ENGLISH TRAINING 2021

Trainer: Rosa Bertha Llontop Yaipen

CONDITIONALS

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 Zero Conditional

for certainty

If you heat ice, it melts.

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We use the so-called zero
conditional when the result of
the condition is always true,
like a scientific fact.

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if condition result

Present Simple Present

Simple
If you heat ice, it melts.

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We often use when instead of if,
for example: When I get up late, I
miss my bus.when instead of if, for
example: When I get up late, I miss my
bus.

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Look at these example sentences:
if condition result
Present Simple Present Simple

If I miss the 8 I am late for work.

o'clock bus,
If I am late for my boss gets angry.
work,
If people don't eat, they get hungry.
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Look at these example sentences:
result if condition
Present Simple Present Simple

I am late for work if I miss the 8 o'clock

bus.
My boss gets if I am late for work.
angry
People get hungry if they don't eat.
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1.-If I miss the 8 o'clock bus , I am late for work.

2.-I am late for work if I miss the 8 o'clock bus.

Notice the comma in the first sentence is always

correct in this case.
In the second sentence we do not normally use a
comma.

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 Mini Quiz
1. The zero conditional is used when the result of the condition is
a.- no longer true
b.-still possible
c.-always true
2. "If you _______ water for a long time, it boils." Which is correct?
a.- heat
b.- WHAT
heatedIS SPEAKING?
c.-had heated
3. "We get tired when we _______ get enough sleep." Which is
correct?
a.- won't
b.-don't
c.-haven't
ANSWER KEY

1.-C
2.- A
3.- B

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 First Conditional

for real possibility

If I win the lottery, I will buy a car.

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 First Conditional

We are talking about the future. We are thinking about

a particular condition or situation in the future, and
the result of this condition. There is a real possibility
that this condition will happen. For example, it is
morning. You are at home. You plan to play tennis this
afternoon. But there are some clouds in the sky.
Imagine that it rains. What will you do?
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if condition result

Present Simple will + base verb

If it rains, I will stay at home.

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if condition result
Present Simple will + base verb
If I see Mary, I will tell her.
If Tara is free he will invite her.
tomorrow,
If they do not pass their teacher will
their exam, be sad.

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 result if condition
will + base verb Present Simple
I will tell Mary if I see her.
He will invite Tara if she is free
tomorrow.
Their teacher will if they do not pass
be sad their exam.

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Sometimes, we use shall, can or may instead of will, for example: If it's sunny
this afternoon, we can play tennis.

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 Mini Quiz

1. The first conditional is used if there is _______ that the

condition will happen.
a.-no possibility
b.-little real possibility
c.-a real possibility
2. "If we _______ free, we'll go with you." Which is correct?
a.-were
b.-are
c.-had been
3. "We'll win if we _______ well enough." Which is correct?
a.-play
b.-playing
c.-had played

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ANSWER KEY

1.-C
2.- B
3.- A

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 Second Conditional

for unreal possibility

If I won the lottery, I would buy a car.

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The second conditional is like the first conditional. We
are still thinking about the future. We are thinking
about a particular condition in the future, and the
result of this condition. But there is not a real
possibility that this condition will happen. For
example, you do not have a lottery ticket. Is it possible
to win? No! No lottery ticket, no win! But maybe you
will buy a lottery ticket in the future. So you can think
about winning in the future, like a dream. It's not very
real, but it's still possible.

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if condition result

Past Simple would + base verb

If I won the lottery, I would buy a car.

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Look at these example sentences:

if condition result
Past Simple would + base verb
If I married Mary, I would be happy.
If Ram became rich, she would marry
him.

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 result if condition

would + base verb Past Simple

I would be happy if I married Mary.

She would marry if he became rich.

Ram

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Sometimes, we use should, could or might instead
of would, for example: If I won a million dollars, I could stop
working.

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Mini Quiz
1. The second conditional is used if there is _______ that the
condition will happen.
a.-no possibility
b.-little real possibility
c.-a real possibility
2. "If we _______ free, we'd go with you." Which is correct?
a.-were
b.-are
c.-had been
3. "If Justin _______ me to marry him, I'd say yes." Which makes
this a correct second conditional sentence?
a.-asks
b.-asked
c.-had asked 26
ANSWER KEY

1.-B
2.- A
3.- B

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 Third Conditional
for no possibility

If I had won the lottery, I would have bought a car.

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The first conditional and second conditionals talk about
the future. With the third conditional we talk about
the past. We talk about a condition in the past that
did not happen. That is why there is no possibility for this
condition. The third conditional is also like a dream, but
with no possibility of the dream coming true.

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if condition result

Past Perfect would have + past

participle

If I had won the I would have

lottery, bought a car.

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Look at these example sentences:
if condition result
Past Perfect would have + past
participle
If I had seen Mary, I would have told her.

If Tara had been free I would have invited

yesterday, her.
If they had not passed their teacher would
their exam, have been sad.

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result if condition
would have + past Past Perfect
participle
I would have told if I had seen her.
Mary
I would have invited if she had been free
Tara yesterday.
Their teacher would if they had not passed
have been sad their exam.

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Sometimes, we use should have, could have, might
have instead of would have, for example: If you had
bought a lottery ticket, you might have won.

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Mini Quiz
1. The third conditional is used when both the condition and result
are
a.-no longer possible
b.-still possible
c.- always true
2. "If we _______ free, we would have gone with you." Which is
correct?
a.-were
b.-are
c.-had been
3. "If you'd studied harder, you _______ failed." Which creates a
third conditional sentence that makes sense?
a.- would
b.-would have
c.-wouldn't have 34
ANSWER KEY

1.-A
2.- C
3.- C

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 PRACTICE I
1. What would you do if it ________ on your
wedding day?
a.-rained
b.-will rain
c.-would rain
2. If she comes, I _____ call you.
a.-will
b.-would
c.-would have

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3. If I eat peanut butter, I ________ sick.
a.-would have gotten
b.-would get
c.-get
4. What will you do if you ________ the history exam?
a.-would fail
b.-will fail
c.-fail

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5. If they had not _____ the car, I would have
driven you.
a.-take
b.-taken
c.-would take

6. If it snows, ________ still drive to the coast?

a.-will you
b.-would you
c.-would you have

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7. "He would have gone with you if you had asked him." Which
conditional is this?
a.-first
b.-second
c.-third
8. "If I won a million dollars, I would buy my own airplane." Which
conditional is this?
a.-zero
b.-first
c.-second

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9. "If I forget her birthday, Andrea gets upset." Which
conditional is this?
a.-zero
b.-first
c.-second
10. "What will she do if she misses the bus?" Which
conditional is this?
a.-first
b.-second
c.-third

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ANSWER KEY
1.-A
2.- A
3.- C
4.-C
5.-B
6.-A
7.-C
8.-C
9.-A
10.-A
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 PRACTICE II
Choose one of the alternatives to complete
the given sentence with the correct verb.

1.-If you sit in the sun, you _____ burned.

A.-going to get
B.-may get
C.-get

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2.-If I ________ the office early, I’ll cook
dinner. I need to eat some healthy food.

A.-will leave
B.-going to leave
C.-leave

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3.-Carla is a very hardworking student. If
she studies harder, she _____ pass the
exam.

A.-would
B.-pass
C.-will

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4.-If John hadn’t spent all his money on
vacation, he __________ a new laptop.

A.-had bought
B.-could have bought
C.-bought

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5.-If I _____ a lot of money, I would buy
that car.

A.-had
B.-have
C.-will have

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6.-If I hadn't overslept, I ______ on time.
A.- will have been
B.-would have been
C.-will be

7.-If you had eaten a good breakfast,

you______ so hungry now.
A.-wouldn't have been
B.-can't be
C.-won't be
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8.-I ______ that car if I had had more money at the time.
A.-could have bought
B.-could buy
C.-will buy

9. That horse could have won the race if he ______ hurt his leg.
A.-doesn't hurt
B.-hasn't hurt
C.-hadn't hurt

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10.-If I ______ harder for the test I would
have gotten a better grade.
A.- had studied
B.-will study
C.-did study
11. If it hadn't rained, we ______ to the
park.
A.-will have gone
B.-will go
C.-would have gone

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12.- If the road hadn't been icy, we ______
an accident.
A.-won't have
B.-wouldn't have had
C.-didn't have

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13.-He would have gone to work if he
______ sick.
A.-hadn't been
B.-won't be
C.-didn't be
14.- If I had known you were coming, I
______ a cake.
A.-will bake
B.- would have baked
C.-would bake
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ANSWER KEY

1.- C 11.- C
2.- C
3.- C 12.- B
4.-B 13.-A
5.- A 14.-B
6.- B
7.-A
8.-A
9.-C
10.-A

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