HAMDARD UNIVERSITY BANGLADESH

Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering

Performance Analysis and Design of a Hybrid Power Supply

System

This thesis is presented in partial fulfilment of the requirement for the degree of
Bachelor of Science in Electrical and Electronic Engineering (EEE)

Bangladesh 2020
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HAMDARD UNIVERSITY BANGLADESH
Hamdard Nagar, Gazaria, Munshiganj-1510, Bangladesh

Submitted by

Name ID
Kawsar Mahmud 555161018

Supervisor
Dr. Mohammad Rabiul Alam
Associate Professor
Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Hamdard University Bangladesh

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Project/ Thesis Assessment Committee:

Chairman

……………………………..

Dean, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology

Hamdard University Bangladesh

Member

……………………………..

Dr. Mohammad Rabiul Alam

Supervisor, Associate Professor
Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Hamdard University Bangladesh

Member-Secretary

……………………………….

Zubaida Azad Shikha

Lecturer
Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Hamdard University Bangladesh

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 HAMDARD UNIVERSITY BANGLADESH

Candidate Declaration
It is declared hereby that this thesis paper or any part of it has not been submitted to
anywhere else for the award of any degree.

Kawsar Mahmud

ID: 555161018

February 2020
© Copyright 2020
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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
It is my great pleasure to express gratitude to my project supervisor Dr. Mohammad Rabiul Alam,
Associated Professor, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering (EEE), Hamdard
University Bangladesh for his constant support, encouragement and valuable advice at all stage of
my project. I also sincerely wish to acknowledge gratitude to all of the faculty members and staffs
of the department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering of Hamdard University Bangladesh for
extending their help and assistance to fulfil this project.
I am grateful to all of staffs of Meghna Star Cables and Electrical Appliances LTD and also my
friends who give me good advice and always support me during the period of completion of this
project.

Kawsar Mahmud

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 ABSTRACT
Hybrid power supply system consist of different energy sources in order to have more secured
supply of electrical loads with increased reliability and durability of the system. The standalone
diesel only generator set produces 321,686 kWh/yr (100%) of the total electricity with a capacity
factor of 12% compared to the proposed hybrid system that will produce 1,101,660 kWh/yr (100%)
which is more power generation in HPSS. The standalone diesel generator set operates for 7,008
h/annum, with total fuel consumption of 74,877 L/annum compared in hybrid PV/Diesel system,
the diesel generator operates for 2,919 h/annum and has a fuel consumption of 88,474 L/annum,
which is to be more fuel consumption in HPSS. The total Net Present Cost (NPC) of standalone
diesel generator is $6,963,954 and the hybrid system of total NPC is $4,064,293, which is the
standalone system is $2,899,661 costlier if compared with the newly designed hybrid system NPC.
A hybrid system saves cost and allows the station to enjoy optimum economic conditions.

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 Table of Contents

Title Page No.

Project/Thesis Assessment Committee III
Candidate Declaration IV
Acknowledgements V
Abstract VI
Table of Contents VII
List of Table IX
List of Figures X
Introduction XII
Chapter 1 Introduction 1
1.1 Classification of Power Plant 1
1.2 Energy 2
1.3 Source of Energy 3
1.4 Types of Energy 6
1.5 Conservation of Energy 7
1.6 Facts and Figures about Energy 7
1.7 Power 7
1.8 Types of Power Plant 9
Chapter 2 Diesel Power Plant 13
2.1 General Layout of Diesel power Plant 13
2.2 Operating Principle of Diesel Engines 14
2.3 Essential Components of a Diesel Power Plant 15
2.3.1 Diesel Engines 15
2.3.2 Fuel System of Diesel Power Plant 15
2.3.3 Lubrication System of Diesel Power Plant 16
2.3.4 Air Intakes and Admission System of Diesel Power Plant 17
2.3.5 Exhaust System of Diesel Power Plant 18
2.3.6 Cooling System of Diesel Power Plant 18
2.4 Diesel Plant Operation 19
2.5 Power Definition and Operation Conditions of Diesel Engine
20
for Power Generation
2.6 Performance of Diesel Engine 21

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 2.7 Efficiency of Diesel Power Plant 23
2.8 Advantages and Disadvantages of Diesel Power Plant 24
2.9 Application of Diesel Power Plant 24
Chapter 3 Efficient Operation of Diesel Generator Sets 26
3.1 The Grid 27
3.2 Meghnaghat CCGF (Combined-Cycle Gas-Fired) Power Plant 28
3.3 Diesel Generator 29
3.4 Generator Engine Wiring Diagram 29
3.5 Main Specifications and Technical Parameters of the Gen-set 30
3.6 Maintenance and Materials Cost of Diesel Generator 31
3.7 Monthly Electricity Bill of Meghna Star Cables & Electrical
34
Appliance Ltd
3.8 Technical Data Sheet of HCI-544C Type Engine 34
3.9 Performance Analysis of Diesel Generator 35
3.10 Variable Speed Gen-sets 37
3.11 Maximum Power Transfer 39
3.12 Overall Gen-set Efficiency 48
Chapter 4 Design of a Cost Effective Hybrid Power Supply System 49
4.1 General Layout of Single Line Diagram of 4000kVA Sub-
49
Station
4.2 Control Panel Design 50
4.3 Schematic Diagram of a Single Line 11/0.4kv Sub-Station 51
4.4 Factory Test Report of Al-Mostafa Group 52
4.5 Hybrid Power System 53
4.6 Design of the Hybrid Power Supply System HPSS
53
Components
4.7 Cost-Benefit Analysis of HPSS 56
Discussion and Results 60
Conclusion 61
References 62

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 LIST OF TABLE

Table No. Title Page

2.1 Operation Conditions and Applications of the Diesel Engine 21
Technical Data about Diesel Engine-Steam Turbine Cogeneration
2.2 23
Power Plant
3.1 Main Specifications and Technical Parameters of Diesel Gen-set 30
3.2 Materials/Spare Parts Rate for Diesel Generator 31
3.3 Generator Maintenance Cost 32
3.4 Load Calculation for All Units (Average) 32
3.5 Per Day Electricity Cost For All Units 33
3.6 Per Month Electricity Cost for All Units 33
3.7 Monthly Electricity Bill 34
3.8 Technical Data of HCI-544C Type Engine 35
3.9 Performance Condition of Industrial Diesel Gen-sets 36
3.10 PF Characteristic for Four Main Rectifier Circuits 45
3.11 PF Characteristic for CSC Rectifier Circuits 47
Comparison Simulation of Economic Results between Diesel only
4.1 57
System and a Hybrid System
Comparison Simulation of Diesel Only system and Proposed Hybrid
4.2 57
System
4.3 Comparison of simulation results of electricity production (kWh yr−1) 58
Comparison of simulation results of emissions from standalone diesel
4.4 59
generator set and proposed system

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 LIST OF FIGURE

Fig. No. Title Page

1.1 Classification of Power Plants 1
1.2 World Total Primary Energy Supply 8
1.3 World Total Electricity Generation 8
2.1 General Layout of Diesel Power Plant 13
2.2 Operation diagrams of an I.C. engine 14
2.3 Schematic Arrangement of Diesel Engine Power Plant 15
2.4 Fuel System of Diesel Power Plant 16
2.5 Air Intake System 18
2.6 Combined Cycle: Diesel Engine, HRSG and Steam Turbine 23
3.1 Gen-set Efficiency Curve. 26
3.2 Generation Station Grid Layout 27
3.3 Engine Wiring Diagram of 6M26D484Engine 30
(a) Performance Graph of Diesel Gen-set, (b) Fuel consumption of
3.4 36
Diesel Gen-sets
Block Diagram for Simple Permanent Magnet Variable Speed Diesel
3.5 38
Generator.
Block diagram for variable speed diesel gen-set developed for the US
3.6 38
Army.
3.7 Simple Thevenin Circuit 40
3.8 Power to load ratio as a function of load/source ratio. 41
(a) Thevenin equivalent circuit of a permanent generator. (b)
3.9 42
Thevenin equivalent circuit of a battery.
3.10 Example of alternating current and voltage vs. time 42
Power triangle for AC circuits relating the real power (P), reactive
3.11 43
power (Q), and apparent power (𝑉𝑟𝑚𝑠 𝐼𝑟𝑚𝑠 )
Commonly used rectifier circuits; (a) uncontrolled diode bridge
rectifier; (b) Fully controlled thyristor bridge rectifier; (c) Diode
3.12 44
rectifier with boost dc-dc converter; (d) PWM voltage-source current
controlled rectifier.
CSC Rectifiers; (a) TSSC Rectifier; (b) SVC Rectifier; (c) FCSC
3.13 46
Rectifier
3.14 Efficiency of SiC-Si Hybrid inverters and all Si inverters 48
Single-Line Diagram of 4000kVA Sub-station for Meghna Star
4.1 50
Cables And Electrical Appliances Ltd.
4.2 Control Panel Internal view of 11/0.4kV Sub-station 50
4.3 Control Circuit Diagram for VCB 51

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4.4 Control Circuit Diagram of LT Switchgear 51
4.5 Control Circuit Diagram of 12 Step PFI Plant 52
4.6 Factory Test Report of 11/0.4kV Transformer 52
4.7 Hybrid renewable energy system architectural design 54
4.8 Generator operation schedule chart for diesel generator 55
4.9 Cash flow analysis of NPC of existing diesel-only generator set 56
4.10 Cash flow analysis of NPC of optimized hybrid energy system 56
Monthly average of electrical power production of diesel only
4.11 58
generator set
Monthly average of electrical power production of hybrid energy
4.12 58
system

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 Introduction
The world is in the grip of energy crisis and the pollution manifesting itself in the spiralling cost of
energy and uncomforted due to increase in pollution as well as the depletion of conventional energy
resources and increasing curve of pollution elements. To meet these challenges one way is to check
growing energy demand but that would show down the economic growth as first step and to
develop non-polluting energy conversion system as second step. It is commonly accepted that the
standard of living increases with increasing energy consumption per capita. Any consideration of
energy requirement and supply has to taken into account the increase conservation measures. On
the industrial front, emphasis must be places on the increased with constant effort to reduce energy
consumption. Fundamental changes in the process, production and services can affect considerable
energy saving without affecting the overall economy. It need not be over emphasized that in house
hold commercial and industrial use of energy has considerable scope in energy saving. Attempt at
understanding the integrated relationship between environment and energy have given shape due to
development of R-134a to emerging deskilling of environmental management. The government of
Bangladesh has laid down the policy “ it is imperative that we carefully utilize our renewal
resources of soil water, plant and animal live to sustain our economic development” our
exploitation of these is reflected in soil erosion, salutation, floods and rapid destruction of our
forest, floral and wild life resources. The depletion of these resources often tends to be irreversible
since bulk of our population depends on these natural resources. A power plant is an industrial
facility used to generate electric power with the help of one or more generators which converts
different energy sources into electric power. Electricity is a secondary energy source, which means
that electricity is obtained from the conversion of other primary sources of energy, such as coal,
natural gas, nuclear, solar, or wind energy. The energy used to make electricity can be conventional
or non-conventional. A power plant should be reliable. The capacity of a power plant depends upon
the power demand. While designing the power station provision should be made for the installation
of more generating units depending upon the expected rate of increase of maximum demand over
the next few years. Plant capacity can be decided by studying the load duration curve and the
anticipated future demand. Power plant capacity depends upon the following factors:
 Maximum demand of consumers at present.
 Type of load: such as
 Private
 Public
 Industrial
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  Commercial
 Domestic
 Railways
 Future Load Conditions: Expected future electric power demand for at-least next five
years should be known.
 Availability of fuel.
 Total cost of power plant.

Research Objectives
The main objectives of this project are:
 To calculate generating cost of a diesel power station
 Efficient operation of diesel gen-sets
 To reduce total electricity cost, fuel consumption and emission of carbon di-oxide.

Research Methodology
Methodology for completion of this thesis is given below:
At first various types of literature has been reviewed. Then the Meghna Star Cables and Electrical
Appliances LTD have been visited. Then statistical data has been collected from Al-Mostafa Group
and performance of diesel power station has been calculated and analyzed overall gen-sets cost and
efficiency. After that, Comparison between Diesel only System and proposed Hybrid Power Supply
System (HPSS) had been did. Finally an ideal result had been obtained.

Thesis organization
The content of the thesis are organized into four chapters. Chapter 1 resents an overview of power
plant, classification of power plant, energy sources, and types of power plant. Chapter 2 described
Diesel power plant, diesel plant operation, efficiency, advantages and disadvantages and
application of power plants. Chapter 3 presents Performance and cost analysis of diesel gen-sets,
overall gen-sets efficiency. Chapter 4 discussed about Design of hybrid power supply system
(HPSS), cost benefit analysis of HPSS.

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