2020 International Conference on Computer Science and Software Engineering (CSASE), Duhok, Kurdistan Region – Iraq
Fuzzy logic controller based Shunt Active Power
Filter for Current Harmonic Compensation
Ekhlas M. Thajeel
Electrical Engineering Department Electrical Engineering Department
University of Technology University of Technology
Baghdad, Iraq
30091@uotechnology.edu.iq 30011@uotechnology.edu.iq
Abstract—This paper presents the performance
investigation of three phase shunt active power filter (SAPF)
using proportional integral (PI) and Fuzzy Logic controller
(FLC). The control designing applied to active power filters
(APFs) play a key role on the improvement the performance of
APF. Compensate the harmonic component for the supply
current, can improve the power quality and enhance the
reliability and stability on power utility. In classical control
systems like PI controller, information of the controlled system
is essential in the formulation of a set of algebraic and
differential equations, which analytically relate inputs and
outputs. To overcome all these problems FL based control
techniques can be used; it is designed to improve compensation
capability by adjusting the current error using a fuzzy rule. The
performance of these controllers acting on SAPF has been done
on MATLAB simulation. The proposed system is composed by
three phase source that fed a non-linear rectifier and impedance
consisting of the combination of resistance and capacitance. The
obtained results using the proposed controller give satisfactory
results and verified through the simulations.
Keywords—harmonic distortion, APF, FLC, PI controller
I. INTRODUCTION
There was unexpected growing in non-linear loads in the
modern system of electrical distribution. As the loads number
exceed, harmonics currents produced by these loads may
become very considerable. The harmonic was detected as
early as the 1920s [1]. These harmonics can lead to a set of
various power system problems including the equipment
overheating, distorted voltage waveforms, excessive neutral
currents, malfunction in system protection, light flicker,
inaccurate power flow metering, etc. Understanding the
problems associated with the methods to decrease the
harmonic as well as the sources and effects of harmonics will
increase the efficiency of the distribution system [2]. To
reduce these harmonics many of the related literatures have
been studied for that. Passive filters are on the technique to
mitigate current harmonics but passive filters are having
limitations like fixed compensation and resonance problem
[3]. Recently, due to the evolution in modern power
electronics, new device called “active power filter (APF)” was
investigated and recognized as a applicable alternative to the
passive filters [4]. APF is a type of filter that uses either
current or voltage source as its major component. They
compensate voltage or current harmonics by injecting the
negative of the harmonic signal measured injected signals fed
are of same magnitude but in phase opposition with the
measured harmonic signals [5]. It is controlled to
attract/supply a compensated contemporary from/to the
utility, such that it eliminates harmonic current of the non-
978-1-7281-5249-3/20/$31.00 ©2020 IEEE
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Mazin M. Mahdi Eyad I. Abbas
Electrical Engineering Department
University of Technology
Baghdad, Iraq Baghdad, Iraq
30013@uotechnology.edu.iq
linear load [6]. Thus, the ensuing general cutting-edge drawn
from the AC source is sinusoidal. The APF wishes to generate
just sufficient reactive and harmonic cutting-edge to
compensate the non-linear masses within the line.
Performance of APF can be controlled by using various
controllers like PI, PID or Fuzzy controller, etc. In modern
times, the main effort of researchers is to replace these
traditional consoles with a new unconventional control
strategy especially like FLC algorithm [7], FL techniques
have been successfully employed in several power electronic
applications. To benefit from these advantages FL controller
based three phase SAPF proposes for performance
improvement to mitigate the harmonic of three phase supply
[8]. Normally, PI controller has been used in SAPFs for dc
voltage regulation [9]. This approach based on a PI controller
requires an accurate linear mathematical model which is
difficult to obtain. Also, failure to perform satisfactorily under
load disturbances, non-linearity, and parameter variations. In
the recent year, FLC has been of attention as a typical alternate
in more applications. Fuzzy systems do not require an accurate
mathematical model; the benefit of this is that: They can deal
with non-linearity; it can work with inaccurate inputs and it is
more powerful than traditional non-linear controllers. DC
voltage of dc-link capacitor of the inverter must be constant
and it follows the reference voltage as much as possible, so
using FL technique in this paper to maintain DC voltage of
capacitor. This paper presents a new controller system
equipped with IGBTs for harmonic compensation. The
principles and applications of the proposed operating system
are discussed and a new method of harmonic compensation,
patterns using FL controller method and generating optimal
switching control algorithms, are presented.
II. SHUNT ACTIVE POWER FILTER
SAPF is mainly used to resolve the supply current
harmonics compensation in the distribution system caused by
the non-linear loads as shown in Fig. 1. The SAPF works as a
current source and injects the components of current harmonic
induced by the load but phase shifted by 180. The harmonic
of load current components are cancelled by the usage of the
active power filter, and the current of the source remains the
sinusoidal and in phase with the relevant phase to the neutral
voltage. Shunt Active Filters are commonly used and they are
more economical than Series Active Filters.
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 2020 International Conference on Computer Science and Software Engineering (CSASE), Duhok, Kurdistan Region – Iraq

Isa ILa ݅௦௕ ‫ כ‬ൌ ݅ௗ •‹ሺ‫ ݐݓ‬െ ʹߨȀ͵ሻ ൅ ݅௤ …‘•ሺ‫ ݐݓ‬െ ʹߨȀ͵ሻ (4)
Vsa Lsa
Isb ILb Nonlinear
Vsb
Isc
Lsb
ILc
Load ݅௦௖ ‫ כ‬ൌ ݅ௗ •‹ሺ‫ ݐݓ‬൅ ʹߨȀ͵ሻ ൅ ݅௤ …‘•ሺ‫ ݐݓ‬൅ ʹߨȀ͵ሻ (5)
Vsc Lsc

S1 S3 S5 To maintain constant dc-link capacitor voltage and to

Lfa
Ifa minimize the steady-state error of the voltage source inverter,
Lfb the conventional controller (proportional integral PI)
Ifb
Ifc
Lfc Cdc
controller is used. The gains of the PI controller are tuned in
S6 S2 S4
accordance with the criterion of the Ziegler–Nichols tuning
Shunt Active Power method, which tunes the gain values until the system yields a
Filter
M
better result. Ziegler-Nichols method is one of the most
VS effective methods that increase the usage of PI controller.
If
IL
Control Circuit The parameters of current controllers are (K P=0.679045,
KI=10.197454). In addition, the filter reference signals are
Fig. 1. SAPF Block Diagram. acquired by separating the base frequency and inversely
transforming and converting its current harmonics in rotating
frame to stationary frame. The value of the maximum
reference is guessed by the PI controller and controls the dc-
III. REFERENCE CURRENT EXTRACTION CONTROLLER side of the inverter capacitor voltage, which is converted in s
APF performance is greatly influenced by the choice of domain using the following transfer function:
current control technologies. By using PI controller or FLC,
the reference signal is extracted from the distortion line ௎ሺୱሻ
ൌ ‫ ୔ܭ‬൅ ‫ ୍ܭ‬Τܵ (6)
current. Traditional PI controller has been used to determine ாሺୱሻ

the desired reference signal and to control the dc-link

capacitor voltage of the inverter [10]. A synchronous Where KP is the proportional constant and KI is the integration
reference frame (SRF) control system for removing constant. The dc-link capacitor voltage is sensed and
harmonics and reactive power compensation. The SRF compared with a reference voltage [12]. Comparison result
controller has been developed in the time domain based on error, at the nth sampling instant is: e = V dc,ref – V dc has been
the reference current production method. The block diagram used as the input to PI controller. The error passes through
of the SRF controller can be shown in Fig. 2. low pass filter (LPF) to separate the components of higher
order and only passes the base frequency.
VDC,ref

PI
IV. PROPOSED CONTROL ALGORITHM
controller
FLC was introduced by Zadeh in 1965; it is derived from
VDC fuzzy set theory. In fuzzy set theory, enhances the transition
Isa*
dq between non-membership and membership role. Thus, the
iLa HPF to Isb*
abc
abc
boundaries or restriction of a fuzzy set can be unknown and
iLb to
iLc dq HPF
Isc* obscure, and useful for designing approximate systems. So as
to perform the FLC algorithm of the APF in a closed loop,
the dc-link capacitor sensed the voltage and compared it with
sin Ɵ
the required reference value. This calculated error indication
Vsa(t) PLL cos Ɵ (e = V dc,ref – V dc) passing through the LPF. The signal of
error e (n) and the signal of change the error indication ce (n)
Fig. 2. Synchronous Reference Frame Controller. are used as inputs for fuzzy development. The inputs become
fuzzified in the block of fuzzification and are forwarded to
The compensation method based on Park transformation the block of decision-making to get the output with consider
is proposed. The proposed algorithm derive rotating the base rule and the data sets. The output is forwarded to the
coordinate current id –iq from a 3-ɸ stationary coordinate load block of defuzzification to obtain the rate of corresponding
current iLa, iLb, iLc using the following expressions [11]: crisp [10]. The FL algorithm output is changed in maximum
ଶ
current δImax(n). The maximum current Imax(n) of the
݅ௗ ൌ మഏ మഏ (1) reference is resolved, at nth sampling moment, by gathering
ଷቂ௜ಽೌ ୱ୧୬ሺ௪௧ሻା௜ಽ್ ୱ୧୬ቀ௪௧ି ቁା௜ಽ೎ ୱ୧୬ቀ௪௧ା ቁቃ
య య the former current Imax(n - 1) to the reference current change
ଶ
[13]:
݅௤ ൌ మഏ మഏ  (2)
ଷቂ௜ಽೌ ୡ୭ୱሺ௪௧ሻା௜ಽ್ ୡ୭ୱቀ௪௧ି
య
ቁା௜ಽ೎ ୡ୭ୱቀ௪௧ା ቁቃ
య ‫ܫ‬௠௔௫ ሺ݊ሻ ൌ ‫ܫ‬௠௔௫ ሺ݊ െ ͳሻ ൅ ߜ‫ܫ‬௠௔௫ ሺ݊ሻ (7)

The desired reference currents are then derived by the This current Imax takes response for the demand of active
inverse transformation of the currents in rotating frame to that power to compensate harmonic and reactive power. By using
of stationery frame using the equations below: the PWM, the reference signal is compared to actual signal to
create switch patterns of the inverter.
݅௦௔ ‫ כ‬ൌ ݅ௗ •‹ሺ‫ݐݓ‬ሻ ൅ ݅௤ …‘•ሺ‫ݐݓ‬ሻ (3)

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 2020 International Conference on Computer Science and Software Engineering (CSASE), Duhok, Kurdistan Region – Iraq

Designing of Control Rules
The rules of FC based on membership function (MF)
specified or link input and output variables [14]. The number
and type of MF decided the computational effectiveness for
FLC method. Determining MFs relies on the knowledge and
expertise of the designer. MFs form selection affects how
well the rules of fuzzy system convergence functionality [10].
In order to validate the proposed APF performance based on
a FL approach; we must evaluate this by creating a simulation
file in Matlab/Simulink. The system of fuzzy inference is a
typical computational framework based on the designation of
fuzzy set theory. [15]. In this work, the Mamdani based
inference system is implemented to obtain a fuzzy set of
control rules. The terms IF (condition) and THEN (result) are
used to define rules. The conditions and results are linguistic
expression that perform the input variables and output
variables respectively Designed rules for the base of
knowledge are defined in Fig. 3.
negative. For zero error and zero rate of change of error, no
compensation is wanted.
V. RESULTS ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSIONS
Performance of SAPF in mitigating harmonics in the
current supply was analysed with different current control
methods for dc-link capacitor voltage control to get the
reference current signal. To verify the SAPF design,
simulations were executed by using the SimpowerSystemsTM
toolbox and Matlab Simulink®. The six inverter switches of
the APF are modelled with insulated gate bipolar transistor
(IGBTs). Different plots are plotted and the results are
compared with traditional techniques. The three phases
SAPF under study contain of a 3-phase, full bridge inverter
and dc-link capacitor putting at the dc-side as shown in Fig.
1. The supply voltage and the full load line current simulation
waveforms before compensation can be shown in Fig. 4.

Voltage (V) & Current (A)

400
Line current
200 Supply voltage

-200

-400
0.3 0.31 0.32 0.33 0.34 0.35
Time (t)

Fig. 4. Line current and supply voltage simulation waveforms (current

scale: 10x).

A three phase system with nonlinear loads, was presented

to find the best design for SAPFs. TABLE I, shows the
specified parameters of the SAPF, grid and rectifier.

TABLE I. THE PARAMETERS OF THE SYSTEM WITH APF

Specifications Parameters Values

Supply phase voltage (Peak) VS 310 V
Supply frequency fS 50 Hz
AC reactor Lac 5 mH
dc-link capacitor Voltage Vdc 600 V
dc-link capacitor C 1000 µF
dc- capacitor Cdc 1000 µF
Filter inductor Lf 0.9 mH
Filter resistor Rf 0.05 Ω
Sample time TS 50 µs

Fig. 3. (a) Fuzzy control rule (b) Surface viewer. Switching frequency FS 10 kHz
Load resistor RL 50 Ω
In this work, triangular membership functions was chosen Nonlinear load: Diode Bridge DB 63 A
to represent numerical terms into linguistic terms, the rule
matrix (5x5) as shown in Fig. 3, include the rule base of the
fuzzy for the tuning and required modifications. For that, five From TABLE II we see that the total harmonic distortion
linguistic variables are selected as input and output: (1) (THD) from the 5th to 25th order harmonic currents overtake
positive (P); (2) positive large (PL); (3) zero (Z); (4) negative the tolerances based on IEEE standard 519-1992. Therefore,
large (NL); (5) negative (N). When the error is positive and to mitigate the harmonics adequately to fulfil standards,
the rate of change of error is positive /zero, the compensation filters must be used and APFs are economical and appropriate
has to be positive. While the error is negative and the rate of filter to mitigate harmonic.
change of error is negative/zero, the compensation has to be

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 2020 International Conference on Computer Science and Software Engineering (CSASE), Duhok, Kurdistan Region – Iraq

TABLE II. CURRENT HARMONICS IN PHASE (A) BEFORE AND AFTER

25
SAPF WITH DIFFERENT CONTROLLERS.
20

15

Harmonic Measured IEEE Measured Measured

Current source (A)

10
orders Value W/O standard Value With Value With
5
APF 519-1992 APF-PI APF-FLC
0

5th 29.8 4 1.86 0.29 -5

7th 8.5 4 1.59 0.49 -10

11th 6.03 2 0.39 1.01 -15
13th 3.44 2 0.34 0.43
-20
17th 2.13 1.5 0.49 0.37
19th 1.85 1.5 0.62 1.04 -25
0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3
23th 1.00 0.6 0.43 0.54 Time (s)
25th 0.96 0.6 0.41 0.47
THD 31.9 5 5.59 3.90

Before using APF, the source currents have a large amount of Fundamental (50Hz) = 14.57 , THD= 5.59%
harmonics, and the THDs are 33.9%. The simulation results 30

are extracted and presented. The source current and harmonic

25

Mag (% of Fundamental)
spectrums before compensation are shown in Fig. 5.
20

25
15
20

15 10
Current source (A)

10
5
5

0 0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

-5
Harmonic order

-10

-15 Fig. 6. Line current simulation waveforms and harmonic spectrums with
APF using PI- Controller.
-20

-25
0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 To further improve for the harmonic reduction of the line
Time (s) current, the FLC is proposed to eliminate the effects of load
current harmonics and distortions for the PI controller. APF
proves the efficiency of FL to control the voltage of dc –link
Fundamental (50Hz) = 11.01 , THD= 31.94%
capacitor and compensate the harmonic distortion. From the
30 result, it can be shown that the APF with FLC is very
convenient for harmonic compensation (THD=3.90%) as
Mag (% of Fundamental)

25
shown in Fig. 7.
20

15 25

20
10
15
5
Current source (A)

10

0 5
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
Harmonic order 0

-5

-10
Fig. 5. Line current simulation waveforms and harmonic spectrums before
APF. -15

-20
The simulation waveforms of the line current with SAPF -25
0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3
using PI controller can show in Fig. 6. It can be seen that the Time (s)
distortion in the source current is eliminated (THD=5.59%).

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 2020 International Conference on Computer Science and Software Engineering (CSASE), Duhok, Kurdistan Region – Iraq

Fundamental (50Hz) = 13.92 , THD= 3.90%

30 60

25 40
Mag (% of Fundamental)

Current source (A)

20 20

15 0

10 -20

5
-40

0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 -60
Harmonic order
0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35
Time (s)

Fig. 7. Line current simulation waveforms and harmonic spectrums with

APF using FLC.
Fig. 10. Line current simulation waveforms after compensation due to the
The performance of SAPF must keep the dc voltages variation of the load.
across the dc-link capacitors balanced at the required level
By using FLC; THD of the source current was 3.90 % and
(600 V). The capacitor voltage clearly follows its reference
has changed to 4.8 %, while by using conventional PI method
with a little oscillation dependent on the transition the power
the THD was 5.59% and has changed to 10.40 % when the
between the SAPF and the source as illustrated in Fig. 8.
load changes. From analysis, it has been found that FLC
technique proves to be effective in reducing the THD of the
1000 source current even at transient case.
900
Using PI
DC-Link voltage regulation (V)

Using FLC
800 Figure 11 showing the comparison of dc-link voltage with
700 conventional PI controller and with FLC due to the load
600 change.
500

400

300
1000
200 Using PI
900
Using FLC
100
800
0
700
DC Voltage (volt)

0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3

Time (s) 600

500

Fig. 8. dc- link voltage waveform at steady state case. 400

300

To demonstrate the validity of the APF to operate even 200

when the load changes, the load current is suddenly doubled 100

at t = 0.2s. Figs. 9 and 10 show the source current waveform 0

0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3
before and after compensation respectively. Time (s)

Fig. 11. dc- link voltage waveform due to the variation of the load.
60
From the above simulation, it can be shown the results of
40
implementing different method to control the dc-link voltage
Current source (A)

20 in the cases of steady-state and transient by using FLC and PI

0 controller to precisely compute fundamental component of
current. There are advantages in terms of implementation for
-20
some techniques over others. The fast response of the FL
-40 controller for the dc-link voltage can provide high
-60 performance with less variation compared to the traditional
0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35
PI controllers.
Time (s)
VI. CONCLUSIONS
SAPF are used to improve the power quality in terms of
Fig. 9. Line current simulation waveforms before compensation due to the harmonics and reactive power compensation. This paper
variation of the load.
simulates an APF equipped with FLC to effectively control
the dc bus voltage and improve the steady state and transient
performances. FLC is proposed in this analysis of the SAPF
for dc voltage with different cases of study. The PI controller

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 2020 International Conference on Computer Science and Software Engineering (CSASE), Duhok, Kurdistan Region – Iraq

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[13] D. P. Kumar, "Investigations on shunt active power filter for power
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