core

32. The word "scattered" in line 2 is closest in meaning toD

(A) widely known
(B) usually estimated
(C) rarely inhabited
(D) irregularly distributed

33. Why does the author mention New population of the Pacific York City in line 5?
(A) To emphasize how small the Islands is
(B) To emphasize the extreme distances between the Pacific Islands and other regions
(C) To note the economic ties of the Pacific Islands to other regions
(D) To note the lack of urban environments on the Pacific Islands

34.The phrase "by virtue of" in line 6 is closest in meaning to

(A) regarding
(B) because of
(C) taking advantage of
(D) in place of

35. The word "circumscribed" in line 7 is closest in meaning to

(A) located
(B) flooded
(C) restricted
(D) pushed

36. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as evidence used to determine the origins of Pacific
Islands people?
(A) Oral histories
(B) Plant dispersal
(C) Linguistics
(D) Archaeology

37. According to the-passage, where did the original inhabitants of the Pacific Islands come from?
(A) South America
(B) Hawaii
(C) New Zealand
(D) Asia

38.The word "It” in line 16 refers to

(A) Pacific
(B) process
(C) isolated place
(D) Earth

39. The word "indeterminate" in line 18 is closest in meaning to

(A) undecided
(B) uncertain
(C) unacceptable
(D) increasing

40. The passage is most likely followed by a discussion of

(A) how settlers adapted to newly discovered Pacific Ocean Islands

(B) the design and construction of canoes used in the Pacific Islands
(C) the characteristics sties of reefs in the Pacific Islands
(D) how early explorers of the Pacific Ocean found their way from island to island

22. What does the passage mainly discuss?

(A) Reasons for the failure to understand the written records of Old European culture
(B) Influences on the development of Old European script
(C) Similarities between Old European script and other ancient writing systems
(D) Events leading to the discovery of Old European script

23. According to the passage, New Elamite is

(A) a language that was written in the cuneiform script
(B) a modem language that came from Old Persian
(C) one of the languages spoken by the Old Europeans
(D) a language that was understood by the late eighteenth century

24. According to the passage, scholarswere able to decipher cuneiform script with the help of
(A) the Sumerian, Akkadian, and Babylonian languages
(B) Old Persian
(C) tablets written in Old European
(D) a language spoken in eighteenth century Iran

25. The word “fortuitous” in line 5 is closet in meaning to

(A) important
(B) sudden
(C) early
(D) lucky

26. The word "them" in line 6 refers to

(A) Sumerian, Akkadian, and Babylonian
(B) bilingual inscriptions
(C) cuneiform tablets
(D) scholars

27. When does the passage suggest that ancient Egyptian hieroglypttic script was finally deciphered?
(A) At around the same time as cuneiform script was deciphered
(B) Shortly before the Rosetta stone was unearthed
(C) As soon as additional bilingual inscriptions became available to scholars
(D) A few decades after the hieratic script was decoded

28. According to the passage, which of the following is true of the Rosetta stone?
(A) It was found by scholars trying to decode ancient languages.
(B) It contains two versions of hieroglyphic script.
(C) Several of its inscriptions were decoded within a few months of its discovery.
(D) Most of its inscriptions have still not been decoded.

29. The word "thwarted" in line 14 is closest in meaning to

(A) continued
(B) influenced
(C) encouraged
(D) frustrated

30. According to the passage, Indo-European incursions caused Old European populations to
(A) separate into different tribes
(B) move eastward
(C) change their ways of living obtaining food
(D) start recording historical events in Writing

31. The author mentions the Balkans in the passage in order to explain why
(A) Indo-European languages were slow to spread in Old Europe
(B) the inhabitants of Old Europe were not able to prevent Indo-European incursions
(C) the use of the Old European script declined
(D) the Old European culture survived for a time after the Indo-European incursions

39. What does the passage mainly discuss?

(A) How cities in the United States began and developed
(B) Solutions to overcrowding in cities
(C) The changing definition of an urban area 
(D) How the United States Census Bureau conducts a census

40. According to the passage, the population of the United States was first classified as rural or
urban in
(A) 1870 
(B) 1900
(C) 1950
(D) 1970

41. The word “distinguished”in line 3 is closest in meaning to

(A) differentiated
(B) removed
(C) honored
(D) protected

42. Prior to 1900, how many inhabitants would a town have to have before being defined as urban?
(A) 2,500
(B) 8,000
(C) 15,000
(D) 50,000

43. According to the passage, why did the Census Bureau revise the definition of urban in 1950?
(A) City borders had become less distinct. 
(B) Cities had undergone radical social change.
(C) Elected officials could not agree on an acceptable definition.
(D) New businesses had relocated to larger cities.

44. The word “those”in line 9 refers to

(A) boundaries
(B) persons
(C) units
(D) areas

45. The word “constituting” in line 16 is closest in meaning to

(A) located near
(B) determined by
(C) calling for
(D) making up 

46. The word “which ” in line 18 refers to a smaller

(A) population
(B) city 
(C) character
(D) figure

47. Which of the following is NOT true of an SMSA?

(A) It has a population of at least 50,000
(B) It can include a city's outlying regions.
(C) It can include unincorporated regions.
(D) It consists of at least two cities. 

48. By 1970, what proportion of the population in the United States did NOT live in an SMSA?
(A) 3/4
(B) 2/3
(C) 1/2
(D) 1/3 

49. The Census Bureau first used the term “SMSA” in

(A) 1900
(B) 1950 
(C) 1969
(D) 1970

50. Where in the passage does the author mention names used by social scientists for an urban area?
(A) Lines 4-5
(B) Line 7-8
(C) Line 21-23
(D) Line 27-29

31. What does the passage mainly discuss?

(A) The explanation of an interesting phenomenon 
(B) Miracles in modern science
(C) Procedures in scientific investigation
(D) The differences between biology and physics

32. The word “process”in line 10 refers to

(A) the righting of a tumbling cat 
(B) the cat's fall slowed down
(C) high-speed photography
(D) a scientific experiment

33. Why are the photographs mentioned in line 16 referred to as an “experiment”?

(A) The photographs were not very clear.
(B) The purpose of the photographs was to explain the process.
(C) The photographer used inferior equipment.
(D) The photographer thought the cat might be injured.

34. Which of the following can be inferred about high-speed photography in the late 1800's ?
(A) It was a relatively new technology. 
(B) The necessary equipment was easy to obtain.
(C) The resulting photographs are difficult to interpret.
(D) It was not fast enough to provide new information.

35. The word “rotates” in line 19 is closest in meaning to

(A) drops
(B) turns 
(C) controls
(D) touches

36. According to the passage, a cat is able to right itself in midair because it is
(A) frightened
(B) small
(C) intelligent
(D) flexible 

37. The word “readily”in line 24 is closest in meaning to

(A) only
(B) easily
(C) slowly
(D) certainly

38. How did scientists increase “the speed of their perceptions a thousandfold”(lines 25-26)?
(A) By analyzing photographs 
(B) By observing a white cat in a dark room
(C) By dropping a cat from a greater height
(D) By studying Newton's laws of motion

20. What does the passage mainly discuss?

(A) Causes of food spoilage
(B) Commercial production of ice
(C) Inventions that led to changes in the American diet 
(D) Population movements in the nineteenth century

21. The phrase “in season” in line 2 refers to

(A) a kind of weather
(B) a particular time of year 
(C) an official schedule
(D) a method of flavoring food

22. The word “prevent” in line 4 is closest in meaning to

(A) estimate
(B) avoid 
(C) correct
(D) confine

23. During the 1860's, canned food products were

(A) unavailable in rural areas
(B) shipped in refrigerator cars
(C) available in limited quantities 
(D) a staple part of the American diet
24. It can be inferred that railroad refrigerator cars came into use
(A) before 1860
(B) before 1890 
(C) after 1900
(D) after 1920

25. The word “them ” in line 14 refers to

(A) refrigerator cars
(B) perishables 
(C) growers
(D) distances

26. The word “fixture” in line 20 is closest in meaning to

(A) luxury item
(B) substance
(C) commonplace object 
(D) mechanical device

27. The author implies that in the 1920's and 1930's home deliveries of ice
(A) decreased in number 
(B) were on an irregular schedule
(C) increased in cost
(D) occurred only in the summer

28. The word “Nevertheless” in line 24 is closest in meaning to

(A) therefore
(B) because
(C) occasionally
(D) however 

29. Which of the following types of food preservation was NOT mentioned in the passage?
(A) Drying
(B) Canning
(C) Cold storage
(D) Chemical additives 

30. Which of the following statements is supported by the passage?

(A) Tin cans and iceboxes helped to make many foods more widely available. 

(B) Commercial ice factories were developed by railroad owners.

(C) Most farmers in the United States raised only fruits and vegetables.
(D) People who lived in cities demanded home delivery of foods.

1. The word “medium”in line 5 could be used to refer to

(A) stone or wood 
(B) mallet and chisel
(C) technique
(D) principle

2. What is one of the fundamental principles of direct carving?

(A) A sculptor must work with talented assistants.
(B) The subject of a sculpture should be derived from classical stories.
(C) The material is an important element in a sculpture. 
(D) Designing a sculpture is a more creative activity than carving it.

3. The word “dictates” in line 8 is closest in meaning to

(A) reads aloud
(B) determines
(C) includes
(D) records

4. How does direct carving differ from the nineteenth-century tradition of sculpture?
(A) Sculptors are personally involved in the carving of a piece. 

(B) Sculptors find their inspiration in neoclassical sources.

(C) Sculptors have replaced the mallet and chisel with other tools.
(D) Sculptors receive more formal training.

5.The word “witnessed” in line 23 is closest in meaning to

(A) influenced
(B) studied
(C) validated
(D) observed 

6. Where did Robert Laurent learn to carve?

(A) New York
(B) Africa
(C) The South Pacific
(D) Paris 

7. The phrase “a break with ”in line 30 is closest in meaning to

(A) a destruction of
(B) a departure from 
(C) a collapse of
(D) a solution to

8. The piece titled The Priestess has all of the following characteristics EXCEPT
(A) The design is stylized.
(B) It is made of marble. 
(C) The carving is not deep.
(D) It depicts the front of a person.

1. What does the passage mainly discuss?

(A) The architecture of public buildings
(B) An architectural pioneer*
(C) New England architecture
(D) principles of architecture

2. The phrase “taken to heart” in lines 1-2 is closest in meaning to which of the following?
(A) Taken seriously
(B) Criticized
(C) Memorized*
(D) Taken offence
 3. The word “admonition” in line 2 is closest in meaning to
(A) monition*
(B) support
(C) discussion
(D) consideration

4. The word “entities” in line 3 is closest in meaning to

(A) principles
(B) existences*
(C) subtractions
(D) properties

5. In what way did Wright's public buildings differ from most of those built by earlier
architects?
(A) They were built on a larger scale.
(B) Their materials came from the southern United States.
(C) They looked more like private homes.
(D) Their designs were based on how they would be used.*

6. The author mentions the Unity Temple because it

(A) was Wright's first building
(B) influenced the architecture of subsequent churches*
(C) demonstrated traditional ecclesiastical architecture
(D) was the largest church Wright ever designed

7. Which of the following statements best reflects one of Frank Lloyd Wright's architectural
principles?
(A) Beautiful design is more important than utility.
(B) Ecclesiastical architecture should be derived from traditional designs.
(C) A building should fit into its surroundings.*
(D) The architecture of public buildings does not need to be revolutionary.

8. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a type of structure Frank Lloyd Wright made ?
(A) houses
(B) factories
(C) southern plantations*
(D) churches
2. 1. Which of the following questions does the passage answer?
(A) Where can the oldest lichen be found?
(B) How long does it take for lichens to establish themselves?
(C) How large can lichens he?
(D) Where do lichens usually occur?
Kunci Jawaban: (D) Where do lichens usually occur?
Tipe soal: Main Idea Question
Cara Jawab: Cukup lihat baris pertama setiap paragraf (juga biasa di kalimat terakhir
paragraf pertama)
-->
Paragraf 1: Lichens live where virtually nothing else can
Paragraf 2: Lichens are famous for their ability to survive
Paragraf 3: Lichens use little energy

2. The word "hardiest" in line 1 is closest in meaning to

 (A) most unusual
(B) most basic
(C) most abundant
(D) most vigorous
Kunci Jawaban: (D) most vigorous
Tipe Soal: Vocabulary in Context Question (Pertanyaan ini menginginkan Anda
mengidentifikasi arti dari kata yang digunakan dalam passage)
Cara Jawab: (1)Temukan sinonim dari kata yang dipertanyakan; (2) Jika dalam pilihan
jawaban terdapat lebih dari 1 sinonim, sesuaikan makna jawaban dengan konteks kalimat
-> hardiest = most vigorous = strongest

3. The word "framework" in line 4 is closest in meaning to

(A) structure
(B) fragment
(C) condition
(D)environment
Kunci Jawaban: (A) structure
Tipe Soal: Vocabulary in Context Question (Pertanyaan ini menginginkan Anda
mengidentifikasi arti dari kata yang digunakan dalam passage)
Cara Jawab: (1)Temukan sinonim dari kata yang dipertanyakan; (2) Jika dalam pilihan
jawaban terdapat lebih dari 1 sinonim, sesuaikan makna jawaban dengan konteks kalimat
-> framework = structure

4, The author mentions "the green film of plant life that grows on stagnant pools" (lines 5-6)
in order to explain
(A) how the sun affects lichens
(B) why plants depend on water
(C) where fungi become algae
(D) what algae are
Kunci Jawaban: (D) what algae are
Tipe soal: Factual Information Question (learner diminta u/ mengidentifikasi informasi
spesifik yg secara explicit ditampilkan dalam passage)
Cara Jawab: Temukan kalimat yang berisi informasi spesifik sesuai yang dinyatakan pada
pertanyaan.
--> 
he other component is an alga (similar to the green film of plant life that grows on stagnant
pools) that is distributed throughout the fungus.

5. It can be inferred from the passage that lichens use less energy and grow more slowly when
(A) the environment is polluted
(B) they are exposed to ultraviolet rays
(C) they are very old
(D) the supply of water is inadequate
Kunci Jawaban: (D) the supply of water is inadequate
Tipe Soal: Inference Question (learner diminta u/ mengidentifikasi informasi spesifik yg
TIDAK secara explicit ditampilkan dalam passage)
3.
Cara Jawab: (1) Jika sebuah effect dinyatakan dl passage, maka yg diujikan ialah cause. (2)
Jika sebuah comparison dl passage, pertanyaan yg diujikan basis of the comparison. (3) Jika
deskripsi dari new phenomenon, yg diujikan karakteristik dari old phenomenon.
-->
Lichens are famous for their ability to survive ~ water shortage. When water is scarce (as is
 often the case on a mountain), lichens may become dormant and remain in that condition for
prolonged periods of time.

6. Which of the following term is defined in the passage?

(A) "anchors" (line 5)
(B) "stagnant" (line 6)
(C) "dew" (line 11)
(D) "ultraviolet" (line 13)
--> dew--the moisture that condenses on the surface of the plants at night

7. The word "prolonged" in line 10 is closest in meaning to

(A) precise
(B) extended
(C) approximate
(D) regular
Kunci Jawaban: (B) extended
Tipe Soal: Vocabulary in Context Question (Pertanyaan ini menginginkan Anda
mengidentifikasi arti dari kata yang digunakan dalam passage)
Cara Jawab: (1)Temukan sinonim dari kata yang dipertanyakan; (2) Jika dalam pilihan
jawaban terdapat lebih dari 1 sinonim, sesuaikan makna jawaban dengan konteks kalimat
-> prolonged = extended = panjang (lama)

8. All of the following are mentioned in the discussion of lichens EXCEPT

(A) They are capable of producing their own food.
(B) They require large amounts of minerals to prosper.
(C) They are a union of two separate plants.
(D) They can live thousands of years.
Kunci Jawaban: (B) They require large amounts of minerals lo prosper.
Tipe soal: Factual Information Question (learner diminta u/ mengidentifikasi informasi
spesifik yg secara explicit ditampilkan dalam passage)
4.
Cara Jawab: Temukan kalimat yang berisi informasi spesifik sesuai yang dinyatakan pada
pertanyaan.
--> 
(paragraph 1) --> ... lichens are actually a partnership between two plants. The framework of
a lichen is usually a network of minute hairlike fungus that anchors the plant. The other
component is an alga (similar to the green film of plant life that grows on stagnant pools) that
is distributed throughout the fungus. Being green plants, algae are capable of
photosynthesis--that is, using energy from the Sun to manufacture their own food. The fungi
are believed to supply water, minerals, and physical support to the partnership.
(paragraph 2) --> Some lichens can even grow where there is no rain at all, surviving on only
occasional dew--the moisture that condenses on the surface of the plants at night. And unlike
most other plants, lichens are little affected by the strong ultraviolet rays in the mountains.
5.
(Paragrah 3) You may find lichens that are centuries old;

9. What does the phrase "lichen colonies (line 15) suggest?

(A) Nothing but lichens live in some locations.
(B) Many lichens live together in one area.
(C) Lichens displace the plants that surround them.
(D)Certain groups of lichens have never been separated.
Kunci Jawaban: (B) Many lichens live together in one area.
 Tipe Soal: Vocabulary in Context Question (Pertanyaan ini menginginkan Anda
mengidentifikasi arti dari kata yang digunakan dalam passage)
Cara Jawab: (1)Temukan sinonim dari kata yang dipertanyakan; (2) Jika dalam pilihan
jawaban terdapat lebih dari 1 sinonim, sesuaikan makna jawaban dengan konteks kalimat
-> colony = a group of animals, insects or plants of the same type that live together

10. The word "encounter" in line 17 is closest in meaning to

(A) lose
(B) support
(C) meet
(D) create
Kunci Jawaban: (B) Many lichens live together in one area.
Tipe Soal: Vocabulary in Context Question (Pertanyaan ini menginginkan Anda
mengidentifikasi arti dari kata yang digunakan dalam passage)
6.
Cara Jawab: (1)Temukan sinonim dari kata yang dipertanyakan; (2) Jika dalam pilihan
jawaban terdapat lebih dari 1 sinonim, sesuaikan makna jawaban dengan konteks kalimat
-> encounter = meet = bertemu

11. The word "these" in line 19 refers to

(A) partners
(B) buds
(C) lichens
(D) animals
Kunci Jawaban:  (B) buds
Tipe Soal: Reference Question (Pertanyaan ini menginginkan Anda untuk mengidentifikasi
noun yang diganti menjadi sebuah pronoun / siapa atau apa yang dirujuk oleh kata ganti
tertentu)
Cara Jawab: Idetifikasi pronoun (kata ganti) -letak jawabannya sebelum pronoun.

1. What does the passage mainly discuss?

(A) The career of Maria Edgeworth as an author of children's books
(B) The development of children's literature in the United States
(C) Successful publishers of children's books in Britain and North America
(D) Basic differences between British and American
Kunci & Pembahasan: 
Kunci Jawaban: (B) The development of children's literature in the United States
Tipe soal: Main Idea Question
Cara Jawab: Cukup lihat baris pertama setiap paragraf
-->
Paragraf 1: After 1785, the production of children's books in the Untied States increased but
remained largely reprints of British books ....
Paragraf 2: American reaction against imported books for children set in after the War of 1812 with
the British.
2. The publisher John Newbery is principally known for which of the following reasons?
(A) He produced and sold books written by Maria Edgeworth.
(B) He had more influence on children American children's literature than any other publisher
(C) He published books aimed at amusing children rather than instructing them.
(D) He was commercially minded and cheerful.
Kunci Jawaban: (D) He was commercially minded and cheerful.
Tipe soal: Factual Information Question (learner diminta u/ mengidentifikasi informasi spesifik yg
secara explicit ditampilkan dalam passage)
Cara Jawab: Temukan kalimat yang berisi informasi spesifik sesuai yang dinyatakan pada
pertanyaan -keyword: John Newbery is principally known
-->
1. ... often those published by John Newbery, the first publisher to produce books aimed primarily
at diverting a child audience.
2. it was not the cheerful, commercial-minded Newbery, but Anglo-Irish author Maria
Edgeworth who had the strongest influence on this period of American children's literature.

3. The word "notwithstanding" in line 8 is closest in meaning to

(A) in spite of
(B) in addition to
(C) as a result of
(D) as a part of
Kunci Jawaban: (A) in spite of
Tipe Soal: Vocabulary in Context Question (Pertanyaan ini menginginkan Anda mengidentifikasi
arti dari kata yang digunakan dalam passage)
Cara Jawab: (1)Temukan sinonim dari kata yang dipertanyakan; (2) Jika dalam pilihan jawaban
terdapat lebih dari 1 sinonim, sesuaikan makna jawaban dengan konteks kalimat

--> notwithstanding = in spite of = despite (walaupun ->kontrast)

4. The word "they" in line 9 refers to

(A) children
(B) Americans
(C) books
(D) vehicles
Kunci Jawaban:  (B) Americans
Tipe Soal: Reference Question (Pertanyaan ini menginginkan Anda untuk mengidentifikasi noun
yang diganti menjadi sebuah pronoun / siapa atau apa yang dirujuk oleh kata ganti tertentu)
Cara Jawab: Idetifikasi pronoun (kata ganti) -letak jawabannya sebelum pronoun.
-->
Newbery notwithstanding, Americans still looked on children's books as vehicles for instruction, not
amusement, though they would accept a moderate amount of fictional entertainment for the sake of
more successful instruction.

5. The word "allay" in line 11 is closest in meaning to

(A) clarify
(B) attack
(C) reduce
(D) confirm
Kunci Jawaban: (C) reduce
Tipe Soal: Vocabulary in Context Question (Pertanyaan ini menginginkan Anda mengidentifikasi
arti dari kata yang digunakan dalam passage)
Cara Jawab: (1)Temukan sinonim dari kata yang dipertanyakan; (2) Jika dalam pilihan jawaban
terdapat lebih dari 1 sinonim, sesuaikan makna jawaban dengan konteks kalimat
--> allay = reduce (mengurangi)

6. It can be inferred from the passage that American children's books sold before 1785 were almost
always
(A) written by Maria Edgeworth
(B) attractive and interesting to children
(C) written by American authors
(D) intended only for religious and moral instruction
Kunci Jawaban: (D) intended only for religious and moral instruction

Tipe Soal: Inference Question (learner diminta u/ mengidentifikasi informasi spesifik yg TIDAK
secara explicit ditampilkan dalam passage)
Cara Jawab: (1) Jika sebuah effect dinyatakan dl passage, maka yg diujikan ialah cause. (2) Jika
sebuah comparison dl passage, pertanyaan yg diujikan basis of the comparison. (3) Jika deskripsi
dari new phenomenon, yg diujikan karakteristik dari old phenomenon.
-->
The eighteenth century had seen a gradual shift away from the spiritual intensity of earlier American
religious writings for children, toward a more generalized moralism.

7. By the end of the eighteenth century, the publishers of children’s looks in the United States were
most concerned about which of the following?
(A) Attracting children with entertaining stories that provided lessons of correct behavior
(B) Publishing literature consisting of exciting stories that would appeal to both children and adults
(C) Expanding markets for books in both Britain and the United States
(D) Reprinting fictional books from earlier in the century
Kunci Jawaban: (B) Publishing literature consisting of exciting stories that would appeal to both
children and adults

Tipe soal: Factual Information Question (learner diminta u/ mengidentifikasi informasi spesifik yg
secara explicit ditampilkan dalam passage)
Cara Jawab: Temukan kalimat yang berisi informasi spesifik sesuai yang dinyatakan pada
pertanyaan -keyword: the end of  eighteenth century -publishers (USA) most concerned
--> 
As the children's book market expanded, then, what both public and publishers wanted was the kind
of fiction Maria Edgeworth wrote: stories interesting enough to attract children and morally
instructive enough to allay adult distrust of fiction.

8. The word "permeated" in line 15

(A) opposed
(B) improved
(C) competed with
(D) spread through
Kunci Jawaban: (D) spread through
Tipe Soal: Vocabulary in Context Question (Pertanyaan ini menginginkan Anda mengidentifikasi
arti dari kata yang digunakan dalam passage)
Cara Jawab: (1)Temukan sinonim dari kata yang dipertanyakan; (2) Jika dalam pilihan jawaban
terdapat lebih dari 1 sinonim, sesuaikan makna jawaban dengan konteks kalimat

--> permeated = spread trough (menyebar ke seluruh)

9. According to the passage, American children's stories differed from their British equivalents in
that the characters in American stories were
(A) children who showed a change of behavior
(B) children who were well behaved
(C) rarely servants
(D) generally not from a variety of social classes
Kunci Jawaban: (C) rarely servants
Tipe soal: Factual Information Question (learner diminta u/ mengidentifikasi informasi spesifik yg
secara explicit ditampilkan dalam passage)
Cara Jawab: Temukan kalimat yang berisi informasi spesifik sesuai yang dinyatakan pada
pertanyaan -keyword: differed from
--> 
Imitative as they were, these early American stories were quite distinguishable from their British
counterparts. Few servants appeared in them ....
Few berarti hampir tidak ada atau jarang (rarely)

10. The word" testimony to" in line 28 is closest in meaning to

(A) inspiration for
(B) evidence of
(C) requirement for
(D) development of
Kunci Jawaban: (B) evidence of
Tipe Soal: Vocabulary in Context Question (Pertanyaan ini menginginkan Anda mengidentifikasi
arti dari kata yang digunakan dalam passage)
Cara Jawab: (1)Temukan sinonim dari kata yang dipertanyakan; (2) Jika dalam pilihan jawaban
terdapat lebih dari 1 sinonim, sesuaikan makna jawaban dengan konteks kalimat

1. Which of the following is the main topic of the passage?

A. assessment of the work of specialists concerned with ecology
B. a discussion of possible causes of extinction, and of ways to make predictions about
environmental change*
C. the changing aspects of our environment
D. a comparison of the existing rates of different taxa

2.  The word susceptibility in line 3 is closest in meaning to:

A. insensitivity
B. receptiveness
C. immunity
D. vulnerability*

3.  An example of a taxon would be:

A. a phylum*
B. the rate of environmental change
C. a fossil
D. studies of extinction

4.  The author compares mammals and birds to:

A. mollusks and insects*
B. phylum and class
C. dinosaurs and reptiles
D. ecologists and biologists

5.  It can be inferred from the passage that a significant event of the Cretaceous Period was:
A. the appearance of many taxa
B. the dramatic effect of the dinosaur on the environment
C. the extinction of birds
D. the extinction of dinosaurs*

6.  It can be inferred from the passage that dinosaurs:

 A. included species that were mammals
B. were better represented in the fossil record than other species
C. possessed disadvantageous traits*
D. were not susceptible to extinction

7.  The word dramatically in line 8 means:

A. strongly*
B. inspiringly
C. flimsily
D. visually

8.  The word fields in the line 9 is closest in meaning to:

A. areas
B. meadows
C. studies*
D. careers

9.  From the passage it can be inferred that disadvantageous traits are:

A. occurring at different rates
B. a contributing cause of extinction*
C. adaptable
D. learned by mathematical formulas

10. The expression singled out in line 15 is closest in meaning to:

A. isolated*
B. blamed
C. seen
D. divided

11. According to the passage, the likelihood of a population becoming extinct can be:
A. lessened by the efforts of a few concerned specialists
B. unaffected by environmental change
C. determined by mathematical formulas*
D. almost impossible to ascertain

12. The word broader in line 20 is closest in meaning to:

A. fatter
B. extra
C. wider*
D. many
2. 1. Which of the following is the best title for this passage?
a. What the eye can see in the sky
b. Bernard's star
c. Planetary Movement
d. The Evermoving stars 

2. The expression‍"naked eye" in line 1 most probably refers to

a. a telescope
b. a scientific method for observing stars
c. unassisted vision 
d. a camera with a powerful lens
 3. According to the passage, the distances between the stars and Earth are
a. barely perceptible
b. huge 
c. fixed
d. moderate

4. The word "perceptible" in line 5 is closest in meaning to which of the following?

a. noticeable 
b. persuasive
c. conceivable
d. astonishing

5. In line 6, a "misconception" is closest in meaning to a (n)

a. idea
b. proven fact
c. erroneous belief 
d. theory

6. The passage states that in 200 years Bernard's star can move
a. around Earth's moon
b. next to the earth's moon
c. a distance equal to the distance from earth to the moon
d. a distance seemingly equal to the diameter of the moon 
3.

7. The passage implies that from earth it appears that the planets
a. are fixed in the sky 
b. move more slowly than the stars
c. show approximately the same amount of movement as the stars
d. travel through the sky considerably more rapidly than the stars 

8. The word "negligible" in line 8 could most easily be replaced by

a. negative
b. insignificant 
c. rapid
d. distant

9. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?

a. starts do not appear to the eye to move.
b. the large distances between stars and the earth tend to magnify movement to the eye 
c. Bernard's star moves quickly in comparison with other stars
d. although stars move, they seem to be fixed

10. The paragraph following the passage most probably discusses

a. the movement of the planets 
b. Bernard's star
c. the distance from earth to the moon
d. why stars are always moving

11. This passage would most probably be assigned reading in which course?
a. astrology
b. geophysics
 c. astronomy 
d. geography

1. The paragraph preceding this passage most likely discusses

A. a survey of eighteenth-century art
B. a different American artist*
C. Whistler’s other famous paintings
D. European artists

2. Which of the following best describes the information in the passage?

A. Several artists are presented
B. One artist’s life and works are described*
C. Various paintings are contrasted
D. Whistler’s family life is outlined.

3. Whistler is considered an American artist because

A. he was born in America*
B. he spent most of his life in Americat
C. he served in the U.S. military
D. he created most of his famous art in America

4. The world “majority” in line 2 is closest in meaning to

A. seniority
B. maturity
C. large pices
D. high percentage*

5. It is implied in the passage that Whistler’s family was

A. unable to find any work at all in Russia
B. highly supportive of his desire to pursue art
C. working class*
D. military

6. The word “objections” in line 7 is closest in meaning to

A. protests*
B. goals
C. agreements
D. battles

7. In line 8, the “etchings” are

A. a type of painting
B. the same as a lithograph
C. an art form introduced by Whistler
D. an art form involving engraving*

8. The word “asymmetrical” in line 11 is closest in meaning to

A. proportionate
B. uneven*
C. balanced
D. lyrical

9. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passsage?

 A. Whistler work with a variety of art forms.
B. Whistler’s Mother is not the official name of his painting.
C. Whistler is best known for his etchings.*
D. Whistler’s Mother is painted in somber tones.

10. where in the passage does the author mention the types of artwork that Whistler was
involved in?
A. Lines 1-3
B. Lines 4-5
C. Lines 6-7
D. Lines 8-10*

1. The main point of this passage is that

A.    carbon tetrachloride can be very dangerous when it is heated
B.     the government banned carbon tetrachloride in 1970
C.    although carbon tetrachloride can legally be used in industry, it is not allowed in home products.
D.    carbon tetrachloride used to be a regular part of cleaning compounds
2. The word “widely” in line 2 could most easily be replaced by
A.    grandly
B.     extensively
C.     largely
D.    hugely
3. The word “banned” in line 4 is closest in meaning to
A.    forbidden
B.     allowed
C.     suggested
D.    instituted
4. According to the passage, before 1970 carbon tetrachloride was
A.    used by itself as a cleanser
B.     banned in industrial use
C.     often used as a component of cleaning products
D.    not allowed in home cleaning products
5. It is stated in the passage that when carbon tetrachloride is heated, it becomes
A.    harmful
B.     colorless
C.     a cleaning compound
D.    inflammable
6. The word “inhaled” in line 7 is closest in meaning to
A.    warmed
B.     breathed in
C.     carelessly used
D.    blown
7. The word “revoked” in line 8 could most easily be replaced by
A.    gave
B.     granted
C.     instituted
D.    took away
8. It can be inferred from the passage that one role of the U.S. government is to
A.    regulate product safety
B.     prohibit any use of carbon tetrachloride
C.     instruct industry on cleaning methodologies
D.    ban the use of any chemicals
9. The paragraph following the passage most likely discusses
A.    additional uses of carbon tetrachloride
B.     the banning of various chemical compounds by the U.S. government
C.     further dangerous effects of carbon tetrachloride
D.    the major characteristic of carbon tetrachloride

42. Where is Ybor City located?

A. South Florida
B. Cuba
C. West Florida*
D. Marti

43. The word “flee” in line 4 means most nearly the same as
A. Escape*
B. Return to
C. Fight
D. disembody

44. The word “seek” in line 6 is closest in meaning to

A. Purchase
B. Pursue*
C. Elude
D. develop

45. Why will people probably continue to remember Ybor’s name?

A. He suffered a great deal
B. An area was named in his honor*
C. He was a Cuban revolutionary
D. He was forced to flee his homeland

46. In line 12, the word “flocked” is closest in meaning to

A. Came in large numbers*
B. Escaped hurriedly
C. Increased rapidly
D. Prospered greatly

47. In the early years, how many residents of Ybor City worked in the cigar factory
A. 4,000*
B. 5,000
C. 10,000
D. 20,000

48. What is the best title for the passage?

A. The Spanish-American War
B. Cuban Contributions in the Development of Ybor City
C. Ybor’s Contribution to developing part of the Tampa Area*
 D. The Process of Cigar Manufacturing

49. In line 8, “site” is closest in meaning to

A. Location*
B. View
C. Vision
D. Indebtedness

50. Who was Jose marti

A. A good friend of Ybor
B. One of Teddy Roosevelt’s “Rough Riders”
C. A Cuban writer who sought to free his country*
D. A worker in the cigar factory

32. Which of the following is NOT true ?

A.   Winners placed olive wreaths on their own heads.*
B.   The games were held in Greece every four years.
C.   Battles were interrupted to participate in the games.
D.   Poem glorified the winners in song.

33. The word “elite” in line 5 is closest in meaning to…

A.  aristocracy*
B.   Brave
C.   intellectuals
D.   muscular

34. Why were the Olympic Games held?

A.   To stop wars
B.   To honor Zeus*
C.   To crown the best athletes
D.   To sing songs about the athletes

35. Approximately how many years ago did these games originate?
A.   800 years
B.   1200 years
C.   2300 years
D.   2800 years*

36. What conclusion can we draw about the ancient Greeks?

A.   They were pacifists
B.   They believed athletic events were important*
C.   They were very simple
D.   They couldn't count, so they used “Olympiads” for dates

37. What is the main idea of this passage?

A.   Physical fitness was an integral part of the lives of the ancient Greeks*
B.   The Greeks severely punished those who did not participate in physical fitness programs

C.   The Greeks had always encouraged everyone to participate in the games

D.   The Greeks had the games coincide with religious festivities so that they could go back to war
when the games were over
38. In line 14, the word “deeds” is closest in meaning to…
A.   Accomplishments*
B.   Ancestors
C.   Documents
D.   Property

39. Which of the following was ultimately required of all athletes competing in the Olympics?
A.   They must have completed military service.
B.   They had to attend special training sessions
C.   They had to be Greek males with no criminal record*
D.   They had to be very religious

40. The word “halted” in line 16 means most nearly the same as…
A.   Encourages
B.   Started
C.   Curtailed*
D.   Fixed

41. What is an “Olympiad”?

A.   The time it took to finish the games
B.   The time between games*
C.   The it took to finish a war
D.   The time it took the athletes to train

11.  Who currently controls the Panama Canal?

A.     France          B. United States *      C. Panama          D. Canal Zone

1. The word "accentuated" in the line 2 is closest in meaning to.

 (A) de-emphasized
(B) speeded up
(C) caused
(D) highlighted.*

2. All of the following are mentioned as drawbacks of the conventional method of boning EXCEPT
(A) Storage space requirements
(B) Energy waste
(C) Loss of carcass weight
(D) Toughness of meat*

3. In the line 2, the word "pressure" is closest in meaning to

(A) urgency*
(B) weight
(C) flavor
(D) cooking texture

4. Hot boning is becoming very popular because

(A) it causes meat to be very tender
(B) it helps conserve energy and is less expensive than conventional methods*
(C) meat tastes better when the bone is adequately seared along with the meat
(D) it reduces the weight of the carcass
5. In the line 7, "carcass" is nearest in meaning to
(A) a refrigerator for the animal body*
(B) a method of boning meat
(C) electrical stimulation of beef
(D) early excision

6. In the line 11, "early excision" is closest in meaning to

(A) vacuum packaging
(B) hot boning*
(C) carcass chilling
(D) electrical stimulation

7. The toughening of meat during hot boning has been combatted by

(A) following hot boning with electrical stimulation
(B) tenderizing the meat
(C) using electrical stimulation before hot boning
(D) removing only the edible muscle and fat prerigor

8. The word "bovine" in line 3 is nearest in meaning to

(A) cold
(B) electrically stimulated
(C) beef*
(D) pork

9. The word "this" in line 16 refers to

(A) hot boning*
(B) hot boning following electrical stimulation
(C) rigor mortis
(D) removing edible muscle and fat prerigor

10. In line 3, the word "carcass" is closest in meaning to

(A) deboned meat
(B) body*
(C) refrigerator
(D) fat

11. The word "considerable" in line 4 is closest in meaning to

(A) frigid
(B) kind
(C) lesser
(D) substantial*

12. One reason it is recommended to remove bones before refrigerating is that

(A) it makes the meat more tender
(B) the bones are able to be used for other purposes
(C) it increases chilling time
(D) it saves cooling space by not refrigerating parts that will be discarded*

13. The word "trimmable in line 4 is nearest in meaning to

(A) unsaturated
(B) removable*
(C) unhealthy
(D) chillable

1. Into how many periods was the stone age divided?

A. 2
B. 3*
C. 4
D. 5

2. In line 3, the word “derived”is closest in meaning to

A. Originated*
B. Destroyed
C. Hallucinated
D. Discussed

3. Which of the following was developed earliest?

A. Fish hook
B. Hatchet*
C. Bow and arrow
D. Pottery

4. Which of the following developments is not related to the conditions of the Ice Age?
A. Farming*
B. Clothing
C. Living indoors
D. Using fire

5. The word “crude” in line 12 is closest in meaning to

A. Extravagant
B. Complex
C. Vulgar
D. Primitive*

6. The author states that the stone age was so named because
A. It was very durable like stone
B. The tools and weapons were made of stone*
C. There was little vegetation
D. The people lived in stone caves

7. In line 17, “nomadic” is closest in meaning to

A. Sedentary
B. Wandering*
C. Primitive
D. Inquisitive

8. With what subject in the passage mainly concerned?

A. The Neolithic Age
B. The Paleolithic Age
C. The stone Age*
D. The Ice Age

9. Which of the following best describes the Mesolithic age?

 A. People were inventive*
B. People stayed indoors all the time
C. People were warriors
D. People were crude

10. In line 17, the word “eras” is closest in meaning to

A. Families
B. Periods*
C. Herds
D. Tools

Questions 1-9
Carbon tetrachloride is a colorless and inflammable liquid that can be produced by combining
carbon disulfide and chlorine. This compound is widely used in industry today because of its
effectiveness as a solvent as well as its use in the production of propellants.

Despite its widespread use in industry, carbon tetrachloride has been banned for home use. In the
past, carbon tetrachloride was a common ingredient in cleaning compounds that were used
throughout the home, but it was found to be dangerous: when heated, it changes into a poisonous
gas that can cause severe illness and even death if it is inhaled. Because of this dangerous
characteristic, the United States revoked permission for the home use of carbon tetrachloride in
1970. The United States has taken similar action with various other chemical compounds.

1. The main point of this passage is that

A. carbon tetrachloride can be very dangerous when it is heated
B. the government banned carbon tetrachloride in 1970

C. although carbon tetrachloride can legally be used in industry, it is not allowed in home products.*
D. carbon tetrachloride used to be a regular part of cleaning compounds

2. The word “widely” in line 2 could most easily be replaced by

A. grandly
B. extensively*
C. largely
D. hugely

3. The word “banned” in line 4 is closest in meaning to

A. forbidden*
B. allowed
C. suggested
D. instituted

4. According to the passage, before 1970 carbon tetrachloride was

A. used by itself as a cleanser
B. banned in industrial use
C. often used as a component of cleaning products*
D. not allowed in home cleaning products
5. It is stated in the passage that when carbon tetrachloride is heated, it becomes
A. harmful*
B. colorless
C. a cleaning compound
D. inflammable

6. The word “inhaled” in line 7 is closest in meaning to

A. warmed
B. breathed in*
C. carelessly used
D. blown

7. The word “revoked” in line 8 could most easily be replaced by

A. gave
B. granted
C. instituted
D. took away*

8. It can be inferred from the passage that one role of the U.S. government is to
A. regulate product safety*
B. prohibit any use of carbon tetrachloride
C. instruct industry on cleaning methodologies
D. ban the use of any chemicals

9. The paragraph following the passage most likely discusses

A. additional uses of carbon tetrachloride
B. the banning of various chemical compounds by the U.S. government*
C. further dangerous effects of carbon tetrachloride

D. the major characteristic of carbon tetrachloride

Questions 10-19
The next artist in this survey of American artist is James Whistler; he is included in this survey of
American artist because he was born in the United States, although the majority of his artwork was
completed in Europe. Whistler was born in Massachusetts in 1834, but nine years later his father
moved the family to St. Petersburg, Russia, to work on the construction of a railroad. The family
returned to the United States in 1849. Two years later Whistler entered the U.S. military academy at
West Point, but he was unable to graduate. At the age of twenty-one Whistler went to Europe to
study art despite familial objections, and he remained in Europe until his death.

Whistler worked in various art forms, including etchings and lithographs. However, he is most
famous for his paintings, particularly Arrangement in Gray and Black No. 1: Portrait of the Artist’s
Mother or Whistler’s Mother, as it is more commonly known. This painting shows a side view of
Whistler’s mother, dressed I black and posing against a gray wall. The asymmetrical nature of the
portrait, with his mother seated off-center, is highly characteristic of Whistler’s work.

10. The paragraph preceding this passage most likely discusses

A. A survey of eighteenth-century art
B. a different American artist*
C. Whistler’s other famous paintings
D. European artists

11. Which of the following best describes the information in the passage?
A. Several artists are presented
B. One artist’s life and works are described*
C. Various paintings are contrasted
D. Whistler’s family life is outlined.

12. Whistler is considered an American artist because

A. he was born in America*
B. he spent most of his life in Americat
C. he served in the U.S. military
D. he created most of his famous art in America

13. The world “majority” in line 2 is closest in meaning to

A. seniority
B. maturity
C. large pices
D. high percentage*

14. It is implied in the passage that Whistler’s family was

A. unable to find any work at all in Rusia
B. highly supportive of his desire to pursue art
C. working class*
D. military

15. The word “objections” in line 7 is closest in meaning to

A. protests*
B. goals
C. agreements
D. battles

16. In line 8, the “etchings” are

A. a type of painting
B. the same as a lithograph
C. an art form introduced by Whistler
D. an art form involving engraving*

17. The word “asymmetrical” in line 11 is closest in meaning to

A. proportionate
B. uneven*
C. balanced
D. lyrical

18. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passsage?

A. Whistler work with a variety of art forms.
B. Whistler’s Mother is not the official name of his painting.
C. Whistler is best known for his etchings.*
D. Whistler’s Mother is painted in somber tones.

19. where in the passage does the author mention the types of artwork that Whistler was involved in?
A. Lines 1-3
B. Lines 4-5
C. Lines 6-7
D. Lines 8-10*

Questions 20-30
The locations of stars in the sky relative to one another do not appear to the naked eye to change,
and as a result stars are often considered to be fixed in position. Many unaware stargazers falsely
assume that each star has its own permanent home in the nighttime sky.

In reality, though, stars are always moving, but because of the tremendous distances between stars
themselves and from stars to Earth, the changes are barely perceptible here. An example of a rather
fast-moving star demonstrates why this misconception prevails; it takes approximately 200 years for
a relatively rapid star like Bernard's star to move a distance in the skies equal to the diameter of the
earth's moon. When the apparently negligible movement of the stars is contrasted with the
movement of the planets, the stars are seemingly unmoving.

20. Which of the following is the best title for this passage?
a. What the eye can see in the sky
b. Bernard's star
c. Planetary Movement
d. The Evermoving stars*

21. The expression‍"naked eye" in line 1 most probably refers to

a. a telescope
b. a scientific method for observing stars
c. unassisted vision*
d. a camera with a powerful lens

22. According to the passage, the distances between the stars and Earth are
a. barely perceptible
b. huge*
c. fixed
d. moderate

23. The word "perceptible" in line 5 is closest in meaning to which of the following?
a. noticeable*
b. persuasive
c. conceivable
d. astonishing

24. In line 6, a "misconception" is closest in meaning to a (n)

a. idea
b. proven fact
c. erroneous belief*
d. theory

25. The passage states that in 200 years Bernard's star can move
a. around Earth's moon
b. next to the earth's moon
c. a distance equal to the distance from earth to the moon
d. a distance seemingly equal to the diameter of the moon*

26. The passage implies that from earth it appears that the planets
a. are fixed in the sky
b. move more slowly than the stars
c. show approximately the same amount of movement as the stars
d. travel through the sky considerably more rapidly than the stars*

27. The word "negligible" in line 8 could most easily be replaced by

a. negative
b. insignificant*
c. rapid
d. distant

28. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?

a. starts do not appear to the eye to move.
b. the large distances between stars and the earth tend to magnify movement to the eye*
c. Bernard's star moves quickly in comparison with other stars
d. although stars move, they seem to be fixed

29. The paragraph following the passage most probably discusses

a. the movement of the planets*
b. Bernard's star
c. the distance from earth to the moon
d. why stars are always moving

30. This passage would most probably be assigned reading in which course?
a. astrology
b. geophysics
c. astronomy*
d. geography

Questions 31-40
It has been noted that, traditionally, courts have granted divorces on fault grounds: one spouse is
deemed to be at fault in causing the divorce. More and more today, however, divorces are being
granted on a no-fault basis.

Proponents of no-fault divorces argue that when a marriage fails, it is rarely the case that one
marriage partner is completely to blame and the other blameless. A failed marriage is much more
often the result of mistakes by both partners.

Another argument in favor of no-fault divorce is that proving fault in court, in a public arena, is a
destructive process that only serves to lengthen the divorce process and that dramatically increases
the negative feelings present in a divorce. If a couple can reach a decision to divorce without first
deciding which partner is to blame, the divorce settlement can be negotiated more easily and
equitably and the postdivorce healing process can begin more rapidly.

31. What does the passage mainly discuss?

a. Traditional grounds for divorce
b. Who is at fault in a divorce
c. Why no-fault divorces are becoming more common*
d. The various reasons for divorces

32. The word "spouse" in line 1 is closest in meaning to a

a. judge
b. problem
c. divorce decree
d. marriage partner*

33. according to the passage, no-fault divorces

a. are on the increase*
b. are the traditional form of divorce
c. are less popular that they used to be
d. were granted more in the past

34. It is implied in the passage that

a. there recently has been a decrease in no-fault divorces
b. not all divorces today are no-fault divorces
c. a no-fault divorce is not as equitable as a fault divorce
d. people recover more slowly from a no-fault divorce*

35. The word "proponents" in line 4 is closest in meaning to which of the following?
a. Advocates*
b. Recipients
c. Authorities
d. Enemies

36. The passage states that a public trial to prove the fault of one spouse can
a. be satisfying to the wronged spouse
b. lead to a shorter divorce process*
c. reduce negative feelings
d. be a harmful process

37. Which of the following is NOT listed in this passage as an argument in favor of no-fault divorce?
a. Rarely is only one marriage partner to blame for a divorce
b. A no-fault divorce generally costs less in legal fees*
c. Finding fault in a divorce increases negative feelings
d. A no-fault divorce settlement is generally easier to negotiate

38. The word "present" in line 9 could most easily be replaced by

a. existing*
b. giving
c. introducing
d. resulting

39. The word "settlement" in line 10 is closest in meaning to

a. development
b. serenity
c. discussion
d. agreement*
40. The tone of this passage is
a. emotional
b. enthusiastic
c. expository*
d. reactionary

Questions 41-50
Whereas literature in the first half of the eighteenth century in America had been largely religious
and moral in tone, by the latter half of the century the revolutionary fervor that was coming to life in
the colonies began to be reflected in the literature of the time, which in turn served to further
influence the population. Although not all writers of this period supported the Revolution, the two
best-known and most influential writers, Ben Franklin and Thomas Paine, were both strongly
supportive of that cause.

Ben Franklin first attained popular success through his writings in his brother's newspaper, the New
England Current. In these articles he used a simple style of language and common sense
argumentation to defend the point of view of the farmer and the Leather Apron man. He continued
with the same common sense practicality and appeal to the common man with his work on Poor
Richard's Almanac from 1733 until 1758. Firmly established in his popular acceptance by the people,
Franklin wrote a variety of extremely effective articles and pamphlets about the colonist's
revolutionary cause against England.

Thomas Paine was an Englishman working as a magazine editor in Philadelphia at the time of the
Revolution. His pamphlet Common Sense, which appeared in 1776, was a force in encouraging the
colonists to declare their independence from England. Then throughout the long and desperate war
years he published a series of Crisis papers (from 1776 until 1783) to encourage the colonists to
continue on with the struggle. The effectiveness of his writing was probably due to his emotional yet
oversimplified depiction of the cause of the colonists against England as a classic struggle of good
and evil.

41. The paragraph preceding this passage most likely discusses

a. how literature influence the population
b. religious and moral literature*
c. literature supporting the cause of the American Revolution
d. what made Thomas Paine's literature successful

42. The word "fervor" in line 2 is closest in meaning to

a. war
b. anxiety
c. spirit*
d. action

43. The word "time" in line 3 could best be replaced by

a. hour
b. period*
c. appointment
d. duration
44. It is implied in the passage that
a. some writers in the American colonies supported England during the Revolution*
b. Franklin and Paine were the only writers to influence the Revolution
c. because Thomas Paine was an Englishman, he supported England against the colonies
d. authors who supported England did not remain in the colonies during the Revolution

45. The pronoun "he" in line 8 refers to

a. Thomas Paine
b. Ben Franklin*
c. Ben Franklin's brother
d. Poor Richard

46. The expression "point of view" in line 9 could best be replaced by

a. perspective*
b. sight
c. circumstance
d. trait

47. According to the passage, the tone of Poor Richard's Almanac is

a. pragmatic8
b. erudite
c. theoretical
d. scholarly

48. The word "desperate" in line 16 could best be replaced by

a. unending
b. hopeless*
c. strategic
d. combative

49. Where in the passage does the author describe Thomas Paine's style of writing?
a. lines 4-6
b. lines 8-9
c. lines 14-15
d. lines 18-20*

50. The purpose of the passage is to

a. discuss American literature in the first half of the eighteen century
b. give biographical data on two American writers
c. explain which authors supported the Revolution
d. describe the literary influence during revolutionary America*