 Design of S.R Rectangular Section  Short Column: Short if salenderness.

ratio of both axes are

System Type of Range Arrangement Type of
 Sec Modulus less than 12. (Country) tendon of of tendons in Anchorage
f M yf M Lateral ties: Diameter of lateral ties is given by criteria of force duct
d As 
2
Ec  5700 f ck N / mm . , Min. grade = M15 (IS 456:1978) R ub 0.87f y jd stiffness not by strength. Hence, it is independent of grade of Freyssinet Wires Medium Annular, spaced Concrete
steel. (France) & Large by helical wire wedge
 Analysis of Doubly Reinforced  Section stands core.
E c  5000 f ck N / mm 2 . , Min. grade = M20 (IS 456:2000)  longitudinal, max D Lee-mc-call Bar Small Single bars High
C1  C 2  T  0.36f ck x u b  A sc (Fsc  0.45f ck. )   (Great threaded medium strength nut
Tie diameter t   4 , St  16 longitudinal, min Britain) at ends large
S. Discription Collapse Servicability 6 mm 300 mm
No. 0.87f y A st  A sc (f sc  0.45f ck )   Gifford-Udall Wires Small & Evenly spaced Split Conical
1. D.L + L.L 1.5 1 T  0.87 f y Ast , x u  Minimum Eccentricity (Great medium by perforated wedge
2. D.L + (W.L) or (E.L)
0.36f ck b. Britain) spacers
combination  ley D y
(i) for normal case  Nominal Shear Stress e y,min  max  500  30 For non  rectangular / circular section Magnel-
Blaton
wires Small
medium
Horizontal rows
of 4 wires
Flat steel
wedge in
 20 mm (Belgium) large spaced by metal sandwich
D.L + W.L (or E.L) 1.5 1  le
D.L + W.L (or E.L) V Ast  lex D x e min  max  300
griller plates
v  , c max  0.631 f ck . , %pt   100.
(ii) for checking
b.d bd e x,min  max  500  30  20 mm
stability against over
turning/stress reversal  20 mm Stress Grade of Concrete
Effective span ( l eff )
D.L + W.L (or E.L) 0.9 1
Slenderness Limits to Ensure Lateral Stability M20 M25 M30 M35
Simply supported Continuous Cantilever Slenderness limits to ensure lateral stability
3. D.L + (L.L) + W.L 1.2 1 beam or slab beam or slab
(or E.L) combination d  Direct Tension 1.2 1.3 1.5 1.6
d
D.L 1.2 0.8 l0
l0 l0 l0
Simply supported beam
 Bending Tension 1.7 1.8 2.0 2.2
w < 12 w
12 d Cantilever beam
W.L (or E.L) 1.2 0.8 w w leff =l 0 +
same as 2 or
l0 + d simply
supported
d
d continuous beam Total of Loss Pretensioned Post tensioned
2p min.of or
w w case l0
 25b 60 b
280 f cr  0.7 f ck , f ct  0.66f cr  l0 +
2
+
2
l0 l0 l0 w
w (1) Elastic shorting 3% 1%
m DL d
l eff = l0 + 2  2  2 of concrete
3 cbc f cr (flexure  Splitting  Direct Tensile strength) Minimum of
l0 +
2
or w
Clear span < min. 100b Clear span < min.  250 b (2) Creep in concrete 6% 5%
l0 + 2  d  d (3) Shrinkage of concrete 7% 6%
Calculation of effective
span  Inclined Bars Control of Deflection: (4) Relaxation of steel 2% 3%
Cantilever beam 7 18% 15%
Calculation of total d
load w Vs  VV  cbd  0.87f y ASV (sin   cos ) Simply supported beam 20
sv Continuous beam 26 S.No Type of Construction Min. Grade
0.148 fck  Fe 250
1 Type of slab Mild steel Type of reinforcement
0.138 fck  Fe 415 LSM Calculation of design
coefficient (Q)
WSM
Q  CJK Sv  0.87f y As v d(cos   sin ) , 1. Lean Concrete bases M5, M 7.5
2
0.133 fck  Fe 500 Fe 415
2. Plain Concrete Cement M 15
0.87f y As v d Simply supported 35 28
Calculation of effective depth 3. RCC (general construction) M 20
A st 
M WSM M Sv  Vc  c bd. Co n ti n u o u s 40 32
 st . j.d
d
Qb v  vc 4. Water tanks, dome M 30
 Concentrically Loaded Column (e=0) 5. In sea water M30(RCC)
Check  Maximm Spacing: 0.75d or 450mm
for
shear 0.5 f ck  4.6M u  P  0.45f ck A y  0.75f y A st M20 (PCC)
v 
v
 C A st  1  1   bd  st
bd f y  f ck bd 2 
 Development Length: L d  4   6. Post-tensioned PSC M 30
bd  Axially Loaded Column. (e < 0.05h) 7. Pre - tensioned PSC M40
For Singly Reinforced Rectangular beam  Longitudinal Reinforcement: Pw  0.9P  0.4f ck A c  0.67f y A st
Unbalanced Section Balanced Section Tu  l  d / b  Ast  0.85 Pr e  tensioning Post  tensioning

1 mf c m cbc M1  M1  M 2 M k  ,
bd fy Prestressed Concrete: Anchoring of tendons, placing
Casting of concrete, placing
k  kc  (if m is given) 1.7 tendons, placement of anchorage

 st  st  mf c  st  m cbc jacks, applying tension,
1  Slabs  Loss due to length effect = Pok.x Stages
casting concrete & finally cutting
block & jack, applying
mf c tension to tendons & finally seating
 ly   ly   Loss due to curvature effect = Po.. of tendons.
wedges
1  k 1  k 
R f c k 1   Rc   cbc kc  1  c    2, two way slab ,    2 one way slab  Loss of pre-stress at the Prestressing bed, Jack, Anchoring device,
Casting bed, Ducts, mould/Shuttering,
2  3 2  3  lx   lx  Devices End Abutments, Shuttering/mould,
Anchoring devices, Jacks.
L Harping device
 n  n  Anchoring stage =  Es
M  Rbd 2  Ast f st  d   M c  Rcbd 2  Ast st  d  c  Member Max. reinfocement Min. reinforcement L  Heavy casting place members
 3  3 can be easily post-tensioned

Co l umn 6% of gross cross 0.8% of gross cross ES = Young’s Modulus for tension Advantages
 Suitable for Large scale production
 Transfer of prestress is independent
 k  k   Do not required Large anchorage device
 Ast f st d  1    Ast st d 1  c  sectional area sectional area wires, L = length of tendon of length
 3  3
 Less waiting period in casting bed
Slab 0.15% for mild steel  Loss of stress due to shrinkage of concrete = eshx Es
 Good bond is neccessary between
A 50kf c A 50kc cbc & 0.125 for HYSD bars  Loss of stress due to creep of concrete = .m.fc. Disadvan   Requirement of anchorage
P  st  100  Pc  st  100  tages
transmission length.
device & grouting equipment.
bd f st bd  st Beam 4% of gross sectional  Losss of stress = strain lost in steel x ES  Pre-stressing bed required
area for each compr- A st min 0.85

 Doubly Reinforce Rectangular Setction fc P N
ession and tension bd fy
 Es  0  CIVIL ENGINEERING
bx 2
'
Ec A Z ROCKET CHART
Hanger bars 0.2% of gross cross –
 (m1  1)Ast  x  d '   m As  d  x  Types of prestressing on various basis- FOR QUICK REVISION
2 in beams sectional area of beam
BY
Side face – 0.1% of the web area Source of force - Hydraulic, electrical, mechanical, chemical.
 FLexure (LSM)- Balanced Section reinforcement Time of force application - pretensioning & post-tensioning. S.SOROUT: 9255624029
in beam
x 700 Sh ea r
Place of force application - External like as in bridges, internal DISTRIBUTOR
   d
like as in sleepers.
 d max 0.87f y  1100 reincorcement – 0.87f yAS v s  0.4bd GOLDEN BOOK DEPOT
v
DELHI (9811421791)