Philips head screw driver: Screw driver 6x125mm consists of plastic

handle of circumference size 9.8cm, and chrome vanadium steel shaft plus steel
head tip.

Q1) Are there any design problems found in the tools you have chosen?
- Screw driver

This hand tool is formed of a steelhead tip and long handle, which requires the user to turn the handle, which
means bending their wrist clockwise to tighten the needed screw recess, this type of motion may cause some
pressure on the hand tissues. In the long run, it might cause wrist pain if it was done for a long time.

Q2) Do you have any recommendations to redesign the tools and eliminate errors
in the original design? Discuss the consistency of your new design (if any) with
hand anthropometry.
- Screw driver

Using screwdriver may cause wrist injuries with the rotation motion, therefore, utilizing a thick handle with long
hardened steel shaft would help on resisting the injuries, on balancing the screwdriver on a flat surface, but as
replacement, the best recommendation is to use power-driven screw driver, which would ensure the comfort,
fitting, and safety all in one design to the user.
Q3) Can any CTD injuries result from using the chosen tools? Discuss.
- Screw driver
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (CTD) is usually due to performing a repetitive motion continuously with awkward
body positions, therefore, tightening a screw recess might result in a CTD injury in the wrist of the user due to
the flexion and extension motion.
Q4) What are the advantages of contouring the handle of the hand tool to fit
the hand closely?
The main purpose is to avoid accidence and injuries, whereas the worker might get into many different situations
such as, dealing with sweaty hands in the middle of work, this type of situation requires adding a good friction
wrap between the hand and the handle tool to prevent slippery grip.

Q5) What is the effect of tool maintenance on reducing the risk of injuries?
Maintaining a hand tool is crucial to guarantee the safety of the user.

Q6) What are the negative effects of bending the wrist? Name three positions
where operators keep bending their wrists
- Bending the wrist trigger various of damage such as Repetitive stress, radical tunnel syndrome diseases, and
more, since it involves high pressure and force on the wrist and the median nerve, it might cause swelling and
burning, and numbness as shown down below in figure 1, therefore, a neutral position between the wrist and
the forearm is supposed to be zero degrees to prevent wrist pain. Three positions where operators keep
bending their wrists:
- Flexion
- Extension
- Radical deviation

Figure 1: Bending positions