CONTENTIOUS REPUBLICANS Popular Polities, Race, and Clas in Nineteenth-Century Colombia, Janes E. saNDERS Duke Univesity Press Dusham and London 2004 ‘Seema denaan net wit he pd anor se ub, einer fstinuanio wet) soe ‘hrwshow the eles EERE eh Combis of agp gabe eth als om te pel Seals a ytd? Brtherammer oi fe on ean oF wile expecations, Pst Jo his eral Py seme eal t fall he promis the ome of human bode in Colombi The Caren, i ‘urcofslvead fe whose ancestors had bathe brunt oft whose ‘evel odo cate waited tore whether th new words tha ey kept hharng sine the Ler ascenonopoue n TES ct I cs nc bari, plc aga, ee ag the wernt egal zens te oaton, most gagtng ‘Afto-olombins could vr tbe tine, tee pla Barsning noe 2 fm of baer more complied than tl fndsmently ese he ‘moder poli expectation that polars ade promises of fivorbe po ces, programs, ad the sues ges fr spor athe ballot. they had 7 sod setton wo suppon te bes, he Literals id not po er aolion Simpl out of dei, rw spite Conserate sve mtr, oo Sl oven esnomic and phiocopial progam, which sade a artle and ined plc "MDpot, perhaps atthe bala ox, but eon the ate thee on ‘nhc o many of Colm ons for power a ee esd The Afo-Colambins, hoe of Cargo andthe ret ofthe Cates, il at ‘spp, When Consens lunced i warn, bucks and i toes quick allied he be bane. Tey volte 9d bate withthe Af Colombians andthe Libera Pry sere tunel by thi epone ‘sa them, ding those oma das, arm hemslves spontaneous and natch tothe ampaig defend the legitimacy andthe regeneration of| denorac, ld men of igh years half make, embing with, ut ‘Thur weote Rema Mero, he Liberal perro Benen Peo lace daring those bey tins, rad, no doubt a oman tay god oun sneent-centty Clombisn Lea would ba Been, was gan Sore shout the macs and the soporte His exernc, howe, sal nt he dsmised 5 eran overactive poet sense othe more mundane ditt the poner feb respet anderen tbe lve, of hoseelow. Wha Mercado Iooed on with apprehension tbs rerun at worst ands god dea of “aa a i remaves and many era. They Republican arpaining 59sec py dg ee venom ter wanes seer ranula ie ae eaneof es esters Pane cig bow w ase “omuioriaagsihorteee = i cocoa omg pre Sa ace penn ren teeny co ‘septation tok serge of eal’ poor eiens, arcuate sae, common ns guar and vbsen produc, sae lgarhcand the Pato hen iii camew owe come oi nce (Cus athe coud deci ony a Fea A smal up of power fame, pinay meer ofthe new Conserve ary, conte tet son's enemy and ples. Large hens dominated the ooo he Cauca "ie, mos devoted eae, at rome engi! in te mor labor neoshe I wo ey et ee ‘considered hema bu the seinngpopaion was 2 hte LE Ren emp ‘cet bn coon pole presente vale por—the pcb The near monopolzaon of landholding td sncha’s lo demand for abe sma tery ic for he wo eke easy sot of eg, and what opp (2 ComentoutRepubican ence GBB 1h: acendas tad been encroaching on since independence, Salers also struggled aps monopolies that ered then om eodcig td seling tore neces." hese uae inter a Se ee eS - by fr the mon pressing problem was ee ae ocean ‘Shey dominate he es of may ofthe valley's pot, Stes had Bes scspgling for acim since thr sil inthe Now Wo, of coune, bat Independence ge them gente hopes and more poses oat on their sits hw om for are generations and ‘Be hoptotos present eased. By the 30s, howe ntl expeations| he aolion was igh had dined and alg steel lil dapat ‘While Congres eli deitedsboltion andthe dei of he marer cla reinburtmee forthe love their san oper sees ad tele fale took wha inti the we tes, Congres ha exalished eas os tap ofthejun an, while te inal erece avery Icomple cna at beglonng nthe summer of 1, well bee te 152 general boiion, fer resoures,redulngAfo-Caombias bly to buy land afr sary ot puchse eto oe and ses essay er miraton topo hands nas proved ge inet ing ns to sae tals epublica Bering 61province, thejana managed to feo laren the fst ero sence ‘When theo ie, thy eae asters andeomely eur er wall above te make ale of couse, the artical high pices hindered ‘loeb to buy thei wn fesom, The Bass jt pid oat 0 ‘usa ea freshen he mate pie wou hine hen ten Bu ae rutemest was odious enough. Wore, the suhaisee ote sete em fered awof fn bith aes cold nt prov tir age Oth ty had bees brs fer a when he aw offre ith camino ee, thy cul ot secure edo on aching mauriy Ao-Clombias suspicion fhe ‘stoic charch were seengthened byte loess coupon of ay pists espns pri bi osing of whom te law oie bt ap sun Raposo sie of Be Consens leader Ser leds, pet tt the pret of | alow relsed gehen his aps cords tate oud prove a ews born afte laf ee ith ad, hee ws now ee venmaeahore than problem of roving oe age sous nde the aw of eb were he povsions rating children of sae Wester would ical ead on any 183s, emancipation as deiely ‘comple, les fom many A-Class pot of ew, Te le chiles born oslae parents before emancipation under the powe ft former masters ul the age of eigen. Although noe ofcilysas, the stien were bough and so thet reas rsing asthe ew oder but hen lig of hey ented ightcen ear of ae Inthe Comer paper ‘eon averdsesen et to anther seins hase, shed fay reader had ‘ent ee gevold manometer the child slate Held by ¢ ‘meteor Fis and ihe tha of hcl lence ocd mn tocontact wth hi lé maser. As sypthte 62 Comnsous Republicans Sc 2 TES. ss 0 Ihde incente winter tpt hei propery bern sie the wort ‘we sgnment and valet fod han le Thier broght anew ier. (Ofcourse 2 some Ao Colombians sragled apia the mtr cas alot the etl of sey secure th feedom hough nstuonal = NY SSE REE a trvond Gaapenton eno rent Raf fogee cm Conseratves,inudng the Bore family, which dominate oe pls in ca lomomage wa eben fall the Cases pronacs, bute ao epion area of Pps al became the lees. Hey forts and raged tela mot not bes fe ralng css y engaging In fit rpeseletbaco production and tae, Proacton and sal of t- rc, an ofl scmopelyo the a peste oly by an anced er. The poor paral ented the tonapayon taba, aes Fp thar eed gd prices an required ite epi inet. Topas Cinsenathe provincial gormmnen seat a gest al of 8 eure ting td be summer ff leven erie ire ares, bung the veins ad twhsceo ams tht te ound. The oops di ape two maroeas and «scapdpisoners wile aretng wo Indian onrakand deers and fur oh nln wo women, More important, they aimed to hare bro oet fy howe tac pln, ough ha ube ii an cageon ee recent htm of tegen wee sin eM nberange ceo coabnda wat conc “obaco was not the oni ew soon dl = epablcan arsning 63andy peso. Worse, nal, Tyano fered vendor to hay om hs aa co, tthe Hao hate od wat contrat with a which repay caused sever lies. swith sae aiding, Contents donned the agsrdente monopolies Toyo wis 3 Consent, atd ne of his pues was he power Bacndado J A bole” The poor ead hese monopoles by byconing Toys tere we el tte tn” i a Some ceune ngsenat he iagrswca oe ‘ccc chad ape thy ed wee pet is ee nt ne cyanide mcrae oes See ep en ren pe ng Ses oe A tte bec eet sc Sacre dl ote comer cpg ee ‘snag Oradeedasrion nents cy go, the ae of Cal had ro ware lags of lind f which ony ‘ele gules were aon pbllan), thee lose in teil bere theta nthe fer ally below. Whe te count coe 9.277 rs inde, Mercado cle tit oe thos people se te lend to 4 Comencious Republicans ‘women pan denon the fenes tht ase ad rested in tees = ‘heed depute coatoned fer th itera asxton whe, asso and 5, pope liesbgan opel to ack te power haendaos wh coveted ‘hecommons~avsintenpon alle the ia nal hese strpge, Powel svcelding que aricocacconta aly’ sakes Along with Popeye's een moe weal ad poe ndados, uch a he Moeqer and Aol lane, dete oats ated he backbone ofthe Case's power Conremave Far Wiehe edhe be of Coasnate ae, aiding groups anderen some wey famille esl fom infec ao chfedundr the Cnscris monaply of power nd state pois sey ‘wing dsion among Conse 1 ne) and the ‘maneorsingineasera olonbitofa oat group of ung ares and haea- sds eager suze pone and lberaize Caleb's eanomic an pltet ie" Woe ove te pein the cemtalzed adi laratonallowef Bs 0 appoint provincial greror, ad the Cus Own sweaLibel suddenly fund themes in power. ‘Mos ofthe economia and olay inna fame were Conse esa pines ou with ers and sedi) 3 now by Libera: bees held nronal power by 149, Consenatves,especal the extended Borer can or thos with conserve smpsthie, dined most aca ele tet offices and owned moet ofthe Hace that suronded the ci A ew pec landolder wre bers; omer, mos of he bel Pays tp es were drawn fom young me, wh, whe fea highly educate, many eng Lye aad profesor, Bad le wen ese men~such as Rada Meteo ise Pan and Dar Pe Seen cea ameaen epblcan Reining 65demos sao of aay of the young Libel “he Cac all’ poor ry Bd enough reatans fer pd se pom sent Contents Liberal ede les, lies hey hoped they oul mush om anon the pooe othe cy end is outing 3s TD dps te ity ey Oy cweaing 2 number wot ‘rere change tle of aa Tee Demasai sey ofa ACSIA yr in Bopobue uch sprang yp stound the country a the bea Pay cosese inte Ine 84a, Cl eb stared in socvou soph, anaes tpromtethe coon ofthe else ‘andi Jos lato pe inthe 148 eacons. Line int belong sug esd the le hat woud ply in he bition ofthe Cae's popu ‘lst nda the into of Colombian demomaey asa, The occ beg san le ae, 5 uch cbs always had bee. Mex Uber spas met on behalf th candiate most Colombians probably thought that this on- ‘est would be ck ke others the ast Sndametaly the cance of he owed the oatome pony peeorsined However, in Colombia soley 2 so0p of ike inde thinkers alg thems Libs had ener, men ‘who wished pin power-fr powers ke of cure, at oo nite 3 lay screy- note words, hy emisioedczenstip qui dierent han "he pone Colombia ad imagine it or ecrl commiees were not newt the Libre id when the ee ions ended was novel Afr Lipe won the young Cleo Liberal id nat 66 Comenious Repulse te the mapee of ouside alk in Boge and ere Colembas peorin gngand the workers on te sounding acends ofthe couneide ovens appointed ste mos ace and power othe lial by, Liber began to found new scion thought te Ca speci in halle Ig 8 abled Ri eles of Candas, Cage (nth OF 3509 member), ‘cen, Hons, Gasca, Pai, eld, Sn ao (with oe 26 me bers and To. These of te membership nthe smal lage of Sa Roo denen that hee werent at elite ptherngs, Inthe sone big i = ED Reet Erereyon be cies edifice ideas et ogee ion veyed esos Ube in open a wel pas sar lew 5, but the onset egaebad deft it ers ad more sucess in ending ray ofthe bane ste concering gran, an simpy ping ot pale ws of the books * Uber ed the Democat Scetes, nour promate hl own pro epslican arsine 73zm, but lio to lamba he Conserve and ear tat he peo cw "ir enemy Liberal comtated ee moral bankrupt of he ch with the rece ofthe oor Inthe Demet Soc, ibs ime hat Con serves level thi "he ic and ml a a ei gual some re rag os ofthe ana? (poncho) veri the ofthe “etc Eres eo, Such open dscsion of shar andi ezopaes shed thasome Liberals were atleast sympathect0 the qurson of diene tht eo coseraed the pce Libera papers alae ‘ileal pposed the aw alloving inpionment fr eb HPs ep “The ened he plan ents Suc language aed pebelns’expecuions concering he alkimpoat oe ena fe a bed bbw) gruent bad been ached ne ‘ieompston ofthe Caos Ror fly, that haces in and nese ‘hell side wos ee panei of tend frm aw eos.” abe Jans began wo send peton to ibs expesing the sie for and Rs “pai si " : ss bya0 ‘ea sete smell ese the ght fam the commons ee las, incding exes, pss Liberals to enfore the agreement with tbe Ree rae el ee ‘hou evare hath ands band veh ind ™ onevet, 1853, the restrain 9 Cal's eds had wil no ees com Ped, ong t problems with the suneyng An ficial warned tthe cy Should do whaeer secs tres "such hueardusguestn and ths ‘sid becoming the apple oor tht wl roe immente problems in ‘he Siar and engender eral neds ™ Libra ow hat he is wee 2 74, Comensious Republicans problem, et the lclogl program ha le sy abot sack an ae nee, bral, expec te ation lene general soap iia eS ee vin, pa, dir quently inthe cabs. A Conserve ote tht te “pebes* engl ld ofthe possiblity of takieg oer nds fos he caret pop egolders" The bea paper Fesamee Ppa suggested hat any pa ce ta ners ingualty war ant butt any tha apie“ ide bewee all men wth more equal the common inhertance sie Sach talk ised the hopes of popular eas, bul Libeals lite chance of ‘hecomple vance eon ee Libel plowpby of andholing and he cesta of ides, many ofthe val’ bea supped the covtned ex —— snp en een wa Sabet ected oot Gent teams a eae Tanne far tot pa Ecosse Sencha pt aes eee ree eee Scie Saeko ae ime eeneea ecesiermneen ieee acoemar ma ‘aca 2 pores sat enor nace pater Uber lade did th best to reas Mio-Clomblas. José Maa ‘Obando, rebel leeer in an eer cl ma that had ereoped aisles cantons, skein Bug a2 Libel politcal all. A Content paper mocked the ring that the pueblo gee hm, noting: “Atte entrance othe Republican Baraning 75ly sees amber of bcs a0 mga waited for Oban.” (The paper Scored that a lateome apd despeble black women are Maria” ge in oa alan frre et a Marva ented Oban- 82. Cantenoas Rpebians era's anti of ens wa pect, come ding, at the we an “ea a rerpetions, test he oor wanted wrest exit over the bl ey oh end th slave yt, nat the det ealeerent of some of ther been, butte whol bids le pes of economic dependensy 8d social eeence. Arse Calami, especial AfoColombian, stared snr deans, yet he argo wa gue to de Cas tn the oust, pop bal ad some hope o gored Coneraies'denty Bought moneols, almost openly pedi sc ben. Hoan mocked dow hese nd etal he ot Temes. Hebcios whom te nein the tet pi hero bed 0 eget crn worse, thy ins thea. More dststng. be sete et hey seeders, esos satrap “Deir women, ng whipped by Back ‘whom Conservaines no doubt nape the oer sows ana tonmich bere Texto Rann Orel ck ay See “ne oni, Comers nd owning Greeters ition tert ‘Thes85s 00 Wer = a ‘hey were easly and cise dete by uoops msde up of Liber pats, ‘epules arsning, 85roy tems, yolunes The lng quote tom Ram Meret od ‘inthe omit rete omage tothe pope who had ‘teeth Liber, Content a demiatedCacano plc and Soviy ory ye popu nd ele ira vague them with suming “re riage bad feghtened Conserses Ike noting in thee Ing memory ised then ithe worl irre upiedaw,Iewaenot Junthe etersta actos ater ose were, at doe Canseraes o revolt The sttde of my Ub fics was equal worsome as these eesenaves ofthese seemed deiéedy nonchalant in the face othe or etape een inpcatd in them. They cel dot ce owl pusig the pees. Ws the conte one ie andthe neyo thee ley ie flan propery eae, he Intended 1 ake wy tr haan propery hap ablton With aps ony the promise of ndemnlcsion, a promise not worth much ie be Clebtereurs pint pen ne ‘Wale moder obsees canes ls this lkas steal ete, ‘he Colombian sae andthe Liberal ary send no tobe allowing the tenes of inacetcnary eam tal bu, stead, be nt 0 sein and resebuing propery. Conse dd sur mss pals ae abl tion. Mosque nod tt one mine ne Topuén was worth iy thousand aca fing ‘te edhe teorofie ma, parila he esto of fee: ppg, she reason for thee el wie hy sip 2 nee ever prcthl proper and persons fer the reblion, many Conse legal eens was tit they had organized to prevent th pera ingen, notin olga! he ovement Incheefrs w moze flowers sya to thee cause, Conena- 4 Contenous Repebicans id wo pu forward program of hiro tsi stereo ee mes fof irl intentions, When Conserv did ak 2 rung he puble and fsratng them, they tended t do 0 ony a pele response Libra The newspaper Are noted hat Bugs Soc Frnds of Order woul! teach the psbo “the tue meaning ofthe words tery, uly and democracy” I wld “combat che amc munis, immoral. and inpiey in religous mae." yas promised wo woot sais vagrasey and ranean Cam seater woud reve Liber ects nl nd icine te pba therametine Whe the coz of ind ofOrder ante nae the sey related mail ete Comer’ fe of popal ibaa’ rowing serie ns, oder would come Be ery atracive to ay popular rus, en in theca 850tsapen sine ‘lager Began © sed pesos begging local nd tonal aos not 0 imple plans to ide eure. Indian Fed St with dso, tee Tans woud be snapped up oming the “abion ofthe whites" They goed cht whl perap ott foal, “communi of ood et Iebit and canons and potted thie ames They es pledged to oppor de genic le. SEL Te ED ‘Governor appoint by Lipex eames apy for nds ‘esgutds and wadons.fagua Gas, the goeror af Tiga, Pind tha ins came this fee day to prowst abuses. He assed {hat ony he edad bested ome eaguaos ate alloted al he ond land tense, ping ta only ove wel Indians oppose the “isin ofthe commana ands. The nex yar, Cazes wer fuer ad led forthe parton of te resgurdos and the redistribution of he and w the Idan tpt lots. He noted hath woud fe om saver” those Indians wo had to work a conact aborts on hacked we the a centay pliant fh thee were fa ipa pops in iezences bev the Comer ad the Libera Pai, side fom ‘ek pln forthe role ofthe Cale Church, Mare ali recogni hat the ono pais did noe share simi vine fear” plea ae Uber were muck more amcmblew allowing sual some price and eed ready espand the oon ofczensip toned tht new ales. Lobes were wing embrace rosie isin fhe nee han were ‘Conserates. although oa thy might cin, uve thsison was ese ec ed eo propery ad Ikea thn was Consenaties Insaco ‘tion of the sen reid Hemaly on rata, whic the mass would gia ‘high Liber-drecededsten, The ene prim ofthe Dettori So ‘els long wih she Nuon Gud and Liber ceremonies, was ised 00 ‘hin. Colambi's Liberal and Conserve mired Europ ea in ‘he espetie thoughts on eznsip, with Conserais fusing ore on ace nd wadon and Liberals more son. Cs Democrat Society exes is concern fr education in aption tothe provincia, signed by oer handed fhe sos en ect and ober “pads de Gls” Te signatories shed that he province ‘spend money, noon second lation fora ew, but on primary edoczion Forman. They od "One ofthe base ofsepblean goverment the edu ao be publ sou hey ow tei righe an thee des and wil ever ‘etelnseumentof he ambldous it pinay education, he people“woukd econ cess uci the ua css of dr, of good manner, inde esentcizene, cise het hina tat oot hemes be moved ke machine bythe ambilus nosey obey grants" om the standin of elite bea the masses wee tobe inde in police scons, the ado eration, ble sts own nts, ed fom he burn vel of lind beds w te pesto the cna For no eaching the poeblo hers waste main concer. Years et, when it became alto cle tater new thisighs ani, moraner, were cen Republican Barpining 9sighs and inerpeing old onc in wigs woriome tthe west, Liberals wos am tiation he ier of he zen and sus he dilinry Te fefecaton order contol the ops, Inthe ex 85, owes, [Gb consented tel eff on reiting new ehzestojoin them inthe pall. ‘heen of analy was ai the means by which ibe xl hone whom they cosine no ye end fr cai, ibe’ progam of epton and barasing sequel anal sues who understood ther ‘nm aad nd wha ty id doo importer awe stanon he Caua's “bes houge tat they could enlighten te valleys meso, mult, and ‘ack poor. Thay had no uc thin a be lange aia up in the Coc, ‘headin, ney. the south, Libera ugh ine posing thet pel. Ait fron Literal pape ey informed the ates tht Conse ‘ater fered t them 2 the "bbl and wl plebes” and dee that they posted the apc fr reson He warmed tht Consenaes wauld 2 foo cos” by saying hat Liberals threatened elon Hower, wie he ‘ened tht Consens quested the masses reason, helo reeled his tm dub abou te pueblo’ relay nd ieigence He wand tat he People of ao were fled with nti” and had 0 "lt cizaton™ ha thy cold aot ow tee ight Live complie that Indians ‘ergs condrnod thm abr” and eared the comnuason of hoe “wld str" Wh ies ha bees sacl sucess i ing th le eens wh ght tlk, uch couse seemed tl on Aeafens inthe sours highlands, ‘Conse conepion of izenship ha ound expen ithe 14 onsttton.iizoship waited to nen over the age oF 0 0ne who had propery wath 3o0 pos or an ice of 130 ps, nado, sar 85, Dp iene Inert Literacy a propery ined ze. ‘hin, Proper being viewed general herein ulo Aol, be Cas leading Conserve lotta, eed th, thou proper, wom at tmponsble™ Coens hopes fora trou, where Upee hanber woul bea "consent Bo” oes by men of rate age and proper The hat socety shoud be Ue nwo groupe, the wey nd the eso oy, he fore eng etn, he ater repens, ‘Boch ope wouter pl te exlaig te poraltough he ‘neath wel pr mor Other Conseraties had even more aristocratic Sons Liberal abuse ected he 843 constiaton al monarch ‘sl! inrument hat “pt money ree een on izes 2 Conensous Replicas ower elt mary Conserve conceptions of csp were, is mated de in Consents rlaon wit leans ince Conserve id ‘sug ciensip a the ol ened ie poland public ie Tey ‘cpt tht veoneand nt just einen woe role lynsey ts us, word cee about teal of plebeim, epeialy Ie ‘ns. They place 2 ghee lue oo ection andthe npn af tac ations for determining pla wots thn onthe new “unversl”and walang eal ezenship. As discussed lathe st chapter, ei oeazed ‘ion of poi! ieny fund recon in popular conser’ pllcal Umiiastn, aug Inte fen nit tat the oo wees Far see Conserve, Ids might aot et ecient, bu they were sll Gr als oFCalmbans with scl sgh and espomiiles. "hepa! ole fete eoneematve women bt lees thi cooep- ion of elizesship. fer ieee mobilising ing, wax pata oseratie momen who seed mich ofthe nate inthe now pla ena thao confounded thee hurhands an fer The mos fs opposition 2 the Democratic Soci ue, not om the By weak, hesitant emp of Corsenatvest form hei omn cbs that might nade suas spshete tothe cue, bt fm elite women. Conese women formed tit On scees and wee not hampered by ting to dal wits te gusto of he sss political role as onl elte women constuted thee assembles. The women qucey sed thi soi insece and contol af 4 pene neon, ‘cking Libel oceolde and nelting the ve Democrat oct" “Tey eubbed the wines of Ler! ledes ad di nt kite ay aera 0 loses associ with te new regime to thee Ses. Tey condemned + beri Pst by refsing kt im ape techie, cating hem ‘ot another parish. Consnatve women oraszed pion eves o pete ‘he ett’ exon. One Consewatve been Pato even ceded women it ensng he loa Democrat Scie noting ta, ng 0 te woe ‘for, he cab bad ot mt in oe ix week. A eral paper in Popapn repo that conserve women hd epoedypromied wo atend eee ‘newt the daggers, wang kl ay Lens naps, for, sSbough conserve women dil steed los, ai pout ibe who simi could no wre, wo express sappr fo helenae Sh alk, herr, refed the animos hat many Libra men or Wome’ pt calpaipson ad erin detions”™ Liberec in shockto ie ate ofthe wares InP tera apes insuingy othe women renin in hi bomes “You isin the Replica aging 93ome he care fou hands and eile stn, mae deal, hileyoulereyour homes osu yours in ota conga, erupt Yur daar those daze Bowe, wil hea the vie of the seduce” The apr frtherincinted tha, s woren ould nee hope coming 2 man trough reson in pola acai, they woul inrably be tempted > employ tee ore psc har. Ubealsm allowed ro plein pola for women s women ou no be cnn. Cansrati, mat queso bound, sa oom fren forms a putpaton ral memes of oie. Since Conseraes imagined sce as ‘ners aga omen coal bellowed parte in pole ceain sepesincesach ptipaion weld ie them 0 proud aim gual stand Ing wih men bed tough alowed poli purpatin fo izes ut sine all izes were seoealy equal this ered problems negading Women. ormes haley ert whe cing pel eiaeship. hey ‘ould sie ete ehzeship though poli acon. Therefor, politcal uricpaton made th czen, ot ie wes, Ths definition seemed open the oor. wane, oo tha heals prope shut The ae plc ‘bakern men's olen pub fe nas dsoncering enough. Wonks pat ‘kipaion three the visit ofthe whale republican ase nto way sit made epblanism seem inp oo ightening and range Second by making women equa removed them fom hel husbands and aber con, hu ering the ase ofthe san pce de ui acters ould notruleover sero ech verthe par plitilly men msttlcale Ispothat Consents thought deen fan ibealsregudiag wom e's ies seizes, pth, fer them, women’s prciation in the lic epheredlpoteugpsttbe are cutre. or Conserve ciizenship vs sill an inetd, ot neared right, and, a that tine, women's piel set seed nt pose heat Quite the eonrar it rove 2 vale weapon aguas Libel power. 1 would argue tat Cameras ewe he lic avy ods and hel ther lblanales much the sameway. ‘Whe Consens sa iienhip a neti adele Leas sa themes 2 olin aw cen fm the nw clay fe unedited, a ‘ional msss, poplar iral evioned hizenhip dent ol They did bo Simpl wt for the mane of cizensip be oficial placed thee shoulders. ea a he zuiago an 85 ci war eed hey wee ating lke izes, parting npc, tending plac meen, nd mack ing in street demonsoation. Ciiensipavays dented mare than simple 4 Conenous Republicans stag sigh, ermbolcly marking who fad the ight of lpia in alice. Wie seiing the it o ene the lta phere th action, operas so sought femal vecgatn oft status andthe obi ‘neatofthe right stance with chines these ‘Wa the por eould emer te plical ele many ways without the iret Besing ofthe ste, they needed the sates recogition to vor and, therein the egies’ minions. a8, ne wo bed eh tntepted o e nsrbed on he a of ters ad, ence, come tee ‘zed tens Teitiing, coining with be oping an tei ee ton ofthe prong young Literal io Popa to help wee ti pein ong suggest at mos nr were pop ideas Hower, ile all ‘hos men suey ough of thao ios, the donload thought erie Only ment fur woud exo theright fens.” Ta cin ing commie denied the rst fr not having he necessary propery oF 20% ving pred hat eye al requirement fori" Pople repulse Serco the rncized aon of snship pu Gwar by any tes and the costo of, tempting to fre dhe state and he poe sci eogize tr sta Howe, whe these fr led, ar ey aly i before 8p, aber sgl asuned the ‘mae fie. Ths oie the DetncreSokees, apt i polit tales and demonstatons, took yp ams i he National Guard They een ppt in lectins, the tate fade them rm ating, ey could il "the cto dy wat in the pasa cher te comptes and with the resent make it known tat hy woud respond force ny ft. They See highs by knocking down the cena’ fenes that Woke tec Acro lan rd punted those Contents who thy eat tempi ‘odestoy the citizen body They thmsahes bea judges of who was actzen ndwho wasnt ifthe ele Consens a Lies who a 60h eter jury cold deny teams acne fo lk of propery, poplar bere esad tse same mente tans of tices when they cg tng whipped them. Foc the publ id tse wn eof tzenhi. They eed ‘heterich men's in the pu, ois atone ronda Coser ‘rather wer ot ood cine ut nse, etn the Repu and dene 10, Poplrlibens had ned thle plane naton bythe partipation sumed cain the defense of te Republi.” Popul bers, 2 much ‘thet elie countess, defined cizenship ad made teasing. ™ Wile Litera” vison of eleeship excluded tndans and women and atzacdfw ofthe Cau’ poor mestizos, itsuceded spectacular with A> Republican Being 95Colombe The ber vein ofctzeship appeal Afo-Colmbane beste provided them ith anew plc snd poll enti hat ey oe ae, coming as they i fom he abi death’ fier Liberal ieahin demand 0 spec dent, sry oF propery beyond wings 0 sp- owt Liberal cite. Tis defnisan sense poplaconseraies, with th evo toe cats, enti, nd proper, bat ete pop larder. Tha, the ame en Besse cert popula ial ase ‘hem new pubes, one thet ete Libera eager impli shatndans coud neve be ou cleus sou ste ed uer the spect laws of erga acid ot cep the “ners en iy of Uber ncship. Leite fr armed cfm removed many psig opal liberal women ply 2 gee rl Liberal police. That whe clea i exe te wives and davies poplar iberl Wome ss ‘ude te con of ther and burbandshan ther lowers women ing ‘othe mes ck of propery and shel owe escurces)pripatd i plc fet great dere Women ran the tens whee poplar lias met sd tale polis, oie se men in proseing te aguante monopole, td ‘oredown encesinthe eds longi men, Nonethles, thy emai e- nga excned fr the el conception of polities and pli ‘sind a6 Libra’ concepson of ieneip wae, and dint ait srs fromthe conceptions of bt Consrates and popula, ibs in ener noked ors now conton that woul expand antl igh ad ‘he safage™ Consent etl thie mii Mie mero noted tht, While Lids had wor te lst sv ofeleons oes, Comrie had ‘tumpbed whereer hte mas some dee of educton and veinement = cordial, he soap hat Cones do corte tha the consition “requ bas of pope in dr wo be ze" He aio wore about the ‘berlin extend the fag, ong: heeds want he unruly bbe tat tonctare sty propery whamaeeorthaetatthey cathe hitless ot, © ve the vou." Euseio Barazo was pric concered tht be Lieae slight ty © exend "democraie ibe,” by wich be sparen meant an ‘pancion fsaiage and zens. He thought tit the Lider would ot oso mow thatthe erin power ab thee, wold nat want opine ‘hr pon, He ough wr eas pat tough new consid tht dele "Cees se ll male Granada” mii or ove Wen Jat of age Aliens ‘ould vote and be elated wo ay fice. Gratadan nella bor nthe ‘ton, tus ging some suas eveyone, but eaclading many fom czar 06 Comemious Repulse ships; women; and the iene. The comsatin seo fade ele” Serer” By Oxber 185, ll aul males cul oe One ibe wre with de shout the changed fc of eon dy "nthe orl amphtese he ‘sss and acs int which soc is ded mised ogter; he le hat esterday shrank rom the resece his lr oy reclaims with digi the tofsoreigny tate consis has gies hi, order to ake se oft snd expct fom the bllorbox the vie ois socal fue ‘Detstelshment of Reuben Baganng Moe ibentslokad on he sation flr he il wa of 85 with itn 1m is ler of resignation to Desde Lips, René Mercado duly re unt al he [ier adminis’ accents: te abolition of ela, theendofzccaple; Radom ofthe peste implementa fly, shedecrese nse abd sng of he rofsina aay ad the concomitant rch ote cian National Guar dhe iiig of the death etal te Dragged ht ei wash "it democrat dination ofa ton” and ‘Haris most prou accompahent wa he "emanspaios... of he opalt mass fom he elas of te liga. fom the presi of nas, and fo the domination of he poe” He ter ale rng he il sr he mane ad supported ki and he perment>™ Mareda sa the "bras fit bering the mids ofthe esses and then unig he ith through program off poles and laws tha fvred sublems. ally. t ‘he memes af wh, when Canseates rote the mate seed te ba ny supporting the ies, who es wiped OF couse Liberals did ot open he yes of ebsites oti tenet fo the eet ne, but the il eahish a common douse with poplar ite, ealing at a- lancet form. Wi this shed dscouse, republican bargaining eo ad ig ake pace Tam staying ha thi ime the pul len thee ihe ad coverethe remesning oflkery and democrcyor cen moze romeo, tht idling and elite Libs sccsfl ugh the poor to understand plies and ot he wo defen to her eters, The ehabge in sae” aude began inthe le clo! prod and secserted immense ding Independence andthe ist years af the Repub: Aer 88, 2 ub, plical spac peed othe poo, spec Afo-Colombins, inthe Cava, allowing hem i ess an practice thie piel es in way hat had ot been posi or eau bere. Republican Bupining 97‘hi opening courte, ot just appear oe dl the tbe eine utorataly er itn, Dope rset Mili onde bese raed the por out need noone zune Conserve paver: pul bee responded, nt simpy the eles, bt wih them. Sobers around Cal, ‘special Ao-Colombians, seized the oppor that elite Liberal feed 1 Ppa eras ad na ben aig fr such 2 moment ll te efforts of he [bers wade been fr nap Bite Liberals hd ben contesting lite “conse oe gus or another fore Poplar groups sought oe ver an more convo over tht bes abd resources ine the elon en thea os, Hower cbse srg ame ogee, une by both immed se acl nd new way of talking about and psting plc. Ming and le Lira nated hata cou, Dat opr Ter and, be, other pope groups) ake i si thee nee and pursued teow agendas athe roe dramatically ring te ete ali’ poss. Ming nd elite Libra posed Laws ending sae but poplar eras push ther to do so. Ming and elite Liber legal ended the monopoles ove iu, baton after popular bers ad end hin eliy ‘by tec eons. Midlng and elite iba creatl the Democrat Soci, ‘bt ppalr bers tured ter in poi force. Milling alte Lib ea wrt the docs eeci othe atonal Guid bt popu er ‘wansformed thos alts to afore apale of eet Conserve eae ‘ion. Mig and elite iba cerainy hoped wo asl he masses thei se, br ie rexponing the Libera cl he anes made the cate ei ‘om. The new plies was the fing oboe toe above sad those below, snd bth romps would fig bites ovr if inte years come. Saguningbewees hore sboe st hse blow ad ay exited. The guy ssalned ature his aeguaon however, was ae Bertha) "05 elites and pebeins bad bargained daring ines of tess or changing poate economic tem” In conta, the 185s, Sarsning Beem ‘bevy nich bok eles dpe normal conducted os. ara Ing lo became something not dove ole ie an ad hoe Esl; a, i ‘eee a oneiue pola program pursed y pla tine. Being tcsme more puble and intinainnd ae wel aking place in he open Democate Societe ised of lon sits af roducin Finally, epubn| scour opened up whol ew ares to nepoaton, by alain ube self picl andi rights Bargsining was eroding ol pot hegemoay of persons pti and parece elas witha ne pol cal cale Based on republican negotiation, however unequal, becwen lies ‘dautakere, 98 ContentoosRepabcass epic arguing nad four sor catego of aan the Jul, soci, peste, an economie:Coocening ual mater, Uses endo rman rsh gran an poic awe. nthe reece ‘osm, popult Ube edtned izes, andthe new 1853 constiuion copied thee eff Socal popula and ee Liteals abandoned many ger forms of dle weAoColombians found unpeeled pce it ‘he Cas publi sere, Hoon Liberals rede some te, protected ‘he gids and evded the hated monoples, OF course, te abolition of ae ‘emt important achieen sve al four pecs faring Neo- ‘ton wool coutne ill hese ses, but econ sus would evenly ‘rove the most cl to resolve the te with the lent cmon gro eoeen populate oncern Beyond the abolition of slavery and the ending of manools—delop mens consistent wth ber plicaeconom~popla and elt bee omieisions erg harp. Salers dese rend was the mort ing ‘ar hele alles, Whe ete Liberal cold oa cena extent sports le’ fos to regia he ios~afer al, Consents cold mos of| {he Lind in quion~they could not ppt subltens’ goss fr = zd :econfguaion ef proper reatons. As popula eas began to pus thet ‘on gab, e=ploting th aw polis in ways mos Litera not imagined ose, sme bes began odo ewido of te pllcal experinent ‘bathe bal led nite epublian Bagisng 9