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Abstract—In this paper, a literature survey on the various approaches used for classifying an image
which is based on the object. Classification is the vital and challenging task within the field of in
computer vision. Classification is based on the description, texture or similarity of items or things.
Image classification refers to the labeling of images into one of a number of predefined categories.
Pixels are the unit represented in an image. Image classification groups the pixels in different classes.
The image classification includes-image acquisition, image pre-processing, image segmentation.
Many classification techniques have been developed for image classification. This paper study about
different classification techniques such as Artificial Neural Networks (ANN), Naive Bayes (NB), K-
Nearest Neighbor (KNN), Multi- Layered Perceptron (MLP), Kernel Support Vector Machines,
Decision Tree (DT), Fuzzy Measure, Radial Basis Function (RBF).
Keywords—Image Classification; Artificial Neural Network; Naive Bayes; K-Nearest Neighbour,;
Decision Tree;
I. INTRODUCTION
Classification of the objects is an easy task, but it's challenging to the machine. The image
classification includes image pre-processing, image sensors, object detection, object segmentation,
feature extraction and object classification. The Image Classification system consists of a database
that contains predefined patterns that compare with an object to classify to appropriate category.
image classification is a crucial and challenging task in various application domains, including
remote sensing, vehicle navigation, biomedical imaging, video-surveillance, biometry, industrial
visual inspection, robot navigation, and vehicle navigation [2]. Fig.1 Shows the steps involved in the
Classification techniques are[1]:
Pre-processing
Detection and
Extraction
Training
Classification
DOI : 10.23883/IJRTER.2017.3033.XTS7Z 1
International Journal of Recent Trends in Engineering & Research (IJRTER)
Volume 03, Issue 03; March - 2017 [ISSN: 2455-1457]
directed graph in which nodes are neurons and edges with weights are connection among the
neurons. Each artificial neuron computes a weighted sum of its input signals and generates an output,
based on certain activation functions, such as piecewise linear, sigmoid, Gaussian, etc. It consists of
one input layer, one output layer, and depending on the application it may or may not have hidden
layers. The number of nodes at the output layer is equal to the number of information classes,
whereas the number of nodes at the input is equal to the dimensionality of each pixel. Feed-forward
ANN with the back propagation learning algorithm is most commonly used in ANN literature. In the
learning phase, the network must learn the connection weights iteratively from a set of training
samples. The network gives an output, corresponding to each input. The generated output is
compared to the desired output. The error between these two is used to modify the weights of the
ANN. The training procedure ends when the error becomes less than a predefined threshold. Then,
all the testing data are fed into the classifier to perform the classification. [4]
IV. CONCLUSION
In this paper we discussed different Image Classification Techniques. Most common approaches for
image classification can be categories as supervised and unsupervised, or parametric and
nonparametric or object-oriented, sub-pixel, per-pixel and per field or spectral classifiers, contextual
classifiers and spectral-contextual classifiers or hard and soft classification. Some of the most
commonly used techniques are discussed here. This survey gives theoretical knowledge about
classification methods and also for selecting appropriate different classification methods.
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