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Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 + 10A: Number and Algebra: Linear and Non-Linear
Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 + 10A: Number and Algebra: Linear and Non-Linear
relationships
FLUENCY
Mark Progression
point
1 The equation of the line drawn below is: 1 8.5
A 3 y 5 x 15 0
B 3 y 5 x 15 0
C 3 x 5 y 5 0
D 3x 5 y 15 0
E 3 y 5 x 15 0
Answer: B
Answer: C
Answer: A
4 The distance between the two points (6, 4) and (3, –2) is: 1 9.0
A 45
B 85
C 79
D 75
E 5
Answer: A
5 The equation of a linear graph that passes through (2, 2) and (2, 7) is: 1 8.5
A 4x – 5y + 18 = 0
B 5x + 4y + 18 = 0
C 5x + 4y – 18 = 0
D 5x – 4y – 18 = 0
E 4x + 5y + 18 = 0
Answer: D
6 If the midpoint of the line segment joining the points P (9, –4) and Q (x, y) has 1 8.75
the coordinates (12, 5), then the coordinates of Q are:
A (10.5, 0.5)
B (15, 14)
C (16.5, 7)
D (6, –3)
E (33, 14)
Answer: B
7 The midpoint of the line segment joining (–1, –5) and (3, –5) is: 1 8.75
A (2, –5)
B (1, 5)
C (1, –5)
D (2, 0)
E (–1, 0)
Answer: C
Answer: A
9 The line that passes through (0, –3) and (2, 3) also passes through: 1 9.5
A (3, 0)
B (3, 1)
C (0, 1)
D (–2,–9)
E (–1, 3)
Answer: D
UNDERSTANDING
10 Determine the equation of the line AB from the diagram. 3 8.5
Answer:
Identify the two points A (2, –1) and B (4, 5).
y y
m 2 1
x2 x1
5 1
m
42
m3 [1 mark]
y mx c
1 3(2) c
c 7 [1 mark]
y 3x 7 [1 mark]
Answers:
(a) y 12 4 x
(b) 4 x 3 y 36
(c) 3 y 2 x 15
The y-intercept occurs when x 0.
3 y 2 0 15
y 5
The y -intercept (0, 5) [1 mark]
The x-intercept occurs when y 0.
3 0 2 x 15
15
x
2
1
The x-intercept 7 , 0 [1 mark]
2
12 AB is the diameter of a circle with A (–1, 3) and B (5, –3). What is the radius 4 9.25
of the circle? Give your answer as an exact value.
Answer:
AB ( x2 x1 ) 2 ( y2 y1 ) 2
5 1 3 3
2 2
AB [1 mark]
62 (6) 2
36 36
2 36 [1 mark]
AB 6 2 [1 mark]
6 2
Radius
2
3 2 [1 mark]
13 Given the five lines below, explain the following, giving a reason for each. 6 10.0
L1 : 2 x 5 y 7
L2 : 5 x 2 y 2
L3 : 2 x y 1
2
L4 : y x 10
5
L5 : y 1 5 x
Answers:
2
[2 marks]
(a) L1 and L4 are parallel as they have the same gradient, 5 .
(b) L1 and L2 are perpendicular as the gradients when multiplied together = –1.
2 5 [2 marks]
1
5 2
(c) L2, L3 and L5 all intersect at the point (0, 1). [2 marks]
14 Determine the equation of the line that is parallel to the line whose equation is 4 9.25
3
2 x 3 y 6 and has an x-intercept of 2 .
Answer:
2x 3y 6
2
m= 3 [1 mark]
A line that is parallel to this line will have the same gradient.
2
y xc
3
3
,0
2 is on the line [1 mark]
2 3
0 c
3 2
c 1 [1 mark]
The line that is parallel to 2 x 3 y 6 is:
2
y x 1
3
2x 3y 3 0 [1 mark]
REASONING
Answers:
(a)
(i) If the lines are parallel, their gradients are exactly the same.
2x 3y 5
2
m
3
ax 6 y 14
a
m [1 mark]
6
Solve for a.
a 2
6 3
a 4 [1 mark]
(ii) If the lines are perpendicular, the product of their gradients is –1.
a 2
1 [1 mark]
6 3
a
1
9
a9 [1 mark]
24 17
,
(b) 2x + 3y = 5. Substitute the point 13 39 .
24 17
2 3
13 39
48 17
13 13
65
13
5
24 17
,
So, 13 39 lies on the line 2x + 3y = 5. [1 mark]
It means that the two lines 2x + 3y = 5 and –4x 6y = 14 intersect at the
point
24 17
,
13 39 . [1 mark]
16 Michael’s Plumbing charges $50 a visit plus $25 per hour. 7 9.5
(a) Find an equation relating the cost of the visit (C) and the length of the
visit (t, in hours).
(b) What does a 45-minute visit from the plumber cost?
(c) If the bill is $81.25, how long did the plumber stay?
Answers:
(a) A visit of 0 hours costs $50 (y-intercept).
A visit of 1 hour costs $75.
Consider the points (0, 50) and (1, 75).
y y
m 2 1
x2 x1
75 50
1 0
25
C mt c
C 25t 50 [2 marks]
3
(b) When t = 4 hours,
3
C 25 50
4
3
68
4
A 45-minute plumbing visit costs $68.75. [2 marks]
(c) If C = $81.25,
81.25 = 25t + 50
31.25 = 25t
t = 1.25
1
1
The plumber would have stayed for 4 hours. [3 marks]
17 Show that triangle PQR is right-angled, where the coordinates of the vertices 8 10.0
are P (2, 6), Q (5, 7) and R (8, –2).
Answer:
Distance between two points ( x2 x1 ) 2 ( y2 y1 ) 2
5 2 7 6
2 2
PQ
32 (1)2
9 1
10 [2 marks]
8 5 2 7
2 2
QR
32 (9) 2
9 81
90 [2 marks]
8 2 2 6
2 2
PR
62 (8)2
36 64
100
10 [2 marks]
PR PQ QR
2 2 2
2 2
102 10 90
100 10 90
100 100 [2 marks]
Hence PQR is a right-angled triangle.
PROBLEM SOLVING
18 Using coordinate geometry, prove that the line segment joining A to the 5 10.0
midpoint of BC and the line segment joining C to the midpoint of AB are
congruent.
Answer:
Let X be the midpoint of BC.
Let Y be the midpoint of AB.
4a 8a 4b 0
,
X= 2 2
X = (6a, 2b) [1 mark]
0 4a 0 4b
,
Y= 2 2
Y = (2a, 2b) [1 mark]
6a 0 2b 0
2 2
AX =
6a
2
(2b) 2
=
36a 2 4b 2
=
2 9a 2 b 2
= [1 mark]
8a 2 a 0 2b
2 2
CY =
6a
2
(2b) 2
=
36a 2 4b 2
=
2 9a 2 b 2
= [1 mark]
AX is congruent to CY.
This means that the line segment joining A to the midpoint of BC is congruent
to the line segment joining C to the midpoint of AB. [1 mark]
Answers:
(a) If the lines are perpendicular bisectors, that means each line passes through
the other line’s midpoint. Find the midpoints of AB and AC.
x x y y2
Midpoint of AB 1 2 , 1
2 2
4 0 6 4
,
2 2
2,5 [1 mark]
2 0 0 4
Midpoint of AC ,
2 2
1, 2 [1 mark]
y y
mAB 2 1
x2 x1
64
4 0
1
2
A line perpendicular to AB has a gradient of 2. [1 mark]
Find the equation of the line perpendicular to AB with gradient 2.
y y1 m x x1
y 5 2( x 2)
y 2x 9 [1 mark]
04
mAC
2 0
2
1
A line perpendicular to AC has a gradient of 2 . [1 mark]
Find the equation of the line perpendicular to AC.
1
y 2 ( x 1)
2
2 y x 3 [1 mark]
If (–3, 3) lies on both lines, then the bisectors meet at this point.
Substitute (–3, 3) into the equation of one line.
y 2x 9
3 2(3) 9
33 [1 mark]
Substitute (–3, 3) into the equation of the other line.
2 y x 3
2 3 (3) 3
66 [1 mark]
Hence the perpendicular bisectors meet at (–3, 3). [1 mark]
Total marks: 71