Technicc idance TG20:13 Operational Guide Fe ee ROR eet cc ae MS eedForeword Falls from height remain the dominant cause of fatal and serious injures in the construction industry. Property designed and constructed scaffolding has a key roe to play in reducing that tll of iniuries. “The Work at Height Reguiations 2005 (WAHR) require that strength and stability calculations ere carried out for al scaffold structures unless they conform to a recognised standard. The responsibility for ensuring that this duty is met falls to both the scaffolding contractor and his client HE is pleased to acknowledge that the NASC has wirtten T&20:13 to provide a standard for traditional tube and fting scaffolds to helo industry manage safety risks effectively in the scaffolding ‘and wider construction sector, 5 HSE recognises that this guidance contains some advice that may go further than the minimum needed to comply with health and safety law. Heather Bryant, HM Chief Inspector of Construction, Health and Satety Executive |We applaud and support the work of the NASC which will no doubt result in safer scaffolding structures being installed and thus reduce the frequency of scaffolding fallures, which at present ‘occur far too frequently across the industry. ‘The UKCG recommend the adoption and standardised use of TG.20:18 to the wider industries that utilise scaffolding structures both within and outside the construction sector. Stephen Ratcliffe, Director, UK Contractors Group Part-funded by {This project has been delivered with support from the CITB Growth Fund, which aims to-ensure thatthe construction industry has the right people, with the right skis, 9 the right place, atthe right time and is equipoed to meet the future skits demands of the industry, NOUNIGEINOD DNIGTOLIVOS ANY SSIIOV THNOLIVNAbout TG 20:13 This edition of 720 is presented in two companion volumes with an interactive electronic guice. 1G20:13 Operational Guide ‘The TG20:13 Operational Guide provides comprehensive good practice guidance for ll tose inwolved wth tube and ming ‘access scalding. Its intended for a wide audience end proviies {guidance forthe erection and use of common steel access Scaffolds for construction, maintenance, repa, demolition and simiar works. ‘Tho 2uide provides clear defnitions for 20 compliant scafoling ‘common scaffolding structures that have been designed by structural calculation to BS EN 12811, These defritions are presented as 120 complance sheets, which are soafiolding sign sheets that may be used to demonstrate that a scafold does not require a bespoke design. 1G20:13 eGuide ‘The TG20:19 Operational Guide is supplemented by an electronic {uide for the generation of TG20 comptance sheets, The TG20:13 eGuide provides compliance sheets for the ‘complete range of TG20 compliant scaffolds, including TG20 ‘compliant independent scaffolding, putiog scaffolding, loading > ayo, owe, crime. sccas scflldng and ar ages, bls aeperdent scalding variations nang bags oes, Dron ano, carter lator and TC20 compan { Priest stu tans ule 1G 20:13 User Guide ‘The TG20:18 User Guide Is a hand, easy-to-use pocket reference {uide walten for scaffolding operatives, supervisors and cent ‘ite management that summarises the principal points from the Operational Guide. 1G20:13 Design Guide The TG20:13 Design Guide provides comprehensive technical ‘guidance forthe interpretation and application of BS EN 12811 and ‘he related structural design standards. itis intended fo" use by scaffolding designers, temporary works engines und all thase concemed with the design and manutacture cf scaffolding structures and equipment.Welcome yo Welcome to the TG 20:13 Operational Guide. This cornorehensive guide to good practice is intended for ail trose invoivad in the orocurement, supply and use of tuoe and fitting soatoiding, 13 has een produced oy ie NASC, as the recognised UK +rade dody, in resoonse to ine introduction of 8S EN12811. It provides nerally recognised staicerc configurations of tuoe and fitting scaffolding, as required oy 172. Work at Height Regulations, wi have oger dasigned by structural Celculevon anc for which additiona! oasooke dasiar is not required. “Ine NASO, with sugport from the HSE, Ux Contractors Group and OITS, aims to increase awareness of good practice in the wider Industry and provide prac ‘c@l and technical advice io aid ai! scetoiding iors in the implementation of BS EN 42811 anc the Work at Regulations, maki good practices accessibie to ail. National Access and Scaffolding Confederation November 2013 NOLAND SNIGIOLVOS ANY SSE9D¥ TYNOLYNContents 1 _ Introducing 1620 07 06 Independent scaffolding 61 1.1 Which scatfolding requres design? 08 = 6.1 Scaffokling terminology 62 1.2 TG20 compliance sheets 09 6.2 Scaffold usage ard load class ot 1.3 _ Types of 7420 seatfocing 1063. Praform facing 5 14 T620 seatoldng feats 12 64 Pletiomn wine 6 8.5. Liftheights and headroom or 02 1620 eGuide 15 6.6 Standaras and lecgers 8 PHINES ances te 6:7 Joins in standards anc ledgers o 2.2 Using the TG20 eGuide Ww 68 Transoms 70 2.3 Selectng a TG20 compliance sheet 1g 69 Prefabricated transom units a 6.10 Foot its 72 03 _TG20 compliance sheets 23.811" Facade bracing * 6.12 Ledger bracing 76 3.1. Using the compliance sheots 26 ES onang ge tig ‘s 3.2 Understanding the itera 25 Een tring to 33 Theetfect ofthe site cation Eten, x ote cating compres set 2 Gis totes 006 Poem comarcrmma Sy 847 es CORREEE Secon Seat 248418. Inside boars and brackots as 009 Cantilever protection fan compliance sheets gg 810 Cantlevered platfoms Lod 010. Ladder-access tower compliance sheet 37 8.20 Internal edge protection = DIT Loading bay compliance sheet 36 6:21 Double standards 90 012 Interior birdeage compliance shest 39 6.22 Ties to the building oO 013 Putlog scaffolding comptance sheet 4G 6.23 Rakers 92 14 Lit shat tower compliance sheet 41 624 Shooting and detris-neting 24 019. Froe-stancing tower corpiance shoots 42 6.25. Bick quarts 95 04 Scaffolding equipment 45 07 Ties to building fagades 97 41 Tubes 467.1 tnrocucing tes 8 42 Boaras 487.2 120tHe comptanc: 99 43° Cowes 5 7.3 _Tyingmetnode 100 4.4 Prefabricated beams St 7.4 Typical anchoring methods 01 4.8 Pretaricated transom units 62 7.5 Pues for spacing tes 102 48 Ladders 537.6 Type layouts 104 77 Ting etn 108 05 Foundations 55 78 Teeassembles 109 7.9 ing prnciles 110 5.1 Scalfokiing foundations 8 730 morning Wo lace ct ie 5.2 Scaffolding foundation loads 8 TN omm i ee)| 07. Ties tobuilding fagades .. 13. Interior birdeages 71 70 Upties 716 Tad TG20 complantinterorbrdeages 172 7.49 Through es > 416 19.2 Birdcage construction 174 7:14 Reveal tes 117 18. Bracing arangorents 176 7.45. Dail or east-n anchorages 118 7-18 Anchor Pes 120 14 Putlog scaffolding 179 7.47 Insaling anchors apa = 7.48. Praiminay anchor tosting 126 kee 19 Anchor i war 719 Retort ecg 15 Towers 183 08 Access and egress 129 SA 1 Fe ee 152. Stationary free-standing towers 485 alive Ho 15.2. Prefabricated mobile towers 186 8.2 Mechanical hoists ee ae ca 8:3 Stdrcase towers 192 8.4 Ladder access towers 196 85 Other methods of ladder access 4g 16 Chimney-stack scaffolding _189 88 Landing patios 198 Tel ypealarengemenis——SSCSC*~*~*~« | 87 eval cates 137 162 Access scald 199 } 09 Openings and bridges 139 17 Plonning and preparation. 195 9.4 Bridge oveniow 140 17.1 Prepaing fora convact 196 : 9.2 Beam specication 142 17.2. The chontbiet 197 9.3 Fong the beams 143 17.9. Pre-oniract sto inspections 198 | 944 Lecng and bracing the bearss 144 17.4 Piskassessments 199 | | 9.5 Repeating the beam system 145 17.5 Method statements: 204 | 9.6 racing around the opening 146 17.68. Teining 205 | 10 Protection of the public 149 18 Work on site 207 | 0-7” Protection ofthe publ 160 “18.1 _Scafeng construction 208 | [102 Pavers 152 18.2 Handover certicates 210 10.3. Stabisng a pavement it 158 18. Seaton inspections 212 10.4 Pavement gantries: 155 18.4 _Dutles of persons using scaffolds 214 10.5 Protection fans 156 18,5 Protecting people and property 215 11 Raising & lowering materials 159 19 Appendix 217 +t Gnwhoos 760 “791_Defntons 218 11.2. Other iting methods 162102 Furthor reading 222 44.2. Liting regultions 462 19.8. Conformance with European Standards 224 41.3. Rubbish chutes 1631944 Acknowedgements 225 12 Loading bays 165 12.1 Loading plairms 766 122 Looding bay gates 167 123. Loading bay tower constuction 168 128 inspection and handover 169 NOUWTALINOD SNITTIOLIWOS ANY SS3DO¥ TYNOLTYNIntroducing TG20 Cnarion vs | 7620 has been developed by the NASG in response to the introduction of BS EN 12611, the European Standard that ‘superseded the withdrawn 8S5973: code of practice for access {and working scaffolds and special scafold structures in test Unike 855973, BS EN 12811 Is a performance document for the ‘design of scaffolding by calculation and not a practical qude for typical scatfolding structures. In order to reinstate this practical guidance, the NASC italy published T620 in 2006 as a guide to good practice for Scaffolding with tubes and fitings to BS EN12811, T&20 was revised in 2008 and, in ne with NASC poiicy, has ben updated {or release in 2013 as TG20:18, “The NASC has taken this oaportunity to significantly redevelop “7620 into this new Operational Guide, which provides clear, practical guidance for scafolding contractors and the wider ‘construction industry. “Tagetiver with the TG20 Design Guide and the new TG20 ‘eGuide, wich significantly reduces the requirement for bespoke ‘scaffolding design, TG20:13 aims to increase awareness of {go0d practice and minimise the impact ofthe introduction of BS {EN12811 on the scaffolding industry. Information in this chapter — Which scaffolding requires design? i) _ 7G20 compliance sheets 12 ee Types of TG.20 scatiolding 13 ee TG20 scaffolding features 1a NOWNESGLINOD ONIGTOLIVOS ANY SSI9OV TWNOLYN«: What scaffolding requires design? The Work at Height Regulations state that "Strength and stabifty calculations for satfolding be carried out unless [i assembled in ‘conformity with a generally recognised stander configuration. Wor at Height Regulations 2 cule 3, Regulation 7, Standard BS5973 provided such «2 defnien fora standard configuration of independent Scatfoidrg. Any independent scaffolding erected within the —— _arameters ofthis defintion — with the prescribed it hights, bay lena, pletform wats, bracing patterns, working loads {and so on — did not require a special design, ‘The European Standard 8S EN 1281 1-1 does not contain ‘Such a standard configuration, impying that al scaffolding structures require incvidual designs. Since ths is not workable in Practice, the NASC has developed 720 to reintroduce the ‘Concent cf standard configurations of scaffolding, ‘hiss achieved by providing defintions for TG20 compat! scaffolding. TG 20 complant scaffolds are standard Configurations of scaffolding that have been designed by structural calculation to BS EN 12811. Any soatfoling that ‘can be shown to be erected in accordance wth TG20 is, therefore also in accordance withthe design requirements of BS EN 12811 and exempt from further design, Ais of the British and European design standarls to which G20 scaffoing conforms is provided in the append of this uid. This appendix also describes come departures from the European Standard in the design of TG20 scattolding, which have been enclorsed by the Health and Safety Executive, \where the standard conficts with accepted best practice in the Unitod Kingdom, Compliance with 720 is demonstrated through the use of TG20 compliance sheets, provided in chapter C3 of {and the aecompanying eGuide. TG20 compliance sheets provide a written record that scaffolgng is compkant and, ‘9xempt from the need! for adaitional design, as described in the next section, ‘The withdrawn Bri TG 20 compliant scaffolds are standard configurations of scaffolding that have been designed by structural calculation in accordance with BS EN 12811. ATG 20 compliance sheet can be used to demonstrate that a scaffold is TG20 compliant and therefore does not need a special designCHAPTER O1 | Introaucing 14.20 TG 20 compliance sheets 720 has been developed to include a range of standard ‘caolding configurations and variations that are described throughout this chapter, AS a wide range of scaffolds aro 7620 compliant, tis important to provide clear and conse eiitions for ther. These defintions can be used within a ‘Ste management process to ensure that tis clear to all partes ‘hich scaffolds are compliant and which require bespoke design ace. |ATG20 compliance sheet is a beet summary of the ote that must be met in order for a ecaffold to be exemaot from ‘desig: Its provided as a checklist that can form part of the process of planning, erecting and inspecting scaffolding, Several standerd TG20 compbancs sheets are provided in ‘chapter 03 of this. guide, which are appropriate for commonly Figure 1.1: the TG20 eGuide ancl a typical TG 20 sed scaffolds. The complete range of compliance sheets is avaliable from the TG20 eGuide, including those for complex ‘satfolds that have traitionally required bespoke engineering design. TG20 compliant scaffoling structures include several variations of independent scaffolding, loading bays, towers, interior biroages and putiog scaffolding; with structural features such as cantlevered protection fans, bridges ‘around! openings, and cantilevered platforms available for independent scaftolding. A compiete lst cf compliant sceold ‘configurations is provided in sections 1.3 ~ 1.4 of this chapter. Design advice, or specialist software, is requited for any scaffolding for which a TG20 compliance sheet is unevaiable, > Stmdord unclad independent k i j a 3 ' i j a i ii Types of TG 20 scaffolding This guide provides good practice guidance and TG20 compliance sheets for several types of scaffolding structure that are Apple iMac desktop and laptop computers running MacOSX Note that tabet computers running the Microsoft Windows FT operating system are not supported by the 720 eGuide, but tablets running Windows 7 oF 8 are, Installing the TG 20 eGuide ‘The TG20 eGuide must be installed onto @ computer before use. The eGuides installed by inserting the CD into the CD chive of the computer and wating for tne instalation process to start automatically. The installation process can also be started manualy by navigating to tie CD using Windowe Explorer and double-clicking setup.exe (on the PO} or using Finder to launch setup.2o0 (on the IMac). ‘Once the 7.20 eGuide has been installed i is started by double-clicking the icon created on the Windows or MacOS desktop. Activating the TG 20 eGuide on first use ‘The 1620 eGuide must be activated before it can be used Every copy ofthe TG.20 eGuide is provided with a unique ‘serial number. When prompted, the unique serial number should be entered into the TG20 eGuide, as shown by figure 2A (Once the serial number has been entered the eGuide must be activated to ensure thal every serial number is only used on ‘one computor ormoblle device ata tm. The computer or mobile device must be connected to the Intornet to activate the TG20 eGuide, \When promoted, the “Activate now option should be sele toregister tne seal number on your computer or mobile device over the Internet, If the seral rurnber is not already in Use, the TG20 eGuide will become activate, If. an internet connection is unavailable, the “Activate later’ ‘option cen be selected, but the TG20 eGuide wil run in a limited demonstretion moce unt itis subsequently activated. While nthe demenstration mode it wil not be pessibe to view or print 720 compliance sheets from the eGuide, Transferring to another computer The TG20 eGuide may be ransterred to another computor or mobile davce by frst deactivating It, This is achoved by selecting the information bution (he eter) from the men bar of the Welcome soreon and choosing the ‘Deactuato" option A connection tothe ntamet is required vile deactivating The serial number may then be used to activate the TG20 ‘Guide on another computer. Figure 2.2: activating the eGuide over the InternetmBeuent CHAPTER 02 | TG20 eGuide Using the TG20 eGuide ‘The purpose ofthe TE.20 eGuide is to browse for 1020 compliance sheets. TG20 compliance sheets can be printed from the eGuide on any compatible pritor or exported tothe Adobe POF electror yrmat for distribution by email wakis Putlog scaffolding “The eGuide lows a wider varity of T620 compliance sheets ee to bo provided than in chapter 02 of ths guide, Including eccuratecalculabons forthe maximum safe height and = required te duty of scaftokding, Navigating the user-interface Te TG20 eGuide has been designed for use on tradtonel desktop or laptop computers controled with a mouse andl on ces including compa taets end lepton jhscreen csplay, ‘The TG20 eGuide prompts a series of options to select an ‘appropriate TG20 compliance shest, for exemple to select the type of scatfold, the working load it wil support the site in which it wi be located, and g0 an. The preferred option is selected in each case by clicking it with the left mouse button cor touching the soreen in the case of a touchscreen device, Depending on the size ofthe alsplay screen and the number cf options avalable at each stage, it may be necessary to scrol the screen to see more options. This s indicated by the presence of an artow at tne adge of the screen, as shown by figure 2.4. These arrows can be clicked withthe mouse or pressed with the finger to see more options ‘Aternatively, when these arrows aro present the screen can bbe swiped with a finger to scroll the display, This can also be ‘achieved with a mouse by pressing and holing the lft mouse button and moving the mouse in the indicated direction, 2.3: a TG20 compliance sheet in the eGuide, fseoanson ting [unc baccope olalting | = Pressing ths araw ed potog searing att owes scr the asplay 4: scroling the display to see acitional options, NOMVerTASINOD SNIGTOAIVDS ANY SS1I9V THNOLYN2.3 Selecting a compliance sheet |ATG20 compliance sheet is selected by folowing the steps prosented by the TG20 eGuide. ‘The steps for selecting a compliance sheet ae: 4. Select the type of scatold for which a ‘compliance sheet is required 2, Select options for the scaffold, for exarmpe Its ‘quired working load, width, height and other ‘dimensions; ‘Select which add-ons are required, such as a bridge or cantlever fan, if they are permitted for the chosen scaffold type: 4. Select the site locaton and wind exposure. if the ‘aod isto be stuated In luvation exposed to the wind: 5, ‘Select the preferred TG20 compliance shect if several are avellable that mest the specified itera These steps are described in tun ras plus two inside boards Selecting the scaffold type “The fist step is 10 select the required scaffold type from the avaiable options, as shown by figure 2.4, Note that 1620 compliance sheets for ladder-access towers, and loading bays, which are add-on scaffold towers, can be obtained by ist selecting the ‘indepencient scaffolding’ option. Selecting scatfold options ‘Once the scaffold type has been chosen a number of options ‘ar presented by the TG20 eGuide that depend on the Scaffold type. Some typical options are iustrated in figures 255 to 27, which show how to select the scaffold width, tho required ald-on features, and the required working toad, “The working oad is selocted by clicking the required option init the let mouse button or pressing the touchscreen, just as ‘whan selecting the soatfold type. Most of the options soreans work in this way. ‘The required scatfold width, height and other dimensions are selected using siders, as shown by fue 2.5. The sider is eperated by pressing it with a finger and sliding it (fa touchscreen display is used) or holding down the left mouse ‘button and moving the mouse Figure 2.5: selecting the scaffold with wathséiecting add-ons Inckpendantecafoklng can reude aon, 3 dese tec, 0 ofthis gue, incuding brages, pavement in aor overed protton fare and carlovered patos it, cant by aking tubes or rei boars brackels. Adg-ons Seseectod as shown by figure 2.6. iaseach add-ons elected, an acttional soroen may be A ert oy tho ule oe tutor opts st 0 aac For oxampl, a tidge i eure inthe sass tre ee seron is prod 1 soec the number oF sto By eoppatod by, as shown by Howe 2.8. possters » maxirnum working {tis also possible to speciy whetner an independent scat will include an add-on scaffolding tower, which may be @ ‘oading bay or ladder-aocess tower, in a similar way. “The maximum safe height and required te duty rer the TG20 compliance sheat forthe main access scat vv include the effects of any add-ons, for example a Ccantevered protection fan may decrease the maximum helght ofthe scatfold or increase its required ts duty in ‘some crcumstances. A TG20 compliance sheet is also provided for each add-on, speciving ts design and assembly ted by w WW TYNOUWN NOUNIESINOD ONIGTOALOS ANY S539"2.3 # Select the site location Selecting the site location The site locaton must be spected ifthe scafld ist be situated ine cation exposed fo the wind. Tne G20 Guide provides an intractve wind map, tustated by igure 2, which aviomaticaly calculates the wind exposure by assessing ofc meteorological dala, the ste aitude and toposraphy, the height ofthe scafod, and the extent to which the wind exposure is reduced at rland sites, “The interactive map is used by moving the site marker or by entering the site address or postcode inthe ‘Search’ box. Ifthe interactive map is used on a madie device with GPS capability the ste automatically defaults to the current location of the deviee. “The intoractive map dlgplays three gauges at the right-hand roan. The first displays the TG20 wind factor: a calculated measure ofthe site wind exposure desorbed 20 Design Guide. est ofa cif or escarpment have greater wind axpasure than equivalent sites on fat teraln, 0 to cycle between, ting ‘The third gauge can be clicked or pr the seasons over which the scaffold wil be stancing, in reduced wind exposure dunng the spring or summer. ‘The interactive wind map requires an Internat connection. i ‘@ connection is unavailable a simple wind map 's presented 28 shownin igure.2.10, which allows the ste wind exposure {o\be selected as desorbed in soction 3.3 ofthis guide, tis strongly recommended that the Interactive wind map is used, ‘where possible, to obtain the most ecient complant scatol. Figure 2.8: the interactive wind map, Figure 2.10: ihe smpie wind map,selecting the preferred design ‘noe alo the required scafolang and site options rave been ca coted a 720 compliance sheet is displayed that mest seeped criteria Fane's aval f add-ons or acon tre teing towers ae required 8 TG2O comolance chet vil provided for each add-on in aden 10 the compliance shoot forthe main scattotd in some circumstances 2 720 complance sheet may not be fund, for example if the required scatfoking height cannot be achioved with the selected options. In these cases the problem is reported, a8 shown by gure 2.11 internatively, several candidate designs may be avaliable. For ‘remple, I ay le necessary to reduce the bay ength of the aretiiding or use en arTangerent oes with te postions at Seehy at inorder to achove the recuied scaffolding height. 1 those cases the aterative designs are presented, as shown ty fou 2.12, 0 the preferred TG20 complance sheet 27 be selected. Printing or sending by email ‘noe a 76.20 compkance shoot has been selected. the signature area inthe footer section can be completed by typing in the allocated spaces, as shown by figure 2.13, and adding a signature. The Information entered in the footer Is remembered by the TG20 eGuide so it does not need to be repeatedly entered foreach scaffold in a project 2.3 Once this has been completed the TG20 compliance sheot ‘Can be exported to the Adobe POF electronic format go that it nay be printed, saved to the computer or sent by eral. This is achieved by selecting the ‘Save as POF" option. ferrame as doled i 1620.13 chant 03 er a Sciam coon Este 0:0 const nani vn a «emacs Nevertire: Gane © en ee en soe LMSnuentaootevecgneancrenm a” sat cops ee o reangsinmtnanioreinstans sionatt te sense ree "Save as PDF || Start NoLLWusaLINOD ONITTOIIVDS ANY SS399¥ THNOLLYN Jue 2.13: saving the competed TG20 sheet to POF— t a * Standard unclad independent StI § "seasons eran Ese Coon ba — ener oni er sii cae ~ _enn ien ve | see TG 20 compliance sheets seep upuneaneareses: #8 “Tis chapter contains compliance sheets for TG20 scatilcing ‘salt-contained definitions of scaffolds that have been designed by Structural calculation and do not require addtional design. “The TG20 compliance sheets specity the design criteria for several common configurations of scatfolding, including the heights to which they may be safely erected, the maximum dimensions to Which they must conform end, where applicable, the les required to stabiise ther. “These complance sheets may be used during the planning and execution ofa project, as described in chapters 17 and 18, to ‘domonstrate which scaffolding is T620 compliant and wich scaffolding requires special guidance from a scatfokdng designer. “The 720 complence sheets may be photocopied or preferabiy, thay may be printed from the TG20 eGuide. In addition to the ‘basic’ compance sheets provided in this ‘chapter, the eGuide provides compliance sheets for a wide range Of variations, inctuding greater safe heights than pematted by the basic compliance shoots and a variety of Day enaths, tie arrangements and equipment options. “The compliance sheets printed from the TG20 eGuide are also taiored for local concitions by an accurate assessment of the site wind exposure, allowing the TG20 compliance sheets printer fom the eGuide to provide rrore efcient designs for lower soatfolds and safe designs for tal scatfoiing, However, the basic 1620 compliance sheets in this chapter alow many typical scatoids to be erected and checked for 120 ‘comaiance without the need to consult the eGuide, ‘Usage instructions for the TG 20 eGuide are provided in chapter Information in this chapter —— Using the compliance sheets Bridge compliance sheets asian 718 es Cantiever protection fan compianca sheat Dasign & ee Ladder-access tower compliancs sheat Dasqn 12 Loading bay compliance shest Design 14 ee Intarior brccage compliance shest Design 12 Ptlog scaffocing compliance shoet Design 13 Design 14] 18, NOUVEIALENOD SNITIOUIVDS ANY SSIDOV TWNOLLYN~——— tis recommended that, as part ofthe planning phase, either si Using the compliance sheets ‘The purpose of the TG20 compliance sheets isto clearly and a TG20 compliance sheet ora bespoke design is provided concisely summarise the dlmensions and other itera to for each scatfold as part of the project method statement, as \which a scaffold must conform in order to be TG20 compliant described in chagter 17, land exempt from bespoke design, ‘The compliance sheets state the specific soatfolds to which ‘The compliance sheets should be used in conjunction withthe they apply, proving documentary evidence of the seats tex ofthis guide, which specties detailed information about on the site that are TG20 compliant. This information ‘each design criterion, fentered in the footer area of the complane sheet, which also Drovides @ space ‘or the signature of a responsible porson to ‘confirm thatthe scaffold has becn erected in accordance wth the design. ‘A compliance sheet is required for each scaffold, or each group of similar scaffolds, on a project to demonstrate that they conform to a TG20 standerd configuation. ‘The ful range of compliance sheets, including those provided in this chapter, is evalablo from the TG20 eGuide. Is required for every * Standard unclad independent scaffold, or group of ‘So wc io 0d tg depend sos 2m mann hg, scaffolds, that conform to an the design arn aE = maeserneere — ‘Ramemeteeaeuae | Every such scala must cea Conform to the eritria ee described on the sheet. oe Atmbewon saat a The subsequent chapters meena a ra of tis guide provide detailed information for ‘each oriterion and shouk ‘Screpmerenremetn ae. anes be conte er futher Soma easter Saets Ranke ees details, ‘bin oro 10 cn tbr et teen TO 9 at ‘osm a Pot hi ‘The footer area dofines the ste and scaffolding Signott that the compliance sheet ‘manvategtet Cleon Coane cesar ain ua — I ‘Spaces are provided for rte Senter: 1] aresponsibie, competent te sown incividual to sign the fads a ne sheet and confirm that the seatlldng wi corepard “Seiaecamieercrenmasimeae — | | winthereaemansct the compan set ‘emperor ter ce vod Figure 3.1: the features ofa 7620 complance sheetCHAPTER 03 | IGzU compnance snevw Understanding the criteria In ord fora scaffold to be TG20 compliant it must maet the design cfteria defined in he compliance sheet: Maximum height “This is the maximum safe height to which a scaffold may be erected, measured to the platform of the top lit. tis necessary to erect a tall scatfold a diferent compliance ‘Sheet may be avallable, typically a sheet printed from the 7620 eGuide, or t may be necessary to sack design advice. Ties ‘The compliance sheets specity when itis necessary to tie he ‘Sao to @ permanent structural feature and, so, how the ‘scaffold should be ted, “The tie specication defines the strength of ies that are required (he te duly, the number of ties required per square ‘metre of scaffolding the tie density) and the maximum Cistance between lines of tie. In ganeral, scaffolds that are sheeted of exposed to high winds reauire ties of greater duty Or greeter density than unclad scatloiding in areas of low wind, “The complanoe shoes also provide guiclance for the fxing oftie tubes and state when the effects of the sito wind necessitate additional stabilisation methods. Further guidance fo ties is provided in chapter O7, Mendmum loading ‘The TG20 compliance sheets speciy the maximum working load thet the soatold is designed to support. Generel-purpose independent scaffolding is designed to support 2.0KN/m? {eppreximataly 200kg/m) at tho working it, but alternative ‘designs are avalable for greater loads, which ray require adcitiona strengthering depending on the scald height, ‘Some scaffold types, such as birdcages, ae typically used for lighter-duty work. Scaffold platform load classes and loading fare described in sections 6.2 ~ 6.8. “The compliance sheets also specify the maximum number cot pletforms that may be loaded at any time, per elevation Cf scaffolding, as itis normal practice for one platform to be ‘actively used, with another platform for the temporary light ‘storage of tools and materials, even if more scaffold its are boarded, Maximum dimensions 720 compliant scaffolding must conform to certain maximum dimensions stated by the compliance sheets, These are primarly the maximum bay length (the stance between ‘adiacent pairs of stander}, the ift height (the vertical ‘stance between platforms) and the maximum transom ‘spacing (the maximurn spacing between board-bearing trancoms). In general, heavier-duty lads require reduced bay lengths and transom spacing, “These compliance citria are described in more detain the subsequent chapters ofthis guide. It is important to be familar ‘wih them before using the TG.20 compliance sheets. Add-ons and structural features “The G20 compliance sheets for independent soatfoiding state whether they are designed to include add-ons or otner ‘structural features such as a bridge, cantilever protection fan, Ccantiever working platform or pavernent lit. TG'20 complance Shoots should be provided for the main scatfoid and for each Structural feature not Included in the basic specication. In some cases a structural feature may change the design of the main scaffold, for example the maximum sate height of a scaffold may be reduced by providing a cantlever protection fan. To accommodate this, the compliance shests for the majority of special features are printed from the eGuide rather ‘than being provided in this chapter, 80 the safe height and tie duty reperted on the compliance sheets can be customised forthe selected structural features and ste location, as eserbed in chapter 02 Erection toleramces “The dimensions reported on the TG20 compliance sheets are subject to the following erection tolerances: Feature ction tolerance Vertical to within « 20mm in 2m, to @ Standards ppayimum total deviation of SOmm. Level to within + 20mm in 2m, to a maximum Led9erS total deviation of 50mm. ‘Transoms + 100mm on the target spacing Bay length + 200mm on the designated length. Lift height + 100m on the designated height ‘Table 3.1; erection tolerances. “Tolerances are intended to allow operatives to work to a reasonable degree of accuracy and should not be used to for example, repeatedly tect 2.1 m its when 2.0m lifts are ‘stated on a TG20 compliance sheet. Tis is similarly the case for the bay length and transom spacing Lift heights, bay lengths and transom spacings may be reduced below the stated values to sut site conditions. 3.2 NOUWEIGLINOD ONITIOLVDS ANY SSI99¥ TYNOLYN3.3 The effect of the site location “The site wind exposure can affect the manierum height ofa scaffold and the duty ofthe ties roquited to stabilise it, especially vihen the scaffold is sheeted or dobris-retted, A simp wind exposure clasitication system is lustrated hor, to be used with the basic TG20 compliance sheets within thi chapter. A more ‘accurate wind analysis, which can result in increased safe haghts and reduced tie duties, is avalabie rom the T20 eGuide and further achice for scaiflding signers is provided in the T&20 Design Guide. ‘The wird exposure ray be classiied as moderate, high or extreme using the wind map and detinions provided in figura 3.2, togethor with 1 classifications in figure 3.3. This wind exposure may then be reduced to a lower classification, i appropriate, to consider seasonal and wind shielding factors. This can regut in the ind exposure being reduced to a spatial low assiication, as expiainad in the examples on the opposite page, Moora vi 0 odorata wind exposure on nemioaly fat grunt an ite of ‘oan alttude of 150m, High wind exposure on a moderate o steep ito an High wie exposure on a moderate hilo an atiuds of 150m, cr ft ground at #603601, alttude of 150m, or fet ground at 150 3601, rome win exposure ona moderate ors Bareme wind expesure on asleep if, ona hia alttudes exceecing 150m ane an fat grouns ‘modorata till anove 180m and on fat ground Above 350m, sbove 360m. ° fwd exposure to an altitude of 150m on arene wird expoeuco tis recom orn fat ground the 7820 eGuide ueed to wind exposure assessment for ended tat rome wind exposure on all moderate oF stoep hits 0 08 love and on fat ground above 150) nt independent scaffolds as defined in this chapter,CHAPTER US | 1G2u culmpnunee suc site topography “Fe tes considered o be on a moderate il or stze9 hil, as specif in fqure 2 ths within the orange zones Free carer Othowoe the sto cansicoed to Be on nominal fat ground forthe purpose ofthe wind assessment 25% ‘50% hill length 25% ‘Slope fength 190% slone iengen 3.3 ee — i S086 ena Moderate cliff or escarpment, average slope 1 : 200 1:5. Slope length 150% slope length <—_—— 509% onath > — ‘Steap hil, average slope above 1:5. ‘Steep af or escarpment, average slope above 1:5, fgure 3.3: topogracical locations on which ast is consdared to be on a moderate or step hillor escarpment {A site is considered to bein a city if tis in an area in which at least 15% of the surtace is covered with buildings and their average height exceeds 15m. The site should be at least 2km from any surrounding large ‘open spaces, countryside or coastline. The scaffold ‘should be within approximately 30m of these buildings in order to be effectively shielded. “The wind exposure of a sit in a city can be reduced by one classification. This reduction may be used in ‘addition to the soasonal reduction if a city scaffold is standing over the spring or summer. The wind classification may not be reduced below low. NOMWirgaaINOD SNIGIOSAVIS ANY SSIDO¥ THNOLYN,NASC = Standard unclad independent An uncad tube and ting ted independent scaffold with 2.0m maximum it heights Design height Mesienum height: 16m tothe top kt Maximum loading One it oad, plus one It 50% loaded, por fagade with moading | 4 General purpose 2.0kN/m# 4 Hoavy duty 3.0%N/m? Inside boards loaded to 0.7SkNven? atthe working it Foundation design leg load {forthe client) 16.0kN (18.65KN if a cantiever fan is included, Ties Y 1x 3.5kN flight duty) tle per 16. Y Max 4.0m between te lines (ied at etornate lit): Max 4.0m horizontal distance between vertical ti nes. Location, Add-on features Vali in the British Isles where the site wind exposure is not” This scaffold may optional include a TG20 compliant ‘extreme as defined in TG-20:13 chapter 03, bridge, pavement ft, cantiever fan, loading bay and ladder tower with a 120 compliance sheat for aach Criteria To be erected as a TG.20 compliant ted independent scaffold as described in TG20:13 chepter 06: 8-5 main boards and up to 2 inside boards wide; Fagade braced in every elevation, one ect per six bays: } Maximum it height: 2.0m: Ledger braced at alternate standards and at end frames: Maximum bay ienath: 2.0m (oad class 8), 1.8m (cess 4); Double querd ras and toe boars at boarded lit (hiplo Maximum transom spacing: 1.2m (load class 8), 0.9m Suara permited atthe top It required); (load class 4) Y Single guard ras at unboarded lifts; May not be clad with debris-netting or sheeting; Internal edge protection provided where required Y Boerded at any number ofits; Tied in accordance with T@20:13 chapter 07. Tied to an impermeable fagade (no significant openings}: Sign-off Mimi working leat: [J] 2.0xNre []2.0Kime Company: 2 ‘Scatfold reference: a NASC membership 90%: ..ee.--+ . Site reference: “ Name: oo Signature: Position: sonst ceveeeseeee Date! a 7620 complanee sheets for scatlds of greater height and of other coniguratons are avaiable rom the TS 20 eGuide. Uso of this NASC document doesnt infer NA nembershp, Go to wwwn.nasc.org uk to contim membership.Location. Valid in the British isles where the site wind exposure is not extreme as defned in TG.20:13 chapter 03. Criteria v3- main boards end up to 2 inside boards wide; Maverumn it height: 2.07; Maximum bay length: 2.0m foad class 1.8m (lass 4 Masirnumn transom spacing: 1.2m (load ciass 3), 0.8m (oad class 4); ‘Clad with high-permeabilty debris-netting; no sheeting: oarded at any number of its Tied to an impermeable fagade (no significant openings Sign-off Maxérrum working load 2oknim? []3.0KWim? ‘Company NASC membership n0%:... Name: Postion: 7620. iance sects for scaffoiss of greater height and of othe ership, Go to ven. enarion us standard debris-netted independent ‘tube and tng ted independent satfokd with 2,0m maximum it eights, ay oF Para 1 with permeable debi noting, Design height J Maximum height: 16m othe top HR Maximum loading One ift loaded, phis one It 50% loaded, per fagace with: 3 General purpose 4 Heavy duty Inside boards loaded to 0.75kN/m? at the working it Foundation design log toad (forthe client): 16.1 kN. (1 BkN ita cantilever fan is included) Ties VY. 4x8.5K0 (ight duty tie por 16m*(r V1 6:1 KN (stendard duty) tie per 18m high wind sites) Y- Mex 4.0m between to lines (tied at alternate Hs} roderate wind sites Max 4.0m horizontal distance between vertical te tines: Tred at the top lit at ledger-breced standards Add-on features This scaffold may optionaly include a TG20 comptiant bridge, pavernent lf, cantiever fan, loading bay and ladder tower with aTG20 comptance sheet for each. Tobe erected as aTG20 compliant ted independent scafod as described in TG20:19 chapter 08: V Fagade braced in every elvation, ane sat par sik bays: V Ledger braced at alternate standards and at end frames; Double quard rails and toe boards at boarded its ‘Single guard rails at unboarded its: /- Internal edge protection provided where required. V- tructuraltransoms at ledger-braced frames when the Scaffold height exogeds 4m and the site wind is high hapter 7. “Tied in accordance with 7620: Wind exposure: [C7] Low or Moderete Orn Scaffold reference: Site reference: Signature: Date: : Lonfgurations ara avaiable from the 7620 eG. 2.orquk to confrm membership NUNeEIaaINOD DNITTOIAVDS ANY SSIDOV TYNOLLVNNASC ¥th spon irom Standard sheeted independent | ‘A lube and fiting ted independent scaffold with 2.0m maxirnum lt heights, Location Vali in the British isles where the site wind exposure is not ‘extrame as defined in TG20:13 chapter 03, Criteria ‘To be erected as a 7620 compliant tied independent scafold as 3-5 main boards and up to 2 inside boards wide; Maximum itt height: 2.0m; Maximum bay length: 2.0m (load class 3), 1.8m (lass 4); Maximum transom spacing: 1.2m (load class 8), 0.8m oad class 4) Clad with impermeséle sheeting: Board at any number of tts; Tied to an impermoabio facade (no signiicant operingy) Sign-off Maximum working load oven CJaomvme Company: cose . NASC membership no% Name: Postion: 720 compliance sheets for scatfols of greater height 2 of his NASC document doesnot nf NASC members. Goto wawnase.orguk to Wyorparay cua vin inpemestiostectng, | Design height 18m to te top it, 14m fr 2 side boards in nigh Maximum loading One it loaded, plus one it 60% loaded, er fagace with wing 3 General purpose 2.0kN/m? Heavy duty 8.0KN/mt Inside boards loaded to 0.75kN/m? at the working it Foundation design leg load (for the cent): 16.4kN. (19.9kN if a cantiover fan is included, Ties "1X 6.1KN (Standard duty) ta per 16! (moderate wind); 1X6.1KN (standard duty) tie per 13mm? or 1 x 9.4 kN. (class 6 standard duty) tie per 16? (high winds Max 4.0m between to ines ted at alternate Hs); ‘Max 4.0m horizontal distance betwaon vertical te ines; Tec atthe top it at ledger-braced standards, Add-on features This scaffold may optionally include a 720 compliant bridge, pavement ift,cantlever fan loading bay and. lacider tower with a TG.20 compliance sheet for each, described in TG.20:13 chapter 06: Fagacie braced in every elevation, one set per six bays; Y Ledger braced at a ie Standards and at end frames; Double guardrails and toe boards at boartied its; Single guard rails at unboardd tits Internal edae protection provided where require Y Tied in accorcance with TG20:18 chapter 07; Structural butting transoms at every node point connected to the inner and outer ledgers with right-angle couplers or equivalent Wind excosure: [Low oe Moderate Cron ‘Scatfold reference: Sito reference: ‘Signature: Date: 20 of other configurations are avaiable from the TG20 eGuide nfm membership,Bp eeoeseaeseeueepeeasrn NASC CHAPTER 03 | TGZU compuance sneers Unclad independent with transom units ‘An nclad tiod independent scald with 2.0m maximum it heights, assembled fom tubes, fitings and 20-13 compliant Tofabreated structural transom units. Ledger bracing may be omitted, Location Vala inthe British sles where the site wind exposure is not extreme as defined in TG20:13 chapter 03. Criteria “Tobe erected as a 7G20 compliant ted independent scaffold as ¥ 1620-18 compliant prefabricated structural ransom units provided at evory standard-to-iedger intersection; Ledger bracing may be omitted from this scefoid to the ‘maximum safe height specific: 35 main boards and up to 2 inside boards wide; Maximum it height: 2.01 Maximum bay length: 2.0m foad class 3}, 1.8m (ease 4) Maximum transom spacing: 1.2m (oad class 3), 0.8m (load class 4); Sign-off Mavirum wesking oct [1] 2.0%N/n? 3.0kN/m* Company: NASC membership 10? .. Name: Position: Design height ¥16mto the top it, 14m with two inide boar ‘Maximum loading Ono it loaded, plus one it 50% loaded, per fagad wit 2.0KN/mt 3.,0kN/m? 3 General purpose 4 Heavy duty Inside boards loaded to 0.75kNV/m? atthe working lit Foundation design lag load (forthe client): 13.8kN, Ties YY 1x3.5KN (ight duty tie per 16m Y Max 4.0m between tis ines (tied at alternate its V-Max 4.0m horizontal istance between vertical tie Ines. Add-on features This seatfold may optionaly inctude a TG20 compliant bridge, pavement kt, loading bay and ladder tower with a G20 complance sheet for each (s9e the eGuide for fans) deseribed in 7620:13 chapter 06: May net be clad with debris-netting or sheeting: Y Boarded at any numberof tits; Tied to an impermeable facade (no sigaicant openings} .gade braced in every elevation, one set per six bays: Double guard rails and toe boards at boards its Single guard rais at unboarded fits: internal edge protection provided where require V Tied in accordance with TG.20:1S chapter O7. Scaffold reference: Site reference: . Signature Date: ©7020 complance sheets or scafois of greoter height and fothar configurations are avaiable fram the TG20 etude Use of thi NASC document does natn JASC membership, Go fo wwrwnasc org.uk fo confi membership. NOLVEIGRINOD SNIGTOLIVDS ANY SSEDO¥ THNOLWNNASC Debris-netted independent with transom units A tied independent scaffold with 2.0m maximum lft heights, partial or fully clad with high-permeabilly debris-netting, ‘assembied from tubes, fitings and 7G 20:13 compliant prefabricated struct Location Vali in the British leo where the site wind expcaure ia not extreme as defined in TG20:13 chapter 03, Criteria To be erectedas a TG20 compliant tied independent scatfold as described in 1620-13 chapter 06: Y 1G20:13 complant prefabricated structural ransom units proved a every stancard-to-ledger intersection; Ledger brecing ray be omitted from this scaffold to the maximum safe height spectiod; 36 mainboards and up to 2 Inside boards wide; Maximum lift height: 2.0m; ¥ saxinum bay length 2.0m oad class 3, 1.8m (las Maximum transom spacing: 1.2m feat lass 9), 0.9m (load class 4); Sign-off Maxirun working oad: [C]204Nvm? []smNin? ‘Company: NASC mambership no... Name: Postion: ee With support fom: ‘ransom units. Ledger brachg may be omitted. Design height 16 mte the top ltt wth upto one inside board; 14m (oad c2ass § or 12m (oad class 4) with two inside boards Maximum loading One itloaded, plus one tt 909% loaded, per fapade wth aA ERA ts | General puposo— 2.0kN/m? 4 Heavy duty 3.0kN/m# Y nsice boards loaded to 0.75kNin? atthe working it Founclton design lag lac (or the chen): 13. Ties 1 9.5KN\ ight day te par 18m moderate win sas); 1 x6.10\(tanaard aury ve per 15m fugh wind ste); 5). V Max4.0m horizontal distance between vertical tia ines; Y Max4.0m betwen to ines (tad at alternato i Tiedt the top lit at alternate standards, Add-on features Tria scaffold may optonally inckide a 70.20 comaliant bridge, pavement it, loading bay and ladder tower with a 20 compliance sheet for each (800 the eGuide for far). Clad with high-permeabilty detxis-netting: no sheeting: Y Boarded at any numberof its; Ted oan inporeatetaade ro sgntcan| opening A Facade braced in every elevation, one set par skxbays: Double guard rails and toe boards at boarded its Y Single quar rails at unboarded its Internal edge protection provided where roqured: Ted i accordance with T20:18 chapter 07. Wind exposure: [T] Low or Moderate Clo ‘Scaffold reference: Site reference; Signature on Date:CHAPTER 03 | TG20 compliance sheets Pavement lift ‘Apavoment ft for TG.20 compliant ted independent scatolding as described in T620:13 chapter 10. The cross symbols below indicate a ine of ties at alternate (oreferably ladger-braced) standards as dascribed in TG20:13 chapter 07 Plan bracing at every bay of the Methods of stably: tie markers indicate a fine of tes at alternate standards, Re pavement ft must be erected and maintained in accordance wth the requirements ofthe local Highway Author undor an appropriate street or pavement closure cence. Further information is provided in SG24: Guidance on protection of the put Criteria. Suitable for TG20 compliant tied independent scaffolang; Ledger bracing omitted below the fst it ‘Maximum 2.7 m pavement itt height First it to be close-boarded or double-boarded with an Mrimum 2.44m clear headroom, mediate waterproof membrane; Pavement it stabilsed with method (a, (0) or (e, as Five boards wide plus up to two Inside boards; lustrated above and described in T&20:18 chapter 10, Signott [E71 @ Second it ted, plan beac [JB Pavement tes at atrate () Second it tied no more than every bay ofthe pavement (ledger braced) standards 4.0m from the ground, Company; sseonsssss = ise. Scaffold reference: NASC membership no": caves Ste reference: Name es Signature: a Psion: 7 sas Date ita “Bear NAS docunont coe nate NASC membership. Go fo was or. to confi meters 3 NOLWUIGLINOD SNIOTOLIVDS GNV SS290¥ TVNOLLYNEES compliant ted independent scaffold as deserved in 1520: 13 cha 09 Design height Suitable for use vthin 8 TG20 con scaffold of 16m maximum height" Y The supporting standards should be douiied where the foundation design tag load excexis 22,0HN 1pfant tid independent ‘suppattiog up to 8 its 4 6 8 199 22 245 = Two-bay bridge Beam specification ‘Supported by a pair of 805mm (ri beams or equivalent stoa! or aluminium ittice oF sth the folowing minimum structural properties ‘Safe working moment resistance with 12.5KNm top chord restraints at 1.2 m spacing Safe working shear resistance skh Lach hoe seve Baten Beam fixing and bracing ‘Boome atthe inner and outer faces, ted to ead! the top and bottom chords with righ-an ‘Bears braced with tubes and right-angle or sw to form "box girder v between bottom chords at 2.4m spacing: Plan braced in the top thi of the beams at ‘Section bracing at 2.4m spacing. sign-off “The bridge wl bo within TG.20 compliant ted in ‘Company: NASC membership 70% Name: Postion: ot npn inimum) deep steel ladder le couplers. Lacing tubes between top chords at 1.2m spacing and 186 apoument does ne Bridge specification Y- Maximum span of 4.0m (8.6m for load class 4 scaffolds Y-Abteast one braced bay of suattoiing io roquiead both Sides of the opening snd between openings; The opening may extend vertically to form a partial poring in the scafotd or extend the foundation: The scaffold isto be tied at the supporting standards. Pan baci Lacing te at ho top chants unit bears horde ae pune {acing tbe bw te bt chads hy standart athe aopotig senards a eure, flowing guidance tom te beam manila Wel coupias — Scaffold bracing the bridge at the nner and Fagade braced both sides of pening, to the height of ‘within six bays of the oF +.2mspacing: Y- Supperting standards ledger braced both sides of the ‘pening to the height ofthe bridge. dependent scaffolding of maximum working load: 2owvine []aokwine | j ‘Scaffold reference: Site reference: Signature: Date: 1 sheets for bigs within scafolas of oreater| infer NASC membershi. ott a0 aval rm the T6z0 0Gute. Go towmw.nasc org.uk 0 confirm members.NASC CHAPTER 03 | TG20 compliance sheets Three-bay bridge ‘A bidge supporting a tee-bay opening in a TG 20 compl ted independent scald as described in 720-19 chapter 09 £ Beam specification ‘Supported by a pair of 610mmn (minimum) deep stee! lattice or Unit beams or equivalent aluminium beams withthe folowing minimum structural properties ‘Safe worlang moment resistance with 27.0kNm top chord restraints at 1.2 m spacing Safe working shear resistance 15.6KN Beam fixing and bracing Beams atthe inner and outer faces, fixed to each standard at the top and bottom chords with right-angle couplers ‘Beams braced with tubes and right-angle or swivel couplers toform a ‘box gid’ acing tubes between top chords at 1,2m spacing and ‘betwoen bottom chords at 2.4m spacing, Plan beaced inthe top thicd of tha beams at 1.2m spacing; Section bracing at 2.4m spacing Sign-off Design height Suitable for use within a T620 compliant tod independent Scaffold of 16m maximum height”, supporting uo to 8 fit; The supporting standards should be doubled where the foundation design leg oad exceeds 22.0 KN: a (FOGRIORIBRAN) 17.0 225 240 257 292 207 Bridge specification Maximum span of 6.0m (5.4m for load cass 4 scat A least one braced bay of scaffolding is required both ‘ides of the opening and betwean openings; The opening may extend vertically to form @ partial ‘pening in the scaffold or extend tothe foundation; Y The scat isto be tied at the supporting standards, Pan bracing Lacig tube atthe tap chords Lacing tube above the botom chords athe purehaons Lag ube below the batt chords atthe supporing standars tam hres wh £N74 Cass B couple, or chek couplers prvise, ire bage supports 7 oF Bite atove with te hide Boards Scaffold bracing Facade braced both sides ofthe bridgo at the inner ancl ‘outer faces, within six bays of the opening, tothe height of the bridge; Supporting standards ledger braced both sides of the ‘pening to the height of the bridge, ‘The bridge willbe within TG 20 complient ted independent scaffolding of maximum working loact [[] 2.0Kw/me []3.0xn/m= Company: NASC membership no. Name: Paton: 1720 compliance sheat for gas wihin scat of rater height are evalabe rom the 1820. Use of is NASC document does notin NASC membarshia, Goto wwrw.nase. org.uk ‘Soatfoid reference: ‘Ste reference: Signature: Date: NOUWUICEINCD SNITIOAIVDS GNY SSI99¥ TYNOLYN= Cantilever protection fan 9 1 by 276.20 compliant tod independant scald as described in TG2O:19 chapter 10 ‘A cantilever protection fan support Design height Suitable for use wth 2 7620 conan tod indapandont Sore tower aca wah maim 2.0m bays and a rapenunn eight 1.0m to the top HA" Fan specificettion Maximum one fan per scaffolding etevation, J Minmam clearance of 244m for pedestians and sree: verdes, subject to lcal Highway Aunty requirements Y Maxirnum fan width: 6 boards Ties “The it supporting the fan must be tied at alternate (preteraby ledger-braced) standards with: 3.5K) fight duty) tes if the sestold is unclad, V6.1 KN (standard duty) tes if the scafold is debris-netted Oris sheeted and in a site with moderate wind exoosure V Q:1KN (class B standard duty) tis ifthe scatfold is shestedt ‘and in a ste with high wind exposure Fan usage Fan construction. Supported by propped cantilever priraial transoms rratching the bay spacing of the main scatflc Connected below the inner ladger and above the outer jedger ofthe rain scaffold with right-angle couplers: | Intended to catch small objects such as fitings fromm 8 ‘maximum vertical distance of 6.0m; Protection fans cannot be guaranteed to catch and retain faling objects and must be used as part of @ safe syste of work based on a risk assessrrent Preferably supported by raking props connected to the fit | | The effectiveness of a fan less than six boards wide will be below, or by raking hangers to the lit above, at ‘the bay reduced accoingy. Spacing ofthe man scafl: Fan loadin: V Docked with 38mm thick timber sao boards, tose Ys g ad of 0.75KN/ boarded and restrained from liting off, .spports a maximum loa of 0.75kN/r pet “ Decking supported by intermediate transorns with a % Must nat be used forthe storage of matrals. Agaregate® ———mzximum spacing of 12m: fx snow must be cleared prompt. V Toe boards and quard ais must remain in pao atthe it rapportng tha fn sign-off j ‘Wind exposure: ‘Low or Moderate High 1 wo more than one su fan wi be ted per ovation of TG20 compl fed independent seaoksng. i cos bs ated ioe NASC membership 900% -eeeeeee-o—~ ‘Site reference: ? Name : Signature Poston: ee Date: - 7 sv@z0 camgtence sects or cntoer protection fars win safe of rater Deg we aveiae fom Pe 1220 ec | vrven ot NAG document des na ne NASC member. Go To venues auto conker PamDaSAPNASC Standard ladder-access tower CHAPTER 03 | 1620 compliance sheets th ston om ‘A scafolding tower forthe provision of external ladder access toa ted independent scald Location Valin the British Isles except where the site wind speed is extrame as defined in T320:13 chapter 03. Criteria, Design height ‘Suitable for use with a 720 complet tied independant ‘scaffold to 2 maximum height of 16.0m to the top it Mexximum loading Designed to support up to six its simultaneously loaded with personnel fo a maximum load of 1.0 kN/m™, Foundation design leg load or the client): 20.44; | Must not be used for the storage of materials Ties Tied at the end standards at aternate its wit, ¥ 3.5KN (ight duty ties if unclad, Y 6.1KN (standard duty) tes if debris-netted orf sheeted and in alow wind site; 9.1K (class B standard duty) tes if sheoted and ina moderate wind site, 12.2KN (heavy duty) tes if sheeted and in high wind, or sStandrd duty tes atthe end standards at every lit Add-on features Design advice may be required it any add-on features not Stated on this compliance sheet are attached to the tower. Tobe erected 28a 7620 ladderaccess tower or a TG20 ted independent scaffold as described ih TG20:78 chapter 08; Maximum it height: 2.0m, Maximum length: 2.0m bays (2.1.8 for load class 4 scafiolds) ‘Maximum transom spacing: 1.2m; 3-5 boards wide: Fazade braced at the outer face ofthe tower; edger braced atthe end faces ofthe tower May be clad with sheeting or debis-netting: Sign-off Wind exposure: tow F}ocerate [ign Company: NASC membership no ®: Name: Postion: 7620 comptance sheets fr adc towers to access scafoling ofa greater hight are ava fom ~” Bouble guardrails and toe boards at boarded ite; Single guard rais at unboerced itts; Tie tubes connected tothe inner, middle and outer end standards or ladgers with right-angie couplers, ©’ Wing braced back to the main scaffold at alternate tod) lits and the top it. Plan bracing may be provided Instead of wing bracing if preferred; End transoms connected with right-angle coupirs at th top wing-braced it itis not ted, ‘Scaffold reference: Site reference: Signature: Date: NOMWISCEINOD SNITTOLIVDS GNV SSEDOV-TVNOLLVN, 7620 eGuide *Us9 0/188 NASC document does nt ine NASC membership. Go to vowwnasc of uk sont remberstip,i NASC Stondard loading bay ‘rrenoroed seftkdng tower or the storage of palets of materia, whien may be carey fact by machen ical means. Location \Valid in the Bish isles where the site wind exposure is not extreme as datined in TG20:1S chapter 03, Criteria Design height ¥- Suitable for use with a T62¢ Seaffold to a maximum height of 16m 0 t Maximum loading Y Loaded on one lift to @ maximum of 10.0 N/m Foundation design lag load (fr the chen) 22.0. plant ti indeperdont top it Ties V Tied at the end standards at alternate its, to the duty specified by the main scaffold compliance shoe Permitted dimensions Y Maximum length: 2x2,0m bays (2x 1.8m bays if the rain scatfol is of load ciass 4); Maximum if height: 2.0m; Maximum width: 5 boards; Y Maximum transom spacing: 0.45m. Add-on features Design advice may be required if any add-on features not stated on this complancs sheet are attached to the tower. Jo be erected as @ 1620 compliant loading bay as desorbed in T320:19 chapter {2 / Fagad braced at the inner and outer faces of the tower: Ledger braced at each pair of standards: Principal transom connected with right-angle couplers 10 the outer, middle and inner ledgers at each nods point: Wing beacad at alternate (ted) Its end the top I Tne loaded tit to be supported by a palr of 205mm deep steel ladder bears, or equivalent stest or aluminium atioe or unit beams, as defined in T-20:18 chapter 04; Beams fixed to each standard atthe top and bottom chords with right-angle couplers; May be loaded by mechanical means; Sign-off Company: a NASC membership no'®: Name: Position: Y ‘Asupplementary couplers required under both of the ppottom beam chords at tne midale standard unless EN74 class 6 couplers are used: / Boome used instead ofthe ledgers at the to lit or Fixed eow them. fixed below them, the ledger and beam should be fixed with swivel couplers every 1.0m: /’ Beems let in place at each lit or moved progressively: Single querd ras required at unboarded tits: Voces via @ gale oF removable double guard rails. Oouble fond guard ral, toe boards and brick guards required % May not be clad with sheating or debris-netting. ‘Soaftold reference: Sie reference: ‘Signature: nen Date: cvrezocemplance sess oroaing bays win scafing of arate hight ar aveaie tn he TS20 6A. | ruse orbs NASC dooumant doesnot fr NASC members, Go fo wrwn.nasc og uk fo crf mamDaP.NASC CHAPTER 03 | 7G20 compliance sheets Butted interior birdcage scaffold ‘A securely butted birdcage scaold for use in interior environments not exposed to the wind Location Vali only within an enclosed building shielded from the wir ‘A bespoke design is required if erected outdoors, within an ‘9p8n structure, or in any environment exposed 10 the wind. Criteria Design height Maximum height: 10.5m to the top i Maximum loading °Y Top itt and up to one perimeter if loaded at any time to: 1 Very light duty (0.75kN/m2 2 Ugh duty 1.8kN/m? 3 General pupose —-2.0kN/m? Foundation design log load (for the client): 14.3KN, Permitted dimensions 1 21m 2.1m boards) 2 1.9m 1.9m (@ boards) 3 1.7m 1.7m (7 boards) Add-on features A gin whee! may be used to it a maximum of SOkg, DDesign advice may be required if eny add-on features not Stated on this compliance sheet ae attached to the scaffol, ‘To'be erected as a TG20 compliant interior tube-and-iting birdcage seafold as described in TG20:18 chapter 18 Securely butted at the top it at alternate bays against the pamanent building structure i all directions, © Maximum it eight: 2.0, or 2.51m atthe fst it; Top Ht boarded. Optional boarded perimeter bays (5 boards wide) and ladder bays atthe its below: ~” One bay braced at every trame for every six bays along the ength and six bays along the width Souble guard rails and toe boards at boarded sections of Sit except whore there is no risk of injury as defined by the risk assessment, Sign-oft ‘Company: soreness NASC membership no® Name: Position: 7920 complarce sets or bccages tha are hee-standng, ted ero med support are avalible tom the 7620 ecuce Single guard rails latin place at unboarded its; Ledgers connected with right-angle couplers at al its; Principal transoms connected to standards with right- ‘angle couplers. Band and plate couplers may be usod at the top it Board transoms connected with putiog couplers at 1.2m Spacing (oad class 1} or 0.9m spacing load class 2 or 3} Load ciass 2 oF 3: a supplementary coupler is required below each connection between the ledgers and intornal standards atthe top it unless EN 74 Glass B couplers are sod, ‘Scattold reference: Site reference: Signature: Date: ‘sea tis NASC document doesnot ner NASC members. Go to wwew.naSc019 uk fo ant membership, a NOWWICEINOD ONICIOAIVOS GN SS290¥ TYNOLLYN.13 NASC Putlog scaffolding ‘An unclad putiog scaffold with a maximum It height of 2.0m. Design height v v Location \Val in the Brtsh Isles where the site wind exposure is not ‘extreme as defined in TG20:13 chapter 03, Criteria To be erectedas a ted TC ¥ 9-5 boards wide: Y Maximurn it height: 2.0; LUnclad or with brick guards. No sheeting or dobrie-netting: Maximum 4,0m vertical interval between tie ines: ‘Maximum 4.0m horizontal interval between tie Ines; ‘A least one set of fazade bracing in each elevation oF ‘every six bays if longer Y Ledger bracing at alternate bays, tothe fst it only: SKN Sign-off ‘Maximum workhng load 20x? [1] 3.0kN/m? ‘Company: NASC membership no": Name: Position: . Maximum loading Ties YY 1x3.5kN (ight duty) te per 16mm? Permitted dimensions ‘Maximum bay length: 2.0m for generel purpose Add-on features Y- Agin wheat may be used to lit a maximum of SOks, Design advice maybe required if any add-on features not ‘tated on tis compfance sheet are attached to the scatfolc 1620 compliant tube-and-fiting puitog scaffold as describe longitudinal foot tle 150-200mm above the base Maximum height: 6.07 to the top it ‘Ono it loaded, plus one lit $0% loaded, per facade with: 20KN/m? 3.0kN/m? 3 General purpose 4 Heavy duty Foundation design lag load (for the chon: 10.7 KN. seatfoding or 1.8m for heavy duty scafolding: Maximurs putlog spacing: 1.2m for general purpose ‘soatidding or 0.9m for heavy duty scafoiing. 1 in TG20:13 chapter 14: An underslung inner ledger at every It; Double guard ras and toe boards at boarded its; Y single quord ras at unhoarded its; End quard rails must be connected to an inner standard May be ted to a permeable facade with openings. | Mortar joints should be alowed to sufficiently cure befors Ihe prceworle io used a8 a support or te anchorage. ‘Scaffold reference: ‘ste reference: 2 Signature = Date: . ns ofthis NASC document dos not ier NASC members. Go fo war.nasc craukto confi maeR 40CHAPTER 03 | TG20 compliance sheets NASC Lift shaft tower A scafolding tower butted onal sides at every lft sutable for use in an enclosed lit shat Design height Maximum height 34.0m to the to Maximum loading Loaded on up to 2 working lifts with up to 0.75KN/m Foundation design og load (fr the ln): 28.5KN Permitted dimensions Y Maximum length: 2.77: Maximum with: 2.7m; Maximum transom spacing: 1.2m, Location Add-on features wind. Ain wheel may be used to it a maximum of 60kg. Vall onty within an enciosad it shaft shielded! from Design advice may be required i any add-on features nat Stated on this compliance sheet are attached to the scat. Critena, Tobe erected as 6 TS20 compliant it shaft tower scaffold as described in T&20:13 chapter 16: Y Maximum lit height: 2.0mm; May be clad with sheeting or debris-netting Any sumber of itis may be boarded; Double guard rails and toe boards at boerded ltt i required by the risk assessment; Single guard rails at unboerded lit if required by the risk Mavirnum of tw lifts loaded with personnel and material; Y Seourly butted in al four drections at every i pel na z By» ecinsrstes nteasad do tothe eh 3 é B & 8 | g WE sonott é Vy. i FP company . cess Scaffold reference: . a é 2 I NASC membership no® . Site reference: cose 7 8 Name ccc eves Signature - ¢ VE rest a oat a: g | 7620 comptance shoots eit shaft owers of grater highs aro avaiable om the T620 eGuice 4 ‘Use of ns ASC document coes not infer NASC memberstio. Golo warn nase org.uk ta rm membersti,NASC = Interior free-standing tower 15 190 in an enclosed building shielded fromm the wind. ‘A tea-stancing stationary scaffolding tower suitable for us Maximum loading 1 Very ight duty access O.7SKN/m® 2 Light duty work 1.SKN/ 3 Heavy duty tower 20KNent Foundation dasign leg load (forthe client): 16.5 KN. Permitted dimensions 1 2.Imx21m 0.8m 2 2Amx 2.1m Bam 3 4.8m x 1.8m 7am Y Minimum pase dimension: 1.2m along the length and wath; ¥ Meximum height no greater than four tines the minimum base cimension. Location Add-on features VA gin whee! may be used tit a maxsrum of Ok. ‘May not be used outdoors, in any open structure, orwitnn Design ackice ay oe required i any add-on features not any environment exposed to the wind. ‘lated on this compliance sheet are attached to the scaffold. Valid only within an enclosed building shieted from the wind, Criteria ‘Tobe erected as a TG20 compliant interior stationar & Maxienum it height: 2.0m: 1y toe-stancing tower scald as descrip in TG20:18 chapter 1 Standards should preferably be unjointed tubes. Any joints: Y exmur ransom spacing: 1.2m: shoud be sleeve couplers above the frst two Hts, Double guard rails and toe boards at boarded its Y- Any number ofits may be boarded: Single guard rails at unboarded tits; VY Naximum of one it loaded wth personne end mates; rome connected wth right-angle couples: Y Braced on all sides at every lit; End wansoms co — Y Ladéer openings protected wit rapdoars or sila Y Pan braved at alternate its including the top Y May be clad with sheating or debris-netting. Sign-oft Maximum wong oad: [Jo.zstevm? [[]1.50knm# [2.008 ‘Seatfold reference: Company: NASC membership no 7 Site reteronce - 2 Name: Signatur: Poston: 7 Date: iyo of NAGE docurant does note NASC manbrsip, Goo ww nso. 19 cant mambo 42CHAPTER 03 | TG20 compliance sheets NASC Exterior free-standing tower A fge standing stationary scafccing tower suitable fr use in external envianments within a wind management systom Maximum loading U 1 Very ight duty access 0.75kN/m? 2 Light duty work 1.5kN/m# 3 Heavy duty tower 2.0kN/m? Foundetion design leg load (forthe cant): 9.9kN, Permitted dimensions 1 2.7mx 27m 80m 2 2Amx 24m 63m 3 1.8m x 1.8m sam Minimum base dimension: wiath; ‘Maximum height no greater than three times the micimum base dimension 22m along the length and Wind management Add-on features ‘The tower must be cismentied or termporary kentledge or ‘ground anchors installed i winds are forecast in excess ‘of 4Omph (18M). A subscription to the Met Ofice local ‘Ain whee! may be used to lit a maximum of 50g, Design advice may be required if any add-on features not Stated on this complance sheet are attached to the scatfcid forecasting service recommended during the ife ofthe tower, Criteria Tobe erected as 8 TG20 compan exorir statonaytre-stancng tower scafold as desorbed in TG20:18 chapter 16 Maximum itt height: 2.0m; Maximum transom spacing: 1.2m; Braced on all sides at every it, preferably connected to ‘extended transoms and ledgers with rightangie couolers ‘or with swivel couplers within 100mm of a node point; Plan braced at alternate its including the too it; Douibio guard rails and toe boards at boarded its; ‘Single guard rails at unboarded i Atleast two ifts should be boarded to prevent overturning; Maximum of one ift loaded with personnel and materials End transoms connected with right-angle couplers “© Standards should preferably be unjointed tubes or joints made win steve couplon whove be el tania Ladder openings protected with trapdoors or sila; May not be clad with sheeting or dabris-neting Sign-off Movimum working ac: [Jo7sivnt [1.0mm C] 2.00% Company: Scaffold referance: NASC membership no" sseeees Sie reference: Name: . - Sgnature Position: Date: ecument oes nt infor NASC riambesia, Goto ww nas.or.k to conti mabeshio, 5 2 z F 5 z s 5 i 3 g 5 gCHAPTER 04 | Scatfolding equipment Scatfolding equipment ‘Ths chapter describes the equipment commonly used to erect, {ube and fting scatfolding. The technical requirements for each type of equioment are defined, including references to the appropriate Bish and European standards, Tube end fiting scaffolding is principally erected with type 4” stool scaffolding tubes, fabricated to BS EN 39 or equivalent, and steal couplers manufactured to 8S EN74 or the previous Bish Standard 881139-2, ‘Scaffolding may also be erected with high-tensie steel tubes that conform to 8S EN10270-1 grade S355. The greater design strength of such tubes permits a reduced wall thickness and lighter weight Scatfoiding platforms are typically formed from solid tinber ‘scaffolding boards manutactured to BS2482, although alternatives are available such as boards manufactured rom ‘Composite plastic or laminatod veneer lumber. In addition to these standard components, is often necessary advantageous to incorporate proprietary components such 28 structural beams and prefabricated transom units, Minimum Structural performance requirements are provided in this chapter that must be met by any such equipment used in accordance with tis gue, The structural properties of scaffolding tubes, boards and other ‘components depend on ther condition, so advice on tho are and maintenance is provided inthis chapter, The stated ‘acceptable levels of wear and tear should not be exceeded for ‘ny equipment used to erect T&20 compliant scaffolding, Information in this chapter Se Tubes 41 ees Boards| 42 ena Couplers 43 nd Prefabricated beams aa Se Prefabricated transom units 45 we Ladders 46 NOUWIGEINOO ONITIOAIVOS GNY SS420¥ TVNOLLN4.1 Tubes ‘Tube and fiting scaffolding is erected by connecting scaffolding tubes with couplets. This section desoribes the types of tube that may be used to erect TG20 compliant ‘eafolding and provides guidance for their maintenance. Type 4 galvanised steel tubes Stee tubes ere normaly suppked in lengths of yp to 4m, oF 21 feet, and may be cut to shorter lengths 05 required. “The most common type of tube used in scaffoding is the type 4 steel tube, manufactured to BS EN 89:2004, These Jubes have a diameter of 8.3mm and a wall thickness cof arm, as, 2a6N/mane, ‘hown in figure 4.1, and a design strenath of Further structural properties for steol tubo ere provided in the TG20 Design Guide for scaffolding designers “Type 4 steal tubes manufactured to BS EN 39 can be identited by markings pressed into the tubes at 1.5m intervals: ENG" followed by the trademark of the ranufacturer and the number ‘4’ which represents the wall thickness, However, tubes not manufactured to BS ENGS may liso be used provided that they have equivalent structural properties. Figure 4.1 46 ‘ube diameter and wall thickness. Care must be taken to avoid the use of type 3 stee! tubes, ‘which algo have a diameter of 48.3mm and are therefore vrery similar in appearance to type 4 tubes, but have a wall theknoss of 3.2mm, Tubes of this grade should not be used to erect scaffolding in accordance with this guide. High-tensile galvanised steel tubes ‘Stoel tubes to BS EN10210-1 grade S365, known as high tensile soo! tubes, ae also used. “ypicaly these tubes have a wall thickness of .2mm. so they a lighter and oasier to handle with a weight of 8.56lkg/m, But are manufactured to a minimum specitied yield strength of 255 Nimrn® to offer structural performance comparable with type 4 stee! tubes, ‘Such tubes can be identified on delivery wth a marking cr Steched tag to inci-de as a minimum the stool designation {EN 10210-S55,0H’) and the manufacturers name or trademark. High-fenelo steal tubes mansZectured to tis specification ray be used to erect scaffolding in accordance with any "T1620 compliance sheet from this guice. ‘The following types of tube may be usec. ‘with TG20 compliant scaffolding: ¥ BSEN 39 type 4 galvanised steel tubes cor equivalent: YS 1139-1-1:1990 galvanised steel tubes; Y High-tonsile galvanised steel tubes of 4g 3mm dicmeter, 3.2mm thickness ‘and minimum 365N/mm* design * strength supplied in accordance with BSEN10210-1 SNe FAMERS Penge eee aes‘Aluminium tubes tubes are lighter than the tool equivalents and 90 Bremer ohando. Teiighter wos can bean avant en erectng ial scaling sructre tthe standards an tho ove ser erected wh stat tubes athe upp t ith aueneurn, o when recng scalding on aroot Tat hagtsopood nto 1620 cocianoe shes oo em and a bespoke design is require. viet with esigner ‘Care of steel scatfolding tubes oiding tubes depend on their itis necessary to provide recommendations thar car and to dofine the acceptable levels cf wear and These recomendations must be folowed for al tudes used inthe 20 complant seating BS EN 39 detines tubes as being ‘as new’ or ‘used, whore the load capacity of ‘used’ tubes is reduced to allow for sor Corrosion. As a resu, the maximum safe height of scaffolding rected from ‘used’ tubes wll be reduced when compared With scaffoking erected with ‘as new’ tubes, ‘The sao heights reported inthe 73.20 compliance sheets ‘assume tha! tubes willbe protected from corrosion vith a hat ‘dipped galvanised coating which, ifthe tudes are maintained in accordance with this quicance, permits them to be ‘Considered ‘es new’ in terms ofthe definition in BS ENS9. Tubes should appear to be straight when assessed visually ‘nd should be Considered bent if they deviate from a straight fine by more than 15mm in any Sm length, Bent steel tubes ‘ay be straightened using a crow or a reeling machine, under ‘Pompetent supervision, but sactions of tube that have been CHAPTER 04 Scattolding equipment The structural properties of scatfolding tubes depend on their condition. 76.20 compliont scaffolding must be tout and discar deformed or creased should be cx The ends of load-bearing tubes should be cut cleanly end sauarely and should not be excessively worn, Where a tube has become thin or spit at an end, the worn end should be cut of using a square cut at right angles tothe tube, When notin use, al scaffolding equipment should be cleaned ion. Any materials that show e corrosion or deterioration should b discarded, ‘Aditional cae is required when storing and! using aluminium tubes because aluminium suffers mare rapid corrosion than galvanised steel in certain crcumnstances, particulary when itisin protonged contact with itemss mada from copper oF 2 ‘copper aloy in moist conditions, Unico steo! tubes, aluminium tubes should not be straightened and any bent sections should be cut out anc discarded. The exposure of aluminium tubes to heat should be avoided bsacause aluminium tubes are heet-tempered during manufacture, 80 eny further heat applied 10 a tube may weaken it Reference may also be made to the NASC publication 7617: Stress corrosion cracking in high tensio steels and alloys, = 41 NOMLW#203NOD SNITTO.AIVDS ANY SSIOD¥ TVNOLIVNLsono 4.2 Boards ‘Scafiolcing platforms are constructed with timber scaffolding ‘boards, or decking units of other materials, that are collectively refered to as ‘boars’ in this quide. Guidance is provided in this section for the selection of ‘appropriate boards, hair use when erecting TG20 compiant Seafolding, and their maintenance, ‘Timber boards ae Tube and fiting scaffolding docks are typically formed from ‘timber boards manufactured to BS 2482. These boards have fa nominal thickness of 387mm, are 225mm wide, and are Figure 4.2: BS2482 timber board, S8mm thickness. aa ard pura engths pte 396m (Taree, i 1852482 boards of 38mm thickness are avalable in two ‘srangh grades: the minimum grade requires the board to be supported atleast every 1.2m (for a platform loaded with & maximum of 2.0kN/m, whereas the higher strenath grade roquiee a support at least evary 1.50 this is known as the target soar of the board. BS 2482 allows a tolerance of 409mm on the target span. “The target span of @ board depends on the method used to grade it boars spanning 1-2m may be graded visually, ‘whereas 1.5m spanning boards must be machine grades. Timber boars that comply with BS2482 should be markedt swith #852482", the manufacturer or supplies identification von the target support span as a minimum. This marking may peeither on the board, the end bands or the nai plates. Figue 4.2: a board with nail plates for end protection. Boards that are not manufactured to BS2482 are often designated as Grade ‘A’, which is 8 grading to the franufaoturers’ own standards. The quality and performance bf such boars can vary widely, 90 itis recommended that 1852482 boards are used. Further guidance is provided in the NASC publication TGS: Tinber scaffold boards, an introduction tothe revised standard BS2482:2009, ‘Timber battens 1252482 timber scaffold boards are also available with a thickness of 6@ran, which tend to be used as battens for ‘stem scaffolding. Those battens have a maximum support stance of 2.5m, spanring typical system scaffolding bays Without the need for intermediate transoms. They may also be used for tube-and-fiting scaffolding but, inthe TG20 compliance sheets provided with this ude ize baced on 28mm-thick boards and a transom spacing of ‘Tom, advice from a scaffolding designer should be sought feforehand as the maximum safe heights stated in the compliance sheets may be affect.Tomuinated veneer boards cong boards may aso be manfactrd tom Lainated Voor Lanter) ner anton ses ‘These boots are manufactured by ging thin layers of softwood veneer to form a bile that fs hot pressed and cut into prs. ‘The specications for laminated bosrds vary between lectus, bt rate pasa oon Wet and ter hn tribe toads ton oaneles stort arto board yey manutacturean 225 rm wer orach te tho nor Sots vata thtoosen eae rts esropacona ewes thors o batons | Lanivte era tours ray bo uted ost 1620 erin scafoirg he oon carcass aco The tarot span of the laminated bosrd should be at ‘east 1.2m, with @ board strength and stitness at loast ‘equivalent fo @ 38mm BS2482 timber bore, ‘The weight of the laminated board should not exceed that of timber board ofthe same length, otherwise the ‘maximum Safe height ofthe scaffold specited in a TG20 ‘compliance sheet may be reduced, _fitese conations are met, 1620 cornpiantscafoting may ‘erected with laminated boerds in accordance with the nudacturer's guidance. Otherwise they should only be used _ Under the guidance of a seaffoking dosignes Plastic boards Scatlolting plattorms may also be constructed fom Composite plastic scaffolaing boards, cant Seafoking board can be used to erect 7320 [ea revided the target span quoted by the \escrbed for laminated boards. Other decking materiais seeia may als be formed ram other mats such as ‘teal luminium or ightveight stage. Dee ‘Gecking units are typically used with system scafioiding, meer Tey be used with tube and ting scatolding it they Dost e4Uens steed prevousy OF ees Blestic boards, CHAPTER 04 | Scaffolding equipment End protection ane ends of timber boards should be protectad with end hoops or nai plates, as shown in igures 2 nd a9 fal Plates aro used as end protection they should be rust Braet and have @ minimum size of 190mm long, 27 mn wage and 0.7 min thick, with a minimum of 42 tecth presses! et (attends. At least two nal patos should be embeded into Gach end ofthe board, one pa on each face, within 2oDne ofthe board end, using a hydraulic. ‘Upper ‘Surface ofthe nai plate should be flush with the bose Eure guidance is provided in the NASC pubbicaions TG: 52 and maintenance of scaffold boards and TG. Scufiot) board nail plates Maintenance of scaffolding boards Scaffold boards shoud be inspected after use and cecantt Show sions ofil.teatment, abuso, warping or aun timber is prone to sting along ts length. Where Darts have spit and the long ofthe spl doe ner Sigeed 225mm, the split should be repared with nal {ithe spit is ionger than 251mm, or the spit rune ger08s tho face ofthe board, the board should be eut Sotee Boer shoul aso Be cut down to ramen ty potohes, to remove any cut that is deeper than Steve 32s Rot Paral to the board ecgo, and to romove ary ‘damaged or suspect sections.43 Couplers “Tube and fting scaffolding structures are erected PY rae artng tubes with couples. The pncical yes oF coroldng couper ore tusrated by fares 4.64.5, Srough aterative designs ae avaiable om cferont rranutacturers, Further types of coupler, and the types of connection that ce? a formed with them, are descrioed in chapter 08 ‘Momufacturing standards for couplers “The product specication requirements for COUPIerS 22 defined by BS EN74-":2005. “The Brits Standard fr coupirs and fitngs, BS 1130 PSone il pubished end recogrice, Butt now dete Fee coments for alurinium couples and spoke MOOS te ereet cluded in EN74, BS 1 199 fers 10 EN74 fr typical steal couplers. iis thertore recommended tat arneny-purchasad Counts ei conform tothe ENA standard, although de sree manutactred to BS1130-2 can stl BUSS. Figure 4.6: aright-angl double’ courte Coupler load-bearing classes ‘Couplers manufactured to EN74 can Beicenteo oor rat aeiprossed into, or embassed ont, ea coupler. These matngs record thera of ne Franufgoturer and the year of fabrication. “The mafings ao state ho oad-boarng cass ofthe Govt Tre ay be of 3. Class couplers moot tne nm “Broth and load-bearing requrements Of EN7# whet Seer users meet are singe equa, ofS greater strength and stifiness. rigue 4.8 0 puto coupler singe couner oF "Vanco" cio Tar of ass A or Close crwth cours managed coun ga betae tho tfoducion ofthe Etopoan standard, However, te uae of Class B couplers can avo the nee vo ppiemertary couples in some special OfSu Serres vo eed in his ide due to ther greater sp CApaChY. structural properties for couplers “Fe structural propartos of BS EN74 couplers of Cass 8507 Pe paused by seaoing desaners av provide the TG20 Design Guide. Care of couplers and sittings Couplers are ranted by pressing o crop fraing or Covi fy gvonised or ac-coten to rest Toon ir covplrs shoud be propery mated and xan Au coupes eur ra ers 2 eeu NY “Te qual cont befor a bacon the nas and bots. : specied Heat anould not be apple to courses oF nae, NANG their outs and bots ‘The yeer of manufacture “The coupler load-bearing class rot method used, if Couplers should atvays be usen accorcance wi Coe ets netuctons, incung the use fe correct Tenath spanner or podger wrene?.Prefabricated beams may be used to strengthen scaffolding Ertotures under the guidance of a scafolding designer or ordence with a TG20 complance sheet: > To form a bridge over an opening inthe scaffold, ‘supporting the lifts above as described in chapter 09; > To strengthen the platiomms of a loading bay to support the storage of materials and the impact loads from a crane or forklift, as described in chapter 12. ‘Aminimum beam specication is provided in this section ‘order to allow T&20 compliant scetfolding to be erected ‘with the wide varsty of beams available from suppliers and ‘manufacturers. Stee! ladder beams lacder beams are <0 called because they are fabricated / welding steel scaffolding tubes in the form of alacder, 3s, by figure 4.9, Steel ladder beams used to erect TG20 compliant scaffolding shouldbe mancfacture fom BS EN39 type 4 steel tubes of _4g.3rrm diameter, 4rrm wal thickness and a yield strength of N/m o greater, “Te steel ladder beam shouldbe fabricated to a depth of mm, measured from the contre ofthe top chord tothe ‘contro ofthe botiom, and the rungs shouid be spaced no “mere than 208"mm apart. ; Steel unit beams ‘Stool baams may also be manufactured as a truss or unit ‘beam, in which the top and bottom chords are inked with vetical and diagonal tubes. ‘Typcaly the top and bottom chords ere manufactured from 483mm diameter type 4 steol tubes, although the diagonal ‘bracing may be formed from tubes of a smaller diameter Prefabricated beams CHAPTER 04 | Scatfolding equipment 44 In order to use a steel unit beam from a particular ‘manufacturer with TG20 compliant scaffolding the load ‘capacity of the beam rrust be atleast that defined in table 4.2, which is typically achieved with a 610mm deep beam. Aluminium beams ‘Aluminium unit and ladder beams offer the benefit of being ‘considerably lighter and easier to handle than their stee! ‘counterparts, although the aluminium tubes that form the bbeam are less stiff, so care must be taken to use @ beam with ‘sufficient load canacty. Aluminium beams may be used to erect TG20 compliant ‘scaffolding provided their load capacity is atleast that defined —§ ——— in tables 4.1 and 4.2. The manufacturer's guidance should be ‘consulted to determine this information. 051mm 610mm Fue £9: steel fadder beam and steel unit beam, NOLWAIAEANOD ONICIOLV3S ANY SS299¥ TYNOLLWN.45 Prefabricated transom units Prefabricated or ‘system’ transom units are fabricated wth integral end connections that can be cireclly connected to standards and lecgers. “Two types of transom unit are avalable: structural transom nts, which are connected at the standards, and intermediate transom units, which act as board-bearers. Structural transor units have two integral connections at each end, one to the standard and one to the ledge, whereas intermediate board bearers only provide connections withthe ledgers. Intormedate transom units are also avaiable with a tetescopie sector that oan upper inside board, commonly known as an extender’ transom, Prefabricated structural transom units are typiealy stronger and ster than treitonal transom fixed with couples, 8 itis often possible to erect scaffolding with such transom nits without ledger bracing, elowing clear aocess along the ‘working platforms. Alteratvely transom units may be used to ‘erect sceffotding with ledger bracing that can be taler then en equivalent scaffoll comprising tubes and fitings alone Guidance on the safe use of prefabricated transom unis, including the circumstances in which itis safe to omit the ledger bracing, is provided in section 69 ofthis guide. Structural properties of transom units Unike other cornmon scatolaing components, such es ‘tubes, boards and couplers, @ British or European Standard ‘or prefabricated ransom units has not been published. AS a recut, the manufacturers of transom units cannot work to f@ minimum quafty standard and tha strenath and stifhess Characteristics of transom units vary between manufacturers. In order to provide maximum safe heights for TG20 compliant: scaffolding with structural transom units, the NASG has Cefined and publchad a minimum specication for their Structure! performanes. This specication is intancoc for manufsoturers andl suppliers to certiy their transom units "TG20 compliant’, in which case they may be used to scatfolding n conjunction ith a suitable TG20 compliance sheet and folowing manufacturer guidance. The structural performance specification is summarised in the ‘TG20:13 Design Guide, with futher details for menufacturers tnd suppliers available trom the NASC. Minimum structural properties are not dened for intermediate transom units, as tether intermediate transom units or traditional tansoms fixed vith putlog couplers may be used as board-bearers for TG20 complant scaffolding. Prefabricated structural transom units I must be TG20 compliant, as specitied by ‘their manufacturer or suppliLa dders 46 Fine tochrical requirements fr ladders are dened by thee Matai! loaders Freel provte: BS EN 131, BS 1129 fo timber adders and eerie Metal ladders aro typical manufactured om stool ox 82037 for eta ac Mota : ital ladders are divided into three classe telco re merely anode Metal ladciors are not normally appropriate for use when there ee one is potential for contact with an electrical hazard or chemical _scatfoicing applica corrosion. However, care should also ba taken when using (paar cas) SS timber ladersin such ctoumstances as darnaness, varnish, ise =a Git and metal in the ladder can conduct electri, SSS Ss Sl Stable for industrial and construction ass lacders work, These ladders support a safe ns lercl working load of 135g, sufficient to ledcers may be requasted by client support one person anc! thelr equipment. sitions, These ladders are outside of the scope of this guide and should be used in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions. in special — Ladders ofthis class, which are also known as ‘Class 2' ladders, support a safe working load of 110g. Inspection of ladders FRagulation 12 of the Work at Height Regulations Ladders ofthis cass are suitable for 2005 requires work equipment to be inspected at ‘occasional ight domestic use oniy, with regular intervals tis recommenced that a visual a sate working load of 95kg, and are not ‘check is performed on ladders before use. Fecorrmended for use with scaffolding, Bs at the ladder inspection should be included in the Inspection report forthe scaffold, as described in “able 4.3: ledcer classifications. Extonsion ladders are not normally recommended for ‘catfolding tasks, but may be used by the clent to access the frst It or in special circumstances such as tight spaces, | Chapter 08 ofthis guide describes good practices for the safe Use of ladders, together with prefered methods of access and fogress such as staircases. Safety guidance is provided in the NASC publication SG25: Accass and egress from scaffolds Timber ladders Timber scatfolding ladders are typicaly supplied in lengths that ‘depend on their method of fabrication, Timber standing ladders are manufactured with rectangular stiles and rungs that are rectangular or cyindrical, typically ‘Supplied in lengths up to 7m. in contrast, the sties of timber ‘Pol ladders are made by cutting a single pole lengthwaye, ‘ypicaly achieving greater strenath that allows such ladders to be supplied in fongins up to 10m. Timber ladders should be closely inspected before use, as fy demage may not be obvious. They must not be painted Such that defects in the wood are hidden, althou 'dentiication markings are permitted. A clear cx ay be used for protection. cor loaned ladders should be pro goof inspection, ether by label or mentation, To avoid damage, timber adders should be handled ately to avoid overloading or cropping from height. The ‘anviacture’s storage instructions shauld be followed so the Stles do not warp and the rungs do nat become loose. Timber ladders should be used withthe wire tie rods beneeth {herungs anc the wire stie enforcement on the underside of ne stile, NOLWEEAEINOD SNIGTOLEYOS GNY SSI9D¥ TYNOUWNCHAPTER 5 | Foundations Foundations ‘scalfolding must be erectod on foundations that are frm.level, Information in this charpter Clear of debris and adequate to support he scaffold structure throughout is fe. Scaffolding foundations In al but the most exceptional of crcumstances the responsibility {or the adequacy of the foundations les withthe client / principal contractor (the client’). The cient should ensure that Soatfoking foundation o the preparation ofthe ground is completed as part oftheir management responsibilties as defined by Regulation 22 of the ‘Construction (Design and Managernent) Fegulaions 2007. The responsibilty for foundations should be recorded in the contract documents, “This chapter gives guidance for T&20 compliant scaffolds with Standard foundations. For all other situations the advice of a ‘sultably qualified engineer should be sought and, If necessary, the ‘engineer should prepare a bespoke design. ‘The scafodng contractor should inform the client of the loads likely to be transmitted by tho standards, With this information the Cant can assess the size and detals of the foundations taking into account the load bearing capacity of the soi, pavement or permanent structure on which the scaffold wil stand. The foundation design loads for TG.20 compliant scaffolds ‘are summarised inthis chepter and specified by the G20 compliance sheets generated from the TG20 eGuide. In the C398 of the more advanced scaffolding structures provided in the G20 eGuide, an indication is given where additional engineering achice Is required. (Once the scetold has been erected, the foundations must be ‘adequately maintained and must not be undermined. Further ‘guidance on the resooneiblitis of the client and the scaffolding Certractr fr inspection and mantenance is proved in chapters 7 anc 18, NOUMIaTINOD ONIGTOLIVOS ANY sS290¥ TWNOLYNScaffolding foundations Saffolds are normaly founded on steel base plates supported by a bearing surface, which is usually the ground or {an existing structure. Timber sole boards are normally placed Under the base plates to spread the loads from the soafioK) and protect the bearing surface from damage or penetration. Base plates “The soaffold standards should each be founded on a base plate 150% 150mm on plan, # 10mm, Typical steel base Bates to EN 74-3 should be at least Sem thick, but other materials such as aluminium may require a greater tick ‘of at last 7mm, depending on the material strength, Base plates may be omitted If the scatfol is founded on a hard surface, such as steel or structural concrete, that is even. level, and of adequate thickness to prevent the penetration Of the scaffold tubes. However, ts recommended that base plates are used routinely. Base plates rust always be used on other surfaces, including pavernents, agohalt, timber end flor finishes. Sole boards ‘Sole boards (also known as sole plates) are timber boards ‘which spread the loads from the scaffold and protect the bearing surface ‘Sole boards must be provided ifthe scaffolds directly ‘supported by eal or subgrade. They must also be provided for scetfolds on non-structural pavernents such as brick anc block paving, small concrete slabs, tarmac or asphalt, except in the croumstances described subsequent in this section. Base plates should be placed centrally on sole boards to avoid uneven settlement \Whete sole boars are to be used the provided area under teach standard should bo at least 0.1 m*, with no dimension fess than 220mm, and a thickness of atleast 36mm. Typicaly 220mm ‘360mm minimum thickness minimum 450mm riinurn Figure 6.1: rrinimum sole board cimensions. this wil be achived with a 225 38mm soatfold board to (852482 cut to « length of 450mm, as ilustrated by figure 6.1. {As an aternative to two individual sole boards, a single sole jpoard may be provided under a pair of adjacent standerds, provided thatthe area of sole board supporting each standard isno less than ‘two individual sole boards were used, Sole boards of these cimansions are usually adequate for 7@20 complant independant scaffolding, free-standing towers, interior birécages and ladder-access towers as defined in chapter 08 of this guide. These scaffolds have a foundation design load no greater than 19.7N, as described in section 5.2. The foundation toads for scaffolds of greater heights than in chapter 03 are specified by the TG20 eGuic ‘Sole boars of greater thickness are usually required forthe standards supporting loading bay ora bridge, 88 describ” subsequent inthis section 5.2. Sole boards must never De returned lv seivice as scaffold boards 1 Doubled sole boards Doubled 450x225 sole boards of SBmm thickness aro required to support a TG20 compliant loading bay as defined in chapter 03 ofthis guide. Doubled sole boards are llustrated by igure 5.2 ‘ternative, 450%225.x50"nm sole boards may be used if timber of this thickness is available. Long bye his speciation haves maxim ouncton J telgn ced rs patrtnan 22.048, 0 daub in econ 2h ouncaton eae rong bye of rater oars thon mn opr 8 ee speceby Ro 7620 was Doubled sole boards may also be required beneath the @ Standards aupprsn a bide, Soper on th rub itatatteuppors es eset nsecion 62 { Figure 5.2: doubled ote boardsscatiolding on pavemen propiitany high vty plate patos ae often tho base plates of scafloldng on pavements, as descrbod in Chapr 10. These Petes contibute towards the protecton baverentsurace in ackition to improving the isiy ease Paes, and should be routinely used whenever ang & foundod on a publ hgnway. A tyoal example ed by four 83. dunce {A plastic plate isnot a substitute fora sole board, sot may siil be necessary to provide sole boards when scatfolding is ‘supported by a non-structural pavernent, depending on the height of the scafol, upported by 2 typical pavement (of a minimum 0) aTG20 is tal, ora free- whe thickness of 50mm on compacted hare ‘complant independent scaffold up to three standing tower or interior birdcage up to four Its ta be supported by base piatos and plastio plates without sole boards. Al other TG20 complant scaifolds usually require soe boards. Sloping ground {An engineer should be consulted to check the adequacy of ‘oping fourdetions with a gradiant that exceeds 1 vertical to $0 horizontal to ensure thatthe soatfold is stable, Where the scaffold is sited adjacent to an excavation, edge cof a slope or embankment, the sole boards must be set back ffom the edge as shawn by figure 5.4 5.4: foundations adjacent to an embankment CHAPTER 5 Foundations Figure 5.3: 2 typical high-vsbity plat, Itis recommended that a foot if fs provided to stabilise: folding on sloping ground, as described in section 6. 10 Suitable measures should be provided to stablise the ‘Scaffold on a sloping pavement, which may nciude the use (f proprietary base plates or timber supports securely fixoe to the pavement or a permanent structure, Guidance may bo ‘sought from an engineor in case of doubt Structural concrete ground-bearing slabs \Where the scatfold isto be supported on a continuous ‘concrete ground bearing siao of sulfcient thickness and ‘ualty it may be safe to omit baseplates and gole boards Under the standards. However, i the surface should be ted from cosmetic damage a base plato end plastic ‘Spreader plate or equivalent should be used. ‘The load-bearing capacity of a slab is reduced by the load proximity 10a slab edge or joint, so ii recommended that ‘minimum edge distance of 250mm is maintained from the scatfold foundations fora 100mm thick slab or 500mm for a 180!mm reinforced slab. In case of doubt an engineer should bbe consutted, All TG20 compliant scafflcing may be adequately supported by steel base plates on a reinforced ground bearing concrete ‘lab of 160mm thickness which has at least A142 steel fabric reinforcoment in the bottom fa Scatfolds on existing structures In cases where itis necessary for a scafold to take support ‘fom an existing superstructure, for example a root, balcony, ‘suspend floor or patform, the party responsible forthe bearing surface, usually the client, should seek adhice ftom a structural engineer to ascertain whether the existing structure {is capable of safely supporting the seafolaing ori further temporary works are required, ‘This is determined from the foundation design loads for the Scaffold, which aro summarised in section 5.2 and proviled in the TG20 eGuide for TG20 compient scaffolding. Similarly if the scaffold requires a bespoke design, the design documents should specify the working loads to be used in checking the ‘supporting structure. In all cases the foundation design load Information should be supped to the client's engineer. COniy if the scaffold is quite small and the permanent structure is hoawly renforod concrete or similar, and clearly adequate, should engineering advice be omitted NOUW#IGLINOD SNITIOLVIS ANY SS299¥ TVNOLYN52 Scaffolding foundation loads itis industry practice forthe client oF main contractor to eke responsibly forthe acdequacy ofthe bearng surfage, which ‘may require preparatory works. The party responsi fr the boating surface must ensure that il provides sulicient safe ‘bearing capacity to support the scaffold loads. “The scaffolding contractex wil normally only assume responsibilty for tho scatfoking Ise, assuring that the heoessary safe bearing capacity will be provided. “The foundation design loads for T@20 compliant scald are reported by the TG20 compliance sheets and summarised in this section. These loads should be suppliad to the client ‘or main contractor so they may ensure thatthe ground! or ‘Supporting structure is capable of supporting tam. ris section also summaries tho minimum recommended sole boerd cimensions for T@20 compant scatokds, which depend on the foundation design load and the sate bearing ‘capacity of the surface. Itmay be necessary for the cant to specity greater sole ‘board dimensions, under the guidance of a suitably qualified ‘enginear, depending on the safe load capacity ofthe bearing furtace, in exceptional cases the bearing capacity of the ‘ground may be improved by the main contractor to achieve the required load capacity. Note for scaffolding designers “The foundation design foads reported here and in the 7G20 eGuide are the maxenum working axial loads {lg loads) for TG20 complant scattolding. itis important to note that some of these loads may excaed the safe workng canacty of some of the Standards in the scaffold (@.9. the 13.6kN capacity of inner standards of an access scafol tied at alternate 2.0m its), This because the maximum leg load ‘occurs at a standard with a more favourable bracing ‘rangement and therefore lesser effective lenath, Further information is provided in the TG20:18 Design Guide. Foundattion loads for TG20 scatfolding ‘Summary foundation design loads are proved inthis section to alow for an assessment of the adequacy of the ground. in ‘a cases the loads relat to the scaffolds defined by the G20 ‘compliance shoots in chapter 03 Foundation design loads are also reported for all TS20 mplant scaffolds by the TG20 eGuide, including the loads for taller indopencent scaffolds, with an indication given where ‘additional engineering advice is required, Note thatthe values presented here are generally conservative in comparison with those from the eGuide, whion provides & ore accurate assessment from the scaffold cimensions and loading, However, these values may be used as a guide, 1 shweteet independent scalfok fer Heauy oly oad eb Nurbor of its: 2 3 4 58 6 8 Fexseteniona yo: SOY GY SSH A eS) roo EE EE Lond Number ofits: tion load (KN 34 0) a ei A Minimum 450 x 225 «36mm sole boards are rote. Minimum doubled 450 x 225 x 28mm sole bourds aro required for the standards supporting a loading bay for ~ foundation loads between 19.8 and 22,0KN. Bridges in heavy-duty independent scaffatsing up to 8 its tal “The manirnum foundation loads for a two-bay bridge are: ee ‘aun oa 6: (ST The maximum foundation loads fora three-bay bridge ae: nebo een fect st “These loads may be significantly reduced based on the seafild dimensions and loading by consuting the eGuide. rium deubed 450% 225 x mm sole boarts Mi et rcaca apporing ve eaaae or WD) foundeton loads betwen 12.8 and 22.04N. i Fur toureston load excendng 2.0KN, th stands — ‘supporting the bridge should be doubled ant ‘supported by sole boards as described subsequently. Interior birdcage: Number of its: Foundation led N 4s eal) Goa) ter aa) a Free-standing towers: wa ie 3 ramones; ES SSN SN Ua ons ae eel aioe foc conte La ete eases ons Sater aDouble standares cubase no a ober Wo sn e aximum say height of a scaltokd a osctben sc ners no void bon tae pa Ercan spay 0 cupp how Gonbtn ye irre shy sla bod is shred by tho stands, 2 minum pe board ronson of 750% 225 75mm eto. Porro, Io base pats may bo supporto by nha 450 «225 «drm sole board th standart spaced fein to alow each base pao to be suppor cel, proving a combined pan arca of 480» 480mm beri oF to ines tho Figure 5.5: a shared sow board with double stanceras. Kentledge and anchorages ‘Most fagads access scaffolds can accommodate uplift in the Standards due to wind effects bocause they are tied. However, external foe-standing towers and similar structures frequonitly eed to be secured against upit and overturning in which ‘case the foundations are required to resist upward as well a8 downward forces, Resistance to upft is usually provided by kentladge or ground anchors, Kentleige isthe torm used for weights adcied tothe scatfold Sucture to resist uplit. Conarete weights may be attactied to the relevant standards using tonsioned wire ropes ard suitable fitings. Wen the wind is not causing uplift the weights are ‘supported on the ground independently ofthe standards, Altematively concrete blocks or similar may be placed on 2 suitably designed foot It able to deliver the weight to the ‘Standards. In this arrangement the foundations ofthe standards ‘have to cary the kentledge in addition to the ioads from the scaffold, Kentladge usualy requires engingering input and reference may be made to the TG20:13 Design Guido for detail, (Ground anchors can provide an effeient alternative to kentledge in suitable sos. Further detas are provided in the NASC. Publication 716: Anchoring to the ground. CHAPTER 5 | Foundations Inspection and maintenance Unto the foundations of most permanent structures, which are normaly embedded in the ‘ground, scatfold foundations are usually placed (on tho surface of the ground or on an existing Pormanent structure. They are therefore not protected from disturbance and are vulnerable to ‘igplecement by construction plant, undermining by excavations for services, and erosion and sottening by rainwater and flooaing Itis therefore particularly important that scaffold foundations are regularly inspected during use ‘and immeciately after sovere weather events. I Nnocessary, remedial work should be carried cut to maintain safety before returning the scatiold to se. Guidance for the inspection of scaffolding is provided in chapter 18 of this guide. (Care must be taken to avoid placing scaffold foundations over inspection covers. Even if the Cover is capable of carrying the load it may need to be opened up during the ite of the scaffold In order to avoid these and other obstructions it may be necessary to adjust the postions of the scaffold standards by reducing bay lengths local, This can be done without invalidating the 7.20 ‘compliance sheets. Sole boards can cause a trip hazard 80 it may be Necessary to contro public acces to the scaffold folowing the guidance in chapter 10, NOLWELCTINOD ONITIOAIVDS ANY SSIDO¥ TWNOLLVN.Tied independent scafolding typically provides access to a ‘building facade and is perhaps the most commonly-used type (of access scaffolding. An independent scaffold consists of two rows of vertical tubular members called standards erected paral! to the buiiing, These standards are joined with horizontal longitudinal members called ledgers, connected with rgnt-angle Couplers to form the horizontal evels of the scaffold, or its. ‘The ledgers are in turn connected by transveree horizontal members called transoms fixed above the ledgers with putlog ‘coupers. These transom support the working platforms, which are usually formed from scaffold boards, Scaffolding ifts are enclosed with edge protection to prevent ‘operatives and materials faling trom the platforms. The edge protection comprises guard ras, usualy formed from scaffold tubes, and toe boards, which ere usualy scaffold boards set on ‘edge between the decking and standards at boarded its. ‘The edge protection may be supplemented by other means depending on the nature ofthe works. Brk guards may be attached to the guard ras to contain bricks and other large ‘objects within the scaffold, and sheeting or debris-netting may bbe attached to the lodgers and guard rls to enclose the flit height to protect the ervironment from the effects of the works, Further guidance on protecting the pubic from such effects is Provided in chapter 10 Independent scaffolding is stabitsed by two methods: bracing ‘and fying. Bracing is formed from dagonel tubes that triangulat the scaffold bays: fagade bracing is provided at the outer face of the scatiold and ledger bracing is provided between the inner and utr faces of each it (except in spect cases described later in his chapter). Horizontal plan bracing may also be required in specific orcumstances detailed inthis chapter, Except for certain circumstances It is essential to stabilise independent scaffolding by tying It to the building, typicaly by constructing assembies of tubes and fitings around structural features or by ciling anchors into the bulling fabrio, This is @ Significant topic adressed in chapter 07, ‘The guidance for independent scaffoking is summarised by the TG20 compliance sheets in chapter 03 and the 7G20 eGuide Independent scaffolding CHAPTER 06 | Independent scaffolding Information in this chapter ‘Scaffolding terminology Scaffold usage and load 62163 Paatform wich and lit heights 64] 65 ‘Standards and ledgers 5el67 TTansoms and prefabricated transom units 68169 Foot its 6.10 Bracing 611/614 Decking, toe boards and guard rats 615/617 inside boards and brackets 6.18 /6.18 6.20 621 Ties and rake Glaceing and trick guards NOLWYHCEINOD ONITIOLIVDS ANY $8329¥ TYNOLIYNLedgers Horizontal tubes fixed parallel to the fagade to support the transom, connected fo the standards with ight-angle couplers, Standards Vertical tubes supporting the scaffold structure founded on base plates. 61 Lifts Assembles of ledgers and transom forming the horizontal lvels of scaffolding. Lrtheight > Fagade bracing Diagonal tubse paral to the hiding facade, either fod to the standards with swivel couplers or connected to extended trangors with rignt-angle couplers. Ledger bracing Diagona tubes connecting the inner an outer ledgers wth ight-angle couplers or the inner and outer standards wth swivel coun. # scald, Figure 6.1: the principal features of ant scaffolding Honzontal tubes protecting the platform edges, Upright boards fixed atthe edges of platforms to prevent fixed to the standards with right-angls couplers. ‘materials or operatives’ feet ftom sloping irom the platform. Decking “Tho boards that comprise a scatfold platform, typically timber scaffold boards. Horizontal tubes fixed above the ledgers with putlog ‘couplers, supporting the boars. Sole bocads Ties Boards placed under the base plates to Connections between tho scaffold and the building to stabilse and Support the scatfold on softer ground such _ strengthen the soatfoid. Several types of te can be formed from assembles {8 Sol or asphat cf tubes, couplers and, in some cases, anchorages into the buidng, NOLWYIEIINOD SNIATO.LIVDS GNV S5399¥ TVNOLLWN,Scaffold usage and load class folding isto (One ofthe frst tasks when planning for deternine what it willbe used fo: “The usage ofthe scaffold determines the loading itis required to suppor, the maximum spacirg between the standards, the ‘maximum spacing between the doerd-bearing transom, and the require platform with BS EN12811 es trom O.7SKN/m? 10 doings sik oa Load class 1: very light duty scaffolding “jpicaly sed for inspection, access and light clearing, sich es window daring, with a maximum uniform fad of O.75kN/melapproximataly 75k par m3. Storage of materials ‘sot permitted, Scatoids ofthis cass ee typicaly 3~ 6 ‘boards wie plus up to 1 inside Boer, wth maximum 24m bays'\and 1.2m board transom spain. Load class 3: general-purpose scatfol Used for general bung work including brickwork, window and ration fg, rendering and plastering, with a maximum tinformiy-cistrbuted load of 2OkN/mP 200K per ms Scaffold of his class ae typical 4 or § boards wide pls tp 10 2 inside boards, with mpamum 2.0m bays” and board transom apace at 7.2m. Figwe 62: the scaffoking load lasses and ther typical usages ‘ther factors, so 2 TG20 compliance sheet must be consul ip 10 30kN/m “These load classes should be used in conjunction with the ‘complance shaats in chapter 03 and the TG20 eGuide to termine the soaffeld cemensions appropriate for the usage Of the scaffold. Some typical dimensions are noted below, Wi further detais in sections 6.4, 6.6 and 6.16. Load class 2: ligh “pial used fr plastering panting, stone lering, lazing 2nd paling, wih a maximum uniforiy-dstibuted load of {TskN/m (approximately 150kg per me). Scafolds ofthis ass are typicaly 4 or 5 boards wide plus upto 1 inside board, with maximum 2.4m bays" and board transoms spaced at 1 2m. Locid class 4: heavy-duty scotffotding “ypically used for haavy masonry work, concrete blocks he heaky cladding, wth 2 maximum uniormy-cistibuted ind of ON fapproxmately 200k: Scafioids ofthis clase are typically 4 or § boards wide ois Up to2 inside boards, with maximum 1.8m bays and board transoms spaced at 0.9m, “The maximum bay length ¢ aff height anvCHAPTER 06 | independent scaffolding Platform loading .20 compliant independent scaffolding may beloadedon Inside boards loading "the scatild It with personnel and materials at any time, per or ot scaling, regeriess ofthe numberof ts that When the scaffold platform is constructed with inside boards or inside-board bracket platforms, described in section 6.18, boarded. ‘the inside boards or platforms should only ba loaded to a ‘re ater it may also be 50% loaded per elevation of maximum of 0.7SkN/m, This allows for Personnel to work on “scaling. Ths alows material to be moved between the platforms, wth toos and ight materals, butt does not its wih the progress of ho work, so tis nat necessary to alow materials to be stored onthe boards ‘Completely clear a working It of materials before moving to . Herein. Atematvaly,ghter duty tasks maybe undertaken As wth the main platform, ont two Its of inside boards nts it should be in service at any time per elevation of scaffolding, “Note that there isa dference between a working it (a Witis necessary to fuly load the inside patforms with the "boarded It that is loaded or 50% loaded with personnel and _S4Me load as the main platform, ackica should be sought ‘feld)end a boarded it, where the boards have beon lett fOm scaffolding designer folowing the guidance in the place during the construction of he scaffold but thelitie_ T@20 Design Guide, [rot present loaded se loading requrements ere stated in the TG20 ‘compliance sheets provided with this guide for cary, 1 One platform at 0.75kN/m? and one '50%-loaded piattorm at 0.375 kNim2 2 One platform at 1.5kN/me and one '50%-loaced platform at 0.7SkN/me 3 One platform at 2.0kN/m® and one '50%-loaded platiorm at 1.0kN/m®. 4 One platform at 3.0%dN/m® and one 50%-oaded platform at 1.5kN/m?. Mable: platform loading by load cass, Nonstandard platform loading Witis necessary to simultaneously load more working its ‘per elevation of scaffolding, a scaffoding designer should | Be consulted. Scaffolding loaded on several its may have a "lower maximum safe height than an equivalent scaffold loaded (00 one li, oF it may be necessary to reduce the maximum ‘pacing betwoen the standards, or use other mesns, to ‘achieve the required height. Figure 6.3: inside platform loading TG20 compliant scaffolding may be loaded at one lift with personnel and materials, with one other lift 50 %-loaded, per elevation of scaffolding, at any time. Inside boards may only be loaded to 0.75kN/mz, sufficient for access by personnel but not for the storage of materials. geaewstoae a 8 288 8 8 8 82 2m s_. NOUNWECLINOD ONITIOLIVOS ANY SSEOOV TVNOUYNPlatform widths ‘The intended use ofthe scaffold determines the minimum platferm width required, as summarised by table 6.2 Platforms intended for access by personne, Out not the storage of materials, require a minimum clear width of 500mm ‘8s shown by figure 6.5, This can be provided by a platform thats a least 3 boards (676mm) wide. This patforn wicth may iso be used ifthe platform isto be used forthe passage (of matorals ‘Whee internal adders are positioned within the main piatorm ‘a minimum width of 430m, or two scatfold boards, Is Fequired to pass the opening. This means that a bay of ‘scafolding containing an internal ladder should be at least four boards wide f access is required past the ladder: two forthe opering and two for clear aocess around it. Further guidance {or irternal ladaers is prowded in chapter 08, It the platform is required to support personnel and stored ‘materials a rinimum clear width of 800mm is required, as ‘shown by figure 6.4, Tris can be achieved with a scaffod 4 or 5 boards wide, provided that a rrinimurn width of 430mm, or ‘two scatfold boards, is left as a clear passageway. However, it ppaseage for barrows is raquied then a clear wich of 600mm, Or S scaffold boards, is required. Note that it is possible for aiferent elevations of a scatfold to hive diferent widths, i for example the piatforms of one elevation are to be used to store materials but the platforms of ‘another elevation ae to be used for access only, ‘The platforms ot 120 compliant independent scaffolding are 3-5 boards wide, with up to two inside boards placed between the inner standards and the bulding tf insige boards are postioned at the same level as main platform, one oF nwo inside boards may be used along the width ofthe inner platform. such an inner platform is positioned so it's above or below the main platform using brackets, as described in section 6.18, t should be at least two doards wide to provide suficent access. Special {guidance for wider inner platforms is provided in sactin 6.19. if oreator platen wicths are requive for specialises purposes, for example aressing oF roughiy-shaping stone, & ‘special sign is requted. Working platform for 500mm, ‘men without materials ‘boards Working platform for 800mm 4 or S boards and ust ‘men and materials te 2 inside boards Clear passage for mm Diboards ‘men past internal passage laiders or materials Clear passage fora 600mm boards clear ‘barrow past internal passage ladders or materals Inside boards at the 225mm 1 or 2 inside boards ‘main platform level Inside boards ofset_ 450mm — 2 inside boards from the platform level ble 6.2; widths of catfold wthaut storing materials.©The scald it heights ae the vertical distances between the pes cf eration, ots Toth nas se one © otthe most important dimensions in scaffolding, itis important | that they are measured on site and checked in accordance vith the requirements of a TG20 compliance sheet or a Gesign fom an engineer ‘caffoKing with it heights of up to 2.0m, but further designs ‘Be avaisbe inthe TE20 eGuide for It heights of up to 3.0m, Selecting the lift heights he it heights should be planned by considering the intended tse of the scatiot it eight of 2.0mm Is typical the scatfold fs required for 18 this is sutficlent for most personne! to toss than 2.0m, cis typical when providing scaffoling for bricklaying and er trades whare the scaffold is raised with the progress of werk. Such scaffolds typically require lift height between 35m and 1.5m, as this isthe greatest height at which the ‘can be undertaken comfortably without introducing ther joweves itis common for such progressive scafolds to be quently used for other trades after the brickwork has \completed, for exemple to fit glazing, in which case ‘To avcid major modifications, access for brickwork and blockwork construction can be achieved with 2.0m Wwakcthrough its Ifa mobil inner platform is provided, such {8 desorbed in section 6.18. Ths is achieved by supporting tha inner platform with brackets, allowing it to be raised or lowered by up to 0.5m from the main platform and providing a ‘comfortable working height of 1.5m with 2.0m tts ‘Athough 2.0m ifts are the most commonly used, TG-20 scaffolding may also be erected with it heights of up to 80m. These it heights are typically used when the lt levels 3 Fequited to coincide with the floor levels of the bulking ‘stusture at atypical vertical spacing of 2.5m ~ 2.8m, This 'Sptincipaly usetul because it alows the scaffold to be tled {othe building at the oor levels, 2s described in chapter OT. When erecting T&20 scaffolding itis important to use @ compliance sheet for scaftolcing with 3.0m lis f th lit height 'Sto exceed 2.0m, avaiable from the TG20 eGuide hen ereing scalding over a pubic pavement iti ohn es tart to prove sf aa Se @B.3 BeBe @ ss = wees Lift heights and headroom headroom for pedestrians whilst the remaining lit heights| ‘are 2.0m. In these cases a TG20 complance shest for scaffolding with 2.0m ifts should be used in coriunetion with the guidance for pavement its in chapter 10. This guidance describes how the pavement lit can be stabilised to allow the remaining its to be erected in the usual manner Platform headroom BS EN 12811 requires any scatfolcing its that are to be used as working platforms to provide a minimum clear headroom of 1.9m. This distance is messurod between the top of the boarded deck and the bottom of the transom above, es shown by figure 6.6. This headroom is achieved wath it heights of 2.0m, However, 8S EN 12811 headroom class H1 allows some structural features to encroach on this headroom. A minimum clearance of 1.75m is permitad for plan bracing (section 6.14), ts tudes that extend to the outer face of the scaffold (Section 7.8) and undersiung structural tansoms (section 6.) ‘This dimansion is satlatied with elit height of 2.0m. \Whers it s considered necessary to maintain a headroom of 1.9m under all such structural features ofthe scatfold, to ccomaly with BS EN1281 1 headroom class H2, lft heights In exoaes of 2.0m are required and the guidance from an appropriate TG20 compliance sheet shauld be folowed, 4.9m minimum Figure 6.6: minimum headroom urements, o NOLVEIAEINOD ONITOLWOS ANY SSIDO¥ THNOLLN6.6 Standards and ledgers Standards Independent scaffolds have two rows of standards arranged paral to the buliing, The inner row of standards shoule be as close tothe building as Is practical, but allowing room {orinside boards if required, and the distance between the rows of standards should be the minimum required to ‘accommodate the required platorm boards and toe boards. Each standard should be supported by a suitable foundation, unless folowing the guidance for constructing openings in the scetfold provided in chapter 09, ‘The standards must be vetical to within a tolerance of 420mm in each 2.0m of height, to a maximum overall {deviation of 50mm, Ledgers “The standards are joined with parallel pairs of horizontal ledgers which, together wih the transome, form the soatfold its. The ledgers are attached to the inside ofthe standards sing right-angle couplers, Ledgers should be level to within a tolerance of 20mm in ovary 2.0m of ength to @ maximum total deviation of SOmm. ‘An exception may be macie when providing a foot it that {olons the slope of the ground, as described in section 6.10. Ut height 4 63 a Figure 6.7: he scafolding dimensions related to standards and ledger. Inset @ con Principal dimensions “The principal dimensions that must be observed when {ofting out the stanrlards anc ledger are stated by the TG20, ‘compliance sheets. “The vertical distance betwoen the rows of ledgers is known as the it height, for which a maximum tolerance of + 100mm is permitted fo account for inaccuracies in construction. The 7G20 compliance sheets specify the maximum permitted. lit height, 30 t should be noted that smaler it heights are permitted where required. Guidance on lift heights and permited headroom heights is provided in section 65. “The distance netween the parallel rows of standards Is Knowng fs the width, This distance is usualy measured in terms of th umber of Doards that may be plaoad across the with for xampie "fe boards wide’, as dasorbed in section 6.1. “The area of a It between two adjacent pairs of standards is known as a bay and the distanco between these standards is the bay length. The greatest distance between standards ‘long the length of the scaffold is the maximum bay length, ‘This an Important dimension that relates to the working load ‘and maximum safe height of the scefold ‘A construction tolerance of 10% is permitted when measuring the bay widths and longths of independent Scaffolding, although tighter tolerances may be required for other scafolding structures. This tolerance i intended to accornmodate Obstructions tothe uniform spacing of standards and must not be used to systematically erect bays longer than required by the scatfold design, = Nevever smalerbaysmaybe used “me to accommodate obstructions as required, ction between a standard and ledgerCHAPTER 06 | In | Joints in standards and ledgers 6) [ajontis required whorover a standar foo tong o be formed from a single tube, as shu bo mad wth leave couplers, as ksated by areola expancng jor pi, shown tig 8.108) Fore lcodin condarde but re not pretored ard sroua Fa nad wnero onion coud occur unless spied ith Meera rho tube comected wih two suv coupes hy ture 12.6. scafldng designer mey be ou as istate Consutedin case Joints in standards 1,80 that adjacent dointsin standards should be stagger BBtemating patter of joints is often used to achieve ths, as B shown by fqure 6.8. Any par of inner and outer standards Bp) should also not be joined within the same it. all four standards comprising @ bay Ifthe scaffold extends above the oulding, joints should be Bavoided in the projection area to avodd it ff. In these {eases, ond wnen erecting any free-standing scaffolding, the Id be joined in a manner that prevents this, for Texampi by spicing tho ints Points in ledgers Woinis in ledgers at the same lit and in adjacent ifts should i the same bay. However, the absence 8 of TG20 compliant independent or putiog Seatfolcing may be made anywhere within a bay if sleeve ‘Couriers ate used, However, where an inner cantilevered {ptform is provided as described in section 6.19, any joints a the lit ncorporating the cantilevered platform should be within 300mm ofa standard uness they are spiced, Joints in guard rails Bridges over openings supported with beams, as ‘described in chapter 09, use plan bracing to join and stablise the bears; > Pavement ite, which provide clsar access for pedestrians by omitting the ledger bracing below the {fst lit, may be stablised wit plan bracing or by other ‘means as described in chapter 10. ‘Other then those cases, plan bracing may be needed when {erecting scatfolding that has been spocialy designed by an Fear, the design requires it. In these cases the design inal spect where the plan bracing should be fed, which, ima for exarnpe be along an entre lit, above an opening, or 36 perodicaly throughout the scaffold between ledger braced frames or between tes to the buiding. 32: plan bracing at the underside ofa if. Figure 8.33; faxing to the standards with right-angle couplers. CHAPTER 06 Independent scaffolding Plan bracing construction, Plan bracing is preferably provided by fixing tubes between the Inner and outer standards using right-angle couplers es shown by figure 6.33. Alternatively, plan bracing may be fixed to the ledgers with swivel couplers, shown in igure 6.34. Similarly, when fxing plan bracing between a pair of beams, the bracing may be fxed to the rungs of the beams using right-angle couplers or to the chords of the bearns with swivel couplers. This is desorbed futher in chapter 09, ‘The direction ofthe plan bracing does not affect the stably ofthe scaffold. The plan bracing tubes may be aligned in the same direction, arranged in a zigzag pattern, or a combination of these methods may be used. Figure 6.34: fing to the lelgers with swivel couplers, 6.14 NOUMRTAEINOD ONIGTOIVOS ANY SSID TYNOLWN6.15 + 1€ boards around an opening finish flush Decking Meneses ‘Scaffolding platforms are formed with boards that are placed ‘along the length ofthe ft and supported by the transoms. ‘Scaffolding platforms are most commonly constructed with Sold timber scaffoking boards, although other vaieties of ‘boerds are available incuding plastic, leminated veneer lumber (WVU, ste! and aluminium, 7G20 compliant scatfolding should typically be erected vith 882482 timber boards of 225mm norninal with and 38mm nominal thickness. Other decking materials may be used if they mest the requirements described in section 4.2, folowing the instructions from the manufacturer or supple. IF the requirements of section 4.2 are not met, a scafolding designer should be consulted Platform construction. “The decking is constructed by laying sats of boards onto the transoms. Al boards that comprise a pletform shoud be of the same nominal thickness and any group of boards along the width ofthe scaffold snouid be ofthe same length, as shown by figure 6.35, saffola Figure 6.35: groups ois Minimum Sdmm Maximum 180mm. Overlapping boards should be avoided where reasonably Practicl. hough they are permities at corners. Where they ‘olsewhere on a scaffold, filets may be fitted to avoid a ‘ripping hazard, “The boards are supported by the transoms. A transorn 's required at the ends of each board, with intermediate ‘ransoms spaced to suppor the platform loading, “The boarcl-end transorns should be placed so that the board ‘overhang Isat least SQrrm (approximately one tube diameter) ‘and does not exceed four times the thickness ofthe board, ‘as show by figure 6.36 for a 88 mm thick board. These ‘dimensions are measured from the transom centre lines. “The maximum permitted overhang for boards of aiferent thicknesses are defined by table 6. This table provides some ‘sample dimensions for LVL. and plastic boards, although these ‘may vary by manufacturer. typical 852482 38mm tmber board has a maximum overhang of 150mm, measured from the centre line of the transorn, Figure 6.36; minimum anc maximum board overrangs. 185.2482 timber board 38mm 4.2m 9m 185.2482 timber board: mactine graded 8mm 1.5m oom “ypical VL boar gemm* —1.2m=1.5m*——-0.8m* Typical plastic board asmm* —1.2m=4.58m* 08m" Table 6.3: parmissible hoard overhangs and spacing betwen transoms, tems marked * are manufacturer specific, Typleal values are provcled for llustration and manutacturer advice should be soughtonsom spacing coms ae 250 required at intermediate postions Fon the boars, The maximum spacing of those tate ransoms depends on the working oad of the garth Terget 9p? quoted bythe Supp cr sarctre, as desorbed in section 4.2 Te ee a reget “The spacing between the transoms also depends on the Jood cass ofthe scaffold, as defned in section 6.2, with feavy-duty'cad class 4 scafoldng requiing more frequent trencors. The target epan for load class 4 theavy duty) D ccatfoiding s 0.9m when using BS2482 timber boards. “The rumber of transoms required to suppor typical lengths of [852482 32mm thick timber board with a target span of 1.2m ‘re dotned in table 64, P Note that the 85.2482 target span tolerance of 100mm Ignocessary to permit a 3.9m board to be suoported by fourrencoms the end beard overhangs ae less than the Pineximum permitted *50mm. Hfmachine-graded 852482 38mm thick tenber boards are Used, wth a target span of 1.5m, four transoms are sti fequiredto support a 3.9m board, although it is possible to ‘The clstanoes between the transoms should not exceed the target spacing from table 6.3 CHAPTER 06 | Independent scaffolding support boards up to 1.8m (6") lang with two transoms and boards up to 3.3m (11') ong with throe transome if required, Board ienatt Tiansoms per board soon Upto 1.51/65) long 6 1.6-2.7m(9'}long 3 2.8-8.9m(13')long 4 ‘Table 6.4: transoms per board with a target span of 1.2m. ifthe maximum transom spacing is reduoed to 0.8m due to heavy-duty loading, the number of transoms required to ‘support each length of board are as defined by table 6.5: Boardlength Tiansoms per board Upto 1.2m (4 loog 2 — 1.3-2.1m (7) long 3 2.2-3.9m 10") long 4 8.1 -3.9m(13"}long Table 6.5: transoms per board with a target span of 0.9m “The transoms required to support other types of board are determined from the target span quoted by the manufacture. End-board transom Se eb BE SB ep es pm ns ps 37; the maximum spacing between trensoms, Note that tie tubes are not shown for cay NOMWELINO ONIGTOALOS ANY SSIOOY-TYNOLLN,615 Tying down scatfold boards ‘Standard 225mm x 88mm timber boards are typically supplied in ngths of up to 8.9m, weighing up to 24kg, which enables ther to be handled by normal physicaly-able and expatianced operatives, ‘Any board tat is less than 2.13m (7 feet long should be fred ‘down to prevent movement. There are several products and ‘methods avilable to achieve ths, which are described by the NSC publcation TG 12: Tying down of scaffold boards, but some typical examples of Board clamps and clips are shown by figures 638 and 6.39 Boards supoorted by only two transoms should be fixed ‘down at born ends to prevent tipping, which can be achieved with a veraly of methods including the use of a board clamp or limpet clamp. Such short boards typicaly occur adjacent to ladder operings so they must remein secure even under impact and vibration. 4 lep-board clamp, oF simiiar method, may bo usad to te down short lapped boards at scaffold returns, as shown by figure 6.40. ‘Adkitional ying down of all boards may be required on sites subject to extreme wind exposure as described in section 3.3 Gaps in decking The Work at Height Regulations require platforms to be constructed without gaps unless rmoasures have been taken to protect ceople from faling through them, and to prevent the risk of injury from materials or other objects fling through, Platforms with inside boerds will normaly require a.gap ‘of 50mm to accommodate the standards between the ‘main platform and the inner platform, This gap is normaly ‘acceptable, but it may be covered if deemed appropriate by the risk assessment (Other than the gap between the platform and the inside ‘boards, gaps wider than 25mm should not normaly bo present in platform, although larger gaps may be deemed ‘acceptable by a risk assessment. Gaps may be reduced or covered with a variety of methods Notches may be cut into scatfold boards, to ft around an obstacle, athough this should be avoided where possible as it will docrease the overall strength of the board and prevent its reuse in otfer orcumstances. Ifa notch has to be cut it should not extend over more than a thi ofthe board width and the length should not exceed 160mm, Addtional supports should 'be provided within 150mm of each side of the noteh. Further ‘guidance on the care of notched scatfold boards is provided In section 4.2. ‘Gaps that ere less than a board width, and are deemed to be ‘a hazard, can be covered by fimiy fing plywood of suitable Figure 6.41: a proprietary gap filer Figure 6.39: a typical imoet clam. Figure 6.40: a typical lap-board clamp. thickness fo the adjacent boards. Altematively, a piece of sawn timber may be used to fl the gap, provided that itis ‘adequately supported at each end. Proprictary gap filers, typicaly manufactured from plastic or rubber, may also be usad as ilustrated by figure 6.41, Plywood decking ‘iidging sections of plywood dacking may be used when itis rot practical to use straight scaffold boards, for exampe when Joning ackacent sets of boeing ata soley Structure plywood used fr scafoldng shouldbe supplied witha specication nat slates ts thickness; tho quay, Species and origin o the wood its maximum span and ‘Slamped certfication tothe relevant Bish Standard Such plywood must be manufactured with at last five ples of eross-laminated wood veneers to a minimum thickness of mm. Stronger, ticker plywood may be required Cepending on te astarce spanned. Plywood decking must be supported by transoms atthe spacing stated bythe manufacture: ‘As with all other forms of decking, the plywood must have a sip resistant surfaceCHAPTER 06 | Independent scaffolding 6.16 Toe boards D josococ san pigs toed eprortanycomnent 1 Sant metro opeaves fs fom SCONE ipa peor Tid shou be fe tol boarded ltrs where ec of eto or 2p alin Frrestalo boards ar equa ang the tnt fae ofthe Leg oo bones potcing any end eres Enc Fee ego eared to protec the onus of boards Metin olpariy boar patos Frootan stations may be nossa 10 provide 090 rc oe a ofthe scaf type whee te eri os at alto prude fal precon, hea do rey be equred apondng onthe carice GeP Heer anal eed te apa, and an esseaent of Pate dan ibod msecton 620 Toe board construction Sibe boards should have a minimum height of 160mm, Dathough ypicaly they are 225mm scaffolding boards. The {gap betwen the top ofthe oe board and the lower quar ral Epoud not exceed 470mm, The too boards ae fixed inside he standards end may be secured with putlog couplers or Wafoty of proprietary clips, shown in igures 6.43 ~ 6.46, Figure 6.43: a pulog coupler securing a toe boar Figure 6.44: a toe board cip. Figure 6.45: an aternative style of too board clip 47010 maximum 460mm minimum NOUMUIELINOD DNIGTOAIVOS ANY SSIDOV TYNOLWN Figs 6.42; toe board aimensions.Seno 617 Guard rails Temporary edge-protection systems for scaffolding structures are general provided by horizontal tubes known as guard ‘ais. All scaffcicing its, other than foot its, require guard ris {0 prevent fats. Guard rails at boarded lifts ‘All boarded ifts and boarded sections oft must be protected vith double guard rails, as shown by figure 6.47. This arrangement requires a principal guard rl fixed to the Cuter and end faces of the scaffold at a neight of at least ‘950mm, measured from the top of the decking to the top of the guard ral. An intermediate guard rallis connected below {he principal rai 50 thatthe gap between the guard ral, {and the gap between the intermediate quard ral and the toe bboard, does not exceed 470mm, ‘The top ofthe principal quard ral must therefore be between ‘950mm and approximately 1260mm above the decking it 225mm scaticiding boards are used as toe boards ‘The guard rails are positioned insce the standards and must be connected to each standard with a rignt-angle coupler, ‘secured at @ minimum of two points to prevent downward or ‘outward movement. Cantlevered end guard rails, connected to.ony one standlerd, ae unsafe. tis permissible to attach fn end guard rail with @ putlog couple atthe outer standard, provided the end! guard alli fixed above the longitudinal ail {and the connection with the inner standard is mace with a right-angie coupler Note that an intermediate guard ral must stil be fited if brick ‘Quards are used, as described in section 6.25. Additional guard rails ‘The maximum 260mm height ofthe principal guardrail may be insutiient whan working aboua the main werking platform, ‘or example on an Inner platform in the step-up positon, as escribed in section 6.18, or on any form of step or trestle, ‘Additional guard alls are required to protect any euch elevated places of work so that the top ofthe guard rll at least ‘850mm above the platform with no unprotected vertical gap that exceeds 470mm. Ths typically requies a third guard rail as flustrated in igure 6.48, ‘A thie quard rai is typically equited for, but isnot lived to, scaffolding with it heights In excess of 2.2m, where itis Figure 6.49: guard ral around a part-boarded it, ew Figure 6.48: guard rals for foorleve its, ‘necessary to wor ram some form of stepped-up platform, ‘This addtional quar rail must form part ofa safe system of \work or the construction and use of oor eve ts, folowing the nisk-assassment guidelines provided in chapter 17, Guard rails at unboarded lifts ‘Although unboarced its are not intended for access by the end-users ofthe scaffolding, they must be protected with single quard rails during erection, moaiication and dismantio§ ‘operations. This forms part ofa safe method of work ‘described in the NASC publication SG-4: Preventing fals fo scaffolding. These quard rails must be lft in place throughout the life ofthe scafal. Single quard rals ae required at a height of atleast 950mm, at the same positon as the principal guard rai of a double ‘Quard ral system, xed to the inside of every standard with aright-angle coupe. A single guard ra is required at all Lnboarded its with height greater than @50mm,‘ pe vet of tne main plato canbe extended by supporting gjeboards between the inner line of standards and the Prag, Several methods of supporting inside boars are ‘avalacle: Extended transoms: the transoms from the main platform can be made long enough to cantilever beyond {he inner ledger to provide an extended platform at the working level: > Telescopic transom units can be used, which allow the width ofthe inside board platform to be changed, or the platiorm to be removed, wit the progress of the work > inside-boerd brackets: The inside platform can be supported by inside-board brackets, informally known 3 'Nop-up’ or ‘step-down’ brackets, which allow the inner platform to be raised abowe or lowered below th main platform leet Selection of inside board supports would be platiorm, Tho selected mathos of inside-boa [determined rom the required use of th Inside boards supported by fixed transoms are used where Theinrer platform is at the seme level asthe main platform Band is t0 remain in place throughout the Ifetime of the it, Abe transoms from the main platiom are made long enough fo alow one or two rows of boards to be placed to form an lextended platform. as shown by figure 6.50. tn some circumstances the wit of the inner platform needs Ho chango with the progress of the work, for exemple where @an Inver platform is required during the construction of fiber frame which is subsequently removed when building tho outer brickwork. In these cases itis useful to consider the Use of telescopic transom units, which alow the inner platform Width to bo easly changed or removed altogether. Fi 6.50; inside boards atthe platform level Inside boards and brackets CHAPTER 06 | Independent scaffolding 6.18 Inner platforms may also be supported by inside-board brackets, as #lustrated by figures 6.62 and 6.54. A principal ‘acivantage ofthis method is that the platforms can be stepped upward or downward with the progress of the work, as ilustrated by figures 6.55 and 6.56. “The platform may be fixed initialy in the step-down position, then raised tothe level ofthe main it, and fray raised to the -up postion. This working method allows a scaffold with 2.0m its to be Usd for riclaying and blockwork, instead of a traditional bricklayer's scaffold with 1.95 ~ 1.5m ift heights, allowing the scaffold to be used for other purposes without first adapting to provide walkthrough its. It used in conjunction with telescopic transom units, the inside boards atthe main platform level can be easly reinstated as, brackets are maved upwerds or downwards through the seafold withthe progress of the works, Inside boards on extended tremsoms Inner platforms supported by fixed or tlascopic transoms should be one or two boards wide. Wider platforms are possible, but they should be specialy designed. As with the main platform, the inside platform should be level with lapped beards only permited at returns. Itis usual practice to use Doard lengtns that are cone'stont wit those of the main platiorm, allowing the same boar-bearing transoms to suppor the main platform boards and the inside boards. ‘The spacing requirements for transoms are descrioed in section 6.15. End guard rails and end toe boards should be sufficiently long (0 protect the inside boards at end frames, as shown by figure 6.50. If the accidental displacement ofthe inside boards is deerned to be a problem by the risk assessment, measures should be taken to hold them in place, for example as in figure 6.51 Figure 6.51: pullog coupler securing en inside board NOLWAEASINOD ONICIOLIVIS ANY SSIDOV TYNOLLYNInside-board brackets Inner platforms supported by prefabricated beackets can be In cases where the platiorm is to be raised above or lowered below the main platform during the works 6.18 Uke inner platforms supported by transoms, which may be ‘one or two boards wide, a plato supported by brackets should ba two boards wide fits to be offset from the main Platform, to provide suffciont wen, ‘Some brackots provide an extending section that alows a third board to be accommadated across the width of the Platform. Such brackets may be used within TG2C compliant independent scaffotding provided thatthe inner petform is extended at a maximum of one lit per elevation of scaffolding, “The remaining inside platforms should be up to two boards ius uss design advice is obtained. ‘A maximum of one inner platform may be raised above or lowered below the rain platform, per elevation of scaokding to. amaximum offset of 0.5m, I tis necessary to cifset more Piatorms at ine same time, orto offset by a greater amount, a scatfolding designer should be consulted. COftan the inside boards willbe supported with telescopic transoms when the inner platform is atthe main platform lve, a the design of sore brackets Is such that they may only be fixed in the step-up or step-down positon, Figure 6.53: an inner platform at the main platform love Figure 6.52: an inside-board bracket supported by lodgers. ‘Tho inside platform should be lovel, with lapped boards only permitted at returns, and adjacent boards should be butted and supported. This requires a bracket to be fixed at each board end, plus at intermediate points to support the boards at their target spans. ‘The construction method fora piatiorm supported ay inside board brackets depends on the type of bracket being used, ‘Some brackets connect to the scaffold ledgers, for example {as shown by figure 6.52, so they may be installed et the required postions and spacing. Other types of bracket are attached to the standards, so in these cases it is necessary to provide additional standards ‘or puncheons at the inner face of the scaffold to support the additional board-bearing brackets. FRstraining ladger ‘Aternatively, brackets incorporating a connection for a restraining ledger may be used, as shown in igure 6.54. The restraining ledger prevents the rotation ofthe bracksts and allows transoms to be provided between bracket postions to Support the boards at ther target spans. Proprietar/ Doar transom may also be used for this purpose if prefered, Figure 6.54: brackets supported by standards or puncheons.CHAPTER 06 ‘or inner platforms Bdge © Be pr plato is onto bo used at the owl ofthe ain inthe inner © ihe main i tis neCeSsa protect the end fares. Pipi requred at least Po unprotected vertical gaps may exces she erangerents in figures 6.55 and 6.56 are typical anc jpotoct operatives while working at both platform lvele DE white traversing between them. A puncheon is typically rowed to euppor the end toe boerd and guard ral provide adcitonal guard red in section 6.17, a guard 50mm above the inner piatforn and 470mm, Longitudinal toe boards may also be required where there Fk of faling materials the nner plat tapped downward, toe boards mat ibe placed to prevant materials ftom faling onto the main D pltiorn| .oWn by figure 6.55. Where the piatform fsstopped upwird, a toe board may be placed at the gap between the main platform and the inner platform by figure 6.58. This prevents materials faling from the main pation tothe platform below TATG20 compliant inner platform may be reised o femaximum of 0.5m without seeking design ‘G20 compliant inner platforms _ 7620 compliance sheots for independent scaffolding _ with inside boards are provided in chapter 03, wath "further compliance sheats including those for inside- ‘board bracket platforms provided in the TG20 eGuide. tis important to select a TG20 compliance sheet that | is appropriate forthe required type of inner platform, ‘asthe maximum safe height ofthe scaffold may be intuencad by it. Inside board platforms supported by cantilevered ‘board-bearing ransoms may be one or two boards wide. Inner platforns supported by brackets should be ‘wo boards wide, with 2 maximum of one platform, per elevation of scaffolding extended to support ‘three board inner piatorm. © Amaximam of one inner platform may be raised ‘or lowered per elevation of scaffolcing, to a ‘maximum of 0.5m above or below the working platform. Inner platforms should orty be bghtly loaded: t00.75kN/me, which Is sufficient to support personnel and tools but not the storage of osm ‘materieis, Only two inner platforms may be loaded at any time, per elevation of scaffolding, folowing the guidance in section 6.3, Design advice should be sought f inner platforms of other dimensions or loading are required. Independent scatfolding Fie foe boards are required if there's a risk tfaling mater 6.18 TOAIVOS ANY SSEIOV TYNOLLVN NOLWAIETINOD ONIsocrox 6.19 Single-lift cantilevered platforms Cantleverod inner platforms may be supported by raking tubes and couplers as an alternative to inside-board brackets, Such piatforms are usualy required to give access to local recesses in the building fagace, 1G20 compliant cantilevered platforms: 4.7G20 compliant cantilevered platform isa singl-fft cantilever at the inner face of the main scaffold, as shown by ‘igure 6.57. The Inner platform should be at the same level as alt ofthe main scatfold and may be upto fve boards wide, (ne 20 compliant cantilevered platform may be fitted to each elevation of a TG20 cornplant independent scafold vwithout the need for a special design if the guidance trom a G20 complance sheat is folowed. TG20 compliance sheets {or scaffolding with a cantlovered platform are provided in the G20 wGuide. Figure 8.57: a singie-ft cantilevered platform 8 ‘The remaining its may have up to two inside boards as usu {A special design is requited for wider platforms, platforms at the auter or end faces of the main scaffold and platforms that ‘are not part of a TG20 compliant independent scald. Cantilevered platform construction ‘The cantlovered platform is supported by an extonded structural ransom and raking tube at each stancard position, ‘These raking tubes are connected to the inner ledger of the main scaffold atthe it below with right-angle couplers. ‘Ao underslung ledger supports the inner edge of the cantilevered platform, connected tothe raking tubes and extended transoms with ight-angle couplers. ‘The underslung ledger supports the board bearing transom which are connected between Mand the Inger ledger of the ‘main platform with putlog couplers, Untike an inner platform supported with brackets, the Ccantlevered platform should be postioned at the same levol as ait ofthe main scaffold unless a specia design is btained, ‘The inner platform should be decked 2s described in section 6.15, The decking should comprise groups of boards of the same thickness and length, supported by transcms at the ‘enids of each group of boards and at intermediate postions so thatthe target span and overhang of the boards are not cexcooded. ‘The cantilevered platform should be protected with double ‘guard rails and toe boards at end frames. Inner edge protection may also be required, as described in section 6.20. Inner edge protection may aiso be raquired at the other its i the service gp presents a risk of injury Cantilevered platform loading Unless specialy designed, cantiovered innor plaforms may loaded with no more than 0.7SKN/m?, which is sufficient for supperting personne! but not the storage of materials, Cantilevered platforms and ties Ir the scaffold is ted atthe level of the cantilevered platform, the te tubes should be connected to the inner edgar of the cantilevered platform with right-angle couplers, in addition to the connections with the main scaffold described in section 7.8, to restrain the tle tube. \When this not possible, or when there is a signifcant gap btween the main scaffold and the bulding at tied Its other than atthe level ofthe inner platform, unrestrained tie tudes of significant length may result. As described in section 7.9, such tie tubes are subject to bending if exposed to high winds, which can reduce the maximum safe height ofthe scaffold Ifthe distance betwoen the main scaffold and the bulging is such that the length of a te tube exceeds the wiath of one inside board, it may be necessary to provide aditional sway resistance to the scaffold at that it, folowing the guidance in section 7.8,CHAPTER 06 | Independent scaffolding qnternal edge protection re protections equed at the outer face and the esol ine ‘scaffold, but it is sometimes necessary to also fee rtcion a the ne fe Tyne Work at Height Regulations require physical edge tr o'be provided where pereonna or mata coud feted cco by. Tre recuernent for intemal edge protection depends onthe Tre re sorvco oe he gap between th nor exe of the Bees pavorm and tho bang, aslustated botow, Fowarer because th nstalaton of compete tral ede Mrtcotn can moede 0” even prevent cota ype of work, Pec atom of work, lowing afk assessment, may De e service gap is less than the wiath of a scaffold board 25m). and there are no door or window openings igh wich an operative could fl, internal quard rails snot normally required. lithe senice gap exceeds 225mm and a person could ‘all or suffer inury, double guard rails should be instaled Unless alternative arrangements are made to control the ak of fling personnel or materials as described in chapter 17. nner toe boards may be required for materia retention Subject to the risk assessment, although materials should Not usually be stacked at the inner face, used in place of some or alinternal protection. f the cient requests that internal edge protection is not installed this must be recorded on the scaffolding handover certificate. Guidance is provided for risk assessments in chapter 17 and handover certficates in chapter 18, Satety guidance for the use of internal edge protection is provided in the NASC publications $628 for timber-frame ‘building constuction and S&29 for scaffold platforms. Ht an operative isto work trom an inner plattorm where the service gap exceeds 225mm and presents the risk of injury, double guard rails should be provided at the inner platlorm edge connected with puncheons. Alternatively, a safe system of work must be employed that includes a full tbody harness and restraint lanyard to prevent the operative faling from the inside open edge, unless anathor suitable protection method is determined from the risk assessment NOLWEIAEINOD ONIQTOAIVOS GNY SSEDO¥ TYNOLLYN.re 6.21 Double standards ‘The maximum safe height to wich a scaffold can be erected Is imited by the load-bearing capacity of the standards, Where the loads in very tal full-boarded independent scafolds ‘exceed tho Capacty of single standards, double standards ‘may be provided to achieve the required scafioid height, ether Under the guidance of a compliance sheet from the TG.20 Guide or an engineer's design. Requirement for double standards “The TG20 eGuide provides several options for increasing the maximum safe height of a scafeld,elther by providing fines Cf tes at every it fwhich increaces the load capacity of the standards compared with ies at alternate lits, as described in section 7.8) or by reducing the maximum bay length of the scaffold (which recuces the loacs on each standard). \Where these measures aa insuficent to achieve the required height, or are not practicable, the standards may be doubled, Fixing double standards Standards are doubled by fing @ secondary standard immediately adjacent to each principal scaffold standard, as ilustrated by figure 6.58. The secondary standards should be supported by their own base plates, adjacent to the base plates ofthe main standards, wih sole boards provided where Necessary as described in chaptar 6. ‘The secondary standards should be Fixed to each ledger with right-angle couplers with the pragrese of the scaffold. is ot normally necessary to fix the secondary standards tothe guard ral, Depending on the scaffolding dimensions and loading, i ‘may not be necessary to extend the secondary stendards 10 the full height ofthe scaffold. The TG20 eGuide reports the heights of the secondary standards required for each case, Prefabricated transom units ‘Whore a scaffold is to be constructed with prefabyicated structural ransom units, as described in section 6.9, the designs from the TG20 eGuide escume that each pair of secondary standerds will also be inked! with structural tvansom units rather than attached tothe ledger with fight-angle couplers. This is mainly to achieve satistactory alignment Double standards and foot lifts ‘The adiitional scaffoding height that can be achiaved with ‘double standards depends on the exposure ofthe ste to the wind. Where the site is exposed to moderate or high ‘winds, significant adational sate height can be achieved ithe double standards are restrained with afoot i, as described in potion 6.10. Where a foot Ii is provided, each principal and secondary standard should be connected to the same ledger with right-angle couplers except where prefabricated transom Units re used as noted above, TG20 compliance sheets for scaffolds with double standards state whether a foot it is required, depending on the scatfold dimensions, loacing and wind exnosure. Double standards at bridges ouble standards may be required to support a scaffold bbnidge, as described in chapter 03, under the guidance of a G20 complance sheet. ‘The supporting standards should be doubled where the load transferred from the bridge nead to be distbuted, ether io spread the loads ta the foundations (as described in chapter 05) oF where the loads would exceed the capacity of singe standards ‘Where double standards are provided the secondary standards should be positoned nearest to the bear span and should extend to the uppermost supporting beam and. ‘connected to both the top and bottam chords ofthe be. vith right-angle couplers in order to ofoctvely suppor the loads from the beams. Ths s lustrated by figure 6.59. Secondary standard ‘connected to the legos Figure 6.58: fing double standards,CHAPTER 06 | Independent scattoldin Ties to the building z ade access Scattoking is nonnly conus zaniclino with assombolss know as is, B20 nomplan! Mdepencent scatoldey mast bo fo eile! guidance for tying scaffolding is Bergh accncorce ws ese Ss ely Provided in chapter 07 and in the NAge dobarwse Publication T@4; Anchorage systems, Jerri because lagu scitots oe stan hus. Th fs arse ho ty ff lyin ho fl. csig As engin oe! shy, Wiese sic it, tho scat sabe Icahn he bung, Buckle and cclapee te. Tha most common method is {he use of raking tubes as an alternative ied : mt, The to ties is described in section 6.23, = riled Holos in tho buiing fabric. Tho ne anchor with a ring bolt, weed Bate or another propriotery component, as shown by fig 560. ere sve ly Janchors into ematvay, the Scalfold may be toc around! a permanent Bbucturi eave ofthe bulking, such as a courn oy Xow opening, with an assembly of taboo and tins, fo pleas shown by figure 6.641 practice guidance fori separately in pter 07. The chapter des lures for solecting pproptito Wing method, instaing and testing each typo tl, 1d interpreting the tying requicements Fromplance shoots, ing to open structures ‘and the frequency ofthe ties required to support Piebendent scafolaing are sigrticanty afiacted by the Presence of openings in the building structure, PAbuing without signtfeant openings, or with windows or per oPenings that are closed during periods of high wind, hii the scaffold from the effect of the wind in the dection Perpendicular to the facade. Such a building presonts an Floure 6.60: ying wit ciled anchors and a welded plate, ‘npermeable facade. Tn Sle is tie to facade with signican openings at Pert the tree fw of wind through the structure the Set oF an open structure such as an uncle inibor S221 oF concrete rame, the scaold is not shistded om the fag i i® ¥be of structure is termed permaable. A scat oa Petesbie structure wil often reque moro tee os Tate strena in comparison witha seat ateaes be the buiding thls sted ctherwive, the sefe heights and te ctles Specie by the 7420 compliance shoots for indeportient nitllcing assume that the scatiot! wil be ted to on rbermeabie facade. Speco TG20 complance sheets aro tho pad for independent scafotcing ted to open structucein {2.7820 eGuico, which are sulabo for use samen scaffolding ember or concrete frames and buidings wit space penings. ibuting lis effectively throughout the scatoing, taled on the TG20 patting clad vith shesting or debris neting must abvaye SP specilyclesigned ied to a parmeble rushes NOWWAISCEINOS BNITTOLEVDS ANY ssID0¥ TYNOLYN, ‘8 window opening6.23 Rakers Faking bes fot akers) can prow adorn slaty ot en nciepencert goaldng up 10 6.0m tl end et lad ee lie Yrs conc WAT TNE Fk ey be a Gt tothe inner ex outer face of tho igures 6 62 and 6.63 respociively. T suicance n tis sociion seaiiokd a shown by tt oleate Bed 10 tw kere wh ft On, te iney may alerativey be fect 10 Me shana 2 couplers win 300m oF eget wo vertical fo one hxzenl, whichis ayproxritely BO” I the horizon ate grater than 6.0m height rang Des Fc fis ot toast second! wt the raed oo yt seal cos nol exceed 2.7HN. wai Te Ca oa capacity of ake inthe bozo rec The butting trangom i required! thin 300mm of each raker, se at et bo wa et sud, long he gIGETS cornocd WA ta ‘eivalent band-aid fama raquo ly of aca seen! °Y® pnt crunk vi oi ming ower pat Yr TG20 compan sang Bt oe exratvy ao he boar bearing rancor ett kos debe’ rere dapendonbaiteg oan POAT Ma tr byte akars maybe postonod 10 bul I wn tagda Thay sould not be used or oe stancind tre ich case toy ay be connocted wih PUD ‘oaks without a bespoke design. ‘couplers Te rakers must bo suitably ccompiance trained at thelr base 10 Prove non, Typical tis wil requ Raker assemblies : Cutwar and settlement mover anor ker ar prow tay encudbmpostioned ate OVE TA ein it te around to resist outward a longitudinal tubo comected 10 hed within gOOmm of a movemant together ee feof not more than th akor witha fight-angle cot resist Cowra the ake palo co boards may bo place eter ste Of the raker to auppor the longitudinal ube. Connecting rakers to the inner face ‘When attached tothe Inet face, es shown by faure Wer uk be fed at tho inner ledger or stata oe ras and the out ladger or tend tho rst todger braced standards and attact have point, The tubes should be a Raker ited in this manner are sufcent to act a the leer bracing atthe fest and second Its, as shown. Edema aka at alert tanards, esraned atthe baa “anda the rst and scone i ‘ah bltng trams. Longitudinal or plan brocing (eauited ~ 500 text ting transom prevent rare movement Faker a aerate standards, festained atthe base. Longitudinal restraring ube \ Frqure 662: rakers aupporing a scat with 2.0m ts Figure 6.63: rakers connected a the outer face 2CHAPTER 06 | Independent scatfolding stoned, eae! ho sandra wih puting ase wth buting anor wancome, Rou 6.61: temporariy supporting a pavernen i Figure 6.65: supporting a pavement ital the outer ce. the guidance in chaptor 07 Rakers should be provided at ledger: Arrangements ofrakers for such ecatfolds are tustrated by bbraced patts of standards and suitably figures 664 and 6.6. Testrained at their base, with butting When stabifsing the fst it the rakers should be connected transoms to prevent inward movement, to the inner ledger with right-angle coupes at altemato standards, as shown by figure 6.64, The rakers should be restrained at the base and butting transoms provided at the first Itt to prevent inward mavement, rat the aking tubes may be connected to the Aernatalyrakers can be postioned atthe cutar ledger, as Bier aco othe cecond i, a ahownby figure 8.63, Pskere shown by fate 6.65 [povided inthis manor are suet to act 2 edger bracing Serer Buttresses atthe fst two its Ertemalrakers should be restrained at their base and a the Scatfolding may also be stabilised by buttassos, which are iis Iit wth tubes connected back to the scaffold wth rght- _SPetialy-designod support structures typically used where I is © ®ole counlers. longitudinal tube should aso be provided at NOt Possible to te into the bung structure, gi 0 fo esrain the rakers, again connected wih Feh- bespoke design s normaly required for butressed Pr teh an extra fagade brace or plan brace Scafscng. However, ladder aocees towers, Weairo bays Paced fr every six bays. Where plan bracing is provided Gr equivalent hly-breved lowers cat oct Katreooee anu be fed below the swucturaltansoms and extend Sr tho pct case of ependon cate ov frie outer longtucna restraining tubo to the nerf of Som in aghs car be accented eh ey ‘the scafol, subsequeonty, ‘Aternatvely,rakers can be provided at pais of standard 0% iding Positions and braced to form buttresses as described in Stabilising with access or loci towers ‘Section 16.2 and ilustrated by gure 16.6. Ladder-access towers and loading bays can act to stabiise {an independent scafold up to 6.0m in height as localised Stabilising the first litt ‘alternatives to rakers. Those towers should be attached {ety be necessary to use rakes, or other mes of to the independent scafold and assembled and braced in temporary stabilisation, during the erection and demanting of accordance withthe guidance in chapter 08 for lacloracooso ascatold towers and chapter 12 fr fading bays, 1 these requirements are met atuly-braced buttress tower is sullen to stabitse a single bay of independent scaffolding at stther side, Any bays that are not stabilsed by a tower shoul be supported with rakers as usual They ere typcaly required to stabilise the frst it when a firm Rat ofthe buiing has not yet been constructed to atlach the tks. orto stabiise a pavement it that cannot be tied due 10 ‘the presence of a fascia or ether obstruction, ‘This form of stabilisation may be sultable for taer scald ‘Temporary rakors may be subsequently removed when the ‘and wider spacings subject to a bespoke design. ‘Scaffold is tod to the permanent building in accordance with NOUWICRINOD SNITTOAIVDS GNV SS2DD¥-TWNOLLWNSheeting and debris netting ‘Seallokding may be elad to protect the surrounding area ror the olfoct of works, particular from particles of buling dust ‘and other smal atices of dobsis. Scaffold cladding can also protoct workers and open constructions from the elect (of the wether, llawving work to continue through adverse ‘conditions and providing a mote secure working erwironsment ‘A wide range of cladding products Is avaiable from several ‘manufacturers, broadly dobris-notting Seatfold shootin tarpaudn, i typicay manufac (of membrane, usualy reinforced by laminating shoots over & ‘woven grid. Vevious grades of sheeting are avaiable, skitable for diferent weraher conditions, proc ‘environments, including flame-esistant 3 to BS5B67-2 or BS EN 13501 DDebris-netting is typically manufactured from a lightweight fae such as woven high-density polyethylene (HDPE) ‘which provides a porous covering forthe seatfold that, if fed correctly, protects the surroundings from light debris is lypically suitable for short-term projects and fight workin tnd weather, agi doos not provide significant envionment protection oF weather proofing. As with sheeting, some Cdebris-neting may be manufactured to be flamo resistant. The TG20 compliance sheets for debris:netied scaffolds ‘aseume the uso of commen high pormenbilty netting, wiih typically has at east 60% voids per face area and a typical fabric weight of up to 100g/e. Low pemeabiity netting may sometimes be specified for increased environmental protection, but plastic sheeting i preferred in such cases. Scalfolds ciad with low permeability rating should be specially designed due to the addtional ‘drag forces along the scaffold facade that such netting cary induce in high winds, which can be in excess of those for plastic sheeting, TG20 compliant clad scaffolding eating conforming Sheeting and debris-netting attract significant wind forces, 80 thoy must only be used with 2 TG20 compliance sheet that explicitly permite thoi use. “The mavirrum safe height ofthe scaffold wil be reduced by the presence of debris-netting or shexting. The ties required to ‘support the scaffold wal ned to be stronger, or more ties may bbe required, than for unciad scaling, “The layout of tes required to stabilise the scaffold wil also depen on the presence of cladding, with ackstional ties Fequired atthe top li as described in section 7.6. Guidance f> iso provided in this section for bracing and tying the scaffold thon cladding is fixed above the top guard ral ‘Svtuctural ransoms may also be required to strengthon & ‘lad scaffold, depending on is height and wing exposure, fas spectied by a G20 compliance sheet. Guidance for Structural ransom is provided in section 6.8. Itis recommended that TG20 compliance sheets for shested cr debris-nettad scaffolding are obtained from the TG20 tegorised by the terms sheeting anc durations and working Gitte, which accurately detorines the effect ofthe wind fal the sito location. This can often ro tie designs and greator safe heights t the standard compliance sheets in chapter 03, which are arty basod on simpited wind assessments. Fixing sheeting or debris-netting ‘Shooting and debris-netting should be attached fo the scaffold folowing the manufacturer's guidance. Typicaly they, fre ureolled and attached to the ilts horizontally, fixed with heating tls at 1.0m intervals to the principal quar ais and ledgers as a minimum ‘Atornatively sheets of shrink-wrap sheeting may be jolned tagether by heat welding to create a cortinuous skin aroun the scaffold, When used with TG20 compliant scaffolding, shrinkcwrapped sheeting should be applied oniy to the outer f’and end faces of the scaffold, as for conventional sheeting, 80 ‘sno to form a completely enclosed temporary structure itis recommended that sheeting and debeis-netting aro attached to the outside of the scatfold, rather than at the inner {ave ofthe scaffolding tubes, f not, the bare scaffold tubes ‘exposed Outside of the sheeting attract wind forces and the fraximum safe height of the scaffold may be reduced. Figure 6.66: ypical dabris-netting and sheeting materials Figure 6.67: attaching sheeting toa soatfold