,xonciSE PROBLEMS A fluid flowing in a pipe 30 em in diameter has a uniform velocity of 4 m/s. The pressure at the center of the pipe is 40 KPa, and the elevation of the pipe’s centerline above an assusned datum is 4.5 m. Compute the total energy per unit weight of the flowing fluid if it is (a) oil (sp, gr. 0.80) (b) gas (w= 8.50N/m*) @) 104 ur @) 4,91 Yd A liquid of specific gravity 1.75 flows in a 6 cm pipe. The total energy at a point in the flowing liquid is 80 J/N. The elevation of the pipe above a fixed datum is 2.60 m and the pressure in the pipe is 75 KPa. Determine the velocity of flow and the power available at that point. Point A in the suction pipe is 1 m below the pump. It is mounted with an open.manometer which reads a vacuum of 20 cm of mercury. The pipe is 10 cm in diameter and the flow is 35 litres/s of water. Compute the total energy at point A with respect to a datum through the pump. A city requires a flow of 1.50 m°/s for its water supply. Determine the diameter of the pipe if the velotity of flow is to be 1.80 m/s. A pipeline consists of three successive lengths of 50 em, 40 cm, and 30 cm pipes. With a continuous discharge of 300 litres/s of oil (sp. gr. 0.75) compute the mean velocity in each pipe. A 30 cm pipe is connected by a reducer to a 10 cm Pipe, Points 1 and 2 are along the same elevation. The pressure at 1 is 200 KPa. The flow is 30 litres/s and the energy lostv 236 to 20 KPa. Computy, | iatwees 2, is equivalent 00 ot. ty Pressure F aitthe liquid flowiné ™ the jet (Fig. A) if the 7. Compute the velocity head on tar is 30 mae i and the ee aw ye 1 is 30 m of the flowing water ang y* head lost between points 1 and 2 is 5% of the velocity het in the jet. i i f sea water (sp. gr. 1.03) is . aaa a asrmne prowure at 1 is 100 KPa while at 2g pressure is ~ 16 KPa, Point 2 is 6 m higher than 1. Comput, the energy lost in KPa between 1 and 2 if D, = 80 cm ang D, = 10cm. C} In Fig. C, a 5 cm pipeline leads downhill from a reservoir and discharges into the air. If the loss of head between A and Bis 44 JN, determine the discharge. 10. A pump draws water from a 20 cm suction pipe and dis charges through a 15 cm pipe in which ihe velocity is 4 m/s, The pressure is — 35 KPa at A. The 15 cm Pipe discharges into the air at C. To what height h above B can the water be raised if B is 2 m above A and 25 KW is delivered to the Pump? Assume that the pump operates at 70% efficiency and the frictional loss between A and C is 3 J/N. See Fig. D. 11, Fig.-E shows a siphon discharging oil (sp. er. 0,90). The siphon is composed of 8 cm pipe from A to B followed bY 10 cm pipe from B to C. The head ie ead losses are: 1 to 2: 0.30 | JIN; 2 to 3: 0.20 JN and 3 to 4: te the discharge and determine the oe Pressures at points 2 and 3. 12. Foe anny water from reservoir A and lifts it tore voir B, ead losses are: A to 1: y? > B; 20 ¥3 Compute the output ooo. put Power in KW of the pump ané Pressure head 4 Pi aE at Point 2 if the discharge is 16 literss. 3°FIGURE A a, FIGURE B ‘Datum, LO FIGURE C238 Datum FIGURE D~ rt 60 cm pipe conducts water ¢, 239 i which is dischargi, ean Yeservoir A toa Pressure tailrace B. The head losses another 60 cm pipe into . a 2 ip! v’/2g. If the discharge ig 070 ar ea $V (2,2 toB: jg being given up by the water to the turbine? rec ea ‘a fire pump celivere water through 1 hydrant to which is connected an g cm hose, i i , nozzle 2 cm in diameter, The nozzle, aladd verti a ig 1.60 m above the hydrant and 19 ™ above the pum The head losses wet Pump to hydrant: 3 JN; Hydrant: 2 JIN; hydrant to nozzle base: 12 JIN; Nozzle: 6% velocity head in the noe. r oe nee Pressure at the pump is 550 KPa to what vertic: eight can the jet be 1? pi jet thrown? Neglect air 5 cm main pipe to a Water from a reservoir is pumped over a hill i 90 cm in diameter, and a pressure of 200 pti ae at the summit where the pipe is 90 m above the reservoir, The quantity pumped is 1.40 m°/s and by reason of friction there is a head loss of 3 J/N between reservoir and summit, If the pump is 90% efficient, determine the input power furnished to the water. . The turbine shown in Fig. H extracts 50 J/N of water from the given pipe system. At the summit S 480 KPa is main- tained. Determine the flow and the pressure at the discharge side of the turbine considering the following losses: Summii to turbine: 4 times the velocity head in the 20 cm pipe; Turbine to reservoir: 3 times the velocity head in the 30 cm Pipe. A horizontal Venturi meter 45 cm by 60 cm is used to Meamure the flow of air through a 60 cm pipeline. A differen- tial gage connected to the inlet and the throat contains water ich i ‘dering the specific weight of Thich is deflected 10 em. Considering the specie wl “tas 12.60 N/m’, find the flow of 8 its axis inclined down- 4 Venturi meter 60 cm by 30 te dice, measured 80 deg from the horizon!wa Kaen ane FIGURE H toungealong the axis, from the inlet ne , : to the ditterential manometer shows a dees is 1.20 m. The mercury. If the flowing fluiq 4 Section of 15 em of c= 0.98. * water, find the discharge if tal range to which the stream can be thrown, Water is flowing through the pi ‘ig. I. Calculate the power of the turbine, neglect ecan es Calculate the minimum power of the pump which will send the jet over the wall shown in Fig, J. Neglect losses. In Fig. K h, = 20 cm and h, = 30 cm. If water is flowing, calculate the power of the pup. A 20 em pipe contains a short section in which the diameter is gradually reduced to 7.5 cm and then graduallly enlarged to full size. The pressure of water at a point where the reduction starts is 520 KPa. If the rate of flow is 35 liters/s, determine the pressure at the 7.5 cm section. Neglect losses. The inlet end of a pipe is 2.50 m above the discharge end. To maintain a flow of 85 liters/s through the 15 cm pipe a pressure of 250 KPa at the inlet end is kept, Compute the head Joss while passing through the pipe and determine the energy per second it represents. Consider water flowing. A water motor is supplied from & horizontal 30 cn ee ai Uses 220 liters/s. Discharge takes place vate a eine tical pipe. A differential gage tapped as bade the motor shows a deflection of 1,80 m of a vu t Points where the gage Was tapped are ee a distance of 1 m. If the motor * 80% Power output.242243 A pump draws water from a pit through a vertic which extends below the water surface, It tiiegt eet 15 em horizontal pipe 4.0 m above the water surface. While pumping 60 liters/s, a pressure gage on the discharge pipe rads eS » i 8 gage - the suction pipe showsa vacuum of 36 KPa. Rages are close to the separal py 8 vertical, distance mg ete 7 eit of 90 em. Compute the head lost in the suction pipe, Compute the change in energy per second between the gages. What is the power output of the pump? A free jet of water 5 cm in diameter is discharged from a nozzle at an angle of 60 deg. from the horizontal. If the pressure at the 10 cm base, 30 cm from the tip, is maintained at 465 KPa and C, = 0.97, what is the maximum distance that the nozzle can be placed from a building and still get water into a window which is 20 m above the nozzle? A Pitot tube in a pipe in which air is flowing is connected to a manometer containing water as in Fig. L. If the difference in water levels in the manometer is 10 cm, what is the velocity of flow in the pipe? Assume a tube coefficient of c, = 0.99, Specific weight of air is 12 N/m?. In Fig. M is shown a vertical pipe discharging water from an elevated tank into the atmosphere. It the pipe is 15 cm in diameter and the head loss is 0.04 v'/2g J/N per meter of pipe, compute the discharge and the pressure head in the pipe 30 cm below point A. In Fig. i of water enter. through the 12 diameter sient © Nile radially in all directions between a titcular plates 60 cm in diameter and 2.50 cm apart, charging into the air. Neglecting friction, determine the hute pressure at point B-$37 CHAPTER 6: PRINCIPLES.OF HYDRODYNAMICS 1, ERRATA Fe rr aeees cm below the centerline of the pipeline. IL ANSWERS TO EXERCISE PROBLEMS (Pages 235 1 (a) 10405/N (b) 4,711 J/N 37.8 m/s ; 147 KW —2724)N 1.03 m 1.53 m/s ; 2.39 m/s ; 4.24 m/s 173 KPa 28.8 J/N 4.40 J/N PP AP SP ms Fw BP 128 litres/s 5 16m ” gE 42 litresjs ; —226 KPa ; — 35 KPa 12 1287 KW ; 89,80 N 18 ar KW M 850m 1% 1784 kw Riek538 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 850 litres/s ; 206 KPa 7.50.m? /s 435 litres/s 14 litres/s 82.4 KW 40 Kw 72 KW 490 KPa 28 J/N ; 9.60 Kd/s 40 KW 0.43 J/N ; 12.90 KW 68,70 m 39.60 m/s 270 litres/s. ; — 58 KPa 96.4 KPa (absolute)