• Modern architecture, with its large expanses of glass, redefined a building's interaction wit

its surroundings.

• Windows, which let natural light inside by day, at

night, allowed these same internally electrically
illuminated spaces to cast light back out into the
urban realm
People find the nightscapes around them Contemporary lighting solutions for
created by building façades need to create added
value for local authorities or have
illuminated building facades, These : architectural or economic merit by
façades facilitate
making a location more beautiful and
*Orientation safer, showing a building off in the right
*Convey messages light or getting a positive corporate
*Communicate emotions image across.
* Create attention
FACADE LIGHTING AS A MARKETING FACTOR
PROMOTION OF THE ECONOMY AND TOURISM

SUSTAINABLE LIGHTING

SECURITY ASPECTS

EMPHASIZE ARCHITECTURE

EMPHASIZE STRUCTURE
EMOTIONAL LIGHTING

ATTRACTING ATTENTION

TRANSFORMING ARCHITECTURE
COMMUNICATIVE LIGHTING

CONVYING INFORMATION
FACADE LIGHTING AS A MARKETING FACTOR

Setting the stage for cities:

 Variety of LED luminaires .
 different night-time appearance .
 Accent lighting in compliance
with master plans to
 enhance public spaces .
 Durable, highly efficient LED
solutions .
 Project: Michael Kors Shanghai Flagship Store Façade, Jing An
A Kerry Centre, Shanghai
Architect: Kohn Pedersen Fox, New York
Lighting Designer: Tillotson Design Associates, New York

•The main challenge was how to create a sense of

brightness and sparkle that would read both up close
and from a distance without the disturbance of a lot
of glare.

•The façade needs to work both during the day in

natural lighting conditions and at night when the
panels are illuminated by two different grazing
fixtures located at the top and bottom of the entire
assembly.
 A

•The first fixture types are 10-

degree 4000K LED grazers that
illuminate the top front, the
bottom front, and the bottom back
of the panels with white light.

•The second are RGB LED

luminaires with a medium beam
distribution that create color-
changing effects, and which sit
behind the bottom grazing fixture.
Emphasizing Architecture

Project : District heating plant, Klausen | IT

A
Architect : : Dr. Roland Baldi, Bolzano | IT
Emphasizing Architecture

Project : The Rookery Building, Chicago | US

B
Architect : Burnham & Root, Chicago | US
Lighting design : •: Office for Visual Interaction, Inc. (OVI),
- The right color temperature New York | US
underscores materials and
character

- Uniform, vertical lighting

emphasizes the surfaces of a
façade without altering the
architecture

• Precise accent lighting picks out

distinctive architectural features
 • Structuring architecture

C Project : Sutterlüty Handels GmbH,

Architect Architekten Hermann Kaufmann, Schwarzach

Light lines define structure and

allow easier orientation :
• The architecture and contours of a
building are visible, even when it is
dark
• Different luminance levels on
various surfaces differentiate the
foreground from the background
Emotional lighting

How Building looks different at night :

– Static or dynamic lighting scenarios using colours

replace traditional accent lighting

– Creative lighting patterns and textures reinforce

emotional connection to the building
Emotional lighting

A Project :Dornier Museum, Friedrichshafen

Architect : Allmann Sattler Wappner Architekten,
Munich | DE
 Attracting attention

-- Building looks different at night

– Static or dynamic lighting scenarios using colours

replace traditional accent lighting

– Creative lighting patterns and textures reinforce

emotional connection to the building
 Attracting attention
A • Project :Gaislachkoglbahn, Sölden | AT
• Architect :obermoser arch-omo zt gmbh, Innsbruck | AT
 Attracting attention
B • Project : vente – privee vuilding / Paris , France
• Architect : Pucci De Rossi
• The design of lighting for an architecture is critical — as
this illumination is what makes it work for nighttime use.
Through aspects like :

• 1- Hierarchy through light intensity

• 2 - Materiality through lighting color and even the use of

lighting direction (with conscientious use of shadow),
• 3 - Lighting fixture technologies :
must work well with a building’s elements during daylight hours. Thus, selecting proper lighting
is simultaneously about integrating beautiful lighting fixtures as it is about making sure those
lighting fixtures present the architecture at its fullest potential at night.
 Basic consideration that must be taken when designing the lighting of the facades :
- installation methods : must be easy
- does not spoil the overall look of the building
- Power & contact points
- possibility and ease of maintenance in future safety of use
- flow direction
 The Easiest option of lighting.
It is ideal for cultural objects (monuments and churches), stand-alone facilities, because the
grandeur of preservation and holistic visualization.
Main techniques
Flood lighting of facades
is characterized bylighting :
the installation of lights at a certain distance from the
General
illuminated flood lighting
objects - they are: - often mounted on poles. But you must keep in mind that the
the easiest
light aimed at theoption of lighting.
building It isthrough
will pass ideal forthe
cultural objects
window, so(monuments
this kind ofand churches),
lighting is undesirable
for use stand-alone
in buildingsfacilities,
that willbecause
be fullthe
of grandeur
people atofnight
preservation andmalls,
( houses, holistichotels)
visualization. Flood
lighting is characterized by the installation of lights at a certain distance from the
illuminated objects - they are often mounted on poles. But you must keep in mind that the
light aimed at the building will pass through the window, so this kind of lighting is
undesirable for use in buildings that will be full of people at night ( houses, malls, hotels)

The Lincoln Memorial

 The historically sensitive lighting system used for the relighting of the Lincoln Memorial
brings out many of the Memorial’s long-hidden details, and ensures that the statue of
Lincoln is highly visible. In addition, great care was taken in the lighting of the historic
murals on either side of the inner chamber to allow visibility of the murals without light
levels that would damage the delicate material. The final result is a re-illuminated
Memorial proudly and beautifully
 Focus Attention to interface elements (window frames, arches, cornices, columns ,balconies) .
In order for the composition to be harmonious, all items must be luminous and skillfully
connected to one composition. In this incarnation, architectural lighting used medium, low-
power lamps and linear shape lighting on the basis of light-emitting diodes. These bulbs are
nowadays becoming increasingly popular

Auberge de Castille Malta

Architect Edward Said explained that the approach appeared to light historic buildings so
as to highlight specific features while leaving others dark.
It is a kind of artistic effect, allowing to achieve the shape of the image outline of the object,
but without any details. That is, the silhouette of the object shows the creation of a luminous,
black or dark background ( the essence of the effect) . This creates a clear image and powerful
graphics, and applies a similar effect to highlight the palaces with columns and theaters.
 Suitable for lighting Modern buildings with fully glazed( shopping and entertainment
centers, office buildings) .
The lighting equipment is installed indoors and draws on the glass - produce a variety of
lighting effects: fixed or variable.

TOD`S
 A relatively new technique when the perimeter of the building stands out with the help of
linear lighting.
This collective implementation of contour lighting was made possible by the advent of
inexpensive light sources ( flexible neon and LED bars) . They are installed on the front of
hundreds of meters, for example, they illuminate the corners of the cornices
 A lighting method that use color synthesis
Changing the colors within a certain time and increasing / fading brightness. But the methods
of systems tsvetodinamicheskih application can be anything: fill, tone, imagination. It uses a
variety of tsvetodinamicheskie lighting: floodlights, LED bars and lights.
*: Russian word means Color dynamics

San Francisco City Hall

Galleria Centercity
GLARE AND SHADOWING

On the design side, luminaires

strong glare and shadowing can be
problematic. An issue that
manufacturers responded can be
fixed by switching from Device On
Board (DOB) to Chip on Board
(COB). Wallace projected future
lighting trends will include the
gradual replacement of SMT to COB
A PROPLEMATIC GLARE
to reduce shadowing. AND UNWANTED
SHADOWING
COMBINING TECHNOLOGY WITH THE RIGHT LOOK AND FEEL

Retailers can’t compromise on

the look and feel of their shops,
and that still presents a
challenge with new lighting
technology. As Dean Laurent,
utilities purchasing manager at
Arcadia, points out: ‘The
customer comes in for the
product, not the lighting. We
need our stores to be bright,
young and we do not want to see
new technology make them
duller.’
LACK OF COLOUR AND STANDARDARIZATION MEASUREMENTS

Lack of LED industry standards for Color

Correlated Temperature (CCT) and data
presentation also continue to trouble designers,
when it comes to picking the right bulbs for
projects.

Designers also face difficulties in sorting out

lighting label measurements as manufacturers
use different benchmarks and measurement
criteria. Wallace also pointed out there is currently
no design tool for LEDs and it may take another
four to five years to develop one.
 Recommended Light Levels
Recommended Light Levels (Illuminance)
for Outdoor and Indoor Venues

This is an instructor resource with information to be provided to students as the instructor sees fit.
Light Level or Illuminance, is the amount of light measured in a plane surface (or the total luminous
flux incident on a surface, per unit area). The work plane is where the most important tasks in the
room or space are performed.
Measuring Units of Light Level - Illuminance
Illuminance is measured in foot candles (ftcd, fc, fcd) or lux (in the metric SI system). A foot candle
is actually one lumen of light density per square foot; one lux is one lumen per square meter.
• 1 lux = 1 lumen / sq meter = 0.0001 phot = 0.0929 foot candle (ftcd, fcd)
• 1 phot = 1 lumen / sq centimeter = 10000 lumens / sq meter = 10000 lux
• 1 foot candle (ftcd, fcd) = 1 lumen / sq ft = 10.752 lux

Common Light Levels Outdoors from Natural Sources

Common light levels outdoor at day and night can be found in the table below:

Illumination
Condition
(ftcd) (lux)
Sunlight 10,000 107,527
Full Daylight 1,000 10,752
Overcast Day 100 1,075
Very Dark Day 10 107
Twilight 1 10.8
Deep Twilight .1 1.08
Full Moon .01 .108
Quarter Moon .001 .0108
Starlight .0001 .0011
Overcast Night .00001 .0001

Common Light Levels Outdoors from Manufactured Sources

The nomenclature for most of the types of areas listed in the table below can be found in the City of
Los Angeles, Department of Public Works, Bureau of Street Lighting’s “DESIGN STANDARDS
AND GUIDELINES” at the URL address under References at the end of this document.

 
 Recommended Light Levels

 
 Recommended Light Levels
Common and Recommended Light Levels Indoors

The outdoor light level is approximately 10,000 lux on a clear day. In the building, in the area
closest to windows, the light level may be reduced to approximately 1,000 lux. In the middle area its
may be as low as 25 - 50 lux. Additional lighting equipment is often necessary to compensate the
low levels.

Earlier it was common with light levels in the range 100 - 300 lux for normal activities. Today the
light level is more common in the range 500 - 1000 lux - depending on activity. For precision and
detailed works, the light level may even approach 1500 - 2000 lux.

The table below is a guide for recommended light level in different workspaces:

Illumination
Activity
(lux, lumen/m2)
Public areas with dark surroundings 20 - 50
Simple orientation for short visits 50 - 100
Working areas where visual tasks are only occasionally performed 100 - 150
Warehouses, Homes, Theaters, Archives 150
Easy Office Work, Classes 250
Normal Office Work, PC Work, Study Library, Groceries, Show Rooms,
500
Laboratories
Supermarkets, Mechanical Workshops, Office Landscapes 750
Normal Drawing Work, Detailed Mechanical Workshops, Operation
1,000
Theatres
Detailed Drawing Work, Very Detailed Mechanical Works 1500 - 2000
Performance of visual tasks of low contrast and very small size for
2000 - 5000
prolonged periods of time
Performance of very prolonged and exacting visual tasks 5000 - 10000
Performance of very special visual tasks of extremely low contrast and
10000 - 20000
small size

Generally, factors that affect the effectiveness of illumination are quantity and quality of light,
amount of flicker, amount of glare, contrast and shadows. Each factor must be adjusted differently
to optimize illumination in emergency, safety, operations, and security situations, for instance.
Lighting Standards also serve to address the plethora of other concerns associated with the design,
placement, installation, and minimum energy requirements and efficient allocation of illumination
in different locations with different purposes, as well as the efficiency, durability, cost, and
maintainability.

 
 Recommended Light Levels
Additional Recommended Light Levels Indoors

Office Space
Normal work station space, open or closed offices1 500
ADP Areas 500
Conference Rooms 300
Training Rooms 500
Internal Corridors 200
Auditoria 150-200
Public Areas
Entrance Lobbies, Atria 200
Elevator Lobbies, Public Corridors 200
Ped. Tunnels and Bridges 200
Stairwells 200
Support Spaces
Toilets 200
Staff Locker Rooms 200
Storage Rooms, Janitors’ Closets 200
Electrical Rooms, Generator Rooms 200
Mechanical Rooms 200
Communications Rooms 200
Maintenance Shops 200
Loading Docks 200
Trash Rooms 200
Specialty Areas
Dining Areas 150-200
Kitchens 500
Outleased Space 500
Physical Fitness Space 500
Child Care Centers 500
Structured Parking, General Space 50
Structured Parking, Intersections 100
Structured Parking, Entrances 500

 
 Recommended Light Levels
Calculating Illumination

Illumination can be calculated as

I = Ll Cu LLF / Al (1)

where

I = illumination (lux, lumen/m2)

Ll = lumens per lamp (lumen)
Cu = coefficient of utilization
LLF = light loss factor
Al = area per lamp (m2)

Example - Illumination

10 incandencent lamps of 500 W (10600 lumens per lamp) are used in an area of 50 m2. With Cu =
0.6 and LLF = 0.8 illumination can be calculated as

I = 10 (10600 lumens) (0.6) (0.8) / (50 m2)

= 1018 lux
 

References

1) http://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/light-level-rooms-d_708.html
2) http://www.illumenate.com/lightlevels.htm  
3)  http://bsl.lacity.org/downloads/business/BSLDesignStandardsAndGuidelines0507Web.pdf
4) http://www.gsa.gov/portal/content/101308
5) http://www.ncef.org/pubs/lighting.pdf

The last reference was not quoted above but is very worth reviewing. It specifies lighting sources
for schools, which in most cases is where students will take their measurements for the Safety
activity. The table on its page 3 is a guide for choosing electric lighting systems for school
applications. Note that mean lumens per watt is the measure of the energy efficiency of the lamp
system, much the way miles per gallon measures the energy efficiency of an automobile. And a
luminaire is the proper term for a lighting fixture.