HOUSEHOLD IMAGE CLASSIFICATION USING

NEURAL NETWORK (NN) METHOD

Roniqul Majalis
Teknik Informatika, STMIK Tasikmalaya
e-mail: roniqulmajalis07@gmail.com

Abstrak

Deep Learning is a new scientific field in the field of Machine Learning which has recently
developed due to the development of GPU accelaration technology. Deep Learning has excellent abilities
in computer vision. One of them is in the case of object classification in the image. By implementing one
of the machine learning methods that can be used to classify object images, namely NN. The NN method
consists of two stages. The first stage is the classification of images using feedforward. The second stage
is the learning stage with the backpropagation method. Before classification, preprocessing is done first
with the wrapping method and cropping to focus the object to be classified. Next is training using the
feedforward and backpropagation methods. Finally, the classification stage uses the feedforward method
with updated weights and biases. Trial results from object image classification with different confusion
levels on the Caltech 101 database resulted in an average value of accuracy reaching. So it can be
concluded that the NN method used in this Final Project is able to classify well.

Keywords— Deep learning, Convolution Neural Network

I. INTRODUCTION
One of the problems in computer vision that has long sought a solution is the classification of objects
in the image in general. How to duplicate human ability to understand image information, so that
computers can recognize objects in the image as humans. The feature engineering process used in the
general public is very limited which can only apply to certain datasets without the ability to generalize on
any type of image. This is because various differences between images include differences in viewpoints,
scale differences, different lighting conditions, object deformation, and so on.

Academics who have long struggled with this problem. One of the approaches that has been used
successfully is using Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) that are inspired by nerve tissue in humans. The
concept was then further developed in Deep Learning.

In 1989, Yann LeCun and his friends succeeded in classifying a zip code image using a special case
from the Feed Forward Neural Network under the name Convolution Neural Network (CNN) [1]. Due to
the limitations of hardware, Deep Learning was not developed further until 2009 which outperformed
other Machine Learning methods such as SVM in the case of object classification in imagery.

The Deep Learning method which currently has the most significant results in image recognition is
the Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) [4]. This is because CNN tried to imitate the image recognition
system on human visual cortex [5] so that it has the ability to process image information. But CNN, like
other Deep Learning methods, has the disadvantage of the old model training process. With the
development of hardware, this can be overcome using General Purpose Graphical Processing Unit
(GPGPU) technology.
To establish the classification of termite house images using the neural network (NN) method, the
authors sought references from 2 journals, namely the first research review journal on " IDENTIFIKASI
DAMPAK DAN TINGKAT SERANGAN RAYAP TERHADAP BANGUNAN DI KABUPATEN
KUANTAN SINGINGI " [1].

II. BASIC THEORY

A. Neural Network
Artificial Neural Network Artificial (ANN) is an information processing technique or approach
inspired by the workings of the biological nervous system, especially in human brain cells in processing
information. The key element of this technique is the structure of information processing systems that are
unique and varied for each application. Neural Network consists of a large number of information
processing elements (neurons) that are interconnected and work together to solve a particular problem,
which is generally a problem of classification or prediction.
The development of the science of Neural Network has existed since 1943 when Warren McCulloch
and Walter Pitts introduced the first calculation of the neural network model. They combined several
simple processing units together that were able to provide an overall increase in computing power.

B. Konsep Neural Network

How the Neural Network works can be analogous to how humans learn by using examples or what is
called supervised learning. A Neural Network is configured for certain applications, such as pattern
recognition or data classification, and then refined through the learning process. The learning process that
occurs in biological systems involves adjusting the synaptic connections that exist between neurons, in
the case of the Neural Network adjusting synaptic connections between neurons is done by adjusting the
weight values that exist in each connectivity both from input, neuron and output.

Fig. 1.1 How the Neural Network works

Neural Network processes information based on how the human brain works. In this case the Neural
Network consists of a large number of processing elements that are interconnected and work in parallel to
solve a particular problem. On the other hand, conventional computers use cognitive approaches to solve
problems; where the problem solving method must be known beforehand and then made into a number of
small structured instructions. This instruction is then converted into a computer program and then into the
machine code that can be run by the computer.
 Neural Network, with its capabilities can be used to obtain knowledge from complicated or
inappropriate data, and can also be used to extract patterns and detect trends that are too complex to be
noticed by humans or other computer techniques. A trained Neural Network can be considered an
"expert" in the information processing category that has been given for analysis.

Fig. 1.2 Simple Architecture

III. DESIGN SOFTWARE

A. Processing of Input data
The input image will be processed into a pre-process, namely the original image process
and classification. In classification, the input image is checked by the main object in the
image. The classification of the image is determined by the maximum RGB and MEV so that
when the results of the object process in the image will produce values and accuracy on the
output results, such as in Fig. 3.1.
The input stage begins by calculating the image into RGB and MEV. So that the first
process flow is shaped like Fig. 3.2
 Fig. 3.1 Input Object

Start

Input
Data Citra

Klasifikasi
Proses Nilai
RGB & MEV

Selesai

Fig. 3.2 Input Process Flow

B. Training Process
The training process is a stage where CNN is trained to obtain high accuracy from the
classification carried out. This stage consists of a feed forward process and a backpropagation
process.
The results of the feedforward process are the weights that will be used to evaluate the
neural network process. The process flow as shown in Fig. 3.3.
 Start

Input Data
Citra

Inisialisasi
Parameter NN
Selesai

Proses Menghitung
backpropagation RGB & MEV

Fig. 3.3 Training Flow Process

1. Feedforward Process The feed forward process is the first stage in the training
process. This process will produce several layers to classify image data which uses
the weights obtained from the backpropagation process. This stage will also be
reused during the testing process.
2. Proses Backpropagation Proses backpropagation merupakan tahap kedua dari proses
training. Pada tahap ini seperti yang telah dijelaskan hasil proses dari feed forward
di-trace kesalahannya dari lapisan output sampai lapisan pertama. Untuk menandai
bahwa data tersebut telah di-trace diperoleh bobot yang baru.

C. Proses Trainning
Proses testing merupakan proses klasifikasi menggunakan bobot dan bias dari hasil
proses training. Proses ini tidak jauh berbeda dengan proses training yang membedakannya
tidak terdapat proses backpropagation setelah proses feedforward. Sehingga hasil akhir dari
proses ini menghasilkan akurasi dari klasifikasi yang dilakukan, data yang gagal diklasifikasi,
nomor citra yang gagal diklasifikasi, dan bentuk network yang terbentuk dari proses
feedforward.
Dengan bobot dan bias yang baru proses feedforward diterapkan yang kemudian
menghasilkan lapisan output. Lapisan output sudah fully connected dengan label yang
disediakan. Hasil fully connected tersebut diperoleh data yang gagal dan berhasil
diklasifikasi. Dari penjelasan di atas bentuk alur proses Testing berbentuk seperti pada
Gambar.
 Mulai

Ukuran Data
Citra, Label,
Data Citra
dan Net dari End
proses BP

net = hasil proses er = jumlah bad/

feedforward total label

[~,h] = nilai max [~,a] = max(data

bad = find(h != a)
dari lapisan output label)

Gambar 3.4 Alur Proses

IV. TEST TRY AND EVALUATION

A. Classificaition Result
One example of the results of the classification of this application is show in Fig. In the
classification, there are 2 Categories, namely : Termite House and Non Terminte House
which consist of 2 images.

Fig. 4.1 Image Data Input 1 Fig. 4.2 Image Data Input 2
 The 2 Categories Input Result shown in Fig. 4.3 show that the process of the dataset /
sample 4.3 produces the RGB and MEV values and 4.4 datasets that produce differnet RGB
and MEC values.

Fig. 4.3 Dataset 1 Fig. 4.4 Dataset 2

The Classification result from the datasets that have been processed will produce data as
below which can conclude data from the classification of termite house seen in terms of RGB
and MEV.

Fig. 4.5 Result of dataset classification 1 Fig. 4.6 Result of dataset classification 2

V. CONCLUSION
The Classificaton method using the Neural Network method is reliable enough to
determite the correctness of the termite house classification. This is evident from the dataset that
we obtained and compared with the existing data, the result of the non-termite house as show in
Fig. 4.5 and the termite house in Fig. 4.6.
Changes in the level of confusion do not affect the result of accuracy. This proves that the
classification using the Neural Network method is relatively reliable againt the changes in
parameters made. By using good and optimal trainning data, the dataset from the trainning data
will aslo produce a good classification.

BIBLIOGRAPHY
[1] [1] Y. LeCun, "Handwritten Digit Recognition with a Back-Propagation Network," 1990.
[2] [2] Wikipedia, ''Feature Learning," [Online]. Available: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feature_learning.