WOLAITA SODO UNIVERSITY

DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE

Preservation Restoration II
 World Heritage Sites
A World Heritage site is a place that is listed by the United Nations Educational,
Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) as having special cultural or physical
significance.

The Grate Wall Of China Taj Mahal Agra ,India The Lining Tower of Pisa ,Italy
The Above definitions are set out in Article of the World Heritage Convention
 World Heritage Sites
 A UNESCO World Heritage Site is a specific site (such
as a forest, mountain, lake, desert, monument, building,
complex, or city) that has been nominated and
confirmed for inclusion on the list maintained by the
international World Heritage Program.
 Which administered by the UNESCO World Heritage
Committee, composed of 21 State Parties (countries) Yellow Stone National park, US.
which are elected by the General Assembly of States
Parties for a fixed term. (This is similar to the United
Nations Security Council.)
 World Heritage Sites

 Each World Heritage Site is the property of the

country on whose territory the site is located, but it
is considered in the interest of the international
community to preserve each site for future
generations of humanity.
 The protection and conservation of these sites are a
The Galapagos island, poland
concern of all the World Heritage countries.
 World Heritage Sites
Groups of buildings: groups of separate or connected
buildings which, because of their architecture, their
homogeneity or their place in the landscape, are of
outstanding universal value from the point of view of
history, art or science.
The Grate Living Chola Temples, India

Sites: works of man or the combined works of

nature and of man, and areas including archeological
sites which are of outstanding universe al value from
the historical, aesthetic, ethnological or
anthropological points of view.

Petra Archeological site, Jordan

 World Heritage Sites

 UNESCO then initiated, with the International Council on

Monuments and Sites, a draft convention to protect the common
cultural heritage of humanity.
 The United States initiated the idea of combining cultural
conservation with nature conservation. A White House conference in
1965 called for a World Heritage Trust to preserve "the world's
superb natural and scenic areas and historic sites for the present and
the future of the entire world citizenry."
Aachen Cathedral, Germany
 The International Union for Conservation of Nature developed
similar proposals in 1968, and they were presented in 1972 to the
United Nations conference on Human Environment in Stockholm,
Sweden.
World Heritage Sites
In 1978, when UNESCO published its first list of
protected places, there were Only 12 World Heritage
Sites.

These included:
✓ The Galapagos Islands and Quito (both in Ecuador);
✓ Yellowstone National Park and Mesa Verde National Park (both in the US);
✓ L'Anse aux Meadows National Historic Park and Nahanni National Park (both Lle De Goree, Iceland Senegal
in Canada);
✓ The Simien National Park and the rock-hewn churches of Lalibela (both in
Ethiopia);
✓ Krakow and the Wieliczka and Bochnia Salt Mines (both in Poland);
✓ Île de Gorée in Senegal and
✓ Aachen Cathedral in Germany.
The Galapagos island, poland Quito City, poland Yellow Stone National park, US.

L'Anse aux Meadows National Historic Sitepark, Nahanni National park, Canada.
Mesa Verde National park, US.
Canada.
The semien Mountains National park, The Rock Hewn Church,Lalibella The Wieliczka Salt Mine,Poland
Ethiopia Ethiopia

The Bochina Salt Mine,Poland Lle De Goree, Iceland Senegal Aachen Cathedral, Germany
 As of July 2018, there are a total of 1,092 World Heritage sites located in 167 States
Parties (countries that have adhered to the World Heritage Convention), of which
✓ 845 are cultural
✓ 209 are natural and
✓ 38 are mixed properties.
Countries with the most world heritage sites

 Italy, China, Spain and France are the four

nations with the most - possessing 51, 48, 44
and 41 respectively.
The Colosseum, Rome Italy. Florence Cathederal,Italy. The Baroque sites at Noto (Noto cathedral)

The Reggia di Caserta. The "Sassi" of Matera.

The Historic center of Rome (St. Peter's Basilica).
Italy 51 Cultural and natural Sites Inscribed on UNESCO world heritage site.
The Great Wall of China, China Giant Communal Homes—the Fujian Tulou Forbidden City,China

HongcunVillage, china The Old Town of Lijiang ,China Mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor

 CHINA 48 Cultural and natural Sites Inscribed on UNESCO world heritage site.
 CATHEDRAL, ALCAZAR AND ARCHIVO, SPAIN OLD TOWN OF SANTIAGO
LAS MEDULAS PONFERRADA, SPAIN DE, SPAIN

WORKS OF GAUDI MONT PERDU ARAGON, PYRENEES

HISTORIC CITY OF TOLEDO TOLEDO, MOUNTAINS, SPAIN
BARCELONA, SPAIN
SPAIN
 SPAIN 44 Cultural and natural Sites Inscribed on UNESCO world heritage site.
NUMBER OF SITES BY UNESCO REGION

 Of the five regions UNESCO uses,

Europe and North America has the most
world heritage sites, with 420 cultural, 61
natural and 10 mixed sites.

 The Arab states have the least, sharing 79

sites - 33 per cent of which are under
threat.
 SITES UNDER THREAT IN EACH REGION

 Sites in Africa and the Middle East are the

most threatened, according to Unesco -
with both regions having 16 sites under
threat.

 Experts have warned about the threat to

sites in Syria, for example. Isis has
destroyed world heritage sites in the past,
such as the blowing up of the Baalshamin
Temple at the Palmyra World Heritage
site.
 UNESCO WORLD HERITAGE SITES IN ETHIOPIA

 There are nine UNESCO

World Heritage Sites in
Ethiopia. The first sites were
listed in 1978. Only one
natural site is included in the
list and the other eight are
all cultural sites.
 UNESCO WORLD HERITAGE SITES IN ETHIOPIA
 Rock Hewn Churches, Lalibela (1978)
 Simien National Park (1978)
 Fasil Ghebbi, Gondar Region (1979)
 Aksum (1980)
 Lower Valley of the Awash (1980)
 Lower Valley of the Omo (1980)
 Tiya (1980)
 Hara Jugol, the Fortified Historic Town (2006)
 Konso Cultural Landscape (2011)
 Rock Hewn Churches, Lalibela (1978)

 Dubbed as the ‘New Jerusalem’, this is one

of the most breathtaking sites included in
this list of World Heritage Sites by
UNESCO in Ethiopia. Located in the
Amhara Region, this site boasts of 11
monolithic cave churches that were built in
the 13th century.
 The churches are located within a
traditional village with circular-shaped
dwellings. The city of Lalibela itself is
considered important for the Christian
community in Ethiopia since it is a place of
pilgrimage and devotion.
 Simien National Park (1978)
 This national park comprises the Simien
Mountains in Ethiopia. It is the only natural site in
the list of UNESCO World Heritage Sites in
Ethiopia. It is also among the first sites in Ethiopia
to be recognized by UNESCO (inscribed in 1978).
 It was recognized for being the refuge for many
endangered species living among the Simien
Mountains including the walia ibex and Ethiopian
wolf. However, it was also included in the list of
World Heritage Sites in Danger in 1996.
 Fasil Ghebbi, Gondar Region (1979)

• This property included in the list of UNESCO World

Heritage Sites in Ethiopia consists of eight component
sites. The main site is the Fasil Ghebbi palace compound.
Meanwhile, the other seven sites are located within the
city of Gondar. These sites include a monastery, church,
thermal area, bath, and a palace.
• Gondar was established as the capital of Ethiopia by King
Fasil during the 17th century. By the 18th century, the site
was transformed from a camp into a fortified compound.
  Aksum (1980)

The ancient city of Aksum is located close to the

northern border of Ethiopia. The ruins of this ancient
city were recognized by UNESCO as a World Heritage
Site due to its cultural importance. In fact, this city
marked as the heart of the ancient Ethiopia that also
reflects the power of the kingdom at that time. There
are several ruins in the ancient city that include royal
tombs, ancient castle ruins, monolithic obelisks, and
giant stelae.
 Lower Valley of the Awash (1980)

• This site is not only important for Ethiopia but also for
the entire African continent. This site holds the largest
and most important collection of paleontological sites.
• The oldest of the remains on the site date back to more
than 4 million years ago. This site is the perfect
example of human evolution since the conception of
humankind history. The biggest discovery on the site
took place in 1974 when 52 skeletal fragments allowed
the reconstruction of the famous Lucy.
 Lower Valley of the Omo (1980)

• This prehistoric site at the lower valley of the

Omo is famous all over the world. Several fossil
remains were discovered on this site near Lake
Turkana. The most notable fossil discovered here
is the Homo gracilis.
• It was fundamental in the study of human history
and evolution. Included in this site is Fejej and
Konso paleontological research sites wherein
there are sedimentary deposits found that
researchers trace back to the plio-pleistocene
period.
 Tiya (1980)
 The Soddo region in Addis Adaba, Ethiopia is home
to over 160 archaeological sites. However, Tiya is
considered as the most important of these sites. It
has 36 monuments with 32 carved stelae marked
with symbols.
 Many of these symbols were not known and
researchers are trying to decipher what these
symbols meant. Researchers and archaeologists
believe that these monuments serve as an important
example of the Ethiopian culture, of which many still
have not discovered the origin of.
 Harar Jugol, the Fortified Historic Town (2006)
• This historic and fortified town is located amidst a plateau
with deep gorges. The fortified town is also surrounded
by savannah and deserts. The walls that surround this
sacred city were built from 13th century and completed
by the 16th century.
• It is also believed to be the holiest city for Islam due to
the rich collection of important Islam monuments notably
including 82 mosques and 102 shrines. But above all, this
town is culturally significant in Ethiopia as it showcases
the fusion of Islamic and African traditions in a single
town – both in terms of urban development, layout, and
overall character of this town.
 Konso Cultural Landscape (2011)
• This is another cultural site on the list of UNESCO World Heritage
Sites in Ethiopia. It is an arid property of stone walled terraces and
fortified settlements. This cultural tradition has been around for
over 21 generations (over 400 years) in Ethiopia.
• It is an excellent example of how the settlements and the humans
living in the region adapted to the dry and hostile environment in
the Konso highlands. Within the site, you will also find wooden
statues that were put up to honor key members of the community.
In fact, they have innovated the use of stone steles that indicate the
passing of important leaders of the community.
 Sites on the Tentative List (6)
Gedeo Mixed Cultural and Natural  Bale Mountains National Park (2008) Bale Mountains National Park (2008)
 Dirre Sheik Hussein Religious, Cultural and
Historical Site (2011)
 Holqa Sof Omar: Natural and Cultural Heritage
(Sof Omar: Caves of Mystery) (2011)
 Gedeo Mixed Cultural and Natural Landscape
(2012) Dirre Sheik Hussein (2011)
Melka Kunture  Melka Kunture and Bachilt Archaeological Site
(2012)
 Sacred Landscapes of Tigray (2018)

Sacred Landscapes of Tigray Holqa Sof Omar:

 Sites on the Tentative List (6)
in Ethiopia
Gedeo Mixed Cultural and Natural  Bale Mountains National Park (2008) Bale Mountains National Park (2008
 Dirre Sheik Hussein Religious, Cultural and
Historical Site (2011)
 Holqa Sof Omar: Natural and Cultural Heritage
(Sof Omar: Caves of Mystery) (2011)
 Gedeo Mixed Cultural and Natural Landscape
(2012) Dirre Sheik Hussein (2011)
Melka Kunture  Melka Kunture and Bachilt Archaeological Site
(2012)
 Sacred Landscapes of Tigray (2018)

Sacred Landscapes of Tigray Holqa Sof Omar: