!    "

‫ﺍﻟـﺘـﻌـﺮﻳـﻔـﺎﺕ ﺍﻟـﻨـﺪﻳـﺔ ﻋـﻠـﻰ ﺍﻟـﻤـﻨـﻈـﻮﻣـﺔ ﺍﻟـﺒـﻴـﻘـﻮﻧـﻴـﺔ ‪١‬‬

‫)ﺗﻘﺮﻳﻆ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺦ ﺍﻟﺪﻛﺘﻮﺭ‪ /‬ﺣﺎﻓﻆ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﺣﻔﻈﻪ ﺍﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ(‬

‫ﷲ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺍﺻﻄﻔﻰ ﻣﻦ ﻋﺒﺎﺩ ِﻩ ﻣﻦ ﺟﻌﻠﻬﻢ ﻣﻔﺎﺗﻴ ‪‬ﺢ ﻟﻠﺨﲑِ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ ﻳﻮﺻ ﹾﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﻤﺪ ِ‬
‫ﱯ ﺍﳍﺪﻯ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻴﻬﻢ ﺇﻻ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺭﺍﺩ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻮﺻﻠﹶﻪ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻼ ﹸﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﻴﺪِﻧﺎ ﳏﻤﺪٍ‪ ،‬ﻧ ‪‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔِ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺁﻟﻪ ﻭﺃﺻﺤﺎﺑ ِﻪ ﻭﻣﻦ ﺗﺒﻌﻬﻢ ﺑﺈﺣﺴﺎﻥ ﺇﱃ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ‪.‬‬
‫ﻑ ﻗﺪﺭ‪‬ﻙ ﻋﻨﺪ‪‬ﻩ ﻓـﺎﻧﻈ ‪‬ﺮ‬ ‫ﺕ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻌﺮ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺃﻣﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ‪ :‬ﻓﻘﺪ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ‪ :‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﺃﺭﺩ ‪‬‬
‫ﷲ ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺐ ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﺎﺯﻝِ‪ ،‬ﻓﻤﻦ ﻭﺟ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻪ ﺍ ُ‬
‫ﺖ‪ :‬ﻷ ﹼﻥ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﺯ ﹶﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﺪ ِﺭ ﻣﺮﺍﺗ ِ‬ ‫ﰲ ﻣﺎﺫﺍ ﻳﻘﻴﻤ‪‬ﻚ‪ ،‬ﻗﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ ﻓﻘﺪ ﺃﻫﺎ‪‬ﻧﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺃﺷﻐﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ﺑﺎﳋﻠ ِﻖ ﻓﻘﺪ ﺻﺮﻓﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﻭﺟﻬ ‪‬ﻪ ﻟﻠﻌﻤ ِﻞ ﻓﻘﺪ ﺃﻋﺎﻧـﻪ‪،‬‬
‫ﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﻠ ِﻢ ﻓﻘﺪ ﺃﺭﺍ ‪‬ﺩ ‪‬ﻩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻣﻦ ﻓﺘ ‪‬ﺢ ﻟﻪ ﺑﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﺚ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻣﻌﺎﻧﻴﻪ ﻭﺭﺟﺎﻟﻪ ﻭﻃﺮﻗﻪ ﻭﺻﺤﻴﺤﻪ ﻭﻋﻠﻴﻠﻪ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻭﻋﻠ ‪‬ﻢ ﺍﳊﺪﻳ ِ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺃﺟ ﱢﻞ ﻋﻠﻮﻡ ﺍﻟ ‪‬ﺪﻳﻦ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁ ِﻥ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ
‪:‬‬
‫ﺚ ﻭﺇﻻ ﺍﻟﻔﻘ ‪‬ﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻟـ ‪‬ﺪﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺇﻻ ﺍﳊﺪﻳ ﹶ‬ ‫ﻛ ﱡﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮ ِﻡ ﺳﻮﻯ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁ ِﻥ ﻣـﺸﻐﻠ ﹲﺔ‬
‫ﲔ‬
‫ﺱ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺎﻃ ِ‬
‫ﻭﻣﺎ ﺳﻮﻯ ﺫﺍﻙ ﻭﺳﻮﺍ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠ ‪‬ﻢ ﻣﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻓﻴـﻪ ﻗـﺎ ﹶﻝ ﺣـ ‪‬ﺪﹶﺛﻨﺎ‬
‫ﺏ‬
‫ﺐ ﻧﻔﻌﹰﺎ ﻟﻠﺴﺎﻟﻜﲔ ﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻔ ‪‬ﻦ ﻭﺧﺎﺻ ﹰﺔ ﺍﳌﺒﺘﺪﺋﲔ ﻛﺘﺎ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻭﺇ ﹼﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺟ ﱢﻞ ﺍﻟﻜﺘ ِ‬
‫ﺏ ﻭﺍﺳ ‪‬ﻊ ﺍﻟﺸﻬﺮﺓِ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﺯﺍ ﹶﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎ ُﺀ ﻣﻨـﺬ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻘﻮﻧﻴﺔ ﰲ ﻣﺼﻄﻠﺢ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚِ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻛﺘﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﺏ ﺷﺮﺣﹰﺎ ﻭﺗﻌﻠﻴﻘﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛ ﱞﻞ ﻳﺄﰐ ﺑﺈﺿﺎﻓ ٍﺔ ﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﻋﻨـﺪ‬ ‫ﺯﻣ ٍﻦ ﺑﻌﻴ ٍﺪ ﻳﺘﻨﺎﻭﻟﻮﻥ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻵﺧﺮِ‪ ،‬ﳑ‪‬ﺎ ﻳﺪ ﱡﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﻌ ِﺔ ﻋﻠ ِﻢ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﻇ ِﻢ ﻭﻭﻓﻮ ِﺭ ﺑﺮﻛﺘ ِﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺐ ﺇﱃ‬
‫ﺚ ﻭﺍﻟﻄﻠـ ِ‬ ‫ﺖ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺍﳍِﻤ ‪‬ﻢ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﺤـ ِ‬ ‫ﺖ ﺍﳊﺎﺟ ﹸﺔ ﰲ ﺯﻣﺎ ٍﻥ ﻛﻠﹼ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺪ ﺩﻋ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ‬
‫ﻂ ﻭﺑﻠﻐ ِﺔ ﺃﻫ ِﻞ ﻋﺼﺮِﻧﺎ ﺣﱴ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻗﺮﻳﺒﹰﺎ ﻟﻸﻓﻬﺎﻡِ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﺃﺻﺒﺤ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺴٍ‬‫ﺡ ﻣﺒ ‪‬‬‫ﻭﺿ ِﻊ ﺷﺮ ٍ‬
‫ﺡ ﻣﻌﺎﱐ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏِ‪ ،‬ﻋﻨﺪ ﻛﺜ ٍﲑ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻄـﻼﺏِ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴ ﹸﺔ ﻋﺎﺋﻘﹰﺎ ﺃﻣﺎ ‪‬ﻡ ﻭﺿﻮ ِ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺼﻄﻠﺤﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﺚ ﺍﶈ ﹼﻘ ‪‬ﻖ‪ /‬ﲪ ‪‬ﺪ ﺑ ‪‬ﻦ ﺻﺎﱀ ﺍﻟﻘﻤﺮﺍ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺑﺖ ﺣﻔﻈـﻪ‬ ‫ﺥ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺿ ﹸﻞ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣ ﹸ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺪ ﺃﺣﺴ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﻷ ‪‬‬
 ‫ﺍﻟـﺘـﻌـﺮﻳـﻔـﺎﺕ ﺍﻟـﻨـﺪﻳـﺔ ﻋـﻠـﻰ ﺍﻟـﻤـﻨـﻈـﻮﻣـﺔ ﺍﻟـﺒـﻴـﻘـﻮﻧـﻴـﺔ‬ ‫‪٢‬‬

‫ﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻨﻔ ‪‬ﻊ ‪‬ﺎ ﻛﻤـﺎ‬‫ﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﺪﻳﺪﺓِ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺭﺟﻮ ﺍ َ‬‫ﷲ ﺣﲔ ﻗﺎ ‪‬ﻡ ﺑﻮﺿ ِﻊ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻘﺎ ِ‬ ‫ﺍُ‬
‫ﷲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳ‪‬ﻴﺪِﻧﺎ ﳏﻤ ٍﺪ ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺁﻟ ِﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﹼﻢ‪.‬‬
‫ﻧﻔ ‪‬ﻊ ﺑﺄﺻﻠِﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺇﻧ‪‬ﻪ ﺟﻮﺍ ‪‬ﺩ ﻛﺮﱘ‪ ،‬ﻭﺻﻠﹼﻰ ﺍ ُ‬

‫ﻛﺘﺒﻪ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﲑ ﺇﱃ ﻋﻔﻮ ﻣﻮﻻﻩ‬

‫ﺣﺎﻓﻆ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺧﲑ‬
‫ﺍﻟـﺘـﻌـﺮﻳـﻔـﺎﺕ ﺍﻟـﻨـﺪﻳـﺔ ﻋـﻠـﻰ ﺍﻟـﻤـﻨـﻈـﻮﻣـﺔ ﺍﻟـﺒـﻴـﻘـﻮﻧـﻴـﺔ ‪٣‬‬

‫ﺑﺴﻢ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺣﻴﻢ‬

‫ﱳ ﺑﺈﺭﺳـﺎ ِﻝ‬ ‫ﻚ ﺍﳌﹸﻨﻘﻄﻌﲔ ﺑﺮﲪﺘﻪِ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻣـ ‪‬‬ ‫ﷲ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻭﺻ ﹶﻞ ﺳﻠ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺍﳊﻤ ‪‬ﺪ ِ‬
‫ﳏﻤﺪ  ﺇﱃ ﺃﻣ‪‬ﺘﻪِ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻼ ﹸﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻼ ‪‬ﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳ‪‬ﻴ ِﺪ ﺍﳌﺮﺳﻠﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻣﺎ ِﻡ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﲔ‬
‫ﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺁﻟ ِﻪ ﻭﺃﺻـﺤﺎﺑ ِﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻵﺧﺮﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ﻣ‪‬ﻦ ﺃﻋﻀ ﹶﻞ ﺍﻟﻜﻔ ‪‬ﺮ ﺑﺒﻌﺜﺘﻪِ‪ ،‬ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍ ُ‬
‫ﻭﻣﻦ ﺗﺒﻌﻬﻢ ﺑﺈﺣﺴﺎ ٍﻥ ﺇﱃ ﻳﻮ ِﻡ ﺍﻟﺪ‪‬ﻳﻦ‪.‬‬
‫ﺃﻣﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ‪ :‬ﻓﻬﺬ ِﻩ ﺣﺎﺷﻴ ﹲﺔ ﻟﻄﻴﻔﺔﹲ‪ ،‬ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﹲﺓ ﺧﻔﻴﻔﺔﹲ‪ ،‬ﻛﺘﺒﺘ‪‬ﻬـﺎ ﻟﺘﻜـﻮﻥ‬
‫ﻁ‬
‫ﺖ ﻓﻴﻬـﺎ ﺑـﺬﻛ ِﺮ ﺍﻟـﺸﺮﻭ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺪ ﹰﺓ ﻟﻠﻤﺪﺭ‪‬ﺳﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻄﻠﺒ ِﺔ ﺍﳌﺮﺍﺟﻌﲔ‪ ،‬ﻋﻨﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﳊﺪﻭﺩِ‪ ،‬ﻣﺘﺠﻨ‪‬ﺒﹰﺎ ﺫﻛ ‪‬ﺮ ﺍﻷﻣﺜﻠ ِﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺮ‪‬ﺩﻭﺩِ‪ ،‬ﻛ ﹼﻞ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﺒﻴﻞ ﺍﻻﺧﺘﺼﺎﺭ‪،‬‬
‫ﺲ ﱄ ﻓﻴﻬـﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﻴﺪﹰﺍ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﻄﻮﻳﻞ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻜﺮﺍﺭ‪ ،‬ﺩﻭ‪‬ﻧﺘ‪‬ﻬﺎ ﺗﺬﻛﺮ ﹰﺓ ﱄ ﻭﻷﻣﺜﺎﱄ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ‬‫ﷲ ﻭﺍﻟﻼﺣﻘﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﺟﺮﻳ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺳﻮﻯ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻞ ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﲔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺮﲪﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ﺍ ُ‬
‫ﷲ ﺣـﺴﱯ‬ ‫ﺐ ﻟﻠﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ)‪ ،(١‬ﻭﺍ ُ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻬ ِﺞ ﺍﳌﺘﺄﺧ‪‬ﺮﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ﻷﻧ‪‬ﻪ ﺍﻷﺳﻬ ﹸﻞ ﰲ ﺑﺪﺍﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﻠ ِ‬
‫ﷲ ﺍﻟﻌﻠ ‪‬ﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﻈﻴﻢ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻧﻌ ‪‬ﻢ ﺍﻟﻮﻛﻴﻞﹸ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﺣﻮ ﹶﻝ ﻭﻻ ﻗﻮ ﹶﺓ ﺇ ﹼﻻ ﺑﺎ ِ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺞ ﻫﻮ ﺍﳌﺨﺘﺎﺭ ﻟﺪﻯ ﺷﻴﻮﺧﻲ؛ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺍﳌﺼﻄﻠﺢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﻮﺍﻋـﺪ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺘﺄﺧﺮﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ﹼﰒ ﻳﻨﺘﻘﻞ ﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ ﻟﻜﺘﺐ ﺍﳌﺘﻘﺪ‪‬ﻣﲔ ﻟﻴﺘﻌﻠﹼﻢ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺘﻬﻢ ﻭ‪‬ﺠﻬﻢ‪ .‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻫـﻮ‬
‫ﻚ ﺃﻥ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﻓﺮﻗـﹰﺎ ﺑـﲔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻮﺳﻂ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﺇﻥ ﺷﺎﺀ ﺍﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪ .‬ﻭﻻ ﺷ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ ﺃﻳﻀﹰﺎ ﺃﻥ ﻣﻨﻬﺞ ﺍﳌﺘﻘﺪ‪‬ﻣﲔ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻷﺻﺢ ﻭﺍﻷﺻﻮﺏ؛ ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻜﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺠﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﺷ ‪‬‬
‫ﺐ ﻛﺜﲑﺓ ﲣﺪﻡ ﻫﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﺖ ﻛﺘ ‪‬‬ ‫ﳚﻤﻊ ﺍﻷﻣ‪‬ﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﻔﺮ‪‬ﻗﻬﺎ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﺪ‪‬ﻋﻲ ﺑﻌﻀﻬﻢ‪ .‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﹸﻛِﺘ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍ‪‬ﺎﻝ ﻭﺗﻮﺿ‪‬ﺤﻪ؛ ﻓﺎﳊﻤﺪ ﷲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻓﻀﻠﻪ ﻭﺇﺣﺴﺎﻧﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺸﻜﺮ ﻟـﻪ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺗﻮﻓﻴﻘـﻪ‬
‫ﺐ ﻭﻳﺮﺿﻰ‪،‬‬‫ﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﺃﻥ ﳚﻤﻊ ﴰﻞ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻷﻣﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻥ ﻳﻮﻓﹼﻘﻨﺎ ﳌﺎ ﳛ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻣﺘﻨﺎﻧﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺳﺄﻝ ﺍ َ‬
‫ﱄ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺎﺩﺭ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﺃﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻥ ﳛﻔﻆ ﻋﻠﻤﺎﺀﻧﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻥ ﻳﺴﺪ‪‬ﺩﻫﻢ‪ ،‬ﺇﻧﻪ ﻭ ﹼ‬
 ‫ﺍﻟـﺘـﻌـﺮﻳـﻔـﺎﺕ ﺍﻟـﻨـﺪﻳـﺔ ﻋـﻠـﻰ ﺍﻟـﻤـﻨـﻈـﻮﻣـﺔ ﺍﻟـﺒـﻴـﻘـﻮﻧـﻴـﺔ‬ ‫‪٤‬‬

‫ﺑﺴﻢ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺣﻴﻢ‬

‫ﻼ‬
‫ﳏﻤ‪‬ــ ٍﺪ ‪‬ﺧﻴ‪‬ــ ِﺮ ‪‬ﻧﺒِــﻲ‪ ‬ﹸﺃ ‪‬ﺭﺳِــ ﹶ‬ ‫ﺼﻠﱢ‪‬ﻴﹰﺎ ‪‬ﻋﻠﹶــﻰ‬
‫ﺤﻤ‪‬ــ ِﺪ ﻣ‪‬ــ ‪‬‬
‫ﹶﺃﺑ‪‬ــ ‪‬ﺪﹸﺃ ِﺑﺎﹾﻟ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻭﻛﹸــ ﱡﻞ ﻭ‪‬ﺍﺣِــ ٍﺪ ﹶﺃﺗ‪‬ــﻰ ‪‬ﻭﺣ‪‬ــﺪ‪ ‬ﻩ‬ ‫ﺚ ﻋِـﺪ‪ ‬ﹾﺓ‬
‫ﻱ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍ ﹾﻗﺴ‪‬ﺎ ِﻡ ﺍﹾﻟﺤ‪‬ـ ِﺪ‪‬ﻳ ِ‬
‫‪‬ﻭ ِﺫ ‪‬‬
‫)‪(٤‬‬
‫ﺸﺬﱠ)‪ (٣‬ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻳﻌ‪‬ـﻞﹼ‬
‫ِﺇ ‪‬ﺳﻨ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺩ ‪‬ﻩ)‪ (٢‬ﻭ ﹾﱂ ﻳ‪‬ـ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺼ ﹾﻞ‬
‫‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬ﻮ ﻣ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﺗ‪‬ـ ‪‬‬ ‫)‪(١‬‬
‫ﺢ‬
‫ﺤ ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﹶﺃﻭ‪‬ﹸﻟﻬ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﻟﺼ‪ِ ‬‬
‫‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻌ‪‬ﺘﻤ‪‬ــ ‪‬ﺪ ﰲ ﺿ‪‬ــﺒ‪‬ﻄ ِﻪ ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﻧ ﹾﻘﻠِــ ِﻪ‬ ‫ﻂ)‪ (٦‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻦ ﻣ ﹾﺜﻠِـ ِﻪ‬
‫ﺿﺎِﺑ ﹲ‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫)‪(٥‬‬
‫‪‬ﻳﺮ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ِﻪ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﺪ ﹲﻝ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴ ‪‬ﺢ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﺍﺗ‪‬ﺼﻞ ﺳﻨ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻩ ﺑﻨﻘﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﺪ‪‬ﻝ ﺍﻟﻀﺎﺑﻂ ﻋﻦ ﻣﺜﻠ ِﻪ ﺇﱃ ﻣﻨﺘﻬﺎﻩ ﻭﻻ ﻳﻜﻮ ﹸﻥ‬
‫ﻼ‪.‬‬
‫ﺷﺎ ﹼﺫﹰﺍ ﻭﻻ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬‬
‫ﻉ ﻛ ﱢﻞ ﺭﺍ ٍﻭ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻠﻴﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﺗ‪‬ﺼﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺪ‪ :‬ﲰﺎ ‪‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺍﻟﺸﺬﻭﺫ‪ :‬ﳐﺎﻟﻔ ﹸﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﹼﻘ ِﺔ ِﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻦ ﻫﻮ ﺃﻭﺛ ‪‬ﻖ ﻣﻨ ‪‬ﻪ ﺃﻭ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻨ ‪‬ﻪ ﻋﺪﺩﺍﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﺳﻴﺄﰐ ﺇﻥ ﺷﺎﺀ‬
‫ﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍُ‬
‫ﺚ ﻇـﺎﻫﺮ ‪‬ﻩ‬ ‫ﺤ ِﺔ ﺣـﺪﻳ ٍ‬ ‫ﺡﰲﺻ‪‬‬ ‫ﺐ ﻳﻘﺪ ‪‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﻳﻌﲏ ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﺎﻇﻢ ﺍﻟﻌ‪‬ﻠ ﹶﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺩﺣ ﹶﺔ ﻭﻫﻲ‪ :‬ﺳﺒ ‪‬‬
‫ﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪.‬‬
‫ﺤ ﹸﺔ ﻭﺍﳋﻠ ‪‬ﻮ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﺗﺘﺒ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻦ ﺇ ﹼﻻ ﻟﻠﻨﻘﹼﺎﺩ ﺍﳉﻬﺎﺑﺬﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺳﻴﺄﰐ ﺇﻥ ﺷﺎ َﺀ ﺍ ُ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼ ‪‬‬
‫ﺏ ﺍﻟﻔﺴﻖ ﻭﺧـﻮﺍﺭ ِﻡ ﺍﳌـﺮﻭﺀﺓ‪،‬‬ ‫)‪ (٥‬ﺍﻟﻌﺪ ﹸﻝ‪ :‬ﻛ ﱡﻞ ﻣﺴﻠ ٍﻢ ﺑﺎﻟ ٍﻎ ﻋﺎﻗ ٍﻞ ﺳﻠﻴﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺳﺒﺎ ِ‬
‫ﻒ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻓ ‪‬ﺮ ﻭﻏ ‪‬ﲑ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻟ ِﻎ‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ ﺍﳌﻤ‪‬ﻴ ِﺰ ﻧﺰﺍﻉ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍ‪‬ﻨﻮ ﹶﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺎﺳـ ‪‬ﻖ‬ ‫ﺝ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻓﺄﺧﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﻭﻫﻮ‪ :‬ﻣﻦ ﻳﻔﻌ ﹸﻞ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ ﹶﺓ ﻭﻳ‪‬ﺼ ‪‬ﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺼﻐﲑﺓِ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺴﻖ ﻧﻮﻋﺎﻥ‪ :‬ﺑﺸﺒﻬ ٍﺔ ﻛﺎﳋﻮﺍﺭﺝ‬
‫ﺏ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻋ‪‬ﻴ ﹶﺔ‬
‫ﻒ ﺍﻵﺩﺍ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺝ ﻣ‪‬ﻦ ﳜﺎﻟ ‪‬‬‫ﻭﺍﻟﺸﻴﻌﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﺸﻬﻮ ٍﺓ ﻛﺸﺮﺏ ﺍﳋﻤﺮ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﺮﻗﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺧﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﻑ ﺍ‪‬ﺘﻤ ِﻊ ﺍﳌﺴﻠ ِﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻋﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﻆ ﻣﺎ ﲰﻌ ‪‬ﻪ ﺣﻔﻈﹰﺎ‬ ‫ﻂ ﺍﻟﺼﺪ ِﺭ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺃﻥ ﻳ‪‬ﺤﻔ ﹶ‬ ‫ﻂ‪ :‬ﺍﳊﻔﻆﹸ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻗﺴﻤﺎﻥ‪ :‬ﺿﺒ ﹸ‬ ‫)‪ (٦‬ﺍﻟﻀﺒ ﹸ‬
‫ﺏ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺻﻴﺎﻧﺘ ‪‬ﻪ ﻋﻨﺪﻩ ﻣﻨﺬ ﲰﻊ ﻓﻴـﻪ‬ ‫ﻂ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎ ِ‬
‫ﳝﻜﻨ ‪‬ﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﺤﻀﺎﺭﻩ ﻣﱴ ﺷﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﺿﺒ ﹸ‬
‫ﻭﺻﺤ‪‬ﺤﻪ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺆﺩ‪‬ﻳﻪ‪.‬‬
‫=‬
‫ﺍﻟـﺘـﻌـﺮﻳـﻔـﺎﺕ ﺍﻟـﻨـﺪﻳـﺔ ﻋـﻠـﻰ ﺍﻟـﻤـﻨـﻈـﻮﻣـﺔ ﺍﻟـﺒـﻴـﻘـﻮﻧـﻴـﺔ ‪٥‬‬

‫)‪(٢‬‬
‫ﺕ‬
‫ﺢ ﺍﺷ‪‬ـﺘﻬ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺭﺟﺎﹸﻟ ‪‬ﻪ ﻻ ﻛﺎﻟﺼ‪‬ﺤﻴ ِ‬ ‫ﻑ ﹸﻃ ‪‬ﺮﻗﹰﺎ)‪ (١‬ﻭ ﹶﻏ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬‬
‫ﺕ‬ ‫ﺴ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤ‪‬‬‫‪‬ﻭﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬‬
‫)‪(٣‬‬
‫ﻒ ﻭ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬ﻮ ﺃﻗﺴﺎﻣﹰﺎ ﹶﻛﹸﺜ ‪‬ﺮ‬
‫ﻓ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻮ ﺍﻟﻀ‪‬ﻌﻴ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺼ ‪‬ﺮ‬
‫ﺴ ِﻦ ﻗﹶـ ‪‬‬
‫ﻭﻛ ﱡﻞ ‪‬ﻣﺎ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﺭﺗ‪‬ﺒ ِﺔ ﺍﹸﻟﺤـ ‪‬‬
‫)‪(٥‬‬ ‫)‪(٤‬‬
‫ﻉ‬
‫‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻣ ـﺎ ِﻟ‪‬ﺘ ـﺎِﺑ ٍﻊ ‪‬ﻫ ـ ‪‬ﻮ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ﹾﻘ ﹸﻄ ـ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻉ‬
‫ﱯ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﺮﻓﹸـ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬‬
‫ﻒ ﻟﻠـﻨ‪ ‬‬
‫‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻣﺎ ﹸﺃﺿِـ ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬‬

‫=‬
‫ﻭﻫﺬﻩ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺃﻟﻔﺎﻅ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺪﻳﻞ‪ :‬ﺃﻭﺛﻖ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ‪ ،‬ﺛﻘﺔ ﺣﺎﻓﻆ‪ ،‬ﺛﻘﺔ ﺛﻘﺔ‪ ،‬ﺛﻘـﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﺃﻣﲑ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﰲ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ‪ ،‬ﻋﺪﻝ ﺿﺎﺑﻂ‪ ،‬ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ‪...‬ﺇﱁ‪.‬‬
‫ﺝ‬
‫ﻑ ﺭﻭﺍﺗ ‪‬ﻪ ﺍﳌﺨﺮ‪‬ﺟﻮﻥ ﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻛﻨﺎﻳ ﹲﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺍﺗ‪‬ﺼﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺨـﺮ ‪‬‬ ‫)‪ (١‬ﺃﻱ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻭ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﺮﺳ ﹸﻞ ﻭﺍﳌﻨﻘﻄ ‪‬ﻊ‪...‬ﺇﱁ‪.‬‬
‫ﺾ ﺃﻟﻔﺎﻅ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺪﻳﻞ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻕ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﻭﺍﳊﺴﻦ ﻫﻮ ﺧ ﹼﻔ ﹸﺔ ﺍﻟﻀﺒﻂ ﻓﻘﻂ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﻌ ‪‬‬ ‫)‪ (٢‬ﻓﺎﻟﻔﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﻻ ﺑﺄﺱ ﺑﻪ‪ ،‬ﺻﺪﻭﻕ‪...‬ﺇﱁ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﱂ ﲡﺘﻤﻊ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺻﻔﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻘﹶﺒﻮﻝ‪.‬‬
‫ﱯ  ﻣﻦ ﻗﻮﻝ ﺃﻭ ﻓﻌﻞ ﺃﻭ ﺗﻘﺮﻳـﺮ ﺃﻭ ﺻـﻔ ٍﺔ ) ‪‬ﺧﻠﹾﻘﻴ‪‬ـﺔ ﺃﻭ‬ ‫)‪ (٤‬ﻫﻮ ﻣﺎ ﺃﺿﻴﻒ ﻟﻠﻨ ‪‬‬
‫ﰊ ﺃﻭ ﺗﺎﺑﻌ ‪‬ﻲ ﺃﻭ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻌﺪﳘﺎ‪ ،‬ﺳﻮﺍﺀ ﺍﺗ‪‬ﺼﻞ ﺳﻨﺪ ‪‬ﻩ ﺃﻡ‬ ‫‪‬ﺧﻠﹸﻘﻴ‪‬ﺔ(‪ ،‬ﺳﻮﺍﺀ ﺃﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﺻﺤﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﰊ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﻭﻱ ﺑﺄ ﹼﻥ ﺍﻟﺮﺳﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﻉ ﻟﻔﻈﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﺻﺮ‪‬ﺡ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻻ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﺴﻤﲔ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﺮﻓﻮ ‪‬‬
‫ﰊ ﺑﺄ ﹼﻥ ﺍﻟﺮﺳﻮﻝ‬ ‫ ﻗﺎﻟﻪ ﺃﻭ ﻓﻌﻠﻪ ﺃﻭ ﺃﻗ ‪‬ﺮﻩ‪ ،‬ﺍﳌﺮﻓﻮﻉ ﺣﻜﻤﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﱂ ﻳ‪‬ﺼﺮ‪‬ﺡ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﰊ ﺃﻭ ﻓﻌﻠـﻪ ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ ﻗﺎﻟﻪ ﺃﻭ ﻓﻌﻠﻪ ﺃﻭ ﺃﻗﺮ‪‬ﻩ ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﻻ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﻦ ﻗﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﺇﻗﺮﺍﺭﻩ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﻫﻮ ﻣﺎ ﺃﺿﻴﻒ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺑﻌ ‪‬ﻲ ﺃﻭ ﻣﻦ ﺩﻭﻧﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻗﻮﻝ ﺃﻭ ﻓﻌﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﺧﻼ ﻋـﻦ ﻗﺮﻳﻨـﺔ‬
‫ﱯ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮﻓﻊ ﻭﺍﻟﻮﻗﻒ‪ .‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻏﲑ ﺍﳌﻨﻘﻄﻊ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺎﺑﻌ ‪‬ﻲ‪ :‬ﻣ‪‬ﻦ ﻟﻘ ‪‬ﻲ ﺻﺤﺎﺑﻴﹰﺎ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﺆﻣﻨﹰﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻨ ‪‬‬
‫ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺮﺍﻩ ﻭﻣﺎﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ‪.‬‬
 ‫ﺍﻟـﺘـﻌـﺮﻳـﻔـﺎﺕ ﺍﻟـﻨـﺪﻳـﺔ ﻋـﻠـﻰ ﺍﻟـﻤـﻨـﻈـﻮﻣـﺔ ﺍﻟـﺒـﻴـﻘـﻮﻧـﻴـﺔ‬ ‫‪٦‬‬

‫)‪(١‬‬
‫ﺼ ﹶﻄ ﹶﻔﻰ ‪‬ﻭﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻢ ﻳ‪‬ـِﺒ ‪‬ﻦ‬
‫‪‬ﺭﺍ ِﻭ‪‬ﻳ ِﻪ ‪‬ﺣﺘ‪‬ﻰ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺼ ﹸﻞ ﺍ ِْﻹﺳ‪‬ـ‪‬ﻨﺎ ِﺩ ﻣِـ ‪‬ﻦ‬
‫ﻭﺍﹾﻟﻤ‪‬ﺴ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤﺘ‪ِ ‬‬
‫)‪(٢‬‬
‫ﺼ ﹾﻞ‬
‫ﺼ ﹶﻄ ﹶﻔﻰ ﹶﻓﺎﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤﺘ‪‬ـ ِ‬
‫ِﺇ ‪‬ﺳ‪‬ﻨﺎ ‪‬ﺩ ‪‬ﻩ ِﻟ ﹾﻠﻤ‪‬ـ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺼ ﹾﻞ‬
‫ﺴ ‪‬ﻤ ِﻊ ﹸﻛ ـﻞﱢ ‪‬ﺭﺍ ٍﻭ ‪‬ﻳﺘ‪ ‬ـ ِ‬
‫‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻣ ـﺎ ِﺑ ـ ‪‬‬
‫ـﻰ‬
‫ـ ﹾﺄِﻧ ‪‬ﻲ ﺍﹾﻟ ﹶﻔﺘ‪‬ـ‬
‫ﷲ ﹶﺃ‪‬ﻧﺒ‪‬ـ‬
‫ـﺎ ‪‬ﻭﺍ ِ‬
‫ـ ﹸﻞ ﹶﺃﻣ‪‬ـ‬
‫ِﻣﺜﹾـ‬ ‫ﻒ ﹶﺃﺗ‪‬ـﻰ‬
‫ﺻ ٍ‬
‫ﺴ ﹲﻞ ﹸﻗ ﹾﻞ ‪‬ﻣﺎ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠﻰ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ ﹾﻠ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻣ ‪‬‬
‫)‪(٣‬‬
‫ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺑﻌ‪‬ــ ‪‬ﺪ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ ﺣ‪‬ــﺪ‪‬ﹶﺛِﻨ ‪‬ﻲ ‪‬ﺗﺒ‪‬ــﺴ‪ ‬ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻛﹶــ ﹶﺬﺍ ‪‬ﻙ ﻗﹶــ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﺣﺪ‪‬ﹶﺛِﻨﻴ‪‬ــ ِﻪ ﹶﻗﺎِﺋﻤ‪‬ــﹰﺎ‬
‫)‪(٤‬‬
‫ﻼﺛﹶـ ﹾﺔ‬
‫ﻕ ﻣ‪‬ـﺎ ﹶﺛ ﹶ‬
‫ﻱ ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺸ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺮ ِﻭ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻣ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻼﹶﺛـ ﹾﺔ‬
‫ﻱ ﺍﹾﺛ‪‬ﻨـ ‪‬ﻴ ِﻦ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ﹶﺛ ﹶ‬
‫‪‬ﻋ ِﺰ‪‬ﻳـ ‪‬ﺰ ‪‬ﻣـ ‪‬ﺮ ِﻭ ‪‬‬
‫)‪(٥‬‬
‫‪..............................‬‬ ‫‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﻛ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﺳ ِﻌ ‪‬ﻴ ٍﺪ ﻋ‪‬ـ ‪‬ﻦ ﻛﹶـ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻡ‬

‫ﱯ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﲨﻬﻮﺭ ﺍﶈـﺪ‪‬ﺛﲔ‬ ‫)‪ (١‬ﺃﺻﺤ‪‬ﻬﺎ‪ :‬ﻫﻮ ﻣﺎ ﺍﺗ‪‬ﺼ ﹶﻞ ﺳﻨﺪ ‪‬ﻩ ﻣﺮﻓﻮﻋﹰﺎ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻨ ‪‬‬
‫ﻭﳏﻘﹼﻘﻴﻬﻢ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻔ ‪‬ﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ‪ :‬ﻫﻮ ﻣﺎ ﺍﺗ‪‬ﺼﻞ ﺇﺳﻨﺎﺩ ‪‬ﻩ ﺑﺴﻤﺎﻉ ﻛ ﱢﻞ ﻭﺍﺣ ٍﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺭﻭﺍﺗﻪ ﳑﻦ‬
‫ﻓﻮﻗﻪ ﻣﺮﻓﻮﻋﹰﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﻭ ﻣﻮﻗﻮﻓﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳ‪‬ﻘﺎﻝ ﻟﻪ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﻮﺻﻮﻝ ﻭﺍﳌﺆﺗﺼﻞ‪ .‬ﻭﺃﻣ‪‬ـﺎ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛـﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻨﺘﻬﻰ ﺗﺎﺑﻌﻴﹰﺎ ﻓﺠﻤﻬﻮ ‪‬ﺭ ﺍﶈﺪ‪‬ﺛﲔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻧ‪‬ﻪ ﻻ ﻳ‪‬ﺴﻤ‪‬ﻰ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻹﻃﻼﻕ‪ ،‬ﺑﻞ ﻳ‪‬ﻘـﺎﻝ‬
‫ﻼ‪ :‬ﻣﺘ‪‬ﺼ ﹸﻞ ﺍﻹﺳﻨﺎ ِﺩ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺰ‪‬ﻫﺮﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺴ ‪‬ﺮ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻛﺮﺍﻫﻴﺔ ﺇﻃﻼﻕ ﺍﺳﻢ ﺍﻟﻀ ‪‬ﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﺜ ﹰ‬
‫ﺿ ‪‬ﺪﻩِ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺑﻌﻀﻬ‪‬ﻢ‪:‬‬
‫ِﺇ ‪‬ﺳ‪‬ﻨﺎ ‪‬ﺩ ‪‬ﻩ ﻟﻠ ‪‬ﻤ‪‬ﻨ‪‬ﺘﻬﻰ ﻓﺎ ﹸﳌ‪‬ﺘﺼِﻞ‬ ‫ﺼ ﹾﻞ‬
‫‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻣﺎ ِﺑ ‪‬ﺴ ‪‬ﻤ ِﻊ ﹸﻛ ﱢﻞ ‪‬ﺭﺍ ٍﻭ ﻳ‪‬ﺘ ِ‬
‫ﻒ ﻗﻮﱄ‪،‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﻫﻮ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺗﺘﺎﺑﻊ ﺭﺟﺎ ﹸﻝ ﺳﻨﺪ ِﻩ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻭﻟ ِﻪ ﺇﱃ ﺁﺧﺮ ِﻩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺻ ٍ‬
‫ﻒ ﻓﻌﻠﻲ‪.‬‬
‫ﺃﻭ ﺣﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻭﺻ ٍ‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ‪ :‬ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻻ ﻳﺮﻭﻳﻪ ﺃﻗ ﹼﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺍﺛﻨﲔ ﻋﻦ ﺍﺛﻨﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﺸﻬﻮﺭ‪ :‬ﻣـﺎ ﺭﻭﺍﻩ‬
‫ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﻓﺄﻛﺜﺮ ﰲ ﻛ ﹼﻞ ﻃﺒﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺪ ﻣﺎ ﱂ ﻳﺒﻠﻎ ﺣ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺍﺗﺮ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺒﻌﺾ‪:‬‬
‫ﻱ ‪‬ﻋ ِﻦ ﺍﻟﹼﺜﻼﹶﺛﺔ‬
‫‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺸ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺮ ِﻭ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻱ ﹾﺍﹶﺛ‪‬ﻨﲔ ﻳﺎ ‪‬ﺑﺤ‪‬ﺎﹶﺛﺔ‬
‫‪‬ﻋ ِﺰ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺰ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺮ ِﻭ ‪‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺭﺍ ٍﻭ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺭﻭﺍﺗﻪ ﺃﻭ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ‪) :‬ﻋﻦ ﻓﻼﻥ( ﻣﻦ ﻏﲑ ﺑﻴﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻟﻠﺘﺤﺪﻳﺚ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﻉ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟـﺘـﻌـﺮﻳـﻔـﺎﺕ ﺍﻟـﻨـﺪﻳـﺔ ﻋـﻠـﻰ ﺍﻟـﻤـﻨـﻈـﻮﻣـﺔ ﺍﻟـﺒـﻴـﻘـﻮﻧـﻴـﺔ ‪٧‬‬

‫)‪(١‬‬
‫ﺴ ‪‬ﻢ‬
‫‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻣﺎ ِﻓﻴ‪‬ـ ِﻪ ‪‬ﺭﺍ ٍﻭ ﻟﹶـ ‪‬ﻢ ﻳ‪‬ـ ‪‬‬ ‫‪..............................‬‬
‫)‪(٢‬‬
‫ﻱ ﻗﹶـ ‪‬ﺪ ﻧ‪‬ـ ‪‬ﺰ ﹶﻻ‬
‫ﺿﺪ‪ ‬ﻩ ﹶﺫﺍ ‪‬ﻙ ﺍﻟﹼـ ِﺬ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻭ ِ‬ ‫ﻼ‬
‫ﺖ ِﺭ ‪‬ﺟﺎﻟﹸـ ‪‬ﻪ ﻋ‪‬ـ ﹶ‬
‫‪‬ﻭ ﹸﻛ ﱡﻞ ﻣ‪‬ـﺎ ﹶﻗﻠﱠـ ‪‬‬
‫)‪(٣‬‬
‫ﻑ ‪‬ﺯﻛِـ ‪‬ﻦ‬
‫ﹶﻗ ‪‬ﻮ ٍﻝ ‪‬ﻭ ِﻓ ‪‬ﻌ ٍﻞ ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻮ ﹸﻗ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺏ ﻣِـ ‪‬ﻦ‬
‫ﺤﺎ ِ‬
‫ﺿ ﹾﻔ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻪ ِﺇﱃ ﺍ َﻷﺻ‪‬ـ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻣﺎ ﹶﺃ ‪‬‬
‫)‪(٥‬‬ ‫)‪(٤‬‬
‫ﻂ‬
‫ﺐ ‪‬ﻣﺎ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﻭﻯ ‪‬ﺭﺍ ٍﻭ ﹶﻓﻘﹶـ ﹾ‬
‫‪‬ﻭ ﹸﻗ ﹾﻞ ﹶﻏ ِﺮ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻂ‬
‫ﺤﺎﰊ‪ ‬ﺳ‪‬ـ ﹶﻘ ﹾ‬
‫‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﺳ ﹲﻞ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻪ ﺍﻟـﺼ‪ ‬‬
‫)‪(٦‬‬
‫ﺇﺳ‪‬ــ‪‬ﻨﺎ ‪‬ﺩ ‪‬ﻩ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻨ ﹶﻘﻄِــ ‪‬ﻊ ﺍ َﻷ ‪‬ﻭﺻ‪‬ــﺎ ِﻝ‬ ‫ﺼ ﹾﻞ ِﺑﺤ‪‬ـﺎ ِﻝ‬
‫‪‬ﻭ ﹸﻛ ﱡﻞ ﻣ‪‬ـﺎ ﻟﹶـ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻳﺘ‪‬ـ ِ‬

‫ﺺ ﹾﱂ ﻳ‪‬ﺴ ‪‬ﻢ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﰲ ﺳﻨﺪ ِﻩ ﺃﻭ ﻣﺘﻨ ِﻪ ﺷﺨ ‪‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻟﻌﺎﱄ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻗ ﹼﻞ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺭﻭﺍﺗﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺳﻨﺪ ﺁﺧﺮ ﻳ ِﺮ ‪‬ﺩ ﺑﻪ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﺑﻌﺪﺩ‬
‫ﺃﻛﺜﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺎﺯﻝ ﻋﻜﺴ ‪‬ﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﰊ‪ :‬ﻣﻦ ﻟﻘﻲ‬‫ﰊ ﻣﻦ ﻗﻮ ٍﻝ ﺃﻭ ﻓﻌ ٍﻞ ﺃﻭ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎ ‪‬‬ ‫)‪ (٣‬ﻫﻮ ﻣﺎ ﺃﹸﺿﻴﻒ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﱯ  ﻣﺆﻣﻨﹰﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻭﻣﺎﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ﻭﻟﻮ ﲣﻠﹼﻠﺖ ﺭ ‪‬ﺩ ﹲﺓ ﰲ ﺍﻷﺻ ‪‬ﺢ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨ ‪‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﻫﻮ ﻣﺎ ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺑﻌﻲ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ  ﻭﱂ ﻳﺬﻛﺮ ﻣ‪‬ﻦ ﺣﺪ‪‬ﺛ ‪‬ﻪ ﺑﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﻣﺎ ﺭﻭﺍﻩ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺭﺃﻯ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ  ﻭﻟﻜ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻪ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻏﲑ ﳑﻴﺰ ﺣﲔ ﺍﻟﺮﺅﻳﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻱ ﻣﻮﺿ ٍﻊ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺪ ﻭﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﻔـﺮ‪‬ﺩ‬ ‫ﺺ ﻭﺍﺣ ‪‬ﺪ ﰲ ﺃ ‪‬‬‫)‪ (٥‬ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺍﻧﻔﺮ‪‬ﺩ ﺑﺮﻭﺍﻳﺘﻪ ﺷﺨ ‪‬‬
‫ﺑﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﻫﻮ ﻣﺎ ﺳﻘﻂ ﻣﻦ ﺇﺳﻨﺎﺩ ِﻩ ﻭﺍﺣ ‪‬ﺪ ﺃﻭ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻏﲑ ﻣﺘﻮﺍﻟﻴﲔ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺇﺳﻨﺎﺩ ِﻩ ﻻ ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻓﲔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺭﻭﻯ ﻋﻦ ﻣﻦ ﱂ ﻳﻠﻘ ‪‬ﻪ ﻓﻬﻮ ﺍﳌﺮﺳﻞ ﺍﳋﻔﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻦ ﻣـﻦ ﱂ ﻳﻌﺎﺻـ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻩ‬
‫ﻕ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ‬ ‫ﻑ ﺑﺎﳌﻮﺍﻟﻴﺪ ﺃﻭ ﺑﺘﻨﺼﻴﺺ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﻔﻦ ﺃﻭ ﺑﺰﻳﺎﺩ ٍﺓ ﰲ ﻃﺮ ٍ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﳌﺮﺳ ﹸﻞ ﺍﳉﻠﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳ‪‬ﻌﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﻣﺎ ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﻣﻦ )ﺍﳌﺰﻳﺪ ﰲ ﻣﺘ‪‬ﺼ ِﻞ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﻧﻴﺪ(‪ .‬ﻭﺷﺮﻃ ‪‬ﻪ ﺍﻟﺘـﺼﺮﻳﺢ ﺑﺎﻟـﺴﻤﺎﻉ ﻭﺇ ﹼﻻ‬
‫ﺭﺟ‪‬ﺤﻨﺎ ﺍﻟﺰﻳﺎﺩ ﹶﺓ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺋﻦ‪.‬‬
 ‫ﺍﻟـﺘـﻌـﺮﻳـﻔـﺎﺕ ﺍﻟـﻨـﺪﻳـﺔ ﻋـﻠـﻰ ﺍﻟـﻤـﻨـﻈـﻮﻣـﺔ ﺍﻟـﺒـﻴـﻘـﻮﻧـﻴـﺔ‬ ‫‪٨‬‬

‫)‪(١‬‬
‫‪‬ﻭﻣ‪‬ــﺎ ﹶﺃﺗ‪‬ــﻰ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺪﻟﱠــﺴﹰﺎ ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬ﻮﻋ‪‬ــﺎ ِﻥ‬ ‫ﻂ ِﻣﻨ‪‬ـ ‪‬ﻪ ﺍﹾﺛﻨ‪‬ـﺎ ِﻥ‬
‫ﻀ ﹸﻞ ﺍﻟﺴ‪‬ﺎ ِﻗ ﹸ‬
‫‪‬ﻭﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻨﻘﹶــ ﹶﻞ ‪‬ﻋﻤ‪‬ــ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﻮﻗﹶــ ‪‬ﻪ ِﺑﻌ‪‬ــ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻭﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ‬ ‫ﺦ ‪‬ﻭﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ‬
‫ﻁ ِﻟﻠــﺸ‪ ‬ﻴ ِ‬
‫ﺍ َﻷﻭ‪ ‬ﹸﻝ ﺍ ِْﻹﺳ‪‬ــ ﹶﻘﺎ ﹸ‬
‫)‪(٢‬‬
‫ﻑ‬
‫ﺻﺎ ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﻪ ِﺑﻤ‪‬ـﺎ ﺑِـ ِﻪ ﹶﻻ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻨﻌ‪‬ـ ِﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻒ‬
‫ﺼ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ ِﻘ ﹸﻄ ‪‬ﻪ ﹶﻟﻜِـ ‪‬ﻦ ﻳ‪‬ـ ِ‬
‫‪‬ﻭﺍﻟﺜﹼﺎ ِﻥ ﹶﻻ ﻳ‪‬ـ ‪‬‬
‫)‪(٣‬‬
‫ﻼ‬
‫ﺴ ‪‬ﻤﺎ ِﻥ ﺗ‪‬ـ ﹶ‬
‫ﺏ ِﻗ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻭﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ﹾﻘ ﹸﻠ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬‬ ‫ﹶﻓﺎﻟﺸ‪‬ﺎ ﱡﺫ‬ ‫ﻼ‬
‫ﻒ ِﺛﻘﹶـ ﹲﺔ ِﻓﻴ‪‬ـ ِﻪ ﺍﹾﻟﻤ‪‬ـ ﹶ‬
‫‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻣﺎ ‪‬ﻳﺨ‪‬ـﺎِﻟ ‪‬‬
‫)‪(٤‬‬
‫ﺴ ‪‬ﻢ‬
‫ﺐ ِﺇ ‪‬ﺳ ـ‪‬ﻨﺎ ٍﺩ ِﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ـ ‪‬ﺘ ٍﻦ ِﻗ ـ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻭ ﹶﻗ ﹾﻠ ـ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺴ ‪‬ﻢ‬
‫ِﺇﺑ‪‬ــ ‪‬ﺪﺍ ﹸﻝ ‪‬ﺭﺍ ٍﻭ ﻣ‪‬ــﺎ ﺑِــ ‪‬ﺮﺍ ٍﻭ ﻗِــ ‪‬‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺃﺻﺤ‪‬ﻬﺎ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﺳﻘﻂ ﻣﻦ ﺇﺳﻨﺎﺩ ِﻩ ﺭﺍﻭﻳﺎﻥ ﺃﻭ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺍﱄ ﻭﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﻘﻮﻁ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﻏﲑ ﺃﻭﻟﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺲ‬
‫ﲔ ﻟﻈـﺎﻫﺮﻩِ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺷـﻬﺮﻫﺎ ﺗـﺪﻟﻴ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺐ ﰲ ﺍﻹﺳﻨﺎ ِﺩ ﻭﲢﺴ ‪‬‬ ‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻟﺘﺪﻟﻴﺲ‪ :‬ﺇﺧﻔﺎﺀُ ﻋﻴ ٍ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺳﻨﺎ ِﺩ‪ :‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺭﻭﺍﻳﺘ ‪‬ﻪ ﻋﻤﻦ ﻗﺪ ﲰ ‪‬ﻊ ﻣﻨ ‪‬ﻪ ﻣﺎ ﱂ ﻳﺴﻤ ‪‬ﻊ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺬﻛ ‪‬ﺮ ﺃﻧ‪‬ـﻪ ﲰﻌـ ‪‬ﻪ‬
‫ﻉ ﻣﺜﻞ )ﻋﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ( ﻭﺗﺪﻟﻴﺲ ﺍﻟـﺸﻴﻮﺥ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻆ ﻳﻮﻫﻢ ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺻﺮﺍﺣﺔﹰ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﺄﰐ ﺑﻠﻔ ٍ‬
‫ﻱ ﻋﻦ ﺷﻴ ٍﺦ ﺣﺪﻳﺜﹰﺎ ﲰﻌ ‪‬ﻪ ﻣﻨ ‪‬ﻪ ﻓﻴ‪‬ﺴﻤﻴﻪ ﺃﻭ ﻳﻜﻨﻴﻪ ﺃﻭ ﻳﻨﺴﺒﻪ ﺃﻭ ﻳﺼﻔﻪ ﲟﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻮ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺮﻭ ‪‬‬
‫ﻑ ﺑﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﺪﻟﻴﺲ ﺍﻟﺘﺴﻮﻳﺔ‪ :‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺭﻭﺍﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﻭﻱ ﻋﻦ ﺷـﻴﺨ ِﻪ ﰒ ﺇﺳـﻘﺎﻁ ﺭﺍ ٍﻭ‬ ‫ﻻ ﻳ‪‬ﻌﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺿﻌﻴﻒ ﺑﲔ ﺛﻘﺘﲔ ﻟﻘﻲ ﺃﺣﺪﳘﺎ ﺍﻵﺧﺮ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺑ ‪‬ﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ ﺭﲪﻪ ﺍﷲ ﰲ )ﺍﻟﱰﻫﺔ(‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﳌﻘﺒﻮﻝ ﳐﺎﻟﻔﹰﺎ ﳌـﻦ ﻫـﻮ ﺃﻭﱃ‬
‫ﻣﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﰲ ﺍﳌﱳ ﻭﰲ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺐ‬
‫ﺐ ﺇﺳﻨﺎ ٍﺩ ﻭﻣﱳٍ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﻠـ ‪‬‬ ‫)‪ (٤‬ﺍﳌﻘﻠﻮﺏ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﺪ ﹶﻝ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺷﻲ ٌﺀ ﺑﺂﺧﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻧﻮﻋﺎﻥ‪ :‬ﻗﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﺐ ﺍﳌﱳ ﻟ ‪‬ﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺳﻨﺎ ِﺩ ﻟﻪ ﻭﺟﻬﺎﻥ‪ :‬ﺃﻥ ﻳ‪‬ﻘﺪ‪‬ﻡ ﺭﺍ ٍﻭ ﻭﻳﺆﺧ‪‬ﺮ ﺁﺧﺮ ﻭﺃﻥ ﻳﺒﺪ ﹶﻝ ﺭﺍ ٍﻭ ﺑﺮﺍﻭٍ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﱳ ﰲ ﻏ ِﲑ ﻣﻮﺿﻌﻬﺎ ﻭ ﺃﻥ ﳚﻌـ ﹶﻞ ﺍﻟـﺮﺍﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﻭﺟﻬﺎﻥ‪ :‬ﺃﻥ ﳚﻌ ﹶﻞ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﻭﻱ ﻛﻠﻤ ﹰﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌ ِ‬
‫ﺚ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﺳﻨﺎ ٍﺩ ﻏﲑ ﺇﺳﻨﺎﺩ ِﻩ‪.‬‬‫ﺍﳊﺪﻳ ﹶ‬
‫ﺍﻟـﺘـﻌـﺮﻳـﻔـﺎﺕ ﺍﻟـﻨـﺪﻳـﺔ ﻋـﻠـﻰ ﺍﻟـﻤـﻨـﻈـﻮﻣـﺔ ﺍﻟـﺒـﻴـﻘـﻮﻧـﻴـﺔ ‪٩‬‬

‫)‪(١‬‬
‫ﺼ ٍﺮ ‪‬ﻋﻠﹶـﻰ ِﺭ ‪‬ﻭﺍﻳ‪‬ـ ٍﺔ‬
‫ﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬ﻤ ٍﻊ ﺍ ‪‬ﻭ ﹶﻗ ‪‬‬ ‫‪‬ﻭﺍﹾﻟﻔﹶــ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﺩ ﻣ‪‬ــﺎ ﹶﻗﻴ‪ ‬ﺪﺗ‪‬ــ ‪‬ﻪ ِﺑِﺜﻘﹶــ ٍﺔ‬
‫)‪(٢‬‬
‫ـﺎ‬
‫ـ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻋ ِﺮﻓﹶـ‬
‫ـ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬ﻢ ﻗﹶـ‬
‫ـ ﹲﻞ ِﻋﻨ‪‬ـ‬
‫‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻌﻠﱠـ‬ ‫ﺽ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺧﻔﹶــﺎ‬
‫‪‬ﻭﻣ‪‬ــﺎ ِﺑ ِﻌﻠﱠــ ٍﺔ ﹸﻏﻤ‪‬ــ ‪‬ﻮ ٍ‬
‫)‪(٣‬‬
‫ﺏ ِﻋﻨ‪‬ـ ‪‬ﺪ ﹸﺃ ِﻫﻴ‪‬ـ ِﻞ ﺍﹾﻟﻔﹶـﻦ‪‬‬
‫ﻀ ﹶﻄ ِﺮ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻣ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻑ ‪‬ﺳ ـ‪‬ﻨ ٍﺪ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻣ ـ ‪‬ﺘ ِﻦ‬
‫ﻼ ِ‬
‫‪‬ﻭ ﹸﺫ ‪‬ﻭ ﺍ ‪‬ﺧ ـِﺘ ﹶ‬

‫ﺤ ﹸﺔ ﺇﻥ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﻟﻔﺮ ‪‬ﺩ ﻗﺴﻤﺎﻥ‪ :‬ﻣﻄﻠ ‪‬ﻖ‪ :‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﺎ ﺍﻧﻔﺮ ‪‬ﺩ ﺑﻪ ﺃﻭ ﺑﺴﻨﺪ ِﻩ ﺭﺍﻭٍ‪ ،‬ﻭﺣﻜﻤ ‪‬ﻪ ﺍﻟﺼ ‪‬‬
‫ﻂ ﻭﱂ ﻳ‪‬ﺨﺎﻟﻒ ﻏ ‪‬ﲑ ‪‬ﻩ ﺍﻷﺭﺟ ‪‬ﺢ ﻣﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳊﺴ ‪‬ﻦ ﺇﻥ ﻗﺎﺭﺑـ ‪‬ﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﻭﻱ ﺛﻘ ﹰﺔ ﺗﺎ ‪‬ﻡ ﺍﻟﻀﺒ ِ‬
‫ﻒ‬
‫ﻒ ﻏ ‪‬ﲑ ‪‬ﻩ ﺍﻷﺭﺟ ‪‬ﺢ ﻣﻨ ‪‬ﻪ ﻣ ‪‬ﻊ ﻛﻮﻧ ِﻪ ﺛﻘﺔﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻜﺎﺭ ﹸﺓ ﺇﻥ ﺧﺎﻟ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻛﺬﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺸﺬﻭ ﹸﺫ ﺇﻥ ﺧﺎﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﻒ ﻣـﻊ ﺍﺗ‪‬ﻬﺎﻣـ ِﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﻜـﺬﺏِ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻏ ‪‬ﲑ ‪‬ﻩ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺟ ‪‬ﺢ ﻣﻊ ﻛﻮﻧ ِﻪ ﺿﻌﻴﻔﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺮ ‪‬ﻙ ﺇﻥ ﱂ ﻳ‪‬ﺨﺎﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﱯ‪ :‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﻔ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﺩ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒ ِﺔ ﳉﻬ ٍﺔ ﳐﺼﻮﺻ ٍﺔ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﳌﻘﺼﻮﺩ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺖ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺴ ‪‬‬
‫ﺕ ﺇ ﹼﻻ ﻭﺍﺣ ‪‬ﺪ ﺃﻭ ﲨﺎﻋ ﹲﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻠ ٍﺪ ﻣﻌ‪‬ﻴ ٍﻦ ﺃﻭ ﺭﺍ ٍﻭ ﻣﻌﲔ ﻛﻘﻮﳍﻢ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺑﺄﻥ ﱂ ﻳﺮﻭ ِﻩ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺜﻘﺎ ِ‬
‫ﻱ ﻣﻦ ﻭﺟﻮ ٍﻩ ﻋﻦ ﻏﲑ ِﻩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺗﻔ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﺩ ﺑﻪ ﻓﻼ ﹲﻥ ﻋﻦ ﻓﻼﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﺮﻭ ‪‬‬
‫ﺡ ﰲ ﺻﺤﺘ ِﻪ ﻣﻊ ﺃ ﹼﻥ ﺍﻟﻈﺎﻫﺮ ﺍﻟﺴﻼﻣﺔ ﻣﻨـﻬﺎ‪،‬‬ ‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﳌﻌ ﱡﻞ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﺍ ﱡﻃِﻠ ‪‬ﻊ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﹼﻠ ٍﺔ ﺗﻘﺪ ‪‬‬
‫ﺡ ﰲ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚِ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﻳ‪‬ﻌﻠﹼﻮﻥ ﲟﺎ ﻟﻴﺲ ﻋﹼﻠﺔﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﻳﻜـﻮﻥ ﰲ‬ ‫ﺐ ﺧﻔ ‪‬ﻲ ﻗﺎﺩ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻠ ﹸﺔ ﺳﺒ ‪‬‬
‫ﻕ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻈﺮ ﰲ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ‬ ‫ﻑ ﲜﻤ ِﻊ ﻃﺮ ِ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺪ ‪-‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﻷﻛﺜﺮ‪ -‬ﻭﰲ ﺍﳌﱳ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺚ‬
‫ﺾ ﺃﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﻋﻠﻮﻡ ﺍﳊﺪﻳ ِ‬ ‫ﺭﻭﺍﺗﻪ ﻭﺿﺒﻄﻬﻢ ﻭﺇﺗﻘﺎ‪‬ﻢ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺑ ‪‬ﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ‪)) :‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻏﻤ ِ‬
‫ﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﻓﻬﻤﹰﺎ ﺛﺎﻗﺒﹰﺎ ﻭﺣﻔﻈﹰﺎ ﻭﺍﺳﻌﹰﺎ((‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺩﻗﹼﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﻘﻮﻡ ﺑﻪ ﺇ ﹼﻻ ﻣﻦ ﺭﺯﻗ ‪‬ﻪ ﺍ ُ‬
‫ﺺ ﻏﲑ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﻔ ‪‬ﻦ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃ ﹼﻥ ﻟﻔﻈﺔ‪) :‬ﻣﻌﻠـﻮﻝ( ﳊـﻦ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻓﺎﺋﺪﺓ‪ :‬ﻧ ‪‬‬
‫ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﻗﻴﻞ ﰲ )ﺍﳌﻌﻠﹼﻞ(‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻔﺼﻴﻞ ﺫﻟﻚ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻄﻮ‪‬ﻻﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﺃﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬
‫ﺖ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﺍﻳﺔﹸ ﰲ ﻣﺘﻨ ِﻪ ﺃﻭ ﺳﻨﺪ ِﻩ ﺃﻭ ﰲ ﻛﻠﻴﻬﻤﺎ ﻣﻊ ﺗﺴﺎﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﺏ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﺍﺧﺘﻠﻔ ‪‬‬ ‫)‪ (٣‬ﻓﺎﳌﻀﻄﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺙ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﺑﺎﻻﺿﻄﺮﺍﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﻭﺍﻳﺘﲔ ﻭﺗﻌﺬﹼﺭ ﺍﳉﻤﻊ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗ ﹼﻞ ﺃﻥ ﳛﻜ ‪‬ﻢ ﺍﶈ ‪‬ﺪ ﹸ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒ ِﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻻﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﰲ ﺍﳌﱳ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺳﻨﺎﺩ‪.‬‬
 ‫‪١٠‬ﺍﻟـﺘـﻌـﺮﻳـﻔـﺎﺕ ﺍﻟـﻨـﺪﻳـﺔ ﻋـﻠـﻰ ﺍﻟـﻤـﻨـﻈـﻮﻣـﺔ ﺍﻟـﺒـﻴـﻘـﻮﻧـﻴـﺔ‬

‫)‪(١‬‬
‫ﺖ‬
‫ﺼ ﹶﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﻅ ﺍﻟﺮ‪ ‬ﻭﺍ ِﺓ ﺍﺗ‪‬ـ ‪‬‬
‫ﺾ ﹶﺃﹾﻟ ﹶﻔﺎ ِ‬
‫ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻌ ِ‬ ‫ﺖ‬
‫ﺚ ‪‬ﻣﺎ ﹶﺃﺗ‪‬ـ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤ ِﺪ‪‬ﻳ ِ‬
‫ﺕ ﰲ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻭﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﺟﺎ ‪‬‬
‫)‪(٢‬‬
‫ﺞ ﹶﻓﺎ ‪‬ﻋ ِﺮﻓﹾـ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﺣﻘﹼـﹰﺎ ‪‬ﻭﺍ‪‬ﻧ‪‬ﺘﺨِـ ‪‬ﻪ‬
‫‪‬ﻣﺪ‪‬ﺑ‪ ‬‬ ‫‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻣﺎ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﻭﻯ ﹸﻛ ﱡﻞ ﻗﹶـ ِﺮ‪‬ﻳ ٍﻦ ﻋ‪‬ـ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﺃﺧِـ ‪‬ﻪ‬
‫ﻕ‬
‫ﺿﺪ‪ ‬ﻩ ِﻓ ‪‬ﻴﻤ‪‬ـﺎ ﹶﺫ ﹶﻛ ‪‬ﺮﻧ‪‬ـﺎ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ﹾﻔﺘ‪‬ـ ِﺮ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻭ ِ‬ ‫‪‬ﻣﺘ‪‬ﻔِــ ‪‬ﻖ ﹶﻟ ﹾﻔﻈــﹰﺎ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺧﻄﹼــﹰﺎ ‪‬ﻣﺘ‪‬ﻔِــ ‪‬ﻖ‬
‫)‪(٣‬‬
‫ﻂ‬
‫ﺶ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻐﻠﹶـ ﹾ‬
‫ﻒ ﹶﻓﺎ ‪‬ﺧ ‪‬‬
‫ﺨ‪‬ﺘ ِﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﺿﺪ‪ ‬ﻩ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻭ ِ‬ ‫ﻂ‬
‫ﺨ ـﻂﱢ ﹶﻓ ﹶﻘ ـ ﹾ‬
‫ﻒ ‪‬ﻣﺘ‪ِ ‬ﻔ ـ ‪‬ﻖ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺆ‪‬ﺗ ِﻠ ـ ‪‬‬
‫)‪(٤‬‬
‫ﺤﻤِــ ﹸﻞ ﺍﻟﺘ‪‬ﻔﹶــﺮ‪ ‬ﺩﺍ‬
‫‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻌ ِﺪ‪‬ﻳﻠﹸــ ‪‬ﻪ ﻻ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬ ‫‪‬ﻭﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻨ ﹶﻜـ ‪‬ﺮ ﺍﹾﻟ ﹶﻔـ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﺩ ِﺑـ ِﻪ ‪‬ﺭﺍ ٍﻭ ﹶﻏـ ‪‬ﺪﺍ‬
‫)‪(٥‬‬
‫ﻀ ‪‬ﻌ ِﻔ ِﻪ ﹶﻓﻬ‪‬ـ ‪‬ﻮ ﻛﹶـ ‪‬ﺮﺩْ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻭﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻌﻮﺍ ﻟِـ ‪‬‬ ‫‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻭ ﹸﻛ ‪‬ﻪ ﻣ‪‬ـﺎ ‪‬ﻭﺍﺣِـ ‪‬ﺪ ﺑِـ ِﻪ ﺍ‪‬ﻧﻔﹶـ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﺩ‬

‫ﺖ ﻣﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻨﻘﺴ ‪‬ﻢ ﺇﱃ ﻣﺪﺭﺝ ﺇﺳﻨﺎﺩ ﻭﻣﱳ‪.‬‬‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﳌﺪﺭﺝ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﹲﺓ ﻟﻴﺴ ‪‬‬
‫ﺺ ﻣﻦ ﺭﻭﺍﻳﺔ ﺍﻷﻗﺮﺍﻥ‬‫ﻱ ﻛ ﱞﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻳﻨﲔ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻵﺧﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺃﺧ ‪‬‬ ‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﳌﺪﺑ‪‬ﺞ‪ :‬ﺃﻥ ﻳﺮﻭ ‪‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻷﻛﺎﺑﺮ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻷﺻﺎﻏﺮ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺍﻟﻀ ‪‬ﺪ ﻫﻨﺎ ﲟﻌﲎ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﺜﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﺘﻔﻖ ﻭﺍﳌﻔﺘﺮﻕ‪ :‬ﺃﻥ ﺗﺘﻔ ‪‬ﻖ ﺃﲰﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﺍﺓ ﻭﺃﲰﺎﺀ ﺁﺑﺎﺋﻬﻢ‬
‫ﻓﺼﺎﻋﺪﹰﺍ ﺧﻄﹰﺎ ﻭﻟﻔﻈﹰﺎ ﻭﲣﺘﻠﻒ ﺃﺷﺨﺎﺻﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﺆﺗﻠﻒ ﻭﺍﳌﺨﺘﻠﻒ‪ :‬ﻫـﻮ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺘﻔـ ‪‬ﻖ‬
‫ﻒ ﻟﻔﻈﹰﺎ ﺳﻮﺍﺀ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﺮﺟـ ‪‬ﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﲰﺎﺀ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻷﻟﻘﺎﺏ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻜﲎ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻷﻧﺴﺎﺏ ﺧﻄﹰﺎ ﻭﲣﺘﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﻂ ﺃﻡ ﺍﻟﺸﻜ ﹸﻞ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻻﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻠﻔﻆ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻨ ﹾﻘ ﹸ‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺰﺭﻗﺎﱐ‪)) :‬ﻣﺸﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﻇﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃ ﹼﻥ ﺍﳌﻨﻜﺮ ﲟﻌﲎ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺫ ﻛﻤﺎ ﺟﺮﻯ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﺑ ‪‬ﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﺃ‪‬ﻤﺎ ﻣﺘﻤﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻗﺎﻟﻪ ﺍﳊﺎﻓﻆ ﺍﺑ ‪‬ﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ((‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﺃ‪‬ﻤـﺎ‬
‫ﻳﺸﺘﺮﻛﺎﻥ ﰲ ﺍﺷﺘﺮﺍﻁ ﺍﳌﺨﺎﻟﻔﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻔﺘﺮﻗﺎﻥ ﰲ ﺻﻔ ِﺔ ﺍﳌﹸﺨﺎﻟِﻒ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ ﺭﲪـﻪ‬
‫ﺍﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪:‬‬
‫ﳐﺎﻟﻔﹰﺎ ﰲ ))ﳔﺒ ٍﺔ(( ﻗﺪ ﺣﻘﹼﻘ ‪‬ﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﳌ‪‬ﻨ ﹶﻜ ‪‬ﺮ ﺍﹼﻟﺬﻱ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﻭﻯ ﻏ ‪‬ﲑ ﺍﻟﹼﺜ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﻪ‬
‫ﻒ ﺟﺪﹰﺍ ﻟﻜﻮﻧـﻪ ﻣﺘـﻬﻤﹰﺎ‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺍﳌﺘﺮﻭﻙ‪ :‬ﻫﻮ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺘﻔ ‪‬ﺮﺩ‪ ‬ﺑﺮﻭﺍﻳﺘ ِﻪ ﺭﺍ ٍﻭ ﺿﻌﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﻂ ﺃﻭ ﺷﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﻐﻔﻠ ِﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺚ ﺃﻭ ﻛﺜﲑ ﺍﻟﻐﻠ ِ‬
‫ﺏ ﰲ ﺍﳊﺪﻳ ِ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﻜﺬ ِ‬
‫ﺍﻟـﺘـﻌـﺮﻳـﻔـﺎﺕ ﺍﻟـﻨـﺪﻳـﺔ ﻋـﻠـﻰ ﺍﻟـﻤـﻨـﻈـﻮﻣـﺔ ﺍﻟـﺒـﻴـﻘـﻮﻧـﻴـﺔ ‪١١‬‬

‫)‪(١‬‬
‫ﻉ‬
‫ﻚ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻮﺿ‪‬ـ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻨ‪ِ‬ﺒ ‪‬ﻲ ﻓﹶـ ﹶﺬِﻟ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻉ‬
‫ﺼ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺨ‪‬ﺘ ﹶﻠـ ‪‬ﻖ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤـ ‪‬‬
‫ﺏ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻭﺍﹾﻟ ﹶﻜـ ِﺬ ‪‬‬
‫ﺳ‪‬ــﻤ‪ ‬ﻴ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻬﺎ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻨ ﹸﻈ ‪‬ﻮﻣ‪‬ــ ﹶﺔ ﺍﹾﻟ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﻴﻘﹸــ ‪‬ﻮِﻧ ‪‬ﻲ‬ ‫ﺠ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﻫ ِﺮ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ﹾﻜﻨ‪‬ـ ‪‬ﻮ ِﻥ‬
‫ﺖ ﻛﹶـﺎﹾﻟ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻭ ﹶﻗ ‪‬ﺪ ﹶﺃﺗ‪‬ـ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ‬
‫ﺨﻴ‪‬ــ ٍﺮ ‪‬ﺧِﺘﻤ‪‬ــ ‪‬‬
‫ﹶﺃ‪‬ﺑ‪‬ﻴﺎ‪‬ﺗﻬ‪‬ــﺎ ﺛﹶــﻢ‪ِ ‬ﺑ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺖ‬
‫ﻕ ﺍﻟﺜﱠﻼﺛِــ ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻦ ﺑِــﹶﺄ ‪‬ﺭ‪‬ﺑ ٍﻊ ﹶﺃﺗ‪‬ــ ‪‬‬
‫ﻓﹶــ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬‬

‫ﺱ ﻭﻧـﺴﺒ ‪‬ﻪ ﺇﱃ‬ ‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻉ‪ :‬ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﻜﻼ ‪‬ﻡ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺍﺧﺘﻠﻘ ‪‬ﻪ ﻭﺍﻓﺘﺮﺍ ‪‬ﻩ ﻭﺍﺣ ‪‬ﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨـﺎ ِ‬
‫ﻑ ﺑﺄﻣﻮ ٍﺭ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‪ :‬ﺇﻗﺮﺍ ‪‬ﺭ ﻗﺎﺋﻠ ِﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺭ ﹼﻛ ﹸﺔ ﺃﻟﻔﺎﻇ ِﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﳐﺎﻟﻔﺘ ‪‬ﻪ ﻟﺼﺮﻳﺢ‬
‫ﷲ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳ‪‬ﻌﺮ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺭﺳﻮ ِﻝ ﺍ ِ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁ ِﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺻﺮﻳ ِﺢ ﺍﻟﺴ‪‬ﻨ ِﺔ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﺍﺗﺮ ِﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻠﻘﻮﺍﻋﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺎ ‪‬ﻣ ِﺔ‪...‬ﺇﱁ‪.‬‬
‫ﻍ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴ ِﻖ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﺍﺿﻊ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻣﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺻﻔﺮ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺳﺒﻊ ﻭﻋﺸﺮﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﱠﰎ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺍ ﹸ‬
‫ﻭﺃﺭﺑﻌﻤﺌﺔ ﻭﺃﻟﻒ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳍﺠﺮﺓ ﻭﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻭﺑﺎﺭﻙ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﻴﺪﻧﺎ‬
‫ﳏﻤﺪ ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺁﻟﻪ ﻭﺻﺤﺒﻪ ﺃﲨﻌﲔ ﻛﺘﺒﻪ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﲑ ﺇﱃ ﻋﻔﻮ‬
‫ﺭﺑ‪‬ﻪ ﺍﻟﻐﲏ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﱘ ﲪﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺻﺎﱀ ﺍﻟﻘﻤﺮﺍ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺑﺖ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺮﻱ ﻏﻔﺮ ﺍﷲ ﻟﻪ ﻭﻟﻮﺍﻟﺪﻳﻪ‬
‫ﻭﳉﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ‬
‫‪٢٠٠٦/٣/٨‬ﻡ‬