Journal of Critical Reviews

ISSN- 2394-5125 Vol 7, Issue 11, 2020

EFFECTIVENESS OF BARANGAY TANOD IN CRIME PREVENTION IN CENTRAL REGION

OF ANGADANAN, ISABELA
Donald Sumad-On
Isabela State University-Angadanan Campus, Philippines College of Criminal Justice Education

Received: 14.03.2020 Revised: 20.04.2020 Accepted: 14.05.2020

Abstract
Crime prevention process emanates from the local form of the government to ensure the safety of all its constituents whom the barangay
tanod has the biggest role within the barangay. The study made a Qualitative-descriptive research and purposive sampling technique
with the used of questionnaire as a tool in gathering the data from 34 Barangay Tanods and 30 Barangay Officials within the Central
Region of Angadanan, Isabela. The researcher used the following statistical instruments: simple frequency, percentage, weighted mean,
chi-square, and t-test.. Results of the study showed that the barangay tanod are moderately effective in preventing crime because of
improper routine of duties and functions like conduct patrol or ronda, conduct surveillance to surreptitious person, and detection of
hazard in different establishments and to include lack of sufficient orientation. majority of the respondent belong to age range 36 -40
years old, male, married, vocational graduates and have 10-12 years of experience as Barangay Tanod. It also reveals that the The
Barangay Tanods encountered serious problems in crime prevention in the following aspects: lack of vehicle when conducting patrol,
insufficient training like self-defense techniques, and insufficient equipment like baton, handcuff and other equipment for crime
prevention.
Keywords: barangay tanod, crime prevention, conduct patrol.

© 2020 by Advance Scientific Research. This is an open-access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.31838/jcr.07.11.44

INTRODUCTION
Barangay is the Philippines' basic unit of government. Each
barangay is under the administration and supervision of cities
and municipalities as the lowest level of political and
governmental subdivision in the Philippines. In every barangay
there is a Barangay Tanod Brigade which plays an important part
in the development and progress of the barangay.
Barangay Tanods stands at the forefront of keeping the peace
and order in every barangay. We are composed of civilian
volunteers who protect the community from lawless forces, and
who also demonstrate their interest in crime prevention by
serving criminals as deterrents, especially in areas where police
are scarce. Chapter 4 Section 391 No. 16 of the Local Government
Code requires Sangguniang Barangay to create Barangay Tanod
Brigades or their equivalent, the number of which in each
barangay shall not exceed twenty (20), to provide insurance or
other benefits during their tenure, charged to the barangay of the
town or municipal government to which the barangay belongs.
In their study of the little baguio, Aquino and Ramizo (2009)
conclude that after improved crime prevention, a revamped
barangay-level patrol is likely to have decreased effectiveness
because maintenance problems that emerge and/or criminals
may find ways to bypass the patrol program. A patrol activity is
not passive, and must be evaluated on a continuous basis.
Reduction of violence, obsolescence, self-satisfaction and the
preservation of values, information and best practices should be
considered. Warnings against applicability are therefore
acknowledged in order to prevent packaging Little Baguio 's
patrol experience as a one-size suit all cure for patrolling
inefficiency everywhere.
Statement of the Problem
This study aims to assess the effectiveness of Barangay Tanod in
crime prevention in central region of Angadanan Isabela.
Specifically, it sought to answer the following questions;
1. What is the demographic profile of the Barangay Tanod in
terms of:
1.1 age
1.2 gender
1.3 civil status
1.4 educational attainment
1.5 years of experience as Barangay Tanod
2. What do the Barangay Officials and the Barangay Tanods
themselves assess the effectiveness of Barangay Tanods in crime
prevention in terms of:
2.1. conduct of patrolling
2.2. fire prevention
2.3. conduct of surveillance
2.4. conduct of proper arrest
2.5. coordination to barangay officials
2.6. conduct of traffic
3. Is there a significant relationship between the effectiveness of
Barangay Tanod and their demographic profile?
4. Is there a significant difference between the assessment of the
Barangay Officials and Barangay Tanod themselves relative to
the effectiveness of Barangay Tanod in Crime Prevention?
5. How serious are the problems encountered by the Barangay
Tanod in crime prevention?
6. What can be proposed to enhance the effectiveness of
Barangay Tanod in Crime Prevention?
Hypotheses
1. There is no significant relationship between Barangay tanod 's
success in crime prevention, and its demographic profile.
2. There is no significant difference between the evaluation of the
Barangay officers themselves and Barangay Tanod in relation to
Barangay Tanod 's success in crime prevention.
METHODOLOGY
The researcher utilized the Qualitative-descriptive research and
purposive sampling technique with the used of questionnaire as
a tool in gathering the data from 34 Barangay Tanods and 30
Barangay Officials. The researcher used the following statistical
tools: simple frequency, percentage, weighted mean, chi-square
and t-test.

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Locale of the Study the effectiveness of Barangay Tanod in crime prevention and
This research was carried out within Angadanan Isabela's central their demographic profiles which is set to 0.05 level of
area, namely Barangay Centro I, II and III. It is bounded by probability.
Cauayan City on the north, Benito Soliven and San Guillermo on
the east, Echague on the south and Alicia on the west. d. t-testIt is a comparative analysis of two types of population. A
two-sample t-test tests whether two samples are different and
Respondents of the Study are widely used when two standard distribution variances are
The respondents of the study were the 34 Barangay Tanods and unknown, even when a small sample size is used in an
30 Barangay officials in the Central Region of Angadanan Isabela. experiment.
This include Barangay Centro I, Centro II, Centro III using e. The problems encountered by the respondents in crime
purposive sampling technique. The breakdown of respondents is prevention were determined using ranking.
as follows:
RESULT AND DISCUSSION
Barangay This chapter presents the results and discussion of the study as
Barangay Officials Baranagay Tanod well as the statistical interpretation of the findings of the study.
1 10 12
Part 1. Profile of Respondents
2 10 11 The respondents profiles are identified as Barangay Tanod in
3 10 12 terms of age , gender, civil status , educational achievement and
Total 30 34 years of experience.

Table 1. Profile of the Respondents according to Age

Research Instrument
The instrument used in this research is a compilation of Age Range Frequency Percent
questionnaires based on the analysis by Rhon Gavin Dantic
(2013), entitled "Perception of Philippine National Police 26-30 1 2.95
personnel and population in the Municipality of Aparri 's 31-35 3 8.83
involvement in crime prevention." 36-40 11 32.35
41-45 5 14.70
Adapted a five-point scale to quantify the respondents ' 46-50 8 23.53
responses in each item and as follows: 51-55 6 17.64
Total 34 100
DESCRIPTIVE SCALES
MEAN As shown in Table 1, 11 or 32. 35 percent of the respondents
NO
RANGE EXTENT OF PROBLEMS belong to age range 36-40 years old, which means that majority
PARTICIPATION ENCOUNTERED of the respondent implies that most of the Barangay Tanods are
matured adults and responsible enough to perform their task in
5 4.50 - 5.00 Very effective Very serious crime prevention.
Table 2. Profile of the Respondents according to Gender
4 3.50 – 4.49 Effective Serious Gender Frequency Percent
Male 33 97.00
Moderately
3 2.50 – 3.49 Moderately serious Female 1 3.00
effective
Total 34 100
2 1.50 – 2.49 Slightly effective Slightly serious As presented in Table 2, majority of the respondents, 33 or 97
percent are male and 1 or 3 percent is female. This implies that
peacekeeping is a male dominated activity.
1 1.00 – 1.49 Not effective Not serious
Table 3. Profile of the Respondents according to Civil Status
Civil Status Frequency Percent
Single 4 11.77
Data Gathering Procedure Married 19 55.88
The researcher sought permission through a written letter to the Widow/er 11 32.35
Three (3) Barangay Chairmen for the conduct of the study and to Total 34 100
administer the survey questionnaire in their respective As revealed in Table 3, most of the respondents, 19 or 55.88
barangay. After obtaining permission, the researcher personally percent are married; it implies that most of the Barangay Tanods
administered the survey questionnaire to the target respondents. are responsible enough to prevent crime in their own barangay.
The researcher also personally retrieved the entire survey
questionnaire and the data were tallied, presented in a tabular Table 4. Profile of the Respondents according to
form, analyzed and interpreted. Educational Attainment
Educational Frequency Percent
Statistical Treatment of Data Attainment
To give more meaning and relevance on the data gathered, the Elementary graduate 6 17.65
researcher used the following statistical tools: High school 3 8.82
a. Percent. This was used to describe the relationship of a part to undergraduate
its whole. High school graduate 10 29.41
Vocational graduate 13 38.23
b. Weighted Mean. Since the items in the questionnaire are
College undergraduate 2 5.89
options with assigned points, the weighted mean was selected as
Total 34 100
an appropriate measure of central tendency.
As shown in Table 4, 13 or 38.23 percent of the respondents are
c. Chi-square. This statistical tool was utilized to test the vocational graduates, this implies that most of the Barangay
hypothesis of the study on the significant relationship between

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Tanods are qualified in their positions since the Local There is a significant difference in the Barangay Officials and
Government Code requires that at least they can read and write. Barangay Tanods' assessment of the latter's effectiveness in
crime prevention, a 5 per cent meaningful t-test for independent
Table 5. Profile of the Respondents according to Years of samples was used with eight degrees of freedom. The result was
Experience as Barangay Tanod a computed value of -.3636 below the critical value of 1.812.
Years of Frequency Percent Therefore, there is no significant difference in the null hypothesis
Experience between the Barangay Officials' assessment and the Barangay
1-3 years 4 11.77 Tanods themselves in terms of the effectiveness of Barangay
4-6 years 10 29.41 Tanod in crime prevention. This implies that both groups of
7-9 years 8 23.53 respondents have similar assessments regarding Barangay
10-12 years 12 35.29 Tanods' effectiveness in crime prevention.
Total 34 100
As presented in Table 5, 12 or 35.29 percent of the respondents Part 4 Significant Difference between the Assessment of the
have 10-12 years of experience as Barangay Tanods, this implies Barangay Officials and the Barangay Tanods themselves
that most of the Barangay Tanods have adequate and long years relative to the effectiveness of Barangay Tanod in Crime
of experience in preventing crime in their own barangay. Prevention
In their evaluation the respondents contribute strongly to the
Part 2. Effectiveness of Barangay Tanods in Crime effectiveness of the Barangay Tanods in crime prevention.
Prevention As Assessed by the Barangay Officials and the Therefore, when grouped by gender and civil status, the null
Barangay Tanods Themselves. hypothesis that there is no significant relationship between the
effectiveness of Barangay Tanods in crime prevention is rejected.
Table 6. Summary of Mean effectiveness of Barangay Therefore, Barangay Tanods' success in crime prevention is
Tanods in Crime Prevention as assessed by the Barangay related to their gender and civil status.
Officials and the Barangay Tanods Themselves. The respondents further stated that they do not relate
Weighted Description significantly in their evaluation on the efficacy of the Barangay
Crime Prevention Mean Tanods in crime prevention when grouped in terms of
Conduct Patrolling 2.54 ME educational achievement, years of experience and age. Therefore,
Fire Prevention 3.43 ME when graded according to educational achievement, years of
experience and age, the null hypothesis that there is no
Conduct Surveillance 2.48 SE substantial connection between Barangay Tanods' effectiveness
Conduct proper arrest 2.80 ME in crime prevention is acknowledged.

Coordination to Barangay 3.35 ME Part 5.Degree of Seriousness of Problems Encountered by

Officials the Barangay Tanod in Crime Prevention
Conduct traffic 4.34 E
There are fourteen indicated problems in this study being
Composite Mean 3.15 ME encountered by the Barangay Tanod. The degree of seriousness
ranges from very serious, serious, moderately serious, slightly
serious, and not serious.
Barangay Officials and the Barangay Tanods themselves claimed,
Table 7. presents the degree of seriousness of the problems
as revealed in this table, that Barangay Tanods are moderately
encountered by the barangay tanods in crime prevention.
effective in crime prevention with a total weighted mean of 3.15.
The Barangay officers and the Barangay Tanods themselves Problems Weighted Qualitative Rank
reported that the Barangay Tanods were moderately effective in Encountered Mean Interpretation
conduct policing, and accepted that the Barangay Tanods were Lack of vehicle 4.14 Serious 1
moderately effective in fire prevention with a combined mean of when conducting
3.43. patrol.
Barangay Officials and the Barangay Tanods themselves agreed, Insufficient 4.13 Serious 2
as also revealed in the table, that the Barangay Tanods are training like self-
slightly effective in conducting surveillance with a total mean of defence
2,48. It could be gleaned that, with a total mean of 2.80, they are techniques
moderately effective in conducting proper arrests. To include Insufficient 4.11 Serious 3
barangay officials in coordination. But the barangay tanod is equipment like
effective in traffic actions. baton, handcuff
and other
She stresses in Cadorna's 2008 report on Barangays Productivity equipment use for
and Performance: The Case of the Heritage City of Vigan, crime prevention.
Philippines, that the barangays were strong in terms of resource Lack of coffee 3.88 Serious 4
requirements that allowed them to produce goods and services. specially when on
It is also relevant to include Mang-usan's 2010 study on the night duty to keep
functionality of the Bontoc Mt Province Barangay Council them awake
identified some factors for promoting established BCPC including Insufficient budget 3.75 Serious 5
the presence of a specific guideline and procedure on its support.
formation, organization, composition, structure and Barangay Tanod 3.70 Serious 6
organizational set-up. Sensitivity and cooperation from does not report on
community and BCPC leaders help to make the BCPC working. scheduled duty
Part 3 Significant Relationship of the Effectiveness of Some Barangay 3.52 Serious 7
Barangay Tanod on Crime Prevention and Demographic Tanods are absent
Profile during scheduled
duty.

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Lack of 3.5 Serious 8 Aquino released a Memorandum Circular 103, entitled

cooperation among "Providing Steps for Strengthening Security Services," in an
members of the attempt to fix peace and order problems. Regional government
Barangay Tanod. leaders and the police have taken an integrated approach to
Insufficient 3.32 Moderately 9 crime prevention and regulation according to this document. To
supervision and serious date there is little information related to barangay, particularly
monitoring from about the dynamics of the barangay ronda system. Much of the
Barangay Officials details comes from informal interviews with captains of
Lack of 2.79 Moderately 10 barangay, or police. There is an obvious need to institutionalize
cooperation among serious the organisation of civil volunteer organizations and strategies
the residents. for evaluating progress that can recognize and resolve problem
Honorarium/salary 2.61 Moderately 11 areas.
is not given on serious
Leones (2006) observed that people of various ages, genders,
time.
race, norms and value are variables that predispose urban crime
Barangay Tanods 2.56 Moderately 12 to spread. In contrast, crime rates are higher in poorer
are not aware on serious communities and areas with higher population density, degraded
duties and housing standards, and more members of the unemployed
responsibilities workforce. That's why a barangay tanod must be strengthened as
Lack of 2.44 Slightly 13 a small unit expands to combat crime. Hulslander & Spivey,
dissemination on serious (2012) Village Stability Operations and Afghan Local Police,
new policy to reported in their analysis that the need for a centralized and
enforce within the decentralized authority by improving the traditional governance
Barangay. mechanism system was designed to mitigate the Afghan
Slow response of 2.38 Slightly 14 government's shortcomings and security capability and
Police Officer when serious efficiency while preparing the government to improve its power.
Barangay Tanod
needs assistance CONCLUSION
Total Mean 3.31 Moderately Based on the findings of the study, the following conclusions are
serious drawn:
As presented in Table 7, the Barangay Tanods encountered Majority of the respondent- Barangay Tanods belong to age
Moderately serious problems in crime prevention with a total range 36 -40 years old, male, married, vocational graduates and
mean of 3.31.The Barangay Tanods encountered serious have 10-12 years of experience as Barangay Tanods . Both group
problems in crime prevention in the following aspects: lack of of respondents, Barangay Officials and Barangay Tanods agreed
vehicle when conducting patrol (4.14), insufficient training like that Barangay Tanods are moderately effective in crime
self-defence techniques (4.13), insufficient equipment like baton, prevention. There is no significant relationship between the
handcuff and other equipment use for crime prevention (4.11), effectiveness of Barangay Tanods in crime prevention when
lack of coffee specially when on night duty to keep them awake grouped according to educational attainment, years of
(3.88), insufficient budget support (3.70), Barangay Tanod does experience and age but significantly related when it comes to
not report on scheduled duty (3.52), lack of cooperation among gender and civil status. There is no significant difference
members of the Barangay Tanods (3.50). between the assessment of the Barangay Officials and the
Barangay Tanods themselves relative to the effectiveness of
However, the Barangay Tanods encountered moderately serious
Barangay Tanod in Crime Prevention. The Barangay Tanods
problems in crime prevention in the following aspects:
encountered serious problems in crime prevention in the
insufficient supervision and monitoring from barangay officials
following aspects: lack of vehicle when conducting patrol,
(3.32), lack of cooperation among the residents (2.79),
insufficient training like self-defense techniques, and insufficient
honorarium/salary is not given on time (2.61), Barangay Tanod
equipment like baton, handcuff and other equipment use for
are not aware on duties and responsibilities (2.16).
crime prevention.
Lastly, Barangay Tanods encountered slightly serious problems
in crime prevention in the following aspects: lack of RECOMMENDATIONS
dissemination on new policy to be enforce within the barangay In the light of the study results and conclusions, the
(2.44) and slow response of Police Officer when Barangay Tanod recommendations are as follows:
needs assistance (2.38). With a total mean of 3.31, the Barangay
1. Barangay Tanod are encouraged to take personal initiative
Tanods encountered moderately serious problems in crime
along the following dimensions of crime prevention:
prevention.
conduct of surveillance, fire prevention, conduct of
In the study of Caparas (2000 ), the Barangay Security and patrolling, conduct of proper arrest and coordination to
Development Officers (BSDOs) or more popularly known as the Barangay Officials. With this, the Barangay Officials must
Barangay Tanod shall include the collection of intelligence, create a policy on the duties and function of the Barangay
neighborhood monitoring or 'rondas;' tanod.
medical/traffic/emergency aid; In Judith Martinez et.al 's study 2. Each barangay must have active linkages to the PNP and
Towards a Participatory Crime Prevention: Community BFP station through a memorandum of agreement(MOA) in
awareness on Crime Mapping and Hotspots revealed the order to have a continuous training on aspect of crime
community's awareness of the concept and implementation of prevention through patrolling and method of proper arrest
crime mapping in order to further disseminate the system and to include fire prevention, and fire suppression.
inform the public about the benefits of having to know and 3. The Barangay must include the involvement of academic
understand crime maps and hotspots. institution or training institution with regards to self-
defense, and morale development perceived as one of the
Another study of Caparas (2000) emphasized that media serious encountered problem.
involvement and people 's involvement in crime prevention 4. Barangay tanod shall have a monthly salary as part of
initiatives should be in order for a society to be involved. Leones, motivating them to focus on their duties and function as
(1993) mentioned that on July 17, 1989, President Corazon some causes of the barangay tanod not on time when duty,

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 EFFECTIVENESS OF BARANGAY TANOD IN CRIME PREVENTION IN CENTRAL REGION OF ANGADANAN, ISABELA

some are absent and insufficient budget support which is

categorized as serious encountered problem.
5. Through these, the congress shall create a law which
standardize the aforementioned recommendation as we
considered the Barangay tanod as the forefront of peace.

REFERENCES
1. Local Government Code of the Philippines, 1991 Chapter 4
Section 391
2. Leones, C.S, (1993). Alternate Policing in the Philippines
From Alternative Policing Style: Cross-Cultural
Perspective, p 101-108, 1993, Mark Findlay and Ugljesa
Zvekic, eds –See NCJ 146911.
3. Caparas, D.L, (2000). Participation of the Public and
Victims for More Fair and Effective Criminal Justice
Administration in the Philippines (From Resource Material
Series No. 56, P 241-258, 2000, Hiroshi Iitsuka and
Rebecca Findlay-Debeck, eds. -- See NCJ-191475)
4. Leones, C.V (2006). The current situation of crime
associated with urbanization: Problems experienced abd
countermeasures initiated in the Philippines, unafei.or.jp
5. Cadorna, A.L, (2008). Productivity and Performance of
Barangays: The Case of the Heritage City of Vigan,
Philippines. World academy of science and technology 46
2008
6. Aquino, T.A and Ramizo, G.R, (2009). A Study of Barangay
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7. Hulslander and Spivey(2012). Village Stability Operations
and Afghan Local Police PRISM Vol. 3, No. 3 (06/2012), pp.
125-138 (14 pages) Published by: Institute for National
Strategic Security, National Defense University
8. Martinez, J.M, (2013). Towards a Participatory Crime
Prevention: Awareness of Community on Crime Mapping
and Hotspots, Tanguyob journal vol 1, 2013.
9. Garcia, M.A, (2014). Police Patrol Plans and Procedure with
Public Communication System. Manila: Mary Jo
Educational Supply.
10. Dantic, R.G, (2013). titled “Perception of the Philippine
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participation in crime prevention in the Municipality of
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