TIANEIIZTHMIO AQHNON TOMEAZ FAQEZOAOTIAE EAAHNIKH TAQZZ0AOTIA IIPAKTIKA TOY I’ AIEONOY> TAQEZOAOPIKOY ZYNEAPIOY TIA THN EAAHNIKH PAQEEA 2s A Lions TIg6e5go TEQPTIOE Mi UNIVERSITY OF ATHENS DEPARTMENT OF LINGUISTICS GREEK LINGUISTICS PROCEEDINGS OF THE 3rd INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON GREEK LINGUISTICS sdeoy, ADS pr von 5 Zuvedoiov [AMIINIQTHS Emytéheta ‘Exdoong AMAAL AQHI [A MOZEP INA 1999 EAAHNIKA IPAMMATATiecrpe deiypara axoxderstonoinons tov mnody xdeotéy tng EMnvunris ANDREAS L. KATONA Tlavervotiuto AOnvov Abstract It is largely assumed that the first sure evidence for the spirantization of the voiced stops of Greek, i.e. pronouncing (v y 8) instead of [b g d], can be traced back to Hellenistic Times. ‘This paper argues that owing to the principle of systemic pressure, spirantization must be much older. Several examples are brought both from inscriptional material and literature to prove this thesis. 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"stES") EivaL GyLEGOL GUVERLoTEs aVvtON TOV emupoviwatos. Qotgo xatL TérOL0, av xa TUAVE, SEV EivaL EiHORO va asTodeLzOEt exeidi) y (Sta Povodoyvar eGAcEn evar Suverty xau wevayevéotega. Tlas va equnvetiooupe avtés tis eEcgéaets; Thotedw dt to zeit moémel va elven weoundig eEcnpwvohoyind. O A. Martinet, 0 onoiog eivar xde dO naga SoyLatixds SoMLoTIs, GTO ovoKAGTS fifAio tov Economie ‘uéaver exaverdnpeves vikeLs oF "BxPOAOTIXONS” ZAdQOUS SsTOV xLOLQXOUY GAOL xavives. Alver yond agadetypate yuct THY oxEon THE ExPoAATURIE SHVaLIN, THs PuYMTUMIs KAL ‘ng ONHaoLodoyiac, Ta xagadelynaté tov agoooty oto GavmNE /b/”. ARhov avaqége. QOGBLARG Hat dAAG SedoHEVE TOV UOQOLV vaL ExNQEACOLY THY AAQEYWYH TOV K6yOU Hol [LYMPOVELEL exons “eAPQGOTING TEQUIdQLA Ta OMOLG vTEQBaivoUY pEQUAds tH oupPattadtmta tg yhdoous: “franges expressives qui échappent partiellement a I" arbitraire linguistique et a la double articulation” °° Zé GAO onuelo, av nat Weoa ad GAA oypPQULSpEva, avagége "gioEL expqaotinés AéEeUs'. AdEeLg Aowdv NYoMULNTUXés, oTOLyelA mMOOTEOMHS aNd THY avdvnt} yhoooa (Sm. va zivet To MaLdi), To "aXATARAMAOV" tng jevelas Lag MGEEWDs - vonitw Str PoLoxduaote ota "eXPQUOTIAG meQUIMQLU” xaL peEQUMdS Exts ms couppatxotntas.* Aey Bgfpia otov Martinet xapud zagatijonon avapogued jie tov evdexduevo TAQHHOL QO THY Ghhov S40 GovmKTO aL xATL TETOLO elvaL TAQAAATAO [He TO ‘yeyovds Ott Sev Porat nagduoles eaigéoels ata GAG Sto GoviNaTa, PUOLKd extds ad Ta OYLPOVLAG OYBTAEYPATA OV eUAOdiLoVV THY aToxkeLoToRoLnON, dmg mz. TO eyPaivw > "praiver". Motevo tor Sti 1 eounvela - uexoIg arodeiEems tov evavtiou - sigéset va xwveitar ext6s ovoTipatos. Ext6s maAaLod (ows avaTiaTos, je Téon PuoLd QOS TO VEO TOV vEWY xhELOTUV: Bev amTEXeL TORY 1 eNPAVION THY véwV xheOTOY HE TIMOVS OAUE TO TaNPUAAXS "nEdE", ROG. [pende] (=TEVTE) TQOHAVS 415 TO 10 [106 Tou dou au. .X., HEL GOYOTELE TO "Sexamévde"™*, yoaLEVO HE "Vd" Tuuréoaoua xau aoréhequa avtiig ts Aagovataong eivar due to ZeovWAS BABOS wv eEETAOPEVTON (POVOOYLXGY GaLVOLENWY avayETaL GE [Hi sEQIOBO LO NUhaL ad 6.11 moreverar yerend xu UT n StaslotHON dev MavohoyEiTaL axd BEMgNTUXés 477daTaoxerés HOvO AAA evraysietaL elong OAyHETOKoATIAG. TUyZOSveNS Stvera GAM |LLa aNddELEN -TQOUHEVOY THY avahOYLaY- TH OTS H AAAWS aUTOVoNTHS vOTmLETLATS Poaews THs Yhdooug wg GaLvOREVOV xa oUyKEXoULEVA THE EMnvLAs, TY omoia Oa Ocha TQGyROTAG va yoQoxTnQiow, avti we THY AEN "evorNTa”, ws ouVExis H ovenit6nevo yAwaowxs oborpa, RoaypctixX6 continuum, SHMEIQZEIS TI. Mxapswvusrn, F, ©1985: Zwvorra} worogla me hamwunrig yAdooas we etoaywyy omy tatogixoavyxo.tvey yhoaao)oyia (APYiva) 66.123-124. Tif. "Wenn die alten Sprachen auf den Ursprung der neuern Mundarten Licht werfen, so kénnen doch wieder viele Geheimnisse in der Natur der todten Sprachen nur durch die Zeugenaussagen der lebenden erklirt werden” (Muller, M. 1870: Vorlesungen Uber die Wissenschaft der Sprache 1 (Leipzig: Julius Ktinkhardt}: 267). "Cases vides", xf, Martinet 1955, 80(3.23). 81(3.23). 86(3.28) x. O ayyhvxds gos etvat, “holes in the pattern”, o yequawvads "Leerstellen”, EaAnvuxd extons: "wtodoxés", "xevet oto atornc’ Martinet 1955, 98(4.5) (5). Tuo enutugtig até to “aouovia” ceiver 0 690s “oumetota” ov aaavtd xavtow oro éoyo tov T. Maaurivuden, TB. ax6un “phonological symmetry" otov Katamba 1991 (o0. 25 2e88.) > THB. Martinet 1955, 09. 793.21). 85(3.28). 92(3.37). 98(4.6). 175(6.3) %4. Exepgdtouat ctor eneidy) dev eipct €& aos aveiBeros pe ts Bewoies tov vTooToGNATOs, dats bev elvan didore xat o Martinet, m8. Martinet 1955, 00. 16(1.7).193(6.28).239(9.6) x0. H aovppergia Aa jrrogovoe va embed we ty wHArH pion -™n oTLYH THE yhwoooyeHONS- ‘ng Agxatlag EXnvunig. H yvoort dato tou Chadwick meot avanléeig wag wooevoanatatig BLUAEATOV ws yudoaUS TOY xaTEOCTMTY xa Was AARNE deywwaTNE YUE Has YhedooaS, OTM m0 avertuynévn woop THE duapiiteta ovo Anzeiger der Osterreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften 113,1976, Nr. 7,189-190, eva ato éoyo Tov M. Yaxehhagiov mooapéoetaL wre mo Aertouegrig evdvea _n omoia vrohoyiter la opdda IvdoevQauiwy "peravaotov" immigrants") ite rola mOavibs eOvexd ovotartixd. To Eve eOvixd ororzelo Guus miBaWds va ny tira wooevgamatix6. BA. TY mo AodoGEETH aETLAT uehEM Tov BaxehAdglov ovo “Acta ‘Associationis Intemationalis (Serdicae) , Terra Antiqua Balcanica 6,1991,180-186, ‘ugiox (90.183-184. ® Buck 1955, 47(51), Lejeune 1972, 55(44) “Digamma scriptum esse plane constat” (Vollgraff, Mnemosyne, 59,1932, 382), ° E, Schwyzer, Griechische Grammatik 1. 0. 225 (1). 8 -BxéBn, 90. ® Toomavexns 1970, 380 '3 "mutation of the aspirates into the corresponding media (...] is more impressing to modern Greek ear” (Tsopanakis 1988, 85) ' G, Babinjotis: Mediae Question in Ancient Macedonian Greek Reconsidered 1989 (Hlavertoviito AOnvGy, ZtovdaatQvo Podgohoyias) xe1osyougo , 00. 15 (BA. 99. 11-12). O Mrayrewudtns, he Thy eounveta ave €Oeoe TégHae otis eQuNVE!es TOY TQOOAAOHOAY va eENoTIOOW Ta Gpuwpeve THe Moxedowuars ws ma Wiétovon tepitaOH diakéxtoU HH ws "nagExxAton’ ('deviation”).11p. ex. tov E.H. Hamp (Pwoaoioyia 9-10,1990, 7-8) 0 oxoios haxupver wt’ Oye thy SruooeWetoa HoogH Me HEhEms, uN MoOGLM Ya Weve. OH. yagaxmoiter tv hecxedovuxr EEN otny comnveia Maapttvuitn “a kind of lenition” (a. 8.). Pua to lenition, to onotov n axtoxetatoroinon etvat wia toregisttiogn, xB. Katamba 1991 oo. 103 xeE. 'S Ph@aoohoyia 7-8,1988-1989, 0. 554.6). '© Grammaire homérique, Tome 1: Phonétique et morphologie par P. Chantraine (1958) Troisieme irage avec une conclusion nouvelle (Paris: Klincksieck) 6.169. aitnhov: Gvitnkov, Gotdniov (A-T. Murray, Loeb Classical Library). °TLy, DELG 00. 692-693. ° SEG 26 (1976-1977) 1122), 2° HIN? p. $88: [ZIOX (?)] 21° TIB. exiong Hy magcrignon tov L. Dubois, nooxeytévou megk muas GRAng, mag6joLES egutTiaenc: “présence quasi certaine du nom de Zancle (IGDS 6. 7).t cn __ * P. Kretschmer: "Die Entstehung der Koine” - Sitzungsberichte der Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien CXLIII,10, Abh., Wien, 1901, 0. 16(1). 23.10 Igifrot tlt... 1] 2910 17g: [@ROTEVOL Hew Laon TOT ZL ORWALOL Rate TOALUARLEVOY ova. | on TOE Zi Ohvvaion] * Ake. TI Ig PLF*: [x6et xai yagitw. [ | Boadivorc éneB. [ | Soyac], Akx. Gig) PLF2. fod duehearo | xQds HOpov Aha BoaiBinng ndaLv | EBats ex’ Soxlovor], Adve. Fl(a)yy PLF2, ( B.008() 2 TIB. HGD I 6. 80: "unzweifelhaft die heimische Mundart” © Del3 2721: fodya a4! ba | weveig notn | oa five xhéos | ein] (=IG XI 1,737; Buck no. 100). 2 Tmpevovias BFEvy Novos, Proculi Chrestomathia, Hom. Op. t. V. p.109j6 (Oxford Classical Texts, Th.W. allen). IIB. Tooxavéveng 1970, 372, Tsopanakis 1988, 84.97. °° Buck 1955, 47. 2° 1G X13, 1166.2 S'IG XII 3, 11533.6 % "DaB Korinna in ihrem heimischen Dialekt dichtete, geht aus den Fragmenten deutlich hervor" (HGD 1 6. 10). 53 Koow. PMG 664 (2). > Koguy, PMG 664 (b)). H e&€un elvan maodAmn we ty avtioton taht: hat, ego> Utah. io, * Auapogervaé o Bliimel 1982: Die aiolischen Dialekte (Gottingen: Vandenhoek & Ruprecht) 81 8° @egeKud. Am. 7994.05 FGH LJ. e *” Exot o Buck egwtmratad (Buck, 0. 76), eniong HGD 158: 66=te(?). SIC HV,19. TB. ex. GDI 2125 Ag. Enyistartéov Ott to oto dvronidi avtinQoduTetel TO 29 Enat. agi Et. 15516 M (=FGH 1,104 J). “© Hoy. A 237 L, To dda Oupiter to wanedovens [badétyzar OGaGoEY) otoV Hoy. (A 148 L). * Toomavévang 1970, 380, Tsopanakis 1988, 91 * Aquotop. Ax, 234: (ahh Sel Cntely toy Gvboa nai Phérew Baddivads]. © Aguorog. a7. 642: [Bbetv He wedAet nai xehever BA AEyELv]. (TIP. Hoy, B S54 L: BA Meyer Bhnyirau: 7 ved), “* Koarwy. 2agh EM 1969 (0.4. Bi): [tO KuNTEXoY Tig THY REOPETAY Pvc, | obyi BAL, A€yetar Aartexios. Koarivos Atovuaane- | BévdQ0! 6 5’ HAiDloc, donee mOdBarov, BALD Rew Badited (Kgatwy. An. 43 K (CAF p. 25): [BBA Kéyov Bodiéet). ® Zuygdveac zagantmoterat exiong wg “axardikhndov". Kux. Fam, IX 22,3: [Cum loquimur termi, nihil flagiti dicimus, at cum bini, obscenum est. Graecis quidem, inquies.] Karé tov Chadwick 1996 (6. 74) 0 hatewinds titog oereL var EQHNVELDEL «xc QOTTELTLA, OL «¢ OQLUTLAY. * 10 72: [al 8¢ Bevéor ev tiagot, Bot xa Awad (S)or xai xoB4Q0r teheiau] (=Del?. 4122.) *? Aguotog. Neg. 1382: [el nEV ye Body elnors, Ext yvovs Gv mel éxéoxov), “° T.L. Kovguotihng, "Hxngoi xhetotoi PO6yy04 Tig Ekknvexiig yong". ACHNA 53, 1949, 0. 73. * Martinet 1955, 135(4.58). 8° Martinet 1955, 173(6.1) 5! Martinet 1955, 213(8.4). IIB. axown: 16. 0. 186(6.19). °° TIB. tmy xgdaqpam Géexoyn tov J. Chadwick 1996 (4. 75): “in a ‘popular’ term of this kind [BMA Onwx 10 Bivéo] an unpredictable semantic development [vxoygdyysion dt jou] is not to be excluded”, To (dua ommregdouara e&dyet 0 Wescott (1988) 0 omoiog dev {et v6ym TOV Tov Martinet,- oquapevos ax6 thy TIIE - a6 pic gevva nov Exceve avacpogued jue To ava fb. Edad evrummovster 9 dtatiotwan dwt vpiotaran évas "vyMAdg avaxETIONds LETCED eucpeTx0d ” agyationod| xa avtiotaons omy HeTatorion Tov GOdyywv" ("high correlation [...] between emotive negativism and resistance to sound-shifting”, 0. 367). °8 DGP 35: [Suit méBe wai Séxa ér[s}a}. 3 SEG 6 (1932) 7285: [Pukavow dexad& xai waa I mov Sexanévd_) (1 at. wX., Morn, Taygviia). To "dexanévde” aver evtinum: 0 "d6xylos" Tinos étgeTe va eivat "nevtexaidexa”, 479BIBAIOTPA®IA Buck C.D, 1955: The Greek Dialects: Grammar, Selected Inscriptions, Glossary (Chicago: ‘The University of Chicago Press). Chadwick J. 1996: Lexicographica Graeca (Oxford: Clarendon Press). Katamba F. 1991: An Introduction to Phonology (London and New York: Longman). Lejeune M. 1972: Phonétique historique du mycénien et du grec ancien (Paris: Klincksieck). Martinet M.1955: Economie des changements phonétiques (Berne: Francke) Toonavéeng A.T. 1970: "Thwaatxd Maxedovias” S10 Aaovgda B. & X. Maxagova (ex5.) Aoyata Maxedovia [Ancient Macedonia], A' AuOvés Zyutdo.ov (Ceooadovixn) 334-352 [=A.T. Toomavaxn: Syupodés 11:1983, 369-387). ‘Tsopanakis A.G.1988: "Mutations of g, z, 0 into, y, 8 (in Cyprus, Macedonia, Homer and Modern Greek)" In Karageorghis J. & O. Masson (eds.) The History of the Greek Language in Cyprus. 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Hgbn. von Albert Thumb. Erster Teil (Heidelberg: Carl Winter). HGD Il 1959: Handbuch der griechischen Dialekte. Zweiter Teil Hgbn. von A. Scherer (Heidelberg: Carl Winter). HN? 1911: Historia Numorum: A Manual of Greek Numismatics. New and enlarged edition by Barclay V. Head et al. (Oxford: Clarendon Press). IC 1935-1939: Inscriptiones Creticae [...] Curavit Margarita Guarducci (Roma: R. Istituto di archeologia e storia dell'arte). 480IG 1873- : Inscriptiones Graecae Consilio et auctoritate Academiae Litterarum Regiae Borussicae (Berolini: apud Georgium Reimerum). IGDS 1989: L. Dubois: Inscriptions grecques dialectales de Sicilie: Contribution 4 I’ étude du vocabulaire grec colonial (Rome: Ecole Francaise de Rome). 10 1896: W. Dittenberger/K. Purgold: Die Inschriften von Olympia (Berlin: Verlag von A. Asher & Co). PLF2 1963: Poetarum Lesbiorum Fragmenta Ediderunt Edgar Lobel et Denys Page (Oxford: at the Clarendon Press). PMG 1967: Poetae Melici Graeci.[...] Edidit D.L. Page (Oxford: at the Clarendon Press ©1962). SEG 1923-: Supplementum epigraphicum Graecum (Lugduni Batavorum [Leiden]: Sijthoff - ‘Alpen aan den Rijn [The Netherlands] - Germantown (Maryland, USA: Sijthoff & Noordhoff - Amsterdam: Gieben). 481