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Advancement in the field of ubiquitous computing opens a wide range of possibilities for the design of
energy efficient systems in future smart homes. Ubiquitous computing and integrating a large number of
sensors, actuators, and computing devices into our everyday environments have great potential to
contribute energy efficiency in our everyday life. Energy efficiency is becoming increasingly important in
industry as well as in the residential sector. However, due to the complexity and diversity of computing
devices, integrating energy efficiency into ubiquitous computing is still in its infancy. Adding each new
device into the environment requires a great deal of work. After deciding which particular device to
integrate, the smart home developer must determine how to configure it and interface with it. Then the
device must be connected and physically integrated it into the environment. Realizing energy efficiency
in homes involves far more than connecting devices to the environment. The smart home environment
make use of a wireless sensor network platform to integrate numerous heterogenous devices. These
devices should cooperate with other devices independently to provide intelligent services for users in
the smart home.

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Implementation and Results A wireless sensor has three technical components, a MCU(Microcontroller
Unit) with a ADC, a sensing unit, and a ZigBee transceiver. The sensing unit is the most important part in
a sensor. A hall effect-based sensor, ACS712 from Microsystems Inc. [5], is used to measure AC in our
system. We tested the sensors from a 100 Watt load to 1000 Watt load.In this testing, we assume the
power factor is 1. A SMPS (Switch Mode Power Supply) is integrated to supply power, which means it
does not need DC batteries. A Relay is included for remote on/off controlling. A ZigBee dongle with USB
interface is connected to a PC, which serves as an intelligent home gateway. The application is OS
independent, because it is implemented in Java. The incoming data from each sensor contain the actual
status of the device, the power consumption and a unique sensor ID. We store the received data in a
PostgreSQL database. The system receives several values per second from the sensors which are stored
in the database for later use in a web interface or mobile application. Functional routines are
implemented on Java VM (Virtual Machine) in the proposed system, because we will integrate OSGi [8]
based middleware into our system in the future. When a user wants to switch on/off a device from a
web interface or mobile application, the reaction time is below one second.

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The wireless power consumption sensor measures electricity consumption of both the industrial
equipment and several devices at home as household appliances.

This wireless sensor allows you to know in real time

– how many kilowatts may be consumed,
– any malfunctions,
– CO2 emissions,
– the costs.

Thanks to this wireless sensor, you can adopt strategies to reduce the consumption and improve energy
efficiency.

The challenge for everyone is to fight the energy source harvesting – in order to face a fast-growing
demand – and to reduce climate-changing emissions.

Benefits for industry (examples)

Adopting strategies for energy efficiency, you can improve productivity:
– reducing the use of steam in a manufacturing it’s possible to dicrease the boiler’s natural gas
consumption and to improve the rate of throughput, increasing the product yield,
– chosing long-life lamps, you can reduce the labour cost to replace them,
– monitoring the production processes it’s possible to avoid production waste and to improve
competitiveness.

Example of an industrial energy use

Benefits for your home (examples):

– reduction of energy costs,
– detection of the biggest energy loads,
– reducing waste,
– monitoring of the solar-electric system production.

Example of an energy use in an house

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The electric equipment installed in the experiment room consisted of eight 23 W bulbs and six exhaust
fans of 80 W each with daily operation of 14 hours from 7:00 a.m. to 21:00 p.m. Sensors are installed
next to the lamp, as shown in Figure 3a. Measurement for the illuminance (lux) of the installed lighting
uses lux meter placed under each lamp at a height of 1 m above the floor which shows the readings of
the measurement in illuminance as shown in Figure 3b. Highest illuminance readings recorded are for
under the lamps near the outside window, with lowest reading at the cubicle furthest away from both
window and outside door. The accuracy of the lux meter is within ±6%. For each measurement, stable
numerical values are obtained. At the time of measurement, the door of the restroom and room lighting
is set to be as close as possible to the normal working condition. Total power consumption is 664 Watt-
hours, which translates into 0.664 kWh in one hour or 9.3 kWh/day, or on average 231 kWh/month and
2772 kWh annually. Baseline Measurement is taken and recorded with 7-hour interval up to 84 h equal
to a 6-day week of operation. During this period, total electric power consumption is amounted to
55.576 kWh without the use of motion sensors [1]. Measurement for low usage period during the
semester break, where usage is minimum, yields 20.229 kWh and with a carbon emission factor of
0.00785, calculation on the annual carbon reduction resulted from the use of motion sensors is 36
tons/year. Measurement for high usage period is taken during the first days of the new academic year,
the busiest days where the maximum number of students are present to attend their first week of
courses. Measurement taken in September with the same interval yields 38.854 kWh. Appl. Syst. Innov.
2018, 1, x FOR PEER REVIEW 5 of 7 students are present to attend their first week of courses.
Measurement taken in September with the same interval yields 38.854 kWh.
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(a)
Motion sensor installation next to each lamp; (b) Illumination measurement for points under each
individual lamp; the ones with higher illuminance are near the window, showing a significant difference,
with the darkest point being the one furthest away from the window and outside door.

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Future Work :

Awareness of electricity consumption in the home or building is a first step towards saving energy. The
combination of alternative energy and pervasive technologies for monitoring and controlling energy
consumption is a powerful vehicle for reducing energy demand. With effective feedback about energy
consumption and control of household appliances, users can be motivated and encouraged to change
their behavior on energy use such as turning off lights or reducing heat. These small changes in behavior
can lead to significant energy savings. This paper presents a smart energy management system for
homes and buildings. The proposed system can monitor and measure electricity usage in real-time. With
the proposed system, users can remotely control real-time electricity usage through web and other
mobile devices such as smart phones or smart pads. Our future work will focus on expanding the current
system to include the following functionalities: automatic home appliance detection and context
inference. The automatic identification of appliances and detection of the location of appliances are
important for developing efficient energy management systems. Automatic detection of appliances can
offer easy and usable services and information on the location of appliances is used for providing various
context-await. A user’s behavior, based on data from electricity consumption, can be used to infer the
current or future context of users. For example, a user’s intention to operate certain appliances at
certain locations can be determined from the context inference engine of the system. We also plan to
evaluate our system in a real-world context. We are currently building a living lab to conduct user
studies which will provide us with insights into our future research direction.

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https://pdf.sciencedirectassets.com/

https://www.auroras.eu/power-consumption-sensor-a-wireless-sensor-for-energy-saving/