ansz001 Determine Effectiveness of Medicine using Hypothesis Testing | by Michaelhans | Medium Open in app e@ There is another case study to explain how hypothesis testing can be a tool to determine the effectiveness of serum. Case Study 2: Serum for Leukemia This description is taken from Probability and Statistics for Engineers and Scientists, 9th ed. —Walpole et al. To find out whether a new serum will arrest leukemia, 9 mice, all with an advanced stage of the disease are selected. Five mice receive the treatment and 4 do not. Survival times, in years, from the time the experiment commenced are as follows: Treatment | 2.1 53 14 46 09 ‘No Treatment | 1.9 05 2.8 31 At the 0.05 level of significance, can the serum be said to be effective? Assume the two populations to be normally distributed with equal variances. Consider: A= mice who got treatment B = mice who did not get treatment Step 1 : Set the hypothesis that want to be tested From the data given, it explains about survival time of each mice either the one who got treatment and the one who did not get a treatment. The effectiveness of the serum can be measured by comparing the mean survival time between treated mice and untreated mice. So, we can set the hypothesis like the following statement. hitpssimedium,com/@michaelhans777Idetermine-aflecivenest-ol medicine-using-rypolhests-esting-223616302a0 onsansz001 Determine Effectiveness of Medicine using Hypothesis Testing | by Michaethans | Medium + Hi: WA-jiB > 0 (rate survival time of treated mice is higher than rate survival time of untreated mice) Step 2 : Set testing criteria . From From the hypothesis null, we decide which the suitable statistical approach it is the information in description, we know that the two populations to be normally distributed with equal variances. But we have no clue about exac value of the population variance either from treated mice or untreated mice. From the table of hypothesis testing, we can use these statistical tests to prove the hypothesis. (mg — DS4 + Og — 15 (a —1) + Ge —D Step 3 : Set the significant level and critical value After we set the testing criteria, we set the significant level and critical value. From the information on the question, we set the significant level at 0.05 or 5%. According to the testing criteria we set, the critical value would be t-value with significant level 5% and 7 degree of freedom. From the t-value table with 7 degree of freedom, we get the critical value at to.os = 1.895. From the alternative hypothesis, we get the critical region at t > 1.895. Step 4 : Evaluate the statistic value By using the formula statistic that we have set before, we can calculate and evaluate with the formula to get the statistic value. First, we calculate XA and XB. hitpssimedium,com/@michaelhans777Idetermine-aflecivenest-ol medicine-using-rypolhests-esting-223616302a0 sonansz001 Determine Effectiveness of Medicine using Hypothesis Testing | by Michaelhans | Medium Ly tuo $284 3 ip veseegene = 2.075 After that, we calculate the sample variance for treated mice and untreated mice. By using sample variance formula, We get S% = 3.883 53 = 1.3625 We use those value to calculate Sp”. (mg — 1)S3+ (ng — 15% _ (S— 193.883 + (4 — 1)1.3625 533 - G tt Ge =D G-D+ @-D 3.6071 Put all needed calculation into the t-value statistic formula. Ga—%g)—dy | (2.86 —2.075)-—0 2f1 1 Se lng tag Step 5 : Draw a conclusion = 1.274 Now we get the statistic value and critical value to decide the acceptance of null hypothesis, We see that the critical region is t > 1.895. However, the statistic value we get is 1.274 so that 1.274< 1.895. Therefore, the statistic value is not on the critical hitpssimedium,com/@michaelhans777Idetermine-aflecivenest-ol medicine-using-rypolhests-esting-223616302a0 naansz001 Determine Effectiveness of Medicine using Hypothesis Testing | by Michaelhans | Medium Open in app of survival time between the one who used the serum and not. Closing Statement From two case studies that have been explained above, we can see that hypothesis testing can be the tool to determine the effectiveness of the medicine or serum that have been developed. However, to increase our confidence about the hypothesis testing, we need more data to get more accurate result, The bigger data obtained; the more accurate result of the effectiveness. References 1. https://www.statisticssolutions.com/hypothesis-testing/ 2. Probability and Statistics for Engineers and Scientists, 9th ed. — Walpole et al. 3. McLeod, S. A. (2018, August 10). What is a hypothesis . Simply Psychology. hutps://www.simph chology.org/what-is-a-hypotheses.html Probability Distributions Hypothesis Testing Medicine Effectiveness, hitpsiimedium.com/@michaelans777idetermine-afecivenest-o-medicine-using-rypolhests-esting-223516302a0 saaansz004 Determine Effectiveness of Medicine using Hypothesis Testing | by Michaelhans | Medium Open in app eo hitpsimedium.com/@michaelhans777Idetermine-aflecivenest-ol-medicne-using-nypothess sting 82351830200 sa