1. No, C cannot claim payment of the deficiency from D.

Since, C foreclose the pledge when D

failed to pay the loan, therefore the contract of pledge have already extinguished and then used the
watch to sold for P.08M only to reduce D's debt to C. But the remaining balance of the loan, D will not
pay anymore because there is no more contract of pledge.

2. No, Y will not become the owner of the land due to the principle of the pactum commissorium is
prohibited by law. Unless it goes through foreclosure the so -called public auction otherwise is void. In
order to satisfy to pay the creditor there must be an public auction.