JOMO KENYATTA UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE AND TECHNOLOGY

NAKURU CAMPUS.

UNIT TITLE: MULTIMEDIA SYSTEMS

UNIT CODE: ICS 2303

TASK: GROUP ASSIGNMENT 1

GROUP 1 MEMBERS

1. NANCY BISIERI – REG NO: SCT221-COO7-0425-2017

2. JOB NYANDUSI - REGNO: SCT221-COO7-0424-2017
3. GEOFFREY KIMANI – REG NO: SCT221-COO7-0297-2017

Due 24TH NOV 2020

NAKURU CAMPUS
ICS 2303 Assignment One

1. A movie on a video server occupies 4GB. You wish to download it on your local
machine.
i) What should the link speed be if you want to download it in 30 minutes? Assume
that the local and remote computers are fast enough to have negligible read/write
time. [2marks]

2.26MbPs at download speed of 19MbPs

ii) If you were to get the same movie via a slower 56Kpbs modem connection of today,
how long will it take you?
[2marks]

7 days 26 minutes 6 seconds

iii) If you had a DSL connection at 780 Kbs, how long would it take you?
[2marks]
7 hours 30 minutes

2. The high-frequency limit of human hearing extends to approximately 20 kHz, but

studies have shown that intelligible speech requires frequencies only up to 4kHz.

i) Justify why the sampling rate for an audio Compact Disc (CD) is 44.1 kHz. What is
the Nyquist rate for reliable speech communications?
[4Marks]
Since the full range of human hearing extends to 20,000 Hz (20kHz), that is the highest
Frequency that needs to be represented. To accurately represent those frequencies, we
Must sample at a rate greater than twice that (40 kHz). The extra 4.1 kHz is to allow
Some extra room during discrete-to-continuous reconstruction, so that interpolation
Isn’t quite as difficult to implement.
 ii) Why do you think people sound different on the phone from in person? [3Marks]

The main reason for sounding different is because the microphones and speakers in phones are
not of very high quality, so they don't record or reproduce the sound of the voice exactly. In
addition, the data is compressed if you're using a digital phone, which changes the sound
slightly, and can be distorted on an analog phone. All those factors combine to make you sound
different on the phone than you do when face to face.

iii) Suppose intelligible speech requires 7 bits per sample. If the phone system is
designed to precisely meet the requirements for speech (which is the case), what is
the maximum bit rate allowable over telephone lines?
[2Marks]

Max bit rate over telephone lines = 2x4x7 = 56Kbps. Bit rate of CD sound = 44.1x16 = 705.6
Kbps for mono, 1.411 Mbps for stereo.

iv) CDs use 16 bits per sample. What is the bit rate of music coming off a CD?
1,411,200 bits per second
Is a modem connection fast enough to support streamed CD quality audio?
[3Marks]

The ear is the ultimate receptor of the rendered digital audio. Since it can hear
frequencies no more than 20KHz, the original signal must be sampled at at least 40 KHz
to capture all the 20KHz frequencies. With some additional room for higher ranges, the
CD audio is sampled at 44.1 KHz. The reliable sampling rate for speech communication
is 2*4kHz=8kHz.People’s voice are sampled and reconstructed through the telephone
lines, which cause loss of high frequencies. That’s why it will be sound different from in
person. Max bit rate over telephone lines = 2x4x7 = 56Kbps. Bit rate of CD sound =
44.1x16 = 705.6 Kbps for mono, 1.411 Mbps for stereo. Broad band to most homes is
 getting to a point where this can be supported, but still for practical efficiency, the CD
audio streams are compressed using a psychoacoustic audio compression scheme, such as
mp3 or AAC

3. Although metadata is largely viewed as a much wanted feature for indexing

multimedia information and other tasks, it is not very easy to setup and use.

i) Define metadata. How is it different from data? [2Marks]

- Metadata is data that describes other data.

-The main difference between Data and Metadata is that data is simply the content that can
provide a description, measurement, or even a report on anything relative to an enterprise’s data
assets. On the other hand, metadata describes the relevant information on said data, giving them
more context for data users.

ii) Mention some of the problems that you see with practical applications that need to
make use of metadata. [3Marks]

a. Disparate information sources - The first challenge to leveraging your information is

the wide variety of sources that make up the corporate data landscape.

b. Lack of enforcing business rules for metadata - Creating a context of enforceable

business rules around the metadata is an important aspect of maintaining data integrity
and usability.

c. Lack of effective communication - Data architects and DBAs must effectively

communicate with all of the internal stakeholders who have access to, or are using data.