Executive Assessment Prep: Quantitative Reasoning

EXECUTIVE MBA
PROGRAM
Executive Assessment Prep:

Quantitative Reasoning
Kathleen.Fitzgerald@chicagobooth.edu
November 2020
Executive Assessment
https://www.gmac.com/executive-assessment/about/assessment-structure
The assessment evaluates the data-driven skills you use every day that are critical both at work and in your business program. The
assessment is composed of three sections: Integrated Reasoning, Verbal Reasoning, and Quantitative Reasoning, totaling 40 questions. The
scale for each section of the assessment is 0 to 20. The total scale ranges from 100 to 200, and all three sections are equally weighted in
determining your total.
Executive MBA Program

Executive Assessment Prep 2
Quantitative Reasoning
•  Study
•  No calculator
•  Two types of questions

•  Data sufficiency
•  Problem solving
•  Two modules
•  7 questions each
•  Difficulty of the second module depends on performance on the first module
•  Can flag and review questions within sections

Resources
•  GMAC website
•  Create an account
•  https://www.gmac.com/executive-assessment/about-ea
•  Free practice questions

•  https://www.gmac.com/executive-assessment/take-ea/preparation
•  Other online prep or tutoring – do a Google search

•  https://brilliant.org/daily-problems/
•  https://www.khanacademy.org/
•  https://ea.empowergmat.com/?gclid=Cj0KCQiA-rj9BRCAARIsANB_4ACwRtK0mPng1-
NLJlVJH_s7pez1p1QJl4z9Io5ZUjNmOZ1myu1WvGEaAmMmEALw_wcB
•  https://www.manhattanprep.com/executive-assessment/

GMAC
Arithmetic
1.  Properties of Integers

2.  Fractions
3.  Decimals
4.  Real Numbers
5.  Ratio and Proportion
6.  Percents
7.  Powers and Roots of Numbers
8.  Descriptive Statistics
9.  Sets
10.  Counting Methods
11.  Discrete Probability

GMAC
Algebra
1.  Simplifying Algebraic Expressions

2.  Equations
3.  Solving Linear Equations with One Unknown
4.  Solving Two Linear Equations with Two Unknowns
5.  Solving Equations by Factoring
6.  Solving Quadratic Equations
7.  Exponents
8.  Inequalities
9.  Absolute Value
10.  Functions

EXECUTIVE MBA
PROGRAM
Section 1:
Arithmetic
Integers
What is an integer?
Divisors and factors:
Quotients and remainders:
Prime Numbers:

Integers
Even and Odd Integers:
Consecutive integers:
Consecutive even integers:
Consecutive odd integers:

Integers
Odd + Odd =
Odd + Even =
Even + Even =
Odd * Odd =
Even * Even =
Odd * Even =
Even/Even ?
Even/Odd ?
Odd/Even ?
Odd/Odd ?

Integers
Properties of 0:
Properties of 1:

Order of Operations
1.  An operation inside a parentheses. If parentheses are included in other parentheses

then work inside out.
2.  Exponentiations and roots
3.  Multiplication and division
4.  Additions and subtractions
5.  If there is more than one operation with the same priority then go left to right

Order of Operations
Practice
42 + 8 (3 * 2) =
2(4 + 3) + (-16) (4 – 6) =
{15 – (3 * 2)} ÷ 3 =
(3 + 4)2 =
(32 + 42) =
[32 – (22 * 4)] + 7 =
(2) (3) + (3) (4) – (4) (5) =
7 * 8 ÷ 4 – 20 =
-32 =
(-3)2 =

Fractions
Numerator:
Denominator:
Fraction:
Mixed Number:
Equivalent fractions:
Greatest common divisor:

Fractions
Addition and Subtraction when denominators are the same
Addition and subtraction when denominators are not the same

Fractions
Multiplication
Reciprocal
Division

Fractions
Practice
Solve the following expressions:
1/2 + 5/2 =
1/2 – 1/3 =
1/12 + 1/6 =
1/2 * 4/7 =
1/4 * (6/7 – 1/8) =

Fractions
Practice
Simplify the following expressions:
1 – 1/x =
(1 + 1/x) / (1 – 1/x) =
(x – 1) / ((x – 5) (x – 1)) =
1 / (1/a + 1/b) =
((a + 2b) (3a + 6)) / 25 (a + 2b) =


Decimals
Placement of decimal and value of the digits:
Ones or units
Thousandths
Hundredths
Thousands
Hundreds
Tenths
Tens
7 , 6 5 4 . 3 2 1
Scientific Notation:

Decimals
Addition and Subtraction:
Multiplication and Division:

Real Numbers
Properties
•  Commutative property of addition/multiplication
•  Associative property of addition/multiplication
•  Additive identity
•  Additive inverse
•  Multiplicative identity
•  Multiplicative inverse
•  Distributive property
•  Transitive property of equalities and inequalities

Real Numbers
If a and b are both positive, then ab is _________
If a and b are both negative then ab is _________
If one of a or b is positive and the other is negative, then ab is _______
If ab = 0, then a = ________ or b = _______

Absolute Value
What is absolute value?
Properties:
Examples:

Absolute Value
Practice
2 + |3 – 8| =
2 * |2 – 4| =
|(3) (-2) – 6| – 15 =
|3 * 4| ÷ 2 =
|(3) (-4)| ÷ 2 =
|(3) (-4)| ÷ (-2) =
|(2) (-5) – 5| – 5 =
(-15) ÷ |3 * 2 – 1| =
8 + |(3) (-6) + 14| =
3 + |(5) (-2) + 1| – 16 =

Ratios and Proportions
Ratios:
Proportions:
Examples:

Percentages
What is a percent?
Calculating percentages:
Measuring a percentage change, e.g., growth or return or rate

Percentages
Practice
Convert the following into percentages:
0.23 =
0.011 =
2=
5/20 =
9/5 =
(0.2)2 =
Solve the following: If earnings were $1,000 in 2017, $1,200 in 2018, and $1,000 in
2019, what were the percentage changes from 2017 to 2018 and from 2018 to 2019?

Powers and Roots
bn =
b0 =
b1 =
b-1 =
bn * b m =
(bn)m =
(bc)n =
(a/b)n =
b-n =
bn / bm =
bn/m =

Powers and Roots
Practice
Simplify the following expressions:
38 * 32 =
4m * 4 n =
2hip * 2hop =
104 * 1010 * 106 =
Δ9 * Δ6 =
t2n * t3n =
(xy)w * (xy)z =

Powers and Roots

Practice
Rewrite the following terms using only positive exponents:
3x-2y-3 =
x3y-2 =
r2f -3x-5j8 =
n↑2 x↑3 𝑝↑−4 /6↑−2 m↑2 r↑−2   =
a↑−n b↑−m c↑−p /d↑−x e↑−y f↑−z   =

Powers and Roots
What happens when you square a number that is > 1?
What happens when you square a number that is between 0 and 1?
What is a square root?
Is the square root of a negative number a real number?
How many square roots does every positive number, n, have?

Descriptive Statistics
Mean
Median
Mode
Variance
Standard Deviation

Descriptive Statistics
Covariance
Correlation

Other Topics
We will cover in the IR section.
•  Sets
•  Counting Methods
•  Discrete Probability

EXECUTIVE MBA
PROGRAM
Section 2:
Algebra
Algebra
1.  Simplifying Algebraic Expressions

2.  Equations
3.  Solving Linear Equations with One Unknown
4.  Solving Two Linear Equations with Two Unknowns
5.  Solving Equations by Factoring
6.  Solving Quadratic Equations
7.  Exponents
8.  Inequalities
9.  Absolute Value
10.  Functions

Algebra Basics
Whatever you do to one side of an equation, do the same thing on the other side:
•  Add/subtract the same number
•  Multiply/divide both sides by the same number
Postulates:
•  a=a
•  a=b is the same as b=a
•  If a=c and b=c then a=b
•  If a=b
•  a+c = b+c
•  a-c = b-c
•  ac=bc
•  a/c =b/c
•  If a=b then you can substitute a in the place of b anywhere that b appears in an expression

Simplification

One equation with one unknown
Practice
Solve for the unknown variable: 2(3 – b) – 2b = 6(-b + 2) – 26
Solve for x, x>0: ax2 = b
Translate into an equation and solve: Two times the quantity of six less than a number
equals the opposite of the number.

Two equations with two unknowns

Practice
Solve each pair of equations to find the intersection point and then graph them to
confirm that they intersect here:
x+y=1
2y – x = 8
y – 3x = 3
y + 2x = -2

Two equations with two unknowns
Practice
5x – 2y = 12
3x + 2y = 4
2y – x = 12
4x + y = -3

Exponents
•  Covered in last section, under roots and powers

Inequalities
•  Not equal to
•  Greater than
•  Greater than or equal to
•  Less than
•  Less than or equal to

Solving Inequalities
•  Adding or subtracting the same number to/from each side of an inequality does not
change the direction of the inequality symbol.
•  Multiplying or dividing each side of an inequality by a positive number does not change
the direction of the inequality symbol.
•  Multiplying or dividing each side of an inequality by a negative number reverses the

direction of the inequality symbol.

Inequalities
Practice
Solve for x:
10 + 2x > 12
4 – (12 – 3x) ≤ -5
4x + (3x – 7) > 2x – (28 – 2x)
5 – 3x ≤ 23

Absolute Value
•  Covered in last section, under Absolute Value

Functions
•  Describes a relation between 1 or many variables
•  A rule that assigns to each element in the domain one and only one element in the
range
•  Domain – Rule – Range

Input – Rule – Output
Independent Variable – Rule – Dependent Variable
•  Notation: f(x), F(x), g(x), U(x,y), etc...
•  Utility, Cost, Demand, Supply, Production…

Functions
Types of functions
Linear functions of 1 variable

•  1 independent and 1 dependent variable
•  Neither raised to any power > 1
•  Neither in the denominator
•  No term is a product of the independent/dependent variables
Point-Slope Formula
Plotting

Functions
Examples

Quadratic Functions
x2 + 4x + 3
https://www.desmos.com/calculator/dz0kvw0qjg

Factoring

Quadratic Equation

Practice Problem Solutions
Order of Operations: Fractions: Powers and Roots:
42 + 8 (3 * 2) = 64 1/2 + 5/2 = 6/2 = 3 38 * 32 = 310
2(4 + 3) + (-16) (4 – 6) = 46 1/2 – 1/3 = 3/6 – 2/6 = 1/6 4m * 4n = 4m+n
{15 – (3 * 2)} ÷ 3 = 3 1/12 + 1/6 = 1/12 + 2/12 = 3/12 = 1/4
2hip * 2hop = 2hip+hop
(3 + 4)2 = 49 1/2 * 4/7 = 4/14 = 2/7
104 * 1010 * 106 = 1020
(32 + 42) = 25 1/4 * (6/7 – 1/8) = 1/4 * (48/56 – 7/56)
= 1/4 * 41/56 = 41/224 Δ9 * Δ6 = Δ15
[32 – (22 * 4)] + 7 = 0
(2) (3) + (3) (4) – (4) (5) = -2 1 – 1/x = 𝐱−𝟏/𝐱  t2n * t3n = t5n
(xy)w * (xy)z = (xy)(w+z)
7 * 8 ÷ 4 – 20 = -6 (1 + 1/x) / (1 – 1/x) = 𝐱+𝟏/𝐱−𝟏 
-32 = -9 (x – 1) / ((x – 5) (x – 1)) = 𝟏/𝐱−𝟓  3x-2y-3 = 𝟑/𝐱↑𝟐 𝐲↑𝟑  
(-3)2 = 9
1 / (1/a + 1/b) = 𝐚𝐛/𝐚+𝐛  x3y-2𝐱↑𝟑 /𝐲↑𝟐  
=
((a + 2b) (3a + 6)) / 25 (a + 2b) =
Absolute Value:
Percentages: 𝐫↑𝟐 𝐣↑𝟖 /
r2f -3x-5j8 =
2 + |3 – 8| = 7 𝟑𝐚+𝟔
0.23 = 23%
/𝟐𝟓  𝐟↑𝟑 𝐱↑𝟓  
2 * |2 – 4| = 4
|(3) (-2) – 6| – 15 = -3 0.011 = 1.1%
|3 * 4| ÷ 2 = 6 2 = 200% n↑2 x↑3 𝑝↑−4 /
|(3) (-4)| ÷ 2 = 6
5/20 = 25% 6↑−2 m↑2 r↑−2  
= 𝟑𝟔𝐧↑𝟐 𝐱↑𝟑 
|(3) (-4)| ÷ (-2) = -6 9/5 = 180%
(0.2) = 4%
2
|(2) (-5) – 5| – 5 = 10
(-15) ÷ |3 * 2 – 1| = -3
𝐫↑𝟐in /2019,
If earnings were $1,000 in 2017, $1,200 in 2018, and $1,000 𝐦↑what
𝟐 𝐩↑𝟒  
were the percentage changes from 2017 to 2018 and from 2018 to 2019?
8 + |(3) (-6) + 14| = 12 a↑−n b↑−m 
2017 to 2018: (1,200 – 1,000) / 1,000 = 200 / 1,000 = 20%
3 + |(5) (-2) + 1| – 16 = -4
c↑−p /d↑−x 
2018 to 2019: (1,000 – 1,200) / 1,200 = -200 / 1,200 = -16.67%
e↑−y f↑−z   = 𝐝↑𝐱 
Executive Assessment Prep 𝐞↑𝐲 𝐟↑𝐳 /𝐚↑𝐧  53
𝐛↑𝐦 𝐜↑𝐩  
Practice Problem Solutions
One Equation with One Unknown: Two Equations with Two Unknowns: Inequalities:
2(3 – b) – 2b = 6*(-b + 2) – 26 x+y=1 5x – 2y = 12 10 + 2x > 12
2y – x = 8 3x + 2y = 4
6−2b−2b=−6b+12−26 2x>2
−2b−2b+6b=12−26−6 x=1−y 2y=5x−12 𝐱>𝟏
2b=−20 2y−(1−y)=8 3x+(5x−12)=4
b=−𝟏𝟎 3y−1=8 8x=16

4 – (12 – 3x) ≤ -5
3y=9 4−12+3x≤ −5
𝐱=𝟐
ax2 = b 𝐲=𝟑 3x≤3
y=5x−12/2 =
x=√ 𝐛/𝐚   𝐱=−𝟐 𝐱≤𝟏

10−12/2 
Two times the quantity of six less than a 𝐲=−𝟏 4x + (3x – 7) > 2x – (28 – 2x)
number equals the opposite of the number. y – 3x = 3
y + 2x = -2
4x+3x−7>2x−28+
2(x−6)=−x 2x
y=3x+3 2y – x = 12
2x−12=−x 3x>−21
3x=12 (3x+3)+2x=−2 4x + y = -3
𝐱>−𝟕
5x=−5 x=2y−12
𝐱=𝟒
𝐱=−𝟏 5 – 3x ≤ 23
4∗(2y−12)+y=
y+2∗−1=−2 −3x≤18
−3
𝐲=𝟎 −x≤6
8y−48+y=−3
Executive MBA Program 𝐱≥−𝟔
Executive Assessment Prep 9y=45 54
𝐲=𝟓
x=2∗5−12
𝐱=−𝟐
EXECUTIVE MBA
PROGRAM
GMAC Free Practice Problems

Data Sufficiency
https://www.gmac.com/executive-assessment/take-
ea/preparation/quant-ea-questions/data-sufficiency-
questions.aspx
Answer Format (12TEN)
A.  Statement (1) ALONE is sufficient but statement (2) ALONE is not sufficient.
B.  Statement (2) ALONE is sufficient but statement (1) ALONE is not sufficient.
C.  BOTH statements TOGETHER are sufficient, but NEITHER statement ALONE is
sufficient.
D.  EACH statement ALONE is sufficient.
E.  Statements (1) and (2) TOGETHER are not sufficient.

Practice Problem
What is the average (arithmetic mean) of a, b, and c ?
(1) a + 2b + 3c = 10
(2) 3a + 2b + c = 14

Practice Problem
By what percent was the price of a certain candy bar increased?
(1) The price of the candy bar was increased by 5 cents.

(2) The price of the candy bar after the increase was 45 cents.

Practice Problem
Is the integer n odd?
(1) n is divisible by 3.
(2) n is divisible by 5.

Practice Problem
A shirt and a pair of gloves cost a total of $41.70. How much does the pair of gloves cost?
(1) The shirt costs twice as much as the gloves.

(2) The shirt costs $27.80.

Practice Problem
If on a fishing trip Jim and Tom each caught some fish, which one caught more fish?
(1) Jim caught 2/3 as many fish as Tom.

(2) After Tom stopped fishing, Jim continued to fish until he caught 12 fish.

Practice Problem
From May 1, 1960 to May 1, 1975 the closing price of a share of stock X doubled. What
was the closing price of a share of stock X on May 1, 1960?
(1) From May 1, 1975, to May 1, 1984, the closing price of a share of stock X doubled.
(2) From May 1, 1975, to May 1, 1984, the closing price of a share of stock X increased
by $4.50.

Practice Problem
Buckets X and Y contained only water and bucket Y was 1/2 full. If all of the water in
bucket X was then poured into bucket Y, what fraction of the capacity of Y was then filled
with water?
(1) Before the water from X was poured, X was 1/3 full.
(2) X and Y have the same capacity.

Practice Problem
If r and s are integers, is r divisible by 7?
(1) The product rs is divisible by 7.

(2) s is not divisible by 7.

EXECUTIVE MBA
PROGRAM
GMAC Free Practice Problems

Problem Solving
https://www.gmac.com/executive-assessment/take-
ea/preparation/quant-ea-questions/problem-solving-
questions.aspx
Practice Problem
Dick and Jane each saved $3,000 in 1989. In 1990 Dick saved 8 percent more than in
1989, and together he and Jane saved a total of $5,000. Approximately what percent less
did Jane save in 1990 than in 1989?
A. 8%
B. 25%
C. 41%
D. 59%
E. 70%

Practice Problem
The table below represents the combined net income of all United States companies in
each of five sectors for the second quarter of 1996. Which sector had the greatest net
income during the first quarter of 1996?
A. Basic Materials
B. Energy
C. Industrial
D. Utilities
E. Conglomerates

Practice Problem
According to the table below, the number of fellows was approximately what percent of
the total membership of Organization X ?
A. 9%
B. 12%
C. 18%
D. 25%
E. 35%

Practice Problem
The regular price per can of a certain brand of soda is $0.40. If the regular price per can
is discounted 15 percent when the soda is purchased in 24-can cases, what is the price
of 72 cans of this brand of soda purchased in 24-can cases?
A. $16.32
B. $18.00
C. $21.60
D. $24.48
E. $28.80

Practice Problem
Increasing the original price of an article by 15 percent and then increasing the new price
by 15 percent is equivalent to increasing the original price by:
A. 32.25%
B. 31.00%
C. 30.25%
D. 30.00%
E. 22.50%

Practice Problem
One hour after Yolanda started walking from X to Y, a distance of 45 miles, Bob started
walking along the same road from Y to X. If Yolanda’s walking rate was 3 miles per hour
and Bob’s was 4 miles per hour, how many miles had Bob walked when they met?
A. 24
B. 23
C. 22
D. 21
E. 19.5

Practice Problem
If the population of a certain country increases at the rate of one person every 15
seconds, by how many persons does the population increase in 20 minutes?
A. 80
B. 100
C. 150
D. 240
E. 300

Practice Problem
Is A 5,6,7,8,9?

Practice Problems (GMAC)

Data Sufficiency
During week W, how much did it cost, per mile, for the gasoline used by car X?
(1)  During Week W, car X used gasoline that cost $1.24 per gallon.
(2)  During Week W, car X was driven 270 miles.
In a school election, if each of the 900 voters voted for ether Edith or José (but not both), what percent
of the female voters in this election voted for José?
(1)  Eighty percent of the female voters voted for Edith.

(2)  Sixty percent of the male voters voted for José.
Two cars, S and T, each traveled a distance of 50 miles. Did car S use more gasoline than car T?
(1)  Cars S and T traveled the entire distance at rates of 55 miles per hour and 50 miles per hour,
respectively.
(2)  For the entire distance, car S traveled 20 miles per gallon of gasoline and car T traveled 25 miles
per gallon of gasoline.

Data Sufficiency

At the rate of m meters per s second, how many meters does a cyclist travel in x minutes?
If Sam were twice as old as he is, he would be 40 years older than Jim. If Jim is 10 years younger than
Sam, how old is Sam?
Options are 11, 12, 13, 21, 31

Thank you!
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EXECUTIVE MBA

Executive Assessment Prep:

Executive MBA Program

• Two types of questions

Executive MBA Program

• Free practice questions

• Other online prep or tutoring – do a Google search

Executive MBA Program

1. Properties of Integers

Executive MBA Program

1. Simplifying Algebraic Expressions

Executive MBA Program

Divisors and factors:

Quotients and remainders:

Executive MBA Program

Even and Odd Integers:

Consecutive even integers:

Consecutive odd integers:

Executive MBA Program

Executive MBA Program

Executive MBA Program

1. An operation inside a parentheses. If parentheses are included in other parentheses

2. Exponentiations and roots

3. Multiplication and division

4. Additions and subtractions

Executive MBA Program

[32 – (22 * 4)] + 7 =

(2) (3) + (3) (4) – (4) (5) =

Executive MBA Program

Greatest common divisor:

Executive MBA Program

Addition and Subtraction when denominators are the same

Addition and subtraction when denominators are not the same

Executive MBA Program

Executive MBA Program

Solve the following expressions:

1/4 * (6/7 – 1/8) =

Executive MBA Program

Simplify the following expressions:

((a + 2b) (3a + 6)) / 25 (a + 2b) =

Executive MBA Program

Placement of decimal and value of the digits:

Executive MBA Program

Addition and Subtraction:

Multiplication and Division:

Executive MBA Program

• Commutative property of addition/multiplication

• Associative property of addition/multiplication

• Transitive property of equalities and inequalities

Executive MBA Program

If a and b are both positive, then ab is _________

If a and b are both negative then ab is _________

If one of a or b is positive and the other is negative, then ab is _______

If ab = 0, then a = ________ or b = _______

Executive MBA Program

What is absolute value?

Executive MBA Program

|(3) (-4)| ÷ (-2) =

8 + |(3) (-6) + 14| =

Executive MBA Program

Executive MBA Program

Measuring a percentage change, e.g., growth or return or rate

Executive MBA Program

•  Two types of questions

•  Free practice questions

•  Other online prep or tutoring – do a Google search

1.  Properties of Integers

1.  Simplifying Algebraic Expressions

1.  An operation inside a parentheses. If parentheses are included in other parentheses

2.  Exponentiations and roots

3.  Multiplication and division

4.  Additions and subtractions

•  Commutative property of addition/multiplication

•  Associative property of addition/multiplication

•  Transitive property of equalities and inequalities

If ab = 0, then a = __ or b = _

1.  Simplifying Algebraic Expressions

•  Covered in last section, under roots and powers

•  Greater than or equal to

•  Less than or equal to

•  Multiplying or dividing each side of an inequality by a negative number reverses the

•  Covered in last section, under Absolute Value

•  Describes a relation between 1 or many variables

•  Domain – Rule – Range

•  Notation: f(x), F(x), g(x), U(x,y), etc...

•  Utility, Cost, Demand, Supply, Production…

D.  EACH statement ALONE is sufficient.

E.  Statements (1) and (2) TOGETHER are not sufficient.